TW201303454A - Liquid crystal alignment agent, liquid crystal alignment film and liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a liquid crystal alignment agent, which can form a liquid crystal alignment film which can excellently maintain liquid crystal alignment performance and electric property after long period of time continuously drove, especially long period of time exposed to light in a liquid crystal display device of PSA mode. The present invention especially provides a liquid crystal alignment agent which can accomplish the objects mentioned above in a liquid crystal display device of transverse electric field mode such as IPS mode and FFS mode, a liquid crystal alignment film formed by the liquid crystal alignment agent, and a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal alignment agent is used for forming liquid crystal alignment films in a liquid crystal display device of PSA mode, and characterized by containing at least one kind of the polymer chosen from a group including [A] polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignable group, [B] polymer having a photo-alignable group at main chain, and [C] polyamic acid and/or polyimide having decomposable photo-alignability.

Description

Liquid crystal alignment agent, liquid crystal alignment film, and liquid crystal display element

The present invention relates to a liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element.

A liquid crystal display element of the MVA (Multi-domain Vertical Alignment) type is being widely used, and as a method of improving the response delay, it is known to inject a liquid crystal material containing a polymerizable monomer between substrates to polymerize a monomer, and A technique of forming a polymer layer in the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are inclined in the alignment film (Polymer Sustained Alignment: PSA) (refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-307720 and JP-A-2008-076950). In addition, it is also tried to use the TN (Twisted Nematic) method and the IPS (In Plane Switching) method for PSA technology (refer to International Publication No. 2010/116551 pamphlet).

On the other hand, in a liquid crystal display device having a tendency to become more and more fine, since unevenness is inevitably generated on the surface of the substrate as the density of the pixel is increased, uniform polishing processing becomes difficult. For this reason, a photo-alignment method in which a polarizing or non-polarizing radiation is applied to a photosensitive organic thin film formed on a surface of a substrate to impart a liquid crystal alignment energy has been developed (refer to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2010-217868).

The liquid crystal display element is applied to a high-quality display such as a liquid crystal display. However, in the conventional liquid crystal display device, when the liquid crystal display element is continuously driven for a long period of time, the liquid crystal alignment film is deteriorated by exposure to heat and light for a long period of time, and display quality is exhibited. decline. Even in the conventional liquid crystal display elements using the above PSA technology, the long-term continuous driving is not considered at all. It is not the maintenance of liquid crystal alignment performance and electrical characteristics during long-time exposure.

Prior technical literature Patent literature

Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-307720

Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2008-076950

Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2010/116551

Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2010-217868

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the invention is to provide a liquid crystal alignment agent which is excellent in liquid crystal alignment property in a PSA type liquid crystal display element and which can suppress deterioration of electrical characteristics after continuous driving for a long period of time, particularly long time exposure. . In particular, a liquid crystal alignment agent which can achieve the above object, a liquid crystal alignment film formed using the liquid crystal alignment agent, and a liquid crystal display element can be provided in a liquid crystal display device of a transverse electric field type such as an IPS method or an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) method.

The invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a liquid crystal alignment agent which is a liquid crystal alignment agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film in a liquid crystal display element of a PSA type, and is characterized in that it contains photoalignment property by [A]. a group of polyorganosiloxanes (hereinafter also referred to as "[A] polyorganosiloxanes), [B] a polymer having a photo-alignment group in the main chain (hereinafter also referred to as "[B] polymer"), and [C] poly-proline and/or polypeptone having decomposed photoalignment. At least one polymer selected from the group consisting of imines (hereinafter also referred to as "[C] polyphthalic acid and/or polyimine).

Since the liquid crystal alignment agent contains the specific polymer described above, the liquid crystal display element of the PSA type is excellent in liquid crystal alignment and can suppress deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time.

The above liquid crystal display element is preferably a transverse electric field mode. When the liquid crystal alignment agent is used for a liquid crystal display device of a transverse electric field type, the effects of the above invention can be exhibited more remarkably.

[A] a polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignment group, preferably a group having a group represented by the following formula (A1') and a group represented by the following formula (A2') At least one group selected from the group.

(In the formula (A1'), R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom or a cyano group. R ¹ is a stretching phenyl group or a cyclohexylene group. However, the above stretching phenyl group or cyclohexylene group Some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted by a fluorine atom or a cyano group. R ² is a single bond, a methylene group, an alkyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -CH=CH- or -NH - a is an integer of 0 to 3. When a is 2 or 3, a plurality of R ¹ and R ² may be the same or different. R ³ is a fluorine atom or a cyano group, and b is 0 to 4. However, when b is 2 or more, a plurality of R ^{3 's} may be the same or different. ^* is a bonding key.

In the formula (A2'), R' is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom or a cyano group. R ⁴ is a phenyl or a cyclohexyl group. However, some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the above-mentioned phenyl or cyclohexyl group may be substituted by a fluorine atom or a cyano group. R ⁵ is a single bond, a methylene group, an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -OCO- or -NH-. c is an integer from 1 to 3. However, when c is 2 or 3, each of R ⁴ and R ⁵ may be the same or different. R ⁶ is a fluorine atom or a cyano group. d is an integer from 0 to 4. However, when d is 2 or more, a plurality of R ⁶ may be the same or different. R ⁷ is an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-. R ⁸ is a divalent aromatic group, a divalent alicyclic group, a divalent heterocyclic group or a divalent condensed cyclic group. e is an integer from 0 to 3. However, when e is 2 or more, a plurality of R ⁷ and R ⁸ may be the same or different. R ⁹ is a single bond, ^** -OCO-(CH ₂ ) _f - or ^** -O-(CH ₂ ) _g -. ^"**" indicates that the R ⁸ bonded area. f and g are each independently an integer of 1 to 10. ^* is the key button).

Since the liquid crystal alignment agent contains a polymer having the specific group described above, the liquid crystal display element of the PSA type is excellent in liquid crystal alignment, and deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time can be further suppressed.

[A] a polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignment group, preferably a polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group, and A reaction product of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (A1) and a compound represented by the following formula (A2).

(In the formula (A1), R, R ¹ to R ³ , a and b are synonymous with the above formula (A1').

In the formula (A2), R', R ⁴ to R ⁹ and c~e are synonymous with the above formula (A2')

[A] a polyorganosiloxane which is selected from the group consisting of a polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group and a compound represented by the above formula (A1) and a compound represented by the above formula (A2). In the liquid crystal display device of the PSA type, the liquid crystal alignment agent is excellent in liquid crystal alignment, and can further suppress deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time.

[B] The polymer having a photo-alignment group in the main chain preferably has a structure represented by the following formula (1).

(In the formula (1), R ^{10 is} each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom or a cyano group. m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 4. However, when m and n When each is 2 or more, a plurality of R ^{10 's} may be the same or different. " ^* " is a key bond)

In the liquid crystal display device of the PSA type, the liquid crystal alignment agent has excellent liquid crystal alignment properties and can further suppress deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time.

[C] Poly-proline and/or polyimine having a decomposable photo-alignment property, preferably having a bicyclo[2.2.2]octene skeleton or a cyclobutane skeleton. [C] Polylysine and/or polyimine, because of the specific skeleton described above, the liquid crystal alignment agent is more excellent in liquid crystal alignment, and can further suppress deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time. .

The liquid crystal alignment agent preferably further contains at least one selected from the group consisting of [D] polylysine having no photo-alignment group and polyimine having no photo-alignment group. (hereinafter also referred to as "[D] polymer").

Since the liquid crystal alignment agent further contains the [D] polymer, deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time can be more effectively suppressed.

The liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is formed of the liquid crystal alignment agent. Since the liquid crystal alignment film is formed of the liquid crystal alignment agent, the liquid crystal alignment property is excellent, and it is difficult to cause deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time.

A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a pair of substrates disposed oppositely, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the two substrates, and an inner surface side of at least one of the substrates, and is in contact with the liquid crystal layer In the liquid crystal alignment layer, the liquid crystal display layer is formed by a step of injecting a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable monomer between the two substrates and polymerizing the monomer, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is characterized by the liquid crystal alignment film. It is composed of a polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignment group derived from [A], [B] a polymer having a photo-alignment group in the main chain, and [C] a polyfluorene having a decomposed photoalignment property. A liquid crystal alignment agent of at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of amino acids and/or polyimines is formed.

Since the liquid crystal display element is a PSA liquid crystal display element including a liquid crystal alignment film formed using the liquid crystal alignment agent, the liquid crystal alignment property is excellent, and deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time is hard to occur.

In the step of polymerizing the above monomers, it is preferred that no voltage is applied.

In the step of polymerizing the above monomers, a voltage may also be applied.

In the step of polymerizing the above monomers, it is preferred to irradiate polarized ultraviolet rays. This liquid crystal display element polymerizes the above monomers by irradiating polarized ultraviolet rays, thereby improving liquid crystal alignment.

The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal forming the liquid crystal layer is preferably 10 or less. In an electric field type liquid crystal panel, if the pretilt angle is small, the contrast is good.

The liquid crystal display element is preferably in a transverse electric field mode. When the liquid crystal alignment film formed of the liquid crystal alignment agent is used for a liquid crystal display device of a transverse electric field type such as an IPS method or an FFS method, it is particularly difficult to cause deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element including the liquid crystal alignment film formed of the liquid crystal alignment agent is suitable for a transverse electric field method.

When the liquid crystal alignment device of the present invention is used for a PSA liquid crystal display device, particularly a liquid crystal display device of a transverse electric field method (IPS method or FFS method), it is possible to form an excellent liquid crystal alignment property, and after continuous driving for a long period of time, It is a liquid crystal alignment film which is hard to cause deterioration of electrical characteristics during long-time exposure.

<Liquid alignment agent>

The liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is a liquid crystal alignment agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film in a liquid crystal display element of a PSA type, and it contains a polyorganosiloxane, a [B] polymer, and a [C] polymer. At least one polymer selected from the group consisting of proline and/or polyimine. Further, in addition to the above components, the liquid crystal alignment agent may contain other components within a range not impairing the effects of the present invention. Hereinafter, each component will be described in detail.

<[A] polyorganosiloxane]

The polyorganosiloxane of [A] is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignment group, and a known material can be used, but it is preferably represented by the above formula (A1'). At least one selected from the group consisting of a group represented by (A2').

In the above formula (A1'), R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom or a cyano group. R ¹ is a phenyl or a cyclohexyl group. However, some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the above-mentioned phenyl or cyclohexyl group may be substituted by a fluorine atom or a cyano group. R ² is a single bond, a methylene group, an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -CH=CH- or -NH-. a is an integer from 0 to 3. However, when a is 2 or 3, each of R ¹ and R ² may be the same or different. R ³ is a fluorine atom or a cyano group. b is an integer from 0 to 4. However, when b is 2 or more, a plurality of R ^{3 's} may be the same or different. " ^* " is the key button.

In the formula (A2'), R' is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom or a cyano group. R ⁴ is a phenyl or a cyclohexyl group. However, some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the above-mentioned phenyl or cyclohexyl group may be substituted by a fluorine atom or a cyano group. R ⁵ is a single bond, a methylene group, an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -OCO- or -NH-. c is an integer from 1 to 3. However, when c is 2 or 3, each of R ⁴ and R ⁵ may be the same or different. R ⁶ is a fluorine atom or a cyano group. d is an integer from 0 to 4. However, when d is 2 or more, a plurality of R ⁶ may be the same or different. R ⁷ is an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-. R ⁸ is a divalent aromatic group, a divalent alicyclic group, a divalent heterocyclic group or a divalent condensed cyclic group. e is an integer from 0 to 3. However, when e is 2 or more, a plurality of R ⁷ and R ⁸ may be the same or different. R ⁹ is a single bond, ^** -OCO-(CH ₂ ) _f - or ^** -O-(CH ₂ ) _g -. ^"**" indicates that the R ⁸ bonded area. f and g are each independently an integer of 1 to 10. " ^* " is the key button.

The alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms of R in the above formula (A1') and R' in the above formula (A2') is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group or a n-propyl group.

R ¹ in the above formula (A1') and phenyl and cyclohexylene groups of R ⁴ in the above formula (A2') are each preferably a 1,4-phenylene group or a 1,4-cyclohexylene group.

R ² in the above formula (A1') is preferably a single bond, an oxygen atom or -CH=CH-.

The divalent aromatic group of R ⁸ in the above formula (A2′) may, for example, be a 1,4-phenylene group or a 4,4′-extended biphenyl group. The divalent alicyclic group may, for example, be a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 4,4'-linked cyclohexyl group. The divalent heterocyclic group may, for example, be furan-2,5-diyl, thiophene-2,5-diyl or 2,2'-dithiophene-5,5'-diyl. The divalent condensed cyclic group may, for example, be an anthracene-2,6-diyl group, a naphthalene-1,4-diyl group, a naphthalene-1,5-diyl group or a naphthalene-2,6-diyl group. Naphthalene-2,7-diyl, indole-9,10-diyl, oxazol-3,6-diyl, dibenzothiophene-2,8-diyl and the like.

The e in the above formula (A2') is preferably 0.

Specific examples of the group of the [A] polyorganosiloxane which are contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention, the group represented by the formula (A1'), for example, a group represented by the following formula Wait.

However, in the above formula, " ^* " is indicated as a key.

The group represented by the above formula (A2') may, for example, be a group represented by the following formula.

However, in the above formula, " ^* " is indicated as a key.

The total content of the group represented by the above formula (A1') and the group represented by the above formula (A2') in the [A] polyorganooxane contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is preferably 0.2 mmol/g-polymer above 6 mM/g-polymer, more preferably 0.3 mM/g-polymer above 5 mM/g-polymer.

The [A] polyorganooxane contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention preferably further contains a ring in addition to the group represented by the above formula (A1') and the group represented by the above formula (A2'). Oxygen. In this case, the epoxy equivalent of the [A] polyorganosiloxane is preferably 150 g/mole or more, more preferably 200 g/mol or more and 10,000 g/mol or less, still more preferably 200 g/mol or more 2,000 g. / Moer below. By using such a ratio of epoxy equivalent of [A] polyorganosiloxane, the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention does not impair the protection. It is preferable because it can form a liquid crystal alignment film which is more excellent in liquid crystal alignment and excellent afterimage characteristics.

The polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight of the [A] polyorganosiloxane which is contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is preferably 1,000 or more and 200,000 or less, more preferably 2,000 or more and 100,000 or less, as measured by gel permeation chromatography. Hereinafter, it is more preferably 3,000 or more and 30,000 or less.

<[A] Synthesis of polyorganosiloxanes>

The method for synthesizing the [A] polyorganosiloxane which is contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention may be any method as long as it can synthesize the above polymer.

The method for synthesizing the [A] polyorganooxane contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention includes, for example, a group represented by the above formula (A1') and the formula (A2'). A method of hydrolyzing and condensing a hydrolyzable decane compound selected from at least one group selected from the group consisting of a group, or a mixture of the above hydrolyzable decane compound and another hydrolyzable decane compound; and a polyorganoquinone having an epoxy group; A method of reacting at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the above formula (A1) and the compound represented by the above formula (A2), and the like.

In the above formula (A1), R, R ¹ to R ³ , a and b are synonymous with the above formula (A1'). In the formula (A2), R', R ⁴ to R ⁹ and c to e are synonymous with the above formula (A2').

Among these synthesis methods, the latter method is preferably used from the viewpoints of easiness of synthesis of the raw material compound, easiness of reaction, and the like. Hereinafter, [A] polyorganooxime contained in the synthesis of the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention A preferred method of the alkane, that is, at least one selected from the group consisting of a polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group and a compound represented by the above formula (A1) and a compound represented by the above formula (A2) A method of reacting a compound will be described.

[Polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group]

The epoxy group in the polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group is preferably used as an oxyethylene skeleton or a 1,2-epoxycycloalkane skeleton, and an alkyl group which can be interrupted by an oxygen atom directly or in the middle. The structure contained in the atom-bonded group (group having an epoxy group) is present in the polyorganosiloxane. Examples of the group having such an epoxy group include a group represented by the following formulas (EP-1) and (EP-2).

In the above formulas (EP-1) and (EP-2), " ^* " indicates a bond key.

The epoxy equivalent of the polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group is preferably 100 g/mol or more and 10,000 g/mole or less, more preferably 150 g/mol or more and 1,000 g/mol or less.

The polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group has a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography, preferably 500 or more and 100,000 or less, more preferably 1,000 or more and 10,000 or less, still more preferably 1,000 or less. Above 5,000 or less.

The polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group can be, for example, a decane compound having an epoxy group or a decane compound having an epoxy group, preferably in the presence of a suitable organic solvent, water and a catalyst. A mixture of decane compounds is synthesized by hydrolysis and condensation.

Examples of the above decane compound having an epoxy group include 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxydecane, 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxydecane, and 3-epoxypropoxypropane. Methyldimethoxydecane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxydecane, 3-glycidoxypropyldimethylmethoxydecane, 3-epoxypropoxy Propyl dimethyl ethoxy decane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxy decane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltriethoxy decane Wait.

The other decane compound may, for example, be tetrachlorodecane, tetramethoxy decane, tetraethoxy decane, tetra-n-propoxy decane, tetraisopropoxy decane, tetra-n-butoxy decane or tetra-second butyl. Oxydecane, trichlorodecane, trimethoxydecane, triethoxydecane, tri-n-propoxydecane, triisopropoxydecane, tri-n-butoxydecane, tri-butoxydecane, fluorine tri Chlorodecane, fluorotrimethoxydecane, fluorotriethoxydecane, fluorotri-n-propoxy decane, fluorotriisopropoxy decane, fluorotri-n-butoxy decane, fluorotri-t-butoxy decane, A Trichlorodecane, methyltrimethoxydecane, methyltriethoxydecane, methyltri-n-propoxydecane, methyltriisopropoxydecane, methyltri-n-butoxydecane, methyltri Second butoxydecane, 2-(trifluoromethyl)ethyltrichlorodecane, 2-(trifluoromethyl)ethyltrimethoxydecane, 2-(trifluoromethyl)ethyltriethoxy Decane, 2-(trifluoromethyl)ethyltri-n-propoxydecane, 2-(trifluoromethyl)ethyltriisopropoxydecane, 2-(trifluoromethyl)ethyl Tri-n-butoxy decane, 2-(trifluoromethyl)ethyltri-n-butoxy decane, 2-(perfluoro-n-hexyl)ethyltrichlorodecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-hexyl)ethyltrimethyl Oxydecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-hexyl)ethyltriethoxydecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-hexyl)ethyltri-n-propoxydecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-hexyl)ethyltriisopropyl Oxydecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-hexyl)ethyltri-n-butoxydecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-hexyl)ethyltri-t-butoxydecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl Trichlorodecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyltrimethoxydecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyltriethoxydecane, 2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyltri-n-butyl Propoxy decane, 2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl triisopropoxy decane, 2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyltri-n-butoxy decane, 2-(perfluoro-n-octyl) Ethyl tri-tert-butoxy decane, hydroxymethyl trichloro decane, hydroxymethyl trimethoxy decane, hydroxyethyl trimethoxy decane, hydroxymethyl tri-n-propoxy decane, hydroxymethyl triisopropoxy Base decane, hydroxymethyl tri-n-butoxy decane, hydroxymethyl three-butoxy decane, 3-(meth) propylene decyloxy Propyltrichloromethane, 3-(meth)acryloxypropyltrimethoxydecane, 3-(methyl)propenyloxypropyltriethoxydecane, 3-(methyl)propeneoxime Propyl tri-n-propoxy decane, 3-(methyl) propylene methoxy propyl triisopropoxy decane, 3-(methyl) propylene methoxy propyl tri-n-butoxy decane, 3- (Meth) propylene methoxy propyl tri-tert-butoxy decane, 3-mercaptopropyl trichloro decane, 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy decane, 3-mercaptopropyl triethoxy decane, 3- Mercaptopropyl tri-n-propoxy decane, 3-mercaptopropyl triisopropoxy decane, 3-mercaptopropyl tri-n-butoxy decane, 3-mercaptopropyl tri-tert-butoxy decane, decylmethyl Three Oxydecane, mercaptomethyltriethoxydecane, vinyltrichlorodecane, vinyltrimethoxydecane, vinyltriethoxydecane, vinyltri-n-propoxydecane, vinyltriisopropoxy Decane, vinyl tri-n-butoxy decane, vinyl tri-tert-butoxy decane, allyl trichloro decane, allyl trimethoxy decane, allyl triethoxy decane, allyl tri-n-butyl Propoxy decane, allyl triisopropoxy decane, allyl tri-n-butoxy decane, allyl tri-tert-butoxy decane, phenyl trichloro decane, phenyl trimethoxy decane, benzene Triethoxy decane, phenyl tri-n-propoxy decane, phenyl triisopropoxy decane, phenyl tri-n-butoxy decane, phenyl tri-n-butoxy decane, methyl dichloro decane, Methyl dimethoxy decane, methyl diethoxy decane, methyl di-n-propoxy decane, methyl diisopropoxy decane, methyl di-n-butoxy decane, methyl di-second butoxide Base decane, dimethyl dichlorodecane, dimethyl dimethoxy decane, dimethyl diethoxy decane, dimethyl di-n-propoxy decane, Methyl diisopropoxy decane, dimethyl di-n-butoxy decane, dimethyl di-second butoxy decane, (methyl) [2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl]dichlorodecane , (methyl) [2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl]dimethoxydecane, (methyl)[2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl]diethoxydecane, (methyl ) [2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl]di-n-propoxy decane, (methyl)[2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl]diisopropoxy decane, (methyl) [ 2-(Perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl]di-n-butoxydecane, (methyl)[2-(perfluoro-n-octyl)ethyl]di-butoxybutane, (methyl) (3) -mercaptopropyl)dichlorodecane, (methyl)(3-mercaptopropyl)dimethoxydecane, (methyl)(3-mercaptopropyl)diethoxydecane, (methyl)(3- Mercaptopropyl) di-n-propoxy decane, (A (3-mercaptopropyl)diisopropoxydecane, (methyl)(3-mercaptopropyl)di-n-butoxydecane, (methyl)(3-mercaptopropyl)di-butoxy Baseline, (meth)(vinyl)dichlorodecane, (meth)(vinyl)dimethoxydecane, (methyl)(vinyl)diethoxydecane, (methyl)(vinyl) Di-n-propoxy decane, (methyl) (vinyl) diisopropoxy decane, (methyl) (vinyl) di-n-butoxy decane, (methyl) (vinyl) di-second Oxydecane, divinyl dichlorodecane, divinyl dimethoxydecane, divinyl diethoxy decane, divinyl di-n-propoxy decane, divinyl diisopropoxy decane, two Vinyl di-n-butoxy decane, divinyl bis second butoxy decane, diphenyl dichloro decane, diphenyl dimethoxy decane, diphenyl diethoxy decane, diphenyl di-n-butyl Propoxy decane, diphenyl diisopropoxy decane, diphenyl di-n-butoxy decane, diphenyl bis second butoxy decane, chlorodimethyl decane, methoxy dimethyl decane, Ethoxy dimethyl decane, chlorotrimethyl decane, bromotrimethyl Alkane, iodine trimethyl decane, methoxy trimethyl decane, ethoxy trimethyl decane, n-propoxy trimethyl decane, isopropoxy trimethyl decane, n-butoxy trimethyl decane , second butoxy trimethyl decane, third butoxy trimethyl decane, (chloro) (vinyl) dimethyl decane, (methoxy) (vinyl) dimethyl decane, (ethoxy) (vinyl) dimethyl decane, (chloro) (methyl) diphenyl decane, (methoxy) (methyl) diphenyl decane, (ethoxy) (methyl) diphenyl decane A decane compound or the like having one ruthenium atom.

Further, as the trade name, for example, KC-89, KC-89S, X-21-3153, X-21-5841, X-21-5842, X-21-5843, X-21-5844, X-21 can be cited. -5845, X-21-5846, X-21-5847, X-21-5848, X-22-160AS, X-22-170B, X-22-170BX, X-22-170D, X-22-170DX, X-22-176B, X-22-176D, X- 22-176DX, X-22-176F, X-40-2308, X-40-2651, X-40-2655A, X-40-2671, X-40-2672, X-40-9220, X-40- 9225, X-40-9227, X-40-9246, X-40-9247, X-40-9250, X-40-9323, X-41-1053, X-41-1056, X-41-1805, X-41-1810, KF6001, KF6002, KF6003, KR212, KR-213, KR-217, KR220L, KR242A, KR271, KR282, KR300, KR311, KR401N, KR500, KR510, KR5206, KR5230, KR5235, KR9218, KR9706 ( The above is manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.; Glass Resin (manufactured by Showa Denko); SH804, SH805, SH806A, SH840, SR2400, SR2402, SR2405, SR2406, SR2410, SR2411, SR2416, SR2420 (above is manufactured by TORAY DOW CORNING) ; FZ3711, FZ3722 (above is manufactured by UNICAR Corporation of Japan): DMS-S12, DMS-S15, DMS-S21, DMS-S27, DMS-S31, DMS-S32, DMS-S33, DMS-S35, DMS-S38, DMS -S42, DMS-S45, DMS-S51, DMS-227, PSD-0332, PDS-1615, PDS-9931, XMS-5025 (above is manufactured by CHISSO); methyl citrate MS51, decanoic acid Ester MS56 (above is manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation); ethyl citrate 28, ethyl decanoate 40, ethyl decanoate 48 (above COLCOAT); GR100, GR650, GR908, GR950 (above manufactured by Showa Denko) a partial condensate. The decane compound having an epoxy group and the other decane compound may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

As the other decane compound, among the above, it is preferred to use tetramethoxy decane, tetraethoxy decane, methyl trimethoxy decane, methyl triethoxy decane, and 3-(methyl) propylene oxime. Oxypropyltrimethoxydecane, 3-(meth)acryloxypropyltriethoxydecane, vinyltrimethoxydecane, vinyltriethoxydecane, allyltrimethoxydecane, Allyl triethoxy decane, phenyl trimethoxy decane, phenyl triethoxy decane, 3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxy decane, 3-mercaptopropyl triethoxy decane, decyl methyl trimethoxy One or more selected from the group consisting of decane, decylmethyltriethoxydecane, dimethyldimethoxydecane, and dimethyldiethoxydecane.

In the synthesis of the polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group in the present invention, it is preferred to adjust and set the use ratio of the decane compound having an epoxy group and other decane compounds so that the obtained polyorganosiloxane is epoxy. The equivalent is the above preferred range.

Examples of the organic solvent that can be used in the synthesis of the polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group include a hydrocarbon solvent, a ketone solvent, an ester solvent, an ether solvent, and an alcohol solvent.

Examples of the hydrocarbon solvent include toluene, xylene, and the like.

Examples of the ketone solvent include methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl n-pentanone, diethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone.

Examples of the ester solvent include ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, and ethyl lactate.

Examples of the ether solvent include ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, and Alkane, etc.

Examples of the alcohol solvent include 1-hexanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether, and ethylene glycol single positive. Butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol mono-n-propyl ether and the like. Among them, a solvent which is not water-soluble is preferred.

These organic solvents may be used singly or in combination of two or more. The amount of use of the organic solvent is preferably 10 parts by mass or more and 10,000 parts by mass or less, more preferably 50 parts by mass or more and 1,000 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the decane compound. In addition, the total of the decane compound here means the total of the decane compound which has an epoxy group, and the other decane compound used arbitrarily.

The amount of water used in the synthesis of the polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group is preferably 1 mol per mol of the decane compound, preferably 0.5 mol or more and 100 mol or less, more preferably 1 mol or more and 30 mol or less. .

Examples of the catalyst include an acid, an alkali metal compound, an organic base, a titanium compound, and a zirconium compound. Among them, an alkali metal compound or an organic base is preferred. By using an alkali metal compound or an organic base as a catalyst, side reactions such as ring opening of an epoxy group are not generated, and the desired polyorganosiloxane can be obtained at a high hydrolysis and condensation rate, and the production stability is excellent, so that it is preferred. . Further, the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention containing a reaction product of a polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group and a cinnamic acid derivative synthesized using an alkali metal compound or an organic base as a catalyst is extremely excellent in storage stability, and therefore Suitable for. The reason for this is as pointed out in Non-Patent Document 1 (Chemical Reviews, 95, p1409 (1995)), and it can be presumed that the use of an alkali metal compound or an organic base as a catalyst in hydrolysis or condensation reaction may result in formation of a random structure and a trapezoidal structure. Or cage Structure, and a polyorganosiloxane having a small content of sterol groups can be obtained. Further, it is presumed that since the sterol group content is small, the condensation reaction between the sterol groups can be suppressed, and when the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains other polymers described later, the sterol group can be inhibited. The condensation reaction of other polymers gives a result of excellent storage stability. Among them, an organic base is more preferred. The amount of the organic base to be used varies depending on the reaction conditions such as the type of the organic base and the temperature, and must be appropriately set. However, for example, the total amount of the decane compound is 1 mole, preferably 0.01 mole or more and 3 mole or less, more preferably It is 0.05 mol or more and 1 mol or less.

Examples of the alkali metal compound include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, potassium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, and potassium ethoxide.

The above organic base may, for example, be ethylamine, diethylamine or piperazine. , one or two organic amines such as piperidine, pyrrolidine and pyrrole; triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, pyridine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, diazabicycloundecene, etc. Grade of organic amine; four-stage organic amine such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide. Among these organic bases, preferred are tertiary organic amines such as triethylamine, tri-n-propylamine, tri-n-butylamine, pyridine, and 4-dimethylaminopyridine; and fourth-order organic amines such as tetramethylammonium hydroxide.

The hydrolysis and condensation reaction in the synthesis of a polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group is preferably carried out by dissolving a decane compound having an epoxy group and, if necessary, other decane compounds in an organic solvent, the solution and the organic base. The mixture is mixed with water and heated by a suitable heating device such as an oil bath.

The heating temperature in the hydrolysis and condensation reaction is preferably 130 ° C or lower, more preferably 40 ° C or higher and 100 ° C or lower. The heating time is preferably from 0.5 to 12 hours, more preferably from 1 to 8 hours. Further, the mixed solution may be stirred during heating, or may not be stirred, or the mixed solution may be refluxed.

After completion of the reaction, it is preferred to wash the organic solvent layer separated from the reaction mixture with water. In the case of this washing, it is preferred to use a water containing a small amount of salt, for example, an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate of about 0.2% by mass or the like, to facilitate the washing operation. The washing is carried out until the aqueous layer after washing is neutral, and then the organic solvent layer is dried by using an appropriate desiccant such as anhydrous calcium sulfate or molecular sieve as necessary, and then the solvent is removed, whereby an epoxy group-containing polymer can be obtained as a target product. Organic oxirane.

In the present invention, a commercially available product can be used as the polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group. Examples of such commercially available products include DMS-E01, DMS-E12, DMS-E21, and EMS-32 (the above are manufactured by CHISSO Co., Ltd.).

[Compound represented by the above formula (A1) and a compound represented by the above formula (A2)]

Specific examples of the compound represented by each of the above formulas (A1) and (A2) include a group represented by each of the above formulas (A1') and (A2'), and a bond group of the above-exemplified group A carboxylic acid formed by bonding a hydrogen atom.

[[A] Synthesis method of polyorganosiloxane]

[A] a polyorganosiloxane may be in the group consisting of the above-mentioned polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group, the compound represented by the above formula (A1), and the compound represented by the above formula (A2). The at least one selected compound is preferably obtained by a reaction in the presence of a catalyst and an organic solvent.

The amount of the compound represented by the above formula (A1) and the compound represented by the above formula (A2) in the above reaction is preferably 0.001 based on 1 mol of the epoxy group of the polyorganosiloxane. More than 10 moles, more preferably 0.01 moles to 5 moles, further preferably 0.05 moles to 2 moles, and particularly preferably 0.05 moles to 0.8 moles.

As the catalyst, an organic base or a compound known as a so-called hardening accelerator which promotes the reaction between an epoxy compound and an acid anhydride can be used.

For the above organic base, the description of the organic base used in the synthesis of the polyorganosiloxane having the above epoxy group can be applied.

Examples of the curing accelerator include tertiary amines such as benzyldimethylamine, 2,4,6-glycol (dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, cyclohexyldimethylamine, and triethanolamine; 2-methyl group; Imidazole, 2-n-heptyl imidazole, 2-n-undecylimidazole, 2-phenylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole, 1-benzyl -2-phenylimidazole, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-methylimidazole, 1-(2-cyanide Benzyl)-2-n-undecylimidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenylimidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-ethyl-4-methyl Imidazole, 2-phenyl-4-methyl-5-hydroxymethylimidazole, 2-phenyl-4,5-di(hydroxymethyl)imidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2- Phenyl-4,5-bis[(2'-cyanoethoxy)methyl]imidazole, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-n-undecylimidazolium benzoate, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-phenylimidazolium benzoate, 1-(2-cyanoethyl)-2-ethyl-4-methylimidazolium benzoate 2,4-Diamino-6-[2'-methylimidazolyl-(1')]ethyl symmetrical three 2,4-Diamino-6-(2'-n-undecylimidazolyl)ethyl symmetry III 2,4-Diamino-6-[2'-ethyl-4'-methylimidazolyl-(1')]ethyl symmetrical three , isomeric cyanuric acid addition product of 2-methylimidazole, isomeric cyanuric acid addition product of 2-phenylimidazole, 2,4-diamino-6-[2'-methylimidazolyl- (1')]ethyl symmetry three An imidazole compound such as an isomeric cyanuric acid adduct; an organic phosphorus compound such as diphenylphosphine, triphenylphosphine or triphenyl phosphite; benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride, tetra-n-butylphosphonium bromide, methyl Triphenylphosphonium bromide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, n-butyltriphenylphosphonium bromide, tetraphenylphosphonium bromide, ethyltriphenylphosphonium iodide, ethyltriphenylacetate, Tetra-n-butyl fluorene, o, o-diethyl dithiophosphate, tetra-n-butyl benzotriazole salt, tetra-n-butyl fluorene tetrafluoroborate, tetra-n-butyl fluorene tetraphenyl borate a quaternary phosphonium salt such as tetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate; a diazabicycloalkene such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene, an organic acid salt thereof; zinc octoate; Organometallic compounds such as tin octoate, aluminum acetonitrile acetate complex; tetra-ammonium bromide, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chloride, tetra-n-butylammonium chloride, etc. a salt; a boron compound such as boron trifluoride or triphenyl borate; a metal halide such as zinc chloride or tin chloride; an amine addition accelerator such as an anadiamine or an amine and an epoxy resin. Melting point latent type hardening accelerator a microcapsule-type latent accelerator promoting agent for coating a surface of a hardening accelerator such as an imidazole compound, an organic phosphorus compound or a quaternary phosphonium salt; a amine salt type latent hardening accelerator; a Lewis acid salt, Bruce A latent curing accelerator such as a pyrolysis type thermal cationic polymerization type latent curing accelerator such as a polyacid salt.

Among these, a quaternary ammonium salt such as tetraethylammonium bromide, tetra-n-butylammonium bromide, tetraethylammonium chloride or tetra-n-butylammonium chloride is preferred.

The amount of use of the catalyst is preferably 100 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.01 parts by mass or more and 100 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 0.1 part by mass or more based on 100 parts by mass of the polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group. 20 parts by mass or less.

The reaction of the polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compound represented by the above formula (A1) and the compound represented by the above formula (A2) can be carried out in an organic solvent as needed. In the presence of. Examples of the organic solvent include a hydrocarbon solvent, an ether solvent, an ester solvent, a ketone solvent, a guanamine solvent, and an alcohol solvent. Among them, an ether solvent, an ester solvent, and a ketone solvent are preferable from the viewpoints of solubility of a raw material and a product, and easy production of a product. The solvent is preferably used in a ratio of a solid content concentration (the ratio of the mass of the component other than the solvent in the reaction solution to the total mass of the solution) of 0.1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass to 50% by mass.

The temperature in the above reaction is preferably 0 to 200 ° C, more preferably 50 to 150 ° C. The reaction time is preferably from 0.1 to 50 hours, more preferably from 0.5 to 20 hours.

The method for synthesizing the [A] polyorganosiloxane is introduced by the above formula (A1') and (A2' by ring-opening addition of an epoxy group of a polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group. And a method of selecting at least one group selected from the group consisting of groups. This synthesis method is simple and is also an extremely suitable method for increasing the introduction rate of at least one group selected from the group consisting of the groups represented by the above formulas (A1') and (A2'). .

<[B]polymer>

As the [B] polymer, a polymer having a photo-alignment group in the main chain can be used, and a known polymer can be used, and it is preferable to have a structure represented by the above formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as " The polymer of the structure (1)") (hereinafter also referred to as "specific polymer"). Hereinafter, a specific polymer will be described.

<specific polymer>

In the above formula (1), R ^{10 is} each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom or a cyano group. a are each independently an integer from 0 to 4. " ^* " is the key button.

R ¹⁰ in the above formula (1) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a halogen atom, more preferably a methyl group or a fluorine atom. a is preferably 0 to 2, more preferably 0 or 1.

The specific polymer in the present invention preferably further contains a methylene group or a hydrocarbon having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in addition to the above structure (1). The structure of the base (hereinafter also referred to as "structure (2)"). However, one or more of the methylene group and the (di)alkylmethylene group other than the terminal alkyl group in the alkylene group may be an oxygen atom, an ester bond, or a valence of 5 to 10 carbon atoms. An alicyclic group, an arylene group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, a dialkyl fluorenylene group or a dialkylaryleneoxy group having 2 to 10 fluorene atoms. By further having such a structure, the specific polymer can impart appropriate flexibility to the liquid crystal alignment film formed by the liquid crystal alignment agent containing such a specific polymer, and thus exhibits good liquid crystal alignment. The structure (2) is preferably a structure formed of an alkylene group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

The divalent alicyclic group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms may, for example, be a 1,4-cyclohexylene group.

Examples of the arylene group having 6 to 24 carbon atoms include a 1,3-phenylene group and a 1,4-phenylene group.

The dialkylaryleneoxy group having 2 to 10 fluorene atoms may, for example, be a group represented by the following formula.

In the above formula, b is each independently an integer of 1-8. c is an integer from 1 to 9. " ^* " is indicated as a key.

Examples of the above structure (2) include 1,2-extended ethyl group, 1,4-tert-butyl group, 1,6-extended hexyl group, 1,8-extenyl group, and 1,10-extension group. 1,12-Exodecyl group and a structure formed by a group represented by the following formula.

In the above formula, " ^* " is indicated as a key.

The content ratio of the above structure (1) in the specific polymer is preferably 5 × 10 ^-4 mol / g to 4 × 10 ^-3 mol / g, more preferably 1 × 10 ^-3 mol / g ^- 3.5 ×10 ^-3 mol/g, further preferably 1.5 × 10 ^-3 mol / g - 3 × 10 ^-3 mol / g.

The content ratio of the above structure (2) in the specific polymer is preferably 6 × 10 ^-3 mol / g or less, more preferably 1 × 10 ^-3 mol / g - 6 × 10 ^-3 mol / g, Further more preferably, it is 1.5 × 10 ^-3 mol / g ~ 4 × 10 ^-3 mol / g.

The structures (1) and (2) in the specific polymer may each be located at one or more positions selected from the main chain, the side chain, and the terminal of the polymer, but are located on the main chain of the polymer, and can be reduced. The pretilt angle of the formed liquid crystal alignment film is preferable.

As the main skeleton of the specific polymer in the present invention, for example, polyorganosiloxane, polyglycolic acid, polyimine, polyphthalate, polyester, polyamine, polyoxyalkylene, cellulose can be cited. Reactants, polyacetals, polystyrene derivatives, poly(styrene-phenylmaleimide) derivatives, poly(meth)acrylates, reactants of polyfunctional carboxylic acids and polyfunctional epoxy compounds Wait. Among them, a reactant of a polyfunctional carboxylic acid and a polyfunctional epoxy compound is preferred.

The reactant of the polyfunctional carboxylic acid and the polyfunctional epoxy compound which are specific polymers in the present invention can be produced by any method as long as it has the above structure (1), but a polyfunctional epoxy compound containing a diepoxide compound. And a reaction product containing a polyfunctional carboxylic acid having a dicarboxylic acid having the structure (1), which is easy to separate from a specific method and a specific polymer. The viewpoint of refinement is preferred. Hereinafter, a method for producing a specific polymer which is preferable in the present invention will be described in detail.

<Synthesis method of specific polymer> [Polyfunctional epoxy compound]

Polyfunctional epoxy compounds useful in the manufacture of the preferred polymers of the present invention, including diepoxides. The diepoxy compound may be a compound having two epoxy groups, or a compound formed by bonding the two epoxy groups, and may further have the above structure in addition to the two epoxy groups (2) )compound of. Diepoxide compound by making Further, the compound having the above structure (2) in addition to the two epoxy groups, the specific polymer obtained has the structure (2) in addition to the structure (1), and thus is preferable.

Examples of the compound of the above formula (DE-1) include a compound represented by the following formula (DE-1). In addition, examples of the compound having the above-mentioned structure (2) in addition to the two epoxy groups include compounds represented by the following formulae (DE-2) to (DE-11). Further, the diepoxy compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

As the polyfunctional epoxy compound in the present invention, other polyfunctional epoxy compounds may be used together with the above-mentioned diepoxy compound. Other polyfunctional epoxy compounds which may be used herein are preferably compounds having 3 or more epoxy groups, more preferably compounds having 3 or 4 epoxy groups, and examples thereof include trimethylolpropane tricyclic rings. Oxypropyl propyl ether, N, N, N', N'-tetraepoxypropyl m-xylene diamine, 1,3-bis(N,N-diepoxypropylaminomethyl)cyclohexane, N, N, N', N'-tetraepoxypropyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane or the like is preferred as the compound. In addition, as the polyfunctional epoxy compound, one or more selected from the group consisting of these may be used.

The proportion of the diepoxy compound used in the polyfunctional epoxy compound is preferably 1 mol, more preferably more than 0.5 mol, more preferably more than 0.5 mol and less than 0.999 mol, based on the total of the polyfunctional epoxy compound. More preferably, it is more than 0.8 mol and is 0.998 m or less, particularly preferably more than 0.9 m and not more than 0.995 m. By achieving such a use ratio, the effects of the present invention are not impaired, and the light resistance and heat resistance of the electrical characteristics of the formed liquid crystal alignment film can be further improved.

[polyfunctional carboxylic acid]

The polyfunctional carboxylic acid used for producing the preferred specific polymer of the present invention includes a compound having at least one or more of the above structures (1) and two carboxyl groups (hereinafter also referred to as "dicarboxylic acid"). Examples of such a dicarboxylic acid include a compound represented by the following formula (DC-1) to (DC-4). Further, the dicarboxylic acid may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

As the polyfunctional carboxylic acid in the present invention, other polyfunctional carboxylic acids may be used together with the above dicarboxylic acid. The other polyfunctional carboxylic acid which can be used herein is a polyfunctional carboxylic acid which does not have the above structure (1), preferably a compound having three or more carboxyl groups, more preferably a compound having three or four carboxyl groups.

Examples of such other polyfunctional carboxylic acids include trimellitic acid, pyromellitic acid, 1,3,5-gin(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, and 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid. An acid, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid or the like is a preferred compound. Further, one or more of these other polyfunctional carboxylic acids may be used.

The proportion of the dicarboxylic acid used in the polyfunctional carboxylic acid is preferably 1 mol, more preferably more than 0.5 mol, more preferably more than 0.5 mol and less than 0.999 mol, more preferably more than 1 mol. It is more than 0.8 moles and is below 0.998 moles, particularly preferably more than 0.9 moles and less than 0.995 moles. By forming such a use ratio, the effect of the present invention is not impaired, and the light resistance and heat resistance of electrical characteristics can be further improved.

[Method for producing specific polymer]

The specific polymer preferred in the present invention can be obtained by reacting the above polyfunctional epoxy compound with a polyfunctional carboxylic acid, preferably in a suitable organic solvent.

The ratio of use of the polyfunctional epoxy compound and the polyfunctional carboxylic acid in the production of the specific polymer is preferably 0.8 mol or more and 1.2 mol or less, based on the amount of the polyfunctional carboxylic acid used for the 1 mol polyfunctional epoxy compound. More preferably 0.9 or more and 1.1 moles or less.

The organic solvent which can be used when the polyfunctional epoxy compound and the polyfunctional carboxylic acid are reacted may, for example, be an aliphatic hydrocarbon, a phenolic solvent, an ether, an ester, a ketone or an aprotic polar solvent. Among them, the use of a phenolic solvent or an aprotic polar solvent is preferred from the viewpoints of solubility of raw materials and products.

Examples of the preferred organic solvent include phenolic solvents such as m-cresol, xylenol, phenol, and halogenated phenol; N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and N,N-dimethylacetamide; Aproticity of N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylimidazolidinone, dimethyl hydrazine, γ-butyrolactone, tetramethylurea, hexamethylphosphonium triamine Polar solvent, etc.

The organic solvent is preferably used in a ratio of a solid content concentration (the ratio of the mass of the component other than the organic solvent in the reaction solution to the total mass of the solution) of 5% by mass or more, more preferably 10% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. .

The reaction of the polyfunctional epoxy compound with the polyfunctional carboxylic acid can be carried out in the presence of a catalyst as needed. As such a catalyst, in addition to the organic base, a compound known as a so-called curing accelerator which promotes the reaction between the epoxy compound and the acid anhydride can be used.

The organic base may be the same as the organic base used in the synthesis of [A] polyorganosiloxane.

The use ratio of the catalyst is preferably 30 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the polyfunctional epoxy compound and the polyfunctional carboxylic acid.

The reaction temperature of the polyfunctional epoxy compound and the polyfunctional carboxylic acid is preferably 25° C. or higher and 200° C. or lower, and more preferably 40° C. or higher and 180° C. or lower. Further, the reaction time is preferably 10 minutes or longer and 48 hours or shorter, more preferably 1 hour or longer and 24 hours or shorter.

The terminal of the specific polymer in the present invention may be a carboxyl group or an epoxy group, or may be an epoxy group which is opened by hydrolysis or the like. In the present invention, the specific polymer can be directly supplied to the preparation of the alignment agent even if the terminal is not specifically modified. However, it is also possible to carry out a reaction by adding a monoepoxy compound such as a monocarboxylic acid such as benzoic acid or a benzylepoxypropyl ether at the time of production or after the production of the specific polymer of the present invention to form a terminally modified specific polymerization. After the product, it is supplied to the preparation of the alignment agent.

<[C]polyglycine and/or polyimine]

The liquid crystal alignment agent contains [C] polylysine and/or polyimine having decomposable photo-alignment. Here, the decomposed photo-alignment property means that when a polarized or non-polarized ultraviolet light is irradiated, a light cracking reaction occurs in a part of the structure of the polymer main chain or the side chain, and the liquid crystal alignment function is exhibited. .

The conditions for causing the light-cracking reaction described above include, for example, a polarized light or a non-polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 200 nm or more and 300 nm or less, and an irradiation amount of 2,000 J/m ² or more. Further, as a condition for more likely to cause a light cracking reaction, the wavelength is preferably 220 nm or more and 280 nm or less, and particularly preferably 254 nm. The irradiation amount is preferably 4,000 J/m ² or more, more preferably 6,000 J/m ² or more, still more preferably 8,000 J/m ² or more.

As the [C] polyglycine and/or polyimine, a known one can be used, but the polyamic acid preferably has the following formula (c-1) to (c-4). Any one of the structural units, and the polyimine preferably has a structural unit represented by the following formula (c-5) or the following formula (c-6).

In the above formulae (c-1) to (c-6), R ^c1 and R ^c2 are each independently a divalent organic group.

As the polyamine acid in [C] polyglycine and/or polyimine, a polymer having a bicyclo [2.2.2] octene skeleton or a cyclobutane skeleton is preferred. The polyamic acid can be synthesized, for example, by reacting a diamine compound with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a bicyclo [2.2.2] octene skeleton or a cyclobutane skeleton in an organic solvent.

Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a bicyclo[2.2.2]octene skeleton include, for example, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 7-A. Base-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 7-ethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5 ,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 7-n-propyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 7-n-butyl-bicyclo[2.2 .2] oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 7-t-butyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6- Tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1-methyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1-methyl-7-methyl-bicyclo[2.2 .2] oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1-methyl-7-ethyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5 ,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1-methyl-7-n-propyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1-methyl -7-n-butyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1-methyl-7-t-butyl-bicyclo[2.2.2 ] oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and the like. Among them, preferred is bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1-methyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2, 3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 7-methyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1-methyl-7- Methyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, more preferably bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5, 6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 7-methyl-bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, further preferably bicyclo[2.2.2] octane -7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a cyclobutane skeleton include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 1,3-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-ring. Butane tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the like. Among them, preferred is 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.

The content ratio of the phthalic acid structural unit derived from the tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a bicyclo [2.2.2] octene skeleton or a cyclobutane skeleton to the phthalic acid structural unit in the above polyamic acid, relative to the entire structure of the entire polymer The unit is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 30 mol% or more, still more preferably 50 mol% or more.

A method for synthesizing other tetracarboxylic dianhydride, diamine compound, and polyglycolic acid which can be used when synthesizing [C] polyphthalic acid and/or polyphthalamide in polyimine, and can be described later as The polylysine shown by the polymer was obtained in the same manner.

[C] Polyimine in polylysine and/or polyimine, which can be synthesized by dehydration ring closure of the proline structure of the above polyamic acid, and can be used as other polymers as described later. The polyimine shown is obtained in the same manner.

<Other ingredients>

The other components which may be contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent include, for example, polymers other than [A] to [C] (hereinafter also referred to as "other polymers"), a curing agent, a curing catalyst, a curing accelerator, and the like. At least one epoxy group compound (however, equivalent to [A] polyorganosiloxane, hereinafter also referred to as "epoxy compound"), functional decane compound (however, equivalent to [A] polyorganosiloxane Except for alkanes), surfactants, etc. Hereinafter, each component will be described in detail.

[Other polymers]

The above other polymers can be used to further improve the solution characteristics of the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention and the electrical characteristics of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film. As such another polymer, at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of [D] polylysine having no photo-alignment group and polyimine having no photo-alignment group can be suitably used. Further, polyorganosiloxane (other than "polyorganosiloxane" hereinafter) other than the above [A] polyorganosiloxane. Further, in addition to this, polyphthalate, polyester, polyamine, cellulose derivative, polyacetal, polystyrene derivative, poly(styrene-phenylmaleimide) may also be mentioned. Derivatives, poly(meth)acrylates, and the like. Hereinafter, the [D] polymer and other polyorganosiloxanes will be described.

[[D]polymer]

The [D] polymer is at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polylysine having no photo-alignment group and polyamidene having no photo-alignment group.

(polyglycine)

The polyamic acid can be obtained by reacting a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with a diamine.

Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid include aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

Examples of the aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include butane tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the like.

Examples of the alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride, and 1,3. 3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-5-(tetrahydro-2,5-di-oxo-3-furanyl)-naphthalene[1,2-c]furan-1,3-dione, 1, 3,3a,4,5,9b-hexahydro-8-methyl-5-(tetrahydro-2,5-di-oxo-3-furanyl)-naphthalene[1,2-c]furan-1, 3-diketone, 3-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-2,4-dione-6-spiro-3'-(tetrahydrofuran-2',5'-dione), 5-(2,5 - two-sided oxytetrahydro-3-furanyl)-3-methyl-3-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride, 3,5,6-tricarboxy-2-carboxymethylnorbornane- 2:3,5:6-dianhydride, 2,4,6,8-tetracarboxybicyclo[3.3.0]octane-2:3,5:6-dianhydride, 4,9-dioxatricyclo [5.3.1.0 ^2,6 ] undecane-3,5,8,10-tetraketone, etc.

Examples of the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include pyromellitic dianhydride and the like.

In addition to the above-mentioned tetracarboxylic dianhydride, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 2009-157556, JP-A-2009-169224, and JP-A-2008-20899 can be used.

As the tetracarboxylic dianhydride for synthesizing the above polyamic acid, it preferably comprises an alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and more preferably, it comprises a 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride. And at least one of the group consisting of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride further preferably contains 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride.

As the tetracarboxylic dianhydride for synthesizing the above polyamic acid, it is preferable to contain 10 mol% or more of 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride with respect to all tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and At least one of the group consisting of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, more preferably 20 mol% or more, still more preferably only 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentane At least one of the group consisting of acetal dianhydride and 1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride is formed.

Examples of the diamine used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid include an aliphatic diamine, an alicyclic diamine, an aromatic diamine, a diamine organic decane, and the like.

Examples of the aliphatic diamine include m-xylylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, tetramethylenediamine, pentamethylenediamine, and hexamethylenediamine.

Examples of the alicyclic diamine include 1,4-diaminocyclohexane, 4,4'-methylenebis(cyclohexylamine), and 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane. Alkane, etc.

Examples of the aromatic diamine include p-phenylenediamine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, and 1,5-diaminonaphthalene. , 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)biphenyl, 2,7-di Aminoguanidine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 9,9-bis(4-aminophenyl) , 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane, 4,4'-( P-phenyldiisopropylidene)diphenylamine, 4,4'-(m-phenyldiisopropylidene)diphenylamine, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 4,4' - bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 3,4-diaminopyridine, 2,4-diaminopyrimidine, 3,6-diaminoacridine , 3,6-diaminocarbazole, N-methyl-3,6-diaminocarbazole, N-ethyl-3,6-diaminocarbazole, N-phenyl-3,6- Diaminocarbazole, N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)benzidine, N,N'-bis(4-aminophenyl)-N,N'-dimethylbenzidine, 1 ,4-bis(4-aminophenyl)perazine , 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, dodecyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, tetradecyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, pentadecyloxy-2,4 -diaminobenzene,hexadecanyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, octadecyloxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, dodecyloxy-2,5-diaminobenzene , tetradecyloxy-2,5-diaminobenzene, pentadecyloxy-2,5-diaminobenzene, cetyloxy-2,5-diaminobenzene, octadecyloxy Base-2,5-diaminobenzene, cholestyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestyloxy-3,5-diaminobenzene, cholestyloxy-2,4 -diaminobenzene, cholesteneoxy-2,4-diaminobenzene, cholesteryl 3,5-diaminobenzoate, cholesteryl 3,5-diaminobenzoate , 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid lanthanum alkyl ester, 3,6-bis(4-aminobenzylideneoxy)cholestane, 3,6-bis(4-aminophenoxy) Cholestane, 4-(4'-trifluoromethoxybenzylideneoxy)cyclohexyl-3,5-diaminobenzoate, 4-(4'-trifluoromethylbenzonitrileoxy) Cyclohexyl-3,5-diaminobenzoate, 1,1-bis(4-((aminophenyl)methyl)phenyl)-4-butylcyclohexane, 1,1 - bis(4-((aminophenyl)methyl)phenyl)-4-heptylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis(4- ((Aminophenoxy)methyl)phenyl)-4-heptylcyclohexane, 1,1-bis(4-((aminophenyl)methyl)phenyl)-4-(4- Heptylcyclohexyl)cyclohexane, a compound represented by the following formula (D-1), and the like.

In the above formula (D-1), X ¹ is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, ^* -O-, ^* -COO- or ^* -OCO-. Here, " ^* " indicates a site bonded to a diaminophenyl group. h is 0 or 1. i is an integer from 0 to 2. j is an integer from 1 to 20.

X ¹ in the above formula (D-1) is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, ^* -O- or ^* -COO-.

The group C _j H _2j+1 - in the above formula (D-1) may, for example, be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a n-propyl group, a n-butyl group, a n-pentyl group, a n-hexyl group, a n-heptyl group or a n-octyl group. Base, n-decyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, n-tridecyl, n-tetradecyl, n-pentadecyl, n-hexadecyl, n-heptadecyl, n-octadecane Base, n-nonadecyl, n-icosyl and the like.

The two amine groups in the diaminophenyl group are preferably at the 2,4-position or the 3,5-position relative to the other groups.

In the above formula (D-1), it is preferable that h and i are not 0 at the same time.

Specific examples of the compound represented by the above formula (D-1) include compounds represented by the following formulas (D-1-1) to (D-1-4).

Examples of the above-mentioned diamine organooxosiloxane include 1,3-bis(3-aminopropyl)-tetramethyldioxane.

In addition to the above, the diamine described in Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-157556, JP-A-2009-169224, and JP-A-2008-20899 can be used as the diamine for the synthesis of the polyamine. .

Further, these diamines may be used singly or in combination of two or more.

The ratio of use of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride to the diamine to be supplied to the polyaminic acid synthesis reaction is preferably 0.2 to 2 equivalents based on 1 equivalent of the amine group contained in the diamine compound. The ratio is further preferably a ratio of 0.3 to 1.2 equivalents.

The synthesis reaction of poly-proline is preferably carried out in an organic solvent, preferably at -20 ° C to 150 ° C, more preferably at a temperature of 0 ° C to 100 ° C, preferably 0.5 to 24 hours, more preferably It is 2 hours to 10 hours.

Here, the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve the synthesized polyaminic acid, and examples thereof include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N. Aprotic polar solvents such as N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylimidazolidone, dimethyl hydrazine, γ-butyrolactone, tetramethylurea, hexamethylphosphonium triamine a phenolic solvent such as m-cresol, xylenol, phenol or halogenated phenol.

The amount (a) of the organic solvent used is preferably such that the total amount (b) of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine compound is from 0.1% by mass to 50% by mass based on the total amount (a+b) of the reaction solution. Preferably, the amount is from 5 mass% to 30 mass%.

As described above, a reaction solution formed by dissolving polylysine can be obtained. The reaction solution may be directly supplied to the liquid crystal alignment agent, or may be prepared by separating the polyamic acid contained in the reaction solution and then supplying the liquid crystal alignment agent, or may further purify the separated polyamic acid. The preparation of the liquid crystal alignment agent is supplied.

When polypyridic acid is dehydrated and closed to form a polyimine, the reaction solution may be directly supplied to a dehydration ring closure reaction, or the polyamic acid contained in the reaction solution may be separated and then supplied to a dehydration ring closure reaction. Alternatively, the separated polylysine may be purified and then supplied to a dehydration ring closure reaction. The separation of the polyamic acid can be carried out by injecting the above reaction solution into a large amount of a weak solvent to obtain a precipitate, and drying the precipitate under reduced pressure; or using an evaporator to reduce the organic solvent in the reaction solution. The method of pressure distillation and the like are carried out. Further, the polyfluorene acid is re-dissolved in an organic solvent, and then precipitated by a weak solvent, or a method of performing a vacuum distillation step using one or more evaporators. Amino acid.

(polyimine)

The above polyimine can be synthesized by dehydration ring closure of the proline structure of the polylysine obtained as described above. At this time, the entire proline structure can be subjected to dehydration ring closure and completely ruthenium imidization, or a part of the proline structure can be dehydrated and closed to form a partial quinone imine with a proline structure and a quinone imine structure. Compound. The dehydration ring closure of polylysine may be carried out by (i) heating the poly-proline, or (ii) dissolving the poly-proline in an organic solvent, and adding a dehydrating agent and a dehydration ring-closing catalyst to the solution. And according to the method of heating required.

The reaction temperature in the above (i) method of heating the polyamic acid is preferably from 50 ° C to 200 ° C, more preferably from 60 ° C to 170 ° C. When the reaction temperature is less than 50 ° C, the dehydration ring-closure reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and if the reaction temperature exceeds 200 ° C, the molecular weight of the obtained polyimine decreases. The reaction time in the method of heating the polyamic acid is preferably from 0.5 to 48 hours, more preferably from 2 to 20 hours.

On the other hand, in the method of (ii) adding a dehydrating agent and a dehydration ring-closure catalyst to the solution of the poly-proline, as the dehydrating agent, an acid anhydride such as acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride or trifluoroacetic anhydride can be used. The amount of the dehydrating agent to be used is preferably from 0.01 mol to 20 mol based on 1 mol of the polyglycine structural unit. Further, as the dehydration ring-closure catalyst, a tertiary amine such as pyridine, Colin base, dimethylpyridine or triethylamine can be used. However, it is not limited to these. The amount of the dehydration ring-closure catalyst used is preferably from 0.01 mol to 10 mol with respect to 1 mol of the dehydrating agent used. The organic solvent which can be used for the dehydration ring-closure reaction is exemplified as an organic solvent exemplified as the organic solvent used in the synthesis of polylysine. The reaction temperature of the dehydration ring closure reaction is preferably from 0 ° C to 180 ° C, more preferably from 10 ° C to 150 ° C, and the reaction time is preferably from 0.5 to 20 hours, more preferably from 1 to 8 hours.

The polyimine obtained in the above method (i) can be directly supplied to a liquid crystal alignment agent, or the obtained polyimine can be purified and then supplied to a liquid crystal alignment agent. On the other hand, in the above method (ii), a reaction solution containing polyienimine can be obtained. The reaction solution may be directly supplied to the liquid crystal alignment agent, or may be supplied to the liquid crystal alignment agent after removing the dehydrating agent and the dehydration ring-closing catalyst from the reaction solution. The preparation may be carried out by dissolving the polyimine and then supplying the liquid crystal alignment agent, or may further purifying the separated polyimine and then supplying the liquid crystal alignment agent. The dehydrating agent and the dehydration ring-closure catalyst are removed from the reaction solution, and a method such as solvent replacement can be applied. Separation and purification of the polyimine can be carried out by performing the same operation as the above separation and purification method of polyglycolic acid.

Further, the polyacrylic acid or polyimine is preferably a polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of 1,000 to 500,000, particularly preferably 2,000 to 300,000, and Mw. The ratio (Mw/Mn) of the polystyrene-equivalent number average molecular weight (Mn) obtained by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement is preferably 15 or less, and particularly preferably 10 or less. Because of such a molecular weight range, good alignment and stability of the liquid crystal display element can be ensured.

(other polyorganosiloxane)

The other polyorganosiloxane in the present invention is a polyorganosiloxane such as the above [A] polyorganosiloxane. Such other polyorganosiloxanes can be selected, for example, from at least a group consisting of an alkoxydecane compound and a halogenated decane compound, preferably in a suitable organic solvent in the presence of water and a catalyst. A decane compound (hereinafter also referred to as "raw material decane compound") is synthesized by hydrolysis and condensation.

The starting decane compound used herein may, for example, be tetramethoxy decane, tetraethoxy decane, tetra-n-propoxy decane, tetraisopropoxy decane, tetra-n-butoxy decane or tetra-butoxy Base decane, tetrabutoxy decane, tetrachloro decane; methyltrimethoxy decane, methyl triethoxy decane, methyl tri-n-propoxy decane, methyl triisopropoxy Decane, methyltri-n-butoxydecane, methyltri-n-butoxydecane, methyltri-tert-butoxydecane, methyltriphenyloxydecane, methyltrichlorodecane, ethyltrimethoxy Decane, ethyltriethoxydecane, ethyltri-n-propoxydecane, ethyltriisopropoxydecane, ethyltri-n-butoxydecane, ethyltri-t-butoxydecane, ethyltri Third butoxy decane, ethyl trichloro decane, phenyl trimethoxy decane, phenyl triethoxy decane, phenyl trichloro decane, dimethyl dimethoxy decane, dimethyl diethoxy Decane, dimethyl dichlorodecane, trimethyl methoxy decane, trimethyl ethoxy decane, trimethyl chloro decane, and the like. It is preferred to use one or more of them, and it is particularly preferred to use tetramethoxynonane, tetraethoxydecane, methyltrimethoxydecane, methyltriethoxydecane, phenyltrimethoxydecane, phenyl. At least one selected from the group consisting of triethoxy decane, dimethyl dimethoxy decane, dimethyl diethoxy decane, trimethyl methoxy decane, and trimethyl ethoxy decane. The other polyorganosiloxane in the present invention can be synthesized in the same manner as the method described in the method for synthesizing a polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group, in addition to the above-described starting decane compound.

For other polyorganosiloxanes, the polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight measured by gel permeation chromatography is preferably from 1,000 to 100,000, more preferably from 5,000 to 50,000.

Further, in the liquid crystal alignment agent containing [A] polyoxane or [B] polymer, it is used under conditions which do not cause photocracking reaction of [C] polyphthalic acid and/or polyimine. In this case, the effect of the invention due to the decomposable photo-alignment property is not substantially obtained, and therefore, [C] poly-proline and/or polyimine may be contained as another polymer.

(Use ratio of other polymers)

When the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains at least one of the other polymers and the above [A] to [C], the ratio of use of the other polymer is 100 parts by mass based on the total of [A] to [C]. It is preferably 10,000 parts by mass or less. The preferred ratio of other polymers varies depending on the type of other polymers. Further, in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention, when at least one of [A] to [C] and the [D] polymer are contained, the ratio of use of the liquid crystal alignment agent is preferably in comparison with the total of [A] to [C]. The total amount of the [D] polymer is 10 to 5,000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 2,000 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass. Further, in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention, when at least one of [A] to [C] and other polyorganosiloxanes are used, the ratio of use of the liquid crystal alignment agent is preferably relative to [A] to [C]. The total amount of the polyorganosiloxane is 5 to 2,000 parts by mass in total of 100 parts by mass.

[hardener and hardening catalyst]

As the curing agent, a curing hardening agent which is generally used for a curable compound having an epoxy group or a curable composition containing a compound having an epoxy group can be used, and examples thereof include a polyamine, a polycarboxylic acid anhydride, and a polycarboxylic acid. Acid, etc.

Examples of the polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydride include cyclohexane tricarboxylic anhydride and other polycarboxylic acid anhydrides. Examples of the cyclohexane tricarboxylic anhydride include cyclohexane-1,3,4-tricarboxylic acid-3,4-anhydride, cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid-3,5-anhydride. , cyclohexane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid-2,3-anhydride, and the like. Examples of the other polycarboxylic acid anhydride include 4-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride, nadic acid anhydride, dodecenyl succinic anhydride, succinic anhydride, maleic anhydride, and phthalic acid. Formic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, under a compound represented by the formula (CA-1) and an alicyclic compound having a conjugated double bond such as tetracarboxylic dianhydride, α-p-capadiene or bellerolene which are generally used in the synthesis of polyproline. Diels with maleic anhydride. Diels-Alder Reaction products and their hydrides, and the like.

In the above formula (CA-1), k is an integer of 1 to 20.

Examples of the curing catalyst include a ruthenium hexafluoride compound, a phosphorus hexafluoride compound, and aluminum triacetate. These catalysts can catalyze the cationic polymerization of epoxy groups by heating.

Examples of the hardening accelerator include an imidazole compound; a quaternary phosphorus compound; a quaternary amine compound; and a diaza complex such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene or an organic acid salt thereof. Bicyclic olefin; organometallic compound such as zinc octoate, tin octylate, aluminum acetate complex; boron compound such as boron trifluoride or triphenyl borate; metal halide such as zinc chloride or tin chloride; a high melting point dispersion type latent hardening accelerator such as an amine addition accelerator such as an amine, an amine and an epoxy resin; A microcapsule latent hardening accelerator coated with a polymer such as a quaternary phosphonium salt; an amine salt type latent hardening accelerator; a latent thermal cationic polymerization type potential such as a Lewis acid salt or a Brucenic acid salt Sex hardening accelerator, etc.

[epoxy compound]

The epoxy compound may be contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion of the formed liquid crystal alignment film to the surface of the substrate. As such an epoxy compound, ethylene glycol diepoxypropyl ether, polyethylene glycol diepoxypropyl ether, propylene glycol diepoxypropyl ether, tripropylene glycol diepoxypropyl ether, polypropylene glycol is preferable. Diepoxypropyl ether, neopentyl glycol diepoxypropyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diepoxypropyl ether, glycerol diepoxypropyl ether, 2,2-dibromopentazone Glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3,5,6-tetraepoxypropyl-2,4-hexanediol, N,N,N',N'-tetraepoxypropyl-m-xylene Diamine, 1,3-bis(N,N-diepoxypropylaminomethyl)cyclohexane, N,N,N',N'-tetraepoxypropyl-4,4'-diamine Diphenylmethane, N,N-diepoxypropyl-benzylamine, N,N-diepoxypropyl-aminomethylcyclohexane, and the like.

When the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains an epoxy compound, the content ratio thereof is preferably 40 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the above [A] to [C] and any other polymer used arbitrarily. Good is 0.1~30 parts by mass.

Further, when the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains an epoxy compound, in order to efficiently generate a crosslinking reaction thereof, a base catalyst such as 1-benzyl-2-methylimidazole may be used in combination.

[functional decane compound]

In order to improve the adhesion of the obtained liquid crystal alignment film to a substrate, the above-described functional decane compound can be used. The functional decane compound may, for example, be 3-aminopropyltrimethoxydecane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxydecane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxydecane or 2-aminopropyltri Ethoxy decane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxydecane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxy Decane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxydecane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxydecane, N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxydecane, N-ethoxycarbonyl- 3-Aminopropyltriethoxydecane, N-triethoxydecylpropyltriamine, N-trimethoxydecylpropyltriamine, 10-trimethoxydecyl -1,4,7-triazadecane, 10-triethoxydecyl-1,4,7-triazadecane, 9-trimethoxydecyl-3,6-diazaindole Acetate, 9-triethoxydecyl-3,6-diazaindolyl acetate, N-benzyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxydecane, N-benzyl-3- Aminopropyltriethoxydecane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxydecane, N-phenyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxydecane, N-bis(oxyethylene) )-3-aminopropyltrimethyl Baseline, N-bis(oxyvinyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxydecane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxydecane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl Ethyltrimethoxydecane, and the like. Further, a reaction product of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a decane compound having an amine group described in JP-A-63-291922 can also be used.

When the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a functional decane compound, the content thereof is preferably 50 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the above [A] to [C] and any other polymer used arbitrarily. More preferably, it is 20 mass parts or less.

[Surfactant]

Examples of the surfactant include a nonionic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, a cationic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, a polyoxynized surfactant, a polyalkylene oxide surfactant, and a fluorine-containing surfactant. Wait. When the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains a surfactant, the content ratio thereof is preferably 10 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 1 part by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the total of the liquid crystal alignment agent.

A liquid crystal alignment agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film in a PSA liquid crystal display device of the present invention, comprising a polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignment group of [A], and [B] a photo-alignment group having a photo-alignment group in the main chain. And at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of [C] polylysine having a decomposable photo-alignment property and/or polyimine, wherein preferably comprises [A] polyorganic The at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of siloxane and [B] polymer more preferably contains [A] polyorganosiloxane.

The liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention preferably further contains a [D] polymer, and when the total solid content of the polymers [A] to [C] is 100 parts by mass, the use ratio is from 10 parts by mass to 5,000 parts by mass. It is preferably 100 parts by mass to 2,000 parts by mass.

[solvent]

The liquid crystal alignment agent is preferably prepared as a solution-like composition in which each component is dissolved in an organic solvent. The organic solvent which can be used for preparing the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is preferably a solvent which dissolves the polymers [A] to [C] contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent and other components which are used arbitrarily, and which does not react with them.

The organic solvent which can be preferably used in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention differs depending on the kind of other polymer which is optionally added. When the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains the [A] polyorganosiloxane and the [D] polymer, the organic solvent which can be used is the same as the organic solvent exemplified as the solvent used in the synthesis of the polyamic acid. Solvent. At this time, a weak solvent exemplified as a solvent which can be used in the synthesis of the polyamic acid of the present invention can also be used at the same time. These organic solvents may be used singly or in combination of two or more.

On the other hand, when the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention contains only [A] polyorganosiloxane as a polymer, or contains [A] polyorganosiloxane and other polyorganosiloxanes, but does not contain [D] In the case of a polymer, preferred examples of the organic solvent include 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, propylene glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol monoacetate, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, and Propylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol propyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (butyl cycad), ethylene Alcohol monopentyl ether, ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, diethylene glycol, methyl cyproterone acetate, ethyl cyproterone acetate, propyl cyproterone acetate, butyl cyanobacteria Acid ester, methyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol, propyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, acetic acid second Butyl ester, n-amyl acetate, second amyl acetate, 3-methoxybutyl acetate, methyl amyl acetate, 2-ethylbutyl acetate, 2-ethylhexyl acetate, benzyl acetate , n-hexyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate, octyl acetate, amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and the like. Among them, preferred are n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, second butyl acetate, n-amyl acetate, and second amyl acetate.

A preferred solvent which can be used for preparing the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention can be obtained by combining one or two or more kinds of the above organic solvents depending on whether or not other polymers are used and the kind of the polymer, and they are preferably solids as described below. In the component concentration, the components contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent are not precipitated, and the surface tension of the liquid crystal alignment agent can be in the range of 25 to 40 mN/m.

The solid content concentration of the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention, that is, the ratio of the mass of all components other than the solvent in the liquid crystal alignment agent to the total mass of the liquid crystal alignment agent, is selected in consideration of viscosity, volatility, etc., preferably 1 to 10 mass. The range of %. The liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is applied onto the surface of the substrate to form a coating film as a liquid crystal alignment film. However, when the solid content concentration is less than 1% by mass, the film thickness of the coating film is too small, and it is difficult to obtain a good liquid crystal alignment. The condition of the membrane. On the other hand, when the solid content concentration exceeds 10% by mass, the film thickness of the coating film is too large, and it is difficult to obtain a favorable liquid crystal alignment film, and the viscosity of the liquid crystal alignment agent increases, and the coating property is insufficient. The particularly preferable solid content concentration range differs depending on the method employed when the liquid crystal alignment agent is coated on the substrate. For example, when the spin coating method is employed, it is particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 to 4.5% by mass. When using the printing method, the solid concentration is preferably in the range of 3 to 9% by mass, and thus the solution viscosity is 12 mPa. s~50mPa. The scope of s. When the inkjet method is used, it is particularly preferable that the solid content concentration is in the range of 1 to 5% by mass, and thus the solution viscosity is 3 mPa. s~15mPa. The scope of s. The temperature at which the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is prepared is preferably 0 ° C to 200 ° C, more preferably 0 ° C to 40 ° C.

<Liquid alignment film>

The liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is a liquid crystal alignment film in a PSA liquid crystal display device, and is formed by, for example, a photoalignment method using the liquid crystal alignment agent. The liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is preferably used in a liquid crystal display device of a transverse electric field type such as an IPS method or an FFS method, and the effect of the present invention is maximized.

In order to form the liquid crystal alignment film, a method of applying a liquid crystal alignment agent onto a substrate to form a coating film, and irradiating the formed coating film with a radiation step may be employed.

Here, when the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is used for a liquid crystal display element having a transverse electric field type liquid crystal cell, a substrate having an electrode having a comb-shaped pattern formed of a transparent conductive film or a metal film on one surface, and an electrode not provided The counter substrate is used as a pair of substrates, and the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is applied to the surface on which the comb-shaped electrodes are formed and the surface of the counter substrate, respectively, to form a coating film.

As the substrate, for example, a transparent substrate made of glass such as float glass or soda lime glass, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyether oxime, or polycarbonate can be used. Wait.

As the transparent conductive film, for example, an ITO film formed of In ₂ O ₃ —SnO ₂ , a NESA (registered trademark) film formed of SnO ₂ , or the like can be used.

As the metal film, for example, a film made of a metal such as chromium can be used. For the patterning of the transparent conductive film and the metal film, for example, a method of forming a pattern by photolithography, sputtering, or the like after forming a transparent conductive film having no pattern, or using a desired pattern when forming a transparent conductive film can be used. The method of the mask, etc.

In the FFS mode, a common electrode, an insulating layer, a signal electrode, and a liquid crystal alignment film are sequentially formed on the surface of one liquid crystal layer side of a pair of substrates of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention. As the above-mentioned ordinary electrode, for example, a NESA film (registered trademark of PPG, USA) formed of tin oxide (SnO ₂ ), an ITO film formed of indium tin oxide (In ₂ O ₃ -SnO ₂ ), or the like can be used. The shape of the ordinary electrode may be a so-called "Beta film" which does not have a pattern formed on one surface of the substrate, or may be a pattern electrode having an arbitrary pattern. The thickness of the ordinary electrode is preferably from 10 nm to 200 nm, more preferably from 20 nm to 100 nm. The ordinary electrode can be formed on the substrate by a known method such as sputtering.

As the insulating layer, for example, a layer formed of tantalum nitride or the like can be given. The thickness of the insulating layer is preferably from 100 nm to 1,000 nm, more preferably from 150 nm to 750 nm. The insulating layer can be formed on a common electrode by a well-known method such as chemical vapor deposition.

The above signal electrode can be formed of the same material as the above-described ordinary electrode. The signal electrode may be, for example, a comb electrode having a plurality of comb teeth. Each of the comb teeth of the comb electrode may have a shape such as a linear shape or a "ㄑ" shape.

When the liquid crystal alignment agent is applied onto the substrate, a functional decane compound, titanate or the like may be applied to the substrate and the electrode in order to further improve the adhesion between the substrate, the conductive film or the electrode and the coating film. The coating of the liquid crystal alignment agent onto the substrate is preferably carried out by an appropriate coating method such as an offset printing method, a spin coating method, a roll coating method, or an inkjet printing method, and then preheating (prebaking) the coated surface. The firing (post-baking) is performed to form a coating film. The prebaking conditions are, for example, 0.1 minutes at 40 ° C to 120 ° C. ~5 minutes, post-baking conditions, preferably from 120 ° C to 300 ° C, more preferably from 150 ° C to 250 ° C, preferably from 5 minutes to 200 minutes, more preferably from 10 minutes to 100 minutes. The thickness of the coating film after post-baking is preferably 0.001 μm to 1 μm, more preferably 0.005 μm to 0.5 μm.

The liquid crystal alignment ability is imparted by irradiating the coating film thus formed with linearly polarized or partially polarized radiation or non-polarized radiation. Here, as the radiation, for example, ultraviolet light and visible light containing light having a wavelength of 150 nm to 800 nm can be used, and ultraviolet light containing light having a wavelength of 200 nm to 400 nm is preferable. When the radiation to be used is linearly polarized or partially polarized, the irradiation may be performed from a direction perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, or may be performed from an oblique direction, or they may be combined. When irradiating non-polarized radiation, the direction of irradiation must be an oblique direction.

As the light source to be used, for example, a low pressure mercury lamp, a high pressure mercury lamp, a xenon lamp, a metal halide lamp, an argon resonance lamp, a xenon lamp, an excimer laser or the like can be used. The ultraviolet light in the above preferred wavelength region can be obtained by a method in which the above-mentioned light source is used together with, for example, a filter, a diffraction grating, or the like.

In the case of a liquid crystal alignment agent containing [A] polyorganosiloxane, it is preferred to use radiation of 300 to 400 nm for exposure. The irradiation amount of the radiation, was 1J / m ² or more 10,000J / m ² or less, preferably 10J / m ² or more 4,000J / m ² or less. In the case of a liquid crystal alignment agent containing a [B] polymer, it is preferred to use radiation of 300 to 400 nm for exposure. As the amount of the irradiation of radiation, preferably 1J / m ² or more 20,000J / m ² or less, more preferably 10J / m ² or more 10,000J / m ² or less. In the case of a liquid crystal alignment agent containing [C] polyphthalic acid and/or polyimine, it is preferred to use radiation of 200 to 300 nm for exposure. As the amount of the irradiation of radiation, preferably 1J / m ² or more 20,000J / m ² or less, more preferably 10J / m ² or more 10,000J / m ² or less.

<Liquid crystal display element>

A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes a pair of substrates disposed oppositely, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the two substrates, and an inner surface side of at least one of the substrates, and is in contact with the liquid crystal layer In the liquid crystal alignment layer, the liquid crystal display layer is formed by a step of injecting a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable monomer between the two substrates and polymerizing the monomer, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is characterized by the liquid crystal alignment film. , a polyorganosiloxane containing a photo-alignment group from [A], [B] a polymer having a photo-alignment group in the main chain, and [C] a polyamine having a decomposable photo-alignment property A liquid crystal alignment agent of at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of acids and/or polyimines is formed.

The liquid crystal display element can be manufactured, for example, as follows. First, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed as described above is prepared, and a liquid crystal cell composed of a polymerizable liquid crystal composition sandwiched between the pair of substrates is produced. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the present invention is formed by a mixture of a liquid crystal and a polymerizable compound, and examples thereof include a liquid crystal mixture described in JP-A-2009-102639. The liquid crystal is formed of a positive liquid crystal or a negative liquid crystal. As the positive liquid crystal or the negative liquid crystal, it is preferably a rod-shaped positive Liquid crystal. As the polymerizable compound, a known polymerizable compound which is usually used in a PSA type liquid crystal display device can be used.

The thickness of the liquid crystal layer (the distance between the signal electrode and the counter substrate) is preferably 3 to 10 μm.

Examples of the method for producing the liquid crystal cell include the following two methods. The first method is a well-known method. First, two substrates are arranged to face each other with a gap (cell gap) interposed therebetween, and the respective liquid crystal alignment films are opposed to each other, and the peripheral portions of the two substrates are bonded together using a sealant, and the surface of the substrate and the sealant are used. After the divided cell gap is filled with the injection polymerizable liquid crystal composition, the injection hole is closed, whereby the liquid crystal cell can be manufactured. The second method is a method called the One Drop Fill (ODF) method. Applying, for example, a UV curable sealing material to a specific portion of one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed, and then dropping a polymerizable liquid crystal composition on the liquid crystal alignment film surface, and then bonding another substrate so that The liquid crystal alignment film is opposed to each other, and then the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to harden the sealing agent, whereby the liquid crystal cell can be produced. In either method, it is desirable to heat the liquid crystal cell to a temperature at which the liquid crystal used is in an isotropic phase, and then slowly cool to room temperature to remove the flow alignment during liquid crystal filling.

Next, it is necessary to perform a step of curing (polymerizing) the above polymerizable liquid crystal composition in a state where no voltage or voltage is applied. In the case of producing a liquid crystal display device of a transverse electric field type, it is preferred that the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is cured without applying a voltage.

The curing method of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition includes photocuring using ultraviolet rays or the like or thermosetting by imparting heat. In the case of photocuring, non-polarized light or polarized light may be used, and when non-polarized light is used, it is characterized in that it can be sufficiently cured by performing low irradiation, and when polarized light is used, it is possible to improve liquid crystal alignment of the obtained liquid crystal display element. feature. In addition, the amount of irradiation in the case of photo-curing is preferably, for example, 1,000 mJ/cm ² to 5,000 mJ/cm ² as the amount of irradiation of the non-polarized ultraviolet rays, and preferably 5000 mJ as the irradiation amount of the polarized ultraviolet rays. /cm ² ~10J/cm ² . Further, when curing is performed in a state where a voltage is applied, the voltage applied during polymerization is not particularly limited, and may be 0.1 V to 20 V, preferably 2 V to 5 V.

The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal forming the liquid crystal layer is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 5 or less. Here, the pretilt angle refers to an inclination angle of liquid crystal molecules with respect to the substrate. In an electric field type liquid crystal panel, the smaller the pretilt angle, the better the contrast.

Then, the liquid crystal display element of the present invention can be obtained by laminating a polarizing plate on the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell. Here, a desired liquid crystal display element can be obtained by appropriately adjusting the angle formed by the polarization direction of the irradiated linearly polarized radiation and the angle between each substrate and the polarizing plate in the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed.

As the sealing agent, for example, an epoxy resin containing an alumina ball as a spacer and a curing agent can be used. The polarizing plate used for the outer side of the liquid crystal cell is a polarizing plate formed by sandwiching a polarizing film called "H film" obtained by absorbing iodine while stretching the polyvinyl alcohol by a cellulose acetate protective film, or A polarizing plate formed by the H film itself.

The liquid crystal display element of the present invention produced as described above is excellent in various properties such as display characteristics and electrical characteristics.

[Examples]

Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

The weight average molecular weight in the following synthesis examples is a polystyrene-converted value measured by gel permeation chromatography under the following conditions.

Pipe column: TOSOH (stock) system, TSKgelGRCXLII

Solvent: tetrahydrofuran

Temperature: 40 ° C

Pressure: 68kgf/cm ²

Further, in the following synthesis examples, the synthesis of the raw material compound and the polymer was repeated as needed according to the following synthesis scale, thereby ensuring the necessary amount in the subsequent examples.

<[A] Synthesis of polyorganosiloxanes> (Synthesis example of polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group) [Synthesis Example 1]

In a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, a dropping funnel and a reflux condenser, 100.0 g of 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxydecane, 500 g of methyl isobutyl ketone and 10.0 were added. g Triethylamine and mix at room temperature. Next, 100 g of deionized water was dropped from the dropping funnel over 30 minutes, and then mixed under reflux, and reacted at 80 ° C for 6 hours. After completion of the reaction, the organic layer was taken out, washed with a 0.2% by mass aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate until the washed water was neutral, and then the solvent and water were distilled off under reduced pressure to give an epoxy group as a viscous transparent liquid. Polyorganosiloxane (ES-1).

¹ H-NMR analysis of the polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group revealed that an epoxy group-based peak having the same theoretical strength was obtained in the vicinity of the chemical shift (δ) = 3.2 ppm, whereby the reaction was confirmed. A side reaction in which no epoxy group is produced. The viscosity, Mw and epoxy equivalent of the epoxy group-containing polyorganosiloxane (ES-1) are shown in Table 1.

[Synthesis Example 2~3]

The polyorganosiloxane (ES-2) and (ES-3) having an epoxy group as a viscous transparent liquid were obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that the raw materials to be added were as shown in Table 1. The Mw and epoxy equivalent of these epoxy group-containing polyorganosiloxanes are shown in Table 1. In addition, in Table 1, the abbreviation of a raw material decane compound has the following meaning.

ECETS: 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxydecane

MTMS: methyltrimethoxydecane

PTMS: Phenyltrimethoxydecane

(Synthesis Example of Compound represented by the above formula (A1))

The compounds represented by the following formulas (A1-1) to (A1-4) are synthesized as shown in the following Synthesis Examples 4 to 7 (hereinafter, referred to as "compound (A1-1)" and "compound (A1-), respectively. 2)", "Compound (A1-3)" and "Compound (A1-4)").

[Synthesis Example 4]

In a 500 mL three-necked flask equipped with a condenser, 20 g of 4-bromodiphenyl ether, 0.18 g of palladium acetate, 0.98 g of gin(2-methylphenyl)phosphine, 32.4 g of triethylamine, and 135 mL of dimethylacetate were added and mixed. Amine, forming a solution. Next, 7 g of acrylic acid was added to the above solution using a syringe, stirred, and then stirred at 120 ° C for 3 hours to carry out a reaction. After confirming the completion of the reaction by thin layer chromatography (TLC), the reaction solution was cooled to room temperature. After the insoluble matter was filtered, the filtrate was poured into 300 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate was collected. The precipitate was recrystallized using a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and hexane (ethyl acetate:hexane = 1:1 (volume ratio)) to obtain 8.4 g of Compound (A1-1).

[Synthesis Example 5]

In a 300 mL three-necked flask equipped with a condenser, 6.5 g of 4-fluorophenylboronic acid, 10 g of 4-bromocinnamic acid, 2.7 g of ruthenium (triphenylphosphine) palladium, 4 g of sodium carbonate, 80 mL of tetrahydrofuran, and 39 mL of pure water were added and mixed. ,then The reaction was carried out by stirring at 80 ° C for 8 hours. After confirming the completion of the reaction by TLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature. The cooled reaction mixture was poured into 200 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate was collected. The obtained precipitate was dissolved in ethyl acetate, and the solution was washed successively with 100 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, 100 mL of purified water and 100 mL of brine, and then dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. The obtained solid was vacuum dried to obtain 9 g of a compound (A1-2).

[Synthesis Example 6]

In a 200 mL three-necked flask equipped with a condenser, 3.6 g of 4-fluorostyrene, 6 g of 4-bromocinnamic acid, 0.059 g of palladium acetate, 0.32 g of bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphine, 11 g of triethylamine, and 50 mL of dimethyl were added and mixed. Ethylamine to form a solution. The solution was stirred at 120 ° C for 3 hours to carry out a reaction. After confirming the completion of the reaction by TLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the insoluble material was filtered. Then, the filtrate was poured into 300 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate was collected. The precipitate was recrystallized using ethyl acetate to give 4.1 g of Compound (A1-3).

[Synthesis Example 7]

In a 200 mL three-necked flask equipped with a condenser, 9.5 g of 4-vinylbiphenyl, 10 g of 4-bromocinnamic acid, 0.099 g of palladium acetate, 0.54 g of bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphine, and 18 g of triethylamine were added and mixed. 80 mL of dimethylacetamide formed a solution. The solution was stirred at 120 ° C for 3 hours to carry out a reaction. After confirming the completion of the reaction by TLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the insoluble material was filtered. Then, the filtrate was poured into 500 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate was collected. The precipitate was recrystallized using a mixed solvent of dimethylacetamide and ethanol (dimethylacetamide:ethanol = 1:1 (volume ratio)) to obtain 11 g of a compound (A1-4).

(Synthesis Example of Compound represented by the above formula (A2))

The compounds represented by the following formulas (A2-1) and (A2-2) are synthesized as shown in the following Synthesis Examples 8 and 9 (hereinafter, referred to as "compound (A2-1)" and "compound (A2-), respectively. 2)").

[Synthesis Example 8]

In a 200 mL three-necked flask equipped with a condenser, 10 g of phenyl acrylate, 11.3 g of 4-bromobenzoic acid, 0.13 g of palladium acetate, 0.68 g of bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphine, 23 g of triethylamine, and 100 mL of dimethyl were added and mixed. Ethylamine to form a solution. The solution was stirred at 120 ° C for 3 hours to carry out a reaction. After confirming the completion of the reaction by TLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the insoluble material was filtered. Then, the filtrate was poured into 500 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate was collected. The precipitate was recrystallized using ethyl acetate to give 9.3 g of Compound (A2-1).

[Synthesis Example 9]

Into a 200 mL three-necked flask having a dropping funnel, 10 g of 4-cyclohexylphenol, 6.3 g of triethylamine, and 80 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran were added and mixed. This was cooled in an ice bath, and a solution of 5.7 g of acrylonitrile chloride and 40 mL of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was dropped from a dropping funnel. After the completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred in an ice bath for 1 hour, then returned to room temperature and stirred for 2 hours. Carry out the reaction. After the reaction was completed, the reaction mixture was filtered to remove the formed salt. Ethyl acetate was added to the filtrate, and the obtained organic layer was washed with water, and then the solvent was removed under reduced pressure and dried to give 12.3 g of 4-cyclohexyl phenyl acrylate as an intermediate product. Next, 6 g of the above-obtained 4-cyclohexyl phenyl acrylate, 5.7 g of 2-fluoro-4-bromobenzoic acid, 0.06 g of palladium acetate, and 0.32 g of ginseng were added and mixed in a 100 mL three-necked flask equipped with a condenser. 2-Tolyl)phosphine, 11 g of triethylamine and 50 mL of dimethylacetamide formed a solution. The solution was stirred at 120 ° C for 3 hours to carry out a reaction, and after confirming the completion of the reaction by TLC, the reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the insoluble matter was filtered, and then the filtrate was poured into 300 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid to be recovered. Precipitate. The precipitate was recrystallized using ethyl acetate to give 3.4 g of Compound (A2-2).

([A] Synthesis example of polyorganosiloxane) [Synthesis Example 10]

In a 100 mL three-necked flask, 9.3 g of polyorganooxyalkylene (ES-1) having an epoxy group, 26 g of methyl isobutyl ketone, 3 g of a compound (A1-1), and 0.10 g of UCAT 18X (trade name, SAN APRO) were added. The quaternary ammonium salt (manufactured by the product) was stirred at 80 ° C for 12 hours to carry out a reaction. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into methanol, and the resulting precipitate was collected and dissolved in ethyl acetate to form a solution. After washing the solution three times, the solvent was distilled off to obtain 6.3 g of white powder. [A] Polyorganooxynonane (S-1). The weight average molecular weight Mw of the [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-1) was 3,500.

[Synthesis Example 11]

A white powder of 7.0 g of [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-2) was obtained in the same manner as in the above-mentioned Synthesis Example 10, except that 3 g of the compound (A1-2) was used instead of the compound (A1-1). The [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-2) had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 4,900.

[Synthesis Example 12]

A white powder of 10 g of [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-3) was obtained in the same manner as in the above Synthesis Example 10 except that 4 g of the compound (A1-3) was used instead of the compound (A1-1). The [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-3) had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 5,000.

[Synthesis Example 13]

A white powder of 10 g of [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-4) was obtained in the same manner as in the above Synthesis Example 10 except that 4 g of the compound (A1-4) was used instead of the compound (A1-1). The [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-4) had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 4,200.

[Synthesis Example 14]

In addition to using 10.5 g of a polyorganosiloxane (ES-2) having an epoxy group instead of a polyorganosiloxane (ES-1) having an epoxy group, 3.35 g of the compound (A2-1) was used instead of the compound (A1). A white powder of 7.0 g of [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-5) was obtained in the same manner as in the above-mentioned Synthesis Example 10 except for -1. The [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-5) had a weight average molecular weight Mw of 5,500.

[Synthesis Example 15]

In addition to using 11.4 g of polyorganosiloxane (ES-3) having an epoxy group instead of polyorganosiloxane (ES-1) having an epoxy group, respectively, In the same manner as in the above Synthesis Example 10 except that the compound (A2-2) was replaced by the compound (A2-2), 9.6 g of a white powder of [A] polyorganooxane (S-6) was obtained. The weight average molecular weight Mw of the [A] polyorganosiloxane (S-6) was 7,400.

<[B] Synthesis of Polymers> (dicarboxylic acid compound)

A dicarboxylic acid compound represented by the following formula (DC-1) to (DC-5) (hereinafter also referred to as "compound (DC-1) to (DC-5)") is used. Hereinafter, a method for synthesizing the compound (DC-1) to (DC-4) will be described.

[Synthesis Example 16]

13.8 g (100 mmol) of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 8 g (200 mmol) of sodium hydroxide and 400 mL of pure water were placed in a 1 L three-necked flask equipped with a dropping funnel, and cooled in an ice bath. 120 mL of a solution containing 10.86 g (120 mmol) of acrylonitrile chloride was added dropwise thereto over 1.5 hours in a dropping funnel. Methyl chloride solution. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred for 2 hours in an ice bath, and then the temperature of the reaction mixture was returned to room temperature, and the mixture was further stirred for 3 hours to carry out a reaction. Next, the reaction mixture was again subjected to an ice bath, and then 1 N hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the liquidity of the reaction mixture was acidic. The precipitated solid was recovered using an attracting funnel and recrystallized from ethanol to obtain 16 g of 4-propenyloxybenzoic acid.

Next, 5 g of the above-obtained 4-propenyloxybenzoic acid, 5.3 g of 4-bromobenzoic acid, 60 mg of palladium acetate, 0.32 g of cis (o-tolyl)phosphine, and 11 g of three were mixed in a 200 mL flask under an inert gas atmosphere. Ethylamine and 40 mL of dimethylacetamide were stirred at 140 ° C for 6 hours to carry out a reaction. After returning the temperature of the reaction mixture to room temperature, 200 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added. The precipitated solid was filtered and recrystallized from ethanol to give 6 g of Compound (DC-1).

[Synthesis Example 17]

In a 200 mL three-necked flask having a dropping funnel, 10 g of 4-hydroxydiphenylmethane, 11 g of triethylamine, and 60 mL of tetrahydrofuran were added to form a solution. After the solution was cooled in an ice bath, 50 mL of a tetrahydrofuran solution containing 10 g of acrylonitrile chloride was added dropwise from the dropping funnel. After completion of the dropwise addition, the mixture was stirred for 3 hours in an ice bath to carry out a reaction, and then the reaction mixture was subjected to liquid separation washing with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was recovered and dried over magnesium sulfate, and then the organic solvent was evaporated to give 15 g of bis(4-propenyloxyphenyl)methane.

Next, 8 g of the above-obtained bis(4-propenyloxyphenyl)methane, 10.5 g of 4-bromobenzoic acid, 120 mg of palladium acetate, and 0.63 g of ginseng (o-tolyl) were mixed in a 300 mL flask under an inert gas atmosphere. Phosphine, 21g three Ethylamine and 90 mL of dimethylacetamide were stirred at 140 ° C for 6 hours to carry out a reaction. After returning the temperature of the reaction mixture to room temperature, 500 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added. The precipitated solid was filtered and recrystallized from ethanol to give 4 g of compound (DC-2).

[Synthesis Example 18]

In a 300 mL three-necked flask having a dropping funnel, 10 g of hydroquinone, 20 g of triethylamine, and 100 mL of tetrahydrofuran were added to form a solution. The solution was cooled in an ice bath, and 90 mL of a tetrahydrofuran solution containing 19 g of acrylonitrile chloride was added dropwise thereto. After further stirring for 3 hours in an ice bath, the reaction was carried out, and then the resulting reaction mixture was subjected to liquid separation washing with a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and water. The organic layer was recovered and dried over magnesium sulfate, and then the organic solvent was evaporated to give 16 g of 1,4-dipropenyloxybenzene.

Next, 8 g of the 1,4-dipropenyloxybenzene obtained above, 15 g of 4-bromobenzoic acid, 165 mg of palladium acetate, 0.9 g of cis (o-tolyl)phosphine, and 30 g were mixed in a 500 mL flask under an inert gas atmosphere. Triethylamine and 130 mL of dimethylacetamide were stirred at 140 ° C for 6 hours to carry out a reaction. After the reaction was over, the temperature of the reaction mixture was returned to room temperature, and then 700 mL of 1N hydrochloric acid was added. The precipitated solid was filtered and recrystallized from ethanol to give 8 g of compound (DC-3).

[Synthesis Example 19]

In the same manner as in Synthesis Example 17, except that 11.4 g of 2-fluoro-4-bromobenzoic acid was used instead of 4-bromobenzoic acid, 3.5 g of Compound (DC-4) was obtained.

(diepoxide)

A diepoxy compound represented by the following formula is used.

([B] Synthesis of Polymers) [Synthesis Example 20]

In a 50 mL flask, 3 g (0.01 mol) of the above compound (DC-1) as a dicarboxylic acid, 0.83 g (0.01 mol) of a compound represented by the above formula (DE-1) as a diepoxy compound, and 10 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent, and stirred at 140 ° C for 6 hours to carry out a reaction, thereby obtaining a polyether as a specific polymer a solution of the compound (SP-1). The polymer (SP-1) contained in the solution had a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 4,200.

[Synthesis Examples 21 to 38]

The same procedure as in Synthesis Example 20 was carried out except that the materials described in Table 2 of each 0.01 mol were used as the dicarboxylic acid and the diepoxy compound, and the obtained [B] polymer (SP-2) to (SP-18, respectively) were obtained. And (rp-1) solution. Further, in Synthesis Example 28, two kinds of compounds each having S0 mol% were mixed and used as a diepoxy compound. The molecular weight of the polymer contained in each solution is shown in Table 2.

<Synthesis of [C] component> (Synthesis Example of Polylysine) [Synthesis Example 39]

19.61 g (0.1 mol) of cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride and 21.23 g (0.1 mol) of 4,4'-diamino-2,2'-dimethylbiphenyl were dissolved in 367.6 g of N-A In the base-2-pyrrolidone, and reacted at room temperature for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into a large excess of methanol to precipitate a reaction product. The precipitate was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C for 15 hours to obtain 35 g of polyamine (PA-1). Further, even when irradiated with polarized light or non-polarized ultraviolet light, in the case where the partial structure of the polymer main chain or the side chain contains a polylysine having a structure capable of generating a photocracking reaction, it does not cause When used together with [A] polyoxyalkylene or [B] polymer under the conditions of photocracking reaction, it is also classified into other polymers.

[Synthesis Example 40]

22.4 g (0.1 mol) of 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride and 14.23 g (0.1 mol) of cyclohexane bis(methylamine) were dissolved in 329.3 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrole In the ketone, and reacted at 60 ° C for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into a large excess of methanol to precipitate a reaction product. The precipitate was washed with methanol, and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C for 15 hours to obtain 32 g of polyamine (PA-2) as a component [D].

[Synthesis Example 41]

0.1 mol (24.82 g) of bicyclo [2.2.2] oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride with 0.1 mol (41.05 g) 2,2-bis[4-( 4-Aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane was dissolved in 373.26 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The reaction was carried out for 6 hours at room temperature. Next, the reaction mixture was mixed with a large excess of methanol to precipitate a reaction product. Then, it was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C for 15 hours to obtain 65 g (yield: 98.7%) of polyamine (X-1).

[Synthesis Example 42]

A polyphthalic acid polymer (X-2) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 41 except that the diamine compound was p-phenylenediamine.

[Synthesis Example 43]

A polyphthalic acid polymer (X-3) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 41 except that the diamine compound was 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether.

[Synthesis Example 44]

0.1 mol (19.61 g) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and 0.1 mol (41.05 g) of 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)benzene The propane was dissolved in 343.74 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and allowed to react at room temperature for 6 hours. Next, the reaction mixture was mixed with a large excess of methanol to precipitate a reaction product. Then, it was washed with methanol, and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C for 15 hours to obtain 60 g (yield 98.9%) of polyamine (Y-1).

[Synthesis Example 45]

A polyphthalic acid polymer (Y-2) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 44 except that the diamine compound was p-phenylenediamine.

[Synthesis Example 46]

A polyphthalic acid polymer (Y-3) was obtained in the same manner as in Synthesis Example 44 except that the diamine compound was 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether.

[Synthesis Example 47]

0.08 mol (15.71 g) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 0.02 mol (4.48 g) of 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride and 0.1 mol (20.02 g) 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether was dissolved in 227 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and reacted at room temperature for 4 hours. Next, the reaction mixture was mixed with a large excess of methanol to precipitate a reaction product. Then, it was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C for 15 hours to obtain 36 g of polylysine (Y-4).

[Synthesis Example 48]

0.05 mol (9.81 g) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 0.05 mol (11.21 g) of 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride and 0.1 mol (20.02 g) 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether was dissolved in 232 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and reacted at room temperature for 4 hours. Next, the reaction mixture was mixed with a large excess of methanol to precipitate a reaction product. Then, it was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C for 15 hours to obtain 37 g of polylysine (Y-5).

[Synthesis Example 49]

0.03 mol (5.88 g) of 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 0.07 mol (15.69 g) of 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride and 0.1 mol (20.02 g) 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether was dissolved in 236 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and allowed to react at room temperature for 4 hours. Next, the reaction mixture was mixed with a large excess of methanol to precipitate a reaction product. Then, it was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C for 15 hours to obtain 36 g of polylysine (Y-6).

[Synthesis Example 50]

23.81 g (0.106 mol) of 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride and 36.19 g (0.106 mol) of a diamine having a side chain cinnamate structure represented by the following formula were dissolved in 150 g of N In the methyl-2-pyrrolidone, the reaction was carried out at 40 ° C for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into a large excess of methanol to precipitate a reaction product. The precipitate was washed with methanol and dried under reduced pressure at 40 ° C for 15 hours to obtain 51 g of poly succinic acid ( s).

(Synthesis Example of Polyimine) [Synthesis Example 51]

17.5 g of the above polylysine PA-2 was weighed and dissolved in 232.5 g of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 3.8 g of pyridine and 4.9 g of acetic anhydride were further added, and the mixture was carried out at 120 ° C. An hourly dehydration ring closure reaction. After the completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was poured into a large amount of excess methanol to precipitate a reaction product. The precipitate was recovered, washed with methanol, and then dried under reduced pressure for 15 hours to give 15 g of polyimine (PI-1).

<Modulation of liquid crystal alignment agent and lateral electric field mode liquid crystal display element (Manufacture of optical alignment IPS) >

(Preparation of liquid crystal alignment agent containing [A] polyorganosiloxane, and production of a transverse electric field type liquid crystal display element (optical alignment IPS) using the liquid crystal alignment agent)

[Example 1]

100 parts by mass of [A] polyorganooxane (S-1) and 1,000 parts by mass of polyglycine (PA-1) were mixed together, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and butyl group were added thereto. Celluloid was formed into a solution having a solvent composition of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone: butyl cyanidin = 50:50 (mass ratio) and a solid concentration of 3.0% by mass. The solution was filtered with a filter paper having a pore size of 0.2 μm to prepare a liquid crystal alignment agent. In addition, in the present embodiment using this condition, under the condition that the polyacrylic acid (PA-1) is irradiated with 300 J/m ² of polarized ultraviolet light containing a bright line of 313 nm, the light cracking reaction is not caused. PA-1) is classified as other polymers.

A glass substrate having a two-system metal electrode formed in a comb-like pattern and formed of chromium on one surface, and a counter-glass substrate not provided with an electrode are used as a pair of substrates, and each has an electrode on the glass substrate using a spin coater. The prepared liquid crystal alignment agent was coated on one side of the glass substrate and on one side of the opposite glass substrate, and then prebaked on a hot plate at 80 ° C for 1 minute, and then placed in an oven in a tank at a temperature of 200 ° C. After heating (post-baking) for 1 hour, a coating film having a film thickness of 0.1 μm was formed. A schematic view showing the structure of the electrode pattern on the glass substrate is shown in Fig. 1. Hereinafter, the two-system conductive film pattern (metal electrode) included in the lateral electric field type liquid crystal display device is referred to as an electrode 101 and an electrode 102, respectively. Next, using Hg-Xe lamps and Glan-Taylor, the surface of these coating films was irradiated with 300 J/m ² of polarized ultraviolet rays containing 313 nm bright lines from the normal direction of the substrate to obtain a pair of substrates having a liquid crystal alignment film. By screen printing, an epoxy resin adhesive having an alumina ball having a diameter of 5.5 μm is applied to the outer periphery of the surface of the substrate having the liquid crystal alignment film, and the liquid crystal alignment film surface of the pair of substrates is relatively opposed. The bonding was carried out by overlapping, and the directions of the respective substrates when the polarized ultraviolet rays were irradiated were reversed, and the mixture was heated at 150 ° C for 1 hour to thermally harden the adhesive.

Then, a liquid crystal mixture in which 0.3% by weight of a polymerizable liquid crystal represented by the following formula was added to liquid crystal MLC-7028 manufactured by MERCK Co., Ltd. was filled in a gap between the substrates, and then sealed with an epoxy-based adhesive. Liquid crystal injection port. Then, in order to eliminate the flow alignment at the time of liquid crystal injection, it was heated at 150 ° C, then slowly cooled to room temperature, and then subjected to UV light irradiation from the outside of the liquid crystal cell (irradiation amount: 2,000 mJ/cm ² (λ = 365 nm) )). Next, a polarizing plate is bonded to both outer surfaces of the substrate so that the polarization directions thereof are orthogonal to each other, and the liquid crystal display element is manufactured by being orthogonal to the projection direction of the polarized ultraviolet light axis of the liquid crystal alignment film on the substrate surface. This liquid crystal display element was used for evaluation of liquid crystal alignment, afterimage characteristics, and contrast shown below.

The liquid crystal alignment agent prepared above was applied onto the transparent electrode surface of the glass substrate with the transparent electrode formed of the ITO film by a spin coater to have a film thickness of 0.1 μm and was applied to a hot plate at 80 ° C. After pre-baking for a minute, it was heated (post-baking) at 200 ° C for 1 hour in an oven which was purged with nitrogen in the tank to form a coating film having a film thickness of 0.1 μm. Using a Hg-Xe lamp and Glan-Taylor, the surface of the film was irradiated with 300 J/m ² of polarized ultraviolet rays containing a bright line of 313 nm from the normal direction of the substrate to obtain a pair of substrates having a liquid crystal alignment film. Next, on the pair of substrates subjected to the light irradiation treatment, an epoxy resin adhesive having an alumina ball having a diameter of 5.5 μm was applied onto the surface on which the liquid crystal alignment film was formed, and then the substrate was laminated and laminated. The light irradiation direction was parallel and heated at 150 ° C for 1 hour to thermally harden the adhesive. Then, a liquid crystal mixture in which 0.3% by weight of the polymerizable liquid crystal represented by the above formula was added to the liquid crystal MLC-7028 manufactured by MERCK Co., Ltd. was filled in the gap between the substrates, and the liquid crystal was sealed with an epoxy-based adhesive. Note the entrance. Then, in order to eliminate the flow alignment at the time of liquid crystal injection, it was heated at 150 ° C for 10 minutes, then slowly cooled to room temperature, and then subjected to UV light irradiation from the outside of the liquid crystal cell (irradiation amount: 2,000 mJ/cm ² (λ) =365nm)). Next, a polarizing plate is bonded to both outer surfaces of the substrate so that the polarization directions thereof are orthogonal to each other, and the liquid crystal display element is manufactured by being orthogonal to the projection direction of the polarized ultraviolet light axis of the liquid crystal alignment film on the substrate surface. This liquid crystal display element was used for the light resistance evaluation shown below.

[Examples 2 to 12 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4]

A liquid crystal alignment agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polymer of the type and amount described in Table 3 was used as the [A] polyorganosiloxane and the other polymer in Example 1, respectively. A liquid crystal display element was produced in the same manner as in the above Example 1 except for the above.

[Example 13]

In addition to the liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal mixture was subjected to polarized UV light irradiation (10 J/cm ² (λ = 365 nm)) from the outside of the liquid crystal cell instead of UV light irradiation (irradiation amount: 2,000 mJ/cm ² (λ = A liquid crystal display element was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for 365 nm).

<Evaluation method of liquid crystal display element>

The liquid crystal display elements manufactured as described above were evaluated by the following methods. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3. In addition, each liquid crystal display element mentioned later was also evaluated by the following method similarly. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4 to Table 8, respectively.

[Evaluation of liquid crystal alignment]

The liquid crystal display element manufactured above was opened by observation with an optical microscope. When the voltage of 5 V was turned off (applied and released), there was an abnormal region where there was no change in brightness, and the case where the abnormal region was not observed at all was evaluated as the liquid crystal alignment "excellent (A ⁺ )", and the case where the abnormal region was slightly observed was evaluated as liquid crystal. The alignment "good (A)" was evaluated as a liquid crystal alignment "bad (B)" in the case where a plurality of abnormal regions were observed.

[Evaluation of residual image characteristics]

In a horizontal electric field type liquid crystal display device manufactured as described above, a voltage was applied to the electrode 102 at 25 ° C and 1 atm. A combined voltage of a 3.5 V AC voltage and a 5 V DC voltage was applied to the electrode 101 for 2 hours. Then, a 4 V AC voltage was applied to both the electrode 101 and the electrode 102 immediately. The time from the start of application of 4 V AC voltage to both electrodes to the time when the difference in light transmittance between the electrode 101 and the electrode 102 could not be visually confirmed was measured. The residual image characteristic when the time is less than 20 seconds is evaluated as "show (A)", and the afterimage characteristics when the time is 20 seconds or more and less than 60 seconds are evaluated as "excellent (B)", and the time is evaluated. The afterimage characteristics of 60 seconds or more and less than 100 seconds were evaluated as "good (C)", and the afterimage characteristics when the time was 100 seconds or more and less than 150 seconds were evaluated as "may" (D). The afterimage characteristics at 150 seconds were evaluated as "bad (E)".

[Light resistance evaluation]

The measurement was performed in the same manner as described above, and after the VHR of 3000 hours was applied to each of the liquid crystal display elements manufactured by using the weather resistance tester using a carbon arc as a light source (measured by applying a voltage of 5 V at an interval of 167 msec at an application time of 60 microseconds) The voltage holding ratio after the application is released to 167 milliseconds. The measurement device uses VHR-1 manufactured by TOYO TECHNICA Co., Ltd., and the reliability of the VHR variation is less than 2% compared with the measured value before the irradiation. "Good (A)", the reliability of 2 to 5% or more is judged as "(B)", and the reliability of more than 5% is judged as "not (C)".

[Contrast evaluation]

The degree of blackening was evaluated by evaluating the degree of light leakage caused by poor alignment of the produced liquid crystal cells in the following manner, and this was used as an alternative evaluation of contrast evaluation. First, observation was carried out by a polarizing microscope under orthogonal polarization conditions, and liquid crystal cells were arranged in such a manner as to form the darkest field of view, and an image thereof was taken. The obtained data was divided into 0.2 mm squares × 25 pixels, and the brightness of each pixel was quantized at 255 gray scale levels using an image processing software. The case where the gray scale difference of each pixel (25 pixels) is 10 or less is evaluated as "excellent (A)", and when it is 10 to 20, it is evaluated as "good (B)", and it is 20 to 30. The case was evaluated as "(C)", and the case where the gray-scale difference was more than 30 was evaluated as "defective (D)".

As shown in Table 3, in the IPS-type liquid crystal display element having the liquid crystal alignment film formed using the liquid crystal alignment agent containing [A] polyorganosiloxane, the liquid crystal alignment property is sufficiently satisfied, and the image retention is satisfied. Excellent in characteristics, light resistance and contrast. Further, it is understood that in Example 13 in which the liquid crystal mixture was irradiated with polarized UV, the liquid crystal alignment property was further improved. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element satisfies the liquid crystal alignment property, and it is difficult to cause deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long time.

(Preparation of liquid crystal alignment agent containing [B] polymer, and production of a transverse electric field type liquid crystal display element (optical alignment IPS) using the liquid crystal alignment agent)

[Embodiment 14]

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and butyl cyanidin are added to 100 parts by mass of the above (SP-1) as a specific polymer to form a solvent composition of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone: Kesaisusu = 50:50 (mass ratio), a solution having a solid concentration of 3.0% by mass. The solution was filtered with a filter device having a pore size of 0.2 μm to prepare a liquid crystal alignment agent. In addition to the use of the liquid crystal alignment agent described above, and using Hg-Xe lamps and Glan-Taylor, respectively, the surface of the coating film was irradiated with 10,000 J/m ² of polarized ultraviolet rays containing 313 nm bright lines from the normal direction of the substrate, and Example 1 above. A liquid crystal display element was produced in the same manner and evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4, respectively.

[Examples 15 to 31, 38 to 39, and Comparative Examples 5 to 6]

A liquid crystal alignment element was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 14 except that the polymer of the type and amount described in Table 4 was used as the polymer. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4. Further, in Comparative Example 5, other polymers were used instead of the specific polymer.

[Example 32]

In this embodiment, a specific polymer is used in combination with other polymers. The above polyglycine (PA-1)-containing solution is converted into an amount corresponding to 80 parts by mass of polylysine (PA-1) contained therein, and 20 parts by mass of the above specific polymer is added thereto. (SP-10), further adding N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and butyl cyproterone to form a solvent composition of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone: butyl cyanisol = 50:50 ( A mass ratio) of a solution having a solid content concentration of 3.0% by mass. The solution was filtered with a filter device having a pore size of 0.2 μm to prepare a liquid crystal alignment agent. Further, using this liquid crystal alignment agent, a liquid crystal display element was produced and evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 4.

[Examples 33 to 37]

A liquid crystal alignment element was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 32 except that the polymer of the type and amount described in Table 4 was used as the specific polymer and the other polymer. In addition, the other polymer was supplied to the liquid crystal alignment agent as a solution containing the polymer of the type described in Table 4. For the other polymers, the amounts described in Table 4 are the amounts of other polymers contained in the polymer solution used. Examples 34 and 37 used two other polymers, respectively.

As shown in Table 4, in the IPS-type liquid crystal display device having the liquid crystal alignment film (formed using the liquid crystal alignment agent containing the [B] polymer), the liquid crystal alignment property is sufficiently satisfied, and the afterimage characteristics are Excellent light resistance and contrast. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element satisfies the liquid crystal alignment property, and it is difficult to cause deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long time.

(Preparation of liquid crystal alignment agent containing [C] component, and production of a liquid crystal display element (optical alignment IPS) using a transverse electric field method using the liquid crystal alignment agent)

[Embodiment 40]

N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and butyl cyanidin were added to 100 parts by mass of the above (X-1) as a polymer to form a solvent composition of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone: butyl Sai Susu = 50:50 (mass ratio), a solution having a solid concentration of 3.0% by mass. The solution was filtered with a filter device having a pore size of 0.2 μm to prepare a liquid crystal alignment agent.

In addition to the use of the liquid crystal alignment agent described above, and using Hg-Xe lamps and Glan-Taylor, respectively, the surface of the coating film was irradiated with 10,000 J/m ^{2 of} a polarized ultraviolet ray having a bright line of 254 nm from the normal direction of the substrate, and the above Example 1 was used. A liquid crystal display element was produced in the same manner and evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5, respectively.

[Examples 41 to 48]

A liquid crystal alignment agent was prepared in the same manner as in Example 40 except that the polymer of the type and amount described in Table 5 was used as the polymer, and a liquid crystal display element was produced and evaluated. The evaluation results are shown in Table 5.

As shown in Table 5, it is understood that when the liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal alignment film (formed by the liquid crystal alignment agent containing [C] polyphthalic acid and/or polyimine) is used in an IPS manner, it is sufficiently satisfied. The liquid crystal alignment property is excellent in image sticking characteristics, light resistance, and contrast. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element sufficiently satisfies the liquid crystal alignment property, and it is difficult to cause deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long time.

<Manufacture of a transverse electric field type liquid crystal display element (optical alignment FFS)> [Example 49]

The optical alignment FFS liquid crystal display element of the present invention was produced as described below, and its operation was confirmed. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the structure of the light-aligning FFS liquid crystal display element produced in the examples and the comparative examples. The light-aligning FFS liquid crystal display element is between the glass substrate 201b in which the normal electrode 205, the insulating layer 206, the signal electrode 204, and the liquid crystal alignment film 202b are sequentially formed, and the opposite glass substrate 201a in which only the liquid crystal alignment film 202a is formed. The liquid crystal layer 203 is sandwiched and formed. The signal electrode 204 of the light-aligning FFS liquid crystal display element is a comb-shaped electrode having linear comb teeth. The normal electrode 205 is a "Beta film" having no pattern. The In the light-aligning FFS liquid crystal display device, a polarizing plate (not shown) is disposed on both outer surfaces of the glass substrates 201a and 201b, and a backlight (not shown) is disposed under the glass substrate 201b on the lower side in FIG. 2, and They are used in combination.

(Formation of liquid crystal alignment film)

The liquid crystal alignment agent prepared and used in Example 1 was coated on one surface of the electrode on which the common electrode, the insulating layer, and the signal electrode were sequentially formed, and the surface on which the opposite substrate was not formed, using a spin coater. The film was coated, and the film was prebaked at 80 ° C for 1 minute, followed by post-baking at 200 ° C for 1 hour, thereby forming a liquid crystal alignment film having an average film thickness of 0.1 μm. Next, using Hg-Xe lamps and Glan-Taylor, the surface of these coating films was irradiated with 300 J/m ² of polarized ultraviolet rays containing 313 nm bright lines from the normal direction of the substrate to obtain a pair of substrates having a liquid crystal alignment film.

(Manufacture of liquid crystal display element)

The pair of substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment films were respectively formed as described above were opposed to each other by a separator having a thickness of 10 μm so that the liquid crystal alignment films faced each other, and then the liquid crystal injection port was left to seal the side faces.

A liquid crystal mixture in which 0.3 wt% of the polymerizable liquid crystal shown in Example 1 was added to liquid crystal MLC-7028 manufactured by MERCK Co., Ltd. was filled with a liquid crystal injection port, and then the liquid crystal injection port was sealed. Then, in order to eliminate the flow alignment at the time of liquid crystal injection, it was heated at 120 ° C for 10 minutes, then slowly cooled to room temperature, and then subjected to UV light irradiation from the outside of the liquid crystal cell (irradiation amount: 2,000 mJ/cm ² (λ = 365nm)). Next, a polarizing plate was adhered to the outer surfaces of both substrates to fabricate an FFS type liquid crystal display element. Here, the two polarizing plates are adhered such that their polarization directions are orthogonal to each other and are parallel or perpendicular to the comb tooth direction of the signal electrode. This liquid crystal display element was used for evaluation of liquid crystal alignment, afterimage characteristics, and contrast shown below.

[Examples 50 to 60 and Comparative Examples 7 to 10]

An FFS liquid crystal display element was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 48 except that a liquid crystal alignment agent containing the components and amounts of the components described in Table 6 was used to form a liquid crystal alignment film. The results are shown together in Table 6.

[Example 61]

In addition to the liquid crystal display element, the liquid crystal mixture was subjected to polarized UV light irradiation (10 J/cm ² (λ = 365 nm)) from the outside of the liquid crystal cell instead of UV light irradiation (irradiation amount: 2,000 mJ/cm ² (λ = A liquid crystal display element was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 49 except for 365 nm)). The results are shown together in Table 6.

[Examples 62 to 87 and Comparative Examples 11 to 12]

In addition to forming a liquid crystal alignment when the film containing a liquid crystal alignment agent component types and amounts of Table 7 described, and the irradiation 10,000J / m ² polarization ultraviolet comprises 313nm bright lines, instead of the irradiation 300J / m ² comprises 313nm light An FFS liquid crystal display element was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 49 except that the polarized ultraviolet ray of the line was used. The results are shown together in Table 7.

[Examples 88 to 96]

In addition to the liquid crystal alignment film, a liquid crystal alignment agent containing the components and amounts of the components described in Table 8 was used, and 10,000 J/m ² contained a 254 nm bright line of polarized ultraviolet light instead of the irradiation 300 J/m ² including the 313 nm bright line. An FFS liquid crystal display element was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 49 except for the polarized ultraviolet light. The results are shown together in Table 8.

As shown in Tables 6 to 8, when a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal alignment film formed using the liquid crystal alignment agent is used in the FSS-type transverse electric field method, the liquid crystal alignment property is sufficiently satisfied, and the afterimage characteristics and contrast are sufficiently satisfied. excellent. Further, it is understood that in Example 61 in which the liquid crystal mixture was irradiated with polarized UV, the liquid crystal alignment property was further improved. Therefore, this liquid crystal display element can satisfy the liquid crystal alignment property even in the FFS mode, and it is difficult to cause deterioration of electrical characteristics due to continuous driving for a long period of time.

[Industrial Applicability]

When the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is used for a PSA liquid crystal display device, particularly a liquid crystal display device of a transverse electric field method (IPS method or FFS method), it can be formed after continuous driving for a long period of time, particularly for a long time. A liquid crystal alignment film capable of maintaining excellent liquid crystal alignment performance and electrical characteristics during exposure.

101‧‧‧electrode A

102‧‧‧Electrode B

201a‧‧‧glass substrate

201b‧‧‧glass substrate

202a‧‧‧Liquid alignment film

202b‧‧‧Liquid alignment film

203‧‧‧Liquid layer

204‧‧‧Signal electrode (ITO)

205‧‧‧Ordinary electrode (ITO)

206‧‧‧Insulation (tantalum nitride)

Fig. 1 is an explanatory view showing a conductive film electrode pattern in a substrate having a comb-shaped conductive film used in Examples and Comparative Examples.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of an FFS type liquid crystal display element produced in Examples and Comparative Examples.

Claims (14)

A liquid crystal alignment agent which is a liquid crystal alignment agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film in a liquid crystal display element of a PSA type, which comprises a polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignment group by [A], [B] At least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polymer having a photo-alignment group in the main chain and [C] a polylysine having a decomposable photo-alignment property and/or a polyimine. The liquid crystal alignment agent of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal display element is in a transverse electric field mode. A liquid crystal alignment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein [A] a polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignment group, having a group represented by the following formula (A1') and the following formula ( At least one selected from the group consisting of groups represented by A2'), In the formula (A1'), R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom or a cyano group, and R ¹ is a phenyl group or a cyclohexyl group, however, the above-mentioned phenyl group or cyclohexylene group Some or all of the hydrogen atoms may be substituted by a fluorine atom or a cyano group, and R ² is a single bond, a methylene group, an alkylene group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -CH=CH- or -NH- a is an integer of 0 to 3, however, when a is 2 or 3, a plurality of R ¹ and R ² may be the same or different, R ³ is a fluorine atom or a cyano group, and b is an integer of 0 to 4. However, when b is 2 or more, a plurality of R ^{3 's} may be the same or different, and " ^* " is a bonding bond; in the formula (A2'), R' is a hydrogen atom and an alkane having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. a radical, a fluorine atom or a cyano group, R ⁴ is a phenyl or cyclohexyl group, however, some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the above-mentioned phenyl or cyclohexyl group may be substituted by a fluorine atom or a cyano group, and R ⁵ is a single bond, A methylene group, an alkyl group having 2 or 3 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -OCO- or -NH-, c is an integer of 1 to 3, however, when c is 2 or 3, a plurality of R ⁴ and R ⁵ may each be the same or different, and R ⁶ is a fluorine atom or a cyano group, and d is 0. An integer of ~4, however, when d is 2 or more, a plurality of R ⁶ may be the same or different, and R ⁷ is an oxygen atom, -COO- or -OCO-, and R ⁸ is a divalent aromatic group. a divalent alicyclic group, a divalent heterocyclic group or a divalent condensed cyclic group, and e is an integer of 0 to 3, however, when e is 2 or more, a plurality of R ⁷ and R ⁸ may be the same or different, R ⁹ is a single bond, ^** -OCO-(CH ₂ ) _f - or ^** -O-(CH ₂ ) _g -, and " ^** " indicates a site bonded to R ⁸ , f and g are each an integer of 1 to 10, and " ^* " is a key. The liquid crystal alignment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein [A] the polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignment group is a polyorganosiloxane having an epoxy group, and is represented by the following formula (A1) a reaction product of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (A2), In the formula (A1), R, R ¹ to R ³ , a and b are synonymous with the above formula (A1'), and in the formula (A2), R', R ⁴ to R ⁹ and c to e and the above formula (A2') ) Synonymous. A liquid crystal alignment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein [B] a polymer having a photo-alignment group in the main chain has a structure represented by the following formula (1), In the formula (1), R ^{10 is} each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom or a cyano group, and m and n are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, however, when m and n are respectively When it is 2 or more, a plurality of R ^{10 's} may be the same or different, and " ^* " is a key bond. A liquid crystal alignment agent according to claim 1 or 2, wherein [C] poly-proline and/or polyimine having a decomposable photo-alignment property have a bicyclo [2.2.2] octene skeleton or cyclobutane skeleton. A liquid crystal alignment agent according to claim 1 or 2, which further contains [D] a polyamic acid having no photo-alignment group and no light At least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyimines of an aligning group. A liquid crystal alignment film formed by the liquid crystal alignment agent of any one of claims 1 to 7. A liquid crystal display device comprising: a pair of substrates disposed oppositely, a liquid crystal layer disposed between the two substrates, and a liquid crystal provided on an inner surface side of at least one of the two substrates and in contact with the liquid crystal layer An alignment film, wherein the liquid crystal layer is a liquid crystal display device formed by a step of injecting a liquid crystal composition containing a polymerizable monomer between the two substrates and polymerizing the monomer, wherein the liquid crystal alignment film is a polyorganosiloxane having a photo-alignment group derived from [A], [B] a polymer having a photo-alignment group in a main chain, and [C] a poly-proline having a decomposable photo-alignment property and Or a liquid crystal alignment agent of at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of polyimine. The liquid crystal display element of claim 9, wherein no voltage is applied in the step of polymerizing the above monomers. The liquid crystal display element of claim 9, wherein a voltage is applied in the step of polymerizing the above monomers. The liquid crystal display element of claim 9, wherein the polarized ultraviolet ray is irradiated in the step of polymerizing the above monomer. The liquid crystal display element of claim 9, wherein the liquid crystal forming the liquid crystal layer has a pretilt angle of 10 or less. A liquid crystal display element according to any one of claims 9 to 13, which is a transverse electric field mode.