201143270 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 一種低成本且節能環 本發明係與排油煙機有關，特別是才旨 保之排油煙機及其馬達控制裴置。 【先前技術】 按，排油煙機為每個家庭厨房中必要的基本電器設備，主 要由殼體㈣置的感應馬達㈣域m煙㈣風道抽出 排至戶外’且殼義邊設有操作吨，可提供電源、照明及改 變段速之功能。而傳統排油煙機中，以繞線式轉子之感 結構為例，具有如第-圖所示之轉矩轉速特性，可依列繞 線組形成之負雜性有不同之轉矩_轉速雜曲線；縱使改變 段速之方式為藉由改變繞線組之匝數Ν^Ν2、Ν3以變更負載 特性，然馬達啟動後至正常工作狀態後則趨向於固定之轉'矩_ 電壓工作曲線L，因此無論如何改變段速仍維持於高轉速之工 作範圍。故傳統排油煙機之段速調整僅得就高速及超高速之變 化，卻無法改變高速旋轉的功率消耗，甚至需忍受馬達高轉速 下之噪音。 因此’現有以永久磁鐵構成馬達轉子之直流無刷馬達排油 煙機’可利用固態電子控制功能直接以變頻方式改變馬達定子 繞線組切換接收驅動電源，以改變轉子變換相位之旋轉速度； 由於馬達具有如第二圖所示之轉矩-轉速特性，當改變轉速 時’由馬達於正常工作狀態之轉矩公式對應為T = kn2 (η為 轉速，Τ為轉矩）可知，利用變頻方式使轉速上升，轉矩也會 3 201143270 隨著轉速增加而以平方倍上升 = Τ*η可知依據馬達的輸出功率公式Ρ 則使馬達的^子轉速加倍連同其轉矩增為原來的4倍， 、馬違的輪出功率變為原來的8 功率消耗有立方倍數的減少。 门理’降低轉速則可使 由上述可知，直流變頻無刷馬達式排 對應的節能及減低噪音之優點; 機==速： ii -31 -Λ- β 貝,不愿用上，變頻改變馬達 轉子轉速亦岐變_好控敎切換_ 範圍亦需有對應之固態電子元件心他# I U換頻羊 ¥千件的開關切換頻率，當然對應為 不同之讀I程技術，因此實際能切換的頻率範圍受限於元件 特性，當然反應至對應之元件成本。 有鑑於此，本案發明人致力於以節能環保省電等兼顧之因 素下’期能以最低的成本需求有效的控制馬達轉速，實際對排 油煙機有最佳的驅動效能。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的在於提供一種排油煙機及其馬達控制 裝置’係以低成本之馬達控制裝置驅動馬達旋#，使排油煙機 具有節能環保省電之功能。 為達成上述目的，本發明所提供一種排油煙機之馬達控制 裝置，包含有一煙霧感測器、一位置感測器、一主控制器及一 轉換電路，其中，該煙霧感測器用以感應上述排油煙機之一排 油煙管所通過的油煙量，並產生對應油煙量之一類比訊號；該 位置感測器用以感應上述馬達之一轉子之旋轉角度，並產生馬 達旋轉至多數角度上所分別對應之多數電位訊號；該主控制器 4 201143270 具有一第 第二接收端組及一驅動端組，該第—及第二接 收端組分別電性連接該煙霧感測器及位置感測器，以分別接收 該類比訊號及電位訊號，該主控制器具有可程式化之一脈波寬 度調變訊號，係依據該類比訊號之大小調整該脈波寬度調變訊 號之責任週期，以及對應該等電位訊號之輸出時序將該脈波寬 度調變訊號轉換為多數驅動訊號自該驅動端組輸出；該轉換電 路電性連接違主控制器之驅動端組及上述馬達，該轉換電路係 由時序相互重疊之二該驅動訊號觸發以將一驅動電源與該馬 達導通。 且’上述馬達控制裝置於所述排油煙機之油煙量增大時， 该主控制器係以固定該脈波寬度調變訊號之頻率條件下對應 该類比訊號增加責任週期，使增加馬達於該等旋轉角度之間與 驅動電源所導通之時間。 且，上述馬達控制裝置中，該煙霧感測器更具有一發光元 件及光電導體’係相對設置於上述排油煙管之管壁，該排油 煙官所排出之油煙係通過該發光元件及光電導體之間。該主控 制益更可電性連接一具有固定電阻值之負載元件，且該負載元 件電性連接該煙霧感測器之光電導體，該負載元件兩端所形成 之負載電壓即為該第一類比訊號。該光電導體係以光敏電阻 斤製成，该馬達控制裝置更具有一直流電壓用以驅動該發光元 牛I光’並設於該負載元件及該光電導體之串聯迴路上。 且’上述馬達控制裝置中，該轉換電路更具多數相互並接 之半橋電路，各該半橋電路之一輸出端組電性連接所述馬達， 相互重豐之二該驅動訊號分別用以觸發二該半橋電路將該驅 201143270 動電源與該馬達導通。該轉換電路更具有一緩衝器，電性連接 該主控制器之驅動端組及各該半橋電路之二輸入端組，該緩衝 器將該等驅動訊號分別升壓轉換為多數觸發訊號，相互重疊之 二該觸發訊號分別用以驅動二該半橋電路導通運作。 因此，所述馬達控制裝置中，係以主控制器同時接收油煙 量感測之類比訊號及馬達位置感測之電位訊號，因而產生驅動 訊號用以控制馬達接收驅動電源。 马達成上述 馬達、一煙霧感測器以及一主控制器，其中，該馬達於單圈旋 轉方向上設有多數繞線組，該等繞線組之間係間隔相同之一方 向角，δ亥煙霧感測器用以產生對應油煙量之一類比訊號；該主 控制器電性連接該煙霧感測器以接收該類比訊號，該主控制器 具有可程式化之-脈波寬度調變訊號，係域賴比訊^之^ 小調整該脈波寬度調變訊號之責任週期，該馬達於單周旋轉所 對應之多數妨向角上，該主控制器具有分別對應輸出之多數 驅$訊號，各職動訊號與該脈波寬度觸訊號為相同之 發貝2期，5亥主控制益係以時序相互重疊之二該驅動訊號觸 發-驅動電源無馬達之二職線轉通。 觸 ★亥二f述排油煙機中，更有一位置感測器’設於該馬達之 之間’係感應該馬達單周所旋轉之方向角，並產生 多數電位訊號至該主控制器，該主控制 產生 為對應該等電位簡於° °皮寬度調變訊號 該驅動訊號。 轉該方向麟轉換輸出二 且’上述排油煙機之油煙量增大時，該主控制器係以固定 201143270 該脈波寬度t賤城之解料τ對應鋪比㈣增加貴任 週期，使增加馬達於該等旋轉角度之間與驅動電源所導通之時 間。 因此’所述排油煙機細主控制器接收油煙量感測之類比 訊號，並依據_比訊號之大小調整所產生驅動訊號之責任週 期以控制馬達接收驅動電源之導通時間，因此可以低成本且有 效的控制馬達旋轉’使排油煙機具有節能環保省電之功能。 【實施方式】 為了詳細說明本發明之結構、特徵及功效所在，兹舉以下 較佳實施例並配合圖式說明如後，其中： 第二圖為本發明所提供最佳實施例之裝置示意圖；201143270 VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] A low-cost and energy-saving ring The present invention relates to an exhaust hood, in particular to an exhaust hood and a motor control device thereof. [Prior Art] According to the exhaust hood, it is the basic electrical equipment necessary for each household kitchen. It is mainly used by the induction motor (4) of the casing (4). The m-smoke (four) air duct is taken out to the outside and the housing is operated by the shell. It can provide power, lighting and change the speed of the segment. In the conventional range hood, the sensible structure of the wound rotor is taken as an example, and has the torque rotation speed characteristic as shown in the first figure, and the negative noise formed by the winding group may have different torques. The curve is changed by changing the number of turns of the winding group Ν^Ν2, Ν3 to change the load characteristics, and then after the motor starts to the normal working state, it tends to a fixed turn 'moment _ voltage working curve L Therefore, the segment speed is maintained at a high speed range regardless of the speed. Therefore, the speed adjustment of the conventional range hood has only changed with high speed and super high speed, but it cannot change the power consumption of high-speed rotation, and even endure the noise of the motor at high speed. Therefore, 'the existing DC brushless motor hood with permanent magnets constitutes the motor rotor' can use the solid-state electronic control function to directly change the motor stator winding group to switch the receiving drive power in order to change the rotational speed of the rotor transformation phase; It has the torque-speed characteristic as shown in the second figure. When the speed is changed, the torque formula of the motor in the normal working state corresponds to T = kn2 (η is the speed, Τ is the torque). As the speed increases, the torque will also be 3 201143270. As the speed increases, it will increase by square times. Τ*η It can be seen that the motor's output power formula Ρ doubles the motor's speed and increases its torque by 4 times. The horse's turn-off power has changed to the original 8 power consumption with a cubic multiple reduction. The door's lowering speed can make the above-mentioned advantages of the DC variable frequency brushless motor type corresponding to energy saving and noise reduction; Machine == speed: ii -31 -Λ- β shell, unwilling to use, frequency change motor Rotor speed is also changing _ good control 敎 switching _ range also needs to correspond to the solid electronic components heart # IU frequency change sheep ¥ thousand switching switching frequency, of course, corresponding to different reading I process technology, so the actual switch The frequency range is limited by the component characteristics and of course to the corresponding component cost. In view of this, the inventor of the present invention is committed to energy-saving, environmentally-friendly, and other factors, and can effectively control the motor speed at the lowest cost, and has the best driving performance for the range hood. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a range hood and a motor control device thereof that drive a motor rotation # with a low-cost motor control device, so that the range hood has the functions of energy saving, environmental protection and power saving. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a motor control device for a range hood, comprising a smoke sensor, a position sensor, a main controller and a conversion circuit, wherein the smoke sensor is used to sense the above The amount of soot passing through the exhaust pipe of one of the range hoods, and generating an analog signal corresponding to the amount of soot; the position sensor is used to sense the rotation angle of one of the rotors of the motor, and the motor is rotated to a plurality of angles respectively Corresponding to the majority of the potential signals; the main controller 4 201143270 has a second receiving end group and a driving end group, the first and second receiving end groups are electrically connected to the smoke sensor and the position sensor respectively. To receive the analog signal and the potential signal respectively, the main controller has a programmable pulse width modulation signal, and adjusts the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal according to the size of the analog signal, and correspondingly waits for The output timing of the potential signal converts the pulse width modulation signal into a majority of the driving signal output from the driving end group; the conversion circuit is electrically disconnected The driving terminal group of the main controller and the motor, the conversion circuit is triggered by the driving signals overlapped by the timings to turn on a driving power source and the motor. And [the above-mentioned motor control device increases the amount of soot in the range hood, the main controller increases the duty cycle corresponding to the analog signal under the frequency condition of fixing the pulse width modulation signal, so that the motor is added to the The time between the rotation angle and the driving power source. In the above motor control device, the smoke sensor further has a light-emitting element and a photoconductor disposed opposite to the wall of the oil drain pipe, and the oil smoke discharged by the oil discharge pipe passes through the light-emitting element and the photoconductor. between. The main control device is electrically connected to a load component having a fixed resistance value, and the load component is electrically connected to the photoconductor of the smoke sensor, and the load voltage formed at both ends of the load component is the first analogy Signal. The photoconductive system is made of a photoresistor, and the motor control device further has a DC voltage for driving the light-emitting element and is disposed on the series circuit of the load element and the photoconductor. In the above-mentioned motor control device, the conversion circuit has a plurality of half-bridge circuits which are mutually connected to each other, and one of the output terminals of each of the half-bridge circuits is electrically connected to the motor, and the driving signals are used for each other. Triggering the half-bridge circuit turns the driver 201143270 power supply on with the motor. The conversion circuit further has a buffer electrically connected to the driving terminal group of the main controller and the two input terminal groups of each of the half bridge circuits, and the buffer respectively boosts and converts the driving signals into a plurality of trigger signals, and mutually The two overlapping signals are used to drive the two half-bridge circuits to operate. Therefore, in the motor control device, the main controller simultaneously receives the analog signal of the soot amount sensing and the potential signal sensed by the motor position, thereby generating a driving signal for controlling the motor to receive the driving power. The horse reaches the motor, a smoke sensor and a main controller, wherein the motor is provided with a plurality of winding groups in a single rotation direction, and the winding groups are separated by one of the same direction angles, The smoke sensor is configured to generate an analog signal corresponding to the amount of soot; the main controller is electrically connected to the smoke sensor to receive the analog signal, and the main controller has a programmable pulse width modulation signal. The domain is adjusted to the duty cycle of the pulse width modulation signal. The motor has a majority of the corresponding angles corresponding to the output of the single-cycle rotation. The occupational signal is the same as the pulse width touch signal. The 5th main control benefit is triggered by the timing of the driving signal-driver-powered motor-free second-line turn-around. In the hood of the hood, there is a position sensor 'located between the motors' that senses the direction of rotation of the motor in one revolution and generates a plurality of potential signals to the main controller. The main control is generated as the drive signal corresponding to the equipotential simplification of the ° Width modulation signal. When the direction of the lining conversion output is 2 and the amount of soot in the above-mentioned range hood is increased, the main controller is fixed to 201143270. The pulse width t 贱 city's solution τ corresponds to the shop ratio (4) to increase the noble period, so as to increase The time during which the motor is electrically connected to the driving power source between the rotation angles. Therefore, the thin main controller of the range hood receives the analog signal of the soot amount sensing, and adjusts the duty cycle of the generated driving signal according to the size of the signal to control the on-time of the motor receiving the driving power, so that it can be low cost and effective The control motor rotates 'to make the range hood have the function of energy saving, environmental protection and power saving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to explain the structure, features and advantages of the present invention in detail, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the invention
At _ f四圖為上述最佳實施綱提供馬達控難置之電路功 月不意圖； 第五圖為上述最佳實施例所提供煙霧感測器之 電路結構示意圖； 應用 第六圖為上述最佳實關所提供驅動電源對應於馬 、，旋轉之各角度下之導通切換示意圖； ^七®為上述最佳實_所提供馬達控織置之電路結 構不意圖； 第八圖為上述最佳實闕所提供於馬達單職轉方向上 之不同角度'應之六步方波驅動示意圖。 第一及第四圖所不，為本發明最佳實施例所提供 之一排油煙機1，且古 π ό " 具有—風扇10、一馬達20設於風扇10之— 201143270 輪軸12以帶動風扇ι〇祐 梦署祁轉’以及如第四㈣示之—馬達控制 裝置3〇,絲達控缝置30包減-直流電源32、至少一電 源電路34、-煙霧感測器4〇、一位置感測器％ 60及一轉換電路70。甘+ ^ f 3〇 'π^Ρίτ^ 、，該直流電源32係提供馬達控制裝 運作所4，並由該電源電路34將該直流電源32轉 該馬達控縣置3G巾各驗… 各種電路兀件所鴻的操作電源，如本實 歹|所提供者可為用以驅動該煙霧感測器 一第一電源電路342’以及用以驅動該轉換電路7()之第二^ 源電路344，雜霧感測器*設於排油煙機1之—出風口 μ 所接設之—排油煙管16内壁，該位置感測器50設於該馬達20 上’ 5亥主控制益60及轉換電路7〇設於與馬達％鄰近之一驅 電路板36 _L u下更針對該排油煙機丨之結構及功能 特性作進一步描述： 該馬達2〇係為感應式馬達製成，馬達20之-轉子22為 水久磁鐵，多數繞線組24繞於—定子26上構成電樞。馬達2〇 可依定子26繞線，组24種類分為二相、三相及五相驅動等，當 然’若以本發明提供之三相無刷馬達為例，職供三個繞線組 24形成多種兩兩相接之導通迴路，使馬達Μ之單駿轉區分 為三個相角之驅動。該等繞線組24接設至該驅動電路板36 上，與該馬達控制裝置30之轉換電路7〇電性連接； 因而馬達 2〇在驅動上’係透過由馬達控制裝置3〇之轉換電路7〇將一驅 動電源Vd㈣科通迴路輸人各該繞線組μ，使該等繞線組 24接收驅動電源Vd之順序造成轉子22沿特定轉向上依序受 各繞線組24於定子26產生之感應磁場吸引而持續旋轉。 201143270 該煙霧感測器40為相對設置之一發光元件42及一光電導 體44,使經該出風口 12所排出之油煙通過該發光元件42及光 電導體44之間；煙霧感測器40接設至該驅動電路板36上， 與該馬達控制裝置30之主控制器60電性連接，由該主控制器 60感測該光電導體44透過油煙接收發光元件42之光強度所引 致之導通電流，因而有對應之類比訊號ac輸出至該主控制器 60。當然，本發明所提供由該主控制器6〇感測該煙霧感測器 4〇輸出之類比訊號ac種類，除了為光電導體44直接輸出之導 通電流，亦可如第五圖所示於該主控制器6〇電性連接一具有 固定電阻值之負載元件46，且該負載元件46電性連接該光電 導體44 ;若該光電導體34如本實關所提供之以光敏電阻所 製成，則可使經第-電源電路342轉換為提供該主控制器6〇 操作之-直流電壓48施加於負載元件46及該光電導體44之 串聯迴路上’以於邊負載元件46產生—負載電壓，同樣為由 該主控制⑽感測接收之贼職ae。換言之，當排油煙機 之油煙量增大時’該煙霧感測請之光電導體44所接收發 光元件42之綠度減弱，縣妓應的電訊號強度亦較低； 以第五圖所例舉之感财式為例，由於光電導體44之光敏電 特!·生i曰大之油煙里使其電性傳導能力降低致使電阻增加， 因而與該負載元件46組成之串聯迴路上，該負載元件46之分 堅降低目而使β亥主控制器6〇所接收之分壓電位即為降低的 類比訊號ac。 該位置感測器50係對應該馬達2〇之繞線組以所設置， 此以本實k例所提供之二相無刷馬達為例，該位置感測器$ 〇 201143270 為以三組霍爾元件所構成，各霍爾元件設於相鄰之繞線組24 之間，且可於馬達20轉子22周圍呈等角分佈；故可將轉子22 角度由360度分為六個不同的區間’使各該霍爾元件受轉子22 磁場感應而產生感應電動勢emf ’因而達到感測馬達2〇轉子 22位置的作用’且產生具有對應之電位訊號uh輸入該主控制 器60。 該主控制器60電性連接該煙霧感測器4〇以接收光電導體 44對應導通之類比訊號ac，且電性連接該位置感測器5〇以接 收霍爾元件產生之電位訊號Uh ;該主控制器6〇具有可程式化 之一脈波寬度調變（PWM)訊號，係依據該類比訊號ac之大 小調整s亥脈波寬度調變訊號之責任週期，以及對應該等電位訊 唬Uh之時序將該脈波寬度調變訊號轉換為多數驅動訊號ud 輸出至垓轉換電路7〇’以驅動該轉換電路7〇將馬達2〇之繞線 、、且24升々成多數與驅動電源導通之導通迴路。因此，當排油 煙機1之油煙量增大時，由於該主控制器60所接收的類比訊 號ac降低，該主控制器60則以固定該脈波寬度調變訊號之頻 率條件下增加其責任週期，因而增加驅動訊號將馬達 繞線.且24與驅動電源vd導通之責任週期；若以本實施例所提 ，之一相無刷馬達為例，馬達20各繞線組24於馬達20連續 =轉之各角度Θ下所接收之驅動電源·、Vd2、W3即如第 、圖所不’具有對應增加的貴任週期，使該馬達於單周旋 轉内所導通接收該驅動電源VcH、讀、屬之時間越長，亦 即增加馬達旋轉一周所接收之平均電壓。 為轉換電路7G具有-緩衝器72以及—全橋式轉換器74, 201143270 緩衝器72電性連接該主控制器6〇以接收該等驅動訊號加， 用以將該等._訊號加分別升壓轉換為多數觸發訊號以驅動 5玄全橋式*轉換器74導通運作，使馬達20接收驅動電源Vd得 以運轉，右該主控制器6〇所輸出驅動訊號ud之電位則足以 發齡橋式轉換H 74之開關元件導通，則本實_所例舉之 緩衝器72當然可省略，冊具有本發明所欲達成之功效因 而不在此限。至於該全橋式轉換器74之電路組成，係對應馬 達20之驅動相位有所不同；若以如第七圖所示本發明所提供 馬達控制裝置30應用於4(u_v_w)直流無刷馬達2〇，為例， 該全橋式㈣H 74由三_互並接之半橋電路所構成，各該 半橋電路可由PM〇S_N则（正賴關電晶體_負型開關電^ 體）組合之上推下拉開關所組成，至於各種可作為等效數位 開關電路之半導體卩元件及其組合皆具有本發明所欲達成 之功效，因而不再贅述。各該半橋電路之二輸人端組SW1卜 =W12 (SW2卜SW22及SW3卜SW32)分別電性連接該緩衝 器72之二觸發端組su、S12 (S21、S22及幻卜s32)，該等 觸毛1.且811 ' S12、S21、S22、S31、S32所輸出之觸發訊號 饥即為將該主控制器6〇之多數驅動端組pu、pi2 p2bp22、 P3卜P32所輸出驅動訊號ud之對應升壓電位，且上推開關 (PMOS)以其輸入端組SW11、^2卜SW31接收低邏輯準 位的觸發訊號m導通運作’下拉開關（NMQS)以其輸入端 組SW12、SW22、SW32接收高邏輯準位的觸發訊號饥導通 運作；各該半橋電路之-輸出端組〇卜〇2、〇3分別電性連接 馬達20各相繞線組u、V、W以輸出驅動電源vd。 201143270 因此，該馬達控制裝置30以上述第五圖所示之負載元件 46所產生分壓電位之類比訊號ac輸入該主控制器的之一第 接收端組Vin，以及以三組霍爾元件A、B、C所產生之電位吒 號Uh輸入該主控制器60之各第二接收端組M、h2、氾，2 馬達20’之驅動旋轉即為以如第人圖所示，於單周旋轉方向^ 之不同角度Θ對應之六步方波驅動法；其中，每—個區間為的 度，對應為馬達20’旋轉方向上該等繞線組u、v、*之間所 間隔的方向角’在三相繞線組U、v、w中同時只有二相触 導通，亦即該全橋式轉換器74接收之觸發訊號以為於馬達單 一方向角所對應相互重疊之二有效邏輯準位分別觸發並中一 該半橋電狀上推_ (PM〇s)以及另—半㈣路之； 關⑽0S)，因而於上推開關（PM〇S)之輸出端組〇1 (或 〇2、〇3)對應輸出該驅動電源Vd以導通至該馬達之 (或 V、W)。 'At _ f four diagrams for the above-mentioned best implementation of the circuit is not intended to provide motor control difficulties; the fifth diagram is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the smoke sensor provided in the above preferred embodiment; The driving power supply provided by Jiashiguan corresponds to the switching of the motor and the rotation angles at various angles; ^7® is not intended for the circuit structure of the motor control weaving provided above; The six-step square wave drive diagram of the different angles provided by the actual motor in the direction of the motor single-turn. In the first and fourth figures, a range hood 1 is provided for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and an ancient π ό " has a fan 10, a motor 20 is provided in the fan 10 - 201143270 axle 12 to drive The fan 〇 〇 梦 梦 ' ' and the motor control device 3 如 第四 第四 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达 马达A position sensor % 60 and a conversion circuit 70.甘+^f 3〇'π^Ρίτ^, the DC power supply 32 is provided with a motor control device 4, and the power supply circuit 34 converts the DC power source 32 to the motor control county for 3G towels. The operation power supply of the device, such as the present embodiment, may be a first power circuit 342' for driving the smoke sensor and a second source circuit 344 for driving the conversion circuit 7(). , the mist sensor * is arranged in the exhaust hood 1 - the air outlet μ is connected to the inner wall of the exhaust pipe 16 , the position sensor 50 is arranged on the motor 20 ' 5 Hai main control benefit 60 and conversion The circuit 7 is further disposed on the drive circuit board 36_L u adjacent to the motor % for further description of the structure and functional characteristics of the range hood: the motor 2 is made of an inductive motor, and the motor 20- The rotor 22 is a water-long magnet, and a plurality of winding assemblies 24 are wound around the stator 26 to form an armature. The motor 2〇 can be wound according to the stator 26, and the group 24 is divided into two-phase, three-phase and five-phase driving, etc., of course, if the three-phase brushless motor provided by the present invention is taken as an example, three winding groups 24 are provided for the purpose. A plurality of conduction circuits of two and two phases are formed, so that the single turn of the motor is divided into three phase angle drives. The winding group 24 is connected to the driving circuit board 36, and is electrically connected to the conversion circuit 7 of the motor control device 30. Therefore, the motor 2 is driven to pass through the conversion circuit of the motor control device 3. 7〇, a driving power supply Vd (four) Coton circuit inputs each of the winding groups μ, and the order of the winding groups 24 receiving the driving power supply Vd causes the rotor 22 to be sequentially received by the winding groups 24 on the stator 26 along a specific steering. The induced magnetic field generated attracts and continues to rotate. 201143270 The smoke sensor 40 is oppositely disposed with one of the light-emitting elements 42 and a photoconductor 44, so that the soot discharged through the air outlet 12 passes between the light-emitting element 42 and the photoconductor 44; the smoke sensor 40 is connected The main circuit controller 60 of the motor control device 30 is electrically connected to the driving circuit board 36, and the main controller 60 senses the conduction current caused by the light intensity of the photoconductor 44 passing through the soot receiving light-emitting element 42. Therefore, a corresponding analog signal ac is output to the main controller 60. Of course, the analog signal ac of the output of the smoke sensor 4 is sensed by the main controller 6 ,, except for the direct current outputted by the photoconductor 44, as shown in the fifth figure. The main controller 6 is electrically connected to a load component 46 having a fixed resistance value, and the load component 46 is electrically connected to the photoconductor 44. If the photoconductor 34 is made of a photoresistor as provided by the actual control, Then, the DC-power circuit 342 can be converted to provide the main controller 6 - operation - a DC voltage 48 is applied to the series circuit of the load element 46 and the photoconductor 44 to generate a load voltage with the load element 46. Also the thief ae received by the master control (10). In other words, when the amount of soot in the range hood is increased, the greenness of the light-emitting element 42 received by the photo-conductor 44 of the smoke sensing is weakened, and the electric signal strength of the county is also low; For example, the photosensitive element is a photo-electrical conductor 44. The photosensitive element of the photoconductor 44 has a reduced electrical conductivity and an increase in electrical resistance, so that the load element is connected to the load circuit 46. The difference of 46 points is such that the divided piezoelectric position received by the beta master controller 6 is the reduced analog signal ac. The position sensor 50 is disposed corresponding to the winding group of the motor 2〇, which is exemplified by the two-phase brushless motor provided in the present example, the position sensor $ 〇201143270 is divided into three groups. The elements are formed, and the Hall elements are disposed between adjacent winding groups 24 and are equiangularly distributed around the rotor 22 of the motor 20; therefore, the angle of the rotor 22 can be divided into six different intervals from 360 degrees. The respective Hall elements are induced by the magnetic field of the rotor 22 to generate an induced electromotive force emf 'to thereby sense the position of the motor 2 〇 rotor 22' and generate a corresponding potential signal uh for input to the main controller 60. The main controller 60 is electrically connected to the smoke sensor 4 to receive the analog signal ac corresponding to the photoconductor 44, and is electrically connected to the position sensor 5 to receive the potential signal Uh generated by the Hall element; The main controller 6 has a programmable pulse width modulation (PWM) signal, and adjusts the duty cycle of the sigma pulse width modulation signal according to the size of the analog signal ac, and corresponding to the equipotential signal Uh The timing converts the pulse width modulation signal into a majority of the driving signal ud output to the conversion circuit 7〇' to drive the conversion circuit 7 to wind the motor 2〇, and the 24 liters are turned into a majority and the driving power source is turned on. The conduction loop. Therefore, when the amount of soot in the range hood 1 is increased, since the analog signal ac received by the main controller 60 is lowered, the main controller 60 increases its responsibility by fixing the frequency of the pulse width modulation signal. The cycle, thus increasing the duty cycle of the drive signal to drive the motor. And 24 and the drive power supply vd; if one of the phase brushless motors is taken as an example in this embodiment, the windings 24 of the motor 20 are continuous to the motor 20 = The drive power supply, Vd2, and W3 that are received at various angles have the corresponding increase of the duty cycle, so that the motor is turned on and receives the drive power VcH and read in a single rotation. The longer the genus is, the more the average voltage received by the motor is increased by one revolution. For the conversion circuit 7G, there is a buffer 72 and a full bridge converter 74, and the 201143270 buffer 72 is electrically connected to the main controller 6 to receive the driving signals for adding the . The boost is converted into a majority of the trigger signal to drive the 5 mysterious full-bridge* converter 74 to be turned on, so that the motor 20 receives the driving power supply Vd, and the potential of the output driving signal ud of the main controller 6〇 is sufficient for the age bridge. The switching element of the conversion H 74 is turned on, and the buffer 72 exemplified in the present invention can of course be omitted, and the book has the effect that the present invention intends to achieve, and thus is not limited thereto. As for the circuit composition of the full bridge converter 74, the driving phase of the motor 20 is different; if the motor control device 30 provided by the present invention as shown in the seventh figure is applied to the 4 (u_v_w) DC brushless motor 2 〇, for example, the full-bridge type (four) H 74 is composed of three-phase parallel-connected half-bridge circuits, and each of the half-bridge circuits can be combined by PM 〇 S_N (depending on the off-cell _ negative-type switch) The push-up pull-down switch is composed. As for the semiconductor 卩 components and combinations thereof which can be used as the equivalent digital switch circuit, the effects of the present invention are achieved, and thus will not be described again. The two input end groups SW1 = W12 (SW2, SW22, and SW3, SW32) of each of the half bridge circuits are electrically connected to the triggering end groups su, S12 (S21, S22, and phantom s32) of the buffer 72, respectively. The trigger signals outputted by the 119 'S12, S21, S22, S31, and S32 are the driving signals output by the majority of the driving end groups pu, pi2, p2bp22, P3, and P32 of the main controller 6 The corresponding boosting potential of ud, and the push-up switch (PMOS) receives the low logic level trigger signal m with its input terminal group SW11, ^2, SW31, and the operation pull-down switch (NMQS) with its input group SW12, SW22 The SW32 receives the trigger signal of the high logic level; the output group of each of the half bridge circuits is electrically connected to the motor group 20, and the phase winding groups u, V, W are respectively driven by the output. Power vd. 201143270 Therefore, the motor control device 30 inputs the first receiving end group Vin of the main controller with the analog signal ac generated by the load component 46 shown in the fifth figure, and the three sets of Hall elements. The potential apostrophes Uh generated by A, B, and C are input to the second receiving end groups M, h2, and 2 of the main controller 60, and the driving rotation of the 2 motor 20' is as shown in the first figure. The six-step square wave driving method corresponding to different angles 周 of the circumferential direction of rotation ^; wherein the degree of each interval is corresponding to the interval between the winding groups u, v, * in the direction of rotation of the motor 20' In the three-phase winding group U, v, w, only the two-phase contact is turned on, that is, the trigger signal received by the full-bridge converter 74 is considered to be two effective logic standards corresponding to the single direction angle of the motor. The bits respectively trigger and the middle half of the half-bridge is electrically pushed up _ (PM〇s) and the other half (four) way; off (10)0S), thus the output group 〇1 of the push-up switch (PM〇S) (or 〇 2. 〇 3) correspondingly output the driving power source Vd to conduct to the motor (or V, W). '
邊馬達控制裝置30之另—姓A ^ ^ ^ 之另特色在於，使該主控制器60輸 出之驅動訊號ud維持轉換雷故7Λ々 得換電路7 〇之開關電晶體之切換頻率 變’故驅動電源Vd盥巧；查+措、2 士 > ^ ^馬達之導通時序之頻率同樣不變；一旦 排油煙機1之油煙量改變時，— ’煙霧感測态40所輸出類比訊號 ac ik之改變，該主控制考如口 _ vr_ ° ，、要以第一接收端組Vin接收之 負载兀件46分壓電位*儿上田紗^ ^ €位大小调整PWM訊號之責任週期，即可 使驅動訊號ud之責任週期 M , ^ ^ 對應改變。且油煙量越大則驅動訊 遽Ud為越大之責任週期， 該驅動電狀馬料其單職騎導通接收 '、、 長，亦即增加馬達單周旋轉所接收之平@ 電壓；由於依據馬達的“ a + n㈣曙R十吟 輸出功率公式P = ρκη = V*I (η為轉 201143270 速’ T為負載轉矩’ V、I分別為提供馬達定子線圈之驅動電壓、 電流）可知，馬達接收驅動電源之平均電壓與功率消耗成線性 關係，亦與轉速及負載轉矩之乘積成線性關係，因此依據馬達 之轉矩公式T = kn2則可有對應之馬達轉速改變，有效控制馬 達之功率消耗及產生對應之轉速。 综上所陳，本發明所提供的排油煙機1及其馬達控制裝置 30 ’係以主控制器6〇 @時接㈣煙量感測之類比訊號狀及馬 達位置感測之電位喊uh，因喊生_訊號加用以控制馬 達接收驅動電源Vd ’且用以接收驅動訊號ud之轉換電路％ ，需以高成本的固態電子開關元件組成，因此可以低成本且有 效的控制馬達旋轉，使排紐機具有節能環保省電之功能。 【圖式簡單說明】 、第—圖為習用排油煙機的繞線式轉子之感應馬達之轉矩· 轉速特性曲線； 第二圖為直流無刷馬達之轉矩-轉速特性曲線； 第三圖為本發明所提供最佳實施例之裝置示意圖； 能示為上述最佳實施例所提供馬達控制裝置之電路功 第五圖為上述最佳實施例所提供煙霧感測器之另一應用 略結構示意圖；Another feature of the side motor control device 30 is that the drive signal ud outputted by the main controller 60 maintains the switching frequency of the switching transistor 7 and the switching frequency of the switching transistor is changed. The driving power supply Vd is smart; the frequency of the motor is turned on; the frequency of the motor's conduction timing is also the same; once the amount of soot in the range hood 1 is changed, the 'smoke sensing state 40 outputs the analog signal ac ik The change, the main control test is like _ vr_ ° , and the duty cycle of the PWM signal is adjusted by the load component 46 received by the first receiving end group Vin, and the duty cycle of the PWM signal is adjusted. The duty cycle M, ^ ^ of the drive signal ud is changed accordingly. Moreover, the larger the amount of soot is, the larger the duty cycle of the driving signal Ud is. The driving electric horse is controlled to receive the ', long, that is, the flat voltage received by the motor for one revolution; " a + n (four) 曙 R 吟 吟 output power formula of the motor P = ρκη = V * I (η is the turn of 201143270 speed 'T is the load torque' V, I is the drive voltage and current of the motor stator coil respectively) The average voltage of the motor receiving drive power is linearly related to the power consumption, and is also linearly related to the product of the rotational speed and the load torque. Therefore, according to the torque formula of the motor T = kn2, the corresponding motor speed can be changed, and the motor is effectively controlled. The power consumption and the corresponding rotational speed are generated. In summary, the exhaust hood 1 and the motor control device 30' thereof provided by the present invention are connected to the main controller 6〇@时(4), the analog signal shape and the motor position. The sensing potential is called uh, because the signal is added to control the motor receiving driving power supply Vd' and the conversion circuit for receiving the driving signal ud is required to be composed of high-cost solid-state electronic switching elements. It can control the motor rotation at low cost and effectively, so that the row discharge machine has the function of energy saving, environmental protection and power saving. [Simple diagram of the drawing], the picture shows the torque of the induction motor of the wound rotor of the conventional range hood. The second graph is a torque-speed characteristic curve of a DC brushless motor; the third diagram is a schematic diagram of a device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and the circuit of the motor control device provided by the above preferred embodiment The fifth figure is a schematic diagram of another application of the smoke sensor provided by the above preferred embodiment;
^ 圖為上述最佳實施韻提供驅動電源對應於馬達連 疋轉之各角度下之導通切換示意圖； 第七圖為上述最佳實施例所提供馬達控制裝置之電路結 201143270 構不意圖， 第八圖為上述最佳實施例所提供於馬達單周旋轉方向上 之不同角度0對應之六步方波驅動示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1排油煙機 10風扇 12輪軸 14出風口 16排油煙管 20、20’馬達 22轉子 24、U、V、W繞線組 26定子 30馬達控制裝置 32直流電源 34電源電路 342第一電源電路 344第二電源電路 36驅動電路板 40煙霧感測器 42發光元件 44光電導體 46負載元件 48直流電壓 50位置感測器 60主控制器 70轉換電路 72緩衝器 74全橋式轉換器^ The figure shows the above-mentioned best implementation rhyme provides a schematic diagram of the conduction switching of the driving power source corresponding to each angle of the motor connection; the seventh figure is the circuit junction of the motor control device provided by the above preferred embodiment 201143270, not intended, eighth The figure shows a six-step square wave drive diagram corresponding to different angles 0 provided in the single-cycle rotation direction of the motor in the above preferred embodiment. [Main component symbol description] 1 row hood 10 fan 12 axle 14 air outlet 16 exhaust smoke pipe 20, 20' motor 22 rotor 24, U, V, W winding group 26 stator 30 motor control device 32 DC power supply 34 power supply circuit 342 first power supply circuit 344 second power supply circuit 36 drive circuit board 40 smoke sensor 42 light-emitting element 44 photoconductor 46 load element 48 DC voltage 50 position sensor 60 main controller 70 conversion circuit 72 buffer 74 full bridge converter
Vd、VcU、Vd2、Vd3 驅動電源 A、B、C霍爾元件感應電動勢emf ac類比訊號 Uh電位訊號 ud驅動訊號 ut觸發訊號 SW11、SW12、SW2；1、SW22、SW3卜 SW32 輸入端組 14 201143270Vd, VcU, Vd2, Vd3 driving power supply A, B, C Hall element induced electromotive force emf ac analog signal Uh potential signal ud drive signal ut trigger signal SW11, SW12, SW2; 1, SW22, SW3 Bu SW32 input group 14 201143270
Sll、S12、S21、S22、S31、S32 觸發端組 P1卜P12、P2卜P22、P3卜P32驅動端組 CH、02、03輸出端組 第一接收端組Vin 第二接收端組hi、h2、h3 15S11, S12, S21, S22, S31, S32 Trigger group P1, P12, P2, P22, P3, P32, driver group CH, 02, 03, output group, first receiver group, Vin, second receiver group, hi, h2 , h3 15