TW201404305A - Uses of Thaxtomin and Thaxtomin compositions as herbicides - Google Patents

Abstract

There is a need for a selective, low-risk herbicide that can be used to control weeds in cereal cultures and turf. The present invention discloses that a bacterial secondary metabolite, thaxtomin and optionally another herbicide is an effective herbicide on broadleaved, sedge and grass weeds. Thaxtomin A and structurally similar compounds can be used as natural herbicides to control the germination and growth of weeds in cereal, turf grass, Timothy grass and pasture grass cultures with no phytotoxicity to these crops. As a natural, non-toxic compound, thaxtomin can be used as a safe alternative for weed control in both conventional and organic farming and gardening systems.

Description

Use of the composition of the sac domin and the sac domin for herbicides

The invention relates to a composition and a method for controlling the germination and growth of weeds, such as broadleaf weeds, sedges and grasses, by using a compound containing thaxtomin as an active ingredient, wherein the saxophone is actinomycetes a cyclic dipeptide produced by (Streptomyces sp.).

Substances produced by microorganisms, plants or other organisms are referred to as natural products. There is a great chemical diversity between different microbial natural products, and natural products have a long history of medicinal use. However, secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms can also play a successful weed and pest control effect in agriculture.

Sacradamine (4-nitroindol-3-yl-containing 2,5- dioxapiperazine ) is a dipeptide produced by the phytopathogenic actinomycetes ( Streptomyces sp., S. scabies , S. acidiscabies ) Plant toxic, this plant pathogen can cause Solanum tuberosum (King, Lawrence et al., 1992). Toxins are produced in diseased tissues, and in vitro experiments can also induce toxin production in an ideal growth medium containing oat bran (Loria, Bukhalid et al., 1995; Beauséjour, Goyer et al., 1999). King and colleagues (King, Lawrence et al. 2001) demonstrated that all plant pathogen species in the Streptomyces family produce one or more herbicide-active sacdomin. Hiltunen et al. (Hiltunen, Laakso et al., 2006) purified four saxedin analogues from S. scabies and S. turbidis cabies (Sac's susceptibility A, Sac's susceptibility A ortho isomers) , Sacdomin B and Sacdomin D), showing that these four compounds can produce similar characterizations for in vitro culture of potato, including shoot and root growth reduction, root swelling (at 10-200 ppb) And necrosis (at 200-1000 ppb). In addition, Sac Thomin is used in combination to add benefits, but no synergy (Hiltunen, Laakso et al., 2006). According to Duke et al. (Duke, Baerson et al., 2003), both Sacradamine A (Figure 1) and Sacdomin D are potent pre-emergence and post-emergence non-systemic herbicides. And only need less than 1uM of Sacradamine A to cause cell swelling, necrosis and growth inhibition on monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous seedlings (Healy, Wach et al., 2000). Dow Agro Sciences, Inc. has evaluated the herbicidal effect of sacdogin and found that it lacks a systemic effect when it is active (King, Lawrence et al., 2001). The nitro group is present in the anthracene ring required for the L,L-structure of the diketone cyclic diamine. The presence of this nitro group appears to be the minimum requirement for phytotoxicity, and its position in the anthracene ring Specific, while the phenyl moiety of phenylalanine plays a necessary role in the structural conditions of phytotoxicity (King, Lawrence et al., 1989; King, Lawrence et al., 1992; King, Lawrence, et al., 2003). ). The herbicidal mode of action is based on the collapse of cell wall synthesis (Fry and Loria, 2002) to prevent cell membrane biosynthesis as the primary target (King et al., 2001; Duval et al., 2005; Johnson et al., 2007). In recent years, Kang et al. (Kang, Semones et al., 2008) have mentioned the use of saxedamine and saxedomin compositions as algaecides to control algae growth in the aquatic environment.

The invention provides a method for controlling weed growth, which comprises applying an amount of sacrotomin to the weed or soil, which is effective for controlling weed growth, wherein the weeds are shown in Table 1. One of the genus listed;

Or one of the types listed in Table 2:

In a related aspect, the invention also provides for the use of sacdomin for controlling one or more of the above-described weeds in a growth system. The invention also provides a combination or composition comprising at least one or more herbicides in addition to sacdomin. Accordingly, the present invention may comprise a sacrotomin and a chemical herbicide and/or biological herbicide. In a particular embodiment, the herbicide is a biological herbicide and is selected from the group consisting of bialaphos, sarmentine analog, manuka oil ( Manuka oil), m-tyrosine, Phoma macrostoma , chelated iron or a microbial herbicide. In a more specific embodiment, the biological herbicide is bilapia, manuka oil, m-tyrosine or chelated iron.

In yet another particular embodiment, the herbicide is a chemical herbicide and is selected from the group consisting of: Amicarbazone, Glufosinate, Chlorthiamid, 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Linuron, Flumioxazin, Fluridone, MCPP, Asulam, Sulfosone ( Sulcotrione), Simazine, Thiazopyr, Isoxaben, Norflurazon, Napropamide, Indazifam, EPTC, Fomesafen, Thiencarbazone, Metolachlor, Acetochlor, Pyrithrobac-sodium, Picloram, oleic acid, trifluoro Sodium sulfuron sodium MCPA, Fluroxypyr. In a particular embodiment, the herbicide is a solid grass. In a related aspect, the present invention provides a method of controlling the growth and/or germination of the weeds by applying the combination to soil or weeds.

The saxedamine in the above method can be applied before and/or after the weeds are germinated. In a particular embodiment, the weeds selectively exert a controlling effect on a growth system without causing serious damage to non-weed plants in the growth system. In a particular embodiment, the purpose of the practice is to control one or more weeds without causing significant harm to other non-weed plants of the growth system, meaning that the application of Sacdomin is less phytotoxic to non-weed plants than to relative 50% of the untreated control group; more specifically, the phytotoxicity to non-weed plants is less than relative 33% of the untreated control group; more specifically, the phytotoxicity to non-weed plants is less than 25% relative to an untreated control group; and more specifically, to non-weed plants The phytotoxicity was less than 10% relative to an untreated control; and more specifically, the phytotoxicity to non-weed plants was less than 5% relative to an untreated control. The cereal crops may include, but are not limited to, corn, wheat, triticale, barley, rye, oats, sorghum, sugar cane, and millet. Alternatively, control of weed germination and/or growth is carried out in a rice growth system, turfgrass or sage growth system.

In a related aspect, the present invention provides the use of sacdomin and a second herbicide for controlling weed growth and/or germination in a growth system. In detail, the second herbicide is a biological herbicide. In a particular embodiment, the herbicide is a biological herbicide and is selected from the group consisting of: bilapia, sulphate analog, manuka oil, m-tyrosine, macrocavity Phomopsis, chelated iron or a microbial herbicide. In a more specific embodiment, the biological herbicide is bilapia, manuka oil, m-tyrosine or chelated iron.

In yet another particular embodiment, the herbicide is a chemical herbicide and is selected from the group consisting of: Amicarbazone, Glufosinate, Chlorthiamid, 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Linuron, Flumioxazin, Fluridone, MCPP, Asulam, Sulfosone ( Sulcotrione), Simazine, Thiazopyr, Isoxaben, Norflurazon, Napropamide, Indazifam, EPTC, Fomesafen, Thiencarbazone, Metolachlor, Acetochlor, Pyrithrobac-sodium, Picloram, oleic acid, trifluoro Sodium sulfuron sodium MCPA, Fluroxypyr.

As mentioned above, the topping method can also comprise the use of at least one second herbicide. The two herbicides used can be added to the same formulation or divided into two doses. Accordingly, the present invention provides a combination comprising saxedamine and a second herbicide. The combination can be a synergistic combination. In a particular embodiment, the E/Ee ratio is at least about 1.2, 1.5, 1.7, 1.9, 2.0, 2.5 or higher. Saxedamine A can be mixed with other herbicidal compounds or applied in turn for weed control purposes. The herbicidal compound has a good effect on grass but on cereal crops and/or Turfgrass and / or pasture and / or Timothy are non-toxic or low toxicity. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for controlling the growth of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and sedge weeds, which comprises applying a dose of sacrotomin and an amount of at least one of the weeds to the weeds. a second herbicide to control the growth of the weeds. The two herbicides can be applied in a single dose or divided into two doses. Sacdomin and the second herbicide can be applied to a cereal growth system (such as wheat, triticale, barley, oats, rye, corn, sorghum, sugar cane, rice or millet) and/or turfgrass growth systems and/or Forage growth system and / or Timothy growth system. In a specific synergistic combination, the combination can be sacdogin with acetic acid, sac domin and

Figure 1 shows the structure of Sacdomin A; Figure 2 shows the pre-emergence effect of MBI-005 + Manuka oil on crab grass.

Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, the present invention provides a range of values between the lower and lower limits of the range, to one tenth of the lower limit, and any other value referred to in the range or The value of the center is included in the scope of the present invention. Unless the specific limits are excluded from the ranges, the upper and lower limits included in the smaller ranges are also category. It is also within the scope of the invention to exclude a range of any of the included limits if the stated range includes one or two limits.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms and scientific terms used herein are intended to be understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the invention pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are as described herein.

Unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, it is to be understood that the singular forms include the reference to the plural forms as described in the specification and claims.

As defined herein, "control" means modifying and/or inhibiting the extent and/or rate of growth and/or growth of one or more weeds.

As defined herein, a "growth system" can be any ecosystem used to grow plants, including but not limited to cereals, pasture, Timothy, turfgrass, and non-weed aquatic plants. For example, the "grain growth system" may be a cereal growth culture, or may be a field for growing cereal crops or cereal seeds. Similarly, the "turfgrass growth system" can be a turfgrass growth culture or a grass or golf course that can be used to grow turfgrass or turfgrass seeds.

The saxedamine used can be obtained by fermenting the following actinomycete cultures: S. scabies - ATCC 49173, S. acidiscabies - ATCC 49003 and BL37-EQ-010; or commercially available.

The sacred sensitizers used include, but are not limited to, cyclic dipeptide substrates whose basic structure is cyclo-(L-4-nitrotryptamine decyl-L-phenylalanine oxime). In the examples, suitable diketone cyclic diamine acid moieties can be N-methylated and include congeners with amphetamine oxime alpha and a cyclic carbon hydroxyl group. In a particular embodiment, the chemical structure is:

Wherein R ₁ is methyl or H, R ₂ is hydroxy or H, R ₃ is methyl or H, R ₄ is hydroxy or H, R ₅ is hydroxy or H, R ₆ is hydroxy or H, and combinations thereof.

Non-limiting examples of suitable Sacdomin according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, Sacdomin A, Sacdomin A ortho isomer, SacDomin B, Sacdomin C, Hydroxysac Multi-Sensor C, Sac's susceptibility A para-isomer, hydroxysac susceptibility A and de-N-methyl-sax-doxin C and derivatives of either one (see Figure 1).

Composition

The composition of the invention can be sprayed onto plants or applied to the soil. Specific embodiments are described in the examples below. The form of such compositions may be dust, coarse dust, particulates, fines, wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, liquid formulations, suspension concentrates, water decomposable particles or suspended oils.

The composition of the present invention comprises a carrier and/or a diluent. As used herein, "carrier" means an inert organic or inorganic material used in admixture with or in combination with the active ingredient to facilitate application to plants or other objects to be treated, or for storage, transport and / or take it. Examples of diluents or carriers for herbicides prior to germination include, but are not limited to, water, milk, ethanol, mineral oil, glycerin.

The composition of the invention may comprise at least two herbicides. One of them is the above-mentioned Sac Domin. In one embodiment, the amount of saxedamine is from about 0.01 to about 5.0 mg/mL. Another herbicide can be a biological herbicide and/or a chemical herbicide. The biological herbicide may be taken from a plant or may be a microbial herbicide. The microbial herbicide may be derived from a bacterium (such as Streptomyces sp., Burkholderia sp., especially Burkholderia sp., or a fraction obtained therefrom, a surface layer, a filtrate or a compound such as WO/2011/106491 and PCT/US12/ The contents of the above case are as follows: The biological herbicide can be selected from the group consisting of clove, cinnamon, lemongrass, citrus oil, orange peel oil, tilapia, cornexistin , AAL toxin, fibrinone and other triketones (such as 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzylidene)cyclohexane-1,3-dione, tetramethylisobutyl fluorenyl ring Trimethyl ketone, grandiflorone, etc.), a pseudo-anthraquinone analog, in particular as described in U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 20110021358, which is hereby incorporated by reference, but which is incorporated herein by reference. Pyrrolidine, N-(decenyl)pyrrolidine, N-(indolyl)piperidine, N-(trans cinnamonyl)pyrrolidine, (2E,4Z-decadienyl)pyrrole Acridine, N-(decenyl) piperidine, (2E,4Z-decadienyl) piperidine, (2E,4Z-decadienyl)cyclohexamethyleneamine, N-(decene) Indenyl hexamethyleneamine, N-(indenyl) ring six Methylamine, dodecanoic acid, 2E-decenoic acid, crocetin B, scorpion ketone, ascaulatoxin, manuka oil, Phytophthora sojae, D-limonene, m-tyrosine, toxin, methyl Seed oil, chelated iron, acetic acid, and ascaulatoxin aglycone. In a particular embodiment, the composition may comprise saxophone, citronella oil, and optionally a surfactant and/or vegetable oil. In another embodiment, the composition may comprise saxedamine, fluorescein, and optionally a nonionic surfactant and/or vegetable oil. In another particular embodiment, the composition may comprise Sacradamine, bialaphos (also known as bialafos) and optionally nonionic surfactants and/or vegetable oils. The biological herbicides such as citronella oil, bilberry, manuka oil, Piper Sarmentosum pavilion base like an alkali Piper Sarmentosum kiosks, Burkholderia (of Burkholderia), in an amount up to about 100mg / mL is from about 0.01mg / mL, and preferably are from about 0.025mg / mL to about 50mg / mL.

Chemical herbicides can be selected from the following groups: 2,4-D, Acetochlor, Acifluorfen, Amicarbazone, Anilofos, Azov Asuram, Atrazine, Bensulfuron, Bentazone, Byspiribac-sodium, Carfentrazone, Chlorthiamid, Clomazone, Cyhalofop-butyl, Dicamba, Diclofop, Dithiopyr, Diuron, EPTC, Fenicide Fenoxaprop), Flumioxazin, Fluridone, Fluroxypyr, Fomesafen, Glufosinate, Glyphosate, Halosulfuron, Imazethapyr, Indazifam, Isoxaben, Linuron, MCPA (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) Acetic acid), MCPP, Mesotrione, Metolachlor, Metribuzin, MSMA, Napropamide, Nicosulfuron, Norflurazon , Oleic acid, Oryzalin, Oxadiazon, Oxyfluorfen, Quinclorac, Pelgargonic acid, Pendimethalin, flat speed Penoxulam, Picloram, Propanil, Pyrithrobac-sodium, Rimsulfuron, Saflufenacil, Sethoxydim, Grass Simazine, Sulcotrione, Thiazopyr, Thiencarbazone, Thiobencarb, Triclopyr, Trifluralin, Trifluridine Trioxysulfuron-sodium.

For example, the application amount of the chemical herbicide such as sputum or smear, atrazine, huangcaoxiao, safflower and modocin can be about 0.01 mg/mL to about 50 mg/mL in the application of pre-emergence weed control. Can be traced, Saifucao, Huangcaoxiao, Smodosaur, bispyribyl ether, Jia Phossein, solid grass, nitriceps Chemical herbicides such as ketone, flat-speed rotten, Kefancao, Kuikecao, trichloropyryl ester, trifluridinsulfuron sodium, chlorpyrifos, herbicide, 2,4-D, dicamba, etc. before or after germination The amount used may range from about 0.1 mg/mL to about 60 g ai/mL or from 0.03 kg ai/ha to 5.6 kg ai/ha. The composition may further comprise an adjuvant which may be a vegetable oil containing ethyl oleate, polyethylene dialkyl ester and nonylphenol ethanol ester. The composition may further comprise a surfactant to achieve emulsifying, dispersing, wetting, stretching, integrating, controlling disintegration, stabilizing the active ingredient, improving flowability or preventing rust. The dispersing agent and emulsifier may be selected as nonionic, anionic, amphoteric and cationic dispersing agents and emulsifiers, and the amount depends on the nature of the composition and the ability of the agent to promote dispersion of the herbicidal composition of the present invention.

When preparing a preparation for use after germination, the use component may include bentonite, attapulgite clay and thickeners such as swelling clay, xanthan gum, gum arabic and other polysaccharide thickeners, and, for example, nonionic surfactants. Equivalent dispersion stabilizers (for example, polyoxyethylene (20) monolaurate or polysorbate 60 POE (20) sorbitan monostearate, ethylene glycol monostearate). The clay content may be 0-2.5% w/w of the whole preparation, the polysaccharide thickener may comprise about 0-0.5% w/w of the whole preparation, and the surfactant may be about 0-5% w/w of the whole preparation. .

use

The above compounds, combinations and compositions can be used to control the germination and/or growth of various weeds, and thus can be applied before and after germination. The weeds may include, but are not limited to, Echinochloa phyllopogon , Echinochloa colona , Echinochloa oryzoides , Echinochloa crus-galli , Schoenoplectus spp., Heteranthera spp., Monochoria spp., Bacop a spp., Sagittaria spp., Oryza punctata, and Oryza sativa ( Weeds). The application of the present invention also includes the following objectives: Chenopodium sp. (such as Chenopodium album , Chenopodium murale ), Abutilon sp. (such as Abutilon theophrasti ), Helianthus sp. (such as Helianthus annuus), Ambrosia sp. (such as Ambrosia artemesifolia , Ambrosia trifida ) , Amaranthus sp. (eg Amaranthus retroflexus , Amaranthus palmeri , Amaranthus rudis , Amaranthus spinosus , Amaranthus tuberculatus ), Convolvulus sp. (eg Convolvulus arvensis) , Brassica sp. (eg Brassica kaber ), Taraxacum sp. (eg Taraxacum officinale ), Solanum Sp. (such as Solanum nigrum , Solanum elaeagnifolium , Solanum physalifolium , Solanum ptycanthum) , Malva sp. (such as Malva neglecta) , Setaria sp. (such as Setaria lutescens) , Bromus sp. (such as Bromus tectorum , Bromus diandrus , Bromus hordeaceus ), Poa sp. (eg Poa annua , Poa pratensis) , Lolium sp. (eg Lolium perenne , Lolium rigidum , Lolium multiflorum L. var . Pace), Festuca sp. (eg Festuca arundinaceae , Festuca rubra ), Echinochloa sp. (eg Echin) Ochloa crus-galli , Echinochloa colona) , especially 藜- Chenopodium album , Amaranthus retroflexus , Brassica kaber , Taraxacum officinale and Solanum nigrum , Oxalis sp. (eg Oxalis stricta , Oxalis pes) -caprae , Oxalis corniculata ); Cyperus sp. (eg Cyperus difformis ); Conyza sp. (eg Conyza canadensis , Conyza sumatrensis , Conyza bonariensis ); Sagina sp. (eg Sagina procumbens ); Veronica sp. (eg Veronica hederafolia ), Stellaria Sp. (eg Stellaria media ), Rorippa sp. (eg Rorippa islandica ), Senecio sp. (eg Senecio vulgaris ), Lamium sp. (eg Lamium amplexicaule ), Digitaria sp. (eg Digitaria sanguinalis , Digitaria ischaemum ), Galium sp. (eg Galium aparine ), Galinsoga sp. (eg Galinsoga aristatula ), Cardamine sp. (eg Cardamine flexuosa , Cardamine hirsuta ), Kochia sp. (eg Kochia scoparia ), Eleusine sp. (eg Eleusine indica ), Portulaca sp. Portulaca oleraceae ), Plantago sp. (eg Plantago lanceolata ) , Euphorbia sp. (such as Euphornia supina , Euphorbia maculate , Euphorbia esula , Euphorbia prostrata ), Erodium sp. (such as Erodium cicutarium ), Sonchus sp., (such as Sonchus oleraceus ), Lactuca sp. (such as Lactuca serriola ), Capsella sp. (eg Capsella bursa-pastoris ), Leptochloa sp. (eg Leptochloa fascicularis , Leptochloa virgata ), Raphanus sp. (e..g., Raphanus raphanistrum ), Calandrinia sp. (eg Calandrinia ciliata ), Paspalum sp. (eg Paspalum dilatatum) ), Gnaphalium sp., Cynodon sp. (eg Cynodon dactylon , Cynodon hirsutus) , Polygonum sp. (eg Polygonum arenastrum , Polygonum lapathofolium, ), Avena fatua , Hordeum sp. (eg Hordeum leporinum ), Urtica sp. (eg Urtica urens) ), Tribulus terrestris , Sisymbrium sp. (eg Sisymbrium irio ), Cenchrus sp., Salsola sp. (eg Salsola tragus , Salsola kali ), Amsinckia sp. (eg Amsinckia lycopsoides ), Ipomoea sp., Claytonia perfoliata , Polypogon sp. Such as Polypogon monspeliensis ), Xanthium sp., Hypochaeris ra Dicata , Physalis sp., Eragrostis sp., Verbascum sp., Chamomilla suaveolens , Centaurea sp. (eg Centaurea solstitialis ), Epilobium brachycarpum , Panicum sp. (eg Panicum capilare , Panicum dichotomiflorum ), Rumex acetosella , Eclipta sp. (eg Eclipta Alba , Eclipta prostrata ), Ludwigia sp., Urochloa sp. (eg. Urochloa platyphylla , Urochloa panicoides ), Leersia sp., Sesbania sp. ( Sesbania herbacea ), Rotala sp., Ammania sp., Alternathera philoxeroides , Commelina sp., Sorghum halepense , Parthenium hysterophorus , Chloris truncata .

Instance

The compositions and methods of the present invention will be further exemplified by the following non-limiting examples Bright. The examples are merely illustrative of various embodiments, and are not intended to limit the invention to the materials, conditions, weight ratios, processing parameters, and similar parameters described herein.

Example 1

Butler grass is derived from Streptomyces (Streptomecyes) genus, and their synthesis Solid herbicidal active ingredient (glufosinate) on the market in the name 200 of the marketing Rely ^® (Bayer CropScience, Research Triangle Park, NC). Bila grass has a non-selective property and inhibits the activity of the glutamine amine complex, which is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of amino acid glutamine.

Various concentrations of MBI-005 and Bila grass were prepared, either as MBI-005 alone or in combination with Pella. Various treatment solvents were sprayed on valerian or sedge in an amount of about 2/3 ml per part using a hand-held nozzle. Three treatments were prepared for each treatment, randomly placed after spraying, and placed in a greenhouse at 25 ° C to evaluate phytotoxicity (% compared with the control group).

When MBI-005 is mixed with Pella, the benefits are several times greater than when used alone (see Tables 3, 4 and 5). When the mixture ratio is increased, 100% control can be achieved (Table 6). Synergistic effect was obtained when 0.178 mg/mL of bilapi was mixed with 0.25 mg/mL of MBI-005. When used alone, the control rate was only 10%, and when the amount of bilapi was increased to nearly 1.0 mg/mL. Approximately 42% of the control can be achieved (Table 4).

* Each column is marked with the same letter indicating that it is statistically the same as LSD at p=0.05.

# synergy is calculated by the Colby formula (Colby, 1967. Weeds 15:20-22): Ee=X+Y-(XY/100) (where E is the effect observed by product A+B, Ee is the expected utility of A+B, and X and Y are the effects when product A or B is used alone. If E/Ee<1, it means that the combination produces antagonism; if E/Ee=1, it means that the combination has additive If it is E; Ee>1, it means that the combination has a synergistic effect).

Table 5: Bila Grass, MBI-005 (Sacdomin A), Bila Grass and MBI-005

* The treatment of each column in Tables 4 and 5 indicates that the same letter indicates that it is statistically the same as the LSD at p=0.05.

Example 2

To further clarify the pre-emergence activity range, tests were performed under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. In a laboratory test, place 35 seeds on a piece of absorbent paper in a 3 cm dish and add 4 ml of MBI-005 ( 0.1 mg MBI-005/ml). Water was used as the negative control group, and Oryzalin was the positive control group. The culture dishes were randomly placed in a growth chamber at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%. Each treatment was repeated in triplicate, and the number of germinated seeds was counted on the 7th and 14th day after application; water was added as needed to maintain the humidity in the culture dish.

In the field test, 38.2 liters of MBI-005 per hectare was sprayed onto the soil containing weed seeds using a CO2 sprayer equipped with a flat fan-shaped spray head at a spray volume of 280 liters per hectare. Each treatment, including the water in the negative control group and the Gallery in the positive control group, was repeated four times and administered twice during the four weeks. The percentage of coverage of each treatment was visually evaluated and the fresh weight of the ground portion of each container was measured.

The results in Table 6 show that each year's grasses and broadleaf grasses have different effects, Some perennial people also have an impact. The results of the eight-day field experiment also showed that the soil remained ineffective.

Key - Table 6A

Example 3: Further study on the post-emergence effect of MBI-005

To further clarify the post-emergence activity range, tests were performed under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. In the laboratory test, 3-10 plants of 1-2 leaf stage (depending on the variety) were planted in a 2.5 cm square box containing Sunshine Mix No. 2 seedling soil, using a box-type track sprayer. Spray 1 mg MBI-005/mL at a rate of 40 gal/A. The negative control group was sprayed with water, and the positive control group was sprayed with solid grass. The culture tanks were randomly placed in a growth chamber at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%, and watered as needed. Each treatment was repeated in five replicates and visually assessed for damage on days 7 and 14; 0% means no damage and 100% means plant death.

In the field test, 38.2 liters of MBI-005 per hectare was sprayed onto the soil containing 1-5 leaf stage weeds at a spray volume of 374 liters per hectare. Each treatment, including water in the negative control group and WeedBGon or Preen Broadleaf in the positive control group, was repeated four times and administered twice during the four weeks. The positive control group on Late watergrass, Ricefield Bulrush, Smallflower sedge and Arrowhead was a herbicide containing the active ingredient 2,4-D, and an organic quinone surfactant was added to MBI-005. Assess the percentage of control and the percentage of ground coverage for each treatment.

The results of Table 7 show good (80 to 100% control) post-emergence activity on many annual broadleaf weeds and sedges, with limited efficacy for annual weeds, but the addition of surfactants can increase . As for the control effect of perennial weeds after germination, except Oxalis Beyond pes-caprae, it is generally limited.

Key - Table 7A

Example 4: Synergistic effect of MBI-005+ Manuka oil on the sprouting of crab grass

The synergistic effect of MBI-005 and Manuka oil (containing fibrinone and other triketones) on the seed germination of crab grass was evaluated by laboratory experiments. Place 35 seeds on a circle of absorbent paper in a 3 cm dish, cover 10 cubic centimeters of inert dry clay granule medium and add 7 ml of 0.035 mg/ml MBI-005, Manuka oil concentrate or MBI-005 Composition with Manuka oil (Figure 2). Water was used as a negative control group. The culture dishes were randomly placed in a growth chamber at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%.

Each treatment was repeated in triplicate and the number of germinated seeds was counted on the 7th day after application; water was added as needed to maintain the humidity in the culture dish.

MBI-005 synergizes with Manuka oil at 0.003% v/v. MBI-005 and Manuka oil have a weak synergy at 0.01% v/v. The synergy is calculated as the ratio of observation (E) to expected (E/Ee) germination reduction using the Colby formula. The results are shown in Figure 2.

Example: Synergistic effect of 5:00-5+ tyrosine on pre-emergence crab grass

The synergistic effect of MBI-005 and m-tyrosine on the seed germination of crab grass was evaluated by laboratory experiments. Place 45 seeds on a circle of absorbent paper in a 3 cm dish, cover 10 cubic centimeters of inert dry clay granule medium and add 7 ml of 0.035 mg/ml MBI-005, m-tyrosine concentrate or MBI-005. Combination of m-tyrosine (Table 14). Water was used as a negative control group. The culture dishes were randomly placed in a growth chamber at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%. Petri dishes. Each treatment was repeated in triplicate, and the number of germinated seeds was counted on the 7th day after application; water was added as needed to maintain the humidity in the Petri dish.

The synergistic effect of MBI-005 with m-tyrosine occurred at 0.44 mg/mL, but there was no synergistic effect between MBI-005 and m-tyrosine at 22 mg/mL. The synergy is calculated as the ratio of observation (E) to expected (E/Ee) germination reduction using the Colby formula.

Example 9: Synergistic effect of MBI-005+ chelated iron on crab grass after germination

The post-emergence synergistic effect of MBI-005 and chelated iron on 1-2 leaf stage crab grass was evaluated in laboratory experiments. 10 plants planted in 2.5 cm of plant-grown mixed culture soil The seedlings in the box were sprayed with two suboptimal MBI-005 ratios, 14.49 mg/mL of chelated iron, or a combination thereof at a rate of 40 gal/A using a box track sprayer. The negative control group was sprayed with water. The culture tanks were randomly placed in a growth chamber at a temperature of 25 ° C and a relative humidity of 50%, and watered as needed. Each treatment was repeated five times, and the damage was visually assessed on days 7 and 15; 0% means no damage and 100% means plant death.

The combination of MBI-005 and chelated iron produced substantial synergistic effects at both MBI-005 concentrations. The synergy is calculated as the ratio of observation (E) to expected (E/Ee) germination reduction using the Colby formula.

The present invention is described with reference to the specific embodiments described above, but the details are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

The documents referred to in this specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

references:

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Claims (14)

A method for controlling weed growth, comprising applying to the weed or soil a amount of Thaxtomin sufficient to effectively control weed growth, wherein the weed is: (a) One of the genus listed in 1; or (b) one of those listed in Table 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the satoxin is applied before and/or after the weed is sprouted. A use of sacrotomin for controlling the growth or germination of weeds, wherein the weeds are ones listed in Table 1 or listed in Table 2. A herbicide composition comprising at least two herbicides, wherein a first herbicide is Thaxtomin and a second herbicide is: (a) a biological herbicide, wherein the biological weeding The agent is selected from the group consisting of bialaphos, sarmentine analogs, manuka oil, m-tyrosine, Phoma macrostoma , chelation Iron and a microbial herbicide; or (b) a chemical herbicide, wherein the chemical herbicide is selected from the group consisting of: Amicarbazone, Glufosinate, and Coca-Cola ( Chlorthiamid), 2,4-D, Triclopyr, Linuron, Flumioxazin, Fluridone, MCPP, Asulam, Sulfate Sulcotrione, Simazine, Thiazopyr, Isoxaben, Norflurazon, Napropamide, Indazifam , EPTC, Fomesafen, Thiencarbazone, Metolachlor, Acetochlor, Pyrimidine Thioether (Pyrithrobac-sodium), picloram (Picloram), oleic acid, trifloxysulfuron sodium MCPA, chlorofluorocarbons ratio (Fluroxypyr). The herbicide composition of claim 4, wherein the composition comprises sacdomin and a biological herbicide, the biological herbicide being selected from the group consisting of bialaphos, Manuka oil, m-tyrosine and chelated iron. A herbicidal composition according to claim 4, wherein the composition comprises sacdogin and geranium. The composition of claim 4, wherein the composition is a synergistic combination. The composition of claim 9, wherein the composition is a compound. A method for controlling weed growth or germination comprising applying to the weed or soil a composition sufficient to effectively control weed growth or germination as in claim 4 of the scope of the patent application. The method of claim 1 or 4 wherein the weeds are controlled in a growth system. The method of claim 1 or 9, wherein the weeds are selectively controlled in a growth system without causing serious damage to non-weed plants in the growth system. The method of claim 1 or 9, wherein the growth system is a cereal growth system, a rice growth system, a timothy grass or a turfgrass growth system. A use of a saxedamine for the manufacture of a composition for controlling the growth of one or more weeds in a growth system, wherein the weeds are: (a) one of the genus listed in Table 1; or (b) One of the items listed in Table 2. For example, the method of claim 1 or 9 of the patent application, such as the composition of claim 4, or the use of the scope of claim 3 or 14, wherein the Saqdamine has the following composition: Wherein R ₁ is methyl or H, R ₂ is hydroxy or H, R ₃ is methyl or H, R ₄ is hydroxy or H, R ₅ is hydroxy or H, R ₆ is hydroxy or H, and combinations thereof.