201116893 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於穿透型液晶顯示裝置。 【先前技術】 穿透型之液晶顯示裝置由於薄型•輕量•低消耗電力等 之優良特性，故作為代表性之平板顯示器而廣泛使用。尤 其顯著的是作為電視、個人電腦之營幕、車載用顯示器、 行動電話等之普及。由於液晶其本身為非發光之元件，故 根據來自光源之光之照射方式，可大致劃分為穿透型、半 穿透反射型、反射型3種。在外光相對較弱之狀況下等， 利用可從背光穩定地照射適當強度之光《穿透型方式，可 實現问畫質。因此，在如電視、個人電腦之顯示器等之要 求高晝質的用途中’主要使用穿透型之液晶顯示裝置。 液晶關於其分子排列，有TN模式、VA模式、⑽模式、 〇CB模式等。該等具有起因於各自光學特性之視角依存 1·生因此’即使在液晶面板之法線方向（正面方向），以使 對比度·帛色等之畫f良好的方式進行設計，在傾斜方向 畫質亦會降低1解決該問題，#出有使用圖H)所示之視 角補償薄膜之方法，與使關U所示之光擴制之方法。 在使用視角補償薄臈之方法中，例如如圖1〇所示，由背 光光源1發出之廣角擴散光之背光，穿透擴散板2後通過 具備視角補償薄膜3之液晶面板4。 如此，在使用視角補償薄膜之方法I由於使用光向廣 角擴散之背光’故光之-部分傾斜地通過液晶面板中之液 148761.doc 201116893 晶層。因此’為補償於法線方向通 J遇過液晶層之光與傾斜通 過之光之相位差，使用視角補彳當壤& _ 忾補1男/專膜3。目前市售之液晶 顯示裝置使用視角補償薄膜者較多。 再者’在圖1〇中，雖顯示有使用2片視角補償薄膜之情 況’但亦有僅使川或m之情況。又，亦有透明保 5蔓膜兼具視角補償薄膜之功能之情況。 該視角補償薄膜由於必須有高度之雙折射控制，故一般 較其他之光學薄膜高價。又，於法線方向通過上述之液晶 層之光與傾斜通過之光之相位差—般依存於波長。因此， 視角補償薄膜雖必須以具有適於使用之液晶層之雙折射之 波長分散性的方式進行調整，但由於雙折射之波長分散性 為物質固有之性質，因此並不容易獲得具有理想之特性 者。 另一方面，在使用光擴散層之方法中，例如如圖丨丨所 示，由背光光源丨發出且通過導光板6之光按液晶面板4、 光擴散層5之順序，大致沿著法線方向通過液晶顯示面 板。 如此，在使用光擴散層之方法中，由於與指向性高之背 光組〇，使大部份光大致沿著法線方向通過液晶面板中之 液晶層，故亦可無需設置補償光之相位差之視角補償薄 膜，又，由於通過液晶層後之光藉由光擴散層5擴散成廣 角’故可實現廣闊之視角。 再者，就光擴散層，提出有例如於偏光板與玻璃基板之 間鋪滿透明之微粒子，藉由透明之填充材填滿微粒子之間 148761 .doc 201116893 隙之光擴散層（例如，參照專利文獻i)。 =，有人提出有將於透明性樹財分散有散射子之光擴 散薄膜’作為偏光板之保護膜而使用之方法(例如參昭專 利文獻2)。在料散獻2巾，作為分散㈣明性樹脂中 之散射子，記載有扁平狀者。 而使用光擴散層之方法有因外光引起之對比度降低 之問題’而幾乎未予使用。 又’有人亦提出有並用視角補償薄膜與光擴散層之方法 (例如’參照專利文獻3)。在該專.利文獻3中，記載有並用 主要包含液晶性化合物之視角補償片與光擴散層，改善 OCB模式之視角之方法，與並用具有光學異向性之醋酸纖 維素薄膜與光擴散層，改善VA模式之視角之方法。 然而，關於光擴散層之上述之問題，仍然未解決。 [先前技術文獻] [專利文獻] [專利文獻1]曰本專利第35 17975號說明書 [專利文獻2]曰本專利第3822102號說明書 [專利文獻3]曰本專利第4054670號說明書 【發明内容】 [發明所欲解決之問題] 本發明係鑑於上述先前之問題而完成者，其目的在於提 供一種一面實現廣闊之視角，一面抑制外光引起之對比度 降低之穿透型液晶顯示裝置。 [解決問題之技術手段] 148761.doc - 5 - 201116893 技術方案1之發明係一種穿透型液晶顯示裝置，其至少 包含：背光光源；控制由上述背光光源發出之光之指向性 之光控制機構；及從距離上述光控制機構較近之側，依序 為穿透型之液晶單元、含有透光性聚合物、散射子及著色 劑之光擴散層。 技術方案2之發明係如記載於技術方案1之穿透型液晶顯 示裝置，其中上述光擴散層係由上述背光光源發出之光之 主要波長下之内部吸光度為0.014以上。 技術方案3之發明係如記載於技術方案1或技術方案2之 穿透型液晶顯示裝置’其中上述光擴散層係由上述背光光 源發出之光之主要波長下之内部吸光度為〇 〇2〇以上。 技術方案4之發明係如記載於技術方案1至技術方案3中 任一項之穿透型液晶顯示裝置，其中上述光擴散層係由上 述背光光源發出之光之主要波長下之内部吸光度為〇.〇28 以上、0·062以下。 技術方案5之發明係如記載於技術方案1至技術方案4中 任一項之穿透型液晶顯示裝置，其中上述光擴散層中之上 述散射子之含有濃度在上述光擴散層之膜厚方向上，在上 述液晶單元側較高。 技術方案6之發明係如記載於技術方案1至技術方案5中 任一項之穿透型液晶顯示裝置，其中上述光擴散層係於上 述透光性聚合物中分散有上述光散射子之散射層，與含有 上述透光性聚合物及上述著色劑之著色層之積層體。 [發明效果] 148761.doc • 6 - 201116893 根據本發明，可提供一種一面實現廣闊之視角，—面抑 制外光引起之對比度降低之穿透型液晶顯示裝置。 【實施方式】 本發明之穿透型液晶顯示裝置至少包含：背光光源；控 制由上述背光光源發出之光之指向性之光控制機構；及從 距離上述光控制機構較近之側，依序為穿透型之液晶單 元、含有透光性聚合物、散射子及著色劑之光擴散層。 一般而言，為減少液晶顯示器之視角引起之色位移，使 用有圖1〇所示之視角補償薄膜。必須對該視角補償薄膜賦 予適當之雙折射之波長分散。然而，雙折射之波長分散為 材料固有之特性，不容易獲得具有理想之波長分散性之聚 合物。 口此在本發明中，採用使用圖11所示之光擴散層之方 法：即並用指向性相對較高之背光與光擴散層之方法。藉 由採用該方法’而減少為相對於液晶面板之法線方向(0心 以較大之角度通過光而產生之視角之色位移等，從而可消 除在使用視角補償薄膜之方法中之問題，且實現廣闊視 角。 本發明之光擴散層由於含有散射子，故使具有相對指向 性之背光擴散，從而實現廣闊之視角。又，本發明之光擴 散層由於含有色素等之著色劑，故具有吸收入射之外光之 2 ’且將該光擴散層作為附設於較上述液晶單元距上述 U更遇之側’具體而言為例如觀察者側之（透明）保護層， 或賦予至該透明保護層之外側，藉此抑制對比度之降低。 148761 .doc 201116893 此處，為說明本發明之功能•作用，首先說明最初先前 之使用光擴散層之液晶顯示器之實兄。 圖12係攝影有將添加氧化鋁微粒子之pMMA聚合物薄膜 (光擴散層）設置於最前面之液晶顯示器（右半邊側），與未 配置5玄薄媒之液晶顯示器（左半邊側）之照片。 此處，圖12(A)係在房間調暗，外光未照射至液晶顯示 器之狀態下進行攝影，另一方面，圖12(B)係在將位於房 間之天祀板之螢光燈打開，使該光朝液晶顯示器照射的狀 態下進行攝影。 比較圖12(A)與（B) ’可知若將光擴散層配置於液晶顯示 器，照射外光，則因白化而降低對比度（圖i 2(B)之右側）。 相較於不照射外光之圖！ 2(a)之情況，在照射外光之圖 12(B)中，白化而降低對比度之理由係外光照射至光擴散 層散射後，s亥光再次返回至光擴散層之外側（觀察者側）之 故。 如此，在先前之使用光擴散層之液晶顯示器中，存在有 外光之進入引起之對比度降低的問題。 在上述狀況中，本發明者等發現：藉由於透光性聚合物 中添加有用於使光擴散之散射子、與用於吸收光之色素等 著色劑的光擴散層，可大致維持圖像之精細度，並一面抑 制外光造成之白化，一面將來自背光之光擴散成廣角。如 此之光擴散層之第一實施形態顯示於圖i。 在圖1中，在光擴散層10中，散射子12分散於透光性聚. 合物14中，更佳的是散射子12均一地分佈於透光性聚合物 148761.doc 201116893 14中之情況。透光性聚合物14進而包含色素等之著色劑 (未圖不）。 此處，如下推測可藉由於光擴散層1〇含有著色劑，而使 成為白化原因之外光之回光衰減的理由。但，本發明並不 由如此之推測限定。 如圖2之實線箭頭所示，在來自背光之光中到達至觀測 者之眼睛者，係大概散⑴次〜數次左右後通過光擴散層1〇 之光。相對於此，夕卜光中到達至觀測者之眼睛者，係進入 至光擴散層10後，藉由散射子12重複更多次數之散射，返 回至觀測者側之光。因此，外光相較於來自背光之光，在 光擴散層10中’行進更長距離（參照圖2之虛線箭頭）。 此處，若於光擴散層10含有著色劑，則行進長距離之外 光由著色劑逐次吸收，從而可衰減成為白化原因之外光造 成之回光。 若鑑於如上所述之基本原理，則光擴散層之構成並不限 定於圖1所示者。光擴散層之第二實施形態顯示於圖3。 在圖3中，散射子12在光擴散層10中之厚度方向，偏向 液晶層側而分佈。散射子12彼此可以適當之間隔排列，可 接觸，亦可不規則地排列。 又，將圖4作為光擴散層之第三實施形態顯示。 在圖4中，散射子12以使於光擴散層之厚度方向呈複數 層的方式排列。散射子12亦彳未必形成規則之層狀。 再者，將圖5作為光擴散層之第四實施形態顯示。 在圖5中，於包含透光性聚合物14與散射子以之散射層 I4876l.doc 201116893 16之外側（觀察者側），設置有包含透光性聚合物14與著色 劑之著色層18。散射層16可不包含著色劑，亦可包含。 k圖2所示之背光與外光之各行進路徑可知，採用圖3、 圖4及圖5之構成之光擴散層，藉此由於使作為回光而觀察 之外光在光擴散層内行進更長距離，故可優先地衰減外 光。尤其是圖5之構成之光擴散層可有效地衰減外光。 再者’圖5所示之散射層16可採用如圖3及圖4所示散射 子12偏向膜厚方向之分佈。 可使用眾所周知之技術，對光擴散層10之外側施與抗反 射或杬眩處理。又，如圖6所示，亦可於光擴散層1〇導入 抗眩用粒子20。 以下’說明構成光擴散層之成份。 著色劑較佳為各種有機色素，但只要微細化至不會使圖 像之解析度顯著劣化之程度，且分散狀態良好，則亦可使 用有機顏料、無機顏料。具體而言，可使用碳黑、蒽醌系 化合物、茈系化合物、二重氮系化合物、酞菁系化合物、 異吲哚啉系化合物、二噁嗪系化合物等之眾所周知之有機 顏料、無機顏料。有機色素之種類並無特別限定。 著色劑可單獨使用一種，亦可組合複數種使用。一種或 複數組合光吸收劑而獲得之内部吸光度之光譜，理想而 吕’較佳為在可視光之波長域（大約38〇 nm〜大約75〇 之全域上，為大致相同之值。 作為液晶顯示器之背光光源，較多的是使用冷陰極管或 LEE>，通常在相當於紅（R)、綠（G)、藍（B)之主要3波長具 14876U, 201116893 有光強度之峰值。因此，在本發明t添加之色素之光吸收 如上所述，在可視光波長域全域内，可為未必相同之吸光 度（穿透率），亦可為在背光之主要3波長中，調整適當之吸 光度平衡者。 從顯示良好之白色之觀點，較佳為以使由背光光源發出 之光之主要波長下之光擴散層之各内部吸光度的差盡可能 地縮小而進行調整。例如，作為光源，使用主要波長為3 波長型之冷陰極管之情況，較佳為以使在約435 nm、約 545 nm及約615 nm之波長下之光擴散層之各内部吸光度之 間’差盡可能縮小而進行調整。 具體而言，由背光光源發出之光之主要波長下之光擴散 層的各内部吸光度之差較佳為〇 〇5以下，更佳為〇 〇2以 下，尤佳為0 · 〇 1以下。 此處，由背光光源發出之光之主要波長是指例如在一般 之冷陰極管為大約435 nm、大約545 nm、大約615 nm23 波長。又，亦有將主要波長為3波長以外之光源作為背光 使用之情況。例如，由於亦存在於藍•綠•紅之3波長添 加有深紅之4波長背光等，故該情況時，將該4波長設為主 要波長。再者，LED之情況時，存在具有與上述一般之冷 陰極管不同之主要波長之情況。 再者，由背光光源發出之光之主要波長即使通過用於控 帝J /、扣向性之光控制機構後，亦不會大幅偏移，但亦可配 合通過光控制機構後之光之主要波長，調整光擴散層之内 部吸光度。 J48761.doc 201116893 又，存在藉由設置於液晶單元之彩色濾光片或各層中之 樹脂，衰減特定波長之光，或偏移峰值波長之情況。該情 況時，可考慮即將入射至光擴散層之光之光譜，配合即將 入射至光擴散層之光之主要波長，調整光擴散層之内部吸 光度。 表1顯示配合一般之冷陰極管之主要波長，而調整内部吸 光度之本發明之光散射層之一例的内部吸光度及穿透率。 [表1]201116893 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a transmissive liquid crystal display device. [Prior Art] A transmissive liquid crystal display device is widely used as a representative flat panel display because of its excellent characteristics such as thinness, light weight, and low power consumption. In particular, it is popular as a television, a personal computer, a car display, a mobile phone, and the like. Since the liquid crystal itself is a non-light-emitting element, it can be roughly classified into three types: a penetrating type, a transflective type, and a reflection type depending on the manner of light irradiation from the light source. In the case where the external light is relatively weak, etc., it is possible to realize the image quality by stably illuminating the light of the appropriate intensity from the backlight. Therefore, in applications requiring high quality such as televisions, personal computer displays, etc., a transmissive liquid crystal display device is mainly used. The liquid crystal has a TN mode, a VA mode, a (10) mode, a 〇CB mode, and the like in terms of its molecular arrangement. In view of the fact that the viewing angles of the liquid crystal panels are in the normal direction (front direction), the design is such that the contrast f and the like are good, and the image quality in the oblique direction is good. It will also reduce the problem by 1 to solve the problem. #There is a method of using the viewing angle compensation film shown in Fig. H) and a method of expanding the light shown by the U. In the method of using the viewing angle compensation thin film, for example, as shown in Fig. 1A, the backlight of the wide-angle diffused light emitted from the backlight source 1 passes through the diffusing plate 2 and passes through the liquid crystal panel 4 having the viewing angle compensation film 3. Thus, in the method I using the viewing angle compensation film, the backlight is diffused by the use of light to the wide angle, so that the light portion is obliquely passed through the liquid layer in the liquid crystal panel 148761.doc 201116893. Therefore, in order to compensate for the phase difference between the light passing through the liquid crystal layer and the light passing through the tilt in the normal direction, the angle of view is used to complement the soil & _ 忾 1 male/special film 3. Currently, commercially available liquid crystal display devices use a viewing angle compensation film. Further, in Fig. 1A, although the case where two viewing angle compensation films are used is shown, there are cases where only Chuan or m is used. In addition, there is also a case where the transparent film and the function of the viewing angle compensation film are combined. The viewing angle compensation film is generally more expensive than other optical films because it must have a high degree of birefringence control. Further, the phase difference between the light passing through the liquid crystal layer in the normal direction and the light passing through is generally dependent on the wavelength. Therefore, although the viewing angle compensation film must be adjusted in such a manner as to have wavelength dispersion of birefringence suitable for the liquid crystal layer to be used, since the wavelength dispersion of birefringence is an inherent property of the substance, it is not easy to obtain an ideal characteristic. By. On the other hand, in the method of using the light diffusion layer, for example, as shown in FIG. ,, the light emitted from the backlight source and passing through the light guide plate 6 is substantially along the normal line in the order of the liquid crystal panel 4 and the light diffusion layer 5. The direction passes through the liquid crystal display panel. In this way, in the method of using the light diffusion layer, since the backlight group is high in directivity, most of the light passes through the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal panel substantially along the normal direction, so that it is not necessary to set the phase difference of the compensation light. The viewing angle compensates for the film, and since the light passing through the liquid crystal layer is diffused into a wide angle by the light diffusion layer 5, a wide viewing angle can be realized. Further, as for the light diffusion layer, for example, a transparent microparticle is deposited between the polarizing plate and the glass substrate, and a transparent diffusion material fills the light diffusion layer between the microparticles (for example, reference patent) Document i). = A method of using a light-diffusing film in which a transparency is dispersed in a transparency tree as a protective film for a polarizing plate has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 2). Two towels were dispensed in the material, and as a scatterer in the dispersed (four) amorphous resin, a flat shape was described. However, the method of using the light diffusion layer has a problem of lowering the contrast due to external light, and is hardly used. Further, a method of compensating for a film and a light-diffusing layer with a viewing angle has been proposed (for example, 'refer to Patent Document 3). In the patent document 3, a method of using a viewing angle compensation sheet and a light diffusion layer mainly comprising a liquid crystal compound to improve the viewing angle of the OCB mode, and a cellulose acetate film and a light diffusion layer having optical anisotropy are described. , a method to improve the perspective of the VA mode. However, the above problems with respect to the light diffusion layer remain unresolved. [PRIOR ART DOCUMENT] [Patent Document 1] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent No. 35 17975 (Patent Document 2) Japanese Patent No. 3822102 [Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent No. 4054670 (Invention) [Problem to be Solved by the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the invention is to provide a transmissive liquid crystal display device which suppresses a decrease in contrast caused by external light while achieving a wide viewing angle. [Technical means for solving the problem] 148761.doc - 5 - 201116893 The invention of claim 1 is a transmissive liquid crystal display device comprising at least: a backlight source; and a light control mechanism for controlling directivity of light emitted by the backlight source And a light-diffusing layer containing a transmissive liquid crystal cell, a light-transmitting polymer, a diffuser, and a coloring agent, on the side closer to the light control mechanism. The invention of claim 2 is the transmissive liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the light diffusing layer has an internal absorbance at a main wavelength of light emitted from the backlight source of 0.014 or more. The invention of claim 3 is the penetration type liquid crystal display device of the first aspect or the second aspect, wherein the light diffusion layer has an internal absorbance at a main wavelength of light emitted by the backlight source of 〇〇2〇 or more. . The invention of the present invention, wherein the light-diffusing layer is an internal absorbance at a main wavelength of light emitted by the backlight source, as described in any one of the first to third aspects. .〇28 or more, 0.062 or less. The penetrating liquid crystal display device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein the concentration of the scatterer in the light diffusion layer is in a film thickness direction of the light diffusion layer The upper side is higher on the liquid crystal cell side. The invention of the present invention, wherein the light-diffusing layer is dispersed in the light-transmitting polymer in which the scattering of the light-scattering particles is dispersed. a layer and a laminate comprising the light-transmitting polymer and the coloring layer of the coloring agent. [Effect of the Invention] 148761.doc • 6 - 201116893 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a transmissive liquid crystal display device which realizes a wide viewing angle while suppressing the contrast caused by external light. [Embodiment] The transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises at least: a backlight source; a light control mechanism for controlling directivity of light emitted by the backlight source; and a side closer to the light control mechanism, in order A penetrating liquid crystal cell, a light diffusing layer containing a light transmitting polymer, a scatterer, and a coloring agent. In general, in order to reduce the color shift caused by the viewing angle of the liquid crystal display, the viewing angle compensation film shown in Fig. 1A is used. The viewing angle compensation film must be given a wavelength dispersion of appropriate birefringence. However, the wavelength dispersion of birefringence is inherent in the material, and it is not easy to obtain a polymer having a desired wavelength dispersion. In the present invention, a method of using the light diffusion layer shown in Fig. 11 is employed: that is, a method of using a relatively high directivity backlight and a light diffusion layer. By adopting this method', it is possible to reduce the problem in the method of using the viewing angle compensation film by reducing the color direction of the viewing angle generated by the light passing through the light at a large angle with respect to the normal direction of the liquid crystal panel. Since the light-diffusing layer of the present invention contains a scatterer, the backlight having a relatively directivity is diffused, thereby realizing a broad viewing angle. Further, since the light-diffusing layer of the present invention contains a coloring agent such as a coloring matter, it has Absorbing 2' of the incident light and applying the light diffusion layer as a (transparent) protective layer attached to the side closer to the U than the liquid crystal cell, specifically, for example, on the observer side, or imparting the transparent protection The outer side of the layer, thereby suppressing the decrease in contrast. 148761 .doc 201116893 Here, in order to explain the function and function of the present invention, first, the original brother of the liquid crystal display using the light diffusion layer is first described. The pMMA polymer film (light diffusion layer) of alumina fine particles is disposed on the frontmost liquid crystal display (right half side), and is not disposed with 5 thin medium Photograph of the crystal display (left half side). Here, Fig. 12(A) is photographed in a state where the room is dimmed and the external light is not irradiated to the liquid crystal display. On the other hand, Fig. 12(B) is located at The fluorescent lamp of the ceiling of the room is turned on, and the light is photographed while being irradiated toward the liquid crystal display. Comparing Fig. 12 (A) and (B) ', it can be seen that when the light diffusion layer is disposed on the liquid crystal display, external light is irradiated. The contrast is reduced by whitening (the right side of Fig. i 2 (B)). Compared with the case of not irradiating the external light! In the case of 2 (a), in Fig. 12 (B) of the external light, whitening reduces the contrast. The reason is that after the external light is irradiated to the light diffusion layer, the light is returned to the outside of the light diffusion layer (the observer side). Thus, in the liquid crystal display using the light diffusion layer, there is external light. In the above situation, the inventors of the present invention found that light is added to a light-transmitting polymer by adding a scatterer for diffusing light and a colorant for absorbing light. Diffusion layer to maintain the image's fineness The light from the backlight is diffused into a wide angle while suppressing the whitening caused by the external light. The first embodiment of the light diffusion layer is shown in Fig. 1. In Fig. 1, in the light diffusion layer 10, the scattering 12 is dispersed. In the light-transmitting polymer 14, it is more preferable that the diffuser 12 is uniformly distributed in the case of the light-transmitting polymer 148761.doc 201116893 14. The light-transmitting polymer 14 further contains a coloring agent such as a pigment ( Here, it is estimated that the light diffusing layer 1 may contain a coloring agent, and the light returning light which is a cause of whitening may be attenuated. However, the present invention is not limited by such speculation. As indicated by the solid arrows in Fig. 2, the light reaching the observer's eyes in the light from the backlight is approximately (1) times to several times and then passed through the light diffusion layer 1. On the other hand, when the light reaches the light diffusing layer 10, the scatterer 12 repeats the scattering for a greater number of times and returns to the observer side. Therefore, the external light travels a longer distance in the light diffusion layer 10 than the light from the backlight (refer to the dotted arrow in Fig. 2). Here, when the light-diffusing layer 10 contains a coloring agent, the light is gradually absorbed by the coloring agent in a long distance, and the light which is caused by light other than whitening can be attenuated. In view of the basic principle as described above, the configuration of the light diffusion layer is not limited to that shown in Fig. 1. A second embodiment of the light diffusion layer is shown in FIG. In Fig. 3, the diffusers 12 are distributed in the thickness direction of the light diffusion layer 10 toward the liquid crystal layer side. The scatterers 12 may be arranged at an appropriate interval from each other, may be in contact, or may be arranged irregularly. Further, Fig. 4 is shown as a third embodiment of the light diffusion layer. In Fig. 4, the scatterers 12 are arranged in a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the light diffusion layer. The scatterer 12 also does not necessarily form a regular layer. Further, Fig. 5 is shown as a fourth embodiment of the light diffusion layer. In Fig. 5, a coloring layer 18 containing a light-transmitting polymer 14 and a coloring agent is provided on the outer side (observer side) of the scattering layer I4876l.doc 201116893 16 including the light-transmitting polymer 14 and the scattering element. The scattering layer 16 may not contain a colorant, and may also be included. k, the respective paths of the backlight and the external light shown in FIG. 2 are known to adopt the light diffusion layer of the configuration of FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, whereby the light is observed in the light diffusion layer as viewed as the return light. Longer distances give priority to attenuating external light. In particular, the light diffusing layer constructed as shown in Fig. 5 can effectively attenuate external light. Further, the scattering layer 16 shown in Fig. 5 can be distributed in the film thickness direction as shown in Figs. 3 and 4 . Antireflection or glare treatment can be applied to the outside of the light diffusion layer 10 using well-known techniques. Further, as shown in Fig. 6, the anti-glare particles 20 may be introduced into the light-diffusing layer 1A. The following describes the components constituting the light diffusion layer. The coloring agent is preferably a plurality of organic pigments, but an organic pigment or an inorganic pigment may be used as long as it is refined to such an extent that the resolution of the image is not significantly deteriorated and the dispersion state is good. Specifically, well-known organic pigments and inorganic pigments such as carbon black, an anthraquinone compound, an anthraquinone compound, a disazo compound, a phthalocyanine compound, an isoporphyrin compound, and a dioxazine compound can be used. . The type of the organic pigment is not particularly limited. The coloring agents may be used singly or in combination of plural kinds. The spectrum of the internal absorbance obtained by combining one or a plurality of light absorbers is preferably, and preferably, is in the wavelength range of visible light (about 38 〇 nm to about 75 Å, which is substantially the same value. As a liquid crystal display) The backlight source is mostly a cold cathode tube or LEE>, which is usually at the main 3 wavelengths corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B) with a peak intensity of 14876U, 201116893. Therefore, As described above, the light absorption of the dye added by the present invention may be an absorbance (penetration ratio) which is not necessarily the same in the entire visible light wavelength region, or may be adjusted to adjust the appropriate absorbance balance in the main three wavelengths of the backlight. From the viewpoint of displaying a good white color, it is preferable to adjust the difference in the internal absorbance of the light diffusion layer at the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight source as much as possible. For example, as a light source, the main use is used. In the case of a cold cathode tube having a wavelength of 3 wavelengths, it is preferable to minimize the difference between the internal absorbances of the light diffusion layers at wavelengths of about 435 nm, about 545 nm, and about 615 nm. Specifically, the difference in internal absorbance of the light diffusion layer at the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight source is preferably 〇〇5 or less, more preferably 〇〇2 or less, and particularly preferably 0 〇1 Here, the main wavelength of the light emitted by the backlight source is, for example, a wavelength of about 435 nm, about 545 nm, and about 615 nm 23 in a general cold cathode tube. Also, a light source having a main wavelength of 3 wavelengths or less In the case of a backlight, for example, a four-wavelength backlight having a deep red color is added to the three wavelengths of blue, green, and red. Therefore, in this case, the four wavelengths are set as the main wavelengths. There is a case where the main wavelength is different from that of the above-mentioned general cold cathode tube. Furthermore, the main wavelength of the light emitted by the backlight source does not pass through the light control mechanism for controlling the J / and the deduction. Large deviation, but can also adjust the internal absorbance of the light diffusion layer with the main wavelength of light passing through the light control mechanism. J48761.doc 201116893 Also, there is a color filter provided by the liquid crystal cell Or the resin in each layer, attenuating light of a specific wavelength, or shifting the peak wavelength. In this case, the spectrum of the light incident on the light diffusion layer may be considered, and the main wavelength of the light to be incident on the light diffusion layer may be matched. The internal absorbance of the light-diffusing layer was adjusted. Table 1 shows the internal absorbance and transmittance of an example of the light-scattering layer of the present invention which adjusts the internal absorbance in accordance with the main wavelength of a general cold cathode tube. [Table 1]
如表1所不’考慮作為光源使用之由背光光源發出之光 之主要波長’較佳為以使在該主要波長中之光擴散層之各 内邠吸光度之差縮小，而進行調整。 另一方面，來自背朵夕土 Μ 可尤之先以盡可能不被光擴散層10中之 著色劑吸收的方式穿透5|丨& &々h J達觀察者，從提高亮度之觀點為 較佳。因此，光擴散層1 0由 + 中之者色劑之含量較佳為以位於 一面使外光之回光衰滤，A丄 ^ 一面抑制來自背光之光之損失般 之吸光度之範圍内的方式，進行調整。 因此，從使外光衰減且抑制來自背光之光之衰減之才 明之目的’較佳為將由背光光源發出之光之主要波長之 擴散層之内部吸光度調整為G.G14以上，更佳為0.似 上’尤佳為0.028以上 將由背光光源發出之光 >若進而考慮正面亮度，則較佳為 之主要波長之光擴散層之内部吸光 148761.doc •12- 201116893 度調整為0.014以上、0.095以下之範圍，更佳為0.014以 上、0.088以下之範圍，尤佳為0.020以上、〇.〇88以下之範 圍’尤佳為0.028以上、〇·〇88以下之範圍’尤佳為0 028以 上、0.062以下之範圍。 光擴散層中之透光性聚合物14及散射子12較佳為以使各 折射率之組合、或散射子丨2之大小為適當之值，而進行適 宜選擇。藉由該等之調整，可由散射子12散射來自背光之 光’從而實現廣角之視角，且有效率地通過光擴散層，呈 現高亮度。再者，藉由該等之調整，可抑制附設有光擴散 層而造成之圖像之老化。 具體而言，作為用於光擴散層之透光性聚合物14，可使 用以二醋酸纖維素為代表之纖維素衍生物、以聚甲基丙烯 酸曱酯為代表之丙烯酸聚合物、以聚碳酸酯為代表之環烯 烴聚合物、降莰烯系聚合物等各種之透光性聚合物，但並 不限定於此等。又，用於光擴散層之透光性聚合物14可為 均聚物或共聚物，亦可使用摻合有聚合物者。再者，該等 之水合物可為幾乎不含其它添加物之高純度之聚合物，亦 可含有可塑劑等之各種添加物.再者，該透光性聚合物Μ 可為具有黏著性之聚合物。 透光性聚合物14之折射率由於係根據與添加之散射子12 等之組合而適宜選擇，故不能一概特定而論，一般較佳為 L33丨.65，更佳為丨.45〜丨.60。例如，三醋酸纖維素之折 射率為1.48，聚曱基丙烯酸甲酯之折射率為丨的。 作為散射子12，較佳為透光性之粒子。具體而言，可使 148761.doc •13- 1. 201116893 用氧化鋁粒子、矽氧聚合物、三聚氰胺·曱醛縮合物粒 子、苯并三聚氰胺（Benzoguanamine).甲醛縮合物粒子、 苯并三聚氰胺•三聚氰胺•甲醛縮合物粒子、氧化鈦粒 子、二氧化矽粒子等，但並不限定於此等。 月欠射子12之平均粒控由於係根據與上述之透光性聚合物 14等之組合而適宜選擇，故不能一概特定而論，一般較佳 為〇.〇5 μπι以上25 μπι以下，更佳為〇1 μιη以上2〇 μιηα 下’尤佳為0.8 μιη以上18 μπι以下。 散射子之折射率由於亦是根據與上述之透光性聚合物等 之組合而適宜選擇，故不能一概特定而論，一般較佳為 1.40〜2.75，更佳為1.43〜1.9。又，散射子12之折射率與透 光性聚合物14之折射率之差’較佳為25，更佳為 0.03〜0.30。上述範圍之折射率差從光擴散效果之觀點來看 為較佳。 散射子12相對於透光性聚合物丨4之含有率由於係根據透 光性聚合物14之種類、或散射子12之種類或大小而適宜選 擇，故不能一概特定而論，一般較佳為〇.丨質量％以上、5〇 質量°/〇以下’更佳為0.5質量％以上、15質量％以下。 如上所述’本發明之光擴散層具有擴散光之功能與吸收 光之功能。 就光擴散功能’可藉由比較在後述之穿透型液晶顯示裝 置之構成中（參照圖7) ’入射至液晶面板前（相當於入射至 圖7之透明保護層26前）之背光之亮度之角度分佈，與來自 該背光之光通過液晶面板，在光擴散層擴散後之亮度之角 14876l.doc 201116893 度分佈而進行評估。 更簡單而言，可測定於透光性聚合物添加有散射子之薄 膜狀4料之霧度（Haze、霧度），從而進行評估。 為在光擴散層，以獲得充分之視角的方式，擴散來自邊 緣=明式背光之指向性相對較高之光，一般需要桃以上 之務度。但必要之霧度係依存於來自背光之光之擴散程 度、與在光擴散層穿透後所欲獲得之光之擴散程度。 例，’若欲從指向性非常高、且亮度角度分佈之半高寬 為30左右以下之背光之光，獲得一般之液晶電視程度之 儿度角度分佈之擴散，則霧度較佳為7〇%以上，更佳為 80%以上。 又，使用亮度角度分佈之半高寬為3〇。左右以下之指向 性兩之背光的情況時，由背光光源發出之光之主要波長的 光擴散層之内部吸光度較佳為調整成0.028以上，更佳為 0.028以上〇·_以下之範圍’尤佳為G()28以上g嶋以下之 範圍’而0.055以上〇.〇62以下之範圍從—面顯示良好之黑 色一面維持高正面亮度之觀點來看較佳。 另方Φ ’若使用指向性較低之背光，則即使為霧度較 低者，亦可充分擴散。例如，亮度角度分佈之半高寬大於 30 、50°以下左右之具有適中之指向性之背光的情況霧 度較佳為60%以上，更佳為7〇%以上。 又使用冗度角度分佈之半高寬大於30。、50。以下左右 之具有適中之指向性之背光的情況時，由背光光源發出之 光之主要波長之光擴散層的内部吸光度較佳為調整成〇〇2〇 148761.doc -15- 201116893 以上，更佳為G.G2G以上〇.〇95以下之範圍，尤佳狀咖以 上0.068以下之範圍，而GG29以上Q糊以下之範圍從一面 顯示良好之黑色-面維持高正面亮度之觀點來看較佳。 如上所述，雖因來自使用之背光之光之指向性的不同， 録之霧度值或内部吸光度之範圍略微㈣，但在後述之 =施例中，亦顯示㈣從抑制畫面之白色化之觀點，任何 指向f生之光’肖只要將光擴散層之内部吸光度調整成 〇. 014以上，則會奏效之情況。 就吸收光之功能’可以市售之測定機測定吸光度（或穿 透率），藉此而進行評估。測定係使用於透光性聚合物添 加有光吸收劑之薄膜狀試料。此時，可使用未添加光吸收 劑之比較㈣膜狀試料敎基線，藉此消除在試料表面之 反射之影響。將如此獲得之在薄膜内部之吸光度定義為内 部吸光度。根據内部吸光度可求得衰減率及穿透率。將其 ^別定義為内部衰減率（％)及㈣穿透率（％)。若總和内部 衰減率及内部穿透率，則為1 00〇/〇。 最後，基於上述評估結果，將適宜設計之光擴散層設置 於圖7所示之構成之穿透型液晶顯示裝置，評估其效果。 作為光擴散層10之製作方法，舉例有例如調製包含透光 散射子12 '及著色劑’進而因應需要包含溶 媒等之塗布液，並以眾所周知之方法將該塗布液塗布至透 明保護膜26等之液晶單元之最外層上的方法。 其次’說明穿透型液晶顯示裝置。 本發明之穿透型液晶顯示裂置至少包含：背光光源；控 148761.doc 201116893 制由上述背光光源發出之光之指向性之光控制機構；及從 距離上述光控制機構較近之侧，依序為穿透型之液晶單 元、含有透光性聚合物、散射子著色劑之光擴散層。 使用圖7 ’說明本發明之穿透型液晶顯示裝置之具體構 成之一例。 在圖7中，由背光光源22發出之光為通過導光板24，具 有指向性之光，且該光通過透明保護層26、偏光膜28、透 明保護層26、玻璃基板30、液晶層32、彩色濾光片34、玻 璃基板30、透明保護層26、偏光膜28、透明保護層26，在 光擴散層10擴散。 在圖7之穿透型液晶顯示裝置中，作為本發明之液晶單 元’顯示有依序積層有透明保護層26、偏光膜28、透明保 護層26、玻璃基板3〇、液晶層32、彩色濾光片34、玻璃基 板30、透明保護層26、偏光膜28、及透明保護層26者。但 並不限定於如此之構成，只要至少具有液晶層32即可，可 適且選擇各構件之使用片數等，又，亦可附設該等以外之 構件。 例如，亦可合併與圖7記載之光擴散層1〇相鄰之透明保 護層26、與光擴散層10,將光擴散層作為保護層使用。合 併透明保護層26與光擴散層1〇，使光擴散層兼具保護層設 置之情況時，可利用溶液流延製膜法、熔融擠壓法等之眾 所周知之製膜方法，將該光擴散層製作為薄膜，並利用眾 所周知之方法，貼合於偏光膜28，藉此而製作。 又，可在用於貼合偏光膜28與外側之透明保護層％之黏 148761.doc 201116893 著劑層（未圖示）中，添加散射子12及著色劑，將該黏著劑 層作為光擴散層。該黏著劑層含有黏著性之聚合物，且該 黏著性之聚合物係作為透光性聚合物而被含有。 本發明之穿透型液晶顯示裝置所具備之光擴散層1〇只要 係3有透光性聚合物、散射子及著色劑者即可，可為圖^ 所不之第一態樣之光擴散層、圖3所示之第二態樣之光擴 散層、圖4所不之第三態樣之光擴散層、圖5所示之第四態 樣之光擴散層、且圆6所示之導入有抗眩用粒子2〇之光擴 散層中任一者皆可。 作為背光光源22,較佳為冷陰極管，但並不限定於此， 亦可使用熱陰極管、LED等。關於㈣，可使用白色 led，亦可混用紅、綠、藍之LED，製作白色。 又，可將雷射二極體等之雷射作為背光光源使用。特別 是發出經偏光之光之雷射由於可獲得高效率，故適合本發 明之穿透型液晶顯示裝置。雷射二極體與哪同樣地，可 摻合幾種顏色之光而製作白色。 作為導光板24，可適用眾所周知者。 又，在圖7之穿透型液晶顯示裝置中，作為光源部， 備有背光光源22、與導光板24，但亦可進—步附設其他 構件。例如，作為背光用之構件，可將—般所使用之用 提高亮度之稜鏡片、具有稜鏡構造之擴散板、具有光再 環功能之反射型偏光膜（例如’ 3M公司之dbef等）等配 於導光板與液晶面板之間。在圖7中省略記載…分 可將反射片、光源反射板等之構件配置於導光板之二、 148761.doc •18- 201116893 又，在圖7之穿透型液晶顯示裝置中，藉由導光板㈣ 為具有指向性之光，但亦可藉由導光板以外之機構控制光 之指向性。例如，如圖10所示，亦可取代導光板，以適當 之間隔配置冷陰極管，且設置擴散板2，於該擴散板2上配 置具有聚光之功能的薄膜，或對擴散板其本身施與微細加 工利用具有聚光功能之擴散板。再者，取代冷陰極管， 利用LED、LD等之發出指向性更高之光之元件的情況，亦 可使用擴散片或擴散板，略微降低從該等之元件發出之光 之指向性而使用。X，亦可以在該等之元件中適宜組合如 業已在照明用途中使用之導光零件、聚光零件、光反射零 件，使得成為適度之亮度之角度分佈的方式進行調整。 作為牙透型之液晶單元（液晶層）32，可適用眾所周知之 穿透型之液晶單元。又，就用於本發明之穿透型液晶顯示 裝置之透明保護層26、偏光膜28、玻璃基板3〇、彩色濾光 片34,亦可適宜適用眾所周知者。再者，本發明之穿透型 液晶顯示裝置亦可同時使用本發明之光擴散層與視角補償 薄膜。 本發明之使用有光擴散層之穿透型液晶顯示裝置即使不 使用視角補償薄膜，亦可實現廣闊之視角。再者，在本發 明之使用光擴散層之穿透型液晶顯示裝置中，可抑制對比 度之降低。 為在光擴散層擴散指向性相對較高之光，以獲得充分之 視角，一般而言，必須於光擴散層含有更多散射子，從而 提南霧度。光擴散層含有大量之散射子之結果，顯著出現 148761.doc -19- 201116893 如圖12所示之外光之白化’而在先前之光擴散層中，困難 的是充份發揮指向性高之背光。 然而，若使用本發明之光擴散層，則即使在使用指向性 相對較高之背光時，亦可一面抑制白化，一面充分地實現 廣闊之視角。 [實施例] 以下，基於實施例更詳細地說明本發明，但本發明並非 限定於該等之實施例。 [實施例1] <光擴散層之製作> 以如下所述之方法，製作圖i所示之單層之光擴散層。 於二氯甲烷t添加三醋酸纖維素，使之溶解，均一地授 拌後調製聚合物溶液。於表面平滑之不鏽鋼基板上塗布該 溶液，並使溶媒揮發，從而製作厚度大約50 μηΐ2透明保 護層。 μ 另一方面，於二氯曱烷中添加聚甲基丙烯酸曱酿、紅 色、藍色及黃色之有機色素，進而添加氧化鋁微粒子(平 均粒徑1.1 μηι)，均一地攪拌後調製分散液。 再者’紅色、藍色及黃色之有機色素係以相對於聚甲美 丙烯酸甲自旨成為下述表2之濃度（質量％)的方式添力。。又: 氧化鋁微粒子相對於聚甲基丙烯酸甲酿1〇 亡1 Λ併艮，.、 添加 上述分散液適宜調整二氣 度之光擴散層，且易於塗布 曱烷濃度’以便獲得目標之厚 。將該分散液塗布於上述透明 148761.doc -20- 201116893 保焱層，獲得厚度大約3〇 μηι之光擴散層11〜14。 <内邛吸光度、内部衰減率、及内部穿透率之測定〉 為内部吸光度•内部衰減率•内部穿透率測定用，製作 從上述之組成之光擴散層僅除去氧化鋁微粒子之組成的薄 膜（測定用試料）。 知則定用忒料之製作’ f先於二氯曱烷中添加聚曱基丙烯 ^甲酉曰、紅色、藍色及黃色之有機色素，均__地授摔後調 '液於表面平滑之不鏽鋼基板上塗布該溶液，使溶媒 揮I從而製作厚度大約30 μηι之測定用試料11〜14。 者測定用4料11〜14分別相當於上述光擴散層η〜14。 —將測定用試料11〜14之薄膜，使用市售之分光光度計測 疋内邛吸光度•内部衰減率•内部穿透率。 此處/部吸光度是指於透光性聚合物未添加氧化銘粒 子等之政射子’而添加有光吸收物質之薄膜之吸光度。是 指不包含在薄膜表面之反射，而是在薄膜内部之光吸收之 吸光度。 内部衰減率係、由内部吸光度換算之衰減率（％)。 又’内部穿透率係由下述算式算出之值。 [内部穿透率M〇〇(%) [内部衰減率] 、者衣作從上述組成除去氧化銘微粒子及有機色素之 組成之聚合物薄膜。將使用其測定之值設為基準(基線)， ^丁上述之薄膜之敎，從而求得除去表面反射造成之損 :内部吸光度·内部衰減率·内部穿透率。將結果顯示 於表2。 148761.doc •21 - 201116893 内部穿透率 615 nm 96.6% 93.1% 86.7% 82.0% 545 nm 96.8% 1_ 93.8% 88.1% 83.8% 435 nm 96.8% 87.7% 83.4% 内部衰減率 615 nm 1 1 3.4% 6.9% 13.3% 18.0% 545 nm 3.2% 6.2% 魏 16.2% 435 nm 3.2% 6.2% 1 12.3% 16.6% 内部吸光度 615 nm 0.015 1_ 0.031 0.062 1 0.087 545 nm 0.014 i_ 0.028 0.055 0.077 1 435 nm 0.014 0.028 0.057 Π 0.079 I 有機色素濃度[質量％] i .. 伞c 0.00125 0.0025 0.005 0.007 谰 0.0125 0.025 0.05 0.07 I 4 0.0125 0.025 0.05 0.07 試料11 試料12 試料π 試料14 1 148761.doc -22- 201116893 又，圖8顯示上述測定用試料u〜14之内部吸光度光譜， 圖9顯示上述測定用試仙以之内部穿透率光譜。 <霧度之評估> 為評估光擴散層之霧度（haze)，製作不添加有機色素， 而僅添加相同濃度之氧化銘微粒子（平均粒徑m㈣之聚 合物薄膜（霧度測定用試料）。 霧度測定用試料之槊作，在IA ^ ^ ^係百先於二氣甲烷中添加聚甲 基丙稀酸曱醋、ffi 4卜叙例·私工 ,, 、” 乳化鋁微粒子，均一地攪拌後調製分散 液。氧化鋁微粒子相對於聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯ι〇〇質量份， 添加有10質量份。於表面平滑之不鏽鋼基板上塗布該分散 液，使溶媒大致揮發，從而獲得厚度大約30叫之霧度測 定用試料。 以霧度測量儀（日本電色工業股份有限公司、N D Η 2 0 0 0) 測定該霧度測定用試料之結果，霧度大約為91%。 〈晝面白色化之評估> 對圖7之構成之穿透型液晶顯示元件賦^上述光擴散層 11〜14，進行評估。液晶面板係使用va^，作為背光光 源，使用主要波長為大約435 nm、大約545⑽及大約615 nm之冷陰極管。又’以螢光燈從畫面之前方傾斜大約似 照射’以使成為-般之起居室程度之照度即大约1〇〇 ^， 評估晝面之白色化。評估時將畫面設為黑顯示。 其結果，内部吸光度越高之試料，越能降低白色化。内 部吸光度若為0.GM，則可實用，若為GG28以上，則幾乎 觀察不到白色化，尤其在0.〇55以上之試料13與試料14中 148761.doc •23· 201116893 顯示有良好之黑色。 <亮度角度分佈之測定> 在用於評估上述晝面之白色化之穿透型液晶顯示元件 中使用冗度计（TOPCON股份有限公.司' BM-7 F A S T)測定 正面亮度及亮度角度分佈。測定係將晝面作為白顯示而進 行。 入射至液晶面板前（相當於入射至圖7之透明保護層％ 前）之背光之亮度之角度分佈’半高寬為大約3〇度。來自 該背光之光通過液晶面板，在最前面之光擴散層擴散之結 果’係在任意之光擴散層11〜14中，半高寬均為大約7〇 度。 用於比較，亦就具備視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板， 測定正面亮度及亮度角度分佈。具備該視角補償薄膜之先 前之液晶面板為市售之液晶顯示器，不具有光擴散層，亦 不具備如本發明般之添加有著色劑之層。 具備視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板之畫面，由於亮度 角度分佈之半高寬為大約70度，故可根據上述結果，確認 需具有必要之亮度角度分佈寬度，以使即使使用指向性高 之背光，亦可獲得充分之視角。 再者，就垂直方向之亮度角度分佈，亦可獲得大致相同 之特性。再者，如表3所示，就正面亮度而言，係有機色 素之添加濃度越高則越低。若由背光光源發出之光之主要 波長之内部吸光度為0.062以下，則可獲得與具備視角補 償薄膜之先前之液晶面板之晝面同程度以上之正面宾产、 148761.doc -24- 201116893 亮度角度分佈寬度。 [表3] 有機色素濃度[質量％] 正面亮度 fcd/m2] 紅 藍 黃 — 光擴散層11 0.0125 0.0125 0.00125 201 光擴散層12 0.025 0.025 0.0025 195 光擴散層13 0.05 0.05 0.005 183 光擴散層14 0.07 0.07 0.007 174 具備視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板 182 如上所述，形成由背光光源發出之光之主要波長之内部 吸收光為大約0.062以下之範圍的光擴散層，藉此獲得具 有與具備圖10所示之視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板之畫面 同程度以上之正面亮度及亮度角度分佈寬度的液晶顯示器。 尤其是在由背光光源發出之光之主要波長之内部吸光度為 0.028〜0.062之範圍的光擴散層中，可獲得良好之特性。 在該等之液晶顯示器中’幾乎不會產生光擴散層造成之 圖像之老化。再者，儘管未使用視角補償薄膜之構成，亦 可獲得與具備圖10所示之視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板 大致同等之視角。 [實施例2] <光擴散層之製作> 以如下所述之方法，製作圖4所示之單層之光擴散層 21〜24 。 首先’與實施例1同樣地，準備透明保護層。 另一方面，於二氯甲烷中添加與實施例丨同樣之聚甲基 丙烯酸曱酯、紅色、藍色及黃色之有機色素，進而添加二 148761.doc -25- 201116893 聚氰胺•甲醛縮合物微粒子（平均粒徑l 3 ，均一地攪 拌後調製分散液。 再者，紅色、藍色及黃色之有機色素係以相對於聚甲基 丙烯酸甲酯成為下述表4之濃度（質量％)的方式添加。又， 一聚氰胺•甲醛縮合物微粒子相對於聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 100質量份，添加有5質量份。 上述分散液適宜調整二氯f烷濃度，以便獲得目標之厚 度之光擴散層，且易於塗布。將該分散液塗布於上述透明 保護層’獲得厚度大約3〇 μηι之光擴散層。 以穿透型電子顯微鏡觀察所獲得之光擴散層之剖面，從 而確認添加之透光性微粒子（三聚氰胺•甲醛縮合物微粒 子）’如圖4所示，在光擴散層中偏向存在於其中一表面側。 <内部吸光度、内部衰減率、及内部穿透率之測定> 為内部吸光度•内部衰減率•内部穿透率測定用，製作 從上述之組成之光擴散層僅除去三聚氰胺.曱醛縮合物微 粒子之組成的薄膜（測定用試料21〜24)。測定用試料21〜24 之製作方法係依照實施例1之測定用試料丨i — M之製作方 法將°亥專之薄膜使用市售之分光光度計’測定内部吸光 度·内部衣減率·内部穿透率。 又，製作從上述組成除去三聚氰胺•曱醛縮合物微粒子 及有機色素之組成之聚合物薄膜。將使用其測定之值設為 基準（基線）’進行上述之薄膜之測定，藉此求得除去表面 反射造成之損失之内部吸光度•内部衰減率·内部穿透 率。將結果顯示於表4。 148761 .doc • 26 · 201116893 寸 内部穿透率 615 nm 96.6% 93.1% 86.7% 82.0% 545 nm 96.8% 93.8% 88.1% 83.8% 435 nm 96.8% 93.8% 87.7% 83.4% 内部衰減率 615 nm 3.4% -1 6.9% 13.3% 18.0% 545 nm 3.2% ； 6.2% 11.9% 16.2% 435 nm 3.2% 6.2% 1 12.3% 16.6% 内部吸光度 615 nm 0.015 0.031 1 0.062 0.087 545 nm 0.014 0.028 0.055 0.077 435 nm 0.014 0.028 1 0.057 0.079 有機色素濃度[質量％] ήκ 0.00125 1 0.0025 1 0.005 0.007 0.0125 0.025 1 0.05 0.07 4 0.0125 0.025 1 0.05 0.07 試料21 試料22 試料23 試料24 148761.doc 201116893 <霧度之評估> 為評估光擴散層之霧度’製作不添加有機色素，而僅添 加相同濃度之二聚氰胺•甲醛縮合物微粒子（平均粒徑i 3 μΓΠ)之膜厚為大約3〇 μΓη之聚合物薄膜（霧度測定用試料）。 該霧度測定用試料之製作方法係依照實施们之霧度測定 用試料之製作方法。 以霧度測里儀（日本電色工業股份有限公司、ndh2〇〇〇) 測定所製作之霧度測定賴料之結果，霧度為大約94%。 <晝面白色化之評估> 對圖7之構成之穿透型液晶顯示元件賦予上述光擴散層 21 24，進仃光擴散層之評估。液晶面板係使用va型者， 作為背光，使用有主要波長為大約435 nm、大約Μ⑽及 大約615 η"之冷陰極管。又’以螢光燈從畫面之前方傾斜 大、’勺45度照射’以使成為_般之起居室程度之照度即大約 100 1評估畫面之白色化。評估時將晝面設為黑顯示。 其結果’内部吸光度越高之試料，越能降低白色化。由 月光光源發出之光之主要波長之内部吸光度若為〇川， 則可實用’若為0.028以上，則幾乎觀察不到白色化尤 其在由背光光源發出之光之主要波長之内部吸光度為 0:55以上之試料23與試料“中顯示有良好之黑色。 <亮度角度分佈之測定> 在用於S平估上述畫面之白色化之穿透型液晶顯示元件 I ’使用亮度計（TOPCON股份有限公司、bm_7Fast)，測 疋正面焭度及亮度角度分佈。測定係將畫面作為白顯示而 148761.doc •28· 201116893 進行。 入射至液晶面板前（相當於入射至圖7之透明保護層26 前）之背光之亮度之角度分佈，半高寬為大約30度。來自 該背光之光通過液晶面板，在最前面之光擴散層擴散之結 果，在任意之光散射層21〜24中，半高寬均為大約70度。 具備視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板之晝面，由於亮度 角度分佈之半高寬為大約70度，故可根據上述結果，確認 需具有必要之亮度角度分佈寬度，以使即使使用指向性高 之背光，亦可獲得充分之視角。 再者，就垂直方向之亮度角度分佈，亦可獲得大致相同 之特性。再者，如表5所示，就正面亮度而言，係有機色 素之添加濃度越高則越低。若由背光光源發出之光之主要 波長之内部吸光度為0.062以下，則可獲得與具備視角補 償薄膜之先前之液晶面板之晝面同程度以上之正面亮度、 亮度角度分佈寬度。 [表5] 有機色素濃度[質量°/。] 正面亮度 [cd/m2] 紅 藍 黃 光擴散層21 0.0125 0.0125 0.00125 208 光擴散層22 0.025 0.025 0.0025 201 光擴散層23 0.05 0.05 0.005 189 光擴散層24 0.07 0.07 0.007 179 具備視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板 182 [實施例3] 以如下所述之方法，製作圖5所示之積層之光擴散層， 即在於透光性聚合物添加有散射子之散射層16之外側（觀 148761.doc •29· 201116893 察者側）’制於透光性聚合物添加有著色劑之著色層Μ 者。作為透光性聚合物，選擇三醋酸纖維素。 <光擴散層之製作> 首先’將三醋酸纖維素溶解於二氣^，進而添加氧化 銘微粒子(平均粒徑u㈣’均一地授拌後調製分散液- 1。氧化鋁微粒子相對於三醋酸纖維素1〇〇質量份，添加有 10質量份。分散液_丨適宜調整m濃度，以便獲得目 標之膜厚，且易於塗布。 另一方面’將三醋酸纖維素與紅色、藍色及黃色之有機 色素溶解於二氯甲&，均一地授拌調製溶液_卜紅色、藍 色及黃色之有機色素以相對於三醋酸纖雉素成為下述表6 之濃度（質量。/。）的方式添加。溶液]適宜調整二氯甲燒濃 度’以便獲得目標之膜厚，且易於塗布。 在以與實施例1相同之方法準備之透明保護層塗布上述 分散液-1，獲得厚度大約30 μιη之散射層16。進而於散射 層16上，塗布上述溶液_丨，形成厚度大約3〇 μιη之著色層 18 ’從而獲得光擴散層31〜34。 S <内部吸光度.内部衰減率及内部穿透率之測定> 為内部吸光度•内部衰減率•内部穿透率測定用，製作 與著色層18同等之組成之薄膜（測定用試料31〜3句。該測 定用試料31〜34之製作方法係依照實施例i之測定用試料 11〜14之製作方法。薄膜厚度設為大約3〇 μιηβ將該尊之薄 膜，使用市售之分光光度計，測定内部吸光度•内部衰減 率·内部穿透率。 148761.doc 30- 201116893 又’製作不添加色+ 说古取人此 巴素，僅有聚合物之薄臈。 定之值設為基準（基線），進行上述之薄膜之測 得除去表面反射造成之損失之内部吸光度·内 將結果顯示於表6。 將使用其測 定，從而求 部穿透率。 148761.doc • 31- 201116893 【9<】 内部穿透率 615 nm 96.4% 92.9% 1 86.5% 81.7% 1 545 nm 96.6% 93.5% 87.9% .. …― 83.6% 435 nm 96.6% 93.5% 87.7% 83.2% 内部衰減率 ί 615 nm 3.6% 7.1% 13.5% 18.3% I 545 nm 3.4% 6.5% 12.1% 16.4% 435 nm 3.4% 6.5% 12.5% 16.8% 内部吸光度 1 615 nm 0.016 0.032 0.062 0.088 1 545 nm 0.015 0.029 0.056 0.078 435 nm 0.015 0.029 0.058 0.080 有機色素濃度 [質量％] ήκ 0.00125 0.0025 0.005 0.007 0.0125 0.025 0.05 0.07 4 0.0125 0.025 0.05 0.07 試料31 試料32 試料33 試料34 -32 148761.doc 201116893 <霧度之評估> 為評估光擴散層之霧度，製作與上述實施例3之散射層 16同等組成之薄膜（霧度測定用試料）。該霧度測定用試料 之製作方法係依照實施例丨之霧度測定用試料之製作方 法。 以霧度測量儀（日本電色工業股份有限公司、n d h 2 〇 〇 〇) 測定所製作之霧度測定用試料之結果，霧度為大約咖。 <晝面白色化之評估〉 對圖7之構成之穿透型液晶顯示元件賦予上述光散射層 3卜34，進行光擴散層之評估。液晶面板係使用va型者， 作為#光使用有主要波長為大約435⑽、大約請及 大約615⑽之冷陰極管。又，以螢光燈從晝面之前方傾斜 大約45度照射，以使成為一般之起居室程度之照度即大約 100 lx.，評估畫面之白色化。評估時將畫面設為黑顯示。 二、:果Θ部吸光度越南之試料，越能降低白色化。由 皮光光、原么出之光之主要波長之内部吸光度若為0014 ’ 則可實用，若為0.029以上，則幾乎觀察不到白色化，尤 广在由#光光源發出之光之主要波長之内部吸光度為 0.056以上之試料33與試料34中顯示有良好之黑色。 〈壳度角度分佈之測定> 在用於坪估上述畫面之白色化之穿透型液晶顯示元件 中使用儿度°十（丁0pCON股份有限公司、BM-7FAST)，測 定正面亮度及亮度之水平方向之角度分佈。測定係將畫面 作為白顯不而進行。入射至使用之背光之液晶面板前（相 148761.doc •33- 201116893 當於入射至圖7之透明保護層26前）之亮度之角度分佈，半 高寬為大約30度。來自該背光之光通過液晶面板，在最前 面之光擴散層擴散之結果，在任意之光擴散層中，半高寬 均為大約70度。 具備視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板之畫面，由於亮度 角度分佈之半高寬為大約70度，故可確認需具有必要之亮 度角度分佈寬度，以使即使使用指向性高之背光，亦可獲 得充分之視角。 就正面亮度而言，如表7所示，係有機色素之添加濃度 越高則越低。若由背光光源發出之光之主要波長之内部吸 光度為0.062以下，則可獲得與具備視角補償薄膜之先前 之液晶面板之畫面同程度以上之正面亮度、亮度角度分佈 寬度。 [表7] 有機色素濃度[質量％] 正面亮度 [cd/m2] 紅 藍 黃 光擴散層31 0.0125 0.0125 0.00125 205 光擴散層32 0.025 0.025 0.0025 199 光擴散層33 0.05 0.05 0.005 187 光擴散層34 0.07 0.07 0.007 178 具備視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板 182 以上，根據實施例1〜3，儘管未使用視角補償薄膜之構 成，亦可獲得與具備圖10所示之視角補償薄膜之先前之液 晶面板之畫面大致同等之視角。 又，根據實施例1〜3，形成相當於由背光光源發出之光 之主要波長之内部吸光度為大約0.062以下之範圍的光擴 148761.doc • 34· 201116893 散層，從而可良好地減少白色化，獲得具有與具備圖1 0所 示之視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板之畫面同程度以上的 正面亮度及亮度角度分佈寬度之液晶顯示器。尤其是在由 背光光源發出之光之主要波長之内部吸光度為0.028〜0.062 之範圍内，可獲得良好之特性。 再者’在具備實施例1〜3之光擴散層之液晶顯示器中， 幾乎不會產生光擴散層造成之圖像之老化。 再者，先前未於穿透型液晶顯示裝置之光擴散層添加著 色劑。其到底係由於未假定將著色劑利用於防止外光引起 之對比度之降低’但亦有可能存在著色劑吸收來自背光之 光而導致亮度顯著降低之虞，從而推測未必有積極添加著 色劑之理由。然而，如實施例id之結果所示，即使添加 著色劑，亦可呈現與先前之液晶顯示裝置同程度以上之亮 度’且可抑制外光造成之對比度之降低。 [實施例4] <光擴散層之製作> 以如下所述之方法，製作光擴散層41〜45。 首先，與實施例1同樣地’準備透明保護層。 另一方面，於醋酸乙醋中分別添加CI.U 48:3(山陽色素股份有限公司）、C.L Pigment Blue 15:1(銅 化合物山陽色素股份有限公司）、C I. Μ (山陽色素股份有限公司），作為聚甲基丙烯酸曱醋、红 色、藍色及黃色之有機顏料，進而添加氧化㈣粒子（平 均粒徑1.1㈣’均-地攪拌後調製分散液。 148761.doc •35· 201116893 再者’紅色、藍色及黃色之有機顏料係以相對於聚甲基 丙烯酸曱酯成為下述表8之濃度（質量％)的方式添加。又， 氧化銘微粒子相對於聚曱基丙烯酸曱酯i 00質量份，添如 有5質量份。 上述分散液適宜調整醋酸乙酯濃度，以便獲得目標之厚 度之光擴散層，且易於塗布。將該分散液塗布於上述透明 保護層，獲得厚度大約3〇 μιη之光擴散層41〜45。 <内部吸光度.内部衰減率及内部穿透率之測定> 為内部吸光度.内部衰減率•内部穿透率測定用，製作 從上述組成之光擴散層僅除去氧化鋁微粒子之組成之薄膜 (測定用試料41〜45)。該測定用試料41〜45之製作方法係依 ”、、貫她例1之測疋用試料i丨〜丨*之製作方法。將該等之薄 膜使用市售之分光光度計，測定内部吸光度•内部衰減 率·内部穿透率。 表8 又’製作從上述組成除去氧化紹微粒子及有機色素之組 成之聚合物薄臈。將使用其測定之值設為基準（基線），進 行上述之薄膜之測定，從而求得除去表面反射造成之損失 之内4吸光度•内部衰減率•内部穿透率。將結果顯示於 148761.doc •36· 201116893 内部穿透率 1 615 nm 96.2% 94.6% 92.4% 85.5% 80.3% 545 nm 96.8% 95.5% 93.6% 87.7% 83.2% 435 nm 96.6% 95.3% 93.4% 87.2% 82.5% 内部衰減率 615 nm 3.8% 5.4% 7.6% 14.5% 19.7% 545 nm 3.2% 4.5% 6.4% 12.3% 16.8% 435 nm 3.4% 4.7% 6.6% 12.8% 17.5% 内部吸光度 615 nm 0.017 0.024 0.034 0.068 0.095 545 nm 0.014 0.020 0.029 0.057 0.080 1 435 nm 0.015 0.021 0.030 0.060 0.083 有機色素濃度[質量％] ήκ 0.021 0.030 0.043 0.085 0.119 0.013 1_ 0.018 0.025 0.050 0.070 4 0.070 0.098 0.140 0.280 0.392 試料41 試料42 試料43 試料44 試料45 -37- 148761.doc 201116893 <霧度之評估> 為箱光擴散層之霧度，製作不添加有機色素，而僅添 加相同遘度之氧化鋁微粒子（平均粒徑^ pm)之膜厚為大 約30 μη之聚合物薄膜（霧度測定用試料）。該霧度測定用 ”式料之製作方法係依照貫施例i之霧度測定用試料之製作 方法。 以霧度測量儀（日本電色工業股份有限公司、NDH2〇〇〇) 測疋所製作之霧度測定用試料之結果，霧度為大約77%。 <晝面白色化之評估> 對圖7之構成之穿透型液晶顯示元件賦予上述光散射層 41 45，進行光擴散層之評估。液晶面板係使用型者， 作為背光， 使用有主要波長為大約435 nm、大約545 nm及 大約615 nm之冷陰極管。又，以螢光燈從畫面之前方傾斜 45度照射，以使成為一般起居室程度之照度即大約 lx，評估晝面之白色化。評估時將晝面設為黑顯示。 其結果，内部吸光度越高之試料，越能降低白色化。由 月光光源發出之光之主要波長之内部吸光度若為〇〇14， 則可貫用，若為0.020以上，則幾乎觀察不到白色化，尤 其在由背光光源發出之光之主要波長之内部吸光度為 0,029以上之試料43〜試料45中顯示有良好之黑色。 <亮度角度分佈之測定> 在用於評估上述畫面之白色化之穿透型液晶顯示元件 中’與實施例1同樣地，測定亮度角度分佈。再者，作為 用於測定免度角分佈之光擴散層之亮度角分佈測定用試料 148761.doc -38- 201116893 41及42，係添加上述表8之試料43所示之I夕 至 < 有機顏料， 使氧化鋁相對於聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯100質量份添加有5 =直 份或10質量份者。 ' 入射至使用之背光之液晶面板前（相當於入射至圖7之透 明保護層26前）之亮度角度分佈，半高寬為大約47度。來 自該背光之光通過液晶面板’在最前面之光擴散層擴散之 結果，如表9所示’在任意之光擴散層中，半高寬均為大 約70度以上。 [表9] 氧化鋁微粒子濃度 [質量％] 梵度之半高寬 亮度角分佈 測定用試料41 5 70 亮度角分佈 測定用試料42 10 91 具備視角補償薄膜之先前之液晶面板之晝面，由於亮度 角度分佈之半高寬為大約70度，故可確認使用亮度角度分 佈之半1¾寬為47度之背光的情況時，需具有必要之亮度之 角度分佈寬度，以使在亮度角分佈測定用試料41中，獲得 充分之視角。 根據實施例4，使用亮度角度分佈之半高寬為大約”度 之背光的情況時，形成相當於由背光光源發出之光之主要 波長之内部吸光度為大約0.020以上之範圍的光擴散層， 從而良好地減少白色化，且充分地擴散視角，使得亮度之 半高寬為大約70度以上。尤其是在由背光光源發出之光之 I48761.doc -39- 201116893 主要波長之内部吸光度為0.029以上之範圍内，可獲得良 好之特性。 再者，在具備實施例4之光擴散層之液晶顯示器中，幾 乎不會產生光擴散層造成之圖像之老化。 [實施例5] <兼具保護層之光擴散層之製作> 以如下所述之方法’製作兼具保護層之光擴散層5 1。 於醋酸乙酯中’添加與實施例4同樣之聚甲基丙烯酸甲 酉曰及紅色、藍色、貫色之有機顏料，進而添加氧化銘微粒 子（平均粒徑1.1 μηι)，均一地攪拌後調製分散液。 再者’使氧化鋁微粒子相對於聚甲基丙稀酸甲酯丨〇〇質 量份，添加有20質量份。又，作為紅色、藍色及黃色之有 機顏料，分別使用有c.l· Pigment Red 48:3(山陽色素股份 有限公司）、C.I. Pigment Blue 15:1(銅化合物）（山陽色素股 份有限公司）、C.I· Pigment Yell〇w 14(山陽色素股份有限 A 1 )紅色、藍色及育色之有機顏料，係以相對於聚曱 基丙烯酸曱酯1〇〇質量份，分別為〇 392質量份、〇 質量 份、0.1 20質量份的方式添加。 將該分散液塗布於表面平滑之不鏽鋼基板上，使溶媒大 致乾燥’藉此製作薄膜狀試料，將所獲得之薄膜狀試料粉 碎，進而在減壓下使之乾燥。將所獲得之試料與3倍量之 聚曱基丙烯酸曱酯之顆粒摻和，使用2軸擠壓機，以 混練後，使用單軸擠壓機，以27〇t擠壓成形為薄膜狀， 並以輥捲取。如上所述，製作兼具保護層之光擴散層51。 148761.doc -40 - 201116893 實施例5之兼具保護層之光擴散層5丨，由於有機色素濃 度及氧化鋁微粒子之添加量分別與實施例4之光擴散層42 相同，故為與實施例4之光擴散層42起到相同效果者。 [實施例6] <兼具黏著劑層之光擴散層之製作> 以如下所述之方法’製造兼具黏著劑之光擴散層6】。 使包含丙烯酸丁酯：丙烯酸：2_丙烯酸羥乙酯=ι〇〇:5:〇ι (重ϊ比）之共聚物之重量平均分子量1〇萬左右之丙稀系聚 。合物，溶解於醋酸乙醋，調製共聚物之濃度為大約30質量 之命液於上述丙烯系聚合物溶液，添加相對於聚合物 □體成刀1GG質量份為4質量份之異氰酸醋系多官能性化合 物之日本聚氨自旨公司製cqrqnet_l、Μ質量份添加劑 (KBM403、越化學工業股份有限公司製）、5質量份氧化 (十1粒kl.l μιη)，及紅色、藍色及黃色之有機 顏料，調製黏著劑溶液。As shown in Table 1, it is preferable to consider that the main wavelength of light emitted from the backlight source used as the light source is adjusted so as to reduce the difference in absorbance between the respective light diffusion layers in the main wavelength. On the other hand, from the back of the earth, it is possible to penetrate the 5|丨&& 々h J to the observer in such a way as not to be absorbed by the coloring agent in the light diffusion layer 10 as much as possible, from increasing the brightness The point of view is better. Therefore, the content of the toner of the light-diffusing layer 10 from + is preferably such that the light is fading on the side of the light, and the light absorption of the light from the backlight is suppressed. , make adjustments. Therefore, from the purpose of attenuating the external light and suppressing the attenuation of the light from the backlight, it is preferable to adjust the internal absorbance of the diffusion layer of the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight source to G.G14 or more, more preferably 0. It seems that 'light is 0.028 or more and the light emitted by the backlight source>. If the front brightness is further considered, the internal light absorption of the light diffusion layer of the main wavelength is preferably 148761.doc •12-201116893 degrees adjusted to 0.014 or more, 0.095 The range below is preferably 0.014 or more and 0.088 or less, and particularly preferably 0.020 or more, and the range of 〇.〇88 or less is particularly preferably 0.028 or more, and the range of 〇·〇88 or less is particularly preferably 0 028 or more. A range of 0.062 or less. The light-transmitting polymer 14 and the scatterer 12 in the light-diffusing layer are preferably selected so that the combination of the respective refractive indexes or the size of the scattering enthalpy 2 is an appropriate value. By such adjustment, the light from the backlight can be scattered by the scatterer 12 to achieve a wide-angle viewing angle, and efficiently pass through the light-diffusing layer to exhibit high luminance. Furthermore, by such adjustment, the deterioration of the image caused by the attachment of the light diffusion layer can be suppressed. Specifically, as the light-transmitting polymer 14 for the light-diffusing layer, a cellulose derivative typified by cellulose diacetate, an acrylic polymer typified by polymethyl methacrylate, and polycarbonate can be used. The various translucent polymers such as a cycloolefin polymer and a norbornene-based polymer represented by the ester are not limited thereto. Further, the light-transmitting polymer 14 used for the light-diffusing layer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer, and a polymer blend may be used. Further, the hydrates may be high-purity polymers containing almost no other additives, and may also contain various additives such as plasticizers. Further, the light-transmitting polymer Μ may be adhesive. polymer. The refractive index of the light-transmitting polymer 14 is suitably selected depending on the combination with the added scatterer 12 or the like, and therefore cannot be specifically defined, and is generally preferably L33 丨.65, more preferably 丨.45 丨. 60. For example, the refractive index of cellulose triacetate is 1.48, and the refractive index of polymethyl methacrylate is ruthenium. As the scatterer 12, a light-transmitting particle is preferable. Specifically, it is possible to use 148761.doc •13- 1. 201116893 alumina particles, hydrogen peroxide polymer, melamine·furfural condensate particles, Benzoguanamine, formaldehyde condensate particles, benzo melamine, melamine • Formaldehyde condensate particles, titanium oxide particles, cerium oxide particles, etc., but are not limited thereto. The average particle size of the lapsed emitter 12 is suitably selected according to the combination with the above-mentioned light-transmitting polymer 14 or the like, and therefore cannot be specified in general, and is generally preferably 〇.〇5 μπι or more and 25 μπι or less. Preferably, it is 1 μιη or more and 2〇μιηα is lower than 'Yujia is 0.8 μιη or more and 18 μπι or less. The refractive index of the scatterer is appropriately selected depending on the combination with the above-mentioned light-transmitting polymer or the like, and therefore it is not particularly limited, and is generally preferably 1.40 to 2.75, more preferably 1.43 to 1.9. Further, the difference Δ between the refractive index of the scatterer 12 and the refractive index of the light-transmitting polymer 14 is preferably 25, more preferably 0.03 to 0.30. The refractive index difference in the above range is preferable from the viewpoint of light diffusion effect. The content ratio of the scatterer 12 to the light-transmitting polymer 丨4 is appropriately selected depending on the kind of the light-transmitting polymer 14 or the type or size of the scatterer 12, and therefore it cannot be generally specified, and is generally preferably 〇. 丨 mass% or more, 5 〇 mass ° / 〇 or less 'more preferably 0.5% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less. As described above, the light-diffusing layer of the present invention has a function of diffusing light and a function of absorbing light. The light diffusion function ' can be compared with the brightness of the backlight before entering the liquid crystal panel (corresponding to the front of the transparent protective layer 26 of FIG. 7) by comparing the configuration of the transmissive liquid crystal display device (see FIG. 7) described later. The angular distribution is evaluated by the distribution of the brightness from the backlight through the liquid crystal panel at a brightness angle of 14876l.doc 201116893 after diffusion of the light diffusion layer. More simply, the haze (Haze, haze) of the thin film-like material to which the light-transmitting polymer is added with a scatterer can be measured and evaluated. In order to obtain a sufficient viewing angle in the light diffusing layer, the light having a relatively high directivity from the edge = bright backlight is generally required. However, the necessary haze depends on the degree of diffusion of light from the backlight and the degree of diffusion of light to be obtained after penetration of the light diffusion layer. For example, if the light of the backlight with a very high directivity and a half-height width of the brightness angle distribution of about 30 or less is obtained, the diffusion of the angle distribution of the general LCD TV degree is obtained, and the haze is preferably 7〇. More than %, more preferably 80% or more. Also, the half width and width of the luminance angle distribution are 3 〇. In the case of a backlight having two directivity or lower directivity, the internal light absorbance of the light-diffusing layer of the main wavelength of light emitted from the backlight source is preferably adjusted to 0.028 or more, more preferably 0.028 or more and 范围·_ or less. It is preferable that the range of G() 28 or more and g嶋 or less is 0.055 or more. The range of 62 or less is preferable from the viewpoint that the surface shows a good black color while maintaining a high front luminance. The other side Φ ’ can use the backlight with low directivity to spread even if the haze is low. For example, in the case of a backlight having a moderately directivity with a half-height width of the luminance angle distribution of more than 30 and 50 or less, the haze is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 7 % by weight or more. The half-height width of the redundancy angle distribution is also greater than 30. 50. In the case of a backlight having a moderate directivity, the internal absorbance of the light-diffusing layer of the main wavelength of light emitted by the backlight source is preferably adjusted to 〇〇2〇148761.doc -15-201116893 or more, preferably The range of G.G2G or more is not more than 0.068, and the range of GG29 or more and Q paste below is preferable from the viewpoint that one side exhibits a good black-face and maintains a high front brightness. As described above, although the range of haze value or internal absorbance recorded is slightly (four) due to the directivity of the light from the backlight used, it is also shown in the following example: (4) Whitening from the suppression screen. Viewpoint, any light that points to f. 'Shaw just adjust the internal absorbance of the light diffusion layer to 〇. 014 or more, it will work. The function of absorbing light is measured by measuring the absorbance (or penetration rate) by a commercially available measuring machine. The measurement was carried out using a film-form sample to which a light-transmitting polymer was added with a light absorber. At this time, the comparison (4) film sample 敎 baseline without adding a light absorbing agent can be used, thereby eliminating the influence of reflection on the surface of the sample. The absorbance inside the film thus obtained was defined as the internal absorbance. The attenuation rate and the transmittance can be obtained from the internal absorbance. It is defined as the internal attenuation rate (%) and (4) the penetration rate (%). If the total internal attenuation rate and internal transmittance are 1,00 〇 / 〇. Finally, based on the above evaluation results, a light diffusing layer which is appropriately designed is placed in the transmissive liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in Fig. 7, and the effect thereof is evaluated. As a method of producing the light-diffusion layer 10, for example, a coating liquid containing a light-transmitting scatterer 12' and a coloring agent' and optionally containing a solvent is prepared, and the coating liquid is applied to the transparent protective film 26 by a known method. The method on the outermost layer of the liquid crystal cell. Next, the transmissive liquid crystal display device will be described. The transmissive liquid crystal display cleavage of the present invention comprises at least: a backlight source; 148761.doc 201116893 a light control mechanism for directing light emitted by the backlight source; and a side closer to the light control mechanism The order is a penetrating liquid crystal cell, and a light diffusing layer containing a light transmitting polymer and a diffusing colorant. An example of a specific configuration of the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention will be described with reference to Fig. 7'. In FIG. 7, the light emitted by the backlight source 22 passes through the light guide plate 24 and has directivity light, and the light passes through the transparent protective layer 26, the polarizing film 28, the transparent protective layer 26, the glass substrate 30, the liquid crystal layer 32, The color filter 34, the glass substrate 30, the transparent protective layer 26, the polarizing film 28, and the transparent protective layer 26 are diffused in the light diffusion layer 10. In the transmissive liquid crystal display device of FIG. 7, as the liquid crystal cell of the present invention, a transparent protective layer 26, a polarizing film 28, a transparent protective layer 26, a glass substrate 3, a liquid crystal layer 32, and a color filter are sequentially laminated. The light sheet 34, the glass substrate 30, the transparent protective layer 26, the polarizing film 28, and the transparent protective layer 26 are used. However, the configuration is not limited to this, and it is only necessary to have at least the liquid crystal layer 32, and the number of sheets of each member to be used may be selected, and members other than the above may be attached. For example, the transparent protective layer 26 adjacent to the light-diffusing layer 1A shown in Fig. 7 and the light-diffusing layer 10 may be combined, and the light-diffusing layer may be used as a protective layer. When the transparent protective layer 26 and the light diffusion layer 1 are combined and the light diffusion layer is provided with a protective layer, the light can be diffused by a well-known film formation method such as a solution casting film forming method or a melt extrusion method. The layer was formed into a film and bonded to the polarizing film 28 by a well-known method. Further, a scatterer 12 and a coloring agent may be added to the adhesive layer (not shown) for bonding the polarizing film 28 to the outer transparent protective layer, and the adhesive layer may be diffused as light. Floor. The adhesive layer contains an adhesive polymer, and the adhesive polymer is contained as a light-transmitting polymer. The light-diffusing layer 1 included in the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention may be a light-transmitting polymer, a scatterer, and a coloring agent, and may be a light diffusion of the first aspect. a layer, a light diffusion layer of the second aspect shown in FIG. 3, a light diffusion layer of the third aspect shown in FIG. 4, a light diffusion layer of the fourth aspect shown in FIG. 5, and a circle 6 Any one of the light diffusion layers having the anti-glare particles 2〇 may be introduced. The backlight source 22 is preferably a cold cathode tube, but is not limited thereto, and a hot cathode tube, an LED or the like can also be used. For (4), you can use white led, or mix red, green, and blue LEDs to make white. Further, a laser such as a laser diode can be used as a backlight source. In particular, a laser that emits polarized light is suitable for the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention because of high efficiency. Similarly to the laser diode, white light can be produced by blending light of several colors. As the light guide plate 24, a well-known person can be applied. Further, in the transmissive liquid crystal display device of Fig. 7, the backlight unit 22 and the light guide plate 24 are provided as the light source unit, but other members may be further provided. For example, as a member for backlighting, a ruthenium sheet for improving brightness, a diffusion plate having a ruthenium structure, and a reflection type polarizing film having a light recirculation function (for example, dbef of 3M Company, etc.) can be used. Between the light guide plate and the liquid crystal panel. In FIG. 7, the components such as the reflection sheet and the light source reflection plate can be disposed on the light guide plate. 148761.doc • 18-201116893 Further, in the transmissive liquid crystal display device of Fig. 7, The light plate (4) is light with directivity, but the directivity of light can also be controlled by a mechanism other than the light guide plate. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, a cold cathode tube may be disposed at an appropriate interval instead of the light guide plate, and a diffusion plate 2 may be disposed, and a film having a function of collecting light may be disposed on the diffusion plate 2, or the diffusion plate itself may be disposed. The micro-machining utilizes a diffusing plate having a concentrating function. Further, in place of the cold cathode tube, in the case of using an element such as an LED or an LD which emits light having higher directivity, a diffusion sheet or a diffusion plate may be used, and the directivity of light emitted from the elements may be slightly lowered and used. X, it is also possible to suitably combine light guiding parts, concentrating parts, and light reflecting parts that have been used in lighting applications among such elements, so as to adjust the angle distribution of moderate brightness. As the liquid-transmissive liquid crystal cell (liquid crystal layer) 32, a well-known transmissive liquid crystal cell can be applied. Further, the transparent protective layer 26, the polarizing film 28, the glass substrate 3, and the color filter 34 used in the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention can be suitably used. Furthermore, the light-transmitting layer of the present invention and the viewing angle compensation film can be simultaneously used in the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention. The transmissive liquid crystal display device using the light-diffusing layer of the present invention can realize a wide viewing angle even without using a viewing angle compensation film. Further, in the transmissive liquid crystal display device using the light diffusion layer of the present invention, the decrease in contrast can be suppressed. In order to diffuse light having a relatively high directivity in the light diffusion layer to obtain a sufficient viewing angle, in general, it is necessary to contain more scatterers in the light diffusion layer, thereby raising the south haze. As a result of the light-diffusing layer containing a large number of scatterers, 148761.doc -19-201116893, as shown in Fig. 12, appears to be whitened. In the previous light-diffusing layer, it is difficult to fully exert directivity. Backlighting. However, when the light-diffusing layer of the present invention is used, even when a backlight having a relatively high directivity is used, it is possible to sufficiently achieve a wide viewing angle while suppressing whitening. [Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples. [Example 1] <Production of Light-Diffusing Layer> A single-layer light-diffusing layer shown in Fig. i was produced by the method described below. The cellulose triacetate was added to methylene chloride t, dissolved, and uniformly polymerized to prepare a polymer solution. The solution was applied to a stainless steel substrate having a smooth surface, and the solvent was volatilized to prepare a transparent protective layer having a thickness of about 50 μm 2 . On the other hand, an organic dye of polymethacrylic acid, red, blue, and yellow is added to dichlorosilane, and alumina fine particles (average particle diameter: 1.1 μηι) are further added, and the dispersion is uniformly stirred to prepare a dispersion. Further, the red, blue, and yellow organic coloring matter is added so as to be in a concentration (% by mass) of the following Table 2 with respect to the polymethyl methacrylate. . Further, the alumina fine particles are mixed with the polymethyl methacrylate for 1 Λ and 艮, and the above dispersion is suitably adjusted to adjust the light diffusion layer of the second gas, and the decane concentration is easily applied to obtain the target thickness. This dispersion was applied to the above-mentioned transparent 148761.doc -20-201116893 protective layer to obtain light diffusion layers 11 to 14 having a thickness of about 3 μm. <Measurement of Intrinsic Absorbance, Internal Decay Rate, and Internal Transmittance> For internal absorbance, internal decay rate, and internal transmittance measurement, a composition in which only the alumina fine particles are removed from the light diffusion layer having the above composition is prepared. Film (measurement sample). Knowing that the production of chopping materials is used to prepare the organic pigments of polymethyl methacrylate, red, blue and yellow prior to the addition of chloroform to chloroform, and the liquid is smooth on the surface. This solution was applied onto a stainless steel substrate, and the solvent was evaporated to prepare measurement samples 11 to 14 having a thickness of about 30 μm. The four materials 11 to 14 for measurement are respectively equivalent to the light diffusion layers η to 14 described above. - The film of the test samples 11 to 14 was measured, and the absorbance at the inside of the crucible, the internal decay rate, and the internal transmittance were measured using a commercially available spectrophotometer. Here, the absorbance of the portion is the absorbance of a film to which a light absorbing material is added without adding an oxidizing agent such as oxidized crystal particles. It refers to the reflection that is not contained on the surface of the film, but the absorbance of light absorbed inside the film. Internal attenuation rate, attenuation rate (%) converted from internal absorbance. Further, the internal transmittance is a value calculated by the following formula. [Internal transmittance M 〇〇 (%) [internal attenuation rate], a coating for removing the polymer film of the composition of the oxidized fine particles and the organic dye from the above composition. Using the measured value as a reference (baseline), the film was removed to obtain the damage caused by surface reflection: internal absorbance, internal decay rate, and internal transmittance. The results are shown in Table 2. 148761.doc •21 - 201116893 Internal penetration rate 615 nm 96.6% 93.1% 86.7% 82.0% 545 nm 96.8% 1_ 93.8% 88.1% 83.8% 435 nm 96.8% 87.7% 83.4% Internal decay rate 615 nm 1 1 3.4% 6.9 % 13.3% 18.0% 545 nm 3.2% 6.2% Wei 16.2% 435 nm 3.2% 6.2% 1 12.3% 16.6% Internal absorbance 615 nm 0.015 1_ 0.031 0.062 1 0.087 545 nm 0.014 i_ 0.028 0.055 0.077 1 435 nm 0.014 0.028 0.057 Π 0.079 I Organic pigment concentration [% by mass] i.. Umbrella c 0.00125 0.0025 0.005 0.007 谰0.0125 0.025 0.05 0.07 I 4 0.0125 0.025 0.05 0.07 Sample 11 Sample 12 Sample π Sample 14 1 148761.doc -22- 201116893 Again, Figure 8 shows the above The internal absorbance spectrum of the sample for measurement u to 14 is shown in Fig. 9, and the internal transmittance spectrum of the sample for measurement described above is shown. <Evaluation of Haze> In order to evaluate the haze of the light-diffusing layer, a polymer film (having an average particle diameter m (4)) of the same concentration of oxidized fine particles (the haze measurement sample) was added without adding an organic dye. For the measurement of haze, the IA ^ ^ system is added with polymethyl methacrylate vinegar, ffi 4 卜 〗 〖, emulsified aluminum microparticles, The dispersion was prepared by uniformly stirring, and the alumina fine particles were added in an amount of 10 parts by mass based on the mass part of the polymethyl methacrylate ι. The dispersion was applied onto a stainless steel substrate having a smooth surface to substantially volatilize the solvent, thereby obtaining The haze measurement sample is about 30. The haze measurement instrument (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., ND Η 2000) measures the haze measurement sample, and the haze is about 91%. Evaluation of the whitening of the kneading surface> The light-diffusing layers 11 to 14 of the transmissive liquid crystal display element having the configuration of Fig. 7 were evaluated and evaluated. The liquid crystal panel was used as a backlight source, and the main wavelength was about 435. Nm, about 54 5 (10) and a cold cathode tube of about 615 nm. In addition, 'the fluorescent light is tilted from the front of the screen to approximate the illumination' so that the illumination of the living room is about 1 〇〇 ^, and the whiteness of the surface is evaluated. In the evaluation, the screen is set to black. As a result, the sample with higher internal absorbance can be reduced in whiteness. The internal absorbance is 0.GM, which is practical. If it is GG28 or more, almost no whitening is observed. Especially in sample 13 and sample 14 of 0.45 or more, 148761.doc • 23· 201116893 showed good black color. <Measurement of Luminance Angle Distribution> The front brightness and brightness angles were measured using a redundancy meter (TOPCON Co., Ltd. BM-7 FAST) in a white-type transmissive liquid crystal display element for evaluating the above-mentioned kneading surface. distributed. The measurement was performed by displaying the kneading surface as a white display. The angular distribution 'half height and width' of the luminance of the backlight before entering the liquid crystal panel (corresponding to the front of the transparent protective layer of Fig. 7) is about 3 degrees. The light from the backlight passes through the liquid crystal panel, and the result of diffusion at the foremost light diffusion layer is in any of the light diffusion layers 11 to 14, and the full width at half maximum is about 7 。. For comparison, the previous liquid crystal panel with the viewing angle compensation film was also used to measure the front brightness and brightness angle distribution. The prior liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film is a commercially available liquid crystal display, does not have a light diffusion layer, and does not have a layer to which a colorant is added as in the present invention. The screen of the previous liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film has a half width and a width of about 70 degrees, so that it is possible to have the necessary brightness angle distribution width according to the above result, so that even if the backlight with high directivity is used, , you can also get a full view. Further, substantially the same characteristics can be obtained with respect to the luminance angle distribution in the vertical direction. Further, as shown in Table 3, in terms of front luminance, the higher the concentration of organic pigment added, the lower the concentration. If the internal absorbance of the main wavelength of the light emitted by the backlight source is 0.062 or less, the positive side of the same level as the previous liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film can be obtained, and the brightness angle of 148761.doc -24-201116893 is obtained. Distribution width. [Table 3] Organic pigment concentration [% by mass] Front luminance fcd/m2] Red blue yellow - Light diffusion layer 11 0.0125 0.0125 0.00125 201 Light diffusion layer 12 0.025 0.025 0.0025 195 Light diffusion layer 13 0.05 0.05 0.005 183 Light diffusion layer 14 0.07 0.07 0.007 174 Previous liquid crystal panel 182 having a viewing angle compensation film As described above, a light diffusion layer having a range in which the internal absorption light of the main wavelength of light emitted from the backlight source is about 0.062 or less is formed, thereby obtaining and having FIG. The liquid crystal display of the front view brightness and brightness angle distribution width of the previous liquid crystal panel of the viewing angle compensation film shown above. In particular, in the light diffusion layer having a range of internal absorbance of the main wavelength of light emitted from the backlight source of 0.028 to 0.062, good characteristics can be obtained. In such liquid crystal displays, there is almost no aging of the image caused by the light diffusion layer. Further, although the configuration of the viewing angle compensation film is not used, a viewing angle substantially equal to that of the previous liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film shown in Fig. 10 can be obtained. [Embodiment 2] <Production of Light-Diffusion Layer> The single-layer light diffusion layers 21 to 24 shown in Fig. 4 were produced by the method described below. First, in the same manner as in Example 1, a transparent protective layer was prepared. On the other hand, the same polymethyl methacrylate, red, blue and yellow organic pigments as in Example 添加 were added to dichloromethane, and then two 148761.doc -25-201116893 melamine-formaldehyde condensate was added. The fine particles (average particle diameter l 3 , uniformly stirred to prepare a dispersion liquid. Further, the red, blue, and yellow organic colorants are in a concentration (% by mass) of the following Table 4 with respect to polymethyl methacrylate. Further, the melamine-formaldehyde condensate fine particles are added in an amount of 5 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of the polymethyl methacrylate. The above dispersion is suitably adjusted to have a concentration of dichlorof-ane to obtain a target thickness of light. The diffusion layer is easy to apply. The dispersion is applied to the transparent protective layer to obtain a light diffusion layer having a thickness of about 3 μm. The cross section of the obtained light diffusion layer is observed by a transmission electron microscope to confirm the addition. As shown in FIG. 4, the photomicroparticles (melamine/formaldehyde condensate microparticles) are biased to exist on one of the surface sides in the light diffusion layer. <Measurement of Internal Absorbance, Internal Decay Rate, and Internal Transmittance> For the measurement of internal absorbance, internal decay rate, and internal transmittance, only the melamine-furfural condensate was removed from the light diffusion layer having the above composition. A film of the composition of the fine particles (measurement samples 21 to 24). The production method of the measurement samples 21 to 24 is based on the measurement method of the measurement sample 丨i-M of the first embodiment. The film of the methine is measured using a commercially available spectrophotometer' internal absorbance, internal clothing reduction rate, and internal wear. Transmittance. Further, a polymer film in which the composition of the melamine-furfural condensate fine particles and the organic dye was removed from the above composition was produced. The above-described measurement of the film was carried out using the value of the measurement as a reference (baseline), thereby obtaining internal absorbance, internal decay rate, and internal transmittance which were caused by loss of surface reflection. The results are shown in Table 4. 148761 .doc • 26 · 201116893 Inch internal penetration 615 nm 96.6% 93.1% 86.7% 82.0% 545 nm 96.8% 93.8% 88.1% 83.8% 435 nm 96.8% 93.8% 87.7% 83.4% Internal decay rate 615 nm 3.4% - 1 6.9% 13.3% 18.0% 545 nm 3.2%; 6.2% 11.9% 16.2% 435 nm 3.2% 6.2% 1 12.3% 16.6% Internal absorbance 615 nm 0.015 0.031 1 0.062 0.087 545 nm 0.014 0.028 0.055 0.077 435 nm 0.014 0.028 1 0.057 0.079 Organic pigment concentration [% by mass] ήκ 0.00125 1 0.0025 1 0.005 0.007 0.0125 0.025 1 0.05 0.07 4 0.0125 0.025 1 0.05 0.07 Sample 21 Sample 22 Sample 23 Sample 24 148761.doc 201116893 <Evaluation of Haze> In order to evaluate the haze of the light-diffusing layer, the film thickness of the melamine-formaldehyde condensate fine particles (average particle diameter i 3 μΓΠ) of the same concentration was added without adding an organic dye. A polymer film (a sample for haze measurement) of about 3 μm. The method for producing the sample for measuring haze is in accordance with the method for producing a sample for measuring haze by the implementer. The haze measurement was carried out by a haze meter (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., ndh2〇〇〇), and the haze was about 94%. <Evaluation of kneading whitening> The light-transmitting layer 21 24 of the configuration of Fig. 7 was subjected to evaluation of the light-diffusing layer. The liquid crystal panel uses a va type, and as a backlight, a cold cathode tube having a main wavelength of about 435 nm, about Μ(10), and about 615 η" is used. In addition, the fluorescent lamp is tilted from the front of the screen to a large angle, and the 'spray is 45 degrees' so that the illuminance of the living room level is approximately 100 1 whitening of the evaluation screen. Set the face to black when evaluating. As a result, the sample having the higher internal absorbance can be reduced in whitening. If the internal absorbance of the main wavelength of the light emitted by the moonlight source is 〇川, it can be practical. If it is 0.028 or more, almost no whitening is observed, especially in the internal wavelength of the main wavelength of the light emitted by the backlight source: The sample 23 of 55 or more and the sample "have a good black color. <Measurement of Luminance Angle Distribution> Using a luminance meter (TOPCON Co., Ltd., bm_7Fast) for penetrating the liquid crystal display element I' for whitening the above picture, the front side and the brightness angle distribution are measured. . The measurement system displays the screen as white and 148761.doc •28· 201116893. The angular distribution of the brightness of the backlight before entering the liquid crystal panel (corresponding to the front of the transparent protective layer 26 of FIG. 7) has a full width at half maximum of about 30 degrees. The light from the backlight passes through the liquid crystal panel, and as a result of the diffusion of the light diffusion layer at the forefront, in any of the light scattering layers 21 to 24, the full width at half maximum is about 70 degrees. The front surface of the liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film has a half width and a width of about 70 degrees, so that it is possible to have the necessary brightness angle distribution width according to the above result, so that even if the directivity is high, Backlighting, you can also get a full view. Further, substantially the same characteristics can be obtained with respect to the luminance angle distribution in the vertical direction. Further, as shown in Table 5, in terms of front luminance, the higher the concentration of organic pigment added, the lower the concentration. When the internal absorbance of the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight source is 0.062 or less, the front luminance and the luminance angular distribution width of the same level as the front surface of the liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film can be obtained. [Table 5] Organic pigment concentration [mass ° /. ] Front brightness [cd/m2] Red blue yellow light diffusion layer 0.01 0.0125 0.0125 0.00125 208 Light diffusion layer 22 0.025 0.025 0.0025 201 Light diffusion layer 23 0.05 0.05 0.005 189 Light diffusion layer 24 0.07 0.07 0.007 179 With the viewing angle compensation film Liquid crystal panel 182 [Example 3] A laminated light diffusion layer shown in Fig. 5 was produced by the method described below, that is, on the outer side of the scattering layer 16 to which the light-transmitting polymer was added with a scatterer (view 148761.doc • 29· 201116893 On the viewer's side) 'The color layer of the light-transmitting polymer to which the coloring agent is added. As the light-transmitting polymer, cellulose triacetate was selected. <Production of Light-Diffusion Layer> First, 'dissolving cellulose triacetate in two gas, and further adding oxidized fine particles (average particle size u(four)') uniformly mixed to prepare a dispersion-1. Alumina particles relative to three 1 part by mass of cellulose acetate is added in an amount of 10 parts by mass. The dispersion _ 丨 is suitably adjusted to obtain the target film thickness, and is easy to apply. On the other hand, 'the cellulose triacetate is red and blue and The yellow organic pigment is dissolved in methylene chloride &, and the organic solution of red, blue, and yellow is uniformly mixed with the red, blue, and yellow organic pigment to become the concentration (mass. / /) of the following Table 6 with respect to the cellulose triacetate. The solution was added in such a manner that the concentration of the methylene chloride was appropriately adjusted to obtain the target film thickness, and the coating was easy to apply. The above dispersion #1 was applied to the transparent protective layer prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a thickness of about 30. The scattering layer 16 of μιη is further coated on the scattering layer 16 to form the coloring layer 18' having a thickness of about 3 μm to obtain the light diffusion layers 31 to 34. <Measurement of Internal Absorbance, Internal Attenuation Rate, and Internal Transmittance> For internal absorbance, internal attenuation rate, and internal transmittance measurement, a film having the same composition as the coloring layer 18 was produced (measurement sample 31 to 3 sentences) The method for producing the samples 31 to 34 for measurement is the method for producing the samples 11 to 14 for measurement according to Example i. The thickness of the film is set to about 3 μm μηβ, and the film of the film is measured using a commercially available spectrophotometer. Absorbance • Internal attenuation rate · Internal penetration rate 148761.doc 30- 201116893 Also 'production without adding color + said that the ancients take this basu, only the thin layer of polymer. Set the value as the benchmark (baseline), proceed The internal absorbance measured by the above-mentioned film to remove the loss due to surface reflection is shown in Table 6. The measurement will be used to determine the partial transmittance. 148761.doc • 31- 201116893 [9 <】 Internal penetration rate 615 nm 96.4% 92.9% 1 86.5% 81.7% 1 545 nm 96.6% 93.5% 87.9% .. ...― 83.6% 435 nm 96.6% 93.5% 87.7% 83.2% Internal decay rate ί 615 nm 3.6 % 7.1% 13.5% 18.3% I 545 nm 3.4% 6.5% 12.1% 16.4% 435 nm 3.4% 6.5% 12.5% 16.8% Internal absorbance 1 615 nm 0.016 0.032 0.062 0.088 1 545 nm 0.015 0.029 0.056 0.078 435 nm 0.015 0.029 0.058 0.080 Organic pigment concentration [% by mass] ήκ 0.00125 0.0025 0.005 0.007 0.0125 0.025 0.05 0.07 4 0.0125 0.025 0.05 0.07 Sample 31 Sample 32 Sample 33 Sample 34 -32 148761.doc 201116893 <Evaluation of Haze> In order to evaluate the haze of the light-diffusing layer, a film (a sample for haze measurement) having the same composition as that of the scattering layer 16 of the above-described Example 3 was produced. The method for producing the haze measurement sample is a method for producing a haze measurement sample according to the embodiment. The haze measurement instrument (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., n d h 2 〇 〇 〇) was used to measure the haze measurement sample, and the haze was about coffee. <Evaluation of kneading whitening> The light-scattering layer 3 was applied to the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the configuration of Fig. 7, and the evaluation of the light-diffusing layer was performed. For the liquid crystal panel, a va-type is used, and a cold cathode tube having a main wavelength of about 435 (10), about 615 (10), and about 615 (10) is used as the light. Further, the fluorescent lamp is irradiated by about 45 degrees from the front side of the kneading surface so that the illuminance of the general living room is about 100 lx. The whiteness of the evaluation screen is evaluated. Set the screen to black when evaluating. Second, the absorbance of the fruit and the sample of Vietnam, the more it can reduce whitening. The internal absorbance of the main wavelength of the light and the original light is 0014', which is practical. If it is 0.029 or more, almost no whitening is observed, especially the main wavelength of light emitted by the #光光光. The sample 33 having an internal absorbance of 0.056 or more and the sample 34 showed a good black color. <Measurement of the angular distribution of the shell degree> In the penetrating liquid crystal display element for whitening the above-mentioned screen, the use of the degree of density (Ding 0pCON Co., Ltd., BM-7FAST) was used to measure the front brightness and brightness. The angular distribution in the horizontal direction. The measurement system performs the screen as a white display. The angular distribution of the brightness of the front of the liquid crystal panel (phase 148761.doc • 33 - 201116893 when incident on the transparent protective layer 26 of Fig. 7) is about 30 degrees. The light from the backlight passes through the liquid crystal panel, and as a result of the diffusion of the light diffusion layer at the forefront, in any of the light diffusion layers, the full width at half maximum is about 70 degrees. In the screen of the previous liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film, since the half width and the width of the brightness angle distribution are about 70 degrees, it is confirmed that the necessary brightness angle distribution width is required, so that even if the backlight with high directivity is used, the image can be obtained. A full perspective. As for the front brightness, as shown in Table 7, the higher the concentration of the organic dye added, the lower. When the internal absorbance of the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight source is 0.062 or less, the front luminance and the luminance angular distribution width of the same level as the previous liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film can be obtained. [Table 7] Organic pigment concentration [% by mass] Front luminance [cd/m2] Red-blue-yellow light diffusion layer 31 0.0125 0.0125 0.00125 205 Light diffusion layer 32 0.025 0.025 0.0025 199 Light diffusion layer 33 0.05 0.05 0.005 187 Light diffusion layer 34 0.07 0.07 0.007 178 Previous liquid crystal panel 182 having a viewing angle compensation film. According to Embodiments 1 to 3, although the configuration of the viewing angle compensation film is not used, the previous liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film shown in FIG. 10 can be obtained. The picture is roughly the same perspective. Further, according to the first to third embodiments, the light diffusion 148761.doc • 34· 201116893 is formed in a range corresponding to the internal absorbance of the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight source of about 0.062 or less, so that the whitening can be favorably reduced. A liquid crystal display having a front luminance and a luminance angular distribution width equal to or higher than the screen of the previous liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film shown in FIG. 10 is obtained. In particular, good characteristics can be obtained in the range of the internal absorbance of the main wavelength of light emitted from the backlight source of 0.028 to 0.062. Further, in the liquid crystal display having the light-diffusing layers of Examples 1 to 3, the deterioration of the image caused by the light-diffusing layer was hardly generated. Further, a coloring agent has not been previously added to the light diffusion layer of the transmissive liquid crystal display device. In the end, it is not assumed that the coloring agent is used to prevent the decrease in contrast caused by external light. However, there is a possibility that the coloring agent absorbs light from the backlight to cause a significant decrease in brightness, and it is presumed that the coloring agent may not be actively added. . However, as shown by the results of the example id, even if a coloring agent is added, the brightness of the same degree or more as that of the prior liquid crystal display device can be exhibited and the decrease in contrast caused by external light can be suppressed. [Example 4] <Production of Light-Diffusion Layer> Light-diffusing layers 41 to 45 were produced by the method described below. First, a transparent protective layer was prepared in the same manner as in the first embodiment. On the other hand, CI.U 48:3 (Shanyang Pigment Co., Ltd.), CL Pigment Blue 15:1 (copper compound Shanyang Pigment Co., Ltd.), and C I. Μ (Shanyang Pigment Co., Ltd.) were added to ethyl acetate. Company), as a polymethyl methacrylate vinegar, red, blue and yellow organic pigment, and then added oxidized (tetra) particles (average particle size of 1.1 (four)' are uniformly stirred to prepare a dispersion. 148761.doc •35· 201116893 The red, blue, and yellow organic pigments were added in such a manner that the polymethyl methacrylate became the concentration (% by mass) of the following Table 8. Further, the oxidized microparticles were compared with the polydecyl acrylate. 00 parts by mass, such as 5 parts by mass. The above dispersion is suitably adjusted to a concentration of ethyl acetate to obtain a light diffusion layer of a desired thickness, and is easy to apply. The dispersion is applied to the above transparent protective layer to obtain a thickness of about 3光μιη light diffusion layers 41 to 45. <Measurement of Internal Absorbance, Internal Attenuation Rate, and Internal Transmittance> For internal absorbance, internal decay rate, and internal transmittance measurement, a film in which only the composition of the alumina fine particles is removed from the light diffusion layer of the above composition is prepared ( Samples 41 to 45) for measurement. The production method of the measurement samples 41 to 45 is based on the production method of the test sample i丨~丨* of Example 1. The film is measured using a commercially available spectrophotometer to measure the internal absorbance. Internal attenuation rate and internal transmittance. Table 8 Further, 'the production of a polymer thin layer containing the composition of the oxidized fine particles and the organic dye from the above composition was used. The above-mentioned film was used by using the measured value as a reference (base line). The measurement was performed to obtain the 4 absorbances due to the loss of surface reflection. • Internal attenuation rate • Internal transmittance. The results are shown at 148761.doc • 36· 201116893 Internal transmittance 1 615 nm 96.2% 94.6% 92.4% 85.5 % 80.3% 545 nm 96.8% 95.5% 93.6% 87.7% 83.2% 435 nm 96.6% 95.3% 93.4% 87.2% 82.5% Internal decay rate 615 nm 3.8% 5.4% 7.6% 14.5% 19.7% 545 nm 3.2% 4.5% 6.4% 12.3% 16.8% 435 nm 3.4% 4.7% 6.6% 12.8% 17.5% Internal absorbance 615 nm 0.017 0.024 0.034 0.068 0.095 545 nm 0.014 0.020 0.029 0.057 0.080 1 435 nm 0.015 0.021 0.030 0.060 0.083 Organic pigment concentration [% by mass] ήκ 0.021 0.030 0.043 0.085 0.119 0.013 1_ 0.018 0.025 0.050 0.070 4 0.070 0.098 0.140 0.280 0.392 Sample 41 Sample 42 Sample 43 Sample 44 Sample 45 -37- 148761.doc 201116893 <Evaluation of Haze> For the haze of the light diffusing layer of the box, a polymer having a film thickness of about 30 μη in which only the same amount of alumina fine particles (average particle diameter pm) is added without adding an organic dye is prepared. Film (sample for haze measurement). The method for producing a haze measurement method is a method for producing a haze measurement sample according to Example 1. The haze meter (Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd., NDH2〇〇〇) As a result of the sample for measuring haze, the haze was about 77%. <Evaluation of kneading whitening> The light-scattering layer 41 45 was applied to the transmissive liquid crystal display element of the configuration of Fig. 7, and the evaluation of the light-diffusing layer was performed. The liquid crystal panel is used as a backlight, and a cold cathode tube having a main wavelength of about 435 nm, about 545 nm, and about 615 nm is used. Further, the fluorescent lamp was irradiated by 45 degrees from the front of the screen so that the illuminance of the general living room was about lx, and the whiteness of the kneading surface was evaluated. Set the face to black when evaluating. As a result, the sample having the higher internal absorbance can be reduced in whitening. If the internal absorbance of the main wavelength of the light emitted by the moonlight source is 〇〇14, it can be used. If it is 0.020 or more, almost no whitening is observed, especially the internal absorbance of the main wavelength of the light emitted by the backlight source. A good black color was shown in the sample 43 to the sample 45 of 0,029 or more. <Measurement of Luminance Angle Distribution> In the penetrating liquid crystal display element for evaluating the whiteness of the above-described screen, the luminance angle distribution was measured in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Further, as a sample for measuring the angular distribution of luminance of the light diffusion layer for measuring the degree of exemption angle distribution, 148761.doc -38 - 201116893 41 and 42 are added as shown in the sample 43 of the above Table 8 to < Organic pigment, which is added with 5 = part or 10 parts by mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the polymethyl methacrylate. The brightness angle distribution of the front of the liquid crystal panel (corresponding to the front of the transparent protective layer 26 incident on Fig. 7) incident on the backlight used has a full width at half maximum of about 47 degrees. As a result of the diffusion of the light from the backlight through the liquid crystal panel 'in the foremost light diffusion layer, as shown in Table 9, in any of the light diffusion layers, the full width at half maximum is about 70 degrees or more. [Table 9] Alumina fine particle concentration [% by mass] Half-height width and wide-angle angular distribution measurement sample for the Brahman's degree 41 5 70 Brightness angular distribution measurement sample 42 10 91 The front surface of the liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film, due to Since the half-height width of the luminance angular distribution is about 70 degrees, it can be confirmed that when the backlight having a half-width of the luminance angle distribution of 47 degrees is used, it is necessary to have an angular distribution width of the necessary luminance for the measurement of the luminance angular distribution. In the sample 41, a sufficient viewing angle was obtained. According to the fourth embodiment, when the half-height width of the luminance angular distribution is about 2020, a light diffusion layer having a range corresponding to an internal absorbance of a main wavelength of light emitted from the backlight source of about 0.020 or more is formed, thereby The whitening is well reduced, and the viewing angle is sufficiently diffused so that the full width at half maximum of the brightness is about 70 degrees or more. Especially in the light emitted by the backlight source, I48761.doc -39- 201116893 The internal wavelength of the main wavelength is 0.029 or more. In the liquid crystal display having the light-diffusing layer of the fourth embodiment, the image deterioration caused by the light-diffusing layer hardly occurs. [Example 5] <Production of Light-Diffusion Layer Having Protective Layer> A light-diffusing layer 51 having a protective layer was produced by the method described below. Adding the same polymethyl methacrylate and red, blue, and color organic pigments as in Example 4 to ethyl acetate, and adding oxidized fine particles (average particle size 1.1 μηι), uniformly stirred and prepared. Dispersions. Further, the alumina fine particles were added in an amount of 20 parts by mass based on the mass fraction of the polymethyl methacrylate. Further, as the red, blue, and yellow organic pigments, cl· Pigment Red 48:3 (Shanyang Pigment Co., Ltd.), CI Pigment Blue 15:1 (copper compound) (Shanyang Pigment Co., Ltd.), CI were used. · Pigment Yell〇w 14 (Shanyang Pigment Co., Ltd. A 1 ) Red, blue and color-developed organic pigments, 〇〇 392 parts by mass, based on 1 part by mass of phthalic acid acrylate. Add in portions of 0.1 20 parts by mass. The dispersion was applied to a stainless steel substrate having a smooth surface to substantially dry the solvent. Thus, a film-like sample was prepared, and the obtained film-like sample was pulverized and dried under reduced pressure. The obtained sample was blended with 3 times the amount of particles of polydecyl methacrylate, and after kneading, using a 2-axis extruder, a 27-inch extruded film was formed into a film shape. And take it with a roller. As described above, the light diffusion layer 51 having the protective layer is produced. 148761.doc -40 - 201116893 The light diffusion layer 5 of the protective layer of Example 5 has the same organic dye concentration and alumina fine particle addition amount as the light diffusion layer 42 of Example 4, respectively. The light diffusion layer 42 of 4 has the same effect. [Embodiment 6] <Production of Light-Diffusing Layer Having Adhesive Layer> A light-diffusing layer 6 having an adhesive is produced by the method described below. A propylene-based polycondensation of a copolymer having butyl acrylate:acrylic acid: 2 hydroxyethyl acrylate = ι〇〇: 5: 〇 (heavy oxime ratio) having a weight average molecular weight of about 1,000,000. The compound is dissolved in ethyl acetate, and a concentration of about 30 mass of the copolymer is prepared in the propylene-based polymer solution, and 1 part by mass of the isocyanic acid vinegar is added to the polymer body. Japanese polyamine-based compound, cqrqnet_l, Μ mass part additive (KBM403, manufactured by Vietnam Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), 5 parts by mass oxidation (ten 1 kl.l μιη), and red, blue And yellow organic pigment to prepare the adhesive solution.
作為、’工色 '藍色及黃色之有機顏料，分別使用有C I g Red 48·3(山陽色素股份有限公司）、c_l. Pigment .15.1(銅化合物)(山陽色素股份有限公司）、。丄As the organic pigments of the 'work color' blue and yellow, C I g Red 48·3 (Shanyang Pigment Co., Ltd.) and c_l. Pigment .15.1 (copper compound) (Shanyang Pigment Co., Ltd.) were used.丄
Pigment Yellow 14Γ ih 1¾ a * 誌 （山％色素股份有限公司）。再者，紅 祈旦、色及汽色之有機顏料’係以相對於上述共聚物1〇〇 刀別為〇.098質$份' 0.01 8質量份、0,030質量份 的方式添加。 除用於黏度調整之溶劑f gat缺， 醋夂乙酯）以外，以使該黏著劑 岭液乾燥後之厚度為25 μ的方式，塗布於離型薄膜（聚對 148761.doc 201116893 苯二曱酸乙二酯基材：Diafoil MRF38、三菱化學聚酯製） 上後’以熱風循環式烘箱乾燥，形成含有散射子及著色劑 之黏著劑層。使用該黏著劑層，貼合偏光膜28與外側之透 明保護層26。 實施例6之兼具黏著劑層之光擴散層61，由於有機色素 濃度及氧化鋁微粒子之添加量分別與實施例4之光擴散層 42相同，故為與實施例4之光擴散層42起到相同效果者。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係第一實施形態之光擴散層之剖面概略圖； 圖2係說明本發明之光擴散層之作用•功能之圖； 圖3係第二實施形態之光擴散層之剖面概略圖； 圖4係第三實施形態之光擴散層之剖面概略圖； 圖5係第四實施形態之光擴散層之剖面概略圖； 圖6係其他實施形態之光擴散層之剖面概略圖； 圖7係顯示本發明之穿透型液晶顯示裝置之一例之構成 的剖面概略圖； 圖8係實施例丨之試料11〜14之内部吸光度光譜圖； 圖9係實施例丨之試料丨丨〜14之内部透射率光譜圖； 圖1〇係說明在先前之使用視角補償薄膜之液晶顯示器中 之光的通過路徑之圖； 圖11係說明在使用一般之光擴散層之液晶顯示器中之光 之通過路徑之圖；及 圖12係顯示先前之光擴散層引起之外光之影響的照片， (A)係無外光，（B)係在有外光之狀態下攝影之照片。 148761.doc -42· 201116893 【主要元件符號說明】 1 背光光源 2 擴散板 3 視角補償薄膜 4 液晶面板 5 光擴散層 6 導光板 10 光擴散層 12 散射子 14 透光性聚合物 16 散射層 18 著色層 20 抗眩用粒子 22 背光光源 24 導光板 26 保護層 28 偏光膜 30 玻璃基板 32 液晶層 34 彩色濾光片Pigment Yellow 14Γ ih 13⁄4 a * Chi (Mountain% Pigment Co., Ltd.). Further, the red pigment, the color and the color of the organic pigment were added in such a manner that the copolymer was 〇.098 mass% 0.01 parts by mass, and 0,030 parts by mass. In addition to the solvent for viscosity adjustment, f gat deficiency, ethyl acetate, the release film was applied to a release film with a thickness of 25 μ after drying (poly pair 148761.doc 201116893 benzodiazepine) The ethylene glycol diester substrate: Diafoil MRF38, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Polyester) was dried in a hot air circulating oven to form an adhesive layer containing a diffuser and a coloring agent. Using the adhesive layer, the polarizing film 28 and the outer transparent protective layer 26 are bonded. In the light-diffusing layer 61 having the adhesive layer of the sixth embodiment, since the organic dye concentration and the amount of the alumina fine particles are the same as those of the light-diffusing layer 42 of the fourth embodiment, the light-diffusing layer 42 of the fourth embodiment is used. To the same effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light diffusing layer of a first embodiment; Fig. 2 is a view showing the function and function of a light diffusing layer of the present invention; Fig. 3 is a light diffusing layer of a second embodiment; FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-diffusing layer according to a third embodiment; FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-diffusing layer according to a fourth embodiment; and FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a light-diffusing layer according to another embodiment. Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of a structure of a transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention; Figure 8 is an internal absorbance spectrum of Samples 11 to 14 of the Example; and Figure 9 is a sample of Example 丨FIG. 1 is a view showing a passage path of light in a liquid crystal display device using a viewing angle compensation film; FIG. 11 is a view showing a liquid crystal display using a general light diffusion layer. A photograph of the path of light passing through; and FIG. 12 is a photograph showing the influence of light caused by the previous light diffusing layer, (A) without external light, and (B) for photographing with external light. 148761.doc -42· 201116893 [Description of main component symbols] 1 Backlight source 2 Diffuser plate 3 Viewing angle compensation film 4 Liquid crystal panel 5 Light diffusing layer 6 Light guide plate 10 Light diffusing layer 12 Scattering element 14 Translucent polymer 16 Scattering layer 18 Colored layer 20 Anti-glare particles 22 Backlight source 24 Light guide plate 26 Protective layer 28 Polarizing film 30 Glass substrate 32 Liquid crystal layer 34 Color filter
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