201228213 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種無刷馬達失效警示及保護機制，尤指一 種提供馬達在運轉中會有瞬間相位切換錯誤現象的警示及保 護機制，讓使用者或操作者了解目前馬達的狀況，進而提早進 場檢修’避免不必要的危險。 【先前技術】 現行的無刷馬達内部一般裝置有霍爾元件、磁鋼片、線 鲁 圈…等件組成。無刷馬達控制方式如圖一所示，霍爾元件依 ，馬達目前的相位而輸出相對的訊號(11八1^ A、B、C)給控制 器⑺’控制器10内部一般會控制功率元件21、22、31、32、 41 42進行無刷馬達換相（馬達a相、b相、匸相)動作，為了 此夠讓控制器1〇正確驅動功率元件21、22、31、32、41、42 讓馬達可以進行正確的換相（馬達A相、B相、c相)動作，因 此必須依據馬達内部的霍爾元件所提供的相位訊號(HALl A、B、C)進行給控制器1〇，當馬達在正確的換相動作下即 ^ 順利的運轉。 控制器10依照無刷馬達的霍爾輸出訊i(HALL A、B、q 來進仃正確的相位（馬達A相、B相、c相)控制，當正常時， 1制器10 it行相健制讓馬達正常運#，當馬達元件 ，’此時控㈣1G —般會進人保護機制，馬達就無法運轉= =現急劇的振動現象，使用者無法繼續使用，必須立刻進行 若無刷馬達在運轉中因為馬達内部霍爾元件裝置不良、_ =本身異*、接線不良...等原因，造成霍爾元件出現間扭 誤訊號50(HALL B)輸出時，如圖二所示，控制器i〇在瞬= 201228213 為霍爾元件輸出錯誤而得到錯誤的相位訊號，此時控制器仞 會依照當時錯㈣霍爾訊朗行不正確_位切換動作⑽誤 的功率元件切換），造成騎在運射會有_相位切換^誤 的現象，如果霍爾相位錯誤輸出的時間很短，馬達會產生輕微 振動現象，若霍爾相位錯誤輸出時間長且頻繁，使用者在當下 會感受到馬達較大的間歇振動，且馬達在瞬間會產生很大的反 向I若此時使用者操作在最大功率輸出區間，並且在電池 11能量最大的狀態下即會造成控制器1〇燒毁，使用者在行進 中會出現載具失效所造成的危險，因為是間歇出現㈣訊號輸 出錯誤，因此使用者較不容易察覺異狀而繼續使用。 假若馬達出現異常，無法透過保護機制適時降低或停止輸 出給f達的功率，也無法透過顯示介面，讓使用者或操作者了 解目前馬達的狀況，進而提早進場檢修，避免不必要的危險。 【發明内容】 因此本發明之主要目的是在提供一種無刷馬達失效警示 及保^之系統及其方法，透過顯示介面，讓使用者或操作者了 解目前馬達的狀況，進而提早進場檢修，避免不必要的危險。 ，發明之再一目的是在提供一種無刷馬達失效警示及保 護之系統及其方法，透過保護機制啟動最大功率設定，使載具 可以在小功率輸出區段行駛下進入維修點進行檢修動作，除了 可以警告使用者以外，也可以保護控制器避免因為霍爾元件間 歇性的異常造成燒毁。 ^ 為達上述之目的，本發明提供一種無刷馬達失效警示及保 護之系統，係由一控制器接入一電源的電流輸入，用於控制及 驅動:馬達，其特徵在於：前述控制器電性連接一顯示介面， 該顯示介面用以接收及顯示該控制器傳出的訊息，讓使用者或 201228213 操作者了解目前馬達的狀況。 ㈣其Γ ’該顯示介面可以是揚聲裝置，用以發出語立或邀土 聲曰，δ玄顯示介面可以是燈 ° S " S ° 作，讓使詩土 絲t用同的燈色或閃爍動 ^讓使用者或知作者了解目前馬達的狀況可 是影像顯讀置，直接顯示目前馬達的狀況。 本發明方法係控制n設定馬達最 脈長度，在霍爾訊號出現輪 ^^轉速下的霍爾時 機『並低或停止給馬達的輸出功率。動。 當机號異常出現頻率小於降低給馬達 顯示第-階段警示· 者要庄思，且給馬達的輸出功率不變。 訊號異常出賴率大於降低給馬達的輸出功率的頻率 二疋C小於停止給馬達的輸出功率 介面會顯示第-階妒逖-仙… 卞又心值η于顯不 如丄旦！： 不機能’用以提醒使用者要注意，且逐 漸降低Bb里輸出至一限制值。 常，頻率大於停止給馬達的輸出功率的頻率 “主音:會顯示第三階段警示機能，用以提醒使用 者要注意，且逐漸降低能量輸出至零。 達，=3=3馬達控制器經由電源取得動力驅動馬 前馬達的歧，細提早麟歸，㈣不必要的=了解目 【實施方式】 兹舉出本發明無刷猶纽料及賴之純及其 的附圖，明及具體實施方式，以協助專利審查委員對本^ 技術紐及内容做瞭解，敬請參見如下的陳述： 、 201228213 π S月多閱圖三’本發明實施上係由一控制ϋ 100接入一電源 獅的電流輸入，用於控制及驅動-馬達300，其特徵在於控 制器100電性連接一顯示介自m。如前面習知所述該控制器 100依士照馬達300的霍爾輸出訊號來進行正確的相位控制，當 正申日寸，控制器100進行相位控制讓馬達3〇〇正常運轉，當馬 達3?0内，元件損壞時，此時控制$ _ 一般會進入保護機 制’捕不"面110用以接收及顯示該控制器議傳出的訊 息，讓使用者或操作者了解目前馬達的狀況。 該顯示介面110可以是揚聲震置，用以發出語音或警告聲 響；該顯示介面110可以是㈣裝置，用不同雜色或閃燦動 作、，讓使用者或操作者了解目前馬達陳況；棚示介面110 可以疋影像顯不裝置’直接透過圖示或文字讓使用者或操作者 了解目前馬達的狀況。 »月參閱圖四，為霍爾訊號切換時脈示意圖。馬達3⑻在正 常運轉下:ί_·(ΗΑΙΧ)會依序輸it}各相序鋪，霍爾輸出 訊號的時脈T1長短會隨著馬達3〇〇轉速不同而改變，當馬達 300轉速越快時，霍爾訊號的時脈τι越短，亦即霍爾訊號切 換頻率會越快，馬達勤在最高轉速下其霍爾訊號的時脈為 T1會等於Tmax 〇 本發明無刷馬達失效警示及保護之方法係透過控制器1〇〇 内設定的判斷及保護機制，降低或停止輸出給馬達3〇〇的功 率，同時透過顯示介面110，讓使用者或操作者了解目前馬達 300的狀況。 請續參閱圖五及圖六，圖五為本發明於無刷馬達霍爾失效 警示與保護控制裝置程序圖，圖六為本發明之保護機制啟動最 大功率设定示意圖。本發明之霍爾失效警示與保護機制系統除 201228213 了軍ί霍Γΐ損壞狀況下可以進入保護機制讓馬達300停止 器_設定馬達最高二利用控制 =霍爾訊號時脈出現如圖四中的時脈T2的錯誤離 (異：HALL訊號），因為時脈T2小於時脈τ卜控制器觸 判定為霍爾異常輸出訊號並且 ==率舆長短進二;==: 輸出異*時’如果訊縣常出現解 ，則控制器1〇〇會啟動第一階段警示機能(步^=步 =用，顯示介面削如燈號、聲音等方式提醒使用者馬達霍 维能有異常了，提醒使用者要注意，但最大輸出功率ρ 維持原有的輸出功率Ρ1(步驟461)。 右異巾f爾訊號出現辭F大於設定鮮Fp_d_且小 二stop(步驟431)’此時控制器100為了避免因為霍爾元件異 吊而造成控制器不正常作動燒毀，除了會啟動第二段警示機能 (步驟450)利用該顯示介面11〇如燈號、聲音等方式提醒使 用者馬達300内的霍爾元件有異常外，提醒使用者要注意，另 外會開始依據降功率時間Tdl的設定，逐漸降低能量輸出（最 大輸出功率P)至一限制值P2，除了可以避免霍爾瞬間出現錯 =輪出時使用者剛好操作在大功率輸出(P1)區段下，造成異常 月b量過大損毀控制器1〇〇外，也可以避免動力瞬間降低太快讓 消費者反應不及造成危險。 當出現頻率大於Fst()p(步驟430)，表示馬達300在嚴重異 常的狀態下作動，急需回原廠檢修且不適合持續運轉，此時啟 動第三段警示機能(步驟440)利用該顯示介面110如燈號、聲 音...等方式提醒使用者馬達300内的霍爾元件故障，提示使用 201228213 者進廉維修，並依照降功率時間Td2設定將逐漸降低能量輸出 (P)降至零為止。保護機制啟動最大功率設定’除了提醒使用 者馬達300内部元件出現異常，並且可以在小功率輸出區段行 驶下進入維修點進行檢修動作，除了可以警告使用者以外，也 可以保護控制器100避免因為霍爾元件間歇性的異常造成燒 毁。 ' 本發明在上文中已以較佳實施例揭露，然熟習本項技術者 應理解的是，該實施例僅用於描繪本發明，而不應解讀為限制 本發明之範圍。應注意的是，舉凡與該實施例等效之變化與置 換，均應設為涵蓋於本發明之範疇内。因此，本發明之保護纩 圍當以下文之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 色 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一為無刷馬達控制方式示意圖。 圖一為霍爾訊號異常示意圖。 圖二為本發明實施之系統架構圖。 圖四為霍爾訊號切換時脈示意圖。 圖五為本發明失效警示與保護控制裝置程序圖 圖六為保護機制啟動最大功率設定示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 控制器10 功率元件21、22、31 錯誤訊號50 控制器100 電源200 電池11 、32、41、42 顯示介面110 馬達300201228213 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a brushless motor failure warning and protection mechanism, and more particularly to a warning and protection mechanism for providing an instantaneous phase switching error during operation of a motor, allowing use The operator or operator understands the current state of the motor and then enters the field for early inspection to avoid unnecessary danger. [Prior Art] The current general device of the brushless motor is composed of a Hall element, a magnetic steel piece, a wire loop, and the like. The brushless motor control mode is shown in Figure 1. The Hall element outputs the relative signal according to the current phase of the motor (11 8 1 ^ A, B, C) to the controller (7). The controller 10 generally controls the power components inside. 21, 22, 31, 32, 41 42 perform brushless motor commutation (motor a phase, b phase, 匸 phase) operation, in order to allow the controller 1 to correctly drive the power components 21, 22, 31, 32, 41 , 42 allows the motor to perform correct commutation (motor phase A, phase B, phase c), so it must be given to the controller 1 according to the phase signal (HAL1 A, B, C) provided by the Hall element inside the motor. Hey, when the motor is in the correct commutation action, it will run smoothly. The controller 10 controls the correct phase (motor A phase, B phase, and c phase) according to the Hall output signal i (HALL A, B, q of the brushless motor). When it is normal, the controller 10 Health makes the motor run normally #, when the motor component, 'at this time (4) 1G will enter the protection mechanism, the motor will not work = = the current vibration phenomenon, the user can not continue to use, must be immediately if the brushless motor In the operation, because the Hall element device in the motor is defective, _ = itself is different, the wiring is bad, etc., when the Hall element appears between the error signal 50 (HALL B) output, as shown in Figure 2, the control I〇 at instant = 201228213 for the Hall element output error and get the wrong phase signal, at this time the controller will be in accordance with the wrong (four) Hall signal Langlang incorrect _ bit switching action (10) wrong power component switching), resulting in There is a _ phase switching error when riding the camera. If the Hall phase error output time is short, the motor will produce a slight vibration phenomenon. If the Hall phase error output time is long and frequent, the user will feel it now. Large intermittent vibration of the motor And the motor will generate a large reverse I in an instant. If the user operates in the maximum power output interval at this time, and the battery 11 is in the maximum energy state, the controller 1 will be burned and the user will appear during the travel. The danger caused by the failure of the vehicle is because the intermittent (4) signal output error, so the user is less likely to detect the abnormality and continue to use. If the motor is abnormal, it is impossible to reduce or stop the power output to f through the protection mechanism, and the user or the operator can understand the current state of the motor through the display interface, so as to get in the field for early inspection and avoid unnecessary danger. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to provide a brushless motor failure warning and protection system and method thereof, through the display interface, allowing the user or the operator to understand the current state of the motor, and then early access to the field, Avoid unnecessary dangers. A further object of the invention is to provide a system and method for failing warning and protection of a brushless motor, and to activate a maximum power setting through a protection mechanism, so that the vehicle can enter a service point for maintenance during a small power output section. In addition to alerting the user, the controller can also be protected from burning due to intermittent abnormalities in the Hall element. For the purpose of the above, the present invention provides a system for failing warning and protection of a brushless motor, which is connected to a current input of a power source by a controller for controlling and driving: a motor, characterized in that: the controller is electrically The display interface is used to receive and display the message sent by the controller, so that the user or the 201228213 operator can know the current state of the motor. (4) The display interface can be a speaker device for issuing a voice or a voice, and the δ meta display interface can be a light S " S °, so that the same color can be used for the poetry Or flashing ^ to let the user or the author know the current state of the motor, but the image is read and displayed directly to the current motor condition. The method of the present invention controls n to set the maximum pulse length of the motor, and the Hall timing at the rotational speed of the Hall signal appears to "lower or stop the output power to the motor." move. When the machine number abnormality occurs less than the lower limit to the motor, the first-stage warning is displayed, and the output power to the motor is unchanged. The abnormal signal output rate is greater than the frequency of reducing the output power to the motor. The second output C is smaller than the output power of the stop motor. The interface will display the first-order 妒逖-仙... 卞 and the heart value η is not as good as it is! : Not function ‘ to remind the user to pay attention, and gradually reduce the output of Bb to a limit value. Often, the frequency is greater than the frequency at which the output power to the motor is stopped. "Main tone: The third stage warning function will be displayed to remind the user to pay attention and gradually reduce the energy output to zero. Up, =3=3 motor controller via power supply Obtaining the difference between the power-driven motor and the motor, and (4) unnecessary = understanding [Embodiment] The brushless device and Lai Zhichun of the present invention and its drawings, the specific embodiments, To assist the Patent Examiner in understanding the technology and content, please refer to the following statement: 20122813 π S月多看图三' The implementation of the invention is controlled by a control ϋ 100 to access the current input of a power lion. The control and drive-motor 300 is characterized in that the controller 100 is electrically connected to a display from m. As described in the prior art, the controller 100 performs correct phase control according to the Hall output signal of the motor 300. When the day is being applied, the controller 100 performs phase control to make the motor 3 〇〇 normal operation. When the component is damaged within the motor 3?0, the control $_ will generally enter the protection mechanism 'capture not" Receiving and displaying the message transmitted by the controller, letting the user or the operator know the current state of the motor. The display interface 110 may be a speakerphone for emitting a voice or warning sound; the display interface 110 may be (4) The device uses different mottled or flashing movements to let the user or the operator know the current motor condition; the display interface 110 can display the image display device directly to let the user or the operator know the current through the graphic or text. The condition of the motor. »Refer to Figure 4 for the clock signal diagram of the Hall signal. The motor 3 (8) is in normal operation: ί_·(ΗΑΙΧ) will input it in sequence} each phase sequence, the clock of the Hall output signal T1 The length will change with the speed of the motor 3〇〇. When the motor 300 rotates faster, the clock signal τι of the Hall signal will be shorter, that is, the faster the switching frequency of the Hall signal will be, the motor will be at the highest speed. The clock of the signal is T1 will be equal to Tmax. The method of failure warning and protection of the brushless motor of the present invention reduces or stops the output of the motor to the motor through the judgment and protection mechanism set in the controller 1〇〇. At the same time, through the display interface 110, the user or the operator can know the current status of the motor 300. Please refer to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 again. FIG. 5 is a program diagram of the Hall failure warning and protection control device for the brushless motor according to the present invention. 6 is a schematic diagram of the maximum power setting of the protection mechanism of the present invention. The Hall failure warning and protection mechanism system of the present invention can enter the protection mechanism to make the motor 300 stop device _ set the motor to the highest two in addition to the 201228213 Control = Hall signal clock occurs as shown in Figure 4, the error of the clock T2 (exception: HALL signal), because the clock T2 is smaller than the clock τ, the controller touches the Hall abnormal output signal and == rate 舆Long and short into two; ==: When the output is different * If the signal often appears in the county, the controller 1 will start the first stage warning function (step ^= step = use, display interface such as signal, sound, etc. The user is reminded that the motor Hovey can be abnormal, reminding the user to pay attention, but the maximum output power ρ maintains the original output power Ρ1 (step 461). The right disguise is the result of the F is greater than the set fresh Fp_d_ and the second is the stop (step 431). At this time, the controller 100 avoids the abnormal operation of the controller due to the different hanging of the Hall element, except that the second will be started. The segment warning function (step 450) uses the display interface 11 such as a light signal, a sound, etc. to remind the user that the Hall element in the motor 300 is abnormal, reminds the user to pay attention, and starts to set according to the power reduction time Tdl. , gradually reduce the energy output (maximum output power P) to a limit value P2, in addition to avoiding the Hall instantaneous error = the user just operates in the high power output (P1) section, causing the abnormal monthly b amount too large If the controller is damaged, it can also prevent the power from being instantly lowered too quickly for the consumer to react less than dangerously. When the frequency of occurrence is greater than Fst()p (step 430), it indicates that the motor 300 is operating in a severe abnormal state, and it is urgent to return to the original factory for maintenance and is not suitable for continuous operation. At this time, the third segment warning function is started (step 440), and the display interface is utilized. 110, such as signal, sound, etc., to remind the user that the Hall element in the motor 300 is faulty, prompting to use 201228213 for insured maintenance, and gradually reducing the energy output (P) to zero according to the power reduction time Td2 setting. . The protection mechanism activates the maximum power setting 'In addition to reminding the user that the internal components of the motor 300 are abnormal, and can enter the service point for maintenance operation while driving in the low power output section, in addition to warning the user, the controller 100 can also be protected from Intermittent anomalies in the Hall element cause burnout. The invention has been described above by way of a preferred embodiment, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It should be noted that variations and modifications equivalent to those of the embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of the invention is defined by the scope of the following claims. Color [Simple diagram description] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the control method of the brushless motor. Figure 1 shows the abnormality of the Hall signal. FIG. 2 is a system architecture diagram of an implementation of the present invention. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the clock signal of the Hall signal switching. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the failure warning and protection control device of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the maximum power setting of the protection mechanism. [Description of main component symbols] Controller 10 Power components 21, 22, 31 Error signal 50 Controller 100 Power supply 200 Battery 11, 32, 41, 42 Display interface 110 Motor 300