TW201119179A - Multi-stage chargers with power factor correction - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention provides the multi-stage chargers with power factor correction. The source current may operate in continuous current conduction mode or discontinuous current conduction mode such that the source current can follow the source voltage and constantly output with current or voltage to implement both the functionalities the power factor correction (PFC) and the multi-stage charging. There are multiple stages in the used charger, such as two stages including the first stage for larger constant current output and the second stage for constant voltage output. As the output voltage reaches the upper limit, the circuit will be switched from the first stage to the second stage. Also, the output voltage reaching the lower limit, it will be switched from the second stage to the first stage. Experimental results show good conformation with the theoretical data, including the constant voltage output, the constant current output and the switching between them.

Description

201119179 VII. Designated representative map: (1) The representative representative of the case is: (3). (2) A brief description of the component symbols of this representative figure: DS diode FF1 OP1 OP2 Relay T1 Vfb Vh Vl ^0,com V〇

RS 拴 locker acts as a comparator of the operational amplifier as a comparator of the operational amplifier relay NPN transistor output voltage divider resistor signal comparison upper limit voltage comparison lower limit voltage output terminal sampling voltage output load voltage VIII, the case if there is a chemical formula When revealing the chemical formula that best shows the characteristics of the invention: 〇4 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains]

The invention relates to a charger with a power factor corrector, in particular to a charger capable of switching to a constant current/constant voltage output in multiple stages, which is suitable for charging of a general chargeable battery (Secondary Batteries). [Prior Art] In recent years, the global energy crisis has become an issue that countries are eager to solve. It also means that white people develop alternative energy sources and improve energy use. In terms of electricity, they increase the power factor (PF) of users. It can also increase the power usage rate at the same time. 201119179 Human waste is irreparably harmful to the earth. Many power electronics related equipment today often use a conventional AC/DC converter. The traditional AC/DC converter is composed of four diodes and an output capacitor. It is also called PeakRectifier. The advantages are low cost and stable circuit, but also have low power factor and high harmonics (Harmonics). In addition, the non-linear load on the user side is also prone to generate harmonic currents. Excessive harmonic currents will pollute the entire power system and cause poor circuit results, such as transformer overheating and neutral line overheating. If the insulation layer deteriorates and the accident occurs, the power quality of the power company will decrease, and the related equipment will be shortened. Therefore, how to effectively suppress harmonics to reduce the problem of power pollution is the important word of the current age (4). It has also led to the emergence of many norms of Wei, such as: IEEE519_1992, IEC61〇〇〇3, but the technology of suppressing the spectrum and improving the power factor is also becoming more and more sophisticated. The current common method of turning the power factor corrector (Power Factor Correction) ' PFC). Today, battery chargers have become an indispensable electrical appliance. However, the chargers currently used generally do not have the effect of correcting the factor 'making the power quality good.' The burden, especially the earth's real energy, is gradually rising, and all walks of life are vying for the so-called oil Weihe car, and even the development of all-electric vehicles. The phase charging materials will become the remaining items. His electric vehicles will be popular, and they will be used for people's livelihood. The largest daily necessities - 'The power factor correction function has become one of the must-have features for the charger. Common charging methods commonly used in various consumer products such as constant voltage charging method, 201119179 疋 electric peach charging method, hybrid constant current-constant voltage charging method (cc cv), pulse current charging method and thirst charging method (TrickleCha (4) Etc. The example embodiment will apply a two-stage constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) output to the charging method. When the output power repeatedly reaches the set output "upper limit, the circuit will switch to the fixed motion. In order to maintain good battery characteristics and extend battery life. In the traditional charging n if you need to have power factor correction function, the only solution is to install the power factor corrector in the charger, and this power factor corrector Only for the • electric dust output, as shown in Figure 1, the second-stage DC/DC converter is used to provide battery charging and constant current or fixed-speed (four) section, but this way will form two The hierarchical structure causes disadvantages such as poor efficiency and high cost, and a relatively large number of designs. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention proposes a multi-segment charger with a power factor correction function to input a power supply current that can be operated in a continuous conduction Mode or discontinuous conduction mode enables the input current phase of the power supply terminal to be in phase with the input voltage phase, and can output multiple stages of constant voltage or constant current to achieve power factor correction and multi-step rib replacement charging function. The battery charging adjustment function is completed by using only the single-stage power factor correction circuit. The circuit structure is divided into multiple switching states. For example, in the case of two-stage, the first segment can read a large constant current wheel, and the second segment The voltage output can be fixed, so that the time for switching the battery charging is when the load accumulated voltage value is greater than the set voltage upper limit, then switching to the second stage light pressure output; when the accumulated voltage value is less than the set voltage lower limit value Then, the first stage is outputted with a large current. Finally, it is verified by an example that the 201119179 circuit and architecture proposed in this application can effectively improve the power factor and achieve the effect of constant current rotation. A two-stage architecture with a power factor correction stage is added before the charger, and the invention only needs a single-stage power factor correction circuit to complete multi-stage charging. In order to simplify the description of the preferred embodiment in the description, only the operation principle of the two-stage constant current output switching is explained, and the single-switch boost power factor correction circuit and the average current mode are used in the power factor correction. The school's technicians should understand that this charger is not limited to this. It can (10) implement multi-segment switching functions such as half-bridge, full-bridge, and dual-synchronous circuits, and operate in various power factor corrections. Control rules, such as hysteresis control method, average current control method, peak current control method, and other control laws that can achieve power factor correction function. [Embodiment] FIG. 2 is a single switch liter of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The compression type power factor corrector is used to realize the charging of the two-stage constant current charging function. It is emphasized that in other embodiments, if the constant voltage is to be input (four), the dragon finger is used. Although a two-stage switching is used here as an embodiment, however, the multi-stage output can be implemented by the pick-up side circuit. Furthermore, in the FIG. 2 'Using the UC3854AIC to control the law of the so-called average current mode control, it is also known to those skilled in the art that any current mode that implements the turn factor correction function can be used, such as Na control, peak current mode, etc., so that a variety of different control lc can be used. Figure 3 is a perspective view of the two-stage switching circuit of the embodiment shown in Figure 2. The circuit is mainly reduced by _relay, two op amps 0P1 and 0P2, which serve as comparators, and diodes ds and an rs_201119179. . FF1 is constructed, wherein the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 〇ρι is connected to a preset voltage source vH, and the non-inverting input terminal is connected to the output sampling voltage v〇, _. Similarly, the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier OP2 is connected to a predetermined voltage source, and the inverted lion is connected to the output sampling sample Vq_. The outputs of the two operational amplifiers 〇ρι and 〇p2 are respectively connected to the s input and the R input of the RS _ FF1. The output terminal q of the rs pickup lock FF1 is connected to the base end of one of the transistors, and the emitter end of the transistor is connected to the N terminal of the diode DS, and is connected to the relay age _ Control terminal. The wiper vRh is the current sense voltage signal, and Vfb is the output voltage divider resistor signal. Both the other control terminal of the relay Relay and the p terminal of the diode DS are connected to the ground terminal. Figure 4 is a two-stage Rday_process analysis diagram. The detailed steps of this switching Wei are described below. The main function of the switching circuit is to switch between the two states, and the switching control of the relay (4) mainly depends on the logic gate circuit to determine when it needs to be performed. First, you must first have a feedback resistor to take 1 电V〇c〇m for the upper and lower limits of the circuit design, which are the upper limit • Vh and the lower limit Vl. When the output voltage Vq, _ is greater than the designed upper limit value vH, the electric body switch will immediately turn on the power transmission to the relay. At this time, the successor will change a to the other end and continue to maintain the conduction state. Ancient stepl: When tl, the comparator compares Vl>v〇(10), and the current does not reach the stage of the constant current, which is the initial state of charge. At this stage, the comparator compares, the RS flip-flop output is 0, and the Relay is not driven.

SteP2: When t2, the comparator compares Vh>v〇_>Vl. At this time, the current reaches the 201119179 electric pick-up and 5Α turn-out stage, which can quickly reach the required power. At this stage, the output of the comparator soft RS flip-flop is q, which is the hold state (printed with $ plus e), and the cerebral palsy remains undriven. P stomach t3 'comparison ^ after comparison Vaami> VH ' at this time by the electric castle modulation, loading to full load coffee, when the voltage reaches the switching condition, the scale (4) reaches the set value of the cut-off condition, the material circuit is cc_cv _ segment of the action, the current output state of (4) is switched to the Zhan output state. At this stage, the comparator compares, • The output of the 咫-reactor is a signal-driven drive from the transistor, and the cc is switched to CV.

SteP4: t (four), compare $ bribe Vg_> Vh, scale u is greater than VH ′ at this time is a constant voltage 380V regulated output state. Stable output technology is considered to provide better battery characteristics and longer life. At this stage, the comparator output compares, the RS flip-flop output is 1, and Re〗 still maintains the cv state.

SteP5 ·· When t5, the comparator compares v〇(10)%, at this time v〇_ still maintains large • in %, for a constant voltage 38〇V output load regulation test, load is added to 7_ output, current is 0.5 A rises to about 〇·57Α. At this stage, the online serial battery pack is considered. The battery provides energy at the same time. At this time, the load continues to be in the pomelo load state, which is equivalent to the internal equivalent of the battery pack. In this case, the constant voltage output must be maintained to prevent battery damage. Affecting life, the energy energy consumed must be loaded to achieve the same output power. At this stage, H compares with the device, and the RS flip-flop output is still in the cv state. The cross circuit measurement waveform will be described below. 5 _In the constant current mode, the measured waveform of the 201119179 parent electromechanical ink llGVae and the output equivalent impedance is Ω, where the coffee is the input voltage waveform (reading version) 'Cm is the input current waveform (1A/div) ), (5). Set the power to the output wave. Figure 5 shows the sinusoidal waveform of the input current following the input voltage. At this time, the power factor PF 4 Ο·"7 ’ achieves the required constant current charging and power factor correction. When the output is changed, the measured data are shown in Table 1. Table 1 The output impedance of the constant current output is 400~800Ω measured data.

Vs (Vac) Load (Ω) Iin (A) Pin (W) V〇(V) I〇(A) P〇(W) η (%) PF 400 cr\n 1.00 108.7 _ 196.35 0.5050 99.16 91.2 0.984 110 jUU Rr\f\ 1.26 138.8 245.32 0.5068 124.33 89.6 0.993 600 nr\(\ 1.50 165.7 291.92 0.5043 nAvn 88.8 0.996 /(JU Ο ΑΛ 1.77 195.3 ^8.89 0.5037 170.70 87.4 0.997 oUU 2.02 222.5 382.39 0.5031 192.38 86.5 0.997 ------ Then, the constant current 0.5A output is switched to the constant voltage 38〇v, and the relay power switching condition is designed to achieve the output voltage division value when the output voltage reaches 3, and then with the logic circuit design (4) Instant control up and down _ system, (4) into a transistor to push the relay from constant current to constant voltage output function. According to the theoretical basis of constant voltage output and constant current output, yang through the use of logic circuit and relay drive design, to achieve _ segment switching circuit Measurement, the experiment is the CC-CV two-stage switching output waveform when the wheel voltage is 嶋c, and the electronic object_cell is charged, so that the load (four) ΘΩ is increased _ 8 in succession, the output mode is measured by the focusing method, 201119179 Current The output current waveform is switched instantaneously. The waveform display can achieve the required CC_CV charging Wei. The shooting Chl is the input_waveform (2_(9), (5) is the input current waveform (10) is the _flow waveform (·). Re-emphasizing the invention Although the embodiment only uses the cc_cv two-stage charging method, it is well known that the mine can be used for charging, such as cc-cv/cc, in the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the patent application. [Simple description of the schema] The secret charge (4) of the Weiwei Kichisaki correction ship includes a first-stage power factor correction circuit and a second-stage power adjustment circuit; FIG. 2 is a power factor correction function according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a two-stage switching circuit of the embodiment of the present invention; φ Figure 4 illustrates the state timing analysis of the two-stage switching circuit shown in Figure 3; Figure 5 shows the implementation of the fine-grained Charge the measured waveform of (4), the wheel current is indeed following the input voltage waveform, and the power factor correction function is achieved; and the measured waveform of the two-segment switching circuit shown in FIG. [ Main component symbol description] -ac Input AC filter capacitor: 0 Output filter capacitor 12 IS j 201119179 Dm Power diode DS diode FF1 RS locker I〇 Output load current ih PFC inductor current L PFC inductor OP1 Comparator op amp OP2 acts as comparator op amp Qi transistor power switch Relay relay • τι NPN transistor VFB output divider resistor signal Vh comparison upper limit voltage vL comparison lower limit voltage V 〇; com output Sampling voltage V〇 output load voltage vRh current sensing voltage signal Vs AC power supply

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Claims (1)

201119179 X. Patent application scope: 1. A multi-stage charger with power factor correction function, comprising: a single power converter, which is used for realizing power factor correction function, and constant voltage and/or constant current Charging function; a pulse width modulation (PWM) control circuit 'This control has a voltage regulation and steady current feedback network in addition to controlling the active switching elements in the power converter; and a charging phase switching circuit, The switching circuit achieves various charging functions for the demand of various battery charging states. 2_ The multi-stage charger of claim 1, wherein the power converter is any well-known power converter, such as a single-switch boost converter, a two-switch standard converter, a two-switch half-bridge converter , four-switch standard converter and four-switch full-bridge converter and so on. 3. The multi-stage charger of claim 1, wherein the pulse width modulation (ρψΜ) control circuit can be any of the well-known control strategies and control ICs. 4. The multi-stage charger of claim 1, wherein the charging phase switching circuit comprises: a relay; Two operational amplifiers OP1 and 〇1>2, which act as comparators, in which the inverting input of the operational amplifier 〇ρι is to the pre-set electrical pro-VH, the _ anti-domain connection, the output sampling voltage VOCmn, the operational amplifier 〇P2 The non-inverting input is connected to a preset voltage source vL, and the inverting input is connected to the output sampling voltage v. ^,; a diode DS; '(10) an NPN transistor T1, the emitter end of the transistor T1 is connected to the diode terminal, and is connected to one of the control terminals of the relay Relay; and a lock-like device FF, the s input terminal and the R input terminal of the RS fabric FF1 are respectively connected to the output ends of the two operational amplifiers 〇ρι and 〇p2, and the input of the Rs latch m is connected to the base terminal of the NPN transistor. 】 4 201119179 5. According to the multi-stage charger of claim 1, the battery is any commercially available battery, such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel cadmium battery, a nickel hydride battery, a lead acid battery, and the like.