201212445 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領威】 [0001] 本發明涉及/種截止型交流故障電流限制電路，尤 指一種於交流電源系統發生短路時有效限制故障電流之 電路。 [0002] ❹ C先前技術] 現在工業配電系統已相當進步，但因機器或線路絕 緣不良、雷擊或開關突波、人為疏失等原因，即使未來 科技再進步，造成的短路故障健無法完全避免。當故 障發生時，會產纽大的短路電流，職賴必須二速 將故障的機器观路隔離，防止短路電流輯流通，減 少電力系統因短路電流造成的設備損傷及停電區域。 [0003] 習知有用斷路裝置（如斷路器或炫絲等）來隔離短路 電流，若短路電流過大，斷路裝置的消弧能力不足益 〇 法完全啟斷祕㈣毅，造_路裝置承受電流 超出負荷㈣熱_; ’嚴重危及用電的本^安全。所以 設計上需先計算各匯流排迴路發生短路故_電流大小 ，以選用足夠消弧能力的斷路裝置。 [0004] 然，隨著上游供電迴路及發電機組的增加和負載用 電迴路的擴充’遂造成既有供電迴路短路的故障電流增 加’悠關到斷路1置和供電設備本身的操作安全，若要 將整體斷路|置汰舊換新於實務上實施困難且投資成本 高；另對於新置供電設備規劃設計，如廣泛採較大容量 的斷路裝置，造成投資成本過高之缺點；—般傳統改善 方式於電源系統中串聯限制故障電流的電感器，但該電 099130835 表單煸號A0101 第3頁/共17頁 0992054085-0 201212445 感器在正$供電過程中會額外造成供電穩定度之問題。 【發明内容】 [0005] [0006] [0007] 099130835 本發明一種戴止型交流故障電流限制電路，係為克 服傳統電源系統中僅使用電感器來限制故障電流，造成 正常運作中會額外產生電盤不穩定之缺點。 因此，本發明之目的，即在提供—電流調整電路， 該電流調整電路包括有至少—正阻抗元件及至少一導通 、路’ 4正阻抗元件串聯設於供電輸入系統與負載輸出 系統m提供正阻抗’該導通迴路並聯設於正阻抗元件 之側’由—開關器及—斷電元件串聯組成；上述之導 效果於供電過程巾不需通過正阻抗 : …' 於整體電源系統發生短路故障產生大電流，可 +斷電7L件因大電流而熔斷截止旁路效果，讓故障電 ^需經正阻抗it件輪出並提供正阻抗值，使供電輸入系 的等效内阻抗增加，達到限制故障黨流之目的，讓斷 、裝置順利隔離短路故障；且於正阻抗元件更並聯數導 、匕路可於排除短路故障後κ導通其—導通迴路的 開關器’讓該導通迴路提供旁路效果。 表單蝙號A0101 本發明之電朗整電路更有另—構造，該導通迴路 1由數導通元件串聯組成，數導通元件皆呈導通狀態可 提供旁路效果，於電流調整電路_有短路故障產生的 電外時’即截止數導通元件的導通狀態只要其一形 成不導通料截止導通迴路料路絲；更可在正阻抗 疋件之—侧麵料通迴路，於排除短路料後再次投 t導通㈣，可避免導_路的單—導通元件導通失 0992054085-0 第4頁/共17頁 201212445 效0 [0008] 本發明在改良現有於電源系統串聯電感器降低故障 電流，卻產生電壓不穩定之問題，利用導通迴路提供旁 路效果，讓供電輸入系統直接供應負載輸出系統的電力 輪出，不會影響供電電壓的穩定度，當發生短路故障產 生的大電流時即自行截止導通迴路的旁路效果，讓故障 電流經正阻抗元件增加等效内阻抗，達到限制短路電流 之目的。 ^ [0009] 本發明為一種截止型交流故障電流限制電路，可於 短路故障時利用截止導通迴路的旁路效果，讓故障電流 經正阻抗元件，使供電輸入系統的等棼内阻抗增加；另 正阻抗元件可數個串聯提供正阻抗值，方便供電輸入系 統依需求調整阻抗值。 [0010] 綜上所述，一種截止型交流故障電流限制電路，具 下列優點： ，’ Ο [0011] u截止導通迴路的旁路效果，搭配正阻抗元件提供的 等效内阻抗可有效限制短路電流，使斷路裝置能確 實的隔離短路事故。 2.可串魏個正阻抗元件，枝供電輸人线作阻抗 值調整。 【實施方式】 _ _參照第』所*，本發明截止型讀故障電流限制 電路係為一電流調整電路1，其包括有. 闺 -正喊，心阻抗元和”設於供電輸 099130835 表單編號Α0101 第5頁/共頁 0992054085-0 201212445 ^統2與負载輸出系統3之間，可提供正阻抗限制短路 電流之功能；該正阻抗元件11可為電感器。 一導通迴路12，該導通迴路12並聯於正阻抗元件u 之—側，該導通迴路12由一開關器121及一斷電元件i22 串聯組成’可提供-旁路絲於供電過財不需通過正 阻抗元件11 ;該斷電元件122可為保險絲。 [0015] 本發明正常運作時，導通迴路12的開關器i2i為導通 狀態’使供電輪人系統2經由導通迴路12的旁路效果供電 至負載輸出系統3，連接於電.調整電路丨_侧的斷電裝 置4亦正常導通供電，不影響供電穩定度；請參照第2圖 所不’然;於負載輸出系統3發生短路時造成電源系统產生 短路電流，該導通迴路！之斷電元件122因短路產生的大 電流而輯戴止旁路效果’讓故障電流需經正阻抗元件 11輸出並提供正阻抗值，使供電輸人系統2的等效内阻抗 增加’達到限制故障電流之目的，讓斷路装置4順利隔離 短路故障’及讓負載輸出系統3内的斷路裝置31隔離故障 的負載32 ’避免短路事故的影響區域擴大而造成長時間 的停電’提高負載輸出系統3的用電安全。請參照第3圖 所不’本實施例之正阻抗元件11可由數個串聯，方便供 電輸入系㈣作阻抗值败；且於錄抗元件丨丨並聯數導 通迴路12可在電源L路故_除後，再:欠導通其一 導通沿路12㈣關H121，讓料通迴路12提供旁路效果 ’讓供電輸人线2供電不該正阻抗元件u。 $玄電流調 請參照第4圖所示，本發明有另一實施例 整電路1包括有： 099130835 表單編號A0101 $ 6頁/共17頁 0992054085-0 [0016]201212445 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Leadership of the Invention] [0001] The present invention relates to a cut-off type AC fault current limiting circuit, and more particularly to a circuit for effectively limiting a fault current when a short circuit occurs in an AC power supply system. [0002] ❹ C Prior Art] Nowadays, industrial power distribution systems have been quite improved. However, due to poor insulation of machines or lines, lightning strikes or switching surges, human error, etc., even if the future technology advances, the short-circuit faults cannot be completely avoided. When a fault occurs, it will produce a short-circuit current of NTU. It is necessary to isolate the faulty machine view at the second speed, prevent the short-circuit current from circulating, and reduce the equipment damage and power-off area caused by the short-circuit current in the power system. [0003] It is known to use a circuit breaking device (such as a circuit breaker or a shimmering wire) to isolate the short-circuit current. If the short-circuit current is too large, the arc-extinguishing capability of the circuit-breaking device is insufficient to fully open the secret (four), and the device is subjected to current. Exceeding the load (4) Heat _; 'This safety is seriously endangered by electricity. Therefore, the design must first calculate the short circuit of each bus circuit, so that the current is large enough to select a circuit breaker with sufficient arc extinguishing capability. [0004] However, with the increase of the upstream power supply circuit and the generator set and the expansion of the load power circuit, the fault current of the short circuit of the power supply circuit is increased, and the operation of the power supply device itself is safe. It is necessary to implement the overall disconnection | to replace the old and replace it with the implementation, and the investment cost is high; and for the planning and design of the new power supply equipment, such as the extensive use of large-capacity circuit breakers, the disadvantage of excessive investment cost; An improved way to limit the fault current of the inductor in the power system, but the 099130835 form nickname A0101 Page 3 of 17 0992054085-0 201212445 The sensor will additionally cause power stability during the power supply process. [0007] [0006] [0007] [0007] 099130835 The present invention is a wear-stop type AC fault current limiting circuit, which overcomes the use of only inductors in conventional power systems to limit the fault current, resulting in additional power generation during normal operation. The disadvantage of disk instability. Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide a current adjustment circuit including at least a positive impedance component and at least one conduction, and a positive impedance component is provided in series with the power supply input system and the load output system m. The impedance 'the conduction loop is arranged in parallel on the side of the positive impedance component' consists of - the switch and the power-off component are connected in series; the above-mentioned guiding effect does not need to pass the positive impedance in the power supply process towel: ...' occurs in the overall power system short-circuit fault High current, can be powered off 7L parts due to large current and cut off the bypass effect, so that the faulty electric power needs to be rotated by the positive impedance it and provide a positive impedance value, so that the equivalent internal impedance of the power supply input system increases, reaching the limit The purpose of the fault party flow is to make the device and the device smoothly isolate the short-circuit fault; and the positive-impedance component is connected in parallel with the number of leads, and the circuit can bypass the switch of the conduction circuit after the short-circuit fault is removed. effect. Form horn No. A0101 The electric grading circuit of the present invention has another structure. The conduction circuit 1 is composed of a series of conduction elements connected in series, and the number of conduction elements are all in a conduction state to provide a bypass effect, and the current adjustment circuit _ has a short circuit fault. The external conduction state of the turn-off number conduction element is as long as it forms a non-conductive material cut-off conduction loop material line wire; more can be used in the positive-impedance element-side material pass-through circuit, and after the short-circuit material is excluded, the conduction is again turned on. (4) It can avoid the single-conducting component conduction loss of the conduction_road 0992054085-0. Page 4/Total 17 page 201212445 Effect 0 [0008] The present invention improves the existing series inductor in the power supply system to reduce the fault current, but generates voltage instability. The problem is that the conduction loop is used to provide the bypass effect, so that the power supply input system directly supplies the power output of the load output system, and does not affect the stability of the power supply voltage. When a large current generated by the short circuit fault occurs, the self-closing current circuit is turned off. The road effect allows the fault current to increase the equivalent internal impedance through the positive impedance component to achieve the purpose of limiting the short circuit current. [0009] The present invention is a cut-off type AC fault current limiting circuit, which can utilize the bypass effect of the cut-off conduction loop in a short-circuit fault, so that the fault current passes through the positive impedance component, so that the internal impedance of the power supply input system increases; Positive impedance components can provide positive impedance values in series, which is convenient for the power supply input system to adjust the impedance value according to requirements. [0010] In summary, a cut-off AC fault current limiting circuit has the following advantages: , ' Ο [0011] u bypassing the bypass loop effect, with the equivalent internal impedance provided by the positive impedance component can effectively limit the short circuit The current allows the circuit breaker to reliably isolate the short circuit accident. 2. It can be used to string a positive impedance component, and the branch power supply input line is used for impedance value adjustment. [Embodiment] _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Α0101 Page 5 / Total Page 0992054085-0 201212445 Between the system 2 and the load output system 3, a positive impedance limiting short circuit current can be provided; the positive impedance element 11 can be an inductor. A conduction loop 12, the conduction loop 12 is connected in parallel to the side of the positive impedance element u. The conduction circuit 12 is composed of a switch 121 and a power-off element i22 connected in series. 'Available-bypass wire is used for power supply without passing through the positive impedance element 11; The component 122 can be a fuse. [0015] In the normal operation of the present invention, the switch i2i of the conduction loop 12 is in an on state, so that the power supply wheelman system 2 is powered to the load output system 3 via the bypass effect of the conduction loop 12, and is connected to the electricity. The power-off device 4 on the side of the adjustment circuit 亦_ is also normally turned on, and does not affect the stability of the power supply; please refer to FIG. 2; if the short circuit occurs in the load output system 3, the power supply system generates a short-circuit current. The power-off element 122 of the conduction circuit has a bypass effect due to the large current generated by the short circuit. 'The fault current needs to be output through the positive impedance element 11 and provides a positive impedance value, so that the equivalent internal impedance of the power input system 2 is increased. 'To achieve the purpose of limiting the fault current, let the circuit breaker 4 smoothly isolate the short-circuit fault' and let the circuit breaker 31 in the load output system 3 isolate the faulty load 32' to avoid the expansion of the affected area of the short-circuit accident and cause a long-term power outage. The power consumption of the output system 3 is safe. Please refer to FIG. 3, the positive impedance element 11 of the present embodiment can be connected in series, and the power supply input system (4) is used as the impedance value; and the recording element is connected in parallel with the number of conduction circuits. 12 can be in the power supply L way _ after the removal, then: under conduction one of the conduction along the road 12 (four) off H121, so that the material through circuit 12 provides a bypass effect 'Let the power supply input line 2 power supply should not be positive impedance element u. Referring to FIG. 4, there is another embodiment of the present invention. The integrated circuit 1 includes: 099130835 Form No. A0101 $6 pages/Total 17 pages 0992054085-0 [0016]
201212445 [0017J 一正阻抗元件11，該正阻抗元件11串聯設於供電輸 入系統2與負载輪出系統3之間，可提供正阻抗限制短路 電流之功能；該正阻抗元件11可為電感器。 [0018] 一導通迴路12 ’該導通迴路12並聯於正阻抗元件η 之—側’該導通迴路12至少有一導通元件123，可提供一 旁路效果於正常供電過程中不需經過正阻抗元件11 ;該 導通元件123可為半導體型開關。 [0019] Ο 本發明另—實施例於正常運作時，該導通元件123為 導通狀態，使供電輸入系統2經由導通迴路12供電至負載 輪出系統3 ;請參照第5圖所示，當於電源系統發生短路 產生短路大電流時，該電流調整電路1偵測有大電流時， 即控制導通元件123為截止導通狀態 ，讓故障電流直接經 由正阻抗兀件11提供正阻抗值使供電輸入系統2的等效内 ❹ 阻抗增加，達到限制故障電流之目的，讓斷路裝置4順利 隔離短路故障’及讓負載輸出系統3内的斷路裝置31隔離 故障的負載32，當拂除短路事故後，即重新投入導通元 件12 3 ’讓供電輸入系統2再次經由導通迴路12正常輸出 供電。上述之運作可有效的限制故障電流，讓斷路裝置4 及斷路裴置31有效發揮隔離短路之功能，以保護整體電 源系統的供電安全。請參照第6圖所示，上述之另一實施 例的導通迴路12可串聯一個以上導通元件丨23，於截jh導 通過私中只要其一形成不導通即可截止導通迴路12的旁 路效果。更可在正阻抗元件之一側並聯數導通迴路12， 再排除短路故障後投入數導通迴路12，以避免導通迴路 12的單一導通元件123失效無法提供旁路效果。 099130835 表單編E A010! 第7頁/共17 S 0995 201212445 [0020] 請參照第7圖所示，本發明另一簡易實施例，係為電 流調整電路1的正阻抗元件11之一側並聯一導通迴路12， 該導通迴路由一斷電元件122提供旁路效果；該斷電元件 122可為保險絲。 【圖式簡單說明】 [0021] 第1圖：係為本發明截止型交流故障電流限制電路單相等 效電路簡圖。 [0022] 第2圖：係為本發明之截止導通迴路圖。 [0023] 第3圖：係為本發明之並聯數導通迴路電路圖。 [0024] 第4圖：係為本發明另 一實施例電路圖。 [0025] 第5圖：係為本發明另 一實施例截止導通元件圖。 [0026] 第6圖：係為本發明另 一實施例並聯數導通迴路電路 [0027] 第7圖：係為本發明另 一簡易實施例電路圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 [0028] 1.電流調整電路 11.正阻抗元件 [0029] 12.導通迴路 1 2 1.開關器 [0030] 122.斷電元件 123.導通元件 [0031] 2.供電輸入糸統 3.負載輸出系統 [0032] 31.斷路裝置 32.負載 [0033] 4.斷路裝置 099130835 表單編號A0101 第8頁/共17頁 0992054085-0201212445 [0017J] A positive impedance element 11, which is provided in series between the power supply input system 2 and the load wheeling system 3, can provide a positive impedance limiting short circuit current; the positive impedance element 11 can be an inductor. [0018] A conduction loop 12 'the conduction loop 12 is connected in parallel to the side of the positive impedance element η'. The conduction loop 12 has at least one conduction component 123, which can provide a bypass effect without passing through the positive impedance component 11 during normal power supply; The conduction element 123 can be a semiconductor type switch. [0019] Another embodiment of the present invention, in normal operation, the conduction element 123 is in an on state, so that the power supply input system 2 is powered to the load wheeling system 3 via the conduction loop 12; please refer to Figure 5, when When the power supply system is short-circuited to generate a short-circuit and large current, when the current adjustment circuit 1 detects a large current, that is, the control conduction element 123 is turned off, the fault current directly supplies a positive impedance value through the positive impedance element 11 to supply the power input system. The equivalent internal ❹ impedance of 2 increases, reaching the purpose of limiting the fault current, allowing the breaking device 4 to smoothly isolate the short-circuit fault' and letting the disconnecting device 31 in the load output system 3 isolate the faulty load 32, when the short-circuit accident is removed, Re-inputting the conduction element 12 3 ' allows the power supply input system 2 to again supply power via the conduction loop 12 again. The above operation can effectively limit the fault current, and the breaking device 4 and the disconnecting device 31 can effectively function as an isolation short circuit to protect the power supply safety of the overall power system. Referring to FIG. 6 , the conduction circuit 12 of another embodiment may be connected in series with one or more conduction elements 丨 23, and the bypass effect of the conduction circuit 12 may be turned off as long as one of them is non-conductive. . The number of conduction loops 12 can be connected in parallel with one side of the positive impedance element, and the number of conduction loops 12 can be input after the short-circuit fault is removed to avoid the failure of the single conduction element 123 of the conduction loop 12 to provide a bypass effect. 099130835 Form E E010! Page 7 of 17 S 0995 201212445 [0020] Referring to FIG. 7, another simple embodiment of the present invention is a side of the positive impedance element 11 of the current adjustment circuit 1 connected in parallel. The turn-on loop 12 is provided with a bypass effect by a power-off element 122; the power-off element 122 can be a fuse. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0021] Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single equivalent circuit of the cut-off type AC fault current limiting circuit of the present invention. [0022] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the turn-off conduction loop of the present invention. [0023] FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a parallel number conduction loop of the present invention. 4 is a circuit diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. [0025] Fig. 5 is a view showing a turn-off conduction element of another embodiment of the present invention. 6 is a parallel number conduction loop circuit according to another embodiment of the present invention. [0027] FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing another simple embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] [0028] 1. Current adjustment circuit 11. Positive impedance element [0029] 12. Conduction circuit 1 2 1. Switch [0030] 122. Power-off element 123. Conduction element [0031] 2. Power supply Input system 3. Load output system [0032] 31. Circuit breaker 32. Load [0033] 4. Circuit breaker 099130835 Form No. A0101 Page 8 of 17 0992054085-0