TW201245633A - Illumination article and device for front-lighting reflective scattering element - Google Patents

Abstract

An illumination article including a variable index light extraction layer optically coupled to a lightguide is described. The variable index light extraction layer has first and second regions with different refractive indices, the regions being disposed such that for light being transported at a supercritical angle in the lightguide, the extraction layer can selectively extract the light in a predetermined way based on the geometric arrangement of the first and second regions. Illumination assemblies and devices including the variable index light extraction layer are described, as are front-lit reflective scattering elements.

Description

201245633 VI. INSTRUCTIONS: TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present application relates generally to illumination systems suitable for use in front-illuminated reflective articles, wherein the particular application employs an optical flag illumination system for use in combination with a light guide. This application is related to the following U.S. Provisional Patent Application, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety herein in

Reflective Display Device and Method of Front-Lighting Reflective Display" (US Provisional Application No. 61/446, No. 74) and

Variable Index Light Extraction Layer and Method of Illuminating With Same (US Provisional Application No. 61/446,642). [Prior Art] Lighting systems or devices (e.g., those used to illuminate objects or provide illumination in an electronic display system) utilize one or more optical layers to control the light emitted by one or more light sources. Generally, the optical layer needs to have a desired optical transmittance, optical intensity, optical clarity, or refractive index. In many applications, the optical layer comprises a light guide for use in combination with an air layer and a light extraction layer such that light emitted by the light source is transmitted within the light guide and the air layer and the capture layer support total internal reflection from light from the light guide (TIR) and capture to control the light. There is still a need in the industry for optical films that can be controlled and used in thin flexible systems as well as large systems. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present application is generally directed to illumination suitable for use in a front-illuminated reflective article 162607.doc 201245633 system, the particular application being directed to an illumination system using an optical film for use in combination with a light guide. The present application sets out the components of the illumination system that include one or more optical layers or films, light sources, and reflective scattering elements. The optical film may comprise a variable refractive index light absorbing layer having regions having different properties such as refractive index, twist, light transmittance, sharpness, or a combination thereof. The optical film controls the light emitted by the light source, thereby increasing the spatial uniformity of the light and then delivering the light to the reflective scattering element. This light is reflected by the reflective scattering element towards the viewer. In one aspect, the application sets forth an illumination article comprising a variable index optical pickup layer optically coupled to a light guide. The variable index optical pickup layer has first and second regions, wherein the first region comprises a nanovoided polymeric material' and the second region comprises a nanovoided polymeric material and other materials. The first and second regions are arranged such that, for light emitted by the light source and injected into the light guide, the variable index light extraction layer selectively extracts the light in a predetermined manner based on geometric configurations of the first and second regions. Illuminating objects can be used as high performance optical objects with optical properties suitable for different applications. For example, the first region can have a degree of less than about 5% and greater than about 90% clarity, and/or the layer can have a light transmission greater than about 9%. For another example, the layer can have a twist of less than about 1% and a thickness of greater than about 90. /. The clarity. The first and second regions may be continuous in the transverse plane of the layer, or they may be discontinuously arranged in a pattern or randomly arranged. The illuminating article can be designed to exhibit specific optical properties as a function of the relative area of the first and second regions. For example, the second region can comprise from about 5% to about 60% of the area of the transverse plane of the layer. 162607.doc 201245633 In another aspect, the application sets forth a lighting assembly that includes a combination of the above-described illuminating article and a reflective scatter element. The reflective scattering element can comprise a different type of reflector, or the element can comprise a graphic. In another aspect, the application sets forth an optical device that includes a combination of a light source and an illumination item. The front light scattering element is also described. r The above summary is not intended to illustrate each disclosed embodiment or each embodiment of the present disclosure. The following figures and detailed descriptions more specifically illustrate the illustrative embodiments. [Embodiment] In general, the variable index optical pickup layer disclosed herein includes at least two different regions or regions 'where the light incident to any angle on the layer can be controlled in different ways'. The regions have different refractive indices. The variable index light extraction layer can be used in various optical film constructions, assemblies, and devices, such as, for example, "Front-Lit Reflective Display Device and Method of Front-Lighting Reflective Display" ("Agent Case Number: 66858US002") and " Variable Index Light Extraction Layer and

Method of Illuminating With Same, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety herein by reference in its entirety in its entirety in the the the the the the the the the - a variable index light extraction layer for extracting an optical layer of light traveling in an adjacent layer at a supercritical angle while having less light scattering (or even no light) for subcritical angle light incident on the extraction layer Light scattering). The variable refractive index light extraction layer extracts light from an adjacent layer, such as a transparent layer, and can deliver the unexposed light into an object or component to illuminate the object or component. Variable Refraction 162607.doc 201245633 The rate f layer does not have the characteristic of scattering light significantly or functionally. Thus, as viewed through the layer, as shown in circle 15b, the images and objects on the opposite side of the layer have less distortion. Ideally, the materials in the first and second regions have different refractive indices and both have high transmission and polar (four) degrees. When the variable-fold (four) distracting layer is physically attached to the light guide, the reflective scattering element, or the reflective display and optically constrained, the first and second regions of the system can be shaped and configured to achieve high definition, Layer of low twist and high light transmittance. The variable index filament layer allows the light guide to be transparent to exhibit less twist (even without twist) and high definition in the presence and absence of illumination. This allows viewing of the image or viewing pattern on the reflective display where the resolution and contrast are not significantly reduced. i. Light scattered or diffracted by different regions does not produce visible optical artifacts. In conventional light guides, the capture layer has light scattering characteristics to direct light exiting within the light guide by TIR (at an angle equal to or greater than the critical angle) in the light guide. Such light scattering features typically include a draw point or structure of diffusely printed dots disposed on or etched into the surface of the light guide, which results in a significant reduction in viewing quality as viewed through the light guide. In addition to optical benefits, variable refractive index light extraction layers can be produced by relatively simple coating and printing techniques suitable for high speed, low cost manufacturing. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present disclosure relates to polymeric optical films or layers that exhibit regions of high refractive index-like optical properties and low refractive index-like optical properties, or otherwise transmit and scatter with light, Absorption, refraction, or reflection interactions "High refractive index-like optical properties and low refractive index-like optical properties" 162607.doc 201245633 The region of the mass varies in the transverse plane of the optical layer, that is, the optical layer is a variable refractive index. Optical layer. Throughout this disclosure, the term "indeX" is commonly used in place of index of refraction or refractive index. The transverse plane of the variable refractive index light-extracting layer disclosed herein can be illustrated as a plane parallel to at least one major surface of the layer. Figure 13 shows a schematic cross section of a (four) variable refractive index textured layer; and the etch layer includes first regions 14 〇 3 and M 〇 b, the regions including nano void polymeric materials. For -JL ^ y ., . In some examples, the nanovoided polymeric material includes a plurality of interconnected nanovoids, such as the evaluation of 2〇1〇/12〇422 A (K〇lb et al.) And W〇2〇1〇/120468 A1 (Kolb et al.). A plurality of interconnected nanovoids are networks of nanovoids dispersed in the binder, wherein at least some of the nanovoids are connected to each other via a hollow tunnel or a hollow tunnel-like passage. A nanovoided polymeric material comprising interconnected nanovoids having nano-voids or pores of a surface or a plurality of surfaces, the variable refractive index light-missing layer comprising being disposed between the first region 14 The second area 130. The second region comprises a nanovoided polymeric material and, in some embodiments, the other material occupies at least a portion of the void volume of the nanovoided polymeric material. Throughout the disclosure, the dashed lines in cross-section and plan view are used to indicate the general position of the first and second regions. However, the dashed lines are not intended to illustrate any of the other types of boundaries between the regions. Figure 51 shows a schematic cross section of an exemplary layer taken on a transparent (10) (four). Optical film milk package (4) (which is a variable-folding (four) distracting layer 100 of the phase substrate U. Variable refractive index 162607.doc 201245633 light; and the layer 100 includes first regions 14〇a and 14b and is disposed thereon The second region 13 〇 between the regions. In general, the region or region is identified by a combination of the refractive index of the included material and the region. The first region includes a nanovoided polymeric material and has a first refractive index. 6Γ substantially all regions include a nanovoided polymeric material and if the region has a refractive index within ±0.02 on a continuous transverse plane of the layer, the region is identified as the first region. The lateral plane of the layer is determined The method of refractive index is set forth below. The second region includes nanovoided polymeric materials and other materials, and has a second refractive index of fish = fold: a difference of at least about 0.03. The first and second regions can be = m voids The polymeric material is the same material. If the material is substantially incorporated into the second layer, the layer is taken into the layer and the refractive index of the first region is changed at least as follows: about 0.03 to about 〇·5, about 5. 5 to about 咖. Treated as other materials. - Example, the other materials are different from the binder of the material. In this case, the implementation of the non-aqueous gap polymer material of the nano-gap is concentrated. The other materials are the same as the binder used to form the sigma-containing material. The m-gap polymeric material region includes a right-hand side in the transverse plane, and the variable refractive index light-missing layer is connected to the region-region=!Γ, the refractive index in °2, and (4) the region has And the dream is not Γ less than the refractive index, & not the second area. In some embodiments, the variable index of refraction material is made in combination with other portions of the desired shape (e.g., layers) that have been formed. A sufficient amount of other material is used with the nanovoid 162607.doc 201245633 to obtain a desired refractive index change, and the change is at least about Ο. 〗 〖, female, force 〇 03 to about 0 5, about 0. 〇 5 to about 〇. 5 or about 〇. 〇 5 to about 0.25. The variable index light extraction layer includes first and second regions that are disposed opposite one another such that the variable index light extraction layer is for light transmitted at a supercritical angle in an adjacent layer The light is selectively selected in a predetermined manner based on the geometric configuration of the first and second regions: the light is taken. As used herein, the 'supercritical angle is equal to or greater than the critical angle of a given interface formed by the first region of the variable refractive index light-extracting layer and the adjacent layer (by the refractive index between the first region and the late neighboring layer) The angle measured by the difference. The critical angle is the minimum angle of incidence at which light from one medium to another smaller refractive index medium can be totally reflected from the boundary between the two mediums. Referring to FIG. 1b (which is a simplified diagram of the diagram ia), the light represented by the rays 15 〇 and 16 传输 is transmitted in the adjacent layer 120 by TIR. In this embodiment, the refractive indices of the first regions 140a and 140b are much smaller than The refractive index of the adjacent layer of the critical angle 1 shown is defined. Light passing through the supercritical angle represented by the ray 150 strikes the interface between the adjacent layer 120 and the first region 140b, and the incident angle of the ray 15 is greater than Θ. This causes substantially all of the light to be reflected at the interface. Also, in this embodiment, the refractive index of the second region 13 is approximately equal to or greater than the refractive index of the adjacent layer 120. In this case, there is no critical angle at the interface and the light represented by ray 160 passes through the interface between the adjacent layer 12 and the second region 130, thereby being drawn from the adjacent layer into the second region. Thus, for the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b, the first and second regions are arranged opposite each other such that light transmitted at a supercritical angle in the adjacent layer can be based on the variable refractive index light extraction layer based on the first And the second area 162607.doc 201245633 How to configure selective extraction in a predetermined manner. Figure lc shows a schematic cross section of an optical film that strikes her adjacent layer at a subcritical angle. The surface 170 of the adjacent layer 120 is struck at a subcritical angle by the light 18 〇 and the light just represented, and the light passes through the layers 12 and 100 substantially without deviation. Light represented by ray 190 passes through first region 14 讥 and light represented by ray 180 passes through second region 13 〇. Light passing through different regions of the variable index light extraction layer 100 has a small deviation (or even no deviation). This produces an optical film (e.g., exemplary optical film 105) having low twist and high definition such that the image on the opposite side has less distortion (or even no distortion) when viewed through the optical film. The first and second regions of the variable index light extraction layer can have any geometric configuration to produce a desired captured light pattern. In general, the refractive index characteristics of the variable index optical pickup layer can be varied in any manner as long as the desired optical properties of the layer are obtained. Figure 2 depicts a variable index light extraction layer with a non-refractive index that varies across the transverse plane of the layer. The refractive index characteristic curve shows the distance from the layer in the plan view. The line 'distance d corresponds to the distance in the lateral plane of the layer. Figure 2 shows that corresponds to d. The layer at some initial locations on the layer has a first index of refraction nl corresponding to the first region. Moving across the transverse plane of the layer, the first index of refraction (1) is observed until reaching dl, where the refractive index of the layer suddenly increases to correspond to the second region - from 4 + Φ to the refractive index of ~. Continuing to move across the lateral plane of the layer, a second index of refraction n2 is observed until the material is reached, wherein the refractive index of the layer suddenly drops to indicate the first region. The change in refractive index between two adjacent and second regions having a low refractive index and a high refractive index, respectively, can be varied in many ways. For example, I62607.doc 201245633 refractive index change between two adjacent regions Can be sudden, gentle. Same in the ladder function. For another example, the change in refractive index may be monotonic, which causes the refractive index to continuously increase or decrease (observation as the end moves from the first region to the second region or from the second region to the first region, respectively). Variety). In some cases, the first and second indices of refraction adjacent the first and second regions vary with some combination of a step function and a monotonic function. The refractive index of the first region of the variable light & layer is smaller than the refractive index of the first region. For example, the 'first-index' can be less than about 14, less than about! 3 or less than about 1,2. The first refractive index can range from about 1.15 to about i.45, from about h2 to about 1.42, from about 1.2 to about uo, or from about 12 to about i35. In general, the particular first and second indices of refraction and the particular difference between the two depend on the desired optical properties of the variable refractive index light extraction layer described below. The difference in refractive index between the first and second regions is greater than about 0.03. In some embodiments, the difference in refractive index between the first and second regions is greater than G.05, greater than G.l, greater than 0.2, or greater than 〇25. The nanovoided polymeric material generally comprises a plurality of interconnected nano-voids or a network of nano-voids dispersed in the viscous". At least some of the nano-mesh in the plurality of nano-m networks are via a hollow tunnel or an empty (four) path-like path. The nano-spaces of each other are not necessarily free of all substances and/or particles. For example, in some cases, the nanovoids may contain - or a plurality of, for example, smaller viscous enthalpy and/or nano granules. Fibrous or wire-like objects. It is revealed that: some of the first-regions comprise a plurality of interconnected nano-voids or a plurality of nano-void networks, wherein each of the plurality of nano-voids or nano-spaces in the network: In some cases, except for the plurality of interconnected nano-voids, the first-area region may include a closed or unconnected nano-void portion, which means that the nano-voids are 162607.doc 201245633 Not connected to other nappe gaps via (iv). The non-gap polymeric materials are designed to support TIR by including a plurality of nanovoids. When optically transparent (clear and non-porous, adjacent layers of light are incident on the Incident light when layer of high porosity The reflectivity is much higher at the oblique angle than at the normal incidence. In the case of a nano-void with a small twist (or even no twist), the 愔# π , the L-domain of the It shape is larger than the critical angle The reflectance at the corner is close to about 1 GG%. In the case of material, the human light occurs TM. The disclosed N-band gap has a refractive index nv and a dielectric constant %, 2 where ην2 = εν, and the adhesive has Refractive index nb and dielectric constant Sb, where nb. In general, the interaction of the nanovoided polymeric material layer with light (eg, light incident on or in the layer) depends on various layer characteristics, such as layers Thickness, refractive index of the binder, refractive index of the nanovoids or pores, shape and size of the pores, spatial distribution of the pores, and wavelength of light. In the second It shape, incident on the nanovoided polymeric material layer or in the nanovoids The "experience" or "experience" effective dielectric constant of light propagating within a layer of polymeric material

Seff and effective refractive index neff 'where neff can be expressed according to the refractive index nv of the nanovoid, the refractive index nb of the binder, and the porosity or volume fraction "f" of the nanovoids. In these cases, the layer is sufficiently thick. And the nanovoids are small enough that the light cannot distinguish the shape and characteristics of the single or separate nanovoids. In such cases, the size of at least a majority of the nanovoids (eg, at least 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% of the nanovoids) is no greater than about λ/5 or no greater than about λ/6 or no greater than about λ/8 or no more than about λ/10 or no more than about λ/20, wherein the wavelength of the lanthanide light. In some embodiments, the visible light of the optical region of the first region 162607.doc • 12-201245633 that is incident on the variable light extraction layer can range from about 3 80 nm to about 750 nm or about 400 nm. To about 700 nm or about 420 nm to about 680 nm » in these cases 'if at least most of the nanovoids (eg at least 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% of the nanovoids) are not More than about 7〇ηπ1 or no more than about 60 nm or no more than about 50 nm or no more than about 40 nm or no more than about 30 nm or no more than about 20 nm or no more than about 1 〇 nm 'the variable optical pickup layer The first region has an effective refractive index and includes a plurality of nanovoids. In some cases, the first region disclosed by the variable refractive index light extraction layer is sufficiently thick so that the region may suitably have a refractive index according to the nanovoid and the binder and a volume fraction of the nanovoid or pore or Porosity is used to indicate the effective refractive index. In such cases, the thickness of the first region is not less than about 100 nm or not less than about 200 nm or not less than about 5 〇〇 nm or not less than about 700 nm or not less than about 〇〇〇, ηηηι. When the nanovoid void in the disclosed first region is sufficiently small and the region is sufficiently thick, the effective dielectric constant % of the first region can be expressed as follows: £eff = f Ev + (lf) 8b (1) In such cases The effective refractive index of the lower first region can be expressed as follows: Center of the heart (10) (7) In some cases, for example, when the difference between the refractive indices of the pores and the binder is sufficiently small, the effective refractive index of the first region can be approximately represented As follows: neff=f nv+(lf) nb (3) The effective refractive index of the lower region of the second province, etc., is the nano-void and adhesion: the volume-weighted average of the refractive index of the crucible. For example, the void volume fraction The ratio is about 1.25607.doc •13·201245633 is about 1.25. The rate is about 1.25. Figure 3 is the variable area refractive index of the first region of m, F ^ The schematic cross-section 囫 'the first region comprises 牟 允 二 二 二 、 凋 凋 凋 凋 凋 凋 凋 凋 凋 凋 凋 及 及 及 及 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 A plurality of interconnected nano-voids 320 dispersed in the bond 310 are included. The nano-voids 320 comprise interconnects + semi-history voids 320A-320C. The first and second major surfaces 3 3 0 and 3 3 2 are respectively identified by a .a. If you pass the surface aperture 320D_Gm Show that 'surface pores 320D-G can be well+, -r τ ΐβ J quite or may not provide a tunnel extending from one surface to the other surface or through the thickness of the region. Some nano-voids (such as nano-voids 3 and The thief is located inside the first region and may or may not be open to the surface. The size of the void 320 may be controlled by a suitable composition and manufacturing process, such as coating, drying and curing conditions. In general, the tenth can be any desired value in any desired range of values. For example, in some cases, at least a majority of the nanovoids (eg, at least 6% or 7% or 80% or 90% or The size of the 95% nanopore) is within the desired range. For example, 5, in some cases, at least a majority of the nanovoids (eg, at least 6% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% of the nanometers) The size of the void) is not more than about 5 〇〇 nm 'not more than 400 nm, not more than about 300 nm, not more than about 2 00 nm, no more than about 1 〇〇 nm, no more than about 7 〇 ηηη or no more than about 50 nm. In some cases, some nanovoids may be small enough to change the refractive index of the region with less or no light. The binder may comprise any material such as a polymer. The binder may be a polymer formed from a polymerizable composition comprising a monomer, wherein the monomers 162607.doc -14· 201245633 are used as follows Curing in a manner: actinic radiation, for example, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, electron beam radiation, heat, and combinations thereof; or any of a variety of conventional anions, cations, free radicals, or other polymerization techniques that can be initiated chemically by thermal means. . The polymerization can be carried out using solvent polymerization, emulsion polymerization, suspension polymerization, bulk polymerization, and the like: the useful monomer comprises a small molecule having a molecular weight of less than about 5 g/mole, and a molecular weight of more than 5 g/mole: about 10,000 g/mole oligomers and polymers having a molecular weight greater than 1 〇〇〇〇g/mole to about 100,000 g/mole. Representative examples of curable groups suitable for practicing the present disclosure include epoxy groups, ethylenically unsaturated groups, olefin carbon-carbon double bonds, allyloxy groups, (meth) acrylate groups, Methyl) acrylamide groups, cyano ester groups, vinyl ether groups, combinations of such groups, and the like. The monomers can be monofunctional or polyfunctional and capable of forming a crosslinked network upon polymerization. As used herein, (meth) acrylate refers to acrylate and methacrylate, and (meth) acrylamide refers to acrylamide and decyl propyl amide. Useful monomers include stupid ethylene, alpha-mercaptostyrene, substituted styrene, ethyl sulfonium, ethyl sulphide, fluorenyl-ethylene-2-ene. ratio. Each of β-butanone, (fluorenyl) acrylamide, fluorene-substituted (fluorenyl) acrylamide, octyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, nonyl phenol ethoxy ( Methyl) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (mercapto) acrylate, 2-(2-ethoxyl) (meth) acrylate Ethoxy)ethyl ester, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, butanediol mono(decyl)acrylate, β-carboxyethyl (mercapto)acrylate Ester, isobutyl (meth) acrylate, alicyclic epoxide, α_epoxide, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, methyl 162607.doc 15 201245633, (meth) acrylonitrile, horse Anhydride, itaconic acid, isodecyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, (meth) acrylate vinegar, (Methyl)acrylic acid hexyl S, (mercapto) propene acid, N-ethylene hexylamine, (mercapto) stearyl vinegar, trans-functional polycap Ester (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxymethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxyisopropyl (meth) acrylate, ( Hydroxybutyl methacrylate, hydroxyisobutyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, combinations thereof, and the like, such as c-functional oligomers and polymers, may also be herein Collectively referred to as "higher molecular weight components or species." Suitable higher molecular weight components can be included in the disclosure

a π vq polymer containing a polyoxo oxygen, a substance or a polymer comprising an aliphatic polyurethane polyester, a polyimine, a polyamine, an epoxy polymerized copolymer of ethylene and the like Substituting phenethyl hydrazine, containing Dunhua polymers, combinations of such materials, and such as 162607.doc 201245633. For some applications, poly 16-formic acid vinegar and acrylic acid oligomers and/or polymers may have improved durability and weatherability characteristics. These materials also tend to be readily soluble in the reactive diluent formed by the self-radiating curable (meth) acrylate functional monomer. Since the aromatic component of the oligomer and/or polymer generally tends to have poor weatherability and/or poor solar resistance, the aromatic component may be limited to less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 1% by weight, and may be substantially Not included in the oligomers and/or polymers and reactive diluents of the present disclosure. Thus, the direct bond, branched chain and/or cyclic aliphatic and/or heterocyclic component are preferably used to form oligomers and/or polymers for use in outdoor applications. Suitable radiation curable polymerizable polymers and/or polymers for use in the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, (meth)acrylated amino phthalates (ie, urethane (meth) acrylates) , (fluorenyl) acrylated epoxy resin (ie, epoxy (meth) acrylate), (fluorenyl) acrylated polyester (ie, polyester (fluorenyl) acrylate), ( Mercapto acrylated (fluorenyl) acrylate, (fluorenyl) acrylated polyoxyl, (fluorenyl) acrylated polyether (ie, polyether (meth) acrylate)' Vinyl acrylate and (mercapto)acrylic acid S. The material for toughening the nanovoided layer 300 includes a resin having high tensile strength and high elongation, e.g., CN9893, CN902, CN9001, CN961, and CN964 from Sartomer; and from cytec.

EBECRYL 4833 and Eb8804. Suitable toughening materials also include combinations of "hard" oligoacrylates and "soft" oligoacrylates. Examples of "hard" acrylates include polyamino phthalate acrylates (e.g., EBECRYL 162607.doc • 17· 201245633 4866), polyester acrylates (e.g., EBECRYL 83 8), and epoxy acrylates (e.g., EBECRYL 600, EBECRYL). 3200 and EBECRYL 1608 (available from Cytec) and CN2920, CN2261 and CN9013 (purchased from Sartomer). Examples of "soft" acrylates include EBECRYL 8411 from Cytec; and CN959, CN9782 and CN973 from Sartomer. When added to the coating formulation in the range of 5-25% by weight of the total solids (excluding the solvent portion), the materials can effectively toughen the nanovoided structured layer. The nano-voided polymeric material may or may not contain Contains particles. The size of the particles 340 (12 can be any desired value in any desired range of values. For example, in some cases, at least a majority of the particles (eg, at least 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% of the particles) The size is within the desired range. For example, in some cases, at least a majority of the particles (eg, at least 60% or 70% or 80% or 90% or 95% of the particles) have a size no greater than about 5 um or no Greater than about 3 um or no more than about 2 um or no more than about 1 um or no more than about 700 nm or no more than about 500 nm or no more than about 200 nm or no more than about 100 nm or no more than about 50 nm 〇 In some cases Lower particles 340 have an average particle size of no greater than about 5 um, no greater than about 3 um, no greater than about 2 um, no greater than about 1 um, no greater than about 700 nm, no greater than about 500 nm, no greater than about 200 nm, Not more than about 100 nm or no more than about 50 nm. In some cases, some of the particles may be small enough to change the refractive index of the region with little or no light scattering. In some cases, ch and / or d2 are small enough In order to change the refractive index of the region with little or no light scattering. In such cases For example, 162607.doc •18· 201245633, seven and/or ten is no more than about λ/5, no more than about λ/6, no more than about λ/8, no more than about "10, no more than about λ/20 In the case of λ-ray light of 纟, according to another example 'in these cases, d丨 and d2 are no greater than about 70 nm, no greater than about 6 〇 nm, no greater than about 50 nm, no greater than about 40 nm, Not more than about 30 nm, not more than about 2 〇 nm, or not more than about 1. Other properties of the particles used in the nanovoided polymeric layer include shapes. The particles may have a regular shape (e.g., a spherical shape) or an irregular shape. It may be elongate particles and have an average aspect ratio of not less than about 1.5, not less than about 2, not less than, scoop 3 not less than about 4 or not less than about 5. In some cases, the granules may be in the form of a string of pearls (eg, available from Nissan Chemical) The form or shape of the obtained SNOWTEX-PS particles or aggregate chains of spherical or amorphous particles (for example, fumed cerium oxide). The nanoparticles may be inorganic or organic particles or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, The rice granules may be porous particles, hollow particles, solid particles or a group thereof Examples of machine-nanoparticles include cerium oxide and metal oxides such as zirconia, titania, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide, iron oxide, strontium sulphate, cerium oxide, tin oxide, oxidized sulphur dioxide, and sulphur dioxide. The cerium oxide/cerium oxide and combinations thereof. The nanoparticles may be surface modified such that they are chemically and/or physically bonded to the binder. In the former case, the surface-modified nanoparticle has The chemical method and the ability of the point combination to carry out the reaction. In general, surface modifications are well known and can be practiced using conventional materials and techniques as described in the references cited above. The desired properties of the nano-voided polymeric layer can be about 30:70, 40:6, 5:5, 55:45, 162,607.doc •19-201245633 60:40, 70:30, 80:20 or 90:10 or greater. The preferred range of wt% of the nanoparticles is between about 10% and about 60% by weight, and may depend on the density and size of the nanoparticles used. In the case where the primary optical effect of the gap network 320 and the particles 340 affects the effective refractive index and minimizes the scattered light, the optical density of the optical layer 300 due to the void 32 〇 and the particles 34 不 is not more than about 5% or Not greater than about 4% or no greater than about 3.5% or no greater than about 4% or no greater than about 3% or no greater than about 2.5% or no greater than about 2% or no greater than about 15% or no greater than about 1%. In such cases, the effective medium of the optical layer has an effective refractive index of no greater than about 14 Å or no greater than about 1.35 or no greater than about 1.3 or no greater than about 1.25 or no greater than about 1.2 or no greater than about 1.15. Other materials may be present in addition to the binder 310 and the particles 340. For example, the first region 300 can include one or more additives (e.g., coupling agents) to aid in wetting the surface of the substrate on which the nanovoided polymeric material is formed (not explicitly shown in Figure 3). Other Examples in the First Zone 3 The raw material comprises an initiator (e.g., one or more photoinitiators), an antistatic agent, a UV absorber, and a release agent. The non-rice gap polymeric material is typically formed as a layer. A method of making a nanovoided polymeric material layer is described in the above cited references by Ruler 113 et al. In one method, a solution comprising a plurality of particles (e.g., nanoparticles) and/or a polymerizable material in a bath is first prepared, wherein the polymerizable material can comprise, for example, or a plurality of types of monomers. Next, the polymerizable material is polymerized by, for example, application of heat or light to form a soluble polymer matrix in a solvent. In some cases, 'after the polymerization step' the solvent may still contain a 162607.doc • 20 · 201245633 Polymerizable material, but at a lower concentration. Next, the solvent is removed by drying or evaporating the solution to obtain a void network or a plurality of voids 32 dispersed in the polymer binder 31. The first area of the program. The first zone additionally comprises a plurality of particles 34 分散 dispersed in the polymer. The particles are bound to the binder' wherein the combination can be a physical bond or a chemical bond. In general, the formed nanovoided polymeric layer can have a desired porosity or void volume' which can depend on the desired enthalpy of the first region of the variable index light absorbing layer. For example, the first region can have from about 2% to about 70%, from about 30% to about 7%. /. Or a void volume of from about 40% to about 70%. In some cases, the 'void volume is not less than about 2%, not less than about 3%, not less than about 40%, not less than about 5%, not less than about 6%, not less than about, not less than about 80%. Or not less than about 9〇%. In some embodiments the 'first region 3' has a low optical mobility. In such cases, the optical density of the optical layer is no greater than about 1% or no greater than about 7〇/〇 or no greater than about 5% or no greater than about 43⁄4 or no greater than about 35% or no greater than about 43⁄4 or Not more than about 3% or not more than about 2.5% or not more than about 2. /. Or no more than about 1.5% or no more than about 1%. The range of twist in the first region may range from about 1 to about 5, about 1 to 2%, or less than 1%. ^ In such cases, the smaller effective refractive index of the optical film may be no greater than about 14 or no. Greater than about 135 or no greater than about 1.3 or no greater than about 12 or no greater than about 1.15 or no greater than about 1.1 or no greater than about 1.05. For light incident perpendicularly to the optical layer 300, the optical mobility as used herein is defined as the ratio of transmitted light to total transmitted light that is more than 4 degrees from the vertical. The values disclosed in this paper use Haze_

Gard Plus 霾度计(BYK-Gardiner, Silver Springs, Md.) Root 162607.doc 21 201245633 Measured according to the procedure described in ASTM D1 003. In some embodiments, the first region 300 has high optical clarity. For light incident perpendicularly to the first region 300, the optical clarity used herein refers to the ratio (TV^/d+Ts), where T is the transmitted light from the vertical direction 1 > 6 degrees to 2 degrees. And Τ'2 is a transmitted light that is between zero degrees and 〇7 degrees from the vertical direction. The sharpness values disclosed in this paper are from ΒΥΚ-

Gardiner's Haze-Gard Plus oximeter was measured. In the case where the first region 300 has an optical clarity, the sharpness is not less than about 8% or not less than about 85% or not less than about 90% or not less than about 95%. The nano-voided polymeric material of the first region 300 can be produced by applying the above solution containing the solvent to the substrate. In many cases, the substrate can be formed from any of the polymeric materials used in the roll-to-roll process. In some embodiments, the substrate layer is transparent and has a small twist (or even sharpness, and is composed of, for example, polyethylene terephthalate (pET), poly) carbon: a!, acrylics and rings A polymer such as an olefin polymer is formed. The substrate may also include a transparent substrate such as glass and other transparent inorganic materials. The substrate may also include a reflective scattering substrate or material, such as a diffuse white polymeric substrate, a semi-mirror substrate, a polymeric substrate such as a multilayer optical film (e.g., an ESR available from 3M) metal half mirror reflector (e.g., wire drawing). In some cases, the panel may include a release liner to allow the nano-void polymeric layer 300 to be transferred to another substrate (e.g., an adhesive layer). In the case where the region includes a nano-voided polymeric material, the nano-space _ and _^ = material resides in the nano-voided polymeric material. The refractive index is sufficiently high to read the refractive index of the second region > 162607.doc - 22· 201245633 Refractive index in the first region. Right/, the material contained in the material can be included in the strip half (Λ? ρ 聚合 聚合 以便 以便 以便 以便 以便 可变 可变 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 U U U U U U U U U U U U U And the layer can be used to visually play the role of the material. Other materials have a high refractive index, so that it can increase the refractive index of the gap polymeric material, also ... work, yi ( 'The brother - refractive index increased by at least about 〇. 〇 3 'For example, 'about 3 to about' 〇 25. To, 5, about 0.05 to about 0.5, or about 0.05 to about - generally, other materials may have a refractive index range of about 14 Å. Other materials The exact refractive index (4) will depend on the refractive index of the nanovoided polymeric material and the refractive index of the extracted layer from 1, and the adjacent layer of the adjacent layer. , the adjacent transparent layer does not take light. For the real ", and the layer is designed to be taken from the moth For this function, the refractive index of one of the variable refractive index light-receiving layers must be smaller than that of the transmissive (four), and the second layer of the second layer of the layer is the refraction of the Niujiu. The rate is approximately equal to or greater than the neighboring time of no light extraction - in general, other materials are incorporated into the nano-voided polymeric material having little or no other material on the surface of the nanovoided polymeric material. In some embodiments The other material substantially completely fills the interconnected nanovoids so that less or no void volume (less than 5% void_) remains in the interior. In some embodiments, other materials partially fill the interconnected navy voids for retention Some void volume, depending on the refractive index of other materials and the desired refractive index difference between the first region and the second region, the first region includes a specific amount of void volume, and the second region may have less than about 2 () %, less than about 10%, less than about 5 ° / or less than about 1% void volume. Illustrative other materials include small molecules, oligomers and polymers. Used in the manufacture of 162607.doc -23· 201245633 The above materials of the rice void polymeric material Any of these can be used as other materials. Typically, other materials are deposited into the voids of the nanovoided polymeric material using methods such as printing, as described below. In some cases, the solid polymerizable material is bound, And the viscosity of the material allows the penetration of other materials into the nanovoided polymeric material under the application conditions, thereby forming the second region. The other materials may be selected according to the method in which the nano (4) void polymerization layer is used. In the following, for example, in some embodiments, a variable refractive index light absorbing layer is fabricated by depositing other materials on selected regions or regions comprising the surface of the layer of nanovoided polymeric (4). Other materials (iv) penetrate into the nanovoided polymeric material so that less or other material remains on the surface of the layer. This embodiment may require other materials and have a sufficiently low viscosity and the molecular composition should be small enough to penetrate into the nanovoids of the nanovoided polymeric material and pass through the nanovoids. In an embodiment, the variable refractive index light absorbing layer is fabricated by depositing a polymerizable composition on selected regions or regions of the surface comprising a layer of nanovoided polymeric material. The polymerizable composition is then infiltrated into the nanovoided material to retain the polymerizable composition on the surface of the layer. The polymerizable composition can then be polymerized by conventional means to form other materials, thereby forming a second region having the first material and other materials. In some cases, other materials completely penetrate the thickness of the nanovoided polymeric material layer. The first and second regions may be arranged opposite each other in a lateral plane of the variable index light scooping layer to control the light in a desired manner. For example, the second region may include a plurality of second 162607.doc • 24· 201245633 in the horizontal plane of the layer in a fixed pattern. The second region may include a plurality of random configurations. a second region on a lateral plane of the layer. The first or second region may be a light field on a lateral plane of the layer. For a first or second region that is discontinuous (i.e., a plurality of regions), the density can vary in either direction in the transverse plane of the layer. For example, the density of the second region can vary in one or two dimensions on a lateral plane: . A number of such embodiments are illustrated in Figures 4a-4d, 5a and 5bt. π is based on the function of the variable index light extraction layer design to determine the preferred thickness of the layer. The layer thickness depends on the nature of the nanovoided polymeric material. The variable index light wicking layer should be sufficiently thick so that the first region provides optical isolation of the adjacent transparent substrate (where supercritical light propagates) and the other layer disposed on the opposite side of the variable index light extraction layer. . The thickness of the nanovoided polymeric layer should be sufficiently thin that other materials can be deposited on the layer and substantially penetrate into the layer and in some cases pass through the thickness of the layer ' thereby creating a second region, in some cases, The variable index light absorbing layer has a thickness greater than about one nm, or a thickness ranging from about 5 〇〇 nm to about 1 〇〇 um, from about 5 〇〇 nm to about 8 um, from about 1 μm to about 5 um or about i um to about 3 um. The variable index light extraction layer supports or promotes TIR, whereby the layer is sufficiently thick so that the evanescent tail of the light that undergoes TIR on the surface of the variable index light extraction layer is not optically coupled in the thickness of the layer, or optical Very little coupling. In such cases, the thickness of the 彳-refractive-index light-missing layer is not less than about 〇$, not less than about 1 um, not less than about not less than about 1_3 um, not less than about 1 4 not less than about 1.7 um or Not less than about 2 1·1 um, not less than about 1.2 um um, not less than about 1.5 um, um. A sufficiently thick variable index diaphragm 162607.doc 5 -25- 201245633 Layering prevents "unexpected optical coupling of the evanescent tail of the optical mode in layer 4". In the second clearing, the refractive index light extraction layer has a 4 氐 optical twist (measured in the form of the overall properties of the layer). In such cases, the optical refractive index of the variable index optical extraction layer is no greater than about 10%, no greater than about 7%, no greater than about 5%, no greater than about 4%, no greater than about 35%, no greater than About 4%, no more than about 3%, no more than about 2.5%, no more than about 2%, no more than about 1,5°/〇 or no more than about 1%. In such cases, the reduced effective refractive index of the variable index light extraction layer may be no greater than about 〇4〇, no greater than about 1.35, no greater than about 1.3, no greater than about 1>2, no greater than about 115, no. Greater than about 1.1 or no greater than about 1.05. For light incident perpendicularly to the surface of a given layer, the optical mobility used herein is defined as the ratio of transmitted light to total transmitted light that is more than 4 degrees from the vertical. The values disclosed in this paper are based on the Haze-Gard Plus 霾度计 (BYK_Gardiner,SUver)

Springs, Md.) was measured according to the procedure described in ASTM D1003. In some cases, the variable index light extraction layer has high optical clarity. Optical clarity as used herein is defined for light incident perpendicular to the layer and refers to the ratio (IVT2) / (T1 + T2), where Tl is offset from the vertical direction by 6 to 2 degrees of transmitted light 'and '2' It is transmitted light that is between zero degrees and 〇7 degrees from the vertical direction. The sharpness values disclosed herein were measured using a Haze-Gard Plus oximeter from ΒΥΚ_Gardiner. In the case where the variable refractive index light extraction layer has high optical clarity, the sharpness is not less than about 80% and not less than about 85 °/. Not less than about 90% or not less than about 95%. The variable index light scooping layer can include first and second regions that are disposed opposite each other in a lateral plane of the layer in a period of time I62607.doc -26-201245633, such that the layer provides desired optical performance characteristics. Figure 4a is a plan view showing a variable index optical pickup layer of an exemplary geometric configuration of the first and second regions. The variable index light extraction layer 400 includes a first region 41〇 (continuous in the layer, as seen in the plan view of the layer) and a second region 42〇 (which is closed by a rectangle shown by a dashed line) Discrete area). As noted above, the dashed lines used throughout the disclosure indicate the general locations of the first and second regions, however, such dashed lines are not intended to illustrate any-class boundaries between regions. As described herein, 'the second region is formed by depositing other materials on the nanovoided polymeric material (usually by some printing means) so that the penetration, loyalty, etc. of other materials in the m-gap polymeric material depends on The chemical chemistry of the materials used to form the regions and properties such as viscosity, wettability, temperature, and the like. The shape of the second region 420 is a rectangle or strip having substantially the same length and width that extends over the width of the layer 400 and is arranged at an increasing frequency from left to right. The refractive index of the second region 420 is at least about 〇.〇3 greater than the first region. Figure 4b shows the refractive index profile of the variable index optical pickup layer, wherein the X-axis identifies a position d below the layer length at some substantially single position % as shown in Figure 4a. The refractive index profile shows the change in refractive index of the layer 纟, including the pattern between the first index of refraction and the second index of refraction, respectively. The graphs and cuts respectively show the selected optical properties of light transmittance. /. And a characteristic curve of % clarity of clarity, and for both properties there is substantially little or no change below the length of the layer. Figure 5a shows a plan view of another variable-refractive-index light and delamination, 1 exemplified by an exemplary geometric configuration of the first and second regions of 162607.doc -27. 201245633. The variable index light extraction layer 5 includes a first region 510 (continuous in the layer, as seen in the plan view of the layer) and a second region 520 (which is closed by a circle shown by a dashed line) The discrete area pattern also shows that the density of the second region 52 可 can vary in the X and ^ dimensions. Figure 5b shows a plan view of another variable index light extraction layer showing exemplary first and second regions. The geometrically configured variable refractive index light extraction layer 530 includes a first region 54〇 (continuous in the layer, as seen in the plan view of the layer) and a second region 55〇 (which is depicted by a dashed line) Shape (in this case a heart-shaped closed closed area). The pattern shows that the geometric configuration of the high refractive index region does not have to be changed in a gradient, but it can also be patterned to provide supercriticality from the adjacent transparent layer. A stepwise image capture of light. The geometric configuration of the first and second regions of the variable light capture layer is designed to capture supercritical light propagating in an adjacent transparent layer and to illuminate the light in a predetermined pattern (eg, substantially uniform illumination) Delivery to location The variable refractive index light extraction layer may be disposed on the substrate. The substrate may include a support for manufacturing the layer as described in PCT Application No. US 2011/021053 (Wolk et al.). In some embodiments, the optical film comprises a variable refractive index light absorbing layer disposed on a moon permeable substrate. As used herein, "transparent" means optically clear and substantial in nature. Low-twisting and non-scattering. Illustrating the desired properties of the optical film, an exemplary transparent substrate has the desired optical properties. The translucent substrate can include a polymeric substrate, such as poly(methyl) acrylate, Polycarbonate and the like. In some embodiments, the transparent substrate 162607.doc -28 201245333 includes a light guide as described below. In some embodiments, the transparent substrate has a degree of twist and provides some light scattering so that Light can be scattered in the forward direction toward the reflective scattering element layer 650. Figure 6 shows a set of exemplary illumination devices 6 (including a variable index light extraction layer) and reflective scattering elements illuminated by the device. The illumination device 600 includes a light guide 6 disposed adjacent to the variable light extraction layer 63. The light guide is optically coupled to the top surface 625 of the variable index light extraction layer 630 (indicated by the dashed line between the two surfaces). The reflective scattering element 65 (shown in layer form for simplicity) is adjacent to the opposite surface 635 of the variable index light extraction layer. The reflective scattering element is optically coupled to the bottom surface of the variable index light extraction layer 635 (by both surfaces) The dotted line indicates that the light source 6〇1 is optically coupled to the light guide 6ι so that light emitted by the light source can enter the light guide. In some embodiments, the bottom surface 615 of the light guide 610 and the variable index light extraction layer There is no air gap between the top P surface 625 & with air % ' and between the bottom surface 635 of the variable index light absorbing layer 630 and the reflective scattering element 65 ,, so that optical coupling occurs. In some embodiments, the refractive index of the light guide 610 is between the refractive indices of the first and second regions of the variable index light extraction layer. A method of providing light according to this embodiment includes: providing a light source, a light guide, and an optical film including a variable refractive index light absorbing layer; and optically aligning the light source with the light guide and optically modulating the light guide with the variable index light The light emitted by the light source is transmitted by total internal reflection in the light guide and selectively extracted from the light guide by the variable refractive index light absorbing layer. In some embodiments, the variable filament layer gamma can be disposed directly on the surface 645 of the scattering element 650607.doc -29·201245633. Light guide 610 can be attached directly to surface 625 of the variable light extraction layer by a number of methods. As described below, the light guide 61 can include a thermoplastic resin material (eg, an acrylic), and in such cases, the light guide can be formed by casting a molten resin onto the surface 625 of the variable refractive index draw layer, or It can be attached to the variable refractive index draw layer by an insert injection molding process. In some cases the "lightguide 61" includes an elastomeric material such that it can be thermally laminated to the surface 625 of the variable index drawdown layer. In some cases, light guide 610 includes a pressure sensitive adhesive (pSA) such that it can be laminated directly onto surface 625 of the variable index draw layer. In the case where the light guide 61 is not an adhesive, the variable refractive index light can be used using an optically clear adhesive; and the surface 625 of the layer is adhered to the surface 615 of the light guide. Optical clearing adhesives are set forth below. Light guide 610 can comprise any suitable material or materials. For example, the light guide may comprise glass, acrylate (including polymethyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, polystyrene, styrene methacrylate copolymer and blend, cyclic olefin polymer (eg, ΖΕΟΝ Chemicals Louisville, ZEONEX and ZEONOR) from KY, fluoropolymers, poly phthalocyanines (including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene naphthalate B: (PEN)) and Copolymer containing PET or PEN or both, polyurethane urethane, epoxy resin, polyolefin (including polyethylene, polypropylene, polynorbornene, isotactic, atactic, and syndiotactic a stereoisomeric form of the dilute and a concentrated smoke produced by the polymerization of a pentane metal. In the case of a pull, the light guide can be an elastomeric material, such as an elastomeric polyamine phthalate material and a t-stone-based polymer (including but not limited to polydihydrocarbosulfan, 162607.doc • 30 · 201245633 Polyoxyl polyurea and polyoxymethylene polyoxazamide). In some embodiments, the lightguide is a viscoelastic lightguide as described in W〇 2010/005655 A2 (Sherman et al.). In general, a viscoelastic lightguide includes one or more viscoelastic materials that exhibit elastic and viscous behavior when deformed. Elastic properties mean that the material can return to its original shape after removal of the transient load. One measure of the elasticity of a material is referred to as the tension alpha enthalpy, which varies with the elongation remaining after the material is stretched and subsequently restored (de-stretched) under the same conditions under which it is stretched. If the tension setting of the material is 〇%, it returns to its original length after relaxation and if the tension is set to 100%, the length of the material after relaxation is twice its original length. The tension setpoint can be measured using ASTM D4. The tensile setting of the useful viscoelastic material can be greater than about 1%, greater than about 3%, or greater than about 〇/〇 or from about 5/〇 to about 70%, about i〇〇/. Up to about 7〇%, about 3〇% to about 7〇% or about 10% to about 60%. The viscous materials belonging to Newtonian liquid have the viscosity characteristics of Newtek law, and Newton's law states that the stress increases linearly with the shear gradient. When the gradient is removed, the liquid does not return to its shape. The viscous properties of a useful viscoelastic material include the fluidity of the material at a reasonable temperature so that the material does not decompose. The viscoelastic lightguide can have a property that promotes the material that is designed to extract light from the light (four): at least a portion (e.g., optical article) that is sufficiently contacted or wetted so that the viscoelastic lightguide is optically optically coupled to the optical article. It can then take no light from the elastic light guide. Viscoelastic light guides are usually soft, compliant and abreast. Therefore, the 'viscoelastic light guide can have an elastic modulus (or storage modulus G·) 162607.doc •31 · 201245633 in order to obtain sufficient contact 'and have a viscous modulus (or loss modulus G") so that the layer is not It flows desirably and has a damping coefficient (G"/G', tan D) with respect to the relative damping of the layer. Useful viscoelastic materials can have a storage modulus G' of less than about 30,000,000 Pa (measured at 10 rad/sec and about 20 ° C to about 22 ° C). Dynamic mechanical analysis can be used to measure the viscoelastic properties of materials according to, for example, ASTM D4065, D4440, and D5279. In some embodiments, the viscoelastic lightguide comprises a PSA layer as described in the Dalquist criterion line (eg, Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology, Second Edition, edited by D. Satas, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, As described in 1989). The viscoelastic lightguide can have a specific peel force or a peel force that exhibits at least a specific range. For example, the 90° release force of the viscoelastic lightguide can range from about 50 g/in to about 3000 g/in, from about 300 g/in to about 3000 g/in, or from about 500 g/in to about 3000 g/in. Peeling force can be measured using a peel tester from IMASS. In some embodiments, the viscoelastic lightguide comprises an optically clear lightguide having from about 80% to about 100%, about 90°/in at least a portion of the visible light spectrum (about 400 nm to about 700 nm). Up to about 1%, about 95°/. High light transmission to about 100% or about 98% to about 100%. In some embodiments, the viscoelastic lightguide has a twist value of less than about 5% and less than about 3°. Or less than about 1%. In some embodiments, the viscoelastic lightguide has a twist value of from about 〇.〇1% to less than about 5%, about 0.01°/. To less than about 3% or from about 0.01% to less than about 1%. The transmission mobility value can be determined using a twistometer according to ASTM D1 003. 162607.doc • 32- 201245633 In some embodiments, the viscoelastic lightguide comprises an optically clear lightguide having a high light transmission and a low temperature value. The high light transmittance may be from about 90% to about 100%, about 95, in at least a portion of the visible light spectrum (about 4 Torr (10) to about 700 (10)). /. To about 1 () 〇 % or about 99% to about 8%, and the 胄 degree 胄 can be from about 〇 (4) to less than about 5%, about 〇. 〇 1% to less than about 3% or about G (four) to less than about 1% . The viscoelastic lightguide can also have a light transmission of from about 5% to about 100%. The viscoelastic lightguide can have a refractive index ranging from W.3 to about 2.6, 7 or from about i5 to about 1.7. The particular refractive index or range of refractive indices selected for the viscoelastic lightguide can depend on the overall design of the illumination device and the particular application in which the device can be used. The viscoelastic photoconductive material can include nanoparticle that modifies the refractive index of the viscoelastic photoconductive material or affects the mechanical properties of the viscoelastic photoconductive material. Suitable nanoparticles are sized such that the particles produce the desired effect and do not introduce significant amounts of scattering into the photoconductive material. A viscoelastic lightguide typically comprises at least one polymer. The viscoelastic lightguide can comprise at least one PSA. PSA can be used to adhere the adhesive to and exhibit properties such as: (1) strong and long-lasting viscosity, (2) adhesion with a finger pressure, (3) sufficient ability to be fixed to the adhesive, and 4) It has sufficient cohesive strength so that it can be cleanly removed from the adhesive. Materials suitable for use as pressure sensitive adhesives have been found to be designed and formulated to exhibit the desired viscoelastic properties of the polymer which achieves the desired balance of tack, peel adhesion and shear retention. Getting the right balance of properties is not a simple process. A quantitative description of PSA can be found in the reference to DaMquist cited above. 162607.doc -33· 201245633 Useful PS A is described in detail in the references cited above by Sherman et al. Useful PSAs comprise a poly(meth)acrylate PSA derived from a monomer A comprising at least one monoethylenically unsaturated alkyl (meth) acrylate monomer, wherein the homopolymer of the monomer has no a Tg greater than about 〇t; and a monomer B comprising at least one monoethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable copolymerizable monomer, wherein the homopolymer of the monomer has a higher Tg than monomer A (eg, at least about 10) °C). As used herein, (meth)acrylic refers to acrylic and methacrylic materials and the like (e.g., (mercapto) acrylate). In some embodiments, the viscoelastic lightguide comprises a natural rubber-based pSA and a synthetic rubber-based PSA, a thermoplastic elastomer, a tackified thermoplastic epoxy derivative, a polyamine phthalic acid vinegar derivative, and a polyamine phthalic acid acrylate. Derivatives, polyoxo-oxygen PSA (for example, poly-organic oxalate, polydiorgano-organic poly-grain amine and polyoxymethylene urea block copolymer). In some embodiments, the 'viscoelastic lightguides include clarified acrylic pSAs, for example, those that can be obtained in the form of transfer tapes, such as VHBtm acrylic tapes from 3M Company 491〇1? or 4918 and 3mtm optically clear laminating adhesives ( 8140 and 8180 series). In some embodiments, the viscoelastic lightguide comprises a block copolymer dispersed in an adhesive matrix to form a Lewis acid-base pair. In some embodiments, the viscoelastic lightguide comprises a stretchable release that is removable from the substrate when stretched at or near zero degrees. 8A. In some embodiments, light guide 610 can include other coatings or a top film having a coating on outer surface 605. Additional coatings or films can be designed to impart any desired property to the surface of the light guide of 162607.doc -34 - 201245633. Examples of the coating layer include, for example, a hard coat layer, an anti-reflective coating layer, an antifouling coating layer, a matt coating layer, an anti-fog coating layer, a k layer mask coating layer, or a combination thereof. Provides enhanced durability coatings (such as hardcoats, anti-fog coatings, and scratch-resistant coatings for applications such as touch screen sensors, display screens, graphics applications, and the like. Examples of masking coatings) A blister film comprising, for example, a blurred or turbid coating that obscures the observation or a viewing angle is limited. In some cases, if a coating in the form of a film is provided, it is desirable to use an adhesive having a refractive index less than the refractive index of the light guide. The film is adhered to the surface 6〇5 of the light guide 61. Alternatively, the nanovoid layer may be disposed between the top surface of the light guide and the bottom of the other top film. As described above, an optical clearing adhesive may be used ( 0CA) adheres light guide 610 to variable index light immersion layer 630. In some embodiments, QC a includes a PSA that has about at least a portion of the visible spectrum (about 4 〇〇 nm to about 700 _) From 8% to about 1%, from about 9% to about 〇〇%, from about %% to about 100% or from about 98% to about 100%, and/or from about 0.01% to less than about 5%, about 01.01% to less than about 3% or about 〇〇1% to less than about 1% In some embodiments, the useful PSA includes those that are equal to those described in the Dalquist criteria range (eg, Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology' second edition, d. Satas editor, Van Nostrand Reinhold,

The PSA described in Mew York, 1989 may have a specific peel force or at least exhibit a peel force within a particular range. For example, 90 of PSA. The peel force can range from about 10 g/in to about 3000 gAn, from about 300 gAn to about 3000 gAn* 162607.doc -35 to 201245633 from about 500 g/in to about 3000 g/in. The peel force can be measured using a peel tester from IMASS. The OCA can have a refractive index in the range of from about 1.3 to about 2.6, from 1.4 to about 1.7, or from about 1 to 5 to about 1 &gt; The particular refractive index or range of refractive indices selected for OCA may depend on the overall design of the optical film comprising the lightguide and the variable index light extraction layer. In general, the refractive index of the 'OCA should be approximately equal to or greater than the refractive index of the light guide' and between the refractive indices of the first and second regions of the variable index light extraction layer 630. The PS A used as the OCA may include any of the materials described above for the viscoelastic light guide. Other exemplary oxime CAs as PSAs include tackified thermoplastic epoxy resins (as described in US 7,005,394 (Ylitalo et al.), polyamino phthalates (as described in US 3,718,712 (Tushaus)), polyamines. Formate acrylate (as described in US 2006/0216523 (Shusuke)). In some embodiments the 'adhesives include clarified acrylic PSAs, for example, those that can be obtained in the form of transfer tapes, such as VHBTM acrylic tapes 4910F and 4918 from 3M Company, 3MTM as set forth in WO 2004/0202879 Optically clear laminating adhesive (8140 and 8180 series) and 3MTM optical clear laminating adhesive (8171 CL and 8172 CL). Useful OCA is also described in US 201 1/0039099 (Sherman et al.). In some embodiments, OC A can include a PSA having a microstructured adhesive surface to permit air flushing after application to the surface of the light guide, as described, for example, in US 2007/0212535 (Sherman et al.). The adhesive may include a stretchable release PS A. If the stretch release PS A is stretched at or near zero angle, it can be removed from the substrate by 162607.doc -36 - 201245633 PSA. In some embodiments, the adhesive or stretch release PSA used in the optical tape has a shear storage modulus of less than about 10 MPa when measured at 1 rad/sec and -17 ° C, or when pulled at 1 Demeased in de/sec and -17 ° C from about 0.03 MPa to about 10 MPa ^ If disassembly, rework or recycling is desired, a stretch release PSA can be used. In some embodiments, the stretch release PSA may comprise a polyoxyl-based PSA, such as US 6,569,521 Bl (Sheridan et al.) or US Provisional Application No. 61/020423 (63934 US002, Sherman et al.) and 61. /03 6501 (64151118002, 〇6161 '111311 et al.). The polyoxyl-based PSA comprises a combination of an MQ tackifying resin and a polyoxyalkylene polymer. For example, the stretch release PSA may comprise an MQ tackifying resin and an elastomeric polyoxyloxy polymer selected from the group consisting of urea-based polyoxyalkylene copolymers, grassy amine-based polyoxyloxy copolymers. , a guanamine-based polyoxyloxy copolymer, a urethane-based polyoxyloxy copolymer, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the stretch release PSA may comprise an acrylate based PSA as described in WO 2010/078346 (Yamanaka et al.) and WO 2010/077541 (Tran et al.). The acrylate-based PSAs comprise a combination of acrylates, inorganic particles, and crosslinkers. The PSAs can be single or multiple layers. In some embodiments, the adhesive layer can comprise a cured reaction product of a polyfunctional ethylenically unsaturated alkoxylate polymer with one or more vinyl monomers, such as US 7,862,898 (Sherman et al.) and US 7,892,649 (Sherman et al. Said). 162607.doc -37- 201245633 In some embodiments 'self-wetting adhesives can be beneficially used when placing illumination device 600 on a reflective scattering element, such as W〇2010/132176 (Sherman et al.) and WO 2009. /085662 (Sherman et al.). Exemplary PSAs include polymers derived from oligomers and/or monomers comprising polyether segments, wherein from 35 to 85% by weight of the polymer comprises segments. Such adhesives are described in US 2007/0082969 Al (Malik et al.). Further consistent PSAs include reaction products of free-radical polymerizable urethane-based or urea-based oligomers with free-radically polymerizable oxyalkylene-based segmented copolymers; Temporary application 6i/4i〇5i〇 (Tapio et al; agency file number: 67015US002). The PSA may optionally contain _ or a plurality of additives such as nano granules, plasticizers, bond transfer agents, starters, antioxidants, stabilizers, viscosity improvers, and antistatic agents. In the case of the page, the β π-extension is placed on the variable-refractive-index light extraction to minimize the penetration of contaminants in the variable-refractive-index layer. For example, a sealing layer may be disposed on the variable refractive index light absorbing layer so as to be positioned between the variable refractive index light absorbing layer and the adhesive layer. For the other one, 'the sealing layer can be disposed on the variable refractive index bonding layer between the variable refractive index light extraction layer and the light guide, and the refractive index of the sealing layer is specific to or greater than the refractive index of the light guide. . Suitable sealing layer comprises polymer and copolymer based on bupropion acid or propionate, stupid ethylene: sensitive (four) Μ polymer 埶 plastic 榭μα rich c-ene isodecene type soldier penetrates into the nano-void - <Low knife can be used for thousands of miles.皇 162 607.doc •38· 201245633 The sealing layer polymer can be a heat activated adhesive polymer (including acrylic 'acrylic acid - vinyl acetate, copolymer, block copolymer, EVA copolymer, polyamine, Polyester, Polyethylene Polymers and Copolymers, Polyisobutylene, Polypropylene Polymers and Copolymers, Polyurethane Polymers and Copolymers) and Other Polymers (including Surlyn Plastics, Vinyl Acetate and Polydifluorocarbons) A vinylene polymer, an alloy thereof, a copolymer, and a derivative having an acid salt group). The materials may be laminated using direct film lamination, applied by melt coating or coated from an aqueous or solvent emulsion or dispersion of the polymer by any suitable coating method. Two examples of suitable polymeric dispersions for use as the sealing layer are NEOCRYL A-614 and NEOPAC R-9699 (available from DSM 6401 JH Heerlen, The Netherlands). The light source is optically coupled to the light guide such that at least some of the light from the light source can enter the light guide. For example, a light source can be optically coupled to the light guide such that greater than 1%, greater than 1%, greater than 2%, greater than 3%, greater than 40%, greater than 50%, greater than 90%, or approximately less than the light emitted by the light source 100% enters the light guide. For another example, the light source can be optically coupled to the light guide such that from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 2%, from about 1% to about 3%, about 1% of the light emitted by the light source Up to about 40%, from about 1% to about 50%, from about 1% to about 1%, from about 1% to about 100%, from about 50% to about 1.0% or from about 1% to about 1% Enter the light guide. The light source can emit light having a random or specific angular distribution. The light source can include any suitable light source. Exemplary sources include linear sources such as cold cathode fluorescent lamps and point sources such as light emitting diodes (LEd). Exemplary light sources also include organic light-emitting devices (QLEDs), incandescent light bulbs, acne lamps, UV bulbs, infrared sources, near-infrared sources, lasers, 162607.doc -39· 201245633 or chemical sources. In general, light emitted by a light source can be visible or invisible. At least one light source can be used. For example, from 1 to about 10,000 light sources can be used. The light source can include a column of LEDs located near the edge of the light guide or near the edge of the light guide. The light source can include a led disposed in the circuit to illuminate a desired area of the light guide continuously or uniformly from the light emitted by the LED. The light source can include LEDs that emit different colors of light so that the various colors can be mixed within the light guide. "LED" means a diode that emits light (whether visible, ultraviolet or infrared). It comprises a non-coherently sealed or encapsulated semiconductor device sold as "LED", either in conventional or super-radiative form. If the LED emits non-visible light (eg, ultraviolet light), and in some cases, if it emits visible light, it is packaged to contain scales (or it can illuminate a remotely disposed light-emitting body) to convert short-wavelength light It is a longer wavelength visible light, and in some cases a device that emits white light. "LED dies" are LEDs in their most basic form (i.e., in the form of individual components or wafers made by semiconductor processing procedures). The component or wafer may contain electrical contacts suitable for power applications to energize the device. Individual layers and other functional components of the component or wafer are typically formed at the wafer level and the finished wafer can then be diced into individual parts to obtain a large number of [ED grains. Multicolor shirt sources (whether or not used to produce white light) can take a variety of forms in the light assembly, which have different effects on the color and brightness uniformity of the light output area or surface. In one mode, a plurality of LED dies (eg, dies = red, green, and blue dies) are all mounted next to each other on a lead frame or a substrate, and then encapsulated in a single-capsule The sealant material may also comprise a single lens assembly in the form of a package. This source can be controlled by 162607.doc 201245633 to emit any of the individual colors or to simultaneously emit all colors. In another approach, the individually packaged LEDs (where each package has only one LED die and one emission color) can be clustered together for a given recirculation cavity, the cluster containing different colors for emission A combination of packaged LEDs (eg blue/yellow, red/green/blue, red/green/blue/white or red/green/blue/moon/yellow). Amber LEDs are also available. In still another mode, the individually packaged multi-colors can be positioned in one or more line patterns, arrays, or other patterns. If desired, other visible light emitters (e.g., linear cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) or hot cathode fluorescent lamps (HCFLs)) may be used in place of or in conjunction with the discrete LED sources as illumination sources for the disclosed backlights. Further, for example, a hybrid system 'Example &amp;, (CCFL/LED), which includes cool white light and warm white light 'CCFL/HCFL', for example, which emit different spectra, may be used. The combination of light emitters can vary widely and includes LEDs and CCFL&amp;a plurality of light emitters, such as multiple CCFLs, multiple different color CCFLs, and LEDs and CCFLs. The light source can also include a laser, a laser diode, a plasma source, or an organic light emitting diode (alone or in combination with other types of sources (eg, LEDs)). For example, in some applications, it may be desirable to use different light sources (eg, long cylindrical CCFLs) or use linear surface emission that emits light along its length and fits into a remote active component (eg, an LED die or a light bulb) The light guide replaces the discrete source columns and takes a similar approach to the other column sources. Examples of such linear surface-emitting light guides are disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,845, 〇38 (1^1^^ et al.) and 6,367,941 (Lea et al.), which are also known as fiber-coupled laser diodes and Other semiconductor emitters, and in these cases, the output end of the fiber optic wave I62607.doc 4] 201245633 can be considered as a light source 'this is placed in the disclosed recirculation cavity or otherwise located in the output area of the backlight Later, Other passive optical components with small emitters (such as lenses, deflectors, narrow light guides, and the like that are emitted from active components (such as light bulbs or LED dies)) are also the same. An example of such a passive component is a lens of a molded encapsulant or a side emissive package LED. Any suitable side-emitting type led can be used for one or more light sources, for example, LuxeonTM LEDs (available from Lumileds, San Jose, CA) or as described, for example, in US 7,525,126 (Leatherdale et al.) and US 2007/0257270 LED in (Lu et al.). Light entering the light guide may be collimated such that it is incident on the interface between the light guide and another medium at an angle of less than 5 degrees, less than 4 degrees, less than 30 degrees, less than 20 degrees, or less than 1 degree, wherein incidence The horn is measured for the vertical surface of the light guide injection interface. There are many ways to produce collimated light, including but not limited to.1. providing an LED source or source with a highly collimating lens; 2 providing an LED source or source disposed inside the reflective wedge, wherein the wedge has less than 20 degrees, less than An internal angle of 15 degrees or less; 3 provides a led light source or source in which the LED light sources are disposed at a focal point close to a composite parabolic receiver designed to align the light to a desired injection angle; Providing an LED source or source that emits light perpendicular to the plane of the light guide and that is incident on a semi-parabolic mirror that is designed to collimate light incident into the light guide; and 5. provides for emitting light on the surface of the light guide A led light source or source, wherein the light guide has a surface relief structure to allow only light at a supercritical angle to enter the light guide. The method for preparing a variable-refractive-index optical enthalpy, &amp; 兀* sub-layering includes: providing a nano-voided polymeric layer having a first fold of 162607.doc • 42·201245633 = and printing other materials (four) nanometers The voids are concentrated such that other materials substantially penetrate into the nanovoided polymeric layer, thereby forming a first region (including a portion of the nanovoided polymeric layer) and a further portion comprising the nanovoided polymeric layer and other materials) a variable index light extraction layer; and a, a first and a first region are arranged such that for light transmitted at a supercritical angle in the neighborhood layer, the variable index light extraction layer is based on the first and second regions The geometric configuration selectively captures the light in a predetermined manner. Printing can include non-impact printing or impact printing as well as digital or analog printing. J and. Other materials (also known as other materials or other materials) may be printed on the nanovoided polymeric layer using flexographic printing, wherein a gravure roll having pits filled with other materials transfers the material to have a desired shape configuration. The flexographic version of the stamp is light. Passing a layer of nanovoided polymeric material through a stamp and contacting the stamp, the stamp effectively imprinting or printing a web having other materials, thereby transferring other materials from the pattern of the flexographic roll to the surface of the nanovoided layer on. The other material then penetrates into the nanovoided layer, which in some cases penetrates the entire thickness of the nanovoided layer. In most cases, the material is hardened by curing (for example, curing using uv light shot). The process can be in a batch printing process or a continuous roll-to-roll process in which a continuous web comprising a nanovoided polymeric layer is passed through a flexographic roll, which results in a repeating pattern or a continuous pattern of other materials printed on the nanovoided layer. Implementation. Printing may also include other processes including, but not limited to, rotary gravure printing, screen printing, inkjet printing (available using aqueous, solvent or solid inks), relief printing, lithography, thermal transfer using a heat sensitive substrate 162607 .doc •43· 201245633 Method, thermal dye transfer and dye sublimation printing, dot matrix printing and printing using the daisy wheel. In general, reflective scattering element 650 can comprise a variety of materials, assemblies, and/or devices. In general, reflective scattering element 650 is designed to receive light reflected from variable index light extraction layer 630 and reflect it back through the capture layer and through outer surface 605 of light guide 610. Reflective scattering element 650 can be selected to emit a desired light distribution through outer surface 605 of light guide 610. In some cases, reflective scattering element 650 is selected such that light incident on reflective scatter element 65 0 is converted to a substantially lambertian zone source. In general, if the element exhibits a diffuse or semi-mirror reflection, it is considered a reflective scattering element. The diffuse reflection is the surface light reflection as follows: the incident light is reflected at many angles and is reflected at only one angle as in the case of specular reflection. The ideal diffuse surface of illumination has equal brightness (Lambertian reflection) in all directions in the hemisphere surrounding the surface. The half mirror reflection is the surface light reflection: the incident light is reflected at multiple angles and is reflected at only one angle as in the case of a specular reflector. In many cases the 'half-mirror reflector has predominantly forward scattering' where the reflected light is spread around the specular reflection angle, with at least 5% of the reflected light outside of 2 degrees centered at the specular angle. In some cases, greater than about 50% of the light incident from any angle is reflected outside of the 2 degree cone centered at the angle of incidence. Materials suitable for reflective scattering element 650 include diffuse and semi-mirror reflective materials and surfaces. Reflective scattering elements as defined herein have diffuse or half mirror reflections. For diffusely reflective materials, the single-incident ray with incident angle is reflected at many angles rather than specularly reflected at only one angle of 162607.doc • 44· 201245633. The ideal diffuse surface of illumination has equal brightness (Lambertian reflection) in all directions in the hemisphere surrounding the surface. Typically, diffusely reflective materials reflect light so that the light scatters in both forward and reverse directions (backscattering means directing light back to where it came from). A semi-mirror reflective material is a material that provides a degree of reflection, but for a single incident ray, the reflected light of the light is reflected over a narrow range of angles. Typically, light reflected from the semi-mirror reflective material is forward directed and a small portion of the light is retroreflected to its direction of incidence. In some instances of the invention described herein, reflective scattering element 650 provides diffuse reflection of light delivered from the light guide such that greater than 10% of the reflected light is outside of the range of angles defined by the angular extent of the incident light. Suitable reflective scattering elements comprise any scattering material, for example, stucco, white paper, fibrous materials (such as nonwoven fibrous mats and cloth), inorganic filled white reflective polymers (inorganic particle filled polymers such as polyester) , polyolefins and the like, ceramic materials, crystalline surfaces (such as marble, natural quartz or stones) and voided polymeric materials (eg, they are phase separated (eg solvent induced phase separation and thermally induced phase separation)) Winner). Any void polymeric material can be suitable as the reflective scattering element. In some additions, the reflective scattering elements include graphics such as symbols, markers or pictures. Examples of half mirrored reflective scattering materials include a rough reflective metal surface, a structured specular reflective surface, and a specular reflective surface with a diffuse coating on the specularly reflective surface (eg, an enhanced specular reflector (eg, VikuitiTM ESR from 3M Corporation) ), which comprises a multilayer optical film having a diffuse coating on its surface). Some examples include brushed aluminum and chrome, by embossing, "hammering", physical or chemical etching, or any other method of imparting surface roughness. 162607.doc 45· 201245633 Modified gold surface. Alternatively, a diffuse coating can be applied to the specular reflector or placed as a freestanding component. A film having a surface structure or roughness can be placed on the mirror material or laminated to the mirror material. Reflection ^

The firing element can take the form of an ink, paint or coating. The printed pattern obtained by a method such as digital I brush, silk screen printing or the like is a reflective scattering element. The brushed walls reflect the scattering elements. In some cases, the reflective scattering element comprises a reflective display, such as rpront-Lit Reflective Display Device and Method 〇f Front-Lighting Reflective Dispiay (agent file number: 66858US002) (which is proposed in the same period as this article) Said in the application). As described above, the light guide 610 and the reflective scattering element 65 are optically coupled to the top and bottom surfaces 625 and 635 of the variable refractive index light extraction layer, respectively. In many cases, this optical coupling means that there is no air gap between the variable index light extraction layer 63, the light guide 610, and the reflective scattering element 65. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an example illumination assembly that includes a combination of a variable light extraction layer and a reflective scattering element. In this embodiment, the variable index light extraction layer 73 is made on a transparent substrate 740 incorporated into the illumination assembly. Surface 725 of variable index light extraction layer 730 is optically coupled to light guide 710, and bottom side 742 of transparent substrate 740 is optically coupled to reflective scattering % member 750. Suitable transparent substrates are as described above. In many cases, the optical coupling between the variable index light extraction layer 730 and the light guide 710 and the reflective scattering element 750 means that there is no air gap between the layer surfaces (ie, there is no air gap between the surfaces 715 and 725 and There is no air gap between surfaces 742 and 745). The surface 742 of the transparent substrate 74 can be adhered to the surface 745 of the reflective scattering element 750 using either means (e.g., by using an optically clear pressure sensitive adhesive by 162607.doc • 46-201245633). The transparent substrate 74 can have a degree of twist and provide some light scattering as long as the scattered light is predominantly in the forward direction toward the reflective scattering element 750. Figures 8, 9, l〇a-i〇d and π show schematic cross-sectional views of an exemplary illumination assembly including a variable index optical pickup layer optically coupled to a light guide and a reflective scattering element. Figure 8 shows an illumination assembly 8A in which a variable index light extraction layer 830 is formed directly on the surface of the reflective scattering element 85. The light guide 810 is adhered directly to the variable light extraction layer 830 by means of an optical clearing adhesive 84 (which may be pSA). The adhesive layer 840 preferentially has a low degree of tweeting, the same learning clarity, and a light transmittance. Figure 9 shows an illumination assembly 900 in which a variable index light extraction layer 9 3 is formed on the surface of the light guide 910. The reflective scattering element 95 is attached to the variable index light immersion layer 930 by means of an optically clear adhesive 940, which may be a PSA. The adhesive layer 940 can have low twist, high optical clarity, and high light transmittance. Alternatively, the adhesive layer 940 may have a degree of twist and provide some light scattering as long as the scattered light is predominantly in the forward direction toward the reflective scattering element layer 95. Figure 10a shows the illumination assembly 1 〇 〇 ’ ' where the variable index light absorbing layer 1030 is disposed on the transparent substrate 1040. The variable index light extraction layer 1 is adhered to the light guide 1010 by the adhesive layer 1070. The adhesive layer 1 〇 7 〇 has a low degree of susceptibility, high optical clarity, and high light transmittance for one or more wavelengths of light propagating in the light guide. The transparent substrate 1040 on which the variable refractive index etch layer is disposed is adhered to the reflective scatter element 162607.doc -47 · 201245633 layer 1050 by the adhesive layer 1 060. Adhesive layer 1060 can have low twist, high optical clarity, and high light transmission. Alternatively, the adhesive layer 1060 can have a degree of twist and provide some light scattering as long as the scattered light is predominantly in the forward direction toward the reflective scattering element layer 1050. Figure 1 Ob shows an illumination assembly 1 〇 8 〇 in which the orientation of the variable index light absorbing layer 1030 disposed on the transparent substrate 1 〇 4 相比 is compared to the illumination assembly 1000 shown in Fig. 1 〇a. An inversion occurred. The variable refractive index light extraction layer 1 〇 3 黏 can be adhered to the reflective scattering element layer 1050 by the adhesive layer 1060 , and the adhesive layer 1060 can have low twist, high optical clarity and high light transmittance, or It has a certain degree of twist and can provide some light scattering as long as the scattered light is mainly in the forward direction toward the reflective scattering element layer 1 050. The transparent substrate 1 on which the variable refractive index light extraction layer is disposed is bonded to the light guide 1010 by the adhesive layer 丨〇7〇. For one or more wavelengths of light propagating in the light guide, the adhesive layer 1070 preferably has low twist, high optical clarity, and transmittance. Figure 1A shows an illumination assembly 1090 similar to the illumination assembly 1000 shown in Figure 10a, except that the assembly 1090 includes a sealing layer 1 disposed between the variable index extraction layer 1030 and the adhesive layer 1070. 〇95. FIG. 1D shows an illumination assembly 1096 similar to the illumination assembly 1 〇 8 展示 shown in FIG. 1 Ob, except that the assembly 1096 includes a variable index light extraction layer 丨〇 3 〇 and an adhesive layer 1060. The sealing layer between the layers is 1〇95. The sealing layer can be used to minimize contamination of the variable index light extraction layer as described above. Suitable materials for use as the sealing layer are as described above. In general, for the illumination assembly shown in Figures 10a-10d, 162607.doc -48- 201245633 the refractive index of the adhesive layer 1070 of the adjacent optical guide uno should be approximately equal to or greater than the refractive index of the light guide ^ Figure 1 Qet The refractive index of the sealing layer 1G95 should also have a refractive index approximately equal to or greater than that of the light guide. In general, the refractive index of any of the layers disposed between the variable refractive index extraction layer and the light guide should be approximately equal to or greater than the refractive index of the light guide. Similarly, in general, the refractive index of the second region of the variable refractive index light absorbing layer should be approximately equal to or greater than the refractive index of the light guide, and the refractive index of the first region should be less than the refractive index of the light guide. Figure η shows an illumination assembly 1100 comprising a light guide 1110' optically coupled to a variable index light absorbing layer 1130 and the other layer 119G being disposed between the variable index light extraction layer and the reflective scattering element 115A so that The variable refractive index light absorbing layer is optically coupled to the reflective scattering element. Other layers may include, for example, the following materials: UV absorbers, osmium (four), dyes, down conversion materials (e.g., troglomeres), nanophosphors, quantum dots, or optical brighteners. In general, any layer disposed between the variable refractive index filament layer and the reflective scattering element can have low twist, high optical clarity, and high light transmittance, or it can have a certain degree of twist and A certain amount of light scattering can be provided as long as the scattered light is mainly in the forward direction toward the reflective scattering element. Typically, any of the layers between the 3 m variable index optical pickup layer and the reflective scattering elements may comprise the materials described above for the other layers. In general, any layer between the variable refractive index light extraction layer and the reflective scattering element may include other materials such as uv absorbers, uv stabilizers, dyes, down conversion materials (eg, Raoguang), nano phosphorescence. Body, quantum dots or optical brighteners. Reflective scattering elements can also include other materials such as uv absorbers, 162607.doc • 49· 201245633 uv stabilizers, dyes, down conversion materials (such as fluorophores), nanophosphor, quantum dots or optical brighteners. 12 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary optical film including a variable index light extraction layer. The optical film 1200 includes a variable index light extraction layer 123 disposed on a transparent substrate 124 ( (1) first optically clear adhesion The agent layer 127 is disposed on the variable index light extraction layer 1230 and opposite to the transparent substrate, and the first release liner 1275 is disposed on the layer 1270 opposite to the layer 123. The second optically clear adhesive layer 1260 is disposed on The transparent substrate 124 is on the upper side and opposite to the variable index light extraction layer 123A, and the second release liner 1265 is disposed on the layer 126A and opposite to the transparent substrate 1240. The optical film 12 can be combined with the light guide and the reflection scattering Component layers are used together for manufacturing general lighting applications (eg work lighting, interior lighting, cabinet lighting and automotive interior lighting) or for backlighting applications (eg for mobile handheld computer monitors and notebook and TV and digital signage applications) Backlighting of liquid crystal displays, any other type of transmissive transparent display, and graphics made by any means (eg, by any printing method) Graphical backlighting, or can be used as a headlight with reflective display devices and graphics to create a front-illuminated reflective display device or graphic. The release liner typically has a low adhesion surface for contact with the adhesive layer. The first and/or second release liner may comprise paper (eg, kraft paper) or a polymeric film (eg, poly(ethylene), polyester, polyolefin), cellulose acetate, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethane And the like. The release liner may be coated with a layer of a release agent, such as a material containing a polyoxygen or a material containing a fluorocarbon. The release liner may comprise a polyethylene (which is a material containing polyfluorene oxide 162607. Doc -50· 201245633 coated) coated paper or polymeric film. The example release liner comprises a liner available from CP Films under the trademarks "τ_ 3〇" and Τ-10", which has a polyphenylene terephthalate An aggregate release coating on a bismuth citrate film. An exemplary release liner package 3 structured release liner. An exemplary release liner comprises any of these referred to as a microstructured release liner. 'The microstructures The release liner is used to impart a surface microstructure to the adhesive layer. The microstructured surface can facilitate air venting between the adhesive layer and the surface on which the adhesive layer is applied. Figure 13a shows an exemplary optical film and illumination article. A cross-sectional view of the illumination article includes a variable index optical pickup layer optically coupled to the light guide. The optical film 1300 includes an illumination object 13〇1 and a release liner 1375. The illumination object 1301 includes a light guide disposed on the transparent substrate 134〇 And a protective outer layer 1330 disposed on the light guide and opposite to the transparent substrate. The opposite side of the transparent substrate 丨34〇 is optically coupled to the light guide 1310. The variable index light extraction layer 135 is disposed on the transparent substrate 1340 and opposite to the light guide, and The adhesive layer 1〇7〇 is disposed on the variable index light extraction layer and opposed to the transparent substrate. In this embodiment, the light guide 1310 preferably includes a ^ optional sealing layer 1360 as described above disposed between the variable index light extraction layer 135 〇 and the adhesive layer 丨 37 。. A release liner 1375 is disposed on the outer surface of the adhesive layer 137. Exemplary sealing layers and release liners are as described above. Illuminating article 1301 can have a twist value of less than about 10%, an optical clarity of greater than about 85%, and a light transmittance of greater than about 90%. In some cases, the illuminated article 1301 can have a twist value of less than about 7%, an optical/monthly clarity of greater than about 9%, and a light transmission of greater than about 92%. The Haze_Gard pius oximeter (available from ΒΥΚ-Gardiner) can be used to measure optical transmittance, clarity 162607.doc •51 · 201245633 and temperature. Figure 13b shows a schematic diagram of an exemplary illumination device 139 that includes the illumination object shown in Figure i3a in combination with a light source and a reflective scatter element. The release liner is removed from the illumination article 1301 and the article is then applied to the reflective scattering element 1380. For any of the above-described illuminating objects or devices, the structure of the article or device need not be a flat or planar structure as shown in the figure. The structure of the article or device may be curved, at most and include a curved tube shape. And illuminating from the end 'and where the light is emitted radially outward (eg CCFL light source). Another option is that the structure of the article or device allows the light to be shaped into a 1 D tunnel. In general, the structure of objects and devices can be curved (including complex curvature) and can be applied to curved displays and general lighting and decorative lighting. Example Use the following materials as received. Component % solids (g) Α-174 cerium oxide, Naic 〇 2327, Ondeo Nalco Chemical Company 43.40 482.84 Aliphatic amino phthalic acid acrylic acid, available from Sartomer Corporation in the form of CN 9893 100.00 42.67 Pentaerythritol triacrylic acid S, 100.00 167.69 isopropanol available from Sartomer as SR 444, 250.03 acetic acid from Sartomer, 250.03 photoinitiator from Sigma Aldrich 100.00 5.84 photoinitiator can be obtained from BASF in the form of IRGACURE 184, available from BASF in the form of IRGACURE 819. 100.00 1.12 Example 1 Preparation of the coating formulation 162607.doc •52· 201245633 According to the above table Amount 'Add the following to a 1 liter wide-mouth amber bottle: 5.70 g CN 9893, 22.40 g SR 444, 5.84 g IRGACURE 184 and 1,12 g IRGACURE 819. The bottle was capped and shaken for 2 hours to dissolve CN9893 (batch clarified). This solution is called a resin premix. The following materials were added to a 2000 mL p〇ly bottle: 482.84 g of A-174 treated NALC0 2327 and a resin premix. The two components were mixed by transferring the batch back and forth between the two bottles. The batch was eventually left in a 2000 mL bottle. Add IRGACURE 184 and IRGACURE 819 to a 2000 mL bottle. The solution was shaken for 30 minutes to dissolve the photoinitiator. The batch obtained was a translucent, low viscosity dispersion. The above batch was diluted to about 177 wt% solids using a 50/50 blend of ethyl acetate and propylene glycol decyl ether (available from Dow Chemical as DO WANOL PM). Preparation of nanovoided polymeric layer The above coating formulation was applied to a 50 um PET film (MELINEX 617, available from DuPont) using a slot die at a line speed of 3 1 m/min. The wet coating finish is about 14 u m. In an inert chamber (&lt; 50 ppm Ο 2), UV radiation at 395 nm and 850 mJ/cm2 (with UV radiation available from Cree) at the same line speed will be used. The wet coating partially cures in-line. The partially cured coating sample was then dried in a 9 m oven at 7 ° C and finally a 236 W/cm 2 Fusion Η bulb (available from Fusi〇n UV Systems) under a nitrogen purge atmosphere. Curing is carried out. The resulting nanovoided polymeric layer has a thickness of about 25 um. The light transmittance was 162607.doc -53 - 201245633 was 94.8%, the twist was 0.66% and the sharpness was 99.9%, as measured using BYK Gardner Haze Gard Plus (Columbia, MD). The refractive index of the nanovoided layer is between 1.20 and 1.22' as measured using a Metricon(R) (Metricon, Pennington, NJ). Formation of variable refractive index light extraction layer

The nanovoided polymeric layer was printed using an indirect gravure process using UV curable clear ink (UV OP1005 GP Varnish, from Nazdar, Shawnee, KS). A flexographic tool (Southern Graphics Systems, Brooklyn Park, MN) having a gradient pattern of 2 um wide lines was fabricated based on a pdf image defining the gradient line pattern (as determined by optical modeling and ray tracing). The rate of the gravure roll (taper and 9 um3/um2) was determined to give a wet coating of about 9 · 65 um. Printing was performed at 1 mil/min and high intensity uv curing was performed using a 236 Watt/cm2 Fusion Η bulb (available from Fusion UV Systems) under nitrogen purge after printing. The resulting printed layer comprises an optical film having a first index having a first index of refraction and comprising a nanovoided polymeric material; and a second region wherein the nanovoid is filled or partially filled with a cured clear ink, the second The region has a second index of refraction that is greater than the first region. A variable refractive index light extraction layer having first and second regions was disposed on a DuPont 617 PET substrate. The optical properties of the variable index optical pickup layer on pET were measured on both sides (the second high refractive index region with low density on one side and the high refractive index region on one side) using BYK Gardner Haze Gard Plus nature. For the low density side, the light transmittance is 94_9. /〇, the twist is 2.88%, and the resolution is 99.2%. For the still density side, the light transmittance is 94.4%, the twist is 5.09%, and the resolution is 162607.doc -54 - 201245633 is 97.6% (> main, 3⁄4. not for Philippine) Presnei refiecti〇n) to correct the light transmittance). The cured ink was measured to have a refractive index of about 525, as measured on a flat cured sample using a Metricon(R) coupler (the wavelength of light used to measure the refractive index was 589 nm). Front light-reflecting display device A light guide comprising a PSA layer (VHB acrylic tape 4918 from 3M Company) having an area of 90 mm x 20 mm and a thickness of 2 mm was obtained. A transparent protective layer of 50 um PET film was placed on one of the major surfaces of the light guide. The PET substrate on which the variable index light extraction layer is disposed is directly adhered to the opposite major surfaces of the light guide. The exposed face of the variable light absorbing layer was combined with a pressure sensitive adhesive (S0KEN 2147, available from Soken Chemical and Engineering Co., Ltd., Japan) to serve as a sealing layer. Use a self-wetting adhesive to attach the assembly (protection side up) to the electrophoresis e-book (Kindle,

On the viewing panel of Amazon) (see pct US 2010/031689 and WO 2009/085662) 〇 The light engine assembly is obtained and consists of 20 edge-emitting white LEDs (NSSW230T ' from Nichia) mounted in the bezel. Two reflectors including a multilayer polymeric mirror (VikuitiTM ESR from 3M Company) are also included in the aperture to form an optical wedge to collimate the light emitted from the LED. Create about ίο in the spotlight. A slight angle to provide optical alignment. Light from the LED engine is designed to be emitted into the air gap region to inject light at the supercritical angle along the left side of the vertical axis of the display into the edge of the light guide. This produces a light-reflecting display device in which the headlight assembly does not adversely affect the image on the display when viewed through a light guide assembly having a variable index light extraction layer ( That is, there is less image distortion, even without distortion. The LED of the lighting device is turned on, thereby generating a reflection bribe-strong β. The uniform illumination of the device (ie, the reflective display panel, as seen in Figure 14a). Comparative Example 1 A light-reflecting display device was assembled without a variable-refractive-index light-harvesting layer. The front light-reflecting display device was assembled as described above for the example, except that the variable refractive index light on the PET support member was not taken. Floor. The PSA light guide is adhered to the viewing panel of the e-book using a self-wetting adhesive. A self-wetting adhesive is used to facilitate reprocessing of the assembly when the light guide is removed from the e-book thereafter. Figure 14b shows the image of the front lighter and is immediately apparent, with poor brightness uniformity on the display. Example 2 Preparation of Coating Formulations According to the amounts shown in the above table, the following materials were added to the swelled wide-mouth amber bottle: 5.70 g CN 9893, 22.40 g SR 444 ' 5 84 g IRGACURE 184 and 1.12 g IRGACURE 819. The view was covered and incubated for 2 hours to dissolve CN9893 (batch clarified). This solution is called a resin premix.

The following materials were added to a 2000 mL poly bottle: 482 84 g of NALCO 2327 treated with eight _174 and a resin premix. Mix the two components by transferring the batch between the two bottles. "The final batch is present in 2 〇〇〇 mL.

In the bottle. Add irgacure 184 and IRGACURE 819 to the 2000 mL bottle. The solution was shaken for 30 minutes to dissolve the photoinitiator. The resulting batch was a translucent, low viscosity dispersion. 162607.doc -56 - 201245633 The above batch was diluted to about 17.7% by weight solids using a 50/5 0 blend of ethyl acetate and propylene glycol decyl ether (available from Dow Chemical as DOWANOL PM). Preparation of nanovoided polymeric layer The above coating formulation was applied to a 50 um PET film (MELINEX 617, available from DuPont) using a slot die at a line speed of 3 · 1 m/min. The wet coating thickness is approximately 8.1 um. In an inert chamber (&lt;50 ppm 02), the UV radiation is applied at the same line speed at 395 nm and at a dose of 850 mJ/cm2 (with UV radiation available from Cree to provide UV radiation). The layer is partially cured in-line. The partially cured coating samples were then dried in a 9 meter oven at 70 ° C and finally cured using a 236 W/cm 2 Fusion Η bulb (available from Fusion UV Systems) under a nitrogen purge atmosphere. The resulting nanovoided polymeric layer had a thickness of 1.3 um. The light transmission was 96.4% 霾 1.33% and the resolution was 99.7% as measured by byk gardner Haze Gard Plus (Columbia, MD). The refractive index of the nanovoided layer is between 1.20 and 1.22, as measured at 589 nm using a Metricon shuttle mirror combiner (Metricon, Pennington, NJ). Formation of variable refractive index light extraction layer

The nanovoided polymeric layer was printed using an indirect gravure process using UV curable clear ink (UV OP1005 GP Varnish from Nazdar, Shawnee, KS). Based on a pdf image defining a dot pattern measured by optical ray tracing modeling, a pattern having a random 1 〇〇um gradient dot is produced (at the left edge of the pattern, in the X direction (from left to right) has a Density of the two regions 162607.doc -5Ί- 201245633 Gradient and different density in the y direction 'as shown in (5)) Flexible version of the tool (Southern Graphies Syst_ Bu determined gravure stick (hybrid and 9 Um3 / Um2) Rate to obtain a wet coating of about 9.65 (10). Printing at 1 mil / min, and using a 236 Watt/cm2 Fusion η bulb (available from uv) after printing in a nitrogen purge atmosphere UV curing. The resulting printed layer comprises the following optical film: a first region 'having a first refractive index and comprising a nanovoided polymeric material; and a first-region 'nano void intercalated or partially filled with a cured clear ink, The second regions have a second index of refraction greater than the first region. The variable index light scooping layer having the first and second regions is disposed on a Dup〇nt 617 PET substrate and is shown in Figure 15b. Using ΒγκHaze

The Gard Plus measures the optical properties of the variable refractive index light wave layer on the pET on both sides (the second high refractive index region on one side and the refractive index region on the other side). For the low density side, the light transmittance was 96.6% and the twist was 3.56%. The resolution was 95.6 °/. . For the high-density side, the light transmittance is 95_8% '霾' is 6.82%, and the sharpness is 89.9% (note: the light transmittance is not corrected for Fresnel reflection). The refractive index of the cured ink was measured to be about 1.525 Å as measured on a flat cured sample using a Metricon(R) coupler (the wavelength of light used to measure the refractive index was 589 nm). Front light-reflecting display device A light guide comprising a PSA layer (VHB acrylic tape 49 1 8 from 3]\4 company) having an area of 90 mm x 20 mm and a thickness of 2 mm was obtained. A transparent protective layer of 50 um PET film was placed on one of the major surfaces of the light guide. The PET substrate on which the variable index light extraction layer is disposed is directly adhered to the opposite main surface of the light I62607.doc - 58 · 201245633. The exposed face of the variable light extraction layer was combined with a pressure sensitive adhesive (SOKEN 2147, available from Soken Chemical and Engineedng Co., Ltd., Japan) to serve as a sealing layer. Use a self-wetting adhesive to adhere the assembly (protecting the vine layer upwards) to the observation panel of the electrophoresis e-book (Kin£jie, Amazon) (see PCT uS 2010/〇3 1689 and w〇2009/085662) . A light engine assembly was fabricated and consisted of three edge-emitting white LEDs (NSSW230T from Nichia) mounted in a bezel. Two reflectors (VikuitiTM ESR from 3M Company) including a multilayer polymeric mirror film are also included in the bezel to form an optical wedge to align the light emitted from the LED. Establish approximately 1 在 in the spotlight. A slight angle to provide optical alignment. Light from the LED engine is designed to be launched into the air gap region to inject light at the supercritical angle along the horizontal top edge of the display to the edge of the light guide ten. This produces a front light-reflecting display device in which the headlight assembly does not adversely affect the image on the display when viewed under the turned-off headlight through the light guide assembly having the variable index light extraction layer (ie, having a comparison) Less image distortion, even no distortion), as seen in Figure 16a. The LEDs of the illumination device are turned on to produce uniform illumination of the reflective display device (i.e., the reflective display panel is visible in Figure 16b). Luminance uniformity was measured on a lighting device using a p-equip camera (available from Radiant Imaging, (four)). Figure W shows a plot of the image of the front lighter and the axial brightness as a function of position. The display is more than 75/〇 if measured using ((max_min)/maxxi〇〇%). Comparative Example 2: Light-reflecting display device without variable refractive index light before layer 162607.doc s • 59- 201245633 As before, the front light-reflecting display device was assembled as described in Example 2 except that it was not contained on the PET support member. A variable index light extraction layer. The PSA light guide is adhered to the viewing panel of the e-book using a self-wetting adhesive. (Using a self-wetting adhesive to facilitate reprocessing of the assembly when the light guide is removed from the e-book thereafter). Luminance uniformity was measured on a lighting fixture using a Prometric camera (available from Radiant Imaging, Redmond, WA). Figure 17b shows a plot of the image and axial brightness of the front lighter as a function of position. Immediately, the display is less uniform. The brightness uniformity is less than 5%, as measured using the formula ((max - min) / maxx 1 00%). Example 3 Preparation of Coating Formulations The following materials were added to a 1 liter wide-mouth amber bottle according to the amounts shown in the above table. 5.70 g CN 9893, 22.40 g SR 444, 5.84 g IRGACURE 184 and 1.12 g IRGACURE 819. The bottle was capped and shaken for 2 hours to dissolve CN9893 (batch clarified). This solution is called a resin premix.

The following materials were added to a 2000 mL poly bottle: 482.84 g of A-174 treated NALCO 2327 and resin premix. The two components were mixed by transferring the batch between the two bottles. The batch is finally stored in a 2000 mL bottle. Add IRGACURE 184 and IRGACURE 819 to the 2000 mL bottle. The solution was shaken for 30 minutes to dissolve the photoinitiator. The resulting batch was a translucent, low viscosity dispersion. The above batch was diluted to about 162607.doc - 60 · 201245633 17 _ 7 wt% solids using a 50/50 blend of ethyl acetate and propylene glycol methyl ether (available from Dow Chemical as DOWANOL PM). Preparation of nanovoided polymeric layer The above coating formulation was applied to a 50 um PET film (MELINEX 617, available from DuPont) using a slot die at a line speed of 3.1 m/min. The wet coating thickness is approximately 14 um. In the inert chamber (&lt;50 ppm 〇2), the UV ray is applied at the same line speed at 395 nm and 850 mJ/cm2 (with UV radiation from Cree to provide UV radiation). The layer is partially cured in-line. The partially cured coating samples were then dried in a 9 meter oven at 70 ° C and finally cured using a 236 watt / cm 2 Fusion Η bulb (available from Fusion UV Systems) under a nitrogen purge atmosphere. The resulting nanovoided polymeric layer had a thickness of 2.3 um. The light transmittance was 95_8 ° / 〇 ' twist of 2.49% and the sharpness was 99.9% as measured using an 8 丫 anti-Gardner Haze Gard Plus (Columbia, MD). The refractive index of the nanovoid layer is between 1.20 and 1.22, as measured at 589 nm using a Metricon(R) coupler (Metricon, Pennington, NJ). Formation of variable refractive index light extraction layer

The nanovoided polymeric layer was printed using an indirect gravure process using UV curable clear ink (UV OP1005 GP Varnish, from Nazdar, Shawnee, KS). A Southern Edition Systems tool with a random 1 〇〇 um gradient dot pattern was fabricated based on a pdf image defining the pattern of dots measured by optical ray tracing modeling. The rate of the gravure roll (taper and 9 um3/um2) was determined to give a wet coating of about 9.65 um. Printing at 1 mm/min' and using 236 I62607.doc *61 - 201245633 after printing in a nitrogen purge atmosphere

Watt/cm Fusion Η bulb (available from Fusi〇n uv from ❿ 公司) The printed layer obtained by intensive UV curing o comprises the following optical film: a first region having a first refractive index and including nano a voided polymeric material; and a second region, wherein the nanovoids are filled or partially filled with a solidified clear ink, the second regions having a second index of refraction greater than the first region. A variable index light extraction layer having first and second regions is disposed on the Dup〇nt 617 PET substrate. Measurement of the optical properties of the variable index optical pickup layer on PET using BYK Gardner Haze Gard Plus on both sides (a low density first south refractive index region on one side and a high density high refractive index region on one side) nature. For the low density side, the light transmittance was 96 2%, the twist was 5.64%, and the sharpness was 97.5%. For the high density side, the light transmittance is 95.8%, the twist is 9.18%, and the sharpness is 94.4°/. (Note: The ray is not corrected for fluorescing &lt;rear reflection). The cured ink was measured to have a refractive index of about 1.525 as measured on a flat cured sample using a Metricon(R) coupler (the wavelength of the light used to measure the refractive index was 589 nm). Example 4 Two different optical articles were assembled using each of the optical films from Example 1-3 (variable refractive index light immersion layer on pET) for the purpose of evaluating optical properties. Optical properties of the variable index light extraction layer having a sealing layer: The first optical article is formed by laminating a sealing layer on the exposed surface (the side opposite the PET substrate) of the variable refractive index light extraction layer. Sealing layer is a pressure sensitive adhesive (Soken 2147, available from Soken Chemical and

Engineering Co., Ltd.'s obtained in Japan. On the opposite side of the "Let (3)" eight seal layer I62607.doc -62· 201245633 on the opposite side of the dust layer 50 micron PET film. For each optical article using the variable index light extraction layer from Example 1_3, BYK Gardner Haze Gard Plus is used on both sides of the variable index light extraction layer (one side is low density second direction refraction) The rate region and the high-density high-refractive-index region on one side are measured to measure light transmittance, twist, and sharpness. The measurement results are shown in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Table 1. Optical properties of the region of the second region having a high density Example pattern transmittance % 霾 (%) Resolution (%) 1 1-D line y-gradient 91.0 1.84 98.1 2 2-D point x, y Gradient 92.0 3.35 92.1 3 2-D point y-gradient 91.9 6.96 95.7 Table 2. Optical properties of the region of the second region with low density Example pattern transmittance °/twist (%) Sharpness (%) 1 1 -D line y-gradient 91.0 1.99 99.2 2 2-D point x, y gradient 92.3 1.87 95.6 3 2-D point y-gradient 91.7 4.38 98.2 Optical properties of light guide assembly with variable index light extraction layer: by A viscoelastic lightguide is laminated to the exposed surface of the variable index light extraction layer (the side opposite the PET substrate) to form a second optical article. A viscoelastic photoconductive system with a thickness of 2 mm of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) (VHB acrylic tape 4918 from 3M Company). A transparent protective layer of 50 urn PET film was placed on the opposite major surface of the light guide. For each optical object using the variable 162607.doc -63· 201245633 refractive index capture layer from example i_3, use BYK Gardner

Haze Gard Plus measures light transmittance, twist and clarity on both sides of the variable-refractive-index light-extracting layer (one is a low-density second high-refractive-index region on one side and a high-density, high-refractive-index region on one side) degree. The measurement results are shown in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Table 5 shows the reference measurements for the pET film (Dup〇nt 617) used in the optical construction and the ps A light guide with PET laminated to both surfaces. Table 3. Optical properties of the region of the second region having a high density Example pattern transmittance % 霾 (%) Resolution (%) 1 1-D line y-gradient 90.3 1.91 98.5 2 2-D point x, y Gradient 91.0 3.76 ------- 91.6 3 2-D point y_gradient 90.6 6.80 95.8 Table 4. Optical properties of the region of the second region with low density Example pattern transmittance % ( (%) Sharpness (%\ 1 1-D line y-gradient 90.3 1.61 --" /〇J 99.0 2 2-D point x, y gradient 90.3 2.37 ----- 96.8 2-D point y-gradient 90.1 4.16 98.2 Table 5 · Reference measurement: Example round transmittance % + + (%) Reference 1 _PET film 92.8 0.67 Reference 2 PSA light guide with PET film on both sides 90.9 0.59 99.4 Team π ~ main content are clearly Incorporating the present disclosure, unless it is directly attained to the extent of the present disclosure, I62607.doc-64 - 201245633. Although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, those skilled in the art will appreciate that many can be used. The alternatives and/or equivalents are intended to be substituted for the specific embodiments shown and described, without departing from the scope of the disclosure. It is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the specific embodiments discussed herein. Therefore, the disclosure is intended to be limited only by the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof. The drawings form a part of the present disclosure and are intended to be illustrative of the various embodiments of the invention. The drawings are schematic and are not necessarily drawn to scale. Figure la shows a schematic cross section of an exemplary variable refractive index snap layer. Figure lb-lc shows an exemplary can be placed on a transparent adjacent layer. A schematic cross section of a variable refractive index light extraction layer. Figure 2 illustrates a variable refractive index light extraction layer having a refractive index that varies across the transverse plane of the layer. Figure 3 is a variable refractive index optical pickup layer The variable profile 4a of the exemplary geometrical configuration of the schematic cross-sectional area of the region shows the refractive index of the plan view of the first and first radiance light extraction layers. Figure 4b1 shows the representation in Figure 4a. The characteristic curve is not shown. The variable refractive index light extraction layers are shown in Figures 4c and 4d, respectively, showing the selection of the variable light absorbing layer shown in Figure 4a. 162607.doc • 65· 201245633 Optical Properties Transmittance. And a definition curve of % clarity. Figures 5a and 5b show plan views of a variable index light extraction layer showing exemplary geometric configurations of the first and second regions. 6 shows a schematic diagram of a conventional illumination device that includes a variable index light extraction layer in combination with a light source and a reflective scattering element. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an example illumination assembly that includes a combination of a variable light extraction layer and a reflective scattering element. Figures 8, 9, l〇a-l〇d and 11 show schematic cross-sectional views of an exemplary illumination assembly including a variable index optical pickup layer optically coupled to a light guide and a reflective scattering element. Figure 12 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary optical film comprising a variable index light absorbing layer. Figure 13a shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an exemplary optical film and illuminating article. The illuminating article includes a variable index light absorbing layer that is fused with a light guide. Figure 13b shows a schematic of an exemplary illuminating device. The combination includes the illumination object shown in Figure Ua and a combination of light source and reflective scatter element. Figures... and 14b respectively show a reflective display device having a headlight with and without a variable fold; rate capture layer. Figure 15a shows a random gradient dot pattern of an example flexographic tool. Figure W shows a roll of an optical film. The optical film comprises a variable index light extraction layer disposed on a transparent crucible. W shows a reflective display device with a headlight and a variable refractive index 四 (4) 162607.doc • 66· 201245633, in which the lamp is turned off and on. Figure 1 : 7a and Pb respectively show the Pr〇metric image of the reflective display device and the corresponding map of the axial brightness as a function of position, the lines, the reflected light and with and without the variable refractive index capture layer.刖 刖 【 主要 主要 主要 主要 主要 主要 主要 主要 主要 主要 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 300 First Zone 310 Adhesive 320 Nanopore 320A Interconnected Nanovoids 320B Interconnected Nanovoids 320C Interconnected Nanovoids 320D Surface Porosity 320E Surface Porosity 162607.doc -67- 201245633 320F Surface Pore 320G Surface Pore 330 A major surface 332 a second major surface 340 particles 400 a variable index light extraction layer 410 a first region 420 a second region 500 a variable index light extraction layer 510 a first region 520 a second region 530 a variable refractive index light extraction layer 540 first region 550 second region 600 illumination device 601 light source 605 outer surface 610 light guide 615 bottom surface 625 top surface 630 variable index light extraction layer 635 opposite surface 645 surface 650 reflective scattering element layer 162607.doc -68- 201245633 710 Light guide 715 surface 725 surface 730 variable index light extraction layer 740 Transparent substrate 742 bottom side 745 surface 750 reflective scattering element 800 illumination assembly 810 light guide 830 variable index light extraction layer 840 optical clearing adhesive 850 reflective scattering element 900 illumination assembly 910 light guide 930 variable index light extraction layer 940 optical Clear Adhesive 950 Reflective Scattering Element 1000 Illumination Assembly 1010 Light Guide 1030 Variable Index Light Capture Layer 1040 Transparent Substrate 1050 Reflective Scatter Element Layer 1060 Adhesive Layer 162607.doc ·69- 201245633 1070 Adhesive Layer 1080 Illumination Assembly 1090 Illumination Assembly 1095 Sealing layer 1096 Illumination assembly 1100 Illumination assembly 1110 Light guide 1130 Variable refractive index Light extraction layer 1150 Reflective scattering element 1190 Other layers 1200 Optical film 1230 Variable refractive index Light extraction layer 1240 Transparent substrate 1260 Second optical clear adhesion Agent layer 1265 second release liner 1270 first optical clear adhesive layer 1275 first release liner 1300 optical film 1301 illumination object 1310 light guide 1330 protective outer layer 1340 transparent substrate 1350 variable refractive index light extraction layer 1360 sealing layer 162607.doc •70- 201245 633 1370 Adhesive layer 1375 Release liner 1380 Reflective scattering element 1390 Illumination unit 162607.doc - 71 -

Claims (1)

201245633 VII. Applying for the patent Fan Park·· ...the lighting object, which includes the optical element without the optical guide, the variable refractive index light extraction layer #refractive index light, the first region sentence cup too water,, and the first - And the second region, the interstitial polymeric material and the first region comprise a neat in place for emitting and injecting by the light source:::c cloth variable refractive index light extraction layer is based on the first / /, and is selected in a predetermined manner Sexually capture the light. &amp; Geometry of the second region 2. The illuminating object of the request, wherein the _ region has a first rate H region having a refractive index, and the difference between the luminosities is about 0.03 to about 0.5. ^第—和第二折 3. The illumination object of claim 1, the first-refractive index of the crucible. z, the middle W region has an illumination object of less than about 14 4, wherein the first region has a void volume of about 60%. 5. A lighting article as claimed, wherein the first region has a brightness of less than about outside and a clarity of greater than about 90%. 6. The illuminating article of the request, wherein the variable index light illuminating layer has a light transmission greater than about 90%. 7. The illuminating article of claimant, wherein the variable index optical pickup layer has a twist of less than about 10% and a sharpness of greater than about 90%. 8. A illuminating object as claimed, wherein the second region comprises a plurality of second regions arranged in a pattern on a lateral plane of the layer. 9. The illumination item of claim 1, wherein the second region comprises a plurality of 162607.doc 201245633 and the density of the second regions varies in two dimensions in a lateral plane of the layer. Above ίο. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. In the case of the illuminating object of claim 1, the second area of the -1-1 包括 includes a plurality of == these second areas The area of the transverse plane of the layer is approximately the illumination object of claim 1, the light of different wavelengths. The illuminating object of claim 1 is disposed on the light guide. Wherein the first and second regions are transmissive, wherein the variable index light-receiving layer is characterized by the object&apos; wherein the first region has a first-refracted to the first index of refraction and is less than or equal to the second index of refraction. The illuminating object of the illuminating item 1 wherein the illuminating object advances through the soil and the variable refractive index light absorbing layer is disposed on the transparent substrate such as the illuminating object of the item 1 of the item 1 wherein the illuminating object enters The step includes a bright substrate on which the variable refractive index light-free layer is disposed, and the light guiding system 4 is placed on the transparent substrate and opposed to the two-light extraction layer. I refractive index wherein there is no air gap between the light guide and the illuminating object of the transparent substrate as in claim 15. The illuminating article of claim 1, wherein the light guide comprises a viscoelastic light guide. An illumination assembly comprising: a reflective scattering element and an illumination article of any one of the claims [00], wherein the reflective scattering element is optically coupled to the variable aperture 162607.doc 201245633 radiance light extraction layer β 19- Illuminating device 'which includes a light source and an illumination object as claimed in claim m' wherein the light source is optically coupled to the light guide. 20. A front light-reflecting scattering element comprising: as in claims 1 to 17 An illumination object, a light source, optically coupled to the light guide, and a reflective scattering element, wherein the variable refractive index is lightly coupled to the layered optical. 162607.doc