TW201232988A - A self powered feed forward charging circuit and design methodology for the protection of electrical energy storage devices - Google Patents

Abstract

A self powered feed forward charging circuit and design methodology for the protection of electrical energy storage devices is provided in the present invention where the self powered feed forward charging circuit comprises a self-powered circuit, a feed forward boost converter circuit and an energy storage device, wherein the charging method implemented with the self powered feed forward charging circuit comprises the following steps: step (a) receiving a part of electrical energy from a first electrical energy source by using the self-powered circuit to meet the required start up energy for the feed forward boost converter circuit; and step (b) after the feed forward boost converter circuit starts, electrical energy is transferred to the energy storage device and begins the charging process with a feed forward methodology. The charging process keeps the charging voltage and current below the maximum allowable voltage or the maximum allowable operational temperature and current of the energy storage device. In the mean time, the first electrical energy source also transfers energy to the energy storage device of the self-powered circuit.

Description

201232988 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention provides a charging design method for a super capacitor. In particular, the present invention provides a feedforward charging method for improving the charging technique of an energy storage element such as a super capacitor. , with low cost and simple structure. [Prior Art] Capacitors are well known in the electronic motor system for many purposes. In terms of energy storage, when the capacitor is separated from its charging line, the capacitor stores energy, so it can be used as a battery to provide short-term power. Capacitors are commonly used in electronic devices that are used in conjunction with batteries to provide power when replacing batteries, to avoid storing materials that are not powered. The capacitor ϋ is also in the power supply and can alleviate the output of the full-bridge or half-bridge rectifier. Capacitors can also be used in a capacitance pump circuit to store energy to produce a higher voltage than the input voltage. A supercapacitor (sometimes called an Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitor (EDLC) or an electric double layer capacitor) is an electrochemical capacitor with a high energy density than a typical electrical capacitor. The capacity is thousands of times higher. Derived consumer products are used as: charging power for snapshots, portable media or solar devices in digital cameras. At present, there are three methods for supercapacitor charging methods in the industrial phase: Among them: Method (a): charging with a constant current to the operating voltage, and then charging with a constant voltage. Method (9): Charge to the operating power _ near, convert to constant power charging, and then charge with a constant voltage. Method: (c) Voltage charging. Describing two methods (physical method (b) requires health check. Current detection, complex structure, high cost' is more suitable for high unit price and high power equipment. Method 201232988 (6) Although the structure is simple, when the super capacitor voltage exceeds the input When it is unable to charge 'the bad scales' and can not meet the requirements of the maximum current or the maximum operating temperature, it will affect the service life of the supercapacitor. Therefore, if you can provide an energy storage component such as a super capacitor The charging method and its charging design circuit should be urgently needed. [Invention] During the charging process of the super capacitor, the voltage and current of the charger must be kept below the maximum allowable voltage and maximum current or maximum allowable operating temperature of the capacitor. 'Therefore the industry usually develops current charging, followed by constant voltage charging, 10, then, current charging, followed by mosquito power and constant voltage charging, or only using simple voltage charging. Therefore, the present invention is directed to such a type as a super capacitor. A self-powered feedforward charging circuit and a design method are provided by the electronic energy storage device, which is in accordance with the conventional technology. Yu: This is a kind of feedforward charging method and circuit to achieve the same design goal as the charging method described above, complete a simple, low-cost super electric valley charging technology, and propose a theoretical solution for the existing super capacitor. The charging design method is used to calculate the circuit parameters of the feedforward charger. In addition, the present technology also proposes two self-powered circuits, so that the charging system can be charged without an external power supply. Φ - and before the self-power supply proposed in the present case The feed charging circuit and the design method do not affect the service life of the capacitor for charging. In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides a charging method for a tank circuit, which includes a plurality of pre-charges. The set value includes: (a) a portion of the first electrical energy received by using a self-charging circuit to supply a start-up boost charging circuit required to start the electrical energy; and (b) the front _^ dust charging After the circuit is started, the feedforward boost charging circuit charges the energy storage circuit with a feedforward side, and the charged current does not exceed the storage circuit. a preset value, and energy transfer from the self-charging circuit and providing a second power to the feedforward boost charging power through the self-charging circuit 201232988. According to still another object of the present invention, the present invention provides a self-powered electric circuit 'Includes: - self-supply charging circuit 'storage - the first part of the electric energy; a feedforward boost charging circuit that receives a portion of the energy from the self-charging circuit and is activated; and a storage circuit, including - super = a protection circuit, the feedforward boost charging circuit charges the energy circuit in a feedforward manner - while the front voltage charging circuit activates the protection circuit, and the protection circuit limits one of the super capacitors The maximum instantaneous current or maximum temperature and a maximum voltage are within a preset value. ', [Embodiment] The application direction of the super capacitor will be greatly increased with the storage capacity per unit volume. Current charging methods include technologies suitable for high-end yarn production (such as cars, solar power, power supplies, etc.) or for low-end product applications (such as playing, tight, etc.). These designs are difficult to structure, and the high cost (referred to as high 2 =) is the inefficiency, and can not meet the requirements of instantaneous maximum current (or maximum allowable operating temperature), which will affect the service life of supercapacitors (referring to the low end) . ~ Therefore, as shown in Fig. 1, the figure proposes a self-powered feedforward charging circuit j which is derived from the conventional supercapacitor charging. The self-powered feedforward charging circuit 1 includes three circuits, which are a self-charging circuit 11, a feedforward boost charging circuit 丨2, and a tank circuit 13. As shown in FIG. 2, the more detailed electronic component connection relationship in each of the circuits η, 12, and 13 is: the self-charging circuit 11 includes a first diode D1, a pole body 02, and a first The capacitor C is a second capacitor C2, a fourth resistor R4, and a Zener diode Z1 having a stable voltage function in parallel with the second capacitor C2. The feedforward boost charging circuit 12 includes a first resistor R1, a second resistor ^2, a second resistor R3, an inductor L', a first switch sb, a 201232988 diode D3, and a comparison The storage circuit 13 includes an ultracapacitor sci and a protection circuit π including a second switching switch s S2 and its series connected resistor R5. The first switch S1 of the present case is oxidized by N-type metal. The semiconductor semiconductor % effect transistor, abbreviated as NMOSFET is an implementation example, and the detailed description of each end of the first switching switch S1 is: the source s (s〇urceTerminal) coupling of the first switching switch S1 One drain D (Drain Tenninal) of the first switch S1 is coupled to a contact formed between the inductor L and the third diode D3 and the first switch S1 A gate terminal G is coupled to an output of the comparator CM1.

The second switch S2 is a N Channel Depletion MOS, and one of the second switch S2 is coupled to one of the fifth resistors R5, and one source of the first switch S2 One end of the super capacitor SCI and one of the second switch S2 are coupled to the other end of the fifth resistor R5. Notably, in the initial state of charging, the super capacitor sci connected in parallel with the protection circuit 131 in the energy storage circuit 13 is preset with a maximum allowable instantaneous current value (or maximum allowable operating temperature) and a maximum allowable The voltage preset value is VmaX. And the self-powered feedforward charging circuit 11 is configured with the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 having a "reducing" function on each charging path and the storage circuit 13 The third diode D is disposed to prevent the current stored in the first capacitor c and the second capacitor C2 from being reversed. For the description of the supercapacitor SCI charging period, including chemical energy (battery) and light energy (photocell, solar cell, etc.), etc., an external energy (also referred to as one of the first electric energy A) is released, and the first electric energy A is passed through The fourth resistor R4 in the self-charging circuit 11 causes the second capacitor C2 to store the first electric energy a. The state of charge is also the feedforward booster charge 201232988 ;; fS 佳 动 before the 'the first power 八 through the fourth resistor 114 to charge the charge (where the second capacitor (1) is stored in the energy value I And the voltage value of the node voltage Vp reaches a valve to start the 哕1 and the second charging path respectively.

- the comparator CM 1 and the first switch S1 ' in the second circuit 12 and the comparison n CM voltage vp through the first: lightning resistance 疋 ^ 疋 open collector output 'the point (10) internal transistor t illusion - the drive current 'causes the comparator to knowably' the comparison voltage value in the feedforward boost charging circuit 12 and receives the two non-input electric shocks at t, and outputs the node at the output of the CM 1 Under the voltage vp ship! ς near zero ^ volts ^. For example, if -ΓΜ 1 /7 of the comparator CM 1 and the negative terminal of the comparator CM 1 receive 4V, the output terminal of the comparison 输出 outputs the voltage value of the node voltage Vp, if the ratio = = Λ positive terminal touch 4V and the comparison 11 CM 1 negative terminal receives 5 V, Jh compares the output of the CM 1 output close to zero volts. In the present case, as shown in the figure f3, the positive end of the comparator CM i receives a fixed fteqUeney fixed secret (four) tooth wave _ ^ooth Wave) (need to know: the ore tooth is a non- In the form of a sinusoidal waveform (Non-SmUS01dal Waveform, wherein the sawtooth wave system input to the positive end of the comparator CM 1 climbs upwards at a gentle slope (Ramp) and rapidly falls with a steep slope. Waveform form). The negative terminal of the comparison crying cm 1 receives an input voltage Vd between the first resistor R1 and the second resistor illusion, wherein the input voltage Vd is passed through a voltage dividing circuit.

Vd=W(R1/(R1+R2)U !, wherein the frequency of the ore tooth wave is more than 10 times the frequency of the input voltage Vd. The figure 3 shows that the comparator CM receives two different Electric power 201232988 The voltage value and the waveform of outputting a large voltage value at one output indicate that the bean represents the voltage value, and the horizontal axis represents the time.

During the period π, when the positive terminal of the comparator CM i receives the torsion wave-voltage value Vs is greater than the input terminal voltage Vd received by the terminal of the comparator CM, the output of the comparator CM1 The node voltage Vp in the node voltage basin is greater than a specific threshold voltage Vth (Thresh^d Voltage), and then, at that time, the source s and the drain D of the NM0SFET S1 start to conduct. At this time, as the switch, the value of _ 181 181 is ON. When the NM0SFET S1 as the switch is in an open state, the first electric A charges the inductance l in the boost boost charging circuit 12, and the first electric energy A passes through the first diode. The first capacitor C1 is charged. At this time, the node voltage Vy is zero volts, so that the third diode D3 is in a non-conducting state, so that the energy stored in the inductor L cannot charge the super capacitor sci. When the feedforward boost charging circuit 12 is in a steady state, the current flowing through the inductor L is in a discontinuous state (°), and vice versa, during the period T2, the positive terminal of the comparator CM 1 receives When the voltage value Vs of the sawtooth wave is less than the input voltage Vd received by the negative terminal of the comparator CM1, the output of the comparator CM1 outputs a voltage value close to zero volt, wherein the output voltage value is less than the The threshold voltage Vth is thereafter such that the source S and the drain D of the VGs <Vth 'NMOSFET S1 are in an off state. At this time, as a switch, Pang 〇 8 戸 丁 81 81 is closed (Ding job 〇 average state.

At this time, the NMOSFET S1 as a switch is in a closed state, and the node voltage Vy is boosted to turn on the third diode D3. The energy stored in the inductor L is subjected to the super capacitor SCI via the third diode D3. During charging, a portion of the current IL of the inductor L flows through the third diode D3 to the protection circuit 131 including the second switching switch S2 and the fifth resistor R5. The energy stored in the first capacitor C1 is transferred to the second capacitor C2 via the second diode D2. When the feedforward boost charging circuit 12 is in a steady state, the electricity Sil flowing through the inductor L 201232988 is in a discontinuous current mode. However, for the length of the Turn-On time of the NMOSFET during T1 in Figure 3, this paper proposes a feedforward mode (FeedForward).

Ton/T=D, then Vs(lD)=V(1)*(R1/(R1+R2)) Equation 2 where D is Duty Cycle ' Ton =71, Vs is the maximum amplitude of the sawtooth wave, T= The reciprocal of the frequency f of the sawtooth wave (T=T1+T2, T2 is the wake-up (10) turn-off time (Turn Off) time), the longer the Ton time, represents the first electric energy a, the charging time of the inductor L is changed. At the same time, the charging time of the first capacitor ci via the first diode D1 is also lengthened, and vice versa. During the period T2, when the energy stored in the inductor 1 charges the super capacitor SC1 via the third diode D3, the voltage Vy to avoid charging is reduced by .7V (0.7V is the third diode). The forward bias of D3, where Vy-〇.7=V0]) exceeds the maximum allowable voltage preset value vmax of the supercapacitor sci, which is proposed in this case... Equation 3 vy = station x[(l +

4D2 Ύ" )]xVsx(l-D)x R1 + R2 R1

K = 2L / ((R5 + N Channel Depletion Mode internal resistance) * T) Equation 3 It is worth noting that, when D is approximately equal to 0.43, the value of the node voltage Vy is the largest. The design should select the appropriate first resistor R1, the second resistor R2 and the κ value so that (the node voltage Vy is reduced by 0.7V), even if D is equal to 0.43, the maximum allowable voltage of the super capacitor sci is not exceeded. The preset value is Vmax. The energy stored in the inductor 1 during T2 is charged to the super capacitor SC1 via the third diode D3, so that the current to avoid charging exceeds the maximum allowable instantaneous current value Imax of the super capacitor sci (or maximum allowable operation) Temperature), by the following inductor peak current ip... Equation 4 T -xv L 8

(lD)xD R1 + R2 •. · Equation 4 /1 4 4201232988 Under the assumption of 'making ip/2*T2/T (the energy stored in the inductor L during T2 via the third diode D3 The average current of τ of the supercapacitor SCI for charging), the maximum allowable instantaneous current value Imax (or the maximum operating temperature) of the supercapacitor sci, and ip/2*T2/T are much larger than (Vy-0.7) /(R5+N Ch_el Depletion Mode internal resistance), where Vy-0.7=V〇]. Operational description of the protection circuit in parallel with the supercapacitor sci during charging of the supercapacitor SCI For the supercapacitor SCI charging period, when n Channel Depletion

VGS of MOS S2, Vth, N channel depletion MOS S2 is in a conducting state between source S and drain D. N Channd as a switch at this time

Depletion MOS S2 is in the Turn On state. According to Equation 3 (the resistance value of the fifth resistor R5 + the internal resistance value Nν01 of the N Channel Depletion Mode does not exceed the maximum allowable voltage preset value ν·χ of the super capacitor SC1. For charging the super capacitor SCI, When N Channel Depletion

The source S and the drain D of the VGS<Vth, N channel depletion MOS S2 of the MOS S2 are in an off state. At this time, the N Channd Depletion MOS S2 as a switch is in a Turn Off state to prevent the charge stored in the super capacitor SCI from flowing to the fifth resistor 5 . Therefore, in view of the conventional shortage of charging the supercapacitor SC1, the feedforward riser circuit 12 of the present invention has been well verified in the __ mode for charging the supercapacitor SCI type of energy storage device. Based on the connection circuit relationship between the self-charging circuit Η, the feedforward boost charging circuit 丨2, and the internal electronic components of the storage circuit 13, when the priority capacitor SC1 is replaced with the protection circuit 131 in a normal capacitor The feedforward boost charging circuit charges the general capacitor in the feedforward manner as mentioned above, and does not affect the service life of the capacitor. [Simple diagram of the diagram] 201232988 Figure 1, the ® is from #图2, which is a block diagram of the self-powered circuit. The internal details of the energy storage circuit, the brother circuit, the feedforward boost charging circuit and a picture shown in Figure 3, are: • rnm it η 4. The picture shows that the comparator CM 1 receives two different powers. The waveform of the larger voltage value is outputted by one round. The vertical axis voltage value and the horizontal axis represent time. [Main component symbol description] 1. Self-powered feedforward charging circuit

Self-charging circuit D1: first diode D2: second diode C1: first capacitor C2: second capacitor R4: fourth resistor Z1: Zener diode 12: feedforward boost charging circuit R1: a resistor R2: a second resistor R3: a third resistor L: an inductor S1: a first switch D3: a third diode CM 1: a comparator 13: a tank circuit 131: a protection circuit SCI: a super capacitor S2: a second Switch R5: fifth resistor 12

Claims (1)

201232988 VII. Patent application scope: 1. A charging method for an energy storage circuit, the energy storage circuit comprising a plurality of preset values, comprising: (8) receiving a part of energy of a first electric energy by using a self-charging circuit to supply a feedforward boost charging circuit requires startup power; and (b) after the feedforward boost charging circuit is activated, the feedforward boost charging circuit charges the energy storage circuit in a feedforward manner while charging The voltage and current = will exceed the preset value of the tank circuit, and the self-charging circuit is transferred and supplied through the self-charging circuit - the second electric energy to the front-end boost charging circuit. ^ The charging method of claim 1, wherein the preset value has a large current value or a maximum material temperature and a maximum of 3', as described in claim 1, wherein the charging method The feed boost charging circuit comprises a -first resistor, a second and a second comparator, a resistive inductor, a "first" switch, a - diode and a first charge, and the circuit includes - a second diode, - The third diode, one = 'second capacitor, the fourth resistor and the Zener diode. And the resistor shoulder. This circuit contains - super capacitor, - the second switch and the second fifth charge The charging method according to item 1, wherein the front household annoyed super capacitor converts the first electric energy into the allowable voltage pre-compensation. Or - allow the operating temperature and - ☆ ί 凊 凊 凊 凊 凊 凊 凊 凊 凊 凊 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘 甘The average storage energy of the two capacitors L; 13 201232988 Feed forward boost charging circuit and the ship circuit 6. As claimed in the patent scope! As stated in the item = can. The charging circuit uses the feedforward mode to use the H program of the feedforward boosting forward in the electricity to produce ςβ* (Feed is as follows: μ 贝任周期 D, the first equation Vs(lD) = V(l )x_jy__ R1 + R2 The most A vibration of the input voltage, V (D is an input power I ' R1 is the resistance - resistance, R2 is the second resistance, Set the value and find the maximum material voltage pre-Vy=ix[(l + X^)]xVsX(1.D)xRU^ VK R1 where K 2L/((R5+ internal resistance of the second switch)*) , τ is the cough-switching switch-switching cycle, R5 is the fifth resistor, L is the inductor 2, and the duty cycle D is substituted into a third-party program to determine whether the maximum allowable instantaneous current value is satisfied, the third The equation is as follows: 7. The charging method according to claim 1, wherein: the second switch makes the super capacitor and the fifth when the super capacitor is charged The resistors are connected in parallel; and when the super capacitor is in discharge, the second switching switch separates the super capacitor from the fifth resistor. 8. The charging method according to claim 1, wherein when the feedforward boost charging circuit is in a steady state, the current flowing through the inductor is in a discontinuous current mode. 14 201232988 • j 9. If the application of the scope of the patent is initiated before the start of the 'the first electric energy through the first: electricity: 3⁄4 storage - the first part of the energy of the electric energy; the circuit of the 10. self-powered feedforward charging circuit, including: The power is connected to the self-supply charging and charging circuit, and the feedforward boosting charging circuit starts the protection circuit, and: the protection circuit feeds forward two maximum instantaneous currents or the first patent range of the first application of the self-powered a feedforward charging circuit, wherein: after the feed boosting charging circuit is activated, the first electric energy stored in the self-charging circuit is equal to the power consumption required by the feedforward boost charging circuit and the energy storage circuit. 12. The self-powered feedforward charging circuit of claim 1, wherein the feedforward boost charging circuit comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a An inductor, a first switch, a first diode, and a comparator; the self-charging circuit includes a second diode, a third diode, a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a first capacitor a four-resistor and a Zener diode; and the energy storage circuit includes a super capacitor, a second switch, and a fifth lightning resistance. 13. The self-powered feedforward charging circuit of claim 10, wherein the feedforward boost charging circuit uses the feedforward mode to generate a first equation having a feedforward mode (Feed Forward) to generate A duty cycle E), the first equation is as follows: 15 201232988 VS(1-P) = Y(1K_R1 R1 + R2 where Vs is the maximum input voltage of the input (10), R1 is the first resistance, and R2 is the The first Lei Tianyang '(1) is a loser and substituted into a second equation to = resistance, set value, the second equation is as follows: 疋 / foot the maximum allowable voltage pre-vy = ->; < [(l + ^l + i^)]xVx(1_ R1 + R2 Wherein, K=2L/_+ the internal resistance of the second switch is switched to the switching period, and the fifth is determined to be the same as the remaining D generation H strain ^ inductance 'the maximum allowable _ Current value, the third-party program> 顺疋不ΤΤ xVsx(lD)xDx R1 + R2 A R1 ~~ Self-powered feedforward charging circuit as described in claim 1 of the patent scope, wherein the second switch is turned on (Tum On), the super capacitor is in charge The electrical state, and when the second switch is turned off (Tum〇, the supercapacitor is fully charged. 16