201244128 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係為一種具自變色及發電之裝置，特別是 一種用於太陽能產業之技術。 【先前技術】 近來科技日益發達，人類對能源的需求不斷增 加，重要的化石燃料一石油及煤，在過度使用下數量 已快速減少，導致目前人類正面臨能源短缺及環境污 染等危機。因此，提高能源的利用率及發展替代能源 將成為二十一世紀的主要議題。其中太陽能發電做為 動力供應主要來源之一，已日漸引起重視。據科學家 估計，太陽照射到地球表面的能量每年約為：3+χ1024 焦耳，此龐大能量估計係地球人口每年總消耗能量的 一萬倍。如果能充分應用地表所吸收的龐大能量、能 源轉換，著實能解決不少能源危機的問題。而太陽能 發電是利用特殊的半導體材料製成太陽能板，把光能 轉換成電能的裝置，例如電子計算機上的太陽能電池 板即為具體的應用例。 染料敏化的功能很早就被發現，在1976年曰本 Tsubomura發表利用多孔性ΖηΟ作為染料敏化太陽 能電池(DSSCs)之工作電極，達到2.5%的光電轉換效 率，此後DSSCs成為新型太陽能電池的研究發展之 一，可惜效率一直無法突破；直到1991年瑞士 M. 3 201244128201244128 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention is a device having self-discoloration and power generation, and in particular, a technology for the solar energy industry. [Prior Art] Recently, technology has become more developed, and human demand for energy has been increasing. The number of important fossil fuels, oil and coal, has been rapidly reduced under excessive use, resulting in human beings facing energy shortages and environmental pollution. Therefore, improving energy efficiency and developing alternative energy sources will be the main issues in the 21st century. Among them, solar power generation, as one of the main sources of power supply, has drawn increasing attention. According to scientists, the amount of energy that the sun shines on the Earth's surface is about 3 + χ 1024 joules per year. This huge energy is estimated to be 10,000 times the total energy consumed by the Earth's population every year. If we can fully utilize the huge energy and energy conversion absorbed by the surface, we can solve many energy crisis problems. Solar power generation is a device that uses a special semiconductor material to make a solar panel, and converts light energy into electrical energy. For example, a solar panel on an electronic computer is a specific application example. The function of dye sensitization has long been discovered. In 1976, Tsubomura published the use of porous ΖηΟ as the working electrode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), achieving a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 2.5%. Since then, DSSCs have become new solar cells. One of the research developments, but unfortunately the efficiency has not been able to break through; until 1991, Switzerland M. 3 201244128
GrStzel實驗室發展出一種高效率、低成本的敏化太陽 能電池：利用Ti02多孔膜製作電極，再以釕錯合物 (Ru-complex)染料敏化處理後，而後使用埃離子(I7I3-) 溶液作電解質，對電極用錢上翻(platinum)金屬的導電 玻璃。輔以染料的理想光譜特性，大幅提昇DSSCs的 光電轉換效率達7.1〜7.9%。其和以石夕為主的太陽電池 相比，具有低發電成本與可大面積生產的優勢，所以 近來受到許多學者的矚目。 而Ti02具有良好的光觸媒活性，其價帶與傳導 帶的能隙（Band gap)達3.0 ~ 3.2 eV，當能量大於此能 量障壁的光照射到Ti02時，就會產生電子-電洞對的 分離(separation)，電子-電洞對的分離與再結合 (recombination)是相互競爭的機制，唯有電子-電洞對 分離並分別進行自由基反應，方能顯其光催化活性。 關於電致變色的材料，大部分的研究是在於過渡 金屬的氧化物，其中過渡金屬氧化物中的高能隙半導 體氧化物氧化鎢（W03)是一個理想的選擇，因為（1) 氧化鎢薄膜顯示出不同種類的發光特性，例如熱致變 色、光致變色與電致變色，及另外一些非可逆的變色 過程。（2)氧化鎢薄膜比其他發光材料已經有更詳細 的研究。（3 )到現在為止，大部分的電致變色的裝置 研究上，氧化鎢薄膜是更適合的光學功能性薄膜。氧 化鎢為dG過渡金屬，有許多令人關注的光學、電、 結構及缺陷特性。 201244128 【發明内容】 為解決上述問題，本發明提出一種具自變色及發 電之裝置，包含有： 一第一基板，其材料係為可透光之導電材料； 一第一電極，係形成於該第一基板上，係為一薄 膜，其材料係為金屬或金屬氧化物； 一變色層，係形成於該第一電極上，其材料可為 電致變色材料； 一二氧化鈦層，係形成於該變色層上，其材料係 為二氧化鈦； 一第二基板’其材料係為可透光之導電材料’該 第二基板上包含有一第二電極，係為一薄膜，其材料 係為金屬或金屬氧化物，該第一基板與該第二基板之 側面以密封膠固定，該第二電極與該二氧化鈦層之間 距離有一間隔以形成一空間，其中，該空間設置有一 電解質層，其材料係為含碘離子(r/i3_)之電解液。 在另一實施例中，本發明提出一種具自變色及發 電之裝置，包含有： 一第一基板，其材料係為可透光之導電材料； 一第一電極，係形成於該第一基板上，係為一薄 膜，其材料係為金屬或金屬氧化物； 一第二基板，其材料係為可透光之導電材料，該 第二基板上包含有一第二電極，係為一薄膜，其材料 5 201244128 係為金屬或金屬氧化物；一變色層，係形成於該第二 電極下，其材料係為電致變色材料；一二氧化鈦層， 係形成於該變色層下，其材料係為二氧化鈦；該第一 基板與該第二基板之側面以密封膠固定，該第一電極 與該二氧化鈦層之間距離有一間隔以形成一空間，其 中，該空間設置有一電解質層，其材料可為含碘離子 (Γ/Ι3-)之電解液。 當光照射在本發明之一種具自變色及發電之裝置 上時，該二氧化鈦層便會開始將光能轉化為電能，由 於該變色層係為電致變色材料，當接受到該二氧化鈦 層所轉換出之電能便可變色。 當光強度不足以驅動本發明之裝置時，另可於該 第一電極及該第二電極間設置一電壓降（<2V)以驅動 本裝置，使該變色層發生變色之效果。 【實施方式】 以下將參照隨附之圖式來描述本發明為達成目的 所使用的技術手段與功效，而以下圖式所列舉之實施 例僅為輔助說明，以利貴審查委員瞭解，但本案之技 術手段並不限於所列舉圖式。 再請參閱圖一所示，一種具自變色及發電之裝 置，包含有： 一第一基板10，其材料可為可透光之導電材料， 例如FTO玻璃； 201244128 、—第一電極11，係形成於該第一基板10上，係 為-薄膜，其材料可為金屬或金屬氧化物，例如鉑、、 金、銀、二氧化鈦，本實施例係為二氧化鈦； 一變色層12，係形成於該第一電極u上，其材. 料可為電致變色材料，例如氧化鎢（w〇3); 一二氧化鈦層13，係形成於該變色層12上，1 材料可為二氧化鈦； /、 ------- π 1处艽爻導電材料， 歹如ΠΌ玻璃，該第二基板16上包含有—第二電極 係為-薄膜，其材料可為金屬或金屬氧化物，例 :、金二銀、二氧化鈦’本實施例係為鉑，該第一 土板10與該第二基板16之側面以密封膠固定， 層13之間距離有-間隔= 成』其中，，亥空間設置有一電解 料可為含碘離子(1713-)之電解液。 其材 置，::有參閲圖二所示種具自變色及發電之裝 例如2—/璃板1()’其材料可為可透光之導電枯料， 一第一電極11，係形成於兮筮 為一薄膜，叫料叮…Γ第一基板10上，係 =膜二、材料可為金屬或金屬氧化物 ，、銀、-乳化鈦，本實施例係為二氧化欽；、、 一第二基板16，其材料可為可透 例如ίΤ〇麵，該第二基板 201244128 15,係為一薄膜，其材料可為金 如麵、金、銀、二氧化鈦，本實二=氧化物，例 層&係形成於該第二電極-變色 變色材料，例如氧化鶴(W〇3); 一下一 拟氺狄一虱化鈦層13，係 =成於4變色層12下，其_可為 基板10與該第二美你, ⑦匕鈦，違第 一電極U鱼該：^鈦6=面以密封膠固定，該第 成一，，二一氧化鈦層13之間距離有-間隔以形 其中’該空間設置有一電解質層14，其材 枓可為含碘離子(Γ/Ι3-)之電解液。 处准以上所述者，僅為本發明之實施例而已，當不 之限定本發明所實施之範圍。即大凡依本發明權 二要f所作之均等變化與修飾，皆應仍屬於本發明專 1涵盍之範圍内’謹請餘查委員明鑑，並祈惠准， 疋所至禱。 201244128 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一係為一種具自變色及發電之裝置實施例之一示意 圖 圖二係為一種具自變色及發電之裝置實施例之二示意 圖 【主要元件符號說明】 ίο-第一基板 11- 第一電極 12- 變色層 13 -二氧化欽層 14- 電解質層 15- 第二電極 16- 第二基板GrStzel Laboratories has developed a high-efficiency, low-cost sensitized solar cell: an electrode made of a TiO 2 porous film, sensitized with a Ru-complex dye, and then an Ion (I7I3-) solution. As an electrolyte, the counter electrode is made of platinum metal conductive glass. Together with the ideal spectral characteristics of the dye, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSCs is greatly improved by 7.1 to 7.9%. Compared with the solar cells based on Shi Xi, it has the advantages of low power generation cost and large-area production, so it has recently attracted the attention of many scholars. Ti02 has good photocatalytic activity, and the band gap of the valence band and the conduction band is 3.0 ~ 3.2 eV. When the energy of the energy larger than the energy barrier is irradiated to the TiO2, the separation of the electron-hole pair is generated. (separation), the separation and recombination of electron-hole pairs is a competing mechanism. Only the electron-hole pair separation and free radical reaction respectively can exhibit its photocatalytic activity. Regarding electrochromic materials, most of the research is on transition metal oxides, in which high energy gap semiconductor oxide tungsten oxide (W03) in transition metal oxides is an ideal choice because (1) tungsten oxide film display Different kinds of luminescent properties, such as thermochromism, photochromism and electrochromism, and other non-reversible discoloration processes. (2) Tungsten oxide films have been studied in more detail than other luminescent materials. (3) Until now, most electrochromic devices have been studied, and tungsten oxide films are more suitable optical functional films. Tungsten oxide is a dG transition metal with many interesting optical, electrical, structural and defect properties. 201244128 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a device for self-discoloration and power generation, comprising: a first substrate, the material of which is a light-transmitting conductive material; a first electrode formed in the The first substrate is a film, the material of which is a metal or a metal oxide; a color changing layer is formed on the first electrode, and the material thereof may be an electrochromic material; a titanium dioxide layer is formed on the film On the color changing layer, the material is titanium dioxide; a second substrate 'the material is a light-transmitting conductive material'. The second substrate comprises a second electrode, which is a film, and the material is metal or metal oxide. The side surface of the first substrate and the second substrate are fixed by a sealant, and a distance between the second electrode and the titanium dioxide layer is spaced apart to form a space, wherein the space is provided with an electrolyte layer, and the material thereof is Electrolyte of iodide ion (r/i3_). In another embodiment, the present invention provides a device for self-discoloration and power generation, comprising: a first substrate, the material of which is a light-transmitting conductive material; a first electrode formed on the first substrate The film is a metal or a metal oxide; the second substrate is made of a light-transmissive conductive material, and the second substrate comprises a second electrode, which is a film. Material 5 201244128 is a metal or metal oxide; a color changing layer is formed under the second electrode, the material of which is an electrochromic material; a titanium dioxide layer is formed under the color changing layer, and the material thereof is titanium dioxide The first substrate and the side surface of the second substrate are fixed by a sealant, and a distance between the first electrode and the titanium dioxide layer is spaced apart to form a space, wherein the space is provided with an electrolyte layer, and the material thereof may be iodine-containing An electrolyte of ions (Γ/Ι3-). When the light is irradiated on a device with self-discoloration and power generation of the present invention, the titanium dioxide layer begins to convert light energy into electrical energy, since the color-changing layer is an electrochromic material, which is converted when receiving the titanium dioxide layer. The electrical energy can be discolored. When the light intensity is insufficient to drive the device of the present invention, a voltage drop (<2V) may be provided between the first electrode and the second electrode to drive the device to cause discoloration of the color changing layer. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, the technical means and effects of the present invention for achieving the object will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the embodiments listed in the following drawings are only for the purpose of explanation, so that the reviewer understands, but the case Technical means are not limited to the illustrated figures. Referring to FIG. 1 again, a device with self-discoloration and power generation includes: a first substrate 10, the material of which may be a light-transmitting conductive material, such as FTO glass; 201244128, - first electrode 11, system Formed on the first substrate 10 as a thin film, the material of which may be metal or metal oxide, such as platinum, gold, silver, titanium dioxide, in this embodiment is titanium dioxide; a color changing layer 12 is formed in the The first electrode u may be an electrochromic material such as tungsten oxide (w〇3); a titanium dioxide layer 13 formed on the color changing layer 12, and the material 1 may be titanium dioxide; ----- π 1 at the conductive material, such as bismuth glass, the second substrate 16 comprises - the second electrode is a film, the material of which may be metal or metal oxide, for example: Silver, titanium dioxide 'this embodiment is platinum, the first soil plate 10 and the side of the second substrate 16 are fixed by a sealant, and the distance between the layers 13 is - interval = □, wherein the space is provided with an electrolytic material It can be an electrolyte containing iodide ion (1713-). The material is placed, and: see: Figure 2 shows a self-discoloring and power generation device such as 2 - / glass plate 1 () 'the material can be light-transmitting conductive material, a first electrode 11, The film is formed on the first substrate 10, the film 2, the material may be metal or metal oxide, silver, - emulsified titanium, in this embodiment is a dioxide; a second substrate 16, the material of which may be permeable, for example, the second substrate 201244128 15, is a film, the material of which may be gold, gold, silver, titanium dioxide, the real two = oxide , the layer & is formed on the second electrode-chromic color changing material, such as oxidized crane (W〇3); a next pseudo-di-titanium titanium layer 13, which is formed under the 4 color-changing layer 12, Can be the substrate 10 and the second beauty, 7 匕 titanium, the first electrode U fish: ^ Titanium 6 = surface is fixed with a sealant, the first one, the two titanium oxide layer 13 between the distance - interval In the shape of the space, an electrolyte layer 14 is provided, and the material may be an electrolyte containing iodide ions (Γ/Ι3-). The above is only the embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. That is to say, the equal change and modification of the right to the present invention should still fall within the scope of the special 1 of the invention. Please ask the members of the committee to make a clear statement and pray for the best. 201244128 [Simplified illustration of the drawings] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a device with self-discoloration and power generation. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a device with self-discoloration and power generation. [Main component symbol description] ίο- a substrate 11 - a first electrode 12 - a color changing layer 13 - a dioxide layer 14 - an electrolyte layer 15 - a second electrode 16 - a second substrate