TW201309920A - Low profile cooling fan - Google Patents
Low profile cooling fan Download PDFInfo
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- TW201309920A TW201309920A TW100130036A TW100130036A TW201309920A TW 201309920 A TW201309920 A TW 201309920A TW 100130036 A TW100130036 A TW 100130036A TW 100130036 A TW100130036 A TW 100130036A TW 201309920 A TW201309920 A TW 201309920A
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- fan
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- blades
- connecting portion
- blade
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
- F04D17/16—Centrifugal pumps for displacing without appreciable compression
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
- F04D25/0606—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump
- F04D25/0613—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven the electric motor being specially adapted for integration in the pump the electric motor being of the inside-out type, i.e. the rotor is arranged radially outside a central stator
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本發明涉及風扇裝置，特別係一種應用於電子產品散熱的薄型風扇。The present invention relates to a fan device, and more particularly to a thin fan for heat dissipation of electronic products.
在電子產品性能日益提升的情況下，大量的熱量也伴隨而生。散熱風扇係常被用於輔助散熱的部件。In the case of increasing performance of electronic products, a large amount of heat has also been born. Cooling fans are often used to assist in heat dissipation.
另一方面，電子產品有尺寸逐漸縮小、重量變輕的趨勢，而其厚度更日益趨向薄形化，例如筆記本電腦。為了滿足薄型化電子產品的需求，風扇也必須朝向薄型化發展。On the other hand, electronic products have a tendency to gradually shrink in size and lighter in weight, and their thickness is increasingly thinner, such as notebook computers. In order to meet the demand for thin electronic products, fans must also be oriented toward thinner.
薄型風扇一般包括扇框和收容於扇框內的扇葉，所述扇框包括上蓋、下蓋及連接上蓋與下蓋的側壁。在該空間有限的薄型架構下，如何克服流體阻抗、提高空氣流動性、保證薄型風扇的散熱效能成為新的挑戰。傳統的薄型風扇採用塑膠扇葉，由於塑膠扇葉採取出射成型，成型後的扇葉厚度至少大於0.6毫米，一般為0.8毫米。由於扇葉較厚，其一定程度上限制薄型風扇的散熱性能，其次，長時間旋轉及高溫環境下，塑膠扇葉易產生形變，可能會造成扇葉與上蓋之間的干涉，影響薄型風扇的運轉，若採取傳統的減少扇葉高度以避免干涉的方法，則會進一步削弱薄型風扇的散熱性能。因此，有必要提供一種結構合理穩定、散熱效能高的薄型風扇。The thin fan generally includes a fan frame and a fan blade received in the fan frame, and the fan frame includes an upper cover, a lower cover, and a side wall connecting the upper cover and the lower cover. Under the thin structure with limited space, how to overcome the fluid impedance, improve the air mobility, and ensure the heat dissipation performance of the thin fan becomes a new challenge. The traditional thin fan uses a plastic fan blade. Since the plastic fan blade is formed by injection, the thickness of the fan blade after molding is at least greater than 0.6 mm, generally 0.8 mm. Due to the thicker blade, it limits the heat dissipation performance of the thin fan to some extent. Secondly, the plastic fan blade is prone to deformation under long-term rotation and high temperature environment, which may cause interference between the fan blade and the upper cover, affecting the thin fan. Operation, if the traditional method of reducing the blade height to avoid interference, will further weaken the heat dissipation performance of the thin fan. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a thin fan with a reasonable structure and high heat dissipation performance.
有鑒於此，有必要提供一種結構合理穩定、散熱效能高的薄型風扇。In view of this, it is necessary to provide a thin fan with a reasonable structure and high heat dissipation performance.
一種薄型風扇，包括扇框及收容於扇框中的扇葉，所述扇葉包括輪轂、環設於輪轂周圍的葉環結構及卡置在該葉環結構上的複數葉片，該複數葉片由鎂鋁合金製成。A thin fan includes a fan frame and a fan blade received in the fan frame, the blade includes a hub, a leaf ring structure disposed around the hub, and a plurality of blades mounted on the leaf ring structure, the plurality of blades being Made of magnesium alloy.
與先前技術相比，上述薄型風扇的扇葉由鎂鋁合金製成，其厚度大大變薄，使該薄型風扇具備更大的進氣空間，擁有更多的風流量，從而保證薄型風扇的散熱效能；同時，由於扇葉厚度變薄，扇葉的整體體積減小，相較先前塑膠扇葉而言重量有所降低；再者，由於鎂鋁合金扇葉具備較優的材質特性，扇葉應力得到提升，不易發生形變，避免扇葉與上蓋之間發生干涉，從而改善薄型風扇的穩定性。Compared with the prior art, the fan blade of the above-mentioned thin fan is made of magnesium-aluminum alloy, and the thickness thereof is greatly thinned, so that the thin fan has a larger air intake space and has more air flow, thereby ensuring heat dissipation of the thin fan. At the same time, due to the thinner blade thickness, the overall volume of the fan blade is reduced, and the weight is lower than that of the previous plastic blade; in addition, since the magnesium alloy blade has superior material properties, the blade The stress is improved, deformation is not easy, and interference between the fan blade and the upper cover is avoided, thereby improving the stability of the thin fan.
請參閱圖1和圖2，本發明一實施例的薄型風扇100包括一扇框10及收容於該扇框10內的一扇葉20。該薄型風扇100卡置固定在相關電子裝置（圖未示）上，以協助電子裝置散發熱量。Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , a thin fan 100 according to an embodiment of the invention includes a fan frame 10 and a blade 20 received in the fan frame 10 . The thin fan 100 is fixedly attached to an associated electronic device (not shown) to assist the electronic device in dissipating heat.
請同時參閱圖3和圖4，該扇框10包括上蓋11、下蓋12、連接於該上蓋11和下蓋12之間的渦形側壁13及由渦形側壁13側緣延伸出的連接部14。該側壁13自該上蓋11的外周緣向下一體延伸成型，該上蓋11、下蓋12、側壁13及連接部14合圍形成收容該扇葉20的一收容空間15。Referring to FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 simultaneously, the frame 10 includes an upper cover 11, a lower cover 12, a scroll side wall 13 connected between the upper cover 11 and the lower cover 12, and a connecting portion extending from a side edge of the scroll side wall 13. 14. The side wall 13 is integrally extended downward from the outer periphery of the upper cover 11. The upper cover 11, the lower cover 12, the side wall 13 and the connecting portion 14 are formed to define a receiving space 15 for receiving the blade 20.
具體的，該上蓋11、下蓋12均呈平板狀且相對設置。該上蓋11的中央設有一圓形的入風口111，用以引導吸收冷空氣。Specifically, the upper cover 11 and the lower cover 12 are flat and oppositely disposed. The center of the upper cover 11 is provided with a circular air inlet 111 for guiding the absorption of cold air.
該側壁13為一半封閉的結構，其包括一弧形的本體131及分別從本體131的兩末端向外延伸的一第一側板132和一第二側板133。所述第一側板132和第二側板133均呈平板型，且相互平行。該第一側板132和該第二側板133的遠離弧形本體131的一端形成一矩形的出風口134。The side wall 13 is a semi-closed structure, and includes an arc-shaped body 131 and a first side plate 132 and a second side plate 133 extending outward from both ends of the body 131, respectively. The first side plate 132 and the second side plate 133 are both flat and parallel to each other. The first side plate 132 and one end of the second side plate 133 away from the curved body 131 form a rectangular air outlet 134.
該連接部14自該側壁13下緣垂直向外水平延伸形成。所述連接部14對應該本體131的兩末端的位置設有兩第一凸耳141，每一第一凸耳141包括一圓形穿孔142。藉由貫穿圓形穿孔142的連接件(圖未示)即可配合連接所述上蓋11和下蓋12，後續再固定在相關電子裝置（圖未示）上。該連接部14還可包括複數向下延伸的卡扣143，從而可利用卡扣143將薄型風扇100卡置固定在相關電子裝置（圖未示）上。The connecting portion 14 is formed to extend horizontally perpendicularly from the lower edge of the side wall 13. The connecting portion 14 is provided with two first lugs 141 corresponding to the two ends of the body 131, and each of the first lugs 141 includes a circular through hole 142. The upper cover 11 and the lower cover 12 can be mated by a connecting member (not shown) extending through the circular through hole 142, and then fixed to an associated electronic device (not shown). The connecting portion 14 can also include a plurality of downwardly extending buckles 143 so that the thin fan 100 can be snapped onto the associated electronic device (not shown) by the buckle 143.
該下蓋12呈平板狀，該下蓋12對應上蓋11入風口111處設有一承載部121。該承載部121中部凸設一中心柱122，用以固定配合該下蓋12與該扇葉20之間的連接。所述下蓋12對應兩第一凸耳141的位置設有兩第二凸耳123，每一第二凸耳123包括一圓形穿孔124。該第二凸耳123可與該第一凸耳141相互配合以經由貫穿圓形穿孔124、142的連接件連接固定上蓋11和下蓋12。該下蓋12週邊對應連接部14複數卡扣143的位置開設複數凹槽125，用以與該複數卡扣143配合將該薄型風扇100卡置固定在相關電子裝置上。The lower cover 12 has a flat shape, and the lower cover 12 is provided with a bearing portion 121 corresponding to the air inlet 111 of the upper cover 11. A central column 122 is protruded from the middle of the bearing portion 121 for fixing the connection between the lower cover 12 and the blade 20. The second cover 12 is provided with two second lugs 123 corresponding to the positions of the two first lugs 141 , and each of the second lugs 123 includes a circular through hole 124 . The second lug 123 can cooperate with the first lug 141 to connect and fix the upper cover 11 and the lower cover 12 via a connecting member penetrating the circular through holes 124, 142. A plurality of recesses 125 are defined in the periphery of the lower cover 12 corresponding to the plurality of latches 143 of the connecting portion 14 for engaging the plurality of latches 143 to fix the thin fan 100 to the associated electronic device.
該扇葉20包括輪轂21、環設於輪轂21周圍的葉環結構22及設置在該葉環結構22上的複數葉片23。The blade 20 includes a hub 21, a leaf ring structure 22 looped around the hub 21, and a plurality of blades 23 disposed on the leaf ring structure 22.
具體的，所述輪轂21呈筒狀，其包括一頂壁211和自頂壁211垂直向下延伸的一環形側壁212，所述頂壁211的外徑略小於該環形側壁212的外徑。該輪轂的頂壁211內側向下垂直凸伸一軸心213。該輪轂21內側設有轉軸（圖未示）及相關電路裝置（圖未示），該軸心213與所述轉軸（圖未示）連接配合，從而所述輪轂21可在轉軸帶動下轉動。Specifically, the hub 21 has a cylindrical shape, and includes a top wall 211 and an annular sidewall 212 extending vertically downward from the top wall 211. The outer diameter of the top wall 211 is slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the annular sidewall 212. An inner side of the top wall 211 of the hub protrudes downwardly from an axis 213. The inner side of the hub 21 is provided with a rotating shaft (not shown) and associated circuit means (not shown). The shaft center 213 is coupled with the rotating shaft (not shown) so that the hub 21 can be rotated by the rotating shaft.
該葉環結構22環設於所述輪轂21週邊，其包括一本體部221、一卡置環222及連接該本體部221與卡置環222的複數連接片223。該本體部221呈圓環狀，且其半徑沿所述環形側壁212的延伸方向逐漸增大。該本體部221與所述輪轂21頂壁211週邊及環形側壁212週邊均貼合設置，用以後續配合葉環結構22的旋轉。所述複數連接片223設於該葉環結構22的本體部221週邊並呈放射狀向外延伸。所述卡置環222呈環形圓片狀，其形成於該複數連接片223的遠離本體部221的末端，用於承載所述複數葉片23。The leaf ring structure 22 is disposed around the periphery of the hub 21 and includes a body portion 221 , a latching ring 222 , and a plurality of connecting pieces 223 connecting the body portion 221 and the latching ring 222 . The body portion 221 has an annular shape, and its radius gradually increases along the extending direction of the annular side wall 212. The body portion 221 is disposed on the periphery of the top wall 211 of the hub 21 and the periphery of the annular sidewall 212 for subsequent rotation of the leaf ring structure 22 . The plurality of connecting pieces 223 are disposed around the body portion 221 of the leaf ring structure 22 and extend radially outward. The snap ring 222 has an annular disc shape and is formed at an end of the plurality of connecting pieces 223 away from the body portion 221 for carrying the plurality of blades 23 .
所述複數葉片23呈彎曲形片狀，每一葉片23靠近該卡置環222的一側均開設有定位槽231。組裝時，該複數定位槽231嵌套在卡置環222上，從而使卡置環222穿設過葉片23的定位槽231而固定該複數葉片23。The plurality of blades 23 are formed in a curved shape, and a positioning groove 231 is defined in a side of each of the blades 23 adjacent to the locking ring 222. During assembly, the plurality of positioning grooves 231 are nested on the snap ring 222 such that the snap ring 222 passes through the positioning groove 231 of the blade 23 to fix the plurality of blades 23.
工作時，外部冷空氣由入風口111進入扇框10內，在扇葉20的高速旋轉的作用下形成氣流從該出風口134向外吹出。During operation, the external cold air enters the fan frame 10 through the air inlet 111, and the airflow is formed to be blown outward from the air outlet 134 by the high-speed rotation of the blade 20.
本發明中採取鎂鋁合金製作扇葉20。相較於0.6mm以上的塑膠葉片厚度，鎂鋁合金葉片厚度可減少至0.5mm以內，較優的，本實施例中該鎂鋁合金葉片的厚度為0.3mm，大大降低了葉片的厚度，使該薄型風扇擁有更多的進氣空間，具備更大的風流量，由於葉片厚度變薄，可設置更多數量的葉片，從而保證薄型風扇的散熱效能。請參閱圖5及表1，其中，圖中上端曲線為鎂鋁合金扇葉的曲線示意圖，下端曲線為塑膠扇葉的曲線示意圖，相較塑膠扇葉而言，相同轉速下，鎂鋁合金扇葉的風流量提升15%，氣壓提升40%。In the present invention, the blade 20 is made of magnesium alloy. Compared with the thickness of the plastic blade of 0.6 mm or more, the thickness of the magnesium aluminum alloy blade can be reduced to less than 0.5 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the magnesium aluminum alloy blade in the embodiment is 0.3 mm, which greatly reduces the thickness of the blade. The thin fan has more air intake space and a larger air flow. Due to the thinner blade thickness, a larger number of blades can be provided to ensure the heat dissipation performance of the thin fan. Please refer to Figure 5 and Table 1, in which the upper end curve is a schematic diagram of the magnesium alloy fan blade, and the lower end curve is a curve diagram of the plastic fan blade. Compared with the plastic fan blade, the magnesium alloy fan at the same rotation speed Leaf air flow increased by 15% and air pressure increased by 40%.
表1Table 1
其次，一般而言塑膠扇葉的材質密度為1.65g/cm3，鎂鋁合金扇葉的材質密度為1.81g/cm3，總體而言，鎂鋁合金扇葉的材質密度更大一些，但由於鎂鋁合金扇葉更薄，使得扇葉鎂鋁合金不僅體積更小，而且相較於塑膠扇葉的重量也有所減少。Secondly, in general, the material density of the plastic fan blade is 1.65 g/cm3, and the material density of the magnesium alloy fan blade is 1.81 g/cm3. In general, the material density of the magnesium alloy fan blade is larger, but due to magnesium The thinner aluminum alloy blades make the fan-leaf magnesium alloy not only smaller, but also less than the weight of the plastic blades.
再者，鎂鋁合金扇葉具有優良的材質特性，其應力強度相對較高，不易發生形變，可避免扇葉與薄型風扇上蓋之間的干涉，風扇運轉時，其噪音也有所降低，從而改善薄型風扇的穩定性。Furthermore, the magnesium-aluminum alloy blade has excellent material properties, the stress intensity is relatively high, and deformation is not easy, and the interference between the fan blade and the upper cover of the thin fan can be avoided, and the noise is also reduced when the fan is operated, thereby improving The stability of the thin fan.
綜上所述，本發明符合發明專利要件，爰依法提出專利申請。惟，以上所述者僅為本發明之較佳實施例，舉凡熟悉本案技藝之人士，在爰依本發明精神所作之等效修飾或變化，皆應涵蓋於以下之申請專利範圍內。In summary, the present invention complies with the requirements of the invention patent and submits a patent application according to law. The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and equivalent modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art will be included in the following claims.
100．．．薄型風扇100. . . Thin fan
10．．．扇框10. . . Fan frame
20．．．扇葉20. . . Fan blade
11．．．上蓋11. . . Upper cover
12．．．下蓋12. . . lower lid
13．．．側壁13. . . Side wall
14．．．連接部14. . . Connection
15．．．收容空間15. . . Containing space
111．．．入風口111. . . Air inlet
131．．．本體131. . . Ontology
132．．．第一側板132. . . First side panel
133．．．第二側板133. . . Second side panel
134．．．出風口134. . . Air outlet
141．．．第一凸耳141. . . First lug
142、124．．．穿孔142, 124. . . perforation
143．．．卡扣143. . . Buckle
121．．．承載部121. . . Carrying part
122．．．中心柱122. . . Center column
123．．．第二凸耳123. . . Second lug
125．．．凹槽125. . . Groove
21．．．輪轂twenty one. . . Wheel hub
22．．．葉環結構twenty two. . . Leaf ring structure
23．．．葉片twenty three. . . blade
211．．．頂壁211. . . Top wall
212．．．環形側壁212. . . Annular side wall
213．．．軸心213. . . Axis
221．．．本體部221. . . Body part
222．．．卡置環222. . . Card ring
223．．．連接片223. . . Connecting piece
231．．．定位槽231. . . Positioning slot
圖1係本發明一實施方式的薄型風扇的立體組裝圖。Fig. 1 is a perspective assembled view of a thin fan according to an embodiment of the present invention.
圖2係圖1所示薄型風扇另一角度的立體組裝圖。2 is an assembled, isometric view of the thin fan of FIG. 1 at another angle.
圖3係圖1中所示薄型風扇的立體分解圖。Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of the thin fan shown in Figure 1.
圖4係圖3中所示薄型風扇另一角度的立體分解圖。Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the thin fan shown in Figure 3 at another angle.
圖5為圖1中所示薄型風扇的性能曲線圖。Fig. 5 is a graph showing the performance of the thin fan shown in Fig. 1.
100．．．薄型風扇100. . . Thin fan
10．．．扇框10. . . Fan frame
20．．．扇葉20. . . Fan blade
11．．．上蓋11. . . Upper cover
12．．．下蓋12. . . lower lid
13．．．側壁13. . . Side wall
14．．．連接部14. . . Connection
15．．．收容空間15. . . Containing space
111．．．入風口111. . . Air inlet
131．．．本體131. . . Ontology
132．．．第一側板132. . . First side panel
133．．．第二側板133. . . Second side panel
134．．．出風口134. . . Air outlet
141．．．第一凸耳141. . . First lug
142．．．穿孔142. . . perforation
143．．．卡扣143. . . Buckle
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW100130036A TWI563180B (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2011-08-22 | Low profile cooling fan |
| US13/241,280 US20130052001A1 (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2011-09-23 | Centrifugal blower |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW100130036A TWI563180B (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2011-08-22 | Low profile cooling fan |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW201309920A true TW201309920A (en) | 2013-03-01 |
| TWI563180B TWI563180B (en) | 2016-12-21 |
Family
ID=47744000
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW100130036A TWI563180B (en) | 2011-08-22 | 2011-08-22 | Low profile cooling fan |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20130052001A1 (en) |
| TW (1) | TWI563180B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113374736A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-10 | 神讯电脑(昆山)有限公司 | Anti-falling fan strengthening structure |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI607154B (en) * | 2012-05-21 | 2017-12-01 | 鴻準精密工業股份有限公司 | Fan |
| US9989066B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2018-06-05 | Mahle International Gmbh | Low power and low noise fan-scroll with multiple split incoming air-streams |
| US20180266441A1 (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2018-09-20 | Asia Vital Components (China) Co., Ltd. | Fan impeller structure |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6847671B1 (en) * | 2000-03-29 | 2005-01-25 | Lambda Physik Ag | Blower for gas laser |
| US6568907B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2003-05-27 | Sunonwealth Electric Machine Industry Co., Ltd. | Impeller structure |
| US7364411B2 (en) * | 2003-04-14 | 2008-04-29 | Nidec Corporation | Fan impeller and fan motor |
| US8202055B2 (en) * | 2004-05-07 | 2012-06-19 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Fan and impeller |
| US7607886B2 (en) * | 2004-05-19 | 2009-10-27 | Delta Electronics, Inc. | Heat-dissipating device |
| JP4461484B2 (en) * | 2004-12-10 | 2010-05-12 | 東芝ホームテクノ株式会社 | Fan motor |
| CN2851662Y (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2006-12-27 | 金亿翔企业股份有限公司 | Multi-blade or cross-flow type blowing element with blade anti-falling function |
| US20070140842A1 (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2007-06-21 | Hill Charles C | High efficiency fluid movers |
| KR101392784B1 (en) * | 2008-09-19 | 2014-05-09 | 삼성전자주식회사 | centrifugal fan |
| CN102108973B (en) * | 2009-12-25 | 2015-05-13 | 台达电子工业股份有限公司 | Radiation system and fan thereof |
| TWI548814B (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-09-11 | 鴻準精密工業股份有限公司 | Low profile cooling fan |
-
2011
- 2011-08-22 TW TW100130036A patent/TWI563180B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2011-09-23 US US13/241,280 patent/US20130052001A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113374736A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-09-10 | 神讯电脑(昆山)有限公司 | Anti-falling fan strengthening structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20130052001A1 (en) | 2013-02-28 |
| TWI563180B (en) | 2016-12-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |