KR20120026601A - Transmission type liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Abstract

A transmissive liquid crystal display device comprising at least a backlight light source, light control means for controlling the directivity of light generated by the backlight light source, a light diffusion layer comprising a transmissive liquid crystal cell and a transmissive polymer, a scattering agent, and a colorant. The transmissive liquid crystal cell and the light diffusion layer are sequentially arranged in the order of the transmissive liquid crystal cell adjacent to the light control means.

Description

Transmissive Liquid Crystal Display {TRANSMISSION TYPE LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE}

The present invention relates to a transmissive liquid crystal display device.

Transmissive liquid crystal display devices are widely used as representative flat panel displays due to their excellent characteristics such as thin, light weight and low power consumption. In particular, the spread to televisions, PC monitors, vehicle displays, and mobile phones is notable. Since the liquid crystal itself is a non-light emitting device, it can be broadly divided into three types: transmissive, transflective, and reflective by the irradiation method of light from the light source. In a situation where the external light is relatively weak, high image quality is realized by a transmissive method that can stably irradiate light of appropriate intensity from the backlight. Therefore, transmissive liquid crystal displays are mainly used for applications requiring high image quality such as televisions and PC monitors.

The liquid crystal has a TN mode, a VA mode, an IPS mode, an OCB mode, etc. with respect to its molecular arrangement. These have a viewing angle dependency due to the respective optical properties. Therefore, even if it designed so that image quality, such as contrast and a color, may be favorable with respect to the normal line direction (front gate direction) of a liquid crystal panel, image quality will fall in a diagonal direction. In order to solve this problem, a method of using a viewing angle compensation film as shown in FIG. 10 and a method of using a light diffusion layer as shown in FIG. 11 have been proposed.

In the method using the viewing angle compensation film, for example, as shown in FIG. 10, after the backlight spreads at the wide angle transmitted from the backlight light source 1, the viewing angle compensation film 3 is removed. It passes through the combined liquid crystal panel 4.

As described above, in the method using the viewing angle compensation film, part of the light passes obliquely through the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal panel because the light is used with a wide-angle backlight. Therefore, to compensate for the phase difference between the light passing through the liquid crystal layer in the normal direction and the light passing through the angle and the light passing obliquely, the viewing angle compensation film 3 is used. Currently commercially available liquid crystal display devices often use a viewing angle compensation film.

In addition, although the case where two viewing angle compensation films are used is shown in FIG. 10, 1 sheet or 3 sheets or more may be used. In addition, the transparent protective film may also function as a viewing angle compensation film.

Since this viewing angle compensation film requires high ball | bending refractive control, it is generally expensive compared with other optical films. In addition, the phase difference between the light passing through the liquid crystal layer in the normal direction and the light passing obliquely generally depends on the wavelength. Therefore, although the viewing angle compensation film needs to be adjusted so as to have an appropriate birefringence wavelength dispersion property in the liquid crystal layer used, since the wavelength dispersion property of the birefringence is inherent in the material, it is easy to obtain ideal characteristics. It is not.

On the other hand, in the method using the light diffusion layer, for example, as shown in FIG. 11, light passing through the light guide plate 6 generated from the backlight light source 1 sequentially passes through the liquid crystal panel 4 and the light diffusion layer 5. The liquid crystal display panel passes through the liquid crystal display panel in an approximately normal direction.

As described above, in the method using the light diffusing layer, in combination with the highly directional backlight and most of the light passes through the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal panel along the normal direction, a viewing angle compensation film for compensating the phase difference of light is not provided. Since the light after passing through the liquid crystal layer is diffused to the wide angle by the light diffusion layer 5, a wide viewing angle can be realized.

Moreover, about the light-diffusion layer, the light-diffusion layer which contains the transparent filler which spreads the transparent microparticles | fine-particles between the polarizing plate and a glass substrate on the whole surface, and fills the clearance gap of microparticles | fine-particles is proposed (for example, refer patent document 1).

Moreover, the method of using the light-diffusion film which a scatterer disperses in transparency resin as a protective film of a polarizing plate is proposed (for example, refer patent document 2). In this patent document 2, the thing of flat shape is described as a scatterer dispersed in transparency resin.

However, in the method of using the light diffusion layer, the decrease in the contrast due to external light is a problem and has not been used in most cases.

Moreover, the method of using together a viewing angle compensation film and a light-diffusion layer is also proposed (for example, refer patent document 3). In this patent document 3, the viewing angle compensation sheet which consists mainly of a liquid crystalline compound, and a light-diffusion layer are used together, the method of improving the viewing angle of OCB mode, and the cellulose acetate film and light-diffusion layer which have optical anisotropy are used together, and the viewing angle of VA mode is improved. The method of making is described.

However, the above problem in the light diffusion layer is still not solved.

Patent Document 1: Patent No. 3517975 Patent Document 1: Patent No. 3822102 Patent Document 2: Patent No. 4054670

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a transmissive liquid crystal display device in which a reduction in contrast due to external light is suppressed while realizing a wide viewing angle in order to solve the conventional problems.

The invention according to claim 1,

At least,

Backlight source,

Light control means for controlling directivity of light generated by the backlight light source;

A light diffusion layer comprising a transmissive liquid crystal cell, a light transmitting polymer, a scatterer, and a coloring material sequentially from a side close to the light control means;

It is a transmissive liquid crystal display device comprising a.

The invention according to claim 2,

The light diffusing layer of claim 1,

A transmissive liquid crystal display device having an internal absorbance of 0.001 or more at a main wavelength of light generated from the backlight light source.

The invention according to claim 3,

The said light-diffusion layer is a transmissive liquid crystal display device of any one of Claims 1 and 2 whose internal absorbance in the main wavelength of the light emitted from the said backlight light source is 0.020 or more.

The invention according to claim 4,

The said light-diffusion layer is a transmissive liquid crystal display device of any one of Claims 1-3 whose internal absorbance in the main wavelength of the light emitted from the said backlight light source is 0.028 or more and 0.0262 or less.

The invention according to claim 5,

The transmissive liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a concentration of said scattering particles in said light diffusing layer is high on the liquid crystal cell side with respect to a film direction of said light diffusing layer.

The invention according to claim 6,

The transmissive liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the light diffusing layer is a laminate of a scattering layer in which the scatterers are dispersed in the light transmitting polymer, and a colored layer containing the light transmitting polymer and the coloring agent. to be.

According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a transmissive liquid crystal display device in which a reduction in contrast due to external light is suppressed while realizing a wide viewing angle.

1 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of the light diffusion layer of the first embodiment.
2 illustrates the function and function of the light diffusing layer according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of the light diffusing layer of the second embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of the light diffusion layer of the third embodiment.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of the light diffusing layer of the fourth embodiment.
6 is a schematic view showing a cross section of a light diffusing layer of another embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section showing an example of the configuration of the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention.
8 is an internal absorbance spectrum of Samples 11 to 14 in Example 1. FIG.
9 is an internal transmittance spectrum of Samples 11 to 14 in Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a passage path of light to a liquid crystal display using a conventional viewing angle compensation film. FIG.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a passage path of light to a liquid crystal display using a general light diffusing layer. FIG.
It is a photograph which shows the influence of the external light by the conventional light-diffusion layer, (A) is no external light, (B) is a photograph photographed in the state with external light.

The transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises at least a backlight light source, light control means for controlling the directivity of light generated by the backlight light source, a transmissive liquid crystal cell, a transparent polymer and scattering sequentially from a side proximate the light control means. And a light diffusing layer comprising a ruler and a coloring material.

Generally, in order to reduce the color change (color shift) by the viewing angle of a liquid crystal display, the viewing angle compensation film as shown in FIG. 10 is used. It is necessary to give a suitable birefringence wavelength dispersion to this viewing angle compensation film. However, birefringence wavelength dispersion is inherent in the material, and it is not easy to obtain a polymer having an ideal wavelength dispersion.

Therefore, in the present invention, a method of using the light diffusing layer shown in FIG. 11, that is, a method of using a backlight having a high directivity and a light diffusing window together is adopted. By adopting this method, after the problem with the method of using a viewing angle compensation film, such as reduction of the color shift of the viewing angle which arises in order for light to pass through at a large angle with respect to the normal line direction (0 degree) of a liquid crystal panel, is solved, Viewing angle can be realized.

The light diffusing layer according to the present invention contains a scatterer and diffuses a backlight having a relatively directivity, thereby realizing a wide viewing angle. In addition, the light diffusing layer according to the present invention contains a coloring agent such as a dye, and has a function of absorbing incident external light, so that the light diffusing layer is farther from the backlight than the liquid crystal cell, specifically, for example, an observer. The fall of contrast is suppressed by giving it to the (transparent) protective layer attached to the side or outside of the said transparent protective layer.

Here, in order to demonstrate the function and operation of the present invention, first, an actual image of a liquid crystal display using a conventional light diffusing layer will be described.

FIG. 12 is a photograph of a liquid crystal display (right half side) in which a PMMA polymer film (light diffusing layer) to which alumina fine particles are added is provided on the front side, and a liquid crystal display (left half side) in which the film is not disposed.

Here, FIG. 12 (A) photographed in a state in which the room was darkened and external light did not affect the liquid crystal display, while FIG. 12 (B) lit a fluorescent lamp in the ceiling part of the room, and the light The picture was taken while influencing the liquid crystal display.

Comparing Figs. 12 (A) and (B), if the light diffusing layer is reliably placed on the liquid crystal display and there is an influence of external light, the whitening and contrast are lowered (right side of Fig. 12 (B)). Compared to the case of FIG. 12 (A) without the influence of external light, the reason of contrast whitening in FIG. 12 (B) with the influence of external light is that the contrast is reduced after the external light enters the light diffusion layer and scatters. This is because it returns to the outside (observer side) of the light diffusion layer.

Thus, in the conventional liquid crystal display using the light-diffusion layer, there existed the problem of the fall of contrast by penetration of external light.

In the above situation, the present inventors maintain a high quality of an image (image) by a light diffusing layer in which a scattering agent for diffusing light and a coloring agent such as a dye for absorbing light are added to the light transmitting polymer. While suppressing whitening, it has been found that the light from the backlight can be widened at a wide angle. 1 shows a first embodiment of such a light diffusing layer.

In FIG. 1, in the light diffusing layer 10, the scatterers 12 are dispersed in the light transmitting polymer 14, and more preferably, the scatterers 12 are uniformly distributed in the light transmitting polymer 14. It is. In addition, the light transmissive polymer 14 contains coloring agents (not shown), such as a pigment | dye.

Here, by including the colorant in the light diffusing layer 10, the reason that can attenuate the light returned by the external light that causes whitening can be estimated as follows. However, the present invention is not limited to this speculation.

As shown by the solid arrows in FIG. 2, what reaches the observer's eye among the light from the backlight is light that has been scattered about once or several times and passed through the light diffusion layer 10. On the contrary, what reaches the observer's eye during external light is the light returned to the observer side after repeating a larger number of scatterings by the scatterer 12 after entering the light diffusion layer 10. Accordingly, the external light travels a long distance in the light diffusion layer 10 as compared with the light from the backlight (see the dotted arrow in FIG. 2).

In this case, when the light diffusion layer 10 contains a colorant, the external light traveling a long distance may be gradually absorbed by the colorant to attenuate the feedback light due to the external light that causes whitening.

In view of the above basic principles, the configuration of the light diffusion layer is not limited to that shown in FIG. 3 shows as a second embodiment of the light diffusing layer.

In FIG. 3, the scatterers 12 are distributed in the light diffusion layer 10 in a direction opposite to the liquid crystal layer in the thickness direction. The scatterers 12 may be arranged side by side at appropriate intervals, may be in contact with each other, or may be arranged irregularly.

4 shows a third embodiment of the light diffusing layer.

In FIG. 4, the scatterers 12 are arranged in a plurality of layers in the thickness direction of the light diffusion layer. The scatterers 12 do not necessarily form regular layers.

5 shows a fourth embodiment of the light diffusing layer.

In FIG. 5, the colored layer 18 which contains a coloring agent as the translucent polymer 14 is provided in the outer side (observer side) of the scattering layer 16 containing the translucent polymer 14 and the scatterer 12. The scattering layer 16 may contain a colorant, but may not contain it.

It is clear from the traveling paths of the backlight and the external light shown in FIG. 2 that the external light observed as the return light by the light diffusing layer having the configuration of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 has a longer distance in the light diffusing layer. By advancing, it is possible to preferentially attenuate external light. In particular, the light diffusing layer having the configuration of FIG. 5 can effectively attenuate external light.

In addition, the scattering layer 16 shown in FIG. 5 may have the arrangement which the scatterer 12 was biased in the film thickness direction like FIG. 3 and FIG.

Outside the light diffusion layer 10, antireflection or anti-glare treatment may be performed using a known technique. 6, it is also possible to add (introduce) the antiglare particles 20 to the light diffusion layer 10.

Hereinafter, the component which comprises a light-diffusion layer is demonstrated.

Although various organic pigment | dyes are suitable suitably, a coloring agent is refine | miniaturized to the extent which does not significantly degrade the resolution of an image (image), and if a dispersion state is favorable, organic pigment and an inorganic pigment can also be used. Specifically, well-known organic pigments and inorganic pigments, such as carbon black, anthraquinone type compound, perylene type compound, aziazo type compound, a phthalocyanine type compound, an isoindolin type compound, a dioxazine type compound, can be used. The kind of organic dye is not specifically limited.

A coloring agent can be used individually by 1 type of specific things, or can be used in combination of several types of things. It is preferable that the spectrum of the internal absorbance obtained by combining one type or a plurality of light absorbing agents is an abbreviated value ideally over the whole wavelength range (about 380 nm-about 750 nm) of visible light.

As a backlight light source of a liquid crystal display, a cold cathode tube (cold cathode fluorescent lamp) or an LED is used in many cases, and it is usually light in the main three wavelengths corresponding to red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Has a peak of intensity. Therefore, the light absorption of the dye added to the present invention may not necessarily be the same absorbance (transmittance) for the entire region of the visible light wavelength region as described above, and the appropriate absorbance balance is adjusted for the three main wavelengths of the backlight. It may be one.

From the viewpoint of displaying a good white color, it is preferable to adjust the difference in the respective internal absorbances of the light diffusion layers in the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source as small as possible. For example, when using a cold cathode tube having a main wavelength of three wavelengths as a light source, the difference between the respective internal absorbances of the light diffusion layers at wavelengths of about 435 nm, about 545 nm, and about 615 nm is adjusted to be as small as possible. It is desirable to.

Specifically, the difference in the respective absorbances of the light diffusing layer in the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight light source is preferably 0.05 or less, more preferably 0.02 or less, and even more preferably 0.01 or less.

Here, the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source means, for example, three wavelengths of about 435 nm, about 545 nm, and about 615 nm in a general cold cathode tube. In addition, a light source other than three wavelengths whose main wavelength is used may be used as a backlight. For example, there are also four-wavelength backlights in which three wavelengths of blue, green, and red are added to dark red, and in this case, the four wavelengths are the main wavelengths. In addition, the LED may have a main wavelength different from that of the general cold cathode tube.

Furthermore, the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight light source does not change much after passing through the light control means for controlling its directivity, but the internal absorbance of the light diffusion layer is adjusted to the main wavelength of the light after passing through the light control means. You can also make adjustments.

Moreover, the light of a specific wavelength may attenuate or shift a peak wavelength by the color filter provided in the liquid crystal cell, and resin in each layer. In this case, in consideration of the spectrum of light immediately before entering the light diffusing layer, the internal absorbance of the light diffusing layer can be adjusted according to the main wavelength of the light just before entering the light diffusing layer.

Table 1 shows the internal absorbance and transmittance according to one embodiment of the light scattering layer of the present invention, in which the internal absorbance is adjusted to the main wavelength of a general cold cathode tube.

As shown in Table 1, in consideration of the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source used as the light source, it is preferable to adjust so that the difference in the respective internal absorbance of the light diffusion layer to the main wavelength becomes small.

On the other hand, the light from the backlight is preferably transmitted from the light diffusion layer 10 without being absorbed by the colorant and reaches the observer from the viewpoint of increasing the luminance. Therefore, it is preferable to adjust content of the coloring agent in the light-diffusion layer 10 so that it may become the range of the absorbance which suppresses the loss of the light from a backlight, attenuating the feedback light by external light.

Therefore, for the purpose of the present invention which attenuates external light and suppresses attenuation of light from the backlight, it is preferable to adjust the internal absorbance of the light diffusion layer at the primary wavelength of light generated from the backlight light source to 0.014 or more, It is more preferable that it is 0.020 or more, and it is still more preferable that it is 0.028 or more. In consideration of the front luminance, it is preferable to adjust the internal absorbance of the light diffusing layer at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source to a range of 0.014 to 0.095, more preferably 0.014 to 0.088, and more preferably 0.020 It is still more preferable that it is the range of 0.088 or more, It is still more preferable that it is the range of 0.028 or more and 0.088 or less, It is still more preferable that it is the range of 0.028 or more and 0.062 or less.

It is preferable to select the translucent polymer 14 and the scatterer 12 in the light-diffusion layer appropriately so that the combination of each refractive index and the magnitude | size of the scatterer 12 become an appropriate value. By such adjustment, the light from the backlight is scattered by the scatterer 12 to realize a wide viewing angle while efficiently passing through the light diffusion layer to exhibit high luminance. In addition, by adjusting such a light diffusion layer, blurring of the image can be suppressed.

Specifically, the light transmissive polymer 14 used in the light diffusing layer includes a cellulose derivative represented by triacetyl cellulose, an acrylic polymer represented by polymethyl methacrylate, a cycloolefin polymer represented by polycarbonate, and a norbornene-based compound. It is possible to use various light transmitting polymers such as polymers, but is not limited to those described above. The light transmissive polymer 14 used in the light diffusion layer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer, or may be a branded polymer. In addition, the polymer may be a high purity polymer containing almost no other additives. And various additives such as plasticizers. In addition, the light transmissive polymer 14 may be a polymer having an adhesive property.

Since the refractive index of the light transmissive polymer 14 is suitably selected by the combination with the scattering element 12 etc. to add, although it is not specified uniformly, it is generally preferable that it is 1.33-1.65, and it is more preferable that it is 1.45-1.60. For example, the refractive index of triacetyl cellulose is 1.48, and the refractive index of polymethyl methacrylate is 1.49.

As the scatterer 12, translucent particles are very suitable. Specifically, alumina particles, silicone polymer particles, melamine-formaldehyde condensate particles, benzoguanamine-formaldehyde condensate particles, benzoguanamine-melamine-formaldehyde condensate particles, titanium oxide particles, silica particles, and the like are used. Possible, but not limited to the above.

Although the average particle diameter of the scatterer 12 is suitably selected by the combination with the above-mentioned translucent polymer 14 etc., it is not specified uniformly. Generally, it is preferable that they are 0.05 micrometer or more and 25 micrometers or less, and it is preferable that they are 0.1 micrometer or more and 20 micrometers or less. More preferably, it is more preferable that they are 0.8 micrometer or more and 18 micrometers or less.

The refractive index of the scatterer is also appropriately selected in combination with the light-transmitting polymer or the like described above, but is not specified uniformly, but is generally 1.40 to 2.75, more preferably 1.43 to 1.9. Moreover, it is preferable that the difference with the refractive index with the translucent polymer 14 is 0.02-1.25, and, as for the refractive index of the scatterer 12, it is more preferable that it is 0.03-0.30. The refractive index difference in the above range is very suitable in view of the effect of light diffusion.

Although the content rate of the scatterer 12 with respect to the translucent polymer 14 is suitably adjusted by the kind of the translucent polymer 14, and the kind and size of the scatterer 12, it is not specified uniformly, but generally 0.1 It is preferable that it is mass% or more and 50 mass% or less, and it is more preferable that it is 0.5 mass% or more and 15 mass% or less.

As described above, the light diffusing layer according to the present invention has a function of diffusing light and a function of absorbing light.

About the light diffusion function, the angular distribution of the luminance of the backlight before entering the liquid crystal panel (corresponding before entering the transparent protective layer 26 of FIG. 7), which is a configuration of the transmissive liquid crystal display device described later (see FIG. 7). And light from this backlight can be evaluated by comparing the angular distribution of luminance after passing through the liquid crystal panel and diffused in the light diffusion layer.

More simply, it can evaluate by measuring the haze (Haze) of the film-form sample which added the scattering agent to the translucent polymer.

In an edge-lit back light, in order to widen a relatively high directional light in the light diffusion layer so that a sufficient viewing angle can be obtained, a haze of 40% or more is generally required. However, the required haze depends on the degree of expansion of light from the light and the degree of expansion of light to be obtained after the light diffusion layer has passed.

For example, the haze is preferably 70% or more when the directivity is very high and the half-width of the luminance angle distribution is about 30 ° or less to obtain an enlargement of the luminance angle distribution of a general liquid crystal TV. More than 80% is even more preferred.

In addition, when the directional high backlight having the half width of the luminance angle distribution is about 30 ° or less, it is very suitable to adjust the internal absorbance of the light diffusion layer at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source to 0.028 or more. It is more preferable that it is the range of 0.028 or more and 0.088 or less, It is more preferable that it is the range of 0.028 or more and 0.062 or less, It is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining high front brightness, displaying favorable black, in the range of 0.055 or more and 0.062 or less. .

On the other hand, if the backlight having lower directivity is used, even if the haze is lower, it can be sufficiently diffused. For example, in the case of the backlight having a medium directionality having a half width of the luminance angular distribution of more than 30 degrees and about 50 degrees or less, the haze is preferably 60% or more, and even more preferably 70% or more.

In addition, when the half value width of a luminance angle distribution is larger than 30 degrees, and has the moderate directivity of about 50 degrees or less, the internal absorbance of the light-diffusion layer in the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight light source is 0.020. It is very suitable to adjust as mentioned above, It is more preferable that it is the range of 0.020 or more and 0.095 or less, It is more preferable that it is the range of 0.020 or more and 0.068 or less, It is 0.029 or more and 0.068 or less The range is 0.029 or more and 0.068 or less The high front brightness, displaying favorable black It is preferable from the viewpoint of maintaining.

As described above, the more suitable haze value and the range of internal absorbance vary slightly depending on the directivity of the light from the backlight to be used, but from the viewpoint of suppressing the whitening of the screen, any light of any directivity may be used. It is also shown in the examples described later that the main effects occur when the absorbance is adjusted to 0.014 or more.

The function of absorbing light can be evaluated by measuring the absorbance (or transmittance) with a commercially available measuring instrument. For the measurement, a film sample in which a light absorbent is added to the light transmitting polymer is used. In that case, a baseline can be measured using the comparative film-form sample which does not add the light absorber, and the influence of the reflection in a sample surface can be eliminated. The absorbance inside the film thus obtained is defined as the internal absorbance. Attenuation and transmittance are required from the internal absorbance. This is defined as internal attenuation (%) and internal transmittance (%), respectively. Adding the internal attenuation rate and the internal transmittance to each other results in 100%.

Finally, the light-diffusion layer designed suitably based on the said evaluation result is provided in the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the structure shown in FIG. 7, and the effect is evaluated.

As a manufacturing method of the light-diffusion layer 10, the translucent polymer 14, the scatterer 12, and a coloring agent are included, for example, The coating liquid containing a solvent etc. is prepared as needed, and this coating liquid is prepared, for example. There may be a method of coating on the outermost layer (on the outermost part layer) in the liquid crystal cell such as the transparent protective layer 26 by a known method.

Next, a transmissive liquid crystal display device will be described.

The transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention comprises at least a backlight light source, light control means for controlling the directivity of light generated from the backlight light source, and a transmissive liquid crystal cell and a translucent polymer sequentially from a side proximate the light control means. And a light diffusing layer comprising a scatterer and a colorant.

An embodiment of a specific configuration of the transmissive liquid crystal display of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 7.

In FIG. 7, light generated from the backlight light source 22 passes through the light guide plate 24 to become light having directivity, and the light is a transparent protective layer 26, a polarizing film 28, and a transparent protective layer 26. ), Glass substrate 30, liquid crystal layer 32, color filter 34, glass substrate 30, transparent protective layer 26, polarizing film 28, transparent protective layer 26, It diffuses into the diffusion layer 10.

In the transmissive liquid crystal display of FIG. 7, the transparent protective layer 26, the polarizing film 28, the transparent protective layer 26, the glass substrate 30, the liquid crystal layer 32, and the color filter as a liquid crystal cell according to the present invention. The lamination | stacking in order of the 34, the glass substrate 30, the transparent protective layer 26, the polarizing film 28, and the transparent protective layer 26 is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and in the case where at least the liquid crystal layer 32 is retained, the number of sheets used for each member can be appropriately selected, and other members can be provided.

For example, the light diffusing layer 10 may be integrated into the light diffusing layer 10 described with reference to FIG. 7 and the transparent protective layer 26 adjacent to each other, and the light diffusing layer may be used as the protective layer. In the case where the transparent protective layer 26 and the light diffusing layer 10 are integrated and the light diffusing layer serves as a protective layer, the light diffusing layer is a known film forming method such as a solution flow-forming film forming method or a melt extrusion method (steel membrane method). It can produce by a film according to a well-known method, and can paste | blend and mix it with the polarizing film 28 according to a well-known method.

Moreover, the scattering agent 12 and a coloring agent are added to the adhesive layer (not shown) for pasting and compounding the polarizing film 28 and the outer transparent protective layer 26, and this adhesive layer can also be called a light-diffusion layer. have. An adhesive polymer is contained in this adhesive layer, and this adhesive polymer is contained as a translucent polymer.

The light diffusing layer 10 included in the transmissive liquid crystal display of the present invention may contain a light transmitting polymer, a scatterer and a colorant, and the light diffusing layer of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 and the second shown in FIG. 3. The light diffusing layer of the embodiment, the light diffusing layer of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the light diffusing layer of the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 5, or even the light diffusing layer incorporating the antiglare particles 20 shown in FIG. 6. It may be.

As the backlight light source 22, although a cold cathode tube is suitable, it is not limited to it, A hot cathode tube (hot cathode fluorescent lamp), LED, etc. can also be used. About LED, you may use a white LED, and even if it uses red, green, and blue LED mixed and expresses white, it can use.

Moreover, lasers, such as a laser diode, can be used as a backlight light source. In particular, lasers that emit polarized light are highly suitable for the transmissive liquid crystal display device of the present invention because high efficiency can be obtained. Like LEDs, laser diodes can be mixed with several colored lights to produce white.

As the light guide plate 24, a known one can be applied.

In the transmissive liquid crystal display of FIG. 7, the backlight light source 22 and the light guide plate 24 are provided as the light source, but other members may be included. For example, a prism sheet for improving the brightness, a diffusion plate having a prism structure, a reflective polarizing film having an optical recycling function (for example, 3M company's DBEF, etc.), which is generally used as a member for backlight, and the like May be disposed between the light guide plate and the liquid crystal panel. Although the base material is not shown in FIG. 7, members, such as a reflective sheet and a lamp reflector, can also be arrange | positioned around a light guide plate.

In the transmissive liquid crystal display of Fig. 7, the light guide plate 24 is used as the light having directivity, but the light directivity can be controlled by means other than the light guide plate. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, instead of the light guide plate, a film having a function of condensing light on the diffuser plate 2 is provided by placing the diffuser plate 2 after arranging the cold cathode tubes at predetermined intervals. It is also possible to use a diffusion plate that is disposed or finely processed on the diffusion plate itself to give a light condensing function. In addition, when using the element which emits more high directivity light, such as LED and LD instead of a cold cathode tube, the directivity of the light which arises from such an element can also be used using a diffusion sheet or a diffusion plate. Moreover, the light guide component, the light converging component, and the light reflection component which are already used for lighting use in such an element can be combined suitably, and it can also adjust so that it may become an angle distribution of suitable brightness | luminance.

As the transmissive liquid crystal cell (liquid crystal layer) 32, a known transmissive liquid crystal cell can be used. Moreover, a well-known technique can also be used also about the transparent protective layer 26, the polarizing film 28, the glass substrate 30, and the color filter 34 used for the transmissive liquid crystal display device of this invention. In addition, in the transmissive liquid crystal display of the present invention, a viewing angle compensation film may be used together with the light diffusing layer according to the present invention.

According to the transmission type liquid crystal display device using the light diffusion layer of the present invention, a wide viewing angle can be obtained without using a viewing angle compensation film. Moreover, according to the transmissive liquid crystal display device using the light-diffusion layer of this invention, the fall of contrast is suppressed.

In order to widen a highly directional light in a light-diffusion layer so that a sufficient viewing angle can be obtained, it is generally necessary to fully contain a scatterer in a light-diffusion layer, and to raise haze. As a result of the light diffusing layer sufficiently containing the scatterers, as shown in Fig. 12, the whitening of the external light was remarkable, and it was difficult to handle the backlight having high directivity in the conventional light diffusing layer.

However, when the light diffusing layer of the present invention is used, even when a backlight having a relatively high directivity is used, a sufficiently wide viewing angle can be realized while suppressing whitening.

Example

Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated in detail based on an Example, this invention is not limited to this Example.

Example 1

<Production of Light Diffusion Layer>

In the following manner, a single light diffusing layer shown in FIG. 1 was produced.

Triacetylcellulose was added and dissolved in methylene chloride, and the mixture was stirred uniformly to prepare a polymer solution. This solution was applied onto a stainless substrate with a flat surface, and the solvent was volatilized to prepare a transparent protective layer having a thickness of about 50 µm.

On the other hand, polymethyl methacrylate, red, blue, and yellow organic pigments were added to methylene chloride, and alumina microparticles (average particle size: 1.1 µm) were further added and stirred uniformly to prepare a dispersion liquid.

In addition, red, blue, and yellow organic pigment | dyes were added so that it might become the density | concentration (mass%) of Table 2 below with respect to polymethyl methacrylate. In addition, the alumina microparticles | fine-particles were added so that it may become 10 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of polymethyl methacrylates.

The methylene chloride concentration was suitably adjusted so that the said dispersion liquid could obtain the light-diffusion layer of desired thickness, and was easy to apply | coat. This dispersion liquid was apply | coated to the said transparent protective layer, and the light-diffusion layers 11-14 of thickness about 30 micrometers were obtained.

<Measurement of Internal Absorbance, Internal Attenuation, and Internal Transmittance>

For the measurement of internal absorbance, internal attenuation, and internal transmittance, a film (a sample for measurement) having a composition in which only alumina fine particles were removed from the light diffusion layer having the composition was prepared.

In the preparation of the sample for measurement, first, polymethyl methacrylate, red, blue, and yellow organic pigments were added to methylene chloride, and stirred uniformly to prepare a solution. This solution was apply | coated on the stainless steel substrate with a flat surface, the solvent was substantially volatilized, and the samples 11-14 for measurement of thickness about 30 micrometers were produced. In addition, the measurement samples 11-14 correspond to the said light-diffusion layers 11-14, respectively.

The internal absorbance, the internal attenuation rate, and the internal transmittance of the films of the samples 11 to 14 for measurement were measured using a commercially available spectrophotometer.

Here, internal absorbance is absorbance of the film which added the light absorbing substance, without adding scatterers, such as an alumina particle, to a translucent polymer. Absorption by light absorption in a film inside does not include reflection in a film surface.

The internal decay rate is the decay rate (%) converted from the internal absorbance.

In addition, an internal transmittance is the value computed from the following formula.

[Internal transmittance] = 100 (%)-[internal attenuation rate]

Moreover, the polymer film of the composition except the alumina microparticles and organic pigment | dye was produced from the said composition. The above-mentioned film was measured based on the value measured using this, and the internal absorbance, the internal attenuation rate, and the internal transmittance except the loss by surface reflection were found. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

8 shows the internal absorbance spectrum of the measurement sample 11-14, and FIG. 9 shows the internal transmittance spectrum of the measurement sample 11-14.

<Haze evaluation>

In order to evaluate the haze of a light-diffusion layer, the polymer film (sample for haze measurement) which added only the alumina microparticles (average particle diameter 1.1 micrometer) of the same density | concentration was added, without adding an organic pigment | dye.

In preparation of the sample for haze measurement, first, polymethyl methacrylate and alumina microparticles were added to methylene chloride, and it stirred uniformly, and prepared the dispersion liquid. 10 weight part of alumina microparticles | fine-particles were added with respect to 100 weight part of polymethylmethacrylates. This dispersion liquid was apply | coated on the stainless steel substrate with a flat surface, the solvent was volatilized substantially, and the sample for haze measurement of thickness about 30 micrometers was obtained.

This haze measurement sample was measured with haze data (Japan Color Industry Co., Ltd., NDH2000), but the haze was about 91%.

<Evaluation of whitening of screen>

The said light-diffusion layers 11-14 were provided to the transmissive liquid crystal display element of the structure of FIG. 7, and it evaluated. The liquid crystal panel used a VA type, and used as a backlight light source the cold cathode tube whose main wavelength is about 435 nm, about 545 nm, and about 615 nm. In addition, the whiteness of the screen was evaluated by illuminating the front tilt of the screen from about 45 degrees with a fluorescent lamp so as to be approximately 100 lx, which is the illuminance of general living degree. At the time of evaluation, the screen was made black.

As a result, the whitening was reduced for the sample with a high internal absorbance. When the internal absorbance was 0.014, it was practical, and when it was 0.028 or more, whitening was hardly seen. Particularly, good black color was displayed in the samples 13 and 14 with 0.055 or more.

<Measurement of Luminance Angle Distribution>

For the transmissive liquid crystal display device used for the evaluation of whitening of the screen, front luminance and luminance angle distribution were measured using a luminance meter (Topcon, BM7FAST). The measurement made the screen a white display.

As for the angle distribution of the brightness | luminance of the backlight before injecting into a liquid crystal panel (it corresponds before injecting into the transparent protective layer 26 of FIG. 7), the half value width was about 30 degree | times. As a result of the light from this backlight passing through the liquid crystal panel and diffusing in the light diffusing layer of the front surface, the half value width became about 70 degrees in all of the light diffusing layers 11-14.

For comparison, front luminance and luminance angle distribution were also measured for a conventional liquid crystal panel having a viewing angle compensation film. The conventional liquid crystal panel which has this viewing angle compensation film is a commercial liquid crystal display, does not have a light-diffusion layer, and did not include the layer which added the coloring agent like this invention.

The screen of a conventional liquid crystal panel having a viewing angle compensation film has a luminance angle distribution width necessary to obtain a sufficient viewing angle while using a directional high backlight from the above result, since the half width of the luminance angle distribution is about 70 degrees. Confirmed.

In addition, almost the same characteristics could be obtained also with respect to the luminance angle distribution in the vertical direction. As shown in Table 3, the front luminance was lowered as the concentration of the added organic dye increased. When the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source is 0.062 or less, the front luminance and luminance angle distribution width of about the same or better (better) than that of the screen of a conventional liquid crystal panel having a viewing angle compensation film can be obtained. .

The front absorbance and luminance equal to or more than the screen of a conventional liquid crystal panel having a viewing angle compensation film shown in FIG. 10 by forming a light diffusion layer having an internal absorbance at a main wavelength of light generated from a backlight light source in a range of about 0.062 or less. A liquid crystal display having an angular distribution width was obtained. In particular, the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source was able to obtain good characteristics in the light diffusion layer in the range of 0.028 to 0.062.

In such a liquid crystal display, blurring of an image by the light diffusion layer hardly occurred. Despite the configuration in which the viewing angle compensation film was not used, a viewing angle almost equivalent to that of the screen of the conventional liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film shown in Fig. 10 was obtained.

[Example 2]

<Production of Light Diffusion Layer>

In the following manner, light diffusion layers 21 to 24 having a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 4 were prepared.

First, as in Example 1, a transparent protective layer was prepared.

On the other hand, the same polymethyl methacrylate, red, blue, and yellow organic pigments as in Example 1 were added to methylene chloride, melamine-formaldehyde condensate fine particles (average particle size of 1.3 mu m) were added and stirred uniformly, Dispersion was prepared.

In addition, red, blue, and yellow organic pigment | dyes were added so that it might become concentration (mass%) of Table 4 below with respect to polymethyl methacrylate. In addition, the melamine-formaldehyde condensate microparticles | fine-particles were added so that it might be 5 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of polymethylmethacrylates.

While the said dispersion liquid was able to obtain the light-diffusion layer of desired predetermined thickness, it adjusted the density | concentration of methylene chloride suitably for easy application | coating. This dispersion liquid was apply | coated to the said transparent protective layer, and the light-diffusion layer of thickness about 30 micrometers was obtained.

By observing the cross section of the obtained light diffusing layer with a transmission electron microscope, it was confirmed that the added light-transmitting fine particles (melamine-formaldehyde condensate fine particles) were present at one surface side in the light diffusing layer as shown in FIG. 4.

<Measurement of Internal Absorbance, Internal Attenuation, and Internal Transmittance>

For the measurement of the internal absorbance, the internal attenuation rate and the internal transmittance, a film (Samples 21 to 24 for measurement) was prepared from the light diffusing layer having the composition, removing only the melamine formaldehyde condensate fine particles. The method for producing the samples 21 to 24 for measurement corresponds to the method for producing the samples 11 to 14 for measurement in Example 1. FIG. These films were measured for internal absorbance, internal attenuation, and internal transmittance using a commercially available spectrophotometer.

Moreover, the polymer film of the composition except the melamine formaldehyde condensate microparticles | fine-particles and an organic pigment | dye was produced from the said composition. The above-mentioned film was measured based on the value measured using this, and the internal absorbance, the internal attenuation rate, and the internal transmittance except the loss by surface reflection were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.

<Evaluation of haze>

In order to evaluate the haze of the light-diffusion layer, a polymer film having a film thickness of about 30 μm (sample for haze measurement) in which only melamine-formaldehyde condensate fine particles (average particle size of 1.3 μm) of the same concentration were added without adding an organic dye. ) Was produced. The production method of the sample for haze measurement was made to follow the manufacturing method of the sample for haze measurement in Example 1.

The produced haze measurement sample was measured by the haze meter (Japan Color Industry Co., Ltd., NDH2000), and haze was about 94%.

<Evaluation of whitening of screen>

The light-diffusion layers 21-24 were provided with the transmissive liquid crystal display element of FIG. 7, and the light-diffusion layer was evaluated. The liquid crystal panel used VA type, and used as a backlight the cold cathode tube whose main wavelength is about 435 nm, about 545 nm, and about 615 nm. In addition, the whiteness of the screen was evaluated by illuminating the front tilt of the screen from about 45 degrees with a fluorescent lamp so as to be approximately 100 lx, which is the illuminance of general living degree. At the time of evaluation, the screen was made into black display.

As a result, the whitening was reduced for the sample with a high internal absorbance. If the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source is 0.014, it is practical, and if it is 0.028 or more, whitening is hardly seen. In particular, the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source is 0.055 or more. In the samples 23 and 24, good black color was displayed.

<Measurement of Luminance Angle Distribution>

For the transmissive liquid crystal display device used for the evaluation of whitening of the screen, front luminance and luminance angle distribution were measured using a luminance meter (Topcon, BM7FAST). The measurement made the screen a white display.

As for the angle distribution of the brightness | luminance of the backlight before injecting into a liquid crystal panel (it corresponds before injecting into the transparent protective layer 26 of FIG. 7), the half value width was about 30 degree | times. As a result of the light from this backlight passing through the liquid crystal panel and diffused in the light diffusing layer on the front surface, the half width was about 70 degrees in all of the light diffusing layers 21 to 24.

The screen of a conventional liquid crystal panel with a viewing angle compensation film has a half-width of about 70 degrees of luminance angle distribution, and as a result, it has a luminance angle distribution width necessary to obtain a sufficient viewing angle while using a highly directional backlight. Confirmed.

In addition, almost the same characteristics could be obtained also with respect to the luminance angle distribution in the vertical direction. As shown in Table 5, the front luminance was lowered as the concentration of the added organic dye increased. If the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source is 0.062 or less, front luminance and luminance angle distribution width of about the same or better (better) than those of the conventional liquid crystal panel with the viewing angle compensation film can be obtained. .

EXAMPLE 3

In the following manner, the colored layer 18 in which the coloring agent was added to the light-transmitting polymer was added to the light diffusion layer of the laminate shown in FIG. 5, that is, the outer side (the observer side) of the scattering layer 16 in which the scattering layer was added to the light-transmitting polymer. The laminated thing was produced. Triacetylcellulose was chosen as the light transmitting polymer.

<Production of Light Diffusion Layer>

First, triacetyl cellulose was dissolved in methylene chloride, and alumina fine particles (average particle size 1.1 mu m) were added thereto and stirred uniformly to prepare Dispersion 1. 10 weight part of alumina microparticles was added with respect to 100 weight part of triacetyl cellulose. Dispersion 1 was able to obtain a desired film thickness, while adjusting the concentration of methylene chloride appropriately for easy application.

On the other hand, triacetyl cellulose and red, blue and yellow organic pigments were dissolved in methylene chloride and stirred uniformly to prepare Solution 1. Red, blue, and yellow organic pigments were added so as to have a concentration (mass%) shown in Table 6 below with respect to triacetyl cellulose. Solution 1 adjusted methylene chloride concentration suitably, while being able to obtain desired predetermined thickness and to apply easily.

The said dispersion liquid 1 was apply | coated to the transparent protective layer prepared by the method similar to Example 1, and the scattering layer 16 of thickness about 30 micrometers was obtained. Furthermore, the said solution 1 was apply | coated on the scattering layer 16, and the colored layer 18 of thickness about 30 micrometers was formed, and the light-diffusion layers 31-34 were obtained.

<Measurement of Internal Absorbance, Internal Attenuation and Internal Transmittance>

For the measurement of the internal absorbance, the internal attenuation, and the internal transmittance, a film (samples 31 to 34 for measurement) having the same composition as the colored layer 18 was produced. The method for producing the samples 31 to 34 for measurement corresponds to the method for producing the samples 11 to 14 for measurement in Example 1. FIG. The film thickness was about 30 micrometers. This film was measured for internal absorbance, internal attenuation, and internal transmittance using a commercially available spectrophotometer.

Moreover, the film only of the polymer which did not add the pigment | dye was produced. The above-mentioned film was measured based on the value measured using this, and the internal absorbance and the internal transmittance except the loss by surface reflection were measured. The results are shown in Table 6.

<Evaluation of haze>

In order to evaluate the haze of the light-diffusion layer, the film (sample for haze measurement) of the composition equivalent to the scattering layer 16 of the said Example 3 was produced. The production method of the haze measurement sample follows the production method of the haze measurement sample in Example 1.

The produced haze measurement sample was measured by the haze meter (Japan Color Industry Co., Ltd., NDH2000), and haze was about 92%.

<Evaluation of whitening of screen>

The light-scattering layers 31 to 34 were applied to the transmissive liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIG. 7 to evaluate the light diffusing layer. The liquid crystal panel used VA type, and used as a backlight the cold cathode tube whose main wavelength is about 435 nm, about 545 nm, and about 615 nm. In addition, the whiteness of the screen was evaluated by illuminating the front tilt of the screen from about 45 degrees with a fluorescent lamp so as to be approximately 100 lx, which is the illuminance of general living degree. At the time of evaluation, the screen was made into black display.

As a result, whitening was reduced for the sample with a high internal absorbance. If the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source is 0.014, it is practical, and if it is 0.029 or more, the whitening is hardly seen. In particular, the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source is 0.056 or more. In (33) and the sample 34, favorable black color was displayed.

<Measurement of Luminance Angle Distribution>

With respect to the transmissive liquid crystal display device used for the evaluation of whitening of the screen, the angle distribution in the horizontal direction of the front luminance and luminance was measured using a luminance meter (Topcon, BM-7 FAST). The measurement made the screen a white display. As for the angle distribution of the brightness | luminance before entering into the liquid crystal panel of the used backlight (before entering into the transparent protective layer 26 of FIG. 7), half value width was about 30 degree | times. As a result of the light from this backlight passing through the liquid crystal panel and diffused in the light diffusing layer on the front surface, the half width was about 70 degrees in any of the light diffusing layers.

The screen of a conventional liquid crystal panel with a viewing angle compensation film has a half width of the luminance angle distribution of about 70 degrees, and it has been confirmed that it has an angle distribution width of luminance necessary to obtain a sufficient viewing angle while using a highly directional backlight.

As shown in Table 7, the front luminance was lowered as the concentration of the added organic dye increased. When the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source is 0.062 or less, the front luminance and luminance angle distribution width of about the same or better (better) than the screen of the conventional liquid crystal panel with the viewing angle compensation film can be obtained.

As described above, according to Examples 1 to 3, despite the configuration in which the viewing angle compensation film was not used, the viewing angle almost equivalent to the screen of the conventional liquid crystal panel having the viewing angle compensation film shown in FIG. 10 was obtained.

Further, according to Examples 1 to 3, whitening is satisfactorily reduced by forming a light diffusing layer whose internal absorbance at the main wavelength of light generated from the backlight light source is in the range of about 0.062 or less. It was possible to obtain a liquid crystal display having a front luminance and a luminance angle distribution width of about the same (or better) as that of a screen of a conventional liquid crystal panel having a viewing angle compensation film. In particular, favorable characteristics were obtained for the internal absorbance in the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight light source in the range of 0.028 to 0.062.

Moreover, about the liquid crystal display provided with the light-diffusion layer of Examples 1-3, the blur of the image by a light-diffusion layer hardly generate | occur | produced.

In addition, adding a coloring agent to the light-diffusion layer of the conventional transmissive liquid crystal display device was not performed. This is because it was not supposed to use a coloring agent for the prevention of the contrast fall by external light originally, and there exists a possibility that the coloring agent absorbs the light in a backlight and calls for the remarkable fall of the brightness, and the coloring agent dares actively. It is assumed that there was no reason to add. However, as shown in the results of Examples 1 to 3, even if the colorant is added, the same brightness as that of the conventional liquid crystal display device is raised, and the decrease in contrast due to external light is suppressed.

EXAMPLE 4

<Production of Light Diffusion Layer>

In the following manner, light diffusion layers 41 to 45 were produced.

First, similarly to Example 1, a transparent protective layer was prepared.

On the other hand, CIPigment Red 48: 3 (Sanyo Dyestuff Co., Ltd.), CIPigment Blue 15: 1 (Copper Compound) (Sanyo Dyestuff Co., Ltd.), CI as polymethyl methacrylate, red, blue and yellow organic pigment in ethyl acetate, respectively. Pigment Yellow 14 (Sanyo Dyestuff Co., Ltd.) was added, the alumina microparticles (average particle diameter 1.1 micrometer) were added, it stirred uniformly, and the dispersion liquid was prepared.

In addition, red, blue, and yellow organic pigment was added so that it might become concentration (mass%) in Table 8 below with respect to polymethyl methacrylate. In addition, the alumina microparticles | fine-particles were added so that it might become 5 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of polymethyl methacrylates.

The said dispersion liquid adjusted the ethyl acetate concentration suitably, while being able to obtain the light-diffusion layer of desired predetermined thickness, and being easy to apply | coat. This dispersion was apply | coated to the said transparent protective layer, and the light-diffusion layers 41-45 of thickness about 30 micrometers were obtained.

<Measurement of Internal Absorbance, Internal Attenuation and Internal Transmittance>

For the measurement of the internal absorbance, the internal attenuation rate and the internal transmittance, a film (samples for measurement 41 to 45) having a composition in which only alumina fine particles were removed from the light diffusion layer having the composition described above was produced. The manufacturing method of the measurement samples 41-45 follows the manufacturing method of the measurement samples 11-14 in Example 1. The absorbance, the internal attenuation, and the internal transmittance of such a film were measured using a commercially available spectrophotometer.

Moreover, the polymer film of the composition except the alumina microparticles and organic pigment | dye was produced from the said composition. The above-mentioned film was measured based on the value measured using this, and the internal absorbance, the internal attenuation rate, and the internal transmittance except the loss by surface reflection were measured. The results are shown in Table 8.

<Evaluation of haze>

In order to evaluate the haze of a light-diffusion layer, only the alumina microparticles | fine-particles (average particle diameter: 1.1 micrometers) of the same density | concentration were added, without adding an organic pigment | dye, and the film thickness about 30 micrometers produced the polymer film (a sample for haze measurement). The production method of the haze measurement sample follows the production method of the haze measurement sample in Example 1.

The produced haze measurement sample was measured with the haze meter (Japan Color Industry Co., Ltd., NDH2000), and haze was about 77%.

<Evaluation of whitening of screen>

The light-scattering layers 41 to 45 were provided to the transmissive liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIG. 7 to evaluate the light diffusing layer. The liquid crystal panel used an IPS type and used as a backlight the cold cathode tube whose main wavelength is about 435 nm, about 545 nm, and about 615 nm. In addition, the whiteness of the screen was evaluated by illuminating with a fluorescent lamp from an angle of 45 degrees in front of the screen so as to be approximately 100 lx, which is the illuminance of general life. At the time of evaluation, the screen was made into black display.

As a result, whitening was reduced for the sample with a high internal absorbance. If the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source is 0.014, it is practical, and if it is 0.020 or more, whitening is hardly seen. In particular, the internal absorbance at the main wavelength of the light generated from the backlight light source is 0.029. In the above samples 43 and 45, good black color was displayed.

<Measurement of Luminance Angle Distribution>

About the transmission type liquid crystal display element used for evaluation of the whitening of the said screen, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the luminance angle distribution. In addition, the samples 41 and 42 for luminance angle distribution measurement as the light-diffusion layer used for the measurement of the luminance angle distribution add an organic pigment of the amount shown to the sample 43 of Table 8, and alumina fine particles are added. It is added so as to be 5 parts by weight or 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of polymethyl methacrylate.

The half-width was about 47 degrees in the luminance angle distribution before injecting into the liquid crystal panel of the used backlight (it corresponds before injecting into the transparent protective layer 26 of FIG. 7). As a result of the light from this backlight passing through the liquid crystal panel and diffused in the light diffusing layer on the front surface, the half width was about 70 degrees or more in any of the light diffusing layers as shown in Table 9.

The screen of a conventional liquid crystal panel with a viewing angle compensation film has a half-width of about 70 degrees of luminance angle distribution, and when using a backlight having a half-width of 47 degrees of luminance angle distribution, the sample 41 for luminance angle distribution measurement, It was confirmed that it had an angular distribution width of luminance necessary to obtain sufficient viewing angle.

According to Example 4, when the backlight having a half-value width of about 47 degrees in the luminance angle distribution was used, the light diffusing layer having an internal absorbance at the main wavelength of light generated from the backlight light source was in a range of about 0.020 or more. As a result, whitening was satisfactorily reduced, while the viewing angle was sufficiently spread, and the half width of the luminance became about 70 degrees or more. In particular, favorable characteristics were obtained for the internal absorbance in the main wavelength of the light emitted from the backlight light source in the range of 0.029 or more.

In addition, about the liquid crystal display provided with the light-diffusion layer of Example 4, the blur of an image by a light-diffusion layer hardly generate | occur | produced.

EXAMPLE 5

<Production of Light Diffusion Layers as Protective Layers>

By the following method, the light-diffusion layer 51 which also served as the protective layer was produced.

In ethyl acetate, polymethyl methacrylate and red, blue, and yellow organic pigments were added in the same manner as in Example 4, and alumina fine particles (average particle size: 1.1 mu m) were added and stirred uniformly to prepare a dispersion.

In addition, the alumina microparticles | fine-particles were added so that it may be 20 weight part with respect to 100 weight part of polymethyl methacrylates. In addition, red, blue, and yellow organic pigments include CIPigment Red 48: 3 (Sanyo Dyestuff Co., Ltd.), CIPigment Blue 15: 1 (Copper Compound) (Sanyo Dyestuff Co., Ltd.), CIPigment Yellow 14 (Sanyo Dyestuff Co., Ltd.). ) Was used. Red, blue, and yellow organic pigments were added so that 0.392 weight part, 0.072 weight part, and 0.120 weight part respectively with respect to 100 weight part of polymethylmethacrylates.

This dispersion was applied onto a stainless substrate having a flat surface, the solvent was substantially dried to form a film sample, and the obtained film sample was pulverized and dried under reduced pressure. The obtained sample was mixed with 3 times the amount of polymethylmethacrylate pellets and kneaded using a twin screw extruder at 230 ° C., and then extruded into a film using a single screw extruder at 270 ° C. and wound up in a roll. As mentioned above, the light-diffusion layer 51 which also served as the protective layer was produced.

The light diffusing layer 51 serving as the protective layer of Example 5 is the same as the light diffusing layer 42 of Example 4 since the light diffusing layer 42 of Example 4 is the same as the organic dye concentration and the amount of addition of the alumina fine particles, respectively. You can think that the effects will be the main one.

[Example 6]

<Production of Light Diffusion Layers as Adhesive Layers>

By the following method, the light-diffusion layer 61 which doubled as the adhesive layer was produced.

Butyl acrylate: Acrylic acid: 2-hydroxy ethyl acrylate = 100: 5: 0.1 (weight ratio) The weight average molecular weight of about 100,000 acrylic polymer is dissolved in ethyl acetate, and the copolymer concentration is about 30 weight % Solution was adjusted. To the acrylic polymer solution, 4 parts by weight and additives (KBM403, manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) were added to 100 parts by weight of Kolonate L polymer solids of Japan Polyurethane, an isocyanate polyfunctional compound (polyfunctional isocyanate compound). 0.5 weight part and 5 weight part of alumina microparticles (average particle diameter 1.1 micrometer), and the organic pigment of red, blue, and yellow were added, and the adhesive solution was prepared.

As red, blue and yellow organic pigments, CIPigment Red 48: 3 (Sanyo Dyestuff Co., Ltd.), CIPigment Blue 15: 1 (copper compound) (Sanyo Dyestuff Co., Ltd.), and CIPigment Yellow 14 (Sanyo Dyestuff Co., Ltd.) are used, respectively. It was. In addition, red, blue and yellow organic pigments were added so as to be 0.098 parts by weight, 0.018 parts by weight and 0.030 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the copolymer, respectively.

After adding a solvent for adjusting the viscosity (ethyl acetate) and applying the pressure-sensitive adhesive solution on a release film (polyethylene terephthalate base: diamond foil MRF38, Mitsubishi chemical polyester product) so that the thickness after drying is 25 µm, It dried with the hot-air circulation type oven, and formed the adhesive layer containing a scatterer and a coloring agent. The polarizing film 28 and the outer transparent protective layer 26 were stuck together and bonded using this adhesive layer.

The light-diffusion layer 61 serving as the adhesion layer of Example 6 is the same as the light-diffusion layer 42 of Example 4 since the light-diffusion layer 42 of Example 4 is the same as the organic dye concentration and the amount of addition of the alumina fine particles, respectively. We can think that effect is main.

The disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2009-138442, filed on June 9, 2009, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

All documents, patent applications, and technical specifications described herein are to the same extent as if the individual documents, patent applications, and technical specifications were specifically and individually recorded by reference, and by reference herein. It is accepted.

Claims (6)

At least,
Backlight source,
Light control means for controlling directivity of light generated by the backlight light source;
A light diffusing layer comprising a transmissive liquid crystal cell, a light-transmitting polymer, a scatterer, and a coloring material sequentially from the side close to the light control means.
Transmissive liquid crystal display device comprising a.
The method of claim 1,
The light diffusion layer,
A transmissive liquid crystal display device having an internal absorbance of 0.014 or more at a main wavelength of light generated from the backlight light source.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The light diffusion layer has a transmissive liquid crystal display device having an internal absorbance of 0.020 or more at a main wavelength of light generated from the backlight light source.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The light diffusing layer has a transmissive liquid crystal display device having an internal absorbance of at least 0.028 to not more than 0.062 at a main wavelength of light generated from the backlight light source.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
A transmissive liquid crystal display device having a high concentration of the scatterer in the light diffusion layer on the side of the liquid crystal cell with respect to a film thickness direction of the light diffusion layer.
The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
The light diffusion layer,
A transmissive liquid crystal display device which is a laminate of a scattering layer in which the scatterers are dispersed in the light transmitting polymer, and a colored layer containing the light transmitting polymer and the colorant.

Images