201213653 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種引聲批生,丨$ „ 裡ή莩控制系統與方法，尤指—種 用於修正喷射式機車引擎噴油詈 I手貝庙里之引擎控制系統與方法。 【先前技術】201213653 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] The present invention relates to a sounding batch, 丨 $ „ ή莩 control system and method, especially for correcting the jet locomotive engine fuel injection 詈 I hand Engine control system and method in Bay Temple. [Prior Art]
含氧感知器（Oxygen Sens0r或簡稱〇2 Sens〇r)的主 要目的是在控制引擎中汽油與空氣的「空燃比」，含氧感 知器會自動將在排氣管中所偵測廢氣中氧氣的含量訊息傳 回電子控制單元（ECU: Electn)nie CGntrGl咖），如此在電 子控制單元快速的運作管控下，很快地就可調整出一個最 適當的空燃比’讓每-滴油都發揮最佳效率，達到省油又 環保之效果。 請參閱圖1係含氧感知器輸出電壓與空燃比之特性曲 線’―般而言’最適當的理想空燃比（娜：八⑽叫為⑷， 空燃比等於M.7即表示完全燃燒’空燃比大於μ表示稀油 H空燃比小於14·7表示濃油狀態。而t空燃比等於14 7 時，含氧感知器之輸出電壓大約為〇 45V ^ 含氧感知器之主要功能即為修正空燃比，使空燃比趨 近理想值14.7,其作法係利用含氧感知器輸出電壓之高低來 進行喷油量修正，例如當含氧感知器輸出Μ處於高電壓 2大於〇.45V時’表示空燃比小於14 7，亦即表示濃油狀態， T控制早tl(ECU)則會進行減少燃油之修正；而當含氧感 知器輸出電壓處於低電屡即小於〇45v時，表示空燃比大於 201213653 14.7’亦即表示稀油狀態’電子控制單元(ecu)則會進行增 加燃油之修正，以期望有較佳的燃燒效率，而能符合環保 規定’並達到經濟節約能源之目的。 請繼續參閱圖2、及圖3,其分別$空燃比不進行修正 之開迴路控制與空燃比進行修正之閉迴路控制示意圖。一 般而言，含氧感知器進行空燃比修正時稱為閉迴路控制， 其作動方式如圖3所示，電子控制中心91輸出―訊號控制喷 油嘴92提供—喷油量供引擎㈣燒運轉，而含氧感知器94 則將在排氣管中削貞測廢氣中氧氣的含量訊息傳回電子控 制中心9卜在電子控财心職速的運料控下很快地 就可調整出-個最適當的空燃比，閉迴路控制之主要目的 P可G正工燃比’使空燃比趨近147，亦即使含氧感知器料 ，輸出電壓位於0.45讀。至於開迴路控制則不論含氧感知 器94之輸出電壓為高電壓或低電壓，電子控制中心91皆不 作任何喷油量之補償修正，其作動方式如圖2所示電子控 制令心91輸出一訊號控制噴油嘴92提供-喷油量供引擎93 燃燒運轉，電子控制中心91不修正噴油量。 般田/由門開度大於5〇%或引擎轉速高於6〇⑼轉/分 (RPM)時，即稱為開迴路控制區域，其喷油量的多寡是 驗方式所，算出來的。當引擎於開迴路控制區域下運轉 時，噴油量完全取決於實驗上所建立的基本噴油量，不作 任何補償修正’含氧感知器之輸出電壓係處於一個固定 值此固足值若為尚電壓即代表空燃:比處力濃油狀態；反 此固疋值若為低電壓即代表空燃比處於稀油狀態。 201213653The main purpose of the oxygen sensor (Oxygen Sens0r or 〇2 Sens〇r) is to control the "air-fuel ratio" of gasoline and air in the engine. The oxygen sensor will automatically detect the oxygen in the exhaust gas detected in the exhaust pipe. The content message is sent back to the electronic control unit (ECU: Electn) nie CGntrGl coffee), so that under the rapid operation and control of the electronic control unit, it is possible to quickly adjust the most appropriate air-fuel ratio, so that every drop can be played. The best efficiency, the effect of fuel economy and environmental protection. Please refer to Figure 1 for the characteristic curve of the oxygen sensor output voltage and air-fuel ratio. The most appropriate ideal air-fuel ratio (N: eight (10) is called (4), and the air-fuel ratio is equal to M.7, which means complete combustion. When the fuel ratio is greater than μ, the air-fuel ratio of the lean oil H is less than 14·7, indicating the concentrated oil state. When the air-fuel ratio is equal to 14 7 , the output voltage of the oxygen-containing sensor is about 〇45V ^ The main function of the oxygen sensor is the correction The fuel ratio makes the air-fuel ratio close to the ideal value of 14.7. The method uses the output voltage of the oxygen sensor to correct the fuel injection amount. For example, when the oxygen sensor output Μ is at a high voltage 2 greater than 〇.45V, it means empty. When the fuel ratio is less than 14 7 , it means the concentrated oil state. If the T control is earlier than tl (ECU), the fuel correction will be reduced. When the output voltage of the oxygen sensor is low, it is less than 〇45v, indicating that the air-fuel ratio is greater than 201213653. 14.7' means that the oily state 'ecu' will be modified to increase fuel efficiency in order to achieve better combustion efficiency and meet environmental regulations' and achieve economical energy savings. Please continue to refer. 2, and Figure 3, respectively, the closed loop control of the open loop control and the air-fuel ratio corrected without the air-fuel ratio being corrected. In general, when the air-fuel ratio correction is performed by the oxygen sensor, it is called closed loop control, and its operation The mode is as shown in FIG. 3, the electronic control center 91 outputs a signal control nozzle 92 to provide - the fuel injection amount for the engine (4) to burn, and the oxygen sensor 94 to cut the oxygen in the exhaust gas in the exhaust pipe. The content message is sent back to the electronic control center. Under the control of the electronic control, the most appropriate air-fuel ratio can be adjusted. The main purpose of closed-loop control is P-G-fuel ratio. The air-fuel ratio approaches 147, and even if the oxygen sensor material is used, the output voltage is at 0.45. As for the open loop control, the electronic control center 91 does not perform any fuel injection regardless of whether the output voltage of the oxygen sensor 94 is high voltage or low voltage. The compensation correction of the quantity is as shown in Fig. 2. The electronic control command 91 outputs a signal control injector 92 to provide - the fuel injection amount for the engine 93 to burn, and the electronic control center 91 does not correct the fuel injection amount. Door opening When the engine speed is greater than 5〇% or the engine speed is higher than 6〇(9) rpm (RPM), it is called the open circuit control area, and the amount of fuel injection is calculated by the method. When the engine is in the open circuit control area When running down, the amount of fuel injection depends entirely on the basic fuel injection amount established in the experiment, without any compensation correction. The output voltage of the oxygen sensor is at a fixed value. If the solid value is still voltage, it means air-fueling: If the solid value is low, it means that the air-fuel ratio is in a thin oil state. 201213653
引擎於開迴路控制區域運轉，若是因為生產與製造上 的變異’或是當内燃機引擎使用一段時間之後，燃油注入 系統（EFI : Electronic Fuel Injection)零件劣化（如燃油果劣 化、壓力調節閥壓力不足、喷油嘴異物阻塞 '電線劣化等 等），造成喷油量不足’將導致空燃比過於稀薄，即稀油狀 態’而空燃比過於稀薄將產生如下之缺點：（1 )引擎工作Ί 度過高，容易燒毀，（2)廢氣溫度過高，排氣管容易燒毀， ⑶廢氣溫度過高，觸媒轉換器（CaUlyst c〇nverter)容易燒 毀。因此，當引擎於開迴路控制區域下運轉時，目前此種 依賴實驗上所建立的基本喷油量’不作任何補償修正之方 式’谷易使引擎X作温度過高’不利於引擎長時間運轉之 耐久性，且排氣管也容易燒毀，並非十分理想，尚有改善 發明人緣因於此，本於積極發明之精神，亟思一種可 以解決上述問題之引擎控制系統鱼 至完成本發明。 U去’幾經研究實驗終 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的係在提供— 引擎控制系統與方法，俾能當内° =引擎噴油量之 轉下，可依據含氧感知器之輪出電^開迴路控制運 低電壓時’即稀油狀態時，進 荷性，當其訊號位於 弓I擎工作溫度或廢氣溫度過高，油量修正，俾避免 媒轉換器容易燒毀之缺失。 弓丨擎、排氣管、及觸 201213653 為達成上述目的，本發明之引擎控制系統包括有·— 用以量測引擎所排放廢氣令氧氣含量之含氧感知器、一用 以提供引擎所需燃油之喷油嘴、—用以量測油門開度之油 門開度感知器、-用以量測引擎轉速之引擎轉速感知器、 及-電連接於含氧感知器、喷油嘴、油門開度感知器、及 引擎轉速感知器之電子控制中心。其中，當油門開度大於 50〇/〇或引擎轉速高於6_轉/分（Rev〇luti〇n〜紹績 亦即Μ擎位於空燃比不進行修正之開迴路控制區 轉且含氧感知器之輸出電壓低於0.八時，電子控制 中心輸出-訊號’用以控制喷油嘴增加喷油量。 此外，上述引擎控制系統之引擎位於空燃比不進行修 二路：制區域運轉，而含氧感知器之輸出電壓高於 5 / V，則電子控財心*輸*用以控制噴油嘴增 加喷油量之訊號，即不修正喷油量。 法 另提供一種可修正引擎喷油量之引擎控制方 包括有以下步驟： 一油門開度感知器量測一油門開度之資訊； 一引擎轉速感知器量測一引擎轉速之資訊； -電2氧感知器依其量測引擎廢氣中氧氣的含量而輸出 电！之資訊；以及 壓之制中心依據該油門開度、該引擎轉速與該電 50%或擇是否輸出一訊號’其中，當油門開度大於 ml速兩於_〇轉/分，亦即引擎位於空燃比不進 4正之開迴路控制區域運轉’且含氧感知器之輸出電壓 201213653 用以控制喷油嘴 低於0.3V時’電子控制中心輸出—訊號， 增加喷油量。 此外，上述引擎控制方法當引擎位於空燃比不進行修 正之開迴路控制區域運轉，而含氧感知器之輸出電壓高於 或等於1.3 v時則電子控制巾心不輸出用以控制喷油嘴增 加喷油置之訊说，即不修正喷油量。 【實施方式】 鲁 胃參考圖4係本發明一較佳實施例之閉迴路控制系統 架構圖，本實施例之可修正引擎喷油量之引擎控制系統包 括有./由門開度感知器i i、一引擎轉速感知器^ 2、一含 氧感知器13' -噴油嘴15、及—電子控制中心2〇。含氧感 知器13用以量測引擎所排放廢氣中氧氣的含量，喷油嘴15 用以提供引擎所需之燃油’油門開度感知器11用以量測油 門開度弓丨擎轉速感知器i 2用以量測引擎轉速，而電子控 制中。20則電連接於含氧感知器丨3、喷油嘴15、油門開度 鲁 感知器1卜及引擎轉速感知器12。 其中，當油門開度大於50%或引擎轉速高於6〇〇〇轉/分 (RPM)亦即引擎位於空燃比不進行修正之開迴路控制區 域，且含氧感知器13之輸出電壓低於0.3V時，電子控制中 心20輸出一控制噴油嘴15增加喷油量之訊號。 請參閱圖5係本發明之開、閉迴路控制區域示意圖，並 並请一併參閱圖4。依圖5之引擎轉速與油門開度之開、閉 迴路控制區域示意圖，就A點而言，因油門開度小於5〇〇/。或 201213653 等於《者也可說因引擎轉速低於或等於細。轉，分 (RPM)’其所圍成之矩形區域内，稱為閉迴路控制區域而 矩形區域外’則稱為開迴路控制區域，習知技術當引擎於 開迴路控制區域運轉時’電子控制中心對喷油量並不作任 何補仏修正’而本貫施例之引擎位於空燃比不進行修正之 P幵 1迴路控制區域運轉時’當含氧感知器13之輸出電壓低於 0.3V時’即稀油狀態時，電子控制中心2〇則輸出一控制喷 :嘴15增加喷油量之訊號，俾避免引擎工作溫度或廢氣溫 度過兩，導致引擎、排氣管、及觸媒轉換器容易燒毀之缺 ‘卜田引擎位於空燃比不進行修正之開迴路控制區 域運轉’而含氧感知器13之輸出電壓高於或等於〇 3v時， 則電子控制中心2〇不輸出控制喷油嘴训加喷油量之來 號，即不修正噴油量H此時引擎之4溫度不會過 高’尚屬正常狀態。 .请參考圖6係本發明一較佳實施例之開迴路控制方法 流程圖’並請-併參閱圖4。本之實施例引擎控制方法包括 有以下步驟：f先’-油門開度感知器η量測-油門開产 之資訊、及-引擎轉速感知器12量測一引擎轉速之資訊， 當油門開度大於50%或引擎轉速高於義轉/分時即表干 引擎位於空燃比不進行修正之開迴路控制區域；接著一 含氧感知器13依其量測引擎廢氣中氧氣的含量而輸出一電 麼之資訊’當該電壓低於〇.3ν時，稀油狀態_，電子控 制中心20輸出-控制喷油嘴15增加嗔油量之訊號俾避: 201213653 引擎工作溫度或廢氣溫度過高，導致引擎、排氣管、及觸 媒轉換器容易燒毁之缺失。 ’ 倘若3氧感知器13之輸出電壓高於或等於時，則 電子控制中心20不輪出控制噴油嘴15增加嘴油量之訊號， 即不修正喷油量。 上述實施例僅係為了方便說明而舉例而已，本發明所 主張之權利範圍自應以申請專利範圍所述為準，而非僅限 於上述貫施例。The engine is operating in the open circuit control area, if it is due to variations in production and manufacturing' or when the internal combustion engine is used for a period of time, the fuel injection system (EFI: Electronic Fuel Injection) parts are degraded (eg, fuel oil is degraded, pressure regulating valve is under pressure) , the nozzle foreign body blockage 'wire degradation, etc., causing insufficient fuel injection 'will cause the air-fuel ratio to be too thin, that is, the thin oil state' and the air-fuel ratio is too thin will have the following disadvantages: (1) engine work Ί High, easy to burn, (2) Exhaust gas temperature is too high, exhaust pipe is easy to burn, (3) Exhaust gas temperature is too high, Catalyst converter (CaUlyst c〇nverter) is easy to burn. Therefore, when the engine is running under the open loop control area, the current basic fuel injection amount established by the experiment does not make any compensation correction method. [Valley makes the engine X too hot" is not conducive to long-term operation of the engine. The durability and the exhaust pipe are also easy to burn, which is not very satisfactory. There are still some reasons for improving the invention. In the spirit of active invention, an engine control system that can solve the above problems is completed to complete the present invention. U goes to the 'several research experiment'. [Inventive content] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide an engine control system and method, which can be powered by the oxygen sensor. ^Open loop control when the voltage is low, that is, when the oil is in the thin oil state, the load is loaded. When the signal is at the working temperature of the bow or the exhaust gas temperature is too high, the oil quantity is corrected, and the loss of the medium converter is easily avoided. To achieve the above objectives, the engine control system of the present invention includes an oxygen sensor for measuring the oxygen content of the exhaust gas emitted by the engine, and one for providing the engine. Fuel injector, - throttle opening sensor for measuring throttle opening, - engine speed sensor for measuring engine speed, and - electrical connection to oxygen sensor, injector, throttle Degree sensor, and electronic control center for engine speed sensor. Among them, when the throttle opening is greater than 50 〇 / 〇 or the engine speed is higher than 6 rev / min (Rev〇luti〇n ~ performance is that the engine is located in the open loop control zone where the air-fuel ratio is not corrected and oxygen-sensing The output voltage of the device is lower than 0. 8. The electronic control center output - signal ' is used to control the fuel injector to increase the fuel injection amount. In addition, the engine of the above engine control system is located in the air-fuel ratio without repairing the road: the area is running, and The output voltage of the oxygen sensor is higher than 5 / V, then the electronic control of the heart* is used to control the fuel injector to increase the fuel injection amount, that is, the fuel injection amount is not corrected. The method also provides a correctable engine fuel injection. The engine control unit includes the following steps: a throttle opening sensor measures information of a throttle opening; an engine speed sensor measures information of an engine speed; - an electric 2 oxygen sensor measures engine exhaust The information of the oxygen content in the output of electricity; and the pressure of the center according to the throttle opening, the engine speed and the power 50% or choose whether to output a signal 'where the throttle opening is greater than the ml speed two _ 〇 Transfer / minute, that is, the engine is located The fuel ratio does not enter the 4 positive open circuit control area operation 'and the oxygen sensor output voltage 201213653 is used to control the electronic control center output - signal when the injector is lower than 0.3V, increase the fuel injection amount. In addition, the above engine control method When the engine is operated in the open loop control area where the air-fuel ratio is not corrected, and the output voltage of the oxygen sensor is higher than or equal to 1.3 v, the electronic control towel does not output the control for controlling the injector to increase the fuel injection. The embodiment of the present invention is a closed loop control system architecture diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. The engine control system for correcting engine fuel injection amount of the present embodiment includes. / by the door opening sensor ii, an engine speed sensor ^ 2, an oxygen sensor 13' - the injector 15 , and - the electronic control center 2 含. The oxygen sensor 13 is used to measure the engine emissions The amount of oxygen in the exhaust gas, the fuel nozzle 15 is used to provide the fuel required by the engine. The throttle opening sensor 11 is used to measure the throttle opening degree. The engine speed sensor i 2 is used to measure the engine speed, and the electronic control in 20 is electrically connected to the oxygen sensor 丨3, the fuel injector 15, the throttle opening degree sensor 1 and the engine speed sensor 12. Among them, when the throttle opening is greater than 50% or the engine speed is higher than 6〇〇〇 The transfer/minute (RPM) means that the engine is located in the open circuit control area where the air-fuel ratio is not corrected, and when the output voltage of the oxygen sensor 13 is lower than 0.3V, the electronic control center 20 outputs a control injector 15 to increase the fuel injection. Please refer to FIG. 5 for a schematic diagram of the open and closed loop control regions of the present invention, and please refer to FIG. 4 together. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the open and closed loop control regions of the engine speed and the throttle opening according to FIG. In terms of point, since the throttle opening is less than 5 〇〇 /. or 201213653 is equal to "the person can also be said that the engine speed is lower than or equal to fine. In the rectangular area enclosed by (RPM), it is called the closed loop control area and the outside of the rectangular area is called the open loop control area. The conventional technology is used when the engine is running in the open loop control area. The center does not make any corrections to the fuel injection amount. The engine of the present embodiment is located when the air-fuel ratio is not corrected in the P幵1 loop control region. When the output voltage of the oxygen sensor 13 is lower than 0.3V. In the thin oil state, the electronic control center 2〇 outputs a control spray: the nozzle 15 increases the fuel injection amount, and avoids the engine operating temperature or the exhaust gas temperature exceeding two, which makes the engine, the exhaust pipe, and the catalytic converter easy. The burned-out 'Butian engine is located in the open loop control area where the air-fuel ratio is not corrected' and the output voltage of the oxygen-containing sensor 13 is higher than or equal to 〇3v, then the electronic control center 2〇 does not output the control injector training Adding the number of injection quantity, that is, not correcting the injection quantity H, the temperature of the engine 4 will not be too high' is still normal. Referring to Figure 6, there is shown a flow chart of an open loop control method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The engine control method of the embodiment includes the following steps: f first '-the throttle opening sensor η measurement - the throttle opening information, and - the engine speed sensor 12 measures the engine speed information, when the throttle opening When the engine speed is higher than 50% or the engine speed is higher than the sense of revolution/minute, the surface engine is located in the open loop control area where the air-fuel ratio is not corrected; then an oxygen sensor 13 outputs an electric quantity according to the oxygen content in the engine exhaust gas. The information 'When the voltage is lower than 〇.3ν, the thin oil state _, the electronic control center 20 output - controls the fuel injector 15 to increase the amount of oil to avoid: 201213653 Engine operating temperature or exhaust gas temperature is too high, resulting in Engines, exhaust pipes, and catalytic converters are prone to burnout. If the output voltage of the 3 oxygen sensor 13 is higher than or equal to, the electronic control center 20 does not rotate the signal for controlling the fuel injector 15 to increase the amount of fuel, that is, the fuel injection amount is not corrected. The above-described embodiments are merely examples for the convenience of the description, and the scope of the claims is intended to be limited to the scope of the claims.
【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係含氧感知器輸出電壓與空燃比之特性曲線。 圖2係空燃比不進行修正之開迴路控制示意圖。 圖3係空燃比進行修正之閉迴路控制示意圖。 圖4係本發明一較佳實施例之閉迴路控制系統架構圖。 圖5係本發明之開、閉迴路控制區域示意圖。 圖6係本發明一較佳實施例之開迴路控制方法流程圖。[Simple description of the diagram] Figure 1 shows the characteristic curve of the output voltage and air-fuel ratio of the oxygen sensor. Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of open circuit control in which the air-fuel ratio is not corrected. Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of closed loop control in which the air-fuel ratio is corrected. 4 is a block diagram of a closed loop control system in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 is a schematic view of the open and closed loop control regions of the present invention. 6 is a flow chart of an open loop control method in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
【主 要元件符號說明】 11 油門開度感知器 12 引擎轉速感知器 13 含氧感知器 15 噴油嘴 20 電子控制中心 91 電子控制中心 92 噴油嘴 93 引擎 94 含氧感知器[Explanation of main component symbols] 11 Throttle opening sensor 12 Engine speed sensor 13 Oxygen sensor 15 Injector 20 Electronic control center 91 Electronic control center 92 Injector 93 Engine 94 Oxygen sensor