TW201306920A - CO2 capture with carbonate looping - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention pertains a system for CO2 capturing in a gas turbine based power generation system 1 comprising a combined cycle power plant 2 and a carbonate looping unit 3 wherein the carbonate looping unit 3. Also a method for capturing CO2 in the gas turbine power generation system, comprising bringing the flue gas comprising CO2 into contact with solid material able to capture the CO2 present in the flue gas, such that metal carbonate is formed by carbonation; followed by release of the CO2 by decarbonation at elevated temperature.

Description

Capture with carbon dioxide in the cesium carbonate cycle

The present invention relates to CO ₂ capture in a gas turbine based power plant in which one of the cesium carbonate cycle procedures has been connected.

One of the general objectives of capturing CO ₂ in gases produced in gas turbine based power generation systems is to make the program more environmentally friendly and reduce global warming effects. The captured CO ₂ can then be compressed and transported for storage in a suitable location, for example, in a deep geological formation of deep sea masses. There are several known techniques for removing CO ₂ from the flue gas produced, such as by absorption, adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic separation.

When generating electricity in gas turbine-based power generation including a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) and a unit for carbon capture and storage (CCS), the most common way to capture CO ₂ is by so-called wet chemistry. The CO ₂ gas is captured by adsorption into one of chemical or physical solvents in an aqueous solution. This procedure is captured after a wet chemical burn in a CCPP.

However, there is one objective improvement CO.'S ₂ capture process, to reduce the amount of time This is because, when captured and removed gas is input into the system as compared to the efforts of CO.'S _2. In a conventional CCPP, the concentration of CO ₂ is usually only about 4% by volume. Capturing unit ₂ for the costs for a conventional fossil having an opposite other types of high CO ₂ concentration of the power plant fuel (e.g., coal-fired power plant) of CO by the CO ₂ capture unit CCPP per kg of CO ₂ captured than Higher and consume more energy. In addition, the methods previously used require regeneration of the components included, such as solvents. These regeneration procedures are time consuming and energy intensive. Therefore, the overall energy production of the system is reduced.

A procedure for capturing CO ₂ by a dry procedure is known from EP 1199444 A1. The procedure described herein is also known as the cesium carbonate cycle procedure. However, the procedures set forth herein are used to capture CO ₂ produced in a power plant coupled to a coal fuel power plant.

In accordance with the aspects illustrated herein, a system for CO ₂ capture and a method are provided for reducing the energy consumption of a gas turbine based power generation system.

According to the aspect illustrated herein, a system for CO ₂ capture in a gas turbine based power generation system is provided, the system comprising: a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) comprising one or more gas turbines; a cesium carbonate cycle unit for CO ₂ capture, comprising a first reactor comprising a solid material capable of capturing CO ₂ present in a flue gas comprising CO ₂ to form a metal cesium carbonate by carbonization; a second reactor, which is configured to be elevated by the temperature of the metal carbonate Salt Salt decarboxylation released CO _2.

A gas turbine-based power generation system comprising a cesium carbonate cycle unit for CO ₂ capture as set forth herein further includes a heat recovery system generator (HRGS) configurable downstream of the first reactor 20 to receive and recover heat therefrom ).

According to an embodiment, a gas turbine based power generation system may also include a heat recovery system generator (HRGS) disposed downstream of one of the CCPP gas turbines to receive and recover heat therefrom. The system may also be configured to be configured as appropriate One of the downstream of the HRGS is flue gas recirculation (FGR).

Further, for the CO ₂ capture system may be configured to receive and contain one of the heat recovery system recovering heat from the first reactor generator (HRGS). This is advantageous because the reaction occurring in the first reactor is exothermic and should be maintained at a constant temperature between 400 °C and 800 °C. Thus, additional steam is generated that can be used for various applications of power generation, for example, a heat recovery system generator (HRSG). The steam can also be used to heat the O ₂ gas introduced into the second reactor.

For capture of CO ₂ also includes a system in which after cooling the _second flow of the second portion of the CO from the reactor is recycled to the inlet of the gas turbine power generation system component.

O ₂ (if present) can be reused in the gas turbine power generation system by recirculating the CO ₂ stream. Another advantage reached by the CO ₂ stream based recycle partial pressure is preferably increased to increase the positive level of the best one in a first reactor operating under atmospheric conditions of CO _2.

Furthermore, the system for CO ₂ capture according to the present invention may comprise a flue gas recirculation (FGR) combined with a gas turbine based power generation system, by which the flue gas from the gas turbine (GT) will be cooled afterwards as appropriate. Part of it is recycled to the inlet of the gas turbine. One advantage achieved by this embodiment is an increased CO ₂ concentration. If the partial pressure of CO ₂ is increased, a lower energy input and, advantageously, a lower operating cost are required. In addition, if a lower volume flue gas can be used when operating a gas turbine power plant, a smaller reactor size and reduced equipment costs are required.

The gas turbine in the gas turbine based power generation system of the present invention can be Non-reheating gas turbines. Another option for a gas turbine that may be included in the gas turbine power plant system of the present invention is a reheat gas turbine.

According to other aspects illustrated herein, a method for capturing CO ₂ in a gas turbine based power generation system is provided, the method comprising: enabling a flue gas comprising CO ₂ to be captured in the flue gas The solid material of the CO ₂ is contacted to form a metal cesium carbonate such as CaCO ₃ by carbonization; and the CO is released by decarbonation of the metal lanthanum carbonate at an elevated temperature in the second reactor. ₂ .

In one embodiment of the invention, the method for capturing CO ₂ is wherein the solid material captures CO ₂ by adsorption or absorption. Additionally, the method comprises a solid material in the form of a powder or small particles. Preferably, the solid material is a metal oxide such as calcium oxide (CaO).

In one embodiment of the invention, the method for capturing CO ₂ comprises bringing the CO ₂ to between 400 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably between 600 ° C and 700 ° C, more preferably 650 ° C A solid material of temperature. The release of CO ₂ occurs in the second reactor at a temperature of about 900 °C. Additionally, the heat obtained from the first reactor can be received and recovered by a heat recovery system generator (HRGS). The reaction occurring in the first reactor is exothermic and should be maintained at a constant temperature between 400 ° C and 800 ° C. Thus, additional steam is generated that can be used for various applications of power generation, for example, a heat recovery system generator (HRSG).

It has been shown that CCPP is combined with strontium carbonate cycle units, the system A surprisingly good economic advantage is exhibited because CCPP produces a gas having a temperature as the flue gas required for the reaction in the first reactor. Therefore, there is no need to add energy to the system or at least add a reduced amount of energy for a highly efficient reaction.

A method for capturing CO _{2 may} be performed in which a flue gas comprising CO ₂ is contacted with a solid material under atmospheric pressure. An alternative system in which the flue gas contacts the solid material comprising one of CO ₂ and of the increase in pressure. By using an increased pressure for the step of contacting the flue gas comprising CO ₂ with the solid material for adsorbing or absorbing the CO ₂ , the partial pressure of CO ₂ is increased and the volume flow is reduced and thereby the size of the equipment is also Reduced.

When the adsorption or absorption of CO ₂ from the flue gas occurs at an increased pressure, one of the gas turbines operating by means of reheating and a non-reheated gas turbine system can be used.

The features and other features set forth above are exemplified by the following figures and detailed description.

Reference is now made to the drawings, which are exemplary embodiments,

A gas turbine-based power generation system in which a system for capturing CO ₂ as described above may be used includes a conventional combined cycle power plant (CCPP), which together includes one or more heat recovery system generators (HRGS) as appropriate And, as the case may be, include one system for flue gas recirculation (FRG).

An embodiment of a gas turbine power generation system of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. in.

The gas turbine-based power generation system 1 includes a combined cycle power plant CCPP 2 that includes a compressor 10 that is fed one of ambient air via a conduit 11. A gas turbine 15 is supplied with the compressor outlet gas 12 and the energy obtained by the burner 56 fed from the fuel passage 13. The outlet gas comprising CO ₂ from the gas turbine 15 is transferred to the first reactor 20 via line 14.

The CO ₂ is captured in the first reactor 20 by adsorbing or absorbing the gas to the solid material. The solid material is usually in the form of a powder or small particles. An example of a solid material is a metal oxide, for example, calcium oxide CaO.

By means of powder or small particles, one provides a way to increase the mass transfer rate from gas to solid and thereby reduce the reaction time.

The first reactor 20 is operated at a temperature interval between 400 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably at a temperature between 600 ° C and 700 ° C (for example, about 650 ° C). A metal cesium carbonate is produced by the procedure occurring in the first reactor 20. When calcium oxide (CaO) is used, CaCO ₃ is formed in the first reactor.

The cesium carbonate is then transferred to the second reactor 30 to remove cesium carbonate at elevated temperatures. Typically, the reaction in the second reactor 30 occurs at about 900 ° C when the CaCO _{3 is} decarbonated.

The second reactor 30 is fed O ₂ via a conduit 31. The second reactor is also fed fuel via conduit 32 for maintaining a predetermined high temperature. The second reactor can be heated by a fuel such as natural gas, bioenergy, coal, or the like. This heating program is also capture of CO ₂ generation. When the fuel used is bioenergy or coal, the reaction occurring in the second reactor (and thus the decarbonated hydrazine in which CO ₂ is produced) produces some solid residue, such as with metal oxides (for example, , the crush of CaO) mixed ashes. When the second reactor is heated with natural gas, the solid residue contains only CaO. These solid residues can be further processed and/or reused for industrial applications (for example, the cement industry). Some of the solid material in the solid material is transferred back to the first reactor via line 33 for reuse.

The reaction occurring in the first reactor 20 is exothermic. In addition, the selected temperature is typically maintained constant during operation to generate heat that can be used in other portions of the gas turbine power plant, for example, in a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) 25.

A CO ₂ capture method using carbonization and decarbonation is further described in EP 1193444 A1.

Heat can also be used to heat the O ₂ gas prior to being introduced into the second reactor 30 via line 31. Thereby the amount of fuel required to heat the second reactor is reduced. The size of the equipment for generating O ₂ can also be reduced by such means.

The captured CO ₂ gas obtained in the second reactor 30 is transferred via line 34 for cooling to, for example, one of the nearby environments in a cooling unit 40, and the cooling heat can be reclaimed to the water vapor cycle. (WSC) to increase steam turbine output.

The captured cooled CO ₂ gas is then transferred via line 45 for compression and further processing.

The method for capturing CO ₂ capture may also include recycling a portion of the CO ₂ stream from the second reactor to the inlet of the gas turbine power generation system after cooling.

O ₂ (if present) can be reused in the gas turbine power generation system by recirculating the CO ₂ stream.

Another advantage reached by the CO ₂ stream based recycle partial pressure is preferably increased to increase the positive level of the best one in a first reactor operating under atmospheric conditions of CO _2.

Optionally, a portion of the flue gas at the discharge of the turbine 15 may be recirculated into the gas turbine intake conduit 11 and mixed with fresh air in one of the upstream mixing devices 50. The system is referred to as flue gas recirculation (FGR) and includes a first one placed downstream of the gas turbine 15 to recapture the heat one heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) 18 and to cool the flue gas prior to mixing into the mixer 50. One of the flue gas coolers 17. The heat in 18 can be recovered to be connected to one of the HRGS 18 water vapor cycles (WSC) to increase the power of the steam turbine. The water vapor cycle (WSC) re-takes back heat from a program stream that produces steam that expands into the steam turbine to produce power.

The CCPP 2 shown in FIG. 2 is based on a reheat gas turbine that optionally includes one of the HRSG 18 and the flue gas cooler 17 downstream of the gas turbine 15 prior to mixing into the apparatus 50. Recycling (FGR).

In FIG. 3, a combined cycle power plant CCPP 2 (which includes a plurality of turbines), a CO ₂ capture unit 3 (which includes a first reactor 20 and a second reactor 30), and a heat recovery steam generation are shown. One of the HRSGs 25 is based on a gas turbine power generation system 1.

One of the flue gases is drawn along the expansion of the gas and this extraction is then fed to the item 20, the first reactor. In one embodiment of the invention, the item 20 (i.e., the first reactor) is fed the extracted flue gas by arranging the two turbine modules not at the end of the expansion but in the intermediate stage of the extraction. One of the two turbine modules has a lower pressure, one or more of which has a higher pressure, and the extraction takes place between the two modules. In the configuration "between turbine" in this, since the transfer is used to capture the extract containing part of the CO ₂ in the flue gas circulation Salt carbonate, to a pressure higher than the "air" is to the reactor 20. The treated flue The flue gas is delivered by the flue gas via conduit 14. Whereby, cyclic carbonate Salt (i.e., CO ₂ capture unit) in a high pressure (discharge pressure compared to the last module of an expansion turbine) operation. Referring to Figure 3, extraction is performed after the turbine module 15'.

The flue gas depleted of CO ₂ exiting the project 20 is then further expanded in a turbine module 16.

In Figure 3, a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) exhibits a gas turbine configuration with one of several turbine modules, items 15, 15', 15", 16 series of turbines that generate mechanical power to drive one or more generators Module 3. In Figure 3, the expansion module 16 is coupled to a separate generator 55'.

Transfer duct 14 exiting the turbine 15 via a portion 'of the flue gas to CO ₂ capture unit. The unit operates two expansion turbine and is located between 15 'and 15' under high pressure in a CO ₂ capture unit, the gas first enters the first reactor 20 for CO ₂ is adsorbed or absorbed to be present in the first the reactor of CaO to form calcium carbonate (CaCO _3). the temperature of the first reactor was maintained at about 650 ℃.

The formed calcium carbonate CaCO _{3 is} transferred to the second reactor 30, and decarbonation of one of the temperatures of about 900 ° C is performed in the second reactor 30, thereby releasing CO ₂ . The CO ₂ is cooled in the cooling unit 40 before it is transferred via the conduit 45 for further processing, such as compression. Item 40 can also be connected to a water vapor cycle or for heat recovery by, for example, thermal integration.

Some of the CaO formed in the second reactor 30 is transferred back to the first reactor via line 33 for reuse in the first reactor 20.

The obtained transfer captured for the CO ₂ gas to near ambient temperature in one of a cooling system 40 cooled in the second reactor via line 34. The captured cooled CO ₂ gas is transferred via line 45 for compression and further processing.

Optionally, a portion of the flue gas at the discharge of the turbine 15 may be recirculated into the gas turbine intake conduit 11 and mixed with fresh air in one of the upstream mixing devices 50. The system is referred to as flue gas recirculation (FGR) and includes a first one placed downstream of the gas turbine 15 to recapture the heat one heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) 18 and to cool the flue gas prior to mixing into the mixer 50. One of the flue gas coolers 17. The heat in 18 can be recovered to be connected to one of the HRGS 18 water vapor cycles (WSC) to increase the power of the steam turbine.

The water vapor cycle (WSC) reclaims heat from the process stream that produces steam that expands into the steam turbine to produce power: Items 40, 25, and 18 regain heat from the program stream and generate steam to drive the steam turbine to increase power output from the power plant . The steam turbine configuration and the connection to the generator and the shaft configuration are not part of this description.

The gas turbine shown in Figure 3 is a reheat gas turbine, the same concept can be applied to a non-reheating one with a single burner stage (item 56 or 56') Gas turbine.

While the invention has been described with respect to the embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art In addition, many modifications may be made to the teachings of the present invention to adapt to a particular situation or material without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not intended to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and the invention is intended to be

1‧‧‧Gas turbine based power generation system

2‧‧‧Combined cycle power plant

3‧‧‧Carbonate Cycle Unit/CO ₂ Capture Unit

10‧‧‧Compressor/device

11‧‧‧Pipeline/Gas Turbine Inlet Pipeline

12‧‧‧Compressor outlet gas

13‧‧‧ fuel passage

14‧‧‧ Pipes

15‧‧‧Gas Turbine/Turbine/Project

15'‧‧‧ Turbine Modules / Projects / Turbines / Expansion Turbines

15"‧‧‧ Project /

17‧‧‧ Flue gas cooler

18‧‧‧Heat Recovery Steam Generator/Project/Heat Recovery System Generator

20‧‧‧First reactor/project/reactor

25‧‧‧Heat Recovery Steam Generator/Project/Heat Recovery System Generator

30‧‧‧Second reactor

31‧‧‧ Pipes

32‧‧‧ Pipes

33‧‧‧ Pipes

34‧‧‧ Pipes

40‧‧‧Cooling unit/project/cooling system

45‧‧‧ Pipes

50‧‧‧Mixer/mixer/device

56‧‧‧burner/project

56'‧‧‧Project

FIG 1 illustrates a system having one of a CO ₂ capture system of the gas turbine-based power generating system.

Figure 2 is a diagram illustrating one variation of the gas turbine based power generation system.

Figure 3 illustrates a further variation of the gas turbine based power generation system.

1‧‧‧Gas turbine based power generation system

2‧‧‧Combined cycle power plant

3‧‧‧Carbonate Cycle Unit/CO ₂ Capture Unit

10‧‧‧Compressor/device

11‧‧‧Pipeline/Gas Turbine Inlet Pipeline

12‧‧‧Compressor outlet gas

13‧‧‧ fuel passage

14‧‧‧ Pipes

15‧‧‧Gas Turbine/Turbine/Project

17‧‧‧ Flue gas cooler

18‧‧‧Heat Recovery Steam Generator/Project/Heat Recovery System Generator

20‧‧‧First reactor/project/reactor

25‧‧‧Heat Recovery Steam Generator/Project/Heat Recovery System Generator

30‧‧‧Second reactor

31‧‧‧ Pipes

32‧‧‧ Pipes

33‧‧‧ Pipes

34‧‧‧ Pipes

40‧‧‧Cooling unit/project/cooling system

45‧‧‧ Pipes

50‧‧‧Mixer/mixer/device

56‧‧‧burner/project

Claims (15)

A system for CO ₂ capture in a gas turbine based power generation system 1 comprising a combined cycle power plant 2 and a cesium carbonate cycle unit 3, wherein the cesium carbonate cycle unit 3 comprises: a first reactor 20 And comprising a solid material capable of capturing CO ₂ present in the flue gas to form a metal lanthanum carbonate; a second reactor 30 configured to decarbonate the metal lanthanum carbonate at elevated temperature Release CO ₂ . The system for CO ₂ capture of claim 1 further comprising a heat recovery system generator (HRGS) 25 disposed downstream of the first reactor 20 to receive and recover heat therefrom. A system for CO ₂ capture according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the CO ₂ stream from the second reactor 30 is recycled to the inlet of the combined cycle power plant 2 after cooling, as appropriate. A system for CO ₂ capture according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the exhaust flue gas downstream of the turbine 15 is recycled to the gas turbine inlet and mixed in the apparatus 10, a heat recovery system generator (HRGS) 18 system It is disposed upstream of this recirculation to recover heat therefrom, and a flue gas cooler 17 is disposed downstream of the HRGS 18. A system for CO ₂ capture according to claim 1, wherein the solid material captures the CO ₂ by adsorption or absorption. A system for CO ₂ capture according to claim 1, wherein the solid material is in the form of a powder or in the form of particles. A system for CO ₂ capture according to claim 1, wherein the solid material is calcium oxide (CaO). A system for CO ₂ capture according to claim 1, wherein the reactor is operated at a temperature between 400 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably between 600 ° C and 700 ° C, more preferably 650 ° C. A system for CO ₂ capture according to claim 1, wherein the second reactor is operated at a temperature of about 900 °C. A method for capturing CO ₂ in a gas turbine power generation system, comprising contacting a flue gas comprising CO ₂ with a solid material capable of capturing the CO ₂ present in the flue gas to form a metal by carbonization Barium carbonate; the CO ₂ is released by decarbonation at elevated temperatures. A method for capturing CO _{2 according to} claim 7, wherein the solid material captures the CO ₂ by adsorption or absorption. A method for capturing CO ₂ as claimed in claim 10, wherein the solid material is in the form of a powder or in the form of a microparticle. A method for capturing CO _{2 according to} claim 10, wherein the solid material is calcium oxide (CaO). The requested item 10 for the capture of CO ₂ method, wherein deg.] C of between 400 and 800 deg.] C, preferably between 600 deg.] C and 700 deg.] C, more preferably 650 ℃ one line so that the temperature of the CO ₂ Solid material contact. A method for capturing CO ₂ as claimed in claim 10, wherein the releasing CO ₂ occurs at a temperature of about 900 °C.