TW201128840A - Novel electrodes and rechargeable batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides cathodes, methods of making cathodes, and electrochemical cells (e.g., batteries) that employ these cathodes having improved properties over traditional cathodes, methods, or electrochemical cells.

Description

201128840 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a novel cathode formed by mixing a stabilizer with a cathode active material to form an electrode having improved properties over conventional cathodes. . This application claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 61/295,576, filed on Nov. 3, 2009, and the benefit of the benefit of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 61/295,882. These documents are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. [Prior Art] Rechargeable batteries are known in the art and are commonly used, for example, in portable electronic devices. While conventional rechargeable batteries are useful, it is easy to modify or improve the life, shelf life, and/or performance of the systems and methods used to recharge the battery. When the conventional battery is discharged, the anode supplies positive ions to the electrolyte and supplies electrons to an external circuit. The cathode is typically an electron conducting body, and the positive ions are interposed from the electrolyte as a guest f in a reversible manner into the electron conducting body and are charge compensated by electrons from the external circuit. The use of a secondary battery or battery can reverse one of the reactions when current is applied to the battery, thereby "recharging" the battery. The chemical reaction at the anode and cathode of the secondary battery must be reversible. Upon charging, the external field removes electrons from the cathode to release positive ions back to the electrolyte to restore the parent body structure, and the outer adjacent field adds electrons to the anode to compensate for positive ion absorption - which returns to its original composition. 151907.doc 201128840 Conventional electrode materials such as cathode materials have a number of disadvantages. For example, since many conventional cathodes lose charge capacity after several charge cycles, their coulombs are ineffective, or they adversely affect battery discharge. One of the increased impedance or internal resistance. As many conventional batteries undergo several charging cycles, such detrimental effects often cause an increased interference with battery performance. Therefore, there is a need for improved properties and improved battery performance. Electrode Material. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a novel cathode material comprising silver associated with one or more particles of a stabilizer, wherein the one or more particles of the stabilizer have a thickness of less than about 250 nm One of the diameters or the average diameter (for example, about 100 nm or less). One aspect of the present invention A cathode for a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode active material comprising a stabilizer, the stabilizer comprising one of an average particle diameter of about 250 nm or less (eg, about 100 nm or less) a powder; and silver, wherein the stabilizer is present in an amount sufficient to impart to the cathode a coulombic efficiency of greater than about 98%. In some embodiments, the cathode active material comprises silver and the silver comprises Ag , AgO, Ag20, Ag203, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu02, AgFe02, AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn04, Any of the hydrates or any combination thereof. In 151907.doc -4- 201128840 other embodiments, the silver (four), ! or one of them:: diterpene, A], , ., r:, AI, Ga , z°, Ni, .d, in—= —= dopant. In another example t, the silver doping contains ～: a instead of the example, 'silver coated with pb, B, Α This product = Nl, Pd'In, Fe or any combination thereof - coating agent. In -; = brother, the silver coated with one of the coated Pb Further, in the other silver, the packaged pure-first dopant is doped and the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises one comprising a p Type semiconductor 'type 2 semiconductor or a powder of any combination thereof. For example, the stabilizer U - comprises a powder of the following: Zn 〇, Si 〇 2, Zr 〇 2, Ti 〇 2, ai 2 〇 3, Mg 〇, Sic, In2〇3, H〇2〇3, Mg〇, ZnTi〇3, B2O3 > LiA102 > BaTi〇3 > Li4.xCaxSi〇4 . Li4.xMgxSi〇4 . 2〇3 Yb2〇3 , Mn 〇 2, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof, wherein ^ to 4 in an alternative example, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Ζη〇. And in some embodiments, Ζη〇 is doped with a second dopant comprising Al2〇3, iron oxide, indium oxide, or any combination thereof. In some cases, ΖηΟ换# has a second dopant from 〇3. In other examples the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Zr〇2. Moreover, in some instances the stabilizer comprises - a powder comprising Si 〇 2 . In some examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder, and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising SiO 2 , B 1*02, and ZnO. In other examples, the stable inclusion comprises - containing Si 2 particles, 2 particles, and A powder of Zn〇 particles. In some cases, the Zn granules 151907.doc 201128840 are doped with a second dopant comprising one of Al2〇3. In other cases, the ZnO particles comprise from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt% of Al2〇30, based on the weight of the ZnO particles. In some embodiments, the cathode active material comprises about 〇·5 wt% or The stabilizer (for example, about 0.2 wt% or less) is as follows. For example, the cathode active material comprises from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.3 wt% (e.g., from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt%) of the stabilizer. In other embodiments, the cathode further comprises a binder. For example, the cathode comprises a binder comprising PTFE. Another aspect of the present invention provides a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising zinc; and an electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer A powder comprising one of an average particle size of about 250 nm or less (eg, about 100 nm or less) associated with one or more particles of the stabilizer, and the stabilizer is sufficient to impart An amount of cathode having a coulombic efficiency greater than about 98% is present. In some embodiments, the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag203, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(0H)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu 〇2, AgFe〇2, AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn〇4′ any of its hydrates or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the silver further comprises Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising one of Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. In some cases 151907.doc -6 - 201128840, the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In other examples, the silver finish is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is coated with a coating agent containing Pb. In some cases, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising pb, and the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising a p-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor, or any combination thereof. For example, the stabilizer 匕έ package 3 powders of the following: ZnO, SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , A 2 〇 3 Mg 〇, SiC, ln 203, Ho 2 〇 3, MgO, ZnTi03, B 2 〇 3 ' LiA1 〇 2 . BaXi〇3 x Li4.xCaxSi04, Li4.xMgxSi04 ^ 2 3 Yb2〇3 ' Mn〇2 'Cunninghammer or any combination thereof, wherein the parent is 丄 to 4 In an alternative example, the stabilizer comprises a Zn 包含Powder. Moreover, in some instances 'Zn0 is substituted with a second dopant comprising ai2o3, iron oxide, indium oxide or any combination thereof. In some cases,

Zn〇 is doped with a second dopant comprising one of Al2〇3. In other examples, the expectorant comprises a powder comprising (10). Moreover, in some examples, the stabilizer comprises - a powder comprising Si 〇 2 . In some examples, the stabilizer comprises 3-powder and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising, (10) and Zn〇. In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising (10) particles, (10) particles, and particles. In some cases, the Zn0 particles are doped with a second dopant comprising A1203. In other instances, the Ζη0 particles comprise from about i wt% to about Wt0/o of Al2〇3 以 by weight of the exhaustor. In other embodiments, the cathode active material comprises about 7 wt% or less 151907 .doc 201128840 (eg, about 0.5 wt% or less) of the stabilizer "For example, the cathode active material comprises from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.3 wt% (eg, from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt%) ) the stabilizer. Moreover, in some embodiments, the cathode further comprises a binder. For example, the cathode further comprises a binder and the binder comprises PTFE. Another aspect of the present invention provides an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising Zn; and an electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder having one of an average particle diameter of about 250 nm or less (for example, about 100 nm or less), the silver being associated with at least one particle of a stabilizer, and the cathode active material comprising a sufficient amount of a stabilizer, The battery is maintained at a substantially constant charge capacity after more than about 70 charge cycles. In some embodiments, the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag203, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu 〇2, AgFe02 'AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn04, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the silver further comprises Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising one of Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. In other examples, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising one of Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising one of Pb. In some cases, the silver is coated with Pb

151907.doc -8- S 201128840 A coating agent, and the silver is doped with a first dopant β containing Ga. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises a germanium-containing semiconductor, an n-type A powder of a semiconductor or a combination thereof. For example, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: Ζη〇, _, Zr 〇 2, Ti 〇 2, ai 2 〇 3, Mg 〇, Sic, In 2 〇 3, Η〇 2 〇 3, Mg 〇 , pure 〇 3, ΒΛ, UA1 〇 2, BaTi 〇 3, 汕 (10), think (10), Bl2 〇 3, Yb2 〇 3, Mn 〇 2, ultramarine or any combination thereof, wherein ... to 4. In an alternative embodiment, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Zn〇. And, in some instances, Zn0 is doped with a second dopant comprising Al2〇3, iron oxide, indium oxide, or any combination thereof. In some cases, ZnO is doped with a second dopant comprising one of A12〇3. In other examples X, the elixirs comprise - a powder comprising Zr 〇 2 . Moreover, in some examples, the stabilizer comprises - a powder comprising Si 〇 2 . In some examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising Si 〇 2, palpitations 2 and iridium. In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a particle comprising 〇2,

Powder of Zr〇2 particles and Zn0 particles. In some cases, the Zn 〇 particles are doped with a second dopant comprising erbium 〇 3 . In other cases,

The weight of the ZnO particles, the Zn 〇 particles comprising Al 2 〇 3 自 from about 1 to about 1 〇 〇 〇 / 〇 in /, in the other examples, the cathode active material comprises about 7 wt% or less ( For example, the stable back J of about 0.5% by weight or less or about 02% by weight or less is exemplified by 3, and the cathode active material contains from about 1 wt. /. The stabilizer is up to about 3 Wt% (for example, from about 1 wt% to about 2 wt%). Another aspect of the present invention provides a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode 151907.doc Λ 201128840 pole, the cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising zinc; and an electrolysis a fluid, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder having one of an average particle diameter of about 250 nm or less (eg, about 100 nm or less), and the rechargeable battery is in a period of at least about 100 consecutive charging cycles The secondary discharge provides at least about 200 mAh/g of silver. In some embodiments, the battery provides at least about 200 mAh/g of silver per discharge during one of at least about 120 consecutive charging cycles. In other embodiments, the battery provides more than about 200 mAh/g of silver per discharge during one of at least about 100 consecutive charge cycles. Moreover, in some embodiments the battery provides a total capacity of at least about 20 Ah/g silver during one of no more than about 250 consecutive charging cycles. In some embodiments, the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag203, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(0H)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi 'AgOORb, AgCu 〇2, AgFe〇2, AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn04, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the silver further comprises Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising one of Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. In other examples, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising one of Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni'Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb. In some cases, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb, and the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising a P-type semiconductor, a 151907.doc -10-201128840 bismuth type semiconductor, or any combination thereof. For example, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: Zn0, SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , A 120 3 , MgO, Sic, in 2 〇 3, H 〇 2 〇 3, Mg 〇, Zn Ti 〇 3, • B 2 〇 3. LlA1〇2, BaTi〇3, Li4.xCaxSi04, Li4_xMgxSi04, - Bl2〇3, Yb2〇3, Mn〇2, ultramarine or any combination thereof, wherein x is 1 to 4° in other examples The agent comprises - a powder comprising ho. The ZnO is doped with a second dopant comprising A12〇3, iron oxide, indium oxide or any combination thereof in the second month. For example, Zn 〇 is doped with a first dopant comprising s Al 2 〇 3 . In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Zr〇2. Moreover, in some examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 〇 2 . In an alternative embodiment, the stabilizer comprises a powder and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising Si 〇 2, Zr 〇 2 & Zn 。. In some examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and ZnO particles. In some cases, the Zn 〇 particles are doped with a second dopant comprising one of Al 2 〇 3 . For example, the ZnO particles are doped with a second dopant comprising ai2o3 from about i wt% to about 1 〇 wt%, based on the weight of the ruthenium particles. In other embodiments, the cathode active material comprises about 7 wt% or less (e.g., about 0.5 wt% or less) of the stabilizer. For example, the cathode • active material comprises from about 1% to about 0.3% by weight (e.g., from about 8% by weight to about 0.2% by weight) of the stabilizer. Moreover, in some embodiments, the cathode material further comprises a binder, such as PTFE. Another aspect of the present invention provides a rechargeable battery comprising: 151907.doc • 11-201128840 pole, the cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; and an anode comprising zinc; An electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder having one of an average particle size of about 25 nm or less (eg, about 100 nm or less), and the rechargeable battery is in at least about 100 consecutive charge cycles. One discharge per cycle provides a battery capacity of at least about 140 mAh/g silver. In some embodiments, the battery provides a battery capacity of at least about 140 mAh/g silver per discharge during one of at least about 150 continuous charge cycles. In other embodiments, the battery provides a battery capacity of more than about 140 mAh/g silver per discharge during one of at least about 100 consecutive charge cycles. In some embodiments, the battery provides a total capacity of at least about 14 Ah/g silver during one of no more than about one continuous charge cycle. Moreover, in other embodiments, the battery provides at least about 200 mAh/g of silver per discharge during one of at least about 150 consecutive charge cycles. In some embodiments, the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag203, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(0H)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu 〇2, AgFe〇2, AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn〇4, its monohydrate or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the silver further comprises Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is mixed with a first dopant comprising Pb, B, A1, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. In other examples, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising one of Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb. In some cases, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb 151907.doc -12-201128840, and the silver doped negative bar contains one of the first dopants of Ga. In some embodiments, the stabilization & t tanning agent comprises a powder comprising a P-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor or any group thereof. For example, the stabilizer 匕3 contains powders of: addition, muscle, addition 2, muscle, Α1Λ, Mg0, sic, Ιη2〇3, Η〇2〇3, Mg〇, ZnTi〇3,

LiA1〇2 > BaTi〇3 'Li4.xCaxSi〇4 ' Li4.xMgxSi04 ' Bl2〇3, Yb2〇3, Mn〇2, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof, wherein ... to 4 in the example of the body 'the stability The agent comprises a powder comprising Zn〇. Moreover, in some examples, the Zn 〇 is doped with a second dopant comprising one of AO, iron oxide, oxide or any combination thereof. In some cases, the ZnO is doped with a second dopant comprising 〇3. In other examples, the stabilizer = comprises - a powder comprising Zr 〇 2 . Moreover, in some examples, the stabilizer comprises - a powder comprising Si 〇 2 . In some examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder, and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising Si 〇 2, Zr 〇 2 & Zn 在 in other shell examples, the stabilizer comprising a Si 〇 2 particle, Zr 包含2 particles and powder of Zn〇 particles. In some cases, the particles are doped with a second dopant comprising ruthenium 3. In other cases,

The Zn 〇 particles comprise Al 2 〇 3 自 from about (8) to about ι 〇 Wt% by weight of the ZnO particles. In other embodiments, the cathode active material comprises about 05 wt% or less (eg, about 0.2 The stabilizer of wt% or less). For example, the cathode active material comprises from about 0.010 wt% to about 0.3 wt% (e.g., from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt%) of the stabilizer. Another aspect of the present invention provides a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode 151907.doc, a 201128840 pole, the cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising zinc; An electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder having one of an average particle diameter of about 250 nm or less (eg, 'about 丨〇〇 nm or less) and the rechargeable battery does not exceed about 10,000 continuous charge cycles One period provides a total battery capacity of at least about 12 Ah per gram of silver. In some embodiments, the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag2〇3,

AgOH, Ag(〇H)2, Ag(〇H)3, AgOOH, AgONa, Ag〇K,

AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, Ag〇〇Li,

AgOORb, AgCu02, AgFe〇2, AgMnO 2, Ag2CuMn04, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the silver further comprises 3 Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising one of Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In 'Fe or any combination thereof. In other examples, the silver coating contains Pb, B, A, Ga, Zn, Ni, pd,

A coating agent of In, Fe or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising one of Pb. In some cases, the silver is coated with a coating agent other than the one, and the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising a p-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor, or any combination thereof. For example, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: ZnO, SiO 2 , Zr 〇 2, TiC) 2, AI 203, Mg 〇, si C, ln 2 〇 3, Ho 2 〇 3, MgO, ZnTi 〇 3, 2 3 LiA1〇2, BaTi〇3, Li4-xCaxSi04, Li4_xMgxSi〇4,

Bi2〇3 'Yb2〇3, Mn〇2, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof, wherein \ is ^ to 4. In an alternative embodiment, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Zn〇. And 151907.doc 201128840 and in some examples, ZnO is doped with a second dopant comprising Ai2〇3, iron oxide, indium oxide, or any combination thereof. In some cases, Zn0 is doped with a second dopant comprising Al2〇3. In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Zr〇2. Moreover, in some examples, the stabilizing package g - comprises a powder of Si 〇 2 . In some examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder' and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising sio2, Zr02 and zno. In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and Zn 〇 particles. In some cases, the Zn 〇 particles are doped to contain Ah. 3 one of the second dopants. In other instances, the Zn 〇 particles comprise from about 1 to about wt% of Al 2 〇 3 〇 based on the weight of the ZnO particles. In other embodiments, the cathode active material comprises about 0.5 wt% or less (eg, About 0.2 wt% or less of the stabilizer. For example, the cathode active material comprises from about 〇.〇1 wt. /. To the stabilizer of about 3 wt% (e.g., from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt ° / Torr). Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of making a cathode comprising providing silver; providing a stabilizer comprising: one of having no more than about 25 〇 nm (eg, 'about 1 〇〇 nm or less) One of the average particle sizes; and the silver material is associated with one or more particles of the stabilizer. In some methods, the silver comprises Ag 'Ag〇, Ag20, Ag2〇3'

AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK,

AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, Ag〇〇K, AgOOLi,

AgOORb, AgCu02, AgFe〇2, AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn04, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. In other methods, the silver further comprises 151907.doc - 15- 201128840 comprising Pb, B, A1, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any combination thereof. For example, the silver doping includes Pb, B, A1, Ga, Zn, Ni,

A first dopant of one of Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In other examples, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb, B, A, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is coated with a coating agent containing Pb. In some cases, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising pb, and the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In other methods, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising:

ZnO, SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 〇 3 , MgO , SiC , ln 203 , including a12 〇 3 - H 〇 203, MgO, ZnTi 〇 3, b 2 〇 3, LiA1 〇 2, BaTi 〇 3, w Ca x Si 04 Li4-xMgxSi〇4, Bi2〇3, Yb2〇3, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof, wherein the parent is 丨 to 4e. For example, the stabilizer comprises a white powder containing ΖηΟ. In some cases, the Ζη〇 is doped with a second dopant comprising Αία; a recorded oxide, an indium oxide, or any combination thereof. For example, ΖηΟ is doped with a second dopant comprising Μ"3. In other instances, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising & Moreover, in some instances the stabilizer contains - contains a powder. In an alternative embodiment, the stabilizer comprises -powder' and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising Si〇2, Zr0: and ruthenium. In some example towels, the stabilizer comprises a whitefly comprising (iv): particles, tons of particles and Zn(10). In some cases, the ruthenium particles are doped with a second dopant comprising Al2〇3. For example, based on the weight of the particles, the Erzi doping is self-contained! Wt% to about 〇 wt% dopant. 151907.doc -16- 201128840 wt% or less (e.g., about 〇" is provided from about 0.01 wt% to about some methods further comprising providing about 7 wt% or less of a stabilizer. For example, 0.2 wt% of a stabilizer. A further aspect of the invention provides a method of improving the coulombic efficiency of a silver cathode comprising adding a stabilizer to the silver cathode, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder and the powder has no more than 1 〇〇 An average particle size. In some methods, the silver comprises Ag, Ag〇, Ag2〇, Ag2〇3'

AgOH > Ag(〇H)2, Ag(〇H)3, AgOOH ^ AgONa > AgOK ^ AgOLi, Ag0Rb, Ag〇〇Na Ag〇〇K, & Fox i,

AgOORb, AgCU〇2, AgFe〇2, AgMn〇2, ΑΜ_η〇4, i-hydrate or any combination thereof. In other methods, the silver further comprises pb, B, AhGa, Zn, Ni, Pd, ln, Fem "e, for example, 'the silver doping includes Pb, B, A1, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, a first dopant of one of ln, Fe or any combination thereof. In some cases, the silver is doped with a dopant comprising Ga. In other examples, the silver is coated with Pb, Β a coating agent of Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, Ιη, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver coating is coated with a coating agent. In some cases, the silver coating The coating comprises a coating agent comprising Pb, and the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In other methods, the stabilizer comprises a P-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor or any of them. A powder of la. For example, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: Zn〇, Si〇2, Zr02, Ti02, a12〇3, MgO, SiC, In203, Ho2〇3, Mg0, ZnTi〇 3, B2〇3, LiA102, BaTi〇3, Li4_xCaxSi〇4, Li4_xMgxSi04, 151907.doc -17- 201128840 B said, Yb2〇3, Mn〇2, ultramarine or any combination thereof, wherein ... to 4 ° In the example, the stabilizer comprises - a powder comprising ZnQ. And in some examples, the ZnO is doped with a second dopant comprising Al2〇3, iron oxide, indium or any combination thereof. In some cases,

Zn(10) is hetero-containing a second dopant containing Al2〇3. In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising -2). Moreover, in some instances, the stabilizer comprises - comprises a powder. In some example towels, the stabilizer comprises a powder, and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising SiO 2 , ZrO 2 and Zn 0 . In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising SiO 2 particles, (10) particles, and Zn 0 particles. In some cases, the ruthenium particles 4 are miscellaneous with a second dopant comprising A12 〇3. In other cases,

The Zn 〇 particles contain Al 2 〇 3 from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt Å/〇, based on the weight of the Zn 〇 particles. Some methods further comprise adding about 7 or less (e.g., about 0.5 wt% or less) of the stabilizer to the weight of the silver cathode. For example, from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.2 wt% of the stabilizer is added. In some methods, the silver cathode further comprises a binder such as Ptfe. [Embodiment] The present invention provides a cathode having improved properties relative to a conventional cathode, method or electrochemical cell, a method of manufacturing a cathode, and an electrochemical cell (e.g., a battery). Ϊ·Definition As used herein, the term “battery” encompasses an electrochemical 151907.doc

-18- 201128840 A battery (for example, a button battery, a coin battery or the like) or an electrical storage device for a plurality of electrochemical cells. The "secondary battery" is rechargeable and the "primary battery" is not rechargeable. For the secondary battery of the present invention, the battery anode is designed to function as a positive electrode during discharge and as a negative electrode during charging. As used herein, the term "silver" or "silver material" means any silver compound such as Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag2〇3, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu〇2, AgFe〇2, AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn〇4, and any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. Note that the "hydrate" of silver includes silver hydroxide. It is believed that the coordination sphere surrounding a silver atom is dynamic during charging and discharging of a battery in which silver acts as a cathode, or when the oxidation state of the silver atom is in a constantly changing state, the term "silver" is intended Or "silver material" encompasses any of such silver oxides and hydrates (eg, hydroxides). The term "silver" or "silver material" also includes any of the foregoing materials doped and/or coated with a dopant and/or coating that enhances one or more properties of silver. Exemplary dopants and coatings are provided below. In some examples, the silver or silver material includes a silver oxide further comprising a first column of transition metal dopants or coatings. For example, silver includes silver-copper oxide, silver-iron oxide, silver-manganese oxide (for example, AgMn02), H, K, Dou, U, H, H, and Hg. , a hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. Note that the term "oxide" as used herein does not describe, in each example, the number of oxygen atoms present in silver 151907.doc -19·201128840 or silver materials. One of the silver oxides is AgOx(OH)y ( H20)z, where X, y&z is a real number or zero, and at least one of χ, 丫 or 2 is 1. For example, a silver oxide may have a chemical formula of one of Ag〇, Ag2〇3, or a combination thereof. Further, the silver may comprise a piece of material or the silver may comprise a powder having one of any suitable average particle size. As used herein, "iron oxide" means any oxide or hydroxide of iron, such as FeO, Fe2〇3, Fe3〇4, or any combination thereof. As used herein, "indium oxide" means any oxide or hydroxide of indium, for example, In2〇3. As used herein, the terms "divalent silver oxide" and "Ag" are used interchangeably. u 日一-人电他双人电池 The secondary or secondary battery contains an electrolyte. ^ As used herein, "dopant or doping agent" is added to a substance at a low concentration to change the optical/electrical properties of the semiconductor: drying. For example, a dopant can be added to A cathode powder active material to improve the properties of a rain imperial ^, buns (for example, reduce its impedance and /. resistivity). In the other real one eve 'in one of the crystal lattice of one of the ghost materials ^ or eve The atom is replaced by one or more atoms. When one or more atoms of W are substituted, 4 means that a conductive medium acts on the cation and the cation in the battery, such as an aqueous reagent for the test reagent. For example, an electric - Substance. For example, the electrolyte has migration. The electrolyte includes materials; and the liquid. Some electrolytes also include, for example, 151907.doc -20·201128840. The solution contains a buffer containing shed or acid. Exemplary electrolytes include, but are not limited to, aqueous KOH solutions, aqueous NaOH solutions, or liquid mixtures of KOH in a polymer. As used herein, "test reagent" refers to a metal test or ion salt. (for example, a test of metal hydroxide Aqueous solution). In addition, an assay reagent forms hydroxide ions when dissolved in water or other polar solvent. Exemplary alkaline electrolytes include, but are not limited to, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, CsOH, RbOH, or combinations thereof. The electrolyte may optionally include other salts to improve the total ionic strength of the electrolyte, such as KF or Ca(OH)2. A "cycle" or "charge cycle" refers to the continuous charging and discharging of one of the batteries or the continuous discharge and charging of one of the batteries, either of which includes the duration between continuous charging and discharging or continuous discharging and charging. The duration between the two. For example, a battery undergoes a cycle when it is discharged to about 100% of its DOD and is recharged to about 100% of its state of charge (SOC). In another example, a freshly prepared battery undergoes 2 cycles while the battery is as follows: 1) Cycle 1: Discharge to about 100% of its DOD and recharge to about 100% SOC; then 2) Cycle 2: The second discharge is to about 100% of its DOD and recharged to about 100% SOC. Note that this process can be repeated to subject a battery to as many cycles as desired or actual. For convenience, the polymer name "polytetrafluoroethylene" and its corresponding initial "PTFE" can be used interchangeably as adjectives to distinguish polymers, 151907.doc -21 - 201128840 Preparation of polymer solutions and polymer coatings . The use of such names and initials in no way means that no other ingredients exist. These adjectives also encompass substituted and copolymerized polymers. A substituted polymer means a polymer in which a substituent (e.g., methyl) is substituted for hydrogen on the polymer backbone. As used herein, "Ah" means an ampere (Amp) hour and is one of the scientific units of the capacity of a battery or electrochemical cell. A derivative unit "mAh" represents milliamp hours and is 1/1 of Ah. As used herein, "maximum voltage" or "rated voltage" refers to the maximum voltage that is used to charge an electrochemical battery without affecting the intended utility of the battery. For example, in several zinc-silver electrochemical cells that can be used in portable electronic devices, the maximum power is less than about, about 2 3 ¥ or less, or about 2 〇 V). In other batteries, such as lithium ion batteries that can be used in portable electronic devices, the maximum voltage is less than about 15.0 volts (e.g., less than about 13 〇 v, or about =•6 V or less). - The maximum voltage of the battery can be based on the number of charging cycles used by the battery, the life of the battery, the power requirements of the battery, the configuration of the electrodes in the pool, and the activation used in the battery. The electrode of the chemical device used in the article. ... the (positive) current is passed through its core battery or galvanic cell, and the anode is in the discharge phase of the electrical pair during which the electrons pass through during the flow phase, and the electrode is also in the first, second-class chemical oxidation. Electrode. However, in the battery, the anode is in the person or the rechargeable pole. The anode (four): during the period of the chemical shoulder (four) is formed by conductive or semi-conductive materials, such as oxides, will be human metal, metal Composite materials, semiconductors or such as 151907.doc

S •22- 201128840 Commonly used anode materials include Si, I, 、, 、, Zn, Sb, Νί, Pb, Li, ^ l - g d'Cu, LiC6, yttrium-containing rare earth porphyrin alloy (mischm) ), its 5 gold, its oxide or its composite '. Even an anode material such as zinc can be sintered. There can be many new states. For example, an anode may be constructed of a conductive mesh or a thumb grid coated with a seed or a scorpion. In another example, the anode can be a solid sheet or a solid rod of one of the anode materials. As used herein, the "cathode" system, from which the (positive) current flows, is the f-pole of an electromechanical device. In a battery or an electrochemical cell, the cathode is placed in the (four) section of the electrode - the positive electrode from which the electrons flow. The cathode is also an electrode that undergoes chemical reduction during the electrical phase. However, in a secondary or rechargeable battery, the cathode is subjected to a chemically oxidized electrode during the charging phase of the battery. The cathode system is formed of a conductive or semiconductive material such as a metal, a metal oxide, a metal alloy, a metal composite, a semiconductor or the like. Common cathode materials include Mg, Ag0, Ag203, Ag20,

Hg〇, Hg2〇, Cu0, Cd〇, Ni〇〇H pb2〇4 κ uf, u3v2(P〇4)3, V6〇i3, V2〇5, %〇3,

MnO2, LiCo〇2, LiNi〇2, UMn2〇4 or a composite thereof. It is even possible to sinter cathode materials such as Ag, AgO, Ag2〇3. The cathode can also have many configurations. For example, the cathode can be formed by coating a conductive grid of one or more cathode materials. In another example, a cathode can be a solid sheet or a solid rod of one of the cathode materials. As used herein, the term "living efficiency" refers to the number of coulombs removed from the battery during discharge divided by the number of libraries added to the battery during charging. 151 151907.doc -23- 201128840. As used herein, the term "electronic device" refers to any device powered by electricity. For example, an electronic device can include a portable computer, a portable music player, a cellular telephone, a portable video player, or any combination of operational features thereof. As used herein, the term "cycle life" is the maximum number of times a secondary battery can be cycled while maintaining a capacity for one of the intended uses of the battery (eg, one battery can be cycled until the battery is 100% SOC (ie, The actual capacity) is less than 90% of its rated capacity (eg, less than 85% of its rated capacity, approximately 90% of its rated capacity or 80% of its rated capacity). In some cases, "cycle life" is such that the secondary battery or battery is cycled until the battery's 100% SOC is at least about 60% of its rated capacity (eg, at least about 70% of its rated capacity, at least its rated capacity) Approximately 80% of the rated capacity is at least 90%, at least 95% of its rated capacity, approximately 90% of its rated capacity, or approximately 80% of its rated capacity. As used herein, the symbol "Μ" means the molar concentration. The battery and battery electrodes are indicated for the active material in a fully charged state. For example, a zinc-silver battery comprises an anode comprising zinc and a cathode comprising a silver powder (e.g., Ag203). Despite this, in most cases more than one substance is present at a battery electrode. For example, a zinc electrode typically contains zinc metal and zinc oxide (except when fully charged), and a silver powder electrode typically contains AgO, Ag203 and/or Ag20 and silver metal (except when fully discharged). As used herein, applied to alkaline batteries and alkaline battery electrodes

151907.doc -24- S 201128840 The term "oxide" encompasses the corresponding "hydroxide" material, which is usually present under at least some conditions. As used herein, the term "powder" means a dry, loose solid composed of a plurality of fine particles that are free to flow when vibrating or tilting. As used herein, the term "average diameter" or "flat" refers to the diameter of a sphere having the same volume/surface area ratio as a particle of interest. As used herein, the term "substantially stable" or "substantially" "Inert" means substantially chemically unchanged in the presence of an alkaline electrolyte (eg, potassium hydroxide) and in the presence of an oxidizing agent (eg, silver ions present in or dissolved in the electrolyte) - a compound or a component. As used herein, "charge curve" refers to a graph of the voltage or capacity of an electrochemical cell as a function of time. A charging curve can be superimposed on the complex chart, for example, including charts such as charging cycles or the like. As used herein, "Ray p Xuan, Dou, ", (4) with resistivity" or "impedance" refers to the internal resistance of the cathode in electrochemical electricity. This property is usually expressed in ohms (0 hm) or micro ohms. As used herein, the terms "first" and / or "second" do not refer to the relative position of the sequence or table, but rather to use the terms to distinguish between two different types. , Su or, and hurt. For example, a first spacer is not necessarily in time or space prior to a second spacer; however, the first isolation is not the second spacer and vice versa. Although a first spacer may be in space or time before the second spacer, a second § 151907.doc -25· 201128840 spacer may be in space or time before a first spacer . As used herein, the terms "nano" and "nm" are used interchangeably and refer to a unit of measurement equal to lxlO·9 meters. As used herein, the term "cathode-like" refers to one of a pair of cathodes, wherein the pairs of cathodes are substantially identical to each other (eg, using the same amount of cathode material in the cross-section (eg, silver, bonding) The agent, dopant, coating or any combination thereof; and/or using substantially the same manufacturing method) 'the most obvious difference is that one of the cathodes is substantially free of stabilizers.

As used herein, the term "cluster" refers to a blue pigment consisting essentially of a bismuth silicate of aluminum and S with some sulfide or sulphate, which is used as an approximation component in nature. Gold Stone (1邛^1&Print 1丨)3. The pigment color code is P. Blue 29 77〇〇7. Among the most complex mineral materials of the ultramarine family, the sulphur-rich complex __(Na_A)6Si6〇24U essentially contains a blue cube called lapis lazuli (the main component of lapis lazuli) One of the minerals is mineralized limestone. There are usually some gas in the crystal lattice. The blue color of the pigment is due to the s3_ radical ion transporting an unpaired electron. "Qingqing" also refers to preparation in a laboratory environment. Mixture of ginger sulphate. As used herein, the term "cathode active material" is meant to include silver as described above (eg, doped silver, coated silver, doped or clothed silver or Any combination thereof and a composition of one or more stabilizers. As used herein, the term "battery capacity" or "capacity" refers to the discharge current and the time during which the current is discharged (in hours). Number: 151907.doc 26

S 201128840 Product. As used herein, the term "total capacity" or "total battery capacity" refers to the sum of battery capacities, ie, charging to approximately 100% depth of discharge during one of one or more charging cycles (eg, more than 97.5%) The sum of the individual products of the discharge current and the time during the discharge of the current after the depth of discharge, or more than 99% of the depth of discharge. As used herein, "discharge depth" and "DOD" are used interchangeably to refer to a measure of how much energy has been drawn from a battery or battery, usually expressed as a percentage of capacity (e.g., rated capacity). For example, a 100 Ah battery has taken 30 Ah from it and it experiences a 30% depth of discharge (DOD). As used herein, "charging state" and "SOC" are used interchangeably and refer to the available capacity held in a battery, expressed as a percentage of the rated capacity of the battery or battery. II. Cathode of the Invention One aspect of the invention provides a cathode for a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode active material comprising a stabilizer, the stabilizer comprising having about 250 nm or less (eg, about a powder having one of the average particle sizes of 100 nm or less; and silver, wherein the stabilizer is in an amount sufficient to impart a coulombic efficiency to the cathode of greater than about 90% (eg, greater than about 95% or greater than about 98%). presence. In some embodiments, the cathode active material comprises silver, and the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag203, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa , 151907.doc -27- 201128840

Ago〇K, Ag00Li, AgOORb, AgCu〇2, AgFe〇2

AgMn02, Ag2CuMn〇4, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. In other embodiments, the silver further comprises Pb, B, A, Ga, Zn, N, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver doping includes a first dopant comprising: b, B, octa Ga, & Ni, Pd, In, Bu, or any combination thereof. In another example, the silver doping comprises one of the first dopants. In an alternative example, the silver is coated with pb, b, ^,

A coating agent of Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In 'Fe or any combination thereof. In some cases, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising one of Pb. Moreover, in other examples, the silver is doped with a first doped germanium comprising Ga, and the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb. In some embodiments, the silver of the cathode active material comprises a powder or a bulk material (e.g., a silver foil, silver pellets, a combination thereof, or the like). In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising a p-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor, or any combination thereof. For example, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: Zn〇, Si〇2, Zr〇2, Ti〇2, A 2〇3 MgO, Sic, In2〇3, h〇2〇3, MgO , ZnTi〇3, b2〇3, uA1〇2, BaTi〇3, Li4 xCaxSi〇4, Li4 xMgxSi〇4,

Bh〇3, YbW3, Mn〇2, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof, wherein 乂 is 1 to 4. In an alternative embodiment, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Zn〇. Moreover, in some examples, Zn〇 is doped with a second dopant comprising Al2〇3' iron oxide, indium oxide, or any combination thereof. In some cases, 〇4 is heterogeneous with a second dopant comprising one of 丨2〇3. In other instances, the 151907.doc

S -28- 201128840 The stabilizer contains a powder containing Zr〇2. Moreover, in some examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising si〇2. In other examples, Si〇2 is doped with ai2o3 (e.g., from about ! wt% to about wt% of Al2〇3). In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises a powder and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising Si〇2, Zr〇2 and ZnO. In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and Zn 〇 particles. In some cases, the ZnO particles are doped with a second dopant comprising Αία; In other cases, the Zn 〇 particles comprise from about 1 wt% to about 1 〇 wt% of 八12〇3, based on the weight of the ZnO particles. In some embodiments, the cathode active material comprises about 7 wt% or less (eg, about 5 wt% or less, about 2 wt% or less, about! pain or less, about 0.5 wt% or less, or about 〇 · 2 wt% or less of stabilizer. For example, the cathode active material comprises a stability from about 〇〇〇5 to about ($ (eg, from about 〇.〇1 wt% to about 〇3 or from about 〇〇i wt% to about 0.2 wt%). Agent. In other embodiments, the cathode further comprises a binder. The binder suitable for use in the cathode of the present invention may comprise any material which is capable of isolating silver powder particles and is substantially inert in the presence of a strong solution and a silver compound (e.g., Ag or the like). In some examples, the cathode comprises a binder comprising PTFE. In other examples, the cement comprises pvDF. In some implementations, the invention comprises: a plurality of particles comprising silver particles and a plurality of particles comprising a stabilizer, wherein at least one silver particle is associated with at least one particle of a stabilizer, The plurality of particles of the stabilizer have an average particle size of about 25 G nm or less (eg, about just (10) or 151907.doc • 29 - 201128840 or less), and the stabilizer is sufficient to impart greater than about 90% to the cathode ( For example, an amount of coulombic efficiency greater than about 95% or greater than about 98% exists. Another aspect of the present invention provides a cathode for use in a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode active material comprising a stabilizer, the stabilizer comprising a powder having one of an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less; And silver, wherein the stabilizing agent is present in an amount sufficient to impart a coulombic efficiency of at least one of the cathodes to a similar cathode, the only significant difference of the similar cathode being the absence of a stabilizer. Another aspect of the present invention provides a cathode for use in a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode material and the cathode material comprising a powder. The powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising silver and a plurality of particles having a particle size of about 25 Å or less (eg, about (10) nm or less), wherein the average particle size comprises a stabilizer, wherein at least one of the silver particles is in the fish 缰 e e ^ At least one particle of the tincture

In the case where the stabilizer is sufficient to impart a 兮 托 托 疋Λ蚵 5 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 玄 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少 至少The obvious difference is that it does not contain a stabilizer. Medium or partially embedded in silver, contacting one of the surfaces of a silver particle (for example, when the stabilizer particles are completely embedded in one of the silver-silver particles or almost in contact with m), at least one particle containing silver and a stabilizer contains - Powder or - bulk material. Associated with an Ago surface 10, regardless of the silver, the cathode of the present invention may include any of the chelating agents, as long as the stabilizer comprises about 250 nm or less (you are (for example, about 100 nm or less) — One of the particles of the mean diameter is powdered in the form of Pd 1 . For example, the stabilizer can be -3〇- 151907.doc 201128840 contains a P-type semiconductor, a -n-type semiconductor or a combination thereof. Containing a plurality of particles comprising: Zn〇, Si〇2, Zr〇2, (10),

Al2〇3, Mg0, SiC, In2〇3, H〇2〇3, _, ZnTi〇3, Shuai3, uA1〇2, BaTi〇3, U4_xCaxSi〇4, lu is Liu 4, Bi2〇3, Yb2〇 3'Mn〇2' ultramarine or its combination. Moreover, the stabilizer can be present in any suitable amount. For example, the stabilizer is based on the weight of the cathode material at about 7 wt% or less (eg, about 5 wt% or less, about! 5 coffee or less, or about 0.5 wt% or less (eg, about 〇·45 wt% or less, about 0.30 wt% or less, about 〇2〇m% or less, or about W5 Wt% or less. In other cases, based on the weight of the cathode material, stable The agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01% by weight to about W2% by weight. The particles comprising the stabilizer may be modified to have one or more of their chemical, electrical or physical properties. The stabilizer particles may be doped with and/or coated with any suitable additive that does not substantially impair the association of the stabilizer to silver. Moreover, the stabilizer may comprise an n-type and/or Any suitable combination of bismuth-type semiconductor particles. In several embodiments, the stabilizer comprises Ζη0. For example, t, the stabilizer comprises Zn0 doped with Al2〇3. In other embodiments, the stabilizer comprises Zr〇 2. In still other embodiments, the stabilizer comprises 〇 2. In several embodiments, the stabilizer comprises a plurality of particles and the Each of the equal particles comprises SiCb, Zr 〇 2, or ZnO (eg, ZnO doped with Αι 2 〇 3 ). In some cases, the stabilizer comprises a plurality of yttrium-containing particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and A particle in which one of the Zn0 particles is combined. In other cases, the ZnO particle is doped with Αία. For example, the Zn 〇 particle is doped with 151907.doc -31 · 201128840 wt. / ai2 〇 3. 1 wt% to about 丨·wt% The weight of the particles is doped from about 1 wt% to about 1 (). In his example, Si 〇 2 is doped with Al 2 〇 3 (for example, from A12 03) 0

Als. 'The cathode of the present invention may include, by doping, silver doped with a silver containing Pb'B division as an example and «Ai, Ga' Zn, a group, Pd, j, or any combination thereof, is pushed... Silver coating There is a coating agent containing any one of Pb, B, A, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, ^ e. The cathode of the present invention can be incorporated into a > additive, such as a coating, a current collector or the like. In the case of a stagnation, a cathode material may comprise a binder, such as PTFE. Another (4) of the present invention provides a cathode for use in a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode material and the cathode material comprising a powder. The: a package comprising silver associated with a -st-stabilizer (eg, ZnO or ZnO doped with 2〇3), a plurality comprising particles associated with a second stabilizer (eg, tons) The particles of silver and a plurality of particles comprising silver associated with a third stabilizer (for example, Si〇2). Any of the above silvers (e.g., 'di-doped silver and/or coated silver) is suitable for use in this aspect of the invention. III. Rechargeable Battery of the Invention Another aspect of the invention provides a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; and an anode comprising zinc; An electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer comprises one of an average particle diameter of about one nm or less (eg, 'about 1 〇〇 nm or less), and the silver is associated with one or more particles of the stabilizer, And the stabilizer is present in an amount sufficient to impart a coulombic efficiency to the cathode of greater than about 90% (eg, greater than about 95% or greater 15l907.doc • 32. 201128840 to about 98%), in some embodiments, The silver contains Ag, AgO, Ag2〇, Ag203,

AgOH, Ag(0H)2, Ag(〇H)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu02, AgFe02, AgMn02, Ag2CuMn04, any hydrate thereof or any combination. In other embodiments, the silver further comprises Pb, yttrium, AI, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising one of pb, germanium, Ab Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. In other examples t' the silver coating contains Pb, B, 八卜^, ^, ^, ^,

A coating agent of In Fe or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising one of Pb. In some cases, the silver coating is coated with a coating agent, and the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising a p-type semiconductor, a -n-type semiconductor, or any combination thereof. For example, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: Zn〇, Si〇2, Zr〇2, Ti〇2

Al2〇3, Mg0, SiC, In2〇3, Η〇2〇3, Mg〇, ZnTi〇3, ΒΛ, LiA1〇2, BaTi〇3, Li4, ^^si〇4, BhO3, Yb2〇3 , Mn〇2, ultramarine or any combination thereof, where the father is! To 4. In an alternative example, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Zn〇. Moreover, 'in some examples' ZnO is doped with one of Al2〇3, iron oxide, indium oxide or any combination thereof, and in some cases, Zn〇t is contained from 〇 3 __ second dopant. In other examples, the cough stabilizer comprises - a powder comprising Zr〇2. Moreover, in some examples, the § 151907.doc -33 201128840 stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 〇 2 . In other examples, si〇2 is doped with Al2〇3 (e.g., from about 1 wt% to about 1 to wt% of Al2〇3). In some embodiments, the stabilizer comprises a powder and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising Si〇2, Zr〇2 and Zn0. In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and ZnO particles. In some cases, the ZnO particles are doped with a second dopant comprising one of ai2〇3. In other cases, the Zn 〇 particles comprise from about 1 wt% to about 1 〇 wt% of a12〇3, based on the weight of the ZnO particles. In other embodiments, the cathode active material comprises about 7 wt% or less (e.g., about 0.5 wt% or less or about 0.2 wt% or less) of a stabilizer. For example, the cathode active material comprises from about 1 wt% to about 2 wt% of a stabilizer. Another aspect of the present invention provides a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode comprising: a cathode material comprising a powder; an anode comprising zinc; and an electrolyte wherein the powder comprises silver particles and has a stabilizer particle having an average particle diameter of about 25 nm or less (for example, about 1 〇〇 nm or less), at least one particle of silver is associated with at least one particle of the stabilizer, and the stabilizer is sufficient to impart The cathode is present in an amount greater than about 9% (e.g., greater than about 95% or greater than about 98%) of one activity. Another aspect of the present invention provides an electrochemical cell comprising a cathode, the s-sigma cathode comprising a cathode material comprising a powder, wherein the powder comprises a plurality of silvers comprising at least one particle associated with a stabilizer a particle, and the stabilizer comprises a plurality of particles having an average particle diameter of about 250 nm or less (for example, about 1 〇〇 nm or less); an anode comprising Zn; and 151907.doc • 34 - 201128840 An electrolyte wherein the cathode of the electrochemical cell has sufficient stabilizer to maintain the cell at a substantially constant capacity after more than about 70 charge cycles. In some embodiments, the rechargeable battery comprises a cathode, the cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer, an anode comprising zinc, and an electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer comprises One of the average particle sizes of 25 〇 nm or less, and the rechargeable battery provides at least about 14 〇 mAh/g of silver per battery during each of at least about 100 consecutive charge cycles. In some embodiments, the battery provides a battery capacity of at least about 14 mAh/g silver per discharge during one of at least about 15 consecutive charge cycles. In other embodiments, the battery provides a battery capacity of more than about 14 mAh/g silver per discharge during one of at least about one continuous charge cycle. In some embodiments, the battery provides a total silver capacity of at least about 14 Ah/g during one of no more than about 1000 consecutive charge cycles. Moreover, in other embodiments, the 3 liter battery provides at least about 200 mAh/g of silver per discharge during one of at least about i 5 ( (e.g., about 1 75 or more) of continuous charge cycles. In other embodiments, the rechargeable battery comprises a cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising 3 'xin and an electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer comprises about 25 One of the average particle diameters of 〇nm or less (eg, about 1 〇〇 nm or less), and the rechargeable battery provides at least about gram per gram of silver during one of no more than about one continuous charge cycle. 12 Ah total battery capacity. 151907.doc 35 -35- 201128840 In some embodiments, the rechargeable battery provides a battery capacity of at least about 140 mAh per gram of silver per discharge during one of at least about 150 consecutive charge cycles. For example, the rechargeable battery provides one battery capacity per gram of silver per discharge for a period of at least one of one continuous charge cycles. Another aspect of the present invention provides a rechargeable battery comprising a cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising zinc; and an electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer A powder comprising one of the average particle sizes of about 250 nm or less (eg, about 100 nm or less) is included, and the rechargeable battery provides at least about 12 Ah per gram of silver during one of no more than about 1000 consecutive charging cycles. One of the total capacity. Any of the cathode and cathode materials set forth above are suitable for use in the rechargeable battery of the present invention. Furthermore, the rechargeable battery of the present invention may comprise any suitable electrolyte. For example, the electrolyte contains an alkaline agent having any suitable concentration. In some examples, the alkaline reagent comprises LiOH, NaOH, KOH, CsOH, RbOH, or any combination thereof. In other examples, the alkaline reagent comprises a combination of NaOH and KOH. IV. Methods of the Invention The present invention also provides a method of making one of the cathodes described above. In one aspect of the invention, a method of making a cathode includes providing silver; providing a stabilizer comprising a powder having one of an average particle size of no greater than about 250 nm (eg, no greater than about 100 nm); And associating the silver material with one or more particles of the stabilizer. 151907.doc •36- 201128840 In some methods, the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag203,

AgOH, Ag(〇H)2, Ag(〇H)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK,

AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi,

AgOORb, AgCuO 2 , AgFeO 2 , AgMnO 2 , Ag 2 CuMn 04, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. In other methods, the silver further comprises Pb, B, A, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising one of Pb, B, a, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. In some cases, the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In other examples, the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb, B, Ga, Zn, pirin, pd, in, or any combination thereof. For example, the silver is coated with a coating y comprising Pb, which in some cases is coated with a coating comprising Pb, and the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. In the / method, the '8 stabilizer contains _ powder containing the following:

Si〇2 Zr〇2, Ti〇2, Al2〇3, Mg〇, Sic, Ιη203, H〇2〇3, Mg0, ZnTi〇3, B2〇3, uai〇2, β_3, ‘

CaxSi〇4, Li4.xMgxSi〇4, Bi2〇3, outer 〇3, Mn〇2, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof, wherein 乂 is! To 4. For example, the stabilizer comprises an included powder. In some cases, Zn〇 is doped with a second dopant comprising Al2〇3, iron oxide, indium oxide, or any combination thereof. For example, f is doped with a second dopant comprising Al2〇3. In other examples, the stabilizer comprises a mash containing Zr 〇 2 in the form of ^ 2 . Moreover, in some instances the stabilizer contains - contains a powder. There is (10) for the money to change (for example, from about ^ to about ^ (10) ^).

S 151907.doc • 37· 201128840 In an alternative example, the stabilizer comprises a powder, and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising Si〇2, Zr〇2 and Zn〇. In some examples, the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and ZnO particles. In some cases, the Zn 〇 particles are doped with a second dopant comprising erbium 2.... For example, the Zn ◦ particles are doped with a second dopant comprising Aha from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%, based on the weight of the Zn ruthenium particles. Some methods further comprise providing a stabilizer of about 7 wt% or less (eg, about wt $ wt% or less). For example, a stabilizer is provided from about 10 to about 0.3 wt% (e.g., from about 1% to about 2% by weight). Another aspect of the present invention provides a method of improving the coulombic efficiency of a silver cathode comprising adding an H agent to the silver cathode, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder and the powder has no more than about 250 nm (eg, An average particle size of no more than about 100 nm). The second method further comprises adding about 7 or less of a stabilizer based on the weight of the silver cathode. For example, a stabilizer from about 1 wt% to about 〇 2 is added. In some methods, the silver cathode further comprises a binder such as ρτρΕ. V. Examples: A. Methods of Formulating Exemplary Cathodes Note that the examples provided below are merely illustrative in nature and do not cover the full scope of the invention. Materials for the preparation of the cathode of the present invention include substitutions in many cases. For example, the K〇H alkaline solution can be replaced by NaOH, LiOH, CsOH, combinations thereof or the like. Moreover, oxygen 151907.doc -JO -

S 201128840 The agent K2S208 can also be replaced by Na2S208 or other oxidizing agents. Other alternatives are also possible. For example, gelatin may be replaced by one or more alternative surfactants. Moreover, in many cases, the nanopowder containing the stabilizer may alternatively or in any suitable combination. material:

Silver nitrate: ACS grade, DFG potassium hydroxide solution: 40% KOH solution, prepared from KOH pellets, potassium persulfate, 99+%, Sigma-Aldrich Oxidation: doped with 6% A1, nanopowder, <50 Nm (BET), >97%, Sigma-Aldrich zirconia (IV): nano powder, <100 nm particle size (BET), Sigma-Aldrich dioxide, cerium: nano powder, < 5 nm, Nyacol Nano Technologies Company Example 1: Preparation of AgO Cathode A 2000 ml beaker was placed in a hot water bath and a top-mounted paddle was installed. 116.7 g of AgN03 and 1000 g of deionized water (DI water) were added to the reaction vessel and stirred at 400 rpm. Add O.llg gelatin. The flask was heated to 55 °C. In a plastic container, 260 g of KOH solution (1.4 g/ml) was mixed with 260 g of deionized water to produce a diluted KOH solution. The diluted KOH solution was added to the heated reaction vessel via a precision pump. 198 g of potassium persulfate was added at 65 °C. After the addition of potassium persulfate, the reaction flask was maintained at 65 ° C for 50 minutes. 151907.doc -39- 201128840 Stop stirring and allow the AgO particles to settle to the bottom of the flask. Pour out the water. The particles are rinsed with deionized water and the water is poured again after the particles have settled. The rinsing and pouring process is repeated until the ionic conductivity of the mixture falls below 20 micro ohms. The slurry was filtered and dried in a vacuum oven at 6:. This process yielded about 85 g of AgO (yield > 99%). In a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, 70 g of dry AgO powder produced by the above method was added to 700 g of deionized water. The mixture was stirred using a top stirrer at a stirring speed of 25 rpm. 2.73 g of lead acetate trihydrate was dissolved in 5 〇 deionized water and added dropwise to the Ag 〇 mixture using a MasterFlex pump. After the addition was completed, the lead solution container was rinsed twice with 5 g of deionized water and continued to be added dropwise. After the addition of lead acetate for 60 minutes, the stirring was stopped, the Ag 〇 particles settled, and the water was poured out. This rinsing and pouring procedure was repeated until the measured ionic conductivity was less than 20 micro ohms. The resulting material was filtered and dried in a vacuum oven at 6 Å > Example 2: An exemplary cathode material comprising a Zn〇-Al2〇3 stabilizer A 2000 ml beaker was placed in a hot water bath and an overhead spreader was installed. 116.7 g of AgN〇3 and 1 g of deionized water were added to the reaction vessel and stirred at a stirring speed of 400 rpm. Disperse 12 mg of Zn〇_ AhO3 in loo g deionized water and add. Add 〇 n g gelatin and heat the flask to 5 5 . Hey. In a plastic container, 26 〇 g K〇H solution 〇 4 g/ml) was mixed with 26 〇 ^ 】 51907.doc 201128840 ionic water to produce a diluted KOH solution. The diluted K0H solution was added to the heated reaction vessel using a peristaltic pump. Add 198 g of potassium persulfate at 65 Torr. After the addition of potassium persulfate, the reaction vial was maintained at 65 ° C for 50 minutes. The mixing was stopped and the AgO particles were allowed to settle to the bottom of the cruising. Pour out the water. The particles are rinsed with deionized water and the water is again poured out after the particles have settled. This rinsing and pouring process is repeated until the ionic conductivity of the mixture falls below 20 micro ohms. The resulting material was filtered and dried in a vacuum oven at 6 (rc). This process yielded about 85 g of AgO (yield > 99%). In a 2 L Erlenmeyer flask, the above was made 78 g dry AgO powder was added to 780 g of deionized water. The mixture was stirred using an overhead stirrer using one of 400 rpm. Dissolve 3 〇 4 g of lead acetate trihydrate in 50 g of deionized water and utilize a peristaltic pump. Add dropwise to the AgO mixture. After the addition is completed, the wrong solution container is washed twice with % ^ deionized water and continue to be added dropwise. After adding lead acetate for 60 minutes, 'stop stirring, Ag〇 particles settle, and The water is poured out. The rinsing and pouring procedures are repeated until the measured ionic conductivity is less than the shoulder ohm. The resulting material (4) is dried under a vacuum oven under (4). Example 3. An exemplary cathode comprising a si〇2 stabilizer The material is placed in a hot water bath and placed in a hot water bath and placed in a purple mixture. U6.7g AgN〇A1GG()g deionized water is added to the reaction volume and the right to use - (4) speed Stir. 9 mg of dioxane 151907. Doc •41- 201128840 矽Disperse in 20 g to remove; transport in myopic ion water' then add o.llg gelatin. Heat the flask to 5 5 X: In a plastic container, add 26 〇g KOH solution (1.4 g/ml) was mixed with 260 g of deionized water to produce a dilute-k〇h solution. The & diluted KOHH was added to the heated reaction vessel via a peristaltic pump. 198 g of potassium persulfate was added at a price. After the addition of potassium persulfate, the reaction flask was maintained at 65 ° C for 50 minutes. 4r was stirred and the Ag 〇 particles were allowed to settle to the bottom of the flask. The water was poured out. The particles were washed with | ionized water, and After the particles have settled, the water is again poured out. The rinsing and pouring process is repeated until the ionic conductivity of the mixture falls below 20 micro ohms. This process produces about 85 g of AgO (yield > 99%). In the above-mentioned AgO slurry, 2 L Erlenmeyer flask was added with deionized water until the total weight of the compound was 935 g. The mixture was stirred by an overhead stirrer using a stirring speed of 400 rpm. g lead acetate trihydrate dissolved in 50 g of deionized water And using a peristaltic pump to add dropwise to the AgO mixture. After the addition is completed, the lead solution container is washed twice with 50 g of deionized water and continue to be added dropwise. After adding lead acetate for 60 minutes, the stirring is stopped. The Ag 〇 particles settle and the water is poured out. This rinsing and pouring procedure is repeated until the measured ionic conductivity is less than 20 micro ohms. The resulting material is filtered and dried using a vacuum oven at m6 〇〇 c. 4: An exemplary cathode material comprising a Zr〇2 stabilizer. A 2000 ml beaker is placed in a hot water bath and a top-mounted 151907.doc is installed.

S 201128840 Falling purple. 116.7 g of AgN〇j 1000 g of deionized water was added to the reaction vessel and stirred using a stirring speed of 400 rpm. Add % mg yttrium oxide (JV) to 100 g of deionized water and add. Add 〇.丨丨g gelatin. The flask was heated to 55. (: In a plastic container, 260 g KOH solution (1.4 g/ml) was mixed with 26 〇 deionized water to produce a diluted K0H solution. The diluted KOH solution was added to the heated via a peristaltic pump. In the reaction vessel, 198 g of potassium persulfate was added at 65. After the addition of potassium persulfate, the reaction flask was maintained at 65 ° C for 50 minutes. The stirring was stopped and the AgO particles were allowed to settle to the bottom of the flask. The water was poured out. The particles are washed with cesium ion water; first, and then granules are poured out after granules + sedimentation. The rinsing and pouring process is repeated until the ionic conductivity of the mixture falls below 20 micro ohms. About 85 g of AgO (yield > 99 ° / 〇). In a 2 l Erlenmeyer flask containing one of the above Ag mash slurry, deionized water was added until the total weight of the mixture was 93 5 g. The overhead stirrer was stirred using one of the stirring speeds of 4 rpm. 3.32 g of lead acetate trihydrate was dissolved in 5 〇g of deionized water and added dropwise to the Ag0 mixture using a peristaltic pump. After the addition was completed, The lead solution Rinse twice with 50 g of deionized water and continue to add dropwise. After adding lead acetate for 60 minutes, the stirring is stopped, the Ag 〇 particles are allowed to settle, and the water is poured out. The rinsing and pouring procedures are repeated until the ionic conductivity is measured. Less than 20 micro ohms. The resulting material was filtered and dried at 60 ° C - vacuum oven drying. 151907.doc -43- 201128840 Example 5: including from Si〇2, Zr〇2 and doped with gossip 2〇3 An example cathode material of one of the 211 〇 formulated stabilizers A 4 L beaker was placed in a hot water bath and an overhead mixer was installed. 233.4 g of AgN〇3 and 1200 g of deionized water were added to the reaction vessel. Stir in one of the stirring speeds of 450 rpm. Add 2 g of gelatin. Disperse 26 mg of cerium oxide in 50 g of deionized water, 48 mg of Zn〇_

Al2〇3 and 240 mg of cerium (IV) oxide (50 nm, Alfa-Aesar) were dispersed in 58 g of deionized water and then added to the beaker. Heat the beaker to 55. . . In a plastic container, 520 g of KOH solution (1.4 g/ml) was mixed with 520 g of deionized water to produce a diluted KOH solution. The diluted KOH solution was added dropwise to the heated reaction vessel via a peristaltic pump. At 65. After adding 396 g of potassium persulfate and potassium persulfate, the reaction flask was maintained at 65 C > c for 50 minutes. Stirring was stopped and the AgO particles were allowed to settle to the bottom of the flask. Pour out the water. The particles are rinsed with deionized water and the water is again poured out after the particles have settled. This rinsing and pouring process was repeated until the ionic conductivity of the mixture fell below 20 micro ohms. This process yielded about 170 g of AgO (yield > 99%). Deionized water was added to a 4 L beaker containing one of the above AgO slurries until the total weight of the mixture was 187 〇g. The mixture was stirred using an overhead stirrer using one of 400 rpm. 6 63 g of trihydrate acetic acid was misdissolved in 5 μg of deionized water and added dropwise to the Ag〇 mixture using a peristaltic pump. After the addition was completed, the lead solution container was rinsed twice with 5 〇 g 151907.doc 201128840 deionized water and continued to be added dropwise. After the addition of the acetic acid boat for 60 minutes, the application was stopped, the Ag〇 particles were allowed to settle, and the water was poured out. This rinsing and pouring procedure was repeated until the measured ionic conductivity was less than 2 G micro ohms. The resulting material (4) was dried under a vacuum oven using a vacuum. Example. An exemplary cathode material comprising a gallium doped, lead coated silver material and a stabilizer formulated from Si 〇 2, Zr 〇 2 and 211 掺杂 doped with erbium 2 〇 3 . Place a 4 L beaker in a hot water bath and install a top-mounted stirrer. 233.4 g of AgN〇3M 200 g of deionized water was added to the reaction vessel and stirred at 450 rpm. Add 15 g of gelatin and 153 g of gallium hydroxide. 32 mg of cerium oxide was dispersed in 58 g of water, and 48 mg of Zn〇_human 12〇3 and 240 mg of oxidized (IV) (50 nm, Aifa_Aesar) were dispersed in 6 l of deionized water and then added. The beaker was heated to 5 5 ° C in a plastic container, and 520 g of KOH solution (1.48/1111) was mixed with 52 () § deionized water to produce a diluted K〇H solution. The diluted KOH solution was added dropwise to the heated reaction vessel via a peristaltic pump. Add 396 g of potassium persulfate at 65 °C. After the addition of potassium persulfate, the reaction flask was maintained at 65 for about 50 minutes. Stirring was stopped and the Ag 〇 particles were allowed to settle to the bottom of the flask. Pour out the water. The particles are rinsed with deionized water and the water is again poured out after the particles have settled. This rinsing and pouring process is repeated until the ionic conductivity of the mixture drops below about 2 〇 micro ohms. This process produces about 1 70 g Ga-doped AgO. § J51907.doc •45- 201128840 In a 4 L beaker containing one of the above doped Ag 〇 slurry, deionized water was added until the total weight of the compound was 18 7 0 g. The mixture was searched off at 400 rpm using a page-mounted scrambler. 6.63 g of trihydrate acetic acid was missolved in 50 g of deionized water and added dropwise to the Ag 混合物 mixture using a peristaltic pump. After the addition was completed, the lead solution container was rinsed twice with 50 g of deionized water and continued to be added dropwise. After the addition of lead acetate for 60 minutes, the stirring was stopped, the Ag 〇 particles settled, and the water was poured out. This rinsing and pouring procedure was repeated until the measured ionic conductivity was less than 20 micro ohms. The resulting material was filtered and dried using a vacuum oven under (9) charging. Example 7. An exemplary cathode material comprising AgCu 2 and a stabilizer formulated from Si 2 and Zr 2 . Add 34.45 g of AgN〇3, 48.50 g of Cu(N03:)2.2.5Η2〇 and 400 g of deionized water to a plastic container. 4 mg of cerium oxide and 41 mg of oxidized (IV) (50 nm, Alfa-Aesar) were dispersed in 100 g of deionized water and then added to the vessel. Place a 2 L beaker in a hot water bath and install a top-mounted paddle. A 233 g KOH solution (1.4 g/ml) was mixed with 233 g of deionized water to produce a diluted KOH solution which was scrambled at 4 rpm. Heat the beaker to 55T:. Add the above AgN〇3 solution. 173.6 g of potassium persulfate was added at 65 <t. After the addition of potassium persulfate, the reaction flask was maintained at 65 for 30 minutes. Stirring was stopped and the particles settled to the bottom of the flask. Pour out the water. The particles were rinsed with deionized water and the water was poured again 151907.doc -46 - 201128840 after the particles settled. This rinsing and pouring process is repeated until the ionic conductivity of the mixture falls below 20 micro ohms. The material was filtered and then dried at 60 ° C in a vacuum oven. This process produces approximately 40 g of AgCu02. Example 8: An exemplary cathode material comprising a physical mixture of stabilized silver oxide formulated from particles of AgO-SiO2, AgO-ZrO2, and AgO-Zn0-Al203. An exemplary cathode material of Example 8 is by physical mixing 25 g. Prepared for each of the cathode materials prepared as described in Examples 2, '3 and 4 above. Example 9: Additional exemplary cathode material. An exemplary cathode material was produced according to the procedure of Example 2, wherein ZnO-ai2o3 was replaced with the stabilizer of Table 1: Table 1: Summary of the formulations of the exemplary cathodes of the present invention. The amount of stabilizer, the particle size of the stabilizer (nm) by weight of AgO Ζπ0-Α1203 0.028% 50 ΖηΟ-Α12〇3 0.014% 50 ΖΓΙΟ-ΑΙ2Ο3 0.03% 50 ΖΓΙΟ-Α.Ι2Ο3 0.028% 50 ΖηΟ-Α12〇3 0.016% 50 Zr02 0.112% 100 Zr02 0.014% 50 ZnO, Zr〇2 0.016%, 0.014% 50, 50 Si02, ZnO, Zr02 0.01%, 0.028%, 0.014% 5, 50, 50 Si02 0.01% 5 SiC 0.13% 100

151907.doc -47- 201128840 The amount of stabilizer, the particle size of the stabilizer (nm) by weight of AgO ZnTi〇3 0.11% 100 Ti02 0.01% 25 Bi2〇3 0.18% 90-210 Yb203 0.17% 100 H〇2〇 3 0.03% 100 ai2o3 0.01% 50 MgO 0.01% 50 Ultramarine 1.30% 200 B. Characteristics of Exemplary Cathodes Several exemplary cathode formulations of the present invention are described in Table 2 below along with one of the AgO cathodes provided for comparison purposes. Table 2: Summary of formulations of exemplary cathodes of the invention. Example No. Stabilizer Design Particle Ratio (Stabilizer Particles and AgO Particles) Quantity, Actual Addition (mg) based on the weight of AgO 1 No No No No 2 ZnO- ai2o3 About 5 to 1 0.014% 12 3 Si〇2 About 1000 to 1 0.01% 9 4 Zr02 About 5 to 1 0.11% 95 5 ZnO- AI2O3 Si02 About 10 to 1 0.028% 48 About 1000 to 1 0.01% 0.014% 26 240 Zr02 About 50 to 16 ZnO-AI2O3 About 10 to 1 0.028% 48 about 1000 to 1 0.01% 32 151907.doc •48- 201128840

Example No. Stabilizer Design Particle Ratio (Stabilizer Particles and AgO Particles) Quantity, actually added by weight of AgO (mg) Si02 About 50 to 1 0.014% 240 Zr02 T Si02 N/A 0.01 4 Zr02 N/A 0.1 41 8 ZnO- ai2o3 N/AN/AN/A Si02 N/AN/AN/A Zr02 N/AN/AN/A a The weight percentage of the components of the stabilizer provided in Example 7 is given by the weight of AgCuO. The physical properties of several of the exemplary cathode materials were tested. The test procedures and results are provided as follows: 1. Activity The activity of the exemplary cathode materials described above was determined by titration. The material is crushed and/or crushed using a spatula. If the sample is not completely dry, it is dried overnight at 60 ° C in a vacuum oven. A 0.100 g sample was added directly to a clean 125 ml flask and the weight recorded was accurate to at least the third decimal place. 10 ml of acetate buffer and 5 ml of KI solution (59%) were added to the flask. The flask was rotated to disperse the particles. The inverted plastic cup was placed on top of the flask and covered and the flask was sonicated for 2 hours. 20 ml of deionized water was added to the flask. The mixture was titrated with Na2S2〇3 (recording the exact equivalent concentration) until the solution turned into §-151907.doc • 49·201128840 a pale yellow. Add about i ml of starch indicator and continue titration until the mixture turns into milky-yellow, which is the end point. Activity calculation: Activity volume (mlDx (equivalent concentration of titrant) χ12·388

AgO mass (g) 2. Particle size analysis The particle size of the product was analyzed using a Horiba laser diffraction instrument (model la-930). The diameters of several population distributions (eg, 5%, 丨〇%, 20%, etc.) are recorded and are provided in Table 2 below. Particle size and shape characteristics were also performed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive line analysis (SEM/EDS). An electron microscope and an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer were used for this analysis. The resulting SEM micrographs show images before and after the charge cycle with and without stabilizers, which are provided in Figures 14A-15B. 3. Resistivity The resistivity of the cathode material was measured by the following method: 3 g of the sample cathode material was placed in a press having an area of 88 cm 2 . Apply 10 to 40 metric tons of force to the 曰 哙 材料 material and ridicule it every 5 gongs. Note that the electric charge S of this sample is recorded between 10 metric tons and 40 metric tons. The resistivity is given in Table 3 below. The resistivity is at a limited force. The activity of several (four) cathodes in the sample, _ and electricity (4) are provided in Table 3 151907.doc -50· 201128840 Table 3: Characteristics of several exemplary cathode materials.

House. «*, 151907.doc -51 - 201128840 Example No. Stabilizer Activity (%) Resistivity (Ohmxcm) Particle Size (μηι) 3 Si02 96 2.2 Distribution Particle Size 5% 0.35 10% 0.40 20% 0.50 30% 0.73 40% 1.01 50% 1.22 70% 1.72 80% 2.05 90% 2.55 95% 3.02 Distribution particle size 5% 0.36 10% 0.41 20% 0.54 30% 0.82 4 Zr02 95 2.3 40% 1.08 50% 1.32 70% 1.88 80% 2.25 90 % 2.86 95% 3.41 151907.doc -52- 201128840

151907.doc -53- 201128840

4. Thermal analysis: Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was performed using a differential scanning calorimeter from a ΤΑ Instruments (Model 2920) using a scanning speed of 10 ° C / min, and a Mettler Toledo TGA/SDTA (using a Mettler Toledo TGA/SDTA) Model 851e) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed at 20 °C/min to characterize the thermal properties of the product. A graphical representation of the data for the test powder is provided in Figures 2 to 4. According to the DSC data, the initial exotherm peak is about the same for samples with and without a stabilizer. According to the TG A-DTA data, the sample having a stabilizer exhibited a decomposition temperature slightly lower than that of the sample using the cathode material of Example 1 in which the stabilizer was not present. These results indicate that the stabilized AgO cathode materials set forth in Examples 2-5 above are thermally stable. 151907.doc -54- 201128840 5. Electrical Properties The test cells were constructed to evaluate the electrical properties of the exemplary cathode materials set forth in Examples 1-6 above. Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the arrangement of the 7-piece used in the silver-zinc test cell. An aqueous test electrolyte is used for the purpose of providing helium during the charging and discharging process. The cathode materials set forth in Examples 1-4 were incorporated into a prismatic test cell having a capacity of 2 〇 Ah, and the cathode materials set forth in Examples 5 and 6 were incorporated into a prismatic test cell having a capacity of 3.0 Ah. The anode of the test cell 5 was formed using 3.6 g of zinc and zinc oxide (13 wt%) and Bi2〇3 (〇5 wt%) additive and 5 wt% PTFE as a binder. The anodes were configured as a 43 mm x 3l mm rectangle and pressed in 2 tons. The rectangles were packaged in Solupor® along with 32 wt% KOH and NaOH (0.1 g) mixed electrolyte containing In/Brass additive (〇1 wt%) (from Lydall, Rochester, Nh) It is purchased and incorporated into the test cells as shown in FIG. A test cathode was formed from a cathode material comprising 3 wt% PTFE binder. The shai cathode material was formed into a 43 mmx31 mm rectangle, pressed at 5.5T, and wrapped with 32% KOH and NaOH (0.2 g) k combined electrolyte (80:20) containing the additive Pb (〇.4 wt%). In the SL6-8 material purchased from Shilong Company. The beta mystery test cell also included two discrete cellophane Hims purchased from innovia Fiims between the coated electrodes soaked and filled with a 32% KOH and NaOH mixed electrolyte. Table 4 illustrates these test cells. 151907.doc ^ 201128840 Table 4: Test cells for measuring the electrical properties of cathode materials for novel cathode materials. Test cell number Cathode material '---- Amount of anode material (g) Amount of cathode material (δ) Cathode bag material 1 Example number 1 3.6 5.85 SL6-8 2 Example number 2 3.6 5.85 SL6-8 3 Example number 3 3.6 5.45 Τ2 4 Example No. 4 3.6 5.85 Τ2 5 Example No. 5 3.6 5.45 Τ2 6 Example No. 6 4.5 5.45 Τ2 7 Example No. 7 N/A 3.60 Ν/Α 8 Example No. 8 0.514 0.635 Τ2 Named after the "T2" reference number The cathode bag material is formed from a 3-layer coextruded material. The first layer (i.e., the layer facing the cathode) is a mixture of polystyrene cross-acid (PSS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) (35 wt% PAA vs. PSS). The second layer is once doped with filled polyvinyl alcohol and the third layer is an undoped polyvinyl alcohol. The first cathode layer is from pss (25 wt% commercial PSS solution (Mw = 1 M)) and 25 wt% commercial PAA solution (192058)

The Aldrich 'poly(acrylic acid) partial sodium salt solution was prepared by formulating GPC average Mw of about ’0'000 '25 wt.% in H20. The second cathode layer was prepared from about ～10 Wt% PVA and Zr〇2 powder (about 35 wt% Zr02 to PVA) and the third layer was prepared from a 10 wt% PVA stock solution. The coextruded film is dried at a low dryer temperature. Each of the three layers is about 10 microns thick. 151907.doc •56- 3 201128840 The “SL6-8” is available from Shilong Corporation – #8 micron thick film. The test battery was repeatedly charged and discharged, and the M 5 parity battery capacity was reduced with the charge cycle to determine the test battery having a stable cathode. Note that the time period between two consecutive charges 1 tear dry-discharge and one charge is less than 1 minute. A typical charge-discharge cycle procedure is as follows: The battery is charged with a shirt current until the battery terminal voltage reaches 2.03 volts or more and then the voltage is held constant at 2 ft until the desired charge capacity is reached. Select _, ι 合 止 止 select the initial charging current to charge the battery within 5 hours. After charging, leave the battery in place for (9) minutes. The battery is then discharged with a constant current until the battery voltage reaches 1.2 volts or until a total discharge time of 5 hours. The current is selected to fully discharge the battery within 5 hours. After the discharge, the battery was allowed to stand for 1 to 30 minutes. Using the above process, it has been determined that the cycle life of the test battery such as Yanhai is superior to the cycle life of the test battery having a cathode lacking one stabilizer and at least comparable thereto. It is observed in Figures 6 to 5丨 that a test cell having a cathode with a stabilizing agent has a more desirable discharge coefficient during the cycle, at least in the early stages of the test cell (e.g., about 160 charge cycles), at the end of the discharge. A more desirable voltage, a more desirable voltage at the end of charging, and a more desirable material property, i.e., the silver particles in an exemplary cathode material comprising a stabilizer exhibit a lower ratio than a lack of a stabilizer after cycling The cathode material is reduced in aggregation. In addition, the discharge coefficient of the test cell (shown in Figure 7) indicates that the cathode with a stabilizer is more coulombic than the cathode with no such stabilizer 151907.doc -57 - 201128840. Overall, this data indicates that the new composite cathode with stabilizer has excellent electrochemical properties. Other Embodiments The embodiments disclosed herein have been discussed for the purpose of familiarizing the reader with the novel aspects of the invention. While the preferred embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, it is understood that many modifications, modifications and alternatives may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the following claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating one of the steps of an exemplary method for making a cathode material in accordance with an aspect of the present invention. Figure 2 is a graphical representation of one of the differential scanning calorimetry data recorded for Examples 1 and 2; Figure 3 is a graphical representation of one of the differential scanning calorimetry data recorded for Examples 1, 3, and 4; Figure 1 is a graphical representation of one of the TGA-DTA data for Examples 1 and 2; Figure 5 is an illustration of one of the electrochemical test cells used to test the electrical properties of an exemplary cathode material of the present invention; Figure 6 is from Example 丨 to 4 The battery capacity of the test cells i to 4 formed by the cathode material is graphically represented by one of the charging cycles; Θ 7 is a test battery formed of the cathode materials described in H Examples 1 to 4! The battery discharge-to-charge ratio to 4 is a graphical representation of the charge cycle, I5l907.doc • 58 - 201128840, which is the test battery of the electric star with the charge material at the end of the discharge described in Example (1). 1 to 9 are represented by the negative patterns described in Examples 1 to 4; 4, at the end of charging, the electric dust with the charging cycle, and the test battery 1 to Fig. 10# Graphical representation; the volume of the cathode material pool described in the fifth example varies with the charging cycle. _Graphic representation: the electrical diagram 11 of the test battery 5 is determined by the example of the singular snow sniper 0士々命广* The test battery 5 formed by the material is in the beam: the voltage is changed with the charging cycle; 圊12 is the test of the drop/' 池 詈 所述 所述 所述 实例 实例The battery of the battery 6 is now represented by a charge cycle; the test cell 6 formed by the cathode material described in Example 6 is represented by a discharge, a 'bene% of the electric charge as a function of the charge cycle. One of the sufficient cathode materials before the charge cycle (10) is followed by 'IV 1 豕, and Figure (10) is before the cycle. Figure 4A is an SEM image of the Ago cathode material of Example 1 after 5 charge cycles; and Figure 15B is the Ag〇 cathode material of Example 8 after 5 charge cycles. An SEM image. M- 151907.doc -59-

Claims (1)

201128840 VII. Patent application scope: 1. A cathode for use in a rechargeable battery, comprising: a cathode active material comprising: a stabilizer comprising an average particle diameter of about 25 〇 nm or less One of the powders; and the silver' wherein the stabilizer is present in an amount sufficient to impart a coulombic efficiency of greater than about 98% to the cathode. 2. The cathode of claim 1, wherein the cathode active material comprises silver, and the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag2〇3, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(〇H)3, AgOOH, AgONa , AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu02, AgPe〇2 'AgMn02, Ag2CuMn04, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. 3. The cathode of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising a P-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor, or any combination thereof. The cathode according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: Zn〇, Si〇2, Zr〇2, Ti〇2, Al2〇3, MgO, SiC , In2〇3, Ho2〇3, Mg〇, ZnTi03, b2〇3, LiA1〇2 x BaTi〇3 ' Li4-xCaxSi04 ^ Li4.xMgxSi04 ^ Bi2〇3 x Yb203, Mn〇2, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof The cathode of any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the cathode active material comprises about 0.5 wt% or less of the stabilizer. 6. The cathode of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the cathode active material package 151907.doc 201128840 contains from about 0.01 Wt% to about 0.3 wt% of the stabilizer. 7. The cathode according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the silver-to-step comprises Pb, B, a, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any group thereof. The cathode of any one of items 1 to 7, wherein the silver is doped with Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any of them, and one of the combinations of A 々 The cathode of any one of the present invention, wherein the silver is doped with a cathode comprising any one of the above items, wherein the cathode is The silver is coated with a coating Pb, B, A, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any combination thereof: a coating agent. σ < n. The cathode of any of claims 1 to 1G, wherein the silver is coated with a coating agent of one of the cores Pb. 1 12. If the cathode of any of the hearts of the people is cleared, the powder containing Zn〇 should be contained. For example, the cathode of claim 12, wherein the Zn ruthenium is doped with a di-dopant comprising a, a ruthenium, an indium oxide, or any combination thereof. L4.=2U cathode> wherein the ruthenium is doped with a molybdenum 3 wherein the stabilizing agent comprises - wherein the stabilizing agent comprises - wherein the stabilizing agent comprises - 15. The cathode of the item of claim 1-4 Powder of Zr〇2. 16. The cathode according to any one of claims 15 to 15, comprising a powder of Si〇2. 17. The cathode of any of the claims 151907.doc 201128840 粕 and the powder comprises particles comprising Si 〇 2, ZrO 2 & ZnO. The cathode of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and Zn 〇 particles. 19. The cathode of claim 18 wherein the Zn 〇 particles are doped with a second dopant comprising one of ai 〇 3 . 20. The cathode of claim 19, wherein the ZnO particles comprise from about i wt by weight of the Zn bismuth particles. /. To about 1〇~% of Al2〇3. The cathode of any one of clauses 1 to 20, wherein the cathode further comprises a binder. 22. The cathode of claim 21 wherein the binder comprises ptFe. 23. A rechargeable battery comprising a cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising zinc; and an electrolyte, wherein the sensitizer comprises about 2 5 〇nm or one of the following average particle diameters of the powder 'the silver is associated with one or more particles of the stabilizer, and the stabilizer is present in an amount sufficient to impart a coulombic efficiency of greater than about 98% to the cathode . 24. The rechargeable battery of claim 23, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: ZnO, SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , A 120 3 , MgO, SiC, In 2 〇 3, h 〇 2 〇 3, MgO And ZnTi03, B2〇3, LiA102, BaTi03, Li4_xCaxSi04, Li4_xMgxSi04, Bi203, Yb203, Mn02, ultramarine or any combination thereof, wherein x is i to 4. The rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 23 or 24, wherein the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag2〇3, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu02, AgFe02, AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn〇4, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 23 to 25, wherein the cathode active material comprises about 7 wt% or less of the stabilizer. 27. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 23 to 26, wherein the cathode active material comprises from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.3 wt% of the stabilizer. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 23 to 27, wherein the silver further comprises Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any combination thereof. The rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 23 to 28, wherein the silver is doped with Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any combination thereof A change agent. The rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 23 to 29, wherein the silver is coated with one of Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any combination thereof. Cloth. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 23 to 30, wherein the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb, and the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 23 to 31, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising ZnO. 151907.doc -4- 201128840 33. The rechargeable battery of claim 32, wherein the Zn 〇 is doped with Al 2 〇 3, iron oxide, indium oxide or any combination thereof - second holding agent . 34. The rechargeable battery of claim 33, wherein the 211 〇 is doped with a second dopant comprising one of ai2o3. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 23 to 34, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Zr〇2. The rechargeable battery of any one of clauses 23 to 35, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si〇2. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 23 to 36, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder' and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising si〇2, Zr〇2 and ZnO. The rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 23 to 36, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and Zn 〇 particles. 39. The rechargeable battery of claim 38, wherein the Zn 〇 particles are doped with a second dopant comprising one of A 〇 2 〇 3 . 40. The rechargeable battery of claim 39, wherein the smectic ZnO particles comprise from about 1 wt% to about 1 wt% of AI2O3 〇41, as claimed in claim 23 The rechargeable battery of any one of 40, wherein the cathode further comprises a binder. 42. The rechargeable battery of claim 41, wherein the binder comprises pTFE. 43. An electrochemical cell comprising a cathode comprising 151907.doc 201128840 a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising Zn; and an electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder having one of an average particle diameter of about 250 nm or less, the silver being associated with at least one particle of a stabilizer, and the cathode active material comprising a sufficient amount of a stabilizer such that the battery is more than about 70 A substantially constant charge capacity is maintained after the charge cycle. 44. The battery of claim 42, wherein the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag203, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi , AgOORb, AgCu02, AgFe〇2, AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn〇4, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. The battery of any one of claims 43 or 44, wherein the silver further comprises Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. The battery of any one of claims 43 to 45, wherein the silver comprises a first dopant comprising Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. The battery according to any one of claims 43 to 46, wherein the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb, B, Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any combination thereof. The battery of any one of claims 43 to 47, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: ZnO, SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , Al 2 〇 3 , MgO, SiC, In 2 〇 3, Ho 2 〇 3. MgO, ZnTi03, 151907.doc s 201128840 B2O3, LiA102, BaTi03, Li4_xCaxSi04, Li4-xMgxSi04, Bi203, Yb203, Mn〇2, ultramarine or any combination thereof, where x is 1 to 4 〇49. The battery of any one of 43 to 48, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 2 particles, ZrOd St and ZnO particles. 50. The battery of claim 49, wherein the Zn0 particles are doped with from about 1 wt% to about 1 wt% of a second dopant, by weight of the Zn0 particles, and the second dopant The dopant contains ai2〇3. 51. A method of making a cathode, comprising: providing silver; providing a stabilizer comprising: the powder comprising one of an average particle diameter of not more than about 10 〇 nm; and the silver material and the stabilizer One or more particles are associated. 52. The method of claim 51, wherein the silver comprises Ag, Ag〇, Ag2〇, Ag2〇3, AgOH, Ag(0H)2, Ag(0H)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa , AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCuO 2 , AgFeO 2 , AgMnO 2 , AgaCuMnO 4 , any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. The method of any one of claims 51 or 52, wherein the silver material further comprises Pb, B, A, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. The method of any one of 1 to 53, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: Zn0, si〇2, Zr〇2, Ti〇2, Al2〇3, MgO, Sic, In203, Ho2〇3 , MgO ' ZnTi〇3, f 151907.doc 201128840 B2〇3, LiA102, BaTi〇3, Li4-xCaxSi〇4 'Li4_xMgxSi04, Bi2〇3, Yb203, Mn〇2, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof, wherein to 4 The method of claim 55, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising mountain particles, Zr〇2 particles, and ZnO particles. 56_ A method for improving the coulombic efficiency of a silver cathode, comprising adding a stabilizer to the silver cathode, wherein the sterling stabilizer comprises a powder and the powder has an average particle diameter of not more than about 25 nm. . 57. The method of claim 56, wherein the silver cathode comprises Ag, Ag, Ag20, Ag203, Ag〇H, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa , AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu02, AgFeO 2 , AgMnO 2 , Ag 2 CuMn 4 , any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. The method of any one of claims 5-6 or 5, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising a p-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor or any combination thereof. The method of any one of claims 56 to 58, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: ZnO, SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , A 120 3 , MgO, SiC, In 203, Ho 2 〇 3, MgO , ZnTi03, B203 'LiA102, BaTi〇3, U4-xCaxSi04, Li4-xMgxSi04, Bi2〇3, Yb2〇3, Mn02, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof, wherein x is i to 4 〇60. The method of any of 59, further comprising adding about 7 wt% or less of the stabilizer to the weight of the silver 151907.doc S 201128840 cathode. The method of any one of clauses 56 to 60 which further comprises adding from about 0.01% by weight to about 0.3% by weight of the stabilizer based on the weight I of the silver cathode. 62. The method of claim 56 to 61, wherein the silver cathode further comprises Pb, B, δ 1 r . The method of any one of the items 56 to 62, wherein the method comprises any one of the items 56 to 62, wherein the composition comprises pb, b, Ga Zn, he, Pd, In, Fe or One of either combination is doped to dope the silver cathode. The method of any one of clauses 56 to 63, wherein the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising Pb, B, II, ~, Zn, state, Pd, In, Fe or any combination thereof cathode. The silver cathode is doped with a coating agent comprising a coating material containing one of Pb, or a coating agent comprising any one of claims 56 to 64, and the silver cathode is doped. For example, the method 56 to the powder containing ΖηΟ 67. According to the method of claim 66, the direct compound 4 gan 乂 中 中 用 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 、 Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο Ο. A method of claim 67, wherein the Zn0 is doped. A second dopant is used in the case where the stabilizer comprises - wherein the stabilizer comprises - S. 69. The method of any one of claims 56 to 68 comprising a powder of Zr〇2. 70. The method of any one of claims 56 to 69 151907.doc 201128840 comprising a powder of Si〇2. 71. The method of any one of clauses 56 to 7 wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising a plurality of Si〇2, Zr 〇2 and Zn〇 particles. The method of any one of claims 56 to 70, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and ZnO particles. The method of claim 72, wherein the Zn 〇 particles are doped with A 丨 2 〇 3 . The method of claim 73, wherein the Zn ruthenium particles are doped with from about 1 wt% to about 1 〇"% by weight of the Zn 〇 particles, as claimed in claims 56 to 74. The method of any one of the above, wherein the silver cathode further comprises a binder. The method of claim 75, wherein the binder comprises ptfe. A rechargeable battery comprising a cathode comprising a cathode active material Silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising zinc; and an electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder having one of an average particle diameter of 250 nm or less and the rechargeable battery is at least about 10 consecutive Charging by Wang Chengzhi - provides at least about 200 mAh/g of silver per discharge. The rechargeable battery of claim 77, wherein the battery provides at least about 2 Torr per discharge during one of at least about 12 consecutive charging cycles. 〇 mAh/g Silver. The rechargeable battery of claim 78, wherein the battery provides more than about 200 mAh/g of silver per discharge during at least one of the period of at least about ι 151 907.doc 201128840 consecutive charging cycles. As requested The rechargeable battery of item 79, wherein the battery provides a total capacity of at least about 20 Ah/g silver during one of no more than about 250 consecutive charging cycles. 81. Rechargeable according to any one of claims 77 to 80. The battery, wherein the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag203, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb, AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu02, AgFe A rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 77 to 81, wherein the stabilizer comprises a P-type comprising a P-type, a hydrate, or a hydrate thereof A rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 77 to 82, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: ZnO, SiO 2 , Zr 02 , Ti〇2, AI2O3, MgO, SiC, Iii2〇3, H02O3, MgO, ZnTi03, B203, LiA102, BaTi03, Li4_xCaxSi04, Li4.xMgxSi04, Bi2〇3, Yb2〇3, Mn〇2, ultramarine or any The combination, wherein x is from 1 to 4. 84. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 77 to 83, wherein The cathode active material comprises about 7 wt% or less of the stabilizer. The rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 77 to 84, wherein the cathode active material comprises from about 0.01 wt% to about 0.3 wt%. The stabilizer. 151907.doc -11 - 201128840 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. If one of the requirements of items 77 to 85 contains a combination of Pb and B. A rechargeable battery, wherein the silver is mixed with Al, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any of the claims 77 to 86 containing Pb, B, a first blend of one of the combinations Miscellaneous. Any of the rechargeable batteries, wherein the silver is doped with Al, Ga' Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe or any of the "charges" of any of the items 77 to 87. The 咏m to the cloth has a coating agent containing one of Pb, B, VIII, Ga, Zn, Ni, pd, chemistry, or any combination thereof. A rechargeable battery according to any one of items 77 to 88, wherein the silver is doped with a first dopant comprising Ga, and the silver is coated with a coating agent comprising a coating. The rechargeable battery of claim 90, wherein the Ζη〇 is doped with Al2〇3' iron oxide, indium oxide or any combination thereof, 丨„ Le-doping as claimed in claim 77 The rechargeable electric charge according to any one of the above-mentioned items, comprising a powder comprising the powder of the present invention, wherein the agent comprises a powder comprising Si〇2. A rechargeable battery according to any one of items 77 to 94, wherein the stable 151907.doc •12·201128840 agent comprises a powder, and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising SiO 2 , ZrO 2 and ZnO. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 77 to 94, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising Si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and Zn 〇 particles. 97 · Rechargeable as claimed in claim 96 a battery, wherein the ZnO particles are doped with Al2〇3 〇98. The rechargeable battery according to claim 97, wherein the Zn particles are doped with about 1 wt% of the weight of the ZnO particles. A rechargeable battery of any one of claims 77 to 98, wherein the cathode The material further comprising a binder. The battery of claim 99, wherein the binder comprises PTFE. 101. A rechargeable battery comprising a cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver And a stabilizer; an anode comprising: and an electrolyte, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder having one of an average particle diameter of about 250 nm or less, and the rechargeable battery is at least about 1 〇〇 One of the continuous charging cycles provides a battery capacity of at least about 140 mAh/g silver per discharge. 102. The rechargeable battery of claim 101, wherein the battery is provided for each discharge during one of at least about 150 consecutive charging cycles At least about 140 151907.doc -13- 201128840 mAh/g silver one of the battery capacities. 103. The rechargeable battery of claim 102, wherein the battery provides more than one discharge per discharge period of at least about 100 consecutive charge cycles A battery capacity of about 140 mAh/g silver. 104. The rechargeable battery of claim 103, wherein the battery provides at least one of no more than about 1000 consecutive charging cycles A total capacity of about 14 Ah/g silver. 105. The rechargeable battery of claim 104, wherein the battery provides at least about 200 mAh/g of silver per discharge during one of at least about 150 consecutive charging cycles. The rechargeable battery of any one of items 101 to 105, wherein the silver comprises Ag, AgO, Ag20, Ag203, AgOH, Ag(OH)2, Ag(OH)3, AgOOH, AgONa, AgOK, AgOLi, AgORb , AgOONa, AgOOK, AgOOLi, AgOORb, AgCu02, AgFe〇2, AgMn〇2, Ag2CuMn04, any hydrate thereof or any combination thereof. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 101 to 106, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising a P-type semiconductor, an n-type semiconductor, or any combination thereof. The rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 101 to 107, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising: ZnO, SiO 2 , ZrO 2 , Ti 2 , Al 2 〇 3 , MgO, SiC, ln 203, Ho 203 , MgO, ZnTi03, B203, LiA102, BaTi03, Li4-xCaxSi04, Li4-X MgxSi04, Bi203, Yb203, Mn02, ultramarine blue or any combination thereof. 151907.doc • 14- s 201128840 109. The rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 101 to 108, wherein the cathode active material comprises a weight of about wt% by weight or less based on the weight of the cathode active material. Agent. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 101 to 109, wherein the cathode active material comprises from about 1 wt% to about 0.2 wt% of stabilizer based on the weight of the cathode active material. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 101 to 110, wherein the hazardous active material further comprises Pb, B, A, Ga, zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe, or any combination thereof. 112. A rechargeable battery as claimed in any of the above items, any combination further comprising Pb, B, A1, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe = 113. The rechargeable battery of any one of items 101 to 112, wherein the crucible is coated with a coating agent comprising any one of Pb, B, A, Ga, Zn, Ni, Pd, In, Fe^^. A rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 101 to 113, wherein the sea 6 is mixed with a first dopant comprising Ga and the silver is coated with a coating agent. 115• As claimed in claims 101 to 114—macro”t “person* rechargeable battery” wherein the manuscript 疋A彳 contains a powder comprising ZnO. For example, the rechargeable battery of claim 115, wherein the ZnO is doped... ai2〇3, iron oxide, indium oxide or any of its dopants. The second doped 117. The cell of claim 116, wherein the ZnO is doped with a second dopant comprising 151907.doc 201128840 Al2〇3. The rechargeable battery of any one of clauses 1 to 1 wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising ZrO 2 . 119. The rechargeable battery of any one of claims 1 to 1 18, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising SiO 2 . The rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 101 to 119, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder, and the powder comprises a plurality of particles comprising Si〇2, Zr〇2 and ZnO. The rechargeable battery according to any one of claims 101 to 119, wherein the stabilizer comprises a powder comprising si 〇 2 particles, Zr 〇 2 particles, and Zn 〇 particles. 122. A rechargeable battery according to claim 121, wherein the Zn 〇 particles are doped with AI2O3. A rechargeable battery, wherein the Zn 〇 particles are doped with from about 1 wt% to about 123. ai2o3 of wto/〇 as the weight of any ZnO particles in claim 122. 124. A rechargeable battery comprising a cathode comprising a cathode active material comprising silver and a stabilizer; an anode comprising zinc; and an electrolyte, the stabilizer comprising about 250 nm Or the following - the average pellet is "end-of-the-line" and the rechargeable battery provides a total battery capacity of at least about 12 Ah per gram of silver during a period of no more than about 1000 continuous charge cycles. 151907.doc S •16·