201115208 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於液晶顯示裝置中液晶分子的配向控制技術。 【先前技術】 作為製造液晶顯示裝置的要素技術之一係具有配向控制技術。以往， 作為達成較高預傾角之技術，已知有例如日本專利特開平6_95115號公報 (專利文獻1)所揭示者。惟，在使用專利文獻〗所揭示之技術的情況下， 一般認為雖能獲得所要之〇。〜9〇。的預傾角，但在以下方面還存在尚待改進 的餘地.由於係使用非等向性（異方性）乾式敍刻（anis〇tr〇py办贫也㈣) 等，製程繁複故耗費加工費，同時需要多量材料（粒子、樹脂等）而耗費 材料費。另外，據專利文獻1所述，其利用形成為尖銳狀的突起體或針狀 體所產生的形狀作用來進行配向控制，但突起體等係較為細微的部件，亦 被s忍為是難以高精度地控制其等之形狀。因此，一般認為難以基於突起體 等的形狀效果，在較廣範圍内控制預傾角。 【先前技術文獻】 【專利文獻1】曰本專利特開平6 — 95115號公報 【發明内容】 【發明所欲解決之課題】 本發明具體方式的目的之一在於提供能夠在較廣範圍内設定液晶分子 的預傾角的新穎技術。 【用以解決課題之裝置】 a本發明之一個方式的液晶顯示裝置包括：（a)將彼此的一面相向配置 的第基板及第二基板；（b)設於所述第一基板之所述一面側的第一配向 限制層’（c)设於所述第二基板之所述一面側的第二配向限制層；以及⑷ °又於所述第一基板與所述第二基板相互之間的液晶層。所述第一配向限制 層或所述第二配向限制層的至少一者具有：（e)配向膜、以及（f)設於所 述配向膜上並與所述液晶層相接的液晶性聚合物膜。 201115208 所述液晶顯示裝置中，係能夠透過受到下側配向_產生的作用而取 得均勻配向的液晶性聚合物層，對與該液晶性聚合物層相接設置之液晶層 的液晶分子能賦倾高的預傾角。並已由本案發明人確認出：配向膜、液 晶性聚合物層皆可較為簡單的裝置、製程來容易地製造，而且通過改 變此時的材料或形成條件即可在較廣範圍内控制預傾角。 所述配向膜較佳為水平配向膜。 所述液晶性聚合物膜較佳為通過光照射使光硬化型液晶性單體膜聚合 的膜。 本發明一個方式的液晶顯示裝置之製造方法包括：（a)第一步驟，在 第一基板的一面上形成第一配向限制層；（b)第二步驟，將所述第一基板 與第二基板配置成使彼此的一面相向；以及第三步驟，在所述第一基 板與所述第二基板之間形成液晶層。所述第一步驟包括：（d)在所述第一 基板的一面上形成配向膜的步驟；（e)在所述配向膜上形成光硬化型液晶 性單體膜的步驟；以及（f)透過對所述光硬化型液晶性單體膜進行光照射 來形成液晶性聚合物膜的步驟。 根據所述製造方法，即可在較廣範圍内設定液晶層中液晶分子的預傾 角並製造液晶顯示裝置。 【實施方式】 以下’參照圖式同時對本發明之實施方式進行說明。 圖1為示意性地表示應用本發明一實施方式液晶顯示元件中的配向限 制層之原理及製造方法的圖（剖面圖）。另外，為了便於說明，省略了表示 剖面之影線（hatching)的描繪。本實施方式中的配向限制層係指可對與其 相接設置之液晶層内的液晶分子配向施予限制力的功能層，其基本構成包 括配向膜與形成於該配向膜上的液晶性聚合物膜。以下，進行更加詳細的 說明。 首先’在玻璃基板等的基板ίο的一面上形成有由聚醯亞胺（polyimide) 等有機高分子膜構成的配向膜12 (圖1 (A))。例如，利用旋轉塗佈（spin coating)等方法在基板1〇的一面上塗佈液狀的配向膜材料，其後實施適當 的熱處理，由此得到配向膜12。本實施方式中，配向膜12係採用將液晶分 201115208 =)尚ί者亦=能夠代_配向處理的二=:g 矽胺犛盔嬙暄v n 用^所明斜向蒸鍍法所形成的氧化 夕、等…機膜。又，還可以在基板1G的—面上言 電極（省略圖示> 1·有透明導電臈等的 其次’在配向膜12上形成光硬化型液晶性單_ 硬化型液晶性單體膜㈣_例如旋轉塗佈等方法形成姻，㈣ =代光魏型液晶性單體膜13中的液晶分子16，在接近配向膜12界面 的區到配向膜12所產生的配向限制力而取得大致均勻的水平配向。 另-方面，如圖1 (C)所示’光硬化型液晶性單體膜13中的液晶分子16 具有下列職愈接近光硬化魏晶性單_ 13與氣相之界面17則愈立 起’即與基板10的-面所形成的角度愈大。為使此趨勢更為顯著，則作為 光硬化型液晶性單體膜13的材料，可選擇在氣相之界面處液晶分子易於垂 直配向的材料。 次之，對光硬化型液晶性單體臈13進行既定條件（照射量、照射時間、 照射次數等）下的光騎，藉此使光硬化魏晶性單_ 13聚合。例如， 在光硬化型液晶性單雜13為紫外線硬化型的情況下，按照適當設定的照 射條件進行料線肺。㈣，在配⑽12上便形錢·聚合物膜^ (圖1 (D))。如圖所示，愈接近與氣相之界面17則液晶分子16愈立起的 配向狀態即被固定下來。包括該液晶性聚合物層14與所述配向膜12在内 便構成配向限制層15。 如此所形成之液晶性聚合物膜14，由於液晶分子16在界面17的附近 以較尚角度立起，故顯示出對與該界面17相接設置之液晶層18内的液晶 分子19賦予較高預傾角的效果。具體上可賦予何種程度的預傾角，根據液 晶性聚合物膜14的形成條件（材料、光照射條件等）雖無法一概而論，但 如後述實施例中所詳示，係可獲得至少1〇度〜6〇度左右的高預傾角。 次之，說明具有本實施方式之配向限制層的液晶顯示裝置（液晶表示 元件）的結構示例。圖2為表示液晶顯示裝置（液晶顯示元件）之結構示 例的示意性剖面圖。圖2中，作為代表例係分別示出了 TN(Twisted Nematic, 201115208 扭轉向列）模式的液晶顯示裝置（圖2 (a))、8爪（sUper Twisted Nematic ’超扭轉向列）模式的液晶顯示裝置（圖2 (B))、〇CB (〇ptically Compensated Bend’光學補償彎曲）模式的液晶顯示裝置（圖2 (c))' 及平行(均勻)排列（Homogeneous)模式的液晶顯示裝置（圖2 (d))的結 構示例。圖2所示之各個結構示例的液晶顯示裝置係如下製造：準備具有 基於上述原理所製造之配向限制層的兩塊基板1〇a、1〇b，將各個基板1〇a、 i〇b的一面相向配置，並在兩者之間形成液晶層18。另外，此處雖省略圖 示，然在各個基板10a、10b的外側適當配置有偏光元件（偏光板）。 圖2 (A)所不之TN模式的液晶顯示裝置備有：具有配向膜12a及液 晶性聚合物膜14a的基板l〇a;具有配向膜i2b及液晶性聚合物膜1北的基 板l〇b，以及形成於各個基板10a、1〇b相互之間的液晶層18。對基板1〇a 的配向膜12a朝圖中的左向實施摩擦配向處理。此外，對基板娜的配向 膜12b則沿與對配向膜12a之摩擦配向處理的方向大致正交的方向實施摩 擦配向處理。液晶層18内的液晶分子在各個液晶性聚合物膜Ma、14b的 界面附近處，便呈分別沿著該配向膜12a、12b之摩擦配向處理的方向的配 向狀態’整體上形成為在基板l〇a與基板1〇b之間扭轉約9〇度的配向狀態。 圖2 (B)所示之STN模式的液晶顯示裝置的基本結構亦與^模式的 液晶顯示裝置相同，故省略對共同部分的詳細說明。於該液晶顯示裝置中， 液晶層18内的液晶分子在與各個液晶性聚合物膜Ma、14b的界面附近處， 係呈分別沿著該配向膜12a、12b之摩擦配向處理的方向的配向狀態，整體 上形成為在基板l〇a與基板10b之間以大於9〇度之角度（例如18〇度〜24〇 度左右）扭轉的配向狀態。 圖2 (C)所示之〇CB模式的液晶顯示裝置的基本結構亦與^模式的 液晶顯示裝置相同，故省略對共同部分的詳細說明。於該液晶顯示裝置中， 各個基板10a、l〇b係配置成與各個配向膜12a、12b之摩擦配向處理的方向 為相同方向（平行(均勻)狀態）。液晶層18内的液晶分子在各個液晶性聚合 物膜14a、14b的界面附近處’係呈分別沿著該配向膜12a、12b之摩擦配向 處理的方向的配向狀態，並且形成為愈#近中央則愈近乎垂直的配向狀 態’整體上形成為在基板1Ga與基板1%之㈣曲成弓形的配向狀態（彎 曲配向狀,4)。另外’ OCB模式中亦有初始配向形成為擴散（sphy)配向 6 201115208 者’此時對液晶層18施加電壓，使之按圖2 (C)所示過渡至彎曲配向。 圖2 (D)所示之平行(均勻)排列模式的液晶顯示裝置的基本結構亦與 式的液晶顯示裝置相同’故省略對共同部分的詳細說明。於該液晶顯 示裝置中’各個基板l〇a、10b係配置成對各個配向膜i2a、12b之摩擦配向 處理的方向成為相反方向（反平行(均勻)狀態）。液晶層18内的液晶分子在 與各個液晶性聚合物膜14a、14b的界面附近處，係呈分別沿著該配向膜 12a、12b之摩擦配向處理的方向的配向狀態，整體上亦形成為與各個基板 l〇a及基板l〇b的一面形成一定角度而取得均勻配向的狀態。 次之’根據圖3，以所述TN模式的液晶顯示裝置為例，詳細說明利用 構成配向限制層之液晶性聚合物膜所達到的光學補償功能。圖3為示意性 地表示TN模式的液晶顯示裝置中的液晶層18、與隔著該液晶層18相向配 置的各個液晶性聚合物膜14a、14b的圖。圖3中示意性地表示各液晶性聚 合物層14a、14b及液晶層18的内部的液晶分子的配向狀態。詳而言之， 圖3 (A)為表示從某方向觀察到的液晶層18等的示意性剖面，圖3 (b) 為表示從與圖3 (A)情況相差90度的方向觀察到的液晶層18等的示意性 剖面。 如各個圖式所示，配置於液晶層18上側的液晶性聚合物層i4a、與配 置於液晶層18下側的液晶性聚合物層i4b，其固有之液晶分子的配向狀態 係各自形成為喷射配向。此種液晶性聚合物層14a、14b尤其在如圖所示之 TN模式的液晶層18中係作為有效的光學補償膜（所謂〇板（〇piate》發 揮功能。惟’本實施方式之液晶性聚合物層14a、14b係與被認為帶來最有 效的光學補償效果之〇板的構造相異。即，液晶性聚合物層Ma之光學軸 與位於液晶性聚合物層14a與液晶層18界面附近之液晶層18内的液晶分 子的配向方向大致平行(均勻）。又，液晶性聚合物層14a中固有之液晶分子 的配向狀態呈近乎垂直狀態的一側係與液晶層18相接。此種結構的液晶性 聚合物層14a係對液晶層18整體中位於該液晶性聚合物層i4a之相反側（靠 近液晶性聚合物層14b之一側）的部分帶來光學補償效果β液晶性聚合物 層14b亦同，即液晶性聚合物層14b係對液晶層18整體中位於該液晶性聚 合物層14b之相反側（靠近液晶性聚合物層14a之一側）的部分帶來光學 補償效果。因此，相較於以往被認為是最合適的0板，本實施方式之液晶201115208 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to an alignment control technique for liquid crystal molecules in a liquid crystal display device. [Prior Art] One of the element technologies for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device is an alignment control technique. In the prior art, a technique disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. Hei 6-95115 (Patent Document 1) is known. However, in the case of using the technique disclosed in the patent document, it is generally considered that the desired defects can be obtained. ~9〇. Pre-dip angle, but there is still room for improvement in the following aspects. Due to the use of non-isotropic (isotropic) dry narration (anis〇tr〇py also (4)), the process is complicated and costs processing costs At the same time, a large amount of materials (particles, resins, etc.) are required and material costs are incurred. Further, according to Patent Document 1, the alignment control is performed by the shape action of the protrusion or the needle formed into a sharp shape, but the relatively fine members such as the protrusions are also difficult to be high. Control the shape of them etc. with precision. Therefore, it is generally considered that it is difficult to control the pretilt angle over a wide range based on the shape effect of the protrusion or the like. [PRIOR ART DOCUMENT] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 6-95115 SUMMARY OF INVENTION [Problem to be Solved by the Invention] One of the objects of a specific aspect of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal that can be set in a wide range. A novel technique for the pretilt angle of molecules. [Device for Solving the Problem] A liquid crystal display device according to one aspect of the present invention includes: (a) a first substrate and a second substrate which are disposed to face each other; and (b) the first substrate is provided a first alignment limiting layer '(c) on one side is disposed on the one side of the second substrate; and (4) is further between the first substrate and the second substrate The liquid crystal layer. At least one of the first alignment limiting layer or the second alignment limiting layer has: (e) an alignment film, and (f) a liquid crystalline polymerization disposed on the alignment film and in contact with the liquid crystal layer Film. In the liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal polymer layer which is uniformly aligned is obtained by the action of the lower alignment, and the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer provided in contact with the liquid crystal polymer layer can be tilted. High pretilt angle. It has been confirmed by the inventors of the present invention that both the alignment film and the liquid crystalline polymer layer can be easily manufactured by a relatively simple apparatus and process, and the pretilt angle can be controlled over a wide range by changing the material or forming conditions at this time. . The alignment film is preferably a horizontal alignment film. The liquid crystalline polymer film is preferably a film obtained by polymerizing a photocurable liquid crystal monomer film by light irradiation. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to one aspect of the present invention includes: (a) a first step of forming a first alignment restricting layer on one side of the first substrate; (b) a second step of: the first substrate and the second substrate The substrates are disposed to face one surface of each other; and in the third step, a liquid crystal layer is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first step includes: (d) a step of forming an alignment film on one side of the first substrate; (e) a step of forming a photo-curable liquid crystal monomer film on the alignment film; and (f) A step of forming a liquid crystalline polymer film by irradiating the photo-curable liquid crystal monomer film with light. According to the manufacturing method, the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer can be set in a wide range and a liquid crystal display device can be manufactured. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a view (cross-sectional view) schematically showing a principle and a manufacturing method of an alignment restricting layer in a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Further, for convenience of explanation, the drawing indicating the hatching of the cross section is omitted. The alignment limiting layer in the present embodiment refers to a functional layer capable of imparting a regulating force to the alignment of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer disposed in contact therewith, and the basic constitution thereof includes an alignment film and a liquid crystalline polymer formed on the alignment film. membrane. The following is a more detailed explanation. First, an alignment film 12 made of an organic polymer film such as polyimide is formed on one surface of a substrate such as a glass substrate (Fig. 1 (A)). For example, a liquid alignment film material is applied onto one surface of the substrate 1 by a method such as spin coating, and then an appropriate heat treatment is performed to obtain an alignment film 12. In the present embodiment, the alignment film 12 is formed by using the liquid crystal portion 201115208 =) or the aligning treatment. Oxidation, etc. Membrane. Further, it is also possible to form a photocurable liquid crystalline single-curing liquid crystal monomer film on the alignment film 12 on the surface of the substrate 1G (not shown) (there is a transparent conductive conductive layer, etc.) For example, a method such as spin coating forms a marriage, and (4) = liquid crystal molecules 16 in the sub-optic Wei-type liquid crystal monomer film 13, and the alignment restriction force generated in the region close to the interface of the alignment film 12 to the alignment film 12 is substantially uniform. In the other aspect, as shown in FIG. 1(C), the liquid crystal molecules 16 in the photo-curable liquid crystal monomer film 13 have the following functions: photo-curing, and the interface between the gas phase and the gas phase 17 The more the angle is formed, the greater the angle formed by the surface of the substrate 10. To make this trend more remarkable, as the material of the photo-curable liquid crystal monomer film 13, liquid crystal at the interface of the gas phase can be selected. A material in which the molecules are easily aligned vertically. Next, the light-hardening type liquid crystal monomer 臈13 is subjected to light riding under predetermined conditions (amount of irradiation, irradiation time, number of irradiations, etc.), thereby hardening the photo-crystalline single _ 13 Polymerization. For example, in the photocurable liquid crystal single impurity 13 is ultraviolet In the case of the chemical type, the feed line lung is carried out according to the appropriately set irradiation conditions. (4) On the distribution (10) 12, the money polymer film (Fig. 1 (D)) is formed. As shown in the figure, the closer to the gas phase The alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules 16 is fixed at the interface 17. The liquid crystal polymer layer 14 and the alignment film 12 constitute the alignment regulating layer 15. The liquid crystalline polymer film 14 thus formed. Since the liquid crystal molecules 16 stand at a relatively high angle in the vicinity of the interface 17, an effect of imparting a high pretilt angle to the liquid crystal molecules 19 in the liquid crystal layer 18 provided in contact with the interface 17 is exhibited. The degree of pretilt angle of the liquid crystal polymer film 14 cannot be generalized according to the formation conditions (material, light irradiation conditions, etc.) of the liquid crystal polymer film 14, but as shown in the later-described embodiment, at least 1 to 6 degrees can be obtained. The high pretilt angle of the liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display element) having the alignment regulating layer of the present embodiment is shown. Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a structural example of the liquid crystal display device (liquid crystal display element). In Fig. 2, a TN (Twisted Nematic, 201115208 twisted nematic) mode liquid crystal display device (Fig. 2 (a)) and an 8-claw (sUper Twisted Nematic 'super twisted nematic) mode are shown as representative examples. Liquid crystal display device (Fig. 2 (B)), 〇CB (〇ptically Compensated Bend' optical display device) liquid crystal display device (Fig. 2 (c))' and parallel (uniform) array (Homogeneous) mode liquid crystal display device (Example of the structure of Fig. 2 (d)). The liquid crystal display device of each structural example shown in Fig. 2 is manufactured by preparing two substrates 1a, 1b, having an alignment restricting layer manufactured based on the above principle, One surface of each of the substrates 1A, i〇b is disposed to face each other, and a liquid crystal layer 18 is formed therebetween. In addition, although the illustration is omitted here, a polarizing element (polarizing plate) is disposed outside the respective substrates 10a and 10b. The liquid crystal display device of the TN mode as shown in Fig. 2 (A) includes a substrate 10a having an alignment film 12a and a liquid crystalline polymer film 14a, and a substrate 10 having an alignment film i2b and a liquid crystal polymer film 1 north. b, and a liquid crystal layer 18 formed between the respective substrates 10a, 1b. The alignment film 12a of the substrate 1A is subjected to a rubbing alignment treatment in the left direction in the drawing. Further, the alignment film 12b of the substrate Na is subjected to a rubbing alignment treatment in a direction substantially orthogonal to the direction of the rubbing alignment treatment of the alignment film 12a. The alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 18 in the vicinity of the interface of the respective liquid crystalline polymer films Ma and 14b in the direction of the rubbing alignment treatment of the alignment films 12a and 12b is formed as a whole on the substrate 1. 〇a is twisted with the substrate 1〇b by an alignment state of about 9 degrees. The basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the STN mode shown in Fig. 2(B) is also the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of the mode, and the detailed description of the common portions will be omitted. In the liquid crystal display device, liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 18 are in an alignment state in the direction of the rubbing alignment treatment of the alignment films 12a and 12b in the vicinity of the interface with each of the liquid crystal polymer films Ma and 14b. The whole is formed in an alignment state in which the substrate 10a and the substrate 10b are twisted at an angle of more than 9 degrees (for example, about 18 to 24 degrees). The basic configuration of the 〇CB mode liquid crystal display device shown in Fig. 2(C) is also the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of the CMOS mode, and a detailed description of the common portions will be omitted. In the liquid crystal display device, each of the substrates 10a and 10b is disposed in the same direction (parallel (uniform) state) as the direction of the rubbing alignment treatment of each of the alignment films 12a and 12b. The liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 18 are disposed in the vicinity of the interface of the respective liquid crystalline polymer films 14a and 14b in the direction of the rubbing alignment treatment of the alignment films 12a and 12b, respectively, and are formed in the vicinity of the center. Then, the more nearly perpendicular alignment state is formed as an alignment state (bending alignment, 4) in which the substrate 1Ga and the substrate 1% are curved. Further, in the OCB mode, the initial alignment is also formed into a sphy alignment. In this case, a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer 18 to transition to the curved alignment as shown in Fig. 2(C). The basic configuration of the liquid crystal display device of the parallel (uniform) arrangement mode shown in Fig. 2 (D) is also the same as that of the liquid crystal display device of the type. Therefore, the detailed description of the common portions will be omitted. In the liquid crystal display device, the respective substrates 10a and 10b are arranged such that the direction of the rubbing alignment treatment of the respective alignment films i2a and 12b is opposite (anti-parallel (uniform) state). The liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 18 are in an alignment state in the direction of the rubbing alignment treatment of the alignment films 12a and 12b in the vicinity of the interface with each of the liquid crystal polymer films 14a and 14b, and are formed integrally as a whole. One surface of each of the substrate 10a and the substrate 10b is formed at a constant angle to obtain a uniform alignment state. Next, the optical compensation function achieved by the liquid crystal polymer film constituting the alignment regulating layer will be described in detail with reference to Fig. 3, taking the liquid crystal display device of the TN mode as an example. Fig. 3 is a view schematically showing a liquid crystal layer 18 in a TN mode liquid crystal display device and respective liquid crystal polymer films 14a and 14b disposed to face each other across the liquid crystal layer 18. Fig. 3 schematically shows the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal polymer layers 14a and 14b and the liquid crystal layer 18. In detail, Fig. 3(A) is a schematic cross section showing the liquid crystal layer 18 and the like observed from a certain direction, and Fig. 3(b) is a view showing a direction which is 90 degrees out of the case of Fig. 3(A). A schematic cross section of the liquid crystal layer 18 or the like. As shown in the respective drawings, the liquid crystalline polymer layer i4a disposed on the upper side of the liquid crystal layer 18 and the liquid crystalline polymer layer i4b disposed on the lower side of the liquid crystal layer 18 have their respective alignment states of liquid crystal molecules formed into jets. Orientation. Such liquid crystalline polymer layers 14a and 14b function as an effective optical compensation film (so-called 〇 ate 尤其 尤其 尤其 尤其 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 The polymer layers 14a, 14b are different from the structure of the ruthenium plate which is considered to provide the most effective optical compensation effect. That is, the optical axis of the liquid crystalline polymer layer Ma and the interface between the liquid crystalline polymer layer 14a and the liquid crystal layer 18 The alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer 18 in the vicinity is substantially parallel (uniform). Further, the side in which the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules inherent in the liquid crystal polymer layer 14a is in a nearly vertical state is in contact with the liquid crystal layer 18. The liquid crystal polymer layer 14a of the structure is provided with an optical compensation effect on the portion of the liquid crystal layer 18 which is located on the opposite side of the liquid crystal polymer layer i4a (near one side of the liquid crystal polymer layer 14b). Similarly, the liquid crystal polymer layer 14b imparts optical compensation to the portion of the liquid crystal layer 18 on the opposite side of the liquid crystal polymer layer 14b (near one side of the liquid crystal polymer layer 14a). Therefore, compared to the conventionally it is considered the most appropriate 0 plate, the liquid crystal mode of the present embodiment
S 7 201115208 性聚合物層14a、l4b難生的光學補償效果未吨大。然而，備有本實施 方式之液aa性聚合物層14a、14b的液晶顯示裝置與不具有光學補償膜的液 晶顯示裝置相比，至少其視覺特性較為優良。 根據以上所示之本實施方式，即可在較廣範圍内設定預傾角來製得液 b曰顯示裝置。藉由採用本實施方式之配向限制層，除圖2所示之各個結構 示例之外，亦可容純達成全新的顯示模式等、需要較高預傾角之顯示模 式的液晶顯示裝置。 又，根據本實施方式，也能夠利用作為配向限制層之要素而設於基板 上的液晶性聚合物層來獲得光學補償功能。由此，比起另外設置用以獲得 光學補償功能的板，其具有能夠簡化液晶顯示裝置之結構的優點。 下面’說明本實施方式的幾個實施例。 〈實施例1〉 準備形成有由ITO (銦錫氧化物）膜構成的透明電極的一對玻璃基板。 ΠΌ膜的厚度為15〇()A (埃）、玻璃基板的板厚為G 7mm、玻璃材質為無驗 玻璃。清洗此等玻璃基板，接著透過一般的光微影（ph〇t〇lith〇graphy)步驟 將ITO麵案加J1成既定形狀。此處，ITO臈_刻方法係採舰式侧 (氯化鐵（Iron (III) chloride ))。 其次，在玻璃基板上形成配向膜。此處，配向膜係採用一般的水平配 向膜。將配向膜材料塗佈於玻璃基板上係透過旋轉塗佈法來進行。詳而言 之，係以2000rpm實施旋轉塗佈5秒，其後以4〇〇〇rpm實施旋轉塗佈1〇秒。 另外，亦可採用彈性凸版印刷（flex〇graphy)或喷墨印刷恤⑻等方法。 其後，以潔淨烘箱（deanoven)對塗佈於玻璃基板上的配向膜進行25〇<t、 1小時的熱處理。 Μ次之，對配向膜進行摩擦配向處理。「摩擦配向」係指：使捲繞有布的 圓筒狀滾筒高速旋轉’並利用該滾筒擦拭配向獏的處理。通過進行該摩擦 配向處理，配向膜即具有使與其相接之液晶分子沿單一方向排列（配向） 的效果。於此’將兩塊基板相向配置時，使進行摩擦配向的方向成為互不 相同的狀態（反平行(均勻)狀態）來進行處理。 接著，在配向膜上塗佈紫外線硬化型液晶性單體材料來形成液晶性單 體獏（光硬化型液晶性單體膜）。於此實施旋轉塗佈（2000rpm、25秒）。僅 201115208 以一定時間放置該液晶性單體膜後對其整面照射紫外線，由此將液晶性單 體膜轉換為液晶性聚合物膜^紫外線的照射係於空氣大氣環境下進行。 然後，將兩塊玻璃基板於既定位置處重合，並使用環氧樹脂固定來液 曰曰胞化（cell)。於本實施例中’配置兩塊玻璃基板以獲得所述圖2 (D)所 不之平行(均勻)排列模式的液晶顯示裝置。將2 5 μιη厚之M YL AR聚酯薄暝 (商品名）作為間隔物（spacer)插入於兩塊玻璃基板之間。其後，透過利 用毛細現象的注入法向兩塊玻璃基板的間隙注入液晶材料，由此液晶層便 形成於兩塊玻璃基板之間。液晶材料係採用一般向列型液晶材料，即5CB。 本實施例中，分別將塗佈液晶性單體膜後的放置時間、光照射量作為 參數’研究這些參數與由液晶性聚合物層所賦予之預傾角的關係。以下將 詳述這些結果。 圖4為表示塗佈液晶性單體膜後的放置時間與預傾角的關係的圖。另 外，將放置時間適當設定為丨分鐘〜3〇分鐘，紫外線照射量則固定為 5000mJ/cm2的條件。如圖4所示得知，任一放置時間皆可獲得7。〜1〇。左右 之較高的預傾角。又，並未觀察到所得之預傾触放置時間有較大的相依 !生。如此般相對於放置時間的彈性裕度（margin)較大係非常有利於製造。 圖5為表示光照射量與預傾角的關係的圖。另外，將紫外線的照射量 適當設定為麵mJ/cm2〜5000mJ/cm2之間’放置時間則固定為！分鐘。如 圖5所示，觀察到預傾角與光照射量有較大的相依性，光照射量愈少則預 傾角愈高的趨勢。由圖5可知，到大約3500mJ/cm2為止的範圍内，預傾角 係，50。〜60。左右連續（大致線性）變化至1〇。左右。由此可知，對應光照 射量即可在較廣細啸制麵肖。光縣量可透過難絲射裝置的設 定來輕易地改變，故其可謂製造上易於管理之參數。 此，’在圖4、圖5的任-者中，誤差槓（eiT〇r㈣係表示評估多個 樣品（每4個液晶胞）之際的誤差（變動），而該誤差具有麵角愈低則愈 小的趨勢。該趨勢與-般配向膜中之預傾角的誤差趨勢類似。，准，即使^ 50°〜60。甚高的預傾角中誤差仍為±5。左右，得知能夠達成較紐異的配向 控制。又’本實施例之液晶顯示裝置的配向狀態穩定，在電性光學特性中 並未觀察到磁滯（hysteresis)等且目視觀察時亦未觀察到顯示不 〈實施例2〉 201115208 準備开>成有由ITO (銦錫氧化物）膜構成的透明電極的一對玻璃基板。 ITO膜的厚度為测A (埃）、玻璃基板的板厚為〇 7醜、玻璃材質為無鹼 玻璃。清洗此等玻璃基板，接著透過一般的光微影步驟將IT0膜圖案加工 成既定形狀。此處’ ΓΓΟ膜的蝕刻方法係採用溼式蝕刻（氣化鐵）。 其次，在玻璃基板上形成配向膜。此處，配向膜係採用具有賦予較低 預傾角之作用的水平配向膜。將配向膜材料塗佈於玻璃基板上係透過彈性 凸版印刷來進行。其後，以潔淨烘箱對塗佈於玻璃基板上的配向膜進行 220°C、1小時的熱處理。 次之，對配向膜進行摩擦配向處理。於此，將兩塊基板相向配置時， 使進行摩擦配向的方向成為互不相同的狀態（反平行(均勻)狀態）來進行處 理。 接著，在配向膜上利用旋轉塗佈來塗佈紫外線硬化型液晶性單體材 料，以形成液晶性單體膜（光硬化型液晶性單體膜）。此處係採用與所述實 施例1相異之材料。旋轉塗佈的條件為將轉速可變地設定於1000ipm〜 3000rpm之間且將時間設定為30秒。僅以一定時間（本實施例中皆為1分 鐘）放置該液晶性單體膜後對其整面照射紫外線，由此將液晶性單體膜轉 換為液晶性聚合物膜。光照射量係設為8400mJ/cm2 (照射照度為70W/cm2 的紫外線2分鐘）。又，本實施例中的紫外線照射係於空氣大氣環境中或氮 氣環境中的任一者實施。在紫外線硬化型液晶性單體材料當中，亦存在於 空氣中（具有氧氣之狀態）難以進行聚合的物質。在此種材料中，即便於 空氧中照射充分的紫外線，空氣界面處的膜有時仍未完全固化而處於黏稠 狀具有黏著性的表面狀態。本實施例中所採用之材料為在空氣中亦會進行 反應者’惟仍需根據材料而注意紫外線照射時的環境。 接著’將兩塊玻璃基板於既定位置處重合來液晶胞化。於本實施例中， 同樣配置兩塊玻璃基板以獲得所述圖2 (D)所示之平行(均勻)排列模式的 液晶顯示裝置。詳而言之，係利用乾式散佈法在兩塊玻璃基板中的一塊玻 璃基板的一面上散佈間隙控制材。間隙控制材係採用粒徑為6μιη之塑膠珠 (plastic ball)(微小珠（micropearl)) ’ 然亦可採用 Shinshikyu (商品名， 玻璃珠）。又，在另一塊玻璃基板的一面上形成主密封圖案（及導通材圖 案）。此處係採用網版印刷法（screen priming)，然亦可採用分配器（dkpenser ) 201115208 等。密封劑係採用熱固性密封劑，然亦可為光硬化性密封劑或光熱併用型 密封劑。在該密封劑中混入有數個％之粒徑為6μιη的玻璃纖維（giass fiber)。此外’將含有金珠（Auball)等的導通材印刷於既定位置處。此處 將在密封劑中混入有數個％之所述玻璃纖維、與粒徑比該玻璃纖維之粒徑約 大Ιμηι的金珠的物質作為導通材來進行網版印刷。其後，將兩塊玻璃基板 重合以液晶胞化，並在沖壓狀態下透過熱處理使密封劑硬化。此處係以熱 壓法（hotpress)來進行熱硬化（i5〇°c煅燒）。 其後，利用真空注入法向兩塊玻璃基板的間隙中注入液晶材料，由此 液晶層便形成於兩塊玻璃基板間。液晶材料係採用一般的向列型液晶材 料。注入液晶材料後，便使用末端密封劑將注入口封住。又，為使配向狀 態整齊而將液晶胞加熱至液晶材料的㈣移溫度（細6論_ temperature)以上，此處係以烘箱進行12〇t、3〇分鐘的熱處理。另外在 各玻璃基板的外側，以既定角度貼合有預先裁切成既定大小的偏光板。 對如此所製作之液晶顯示元件進行電性光學特性及預傾角的測定、顯 微鏡觀察。預傾角係於2Gmmx25mm的範圍内每9個點進 如以下所示。 [樣品1] 旋轉塗佈時之轉速：lOOOrpm (膜厚95〇〇a) 光照射時：氮氣環境 〜預傾角 37.7。（35.5。〜40.7。） [樣品2] 旋轉塗佈時之轉速：l〇〇〇rpm (膜厚95〇〇人） 光照射時：空氣大氣環境 預傾角 40.4。（37.5。〜43.4。） [樣品3] 旋轉塗佈時之轉速：2000rpm (膜厚7500入） 光照射時：空氣大氣環境 —預傾角 31.7。（29.4。〜34.2。） [樣品4] 旋轉塗佈時之轉速：3000rpm (膜厚5〇〇〇A) 201115208 光照射時：氮氣環境 —預傾角 22.8。（22.0。〜23 7。） [樣品5] 旋轉塗佈時之轉速：3〇〇〇rpm (膜厚5〇〇〇 A) 光照射時.空氣大氣環境 —預傾角 26.8。（24.9。〜28.5。） ㈣果可知，藉由採賴實施例1減之料線硬化型液晶性單 曰；/、的液晶性聚合物層，亦可積極地控制預傾角。即，確認出液 =性聚合鬚對删肖_雜_秘限於狀料_化魏晶性單 體材料的現象。又，本實躺讀晶齡裝置的配向雜敎，在電性光 學特性中並f觀察到磁料且目視觀察時亦未觀察聰科均。關於紫外 線…、射時的環;1¾ ’空氣大氣環境與氮氣環境並未觀察到較大的差異。惟， 就預傾角的誤差而言’可觀察缝氣環境中略小的趨勢。即，在氮氣環境 中進行紫外線照射較有可能能夠抑制預傾角的誤差。 〈變化之實施方式等〉 尚且，本發明並非限定於上述實施方式及各個實施例的内容，可在本 發明之思a的le«圍内進行各種變化並加以實施。例如，在上述說明中適當 示出的製造條件等的數値僅為一例，並非用來限定本案。又，於上述液晶 顯示裝置中，對第一基板、第二基板分別設置具有配向膜與液晶性聚合物 膜的配向限制層，惟在採用僅其中一塊基板需要高預傾角之顯示模式的液 晶顯示裝置等中，僅對其中一塊基板設置上述配向限制層即可。此外，上 述說明中，作為構成配向限制層之配向膜的一例係示出了水平配向膜，惟 配向膜亦可採用垂直配向膜。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為示意性地表示一實施方式之液晶表示元件中配向限制層的原理 及製造方法的圖（剖面圖）； 圖2為表示具有實施方式相關之配向限制層之液晶顯示裝置的結構示 例的示意性剖面圖；其中（A)為TN模式的液晶顯示裝置、（B)為stn 模式的液晶顯示裝置、（C)為OCB模式的液晶顯示裝置、（D)為平行(均 12 201115208 勻)排列模式的液晶顯示裝置； 圖3為說明由構成配向限制層之液晶性聚合物所達到之光學補償功能 的圖；其中（A)為表示從某方向觀察到的液晶層等的示意性剖面、（B)為 表不從與（A)情況相差％度的方向觀察到的液晶層等的示意性剖面； 圖4為表示塗佈液晶性單體膜後的放置時間與預傾角的關係的圖； 以及 圖5為表示光照射量與預傾角的關係的圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 ' 10a ' 10b 基板 12 ' 12a、12b 13 14、14a、14b 15 16 17 18 19 配向膜 光硬化性液晶單體膜 液晶性聚合物臈 配向限制層 液晶分子 界面 液晶層 液晶分子 13The optical compensation effect of S 7 201115208 polymer layer 14a, l4b is not large. However, the liquid crystal display device provided with the liquid aa polymer layers 14a and 14b of the present embodiment is superior in visual characteristics to at least the liquid crystal display device having no optical compensation film. According to the embodiment shown above, the pretilt angle can be set in a wide range to obtain a liquid b 曰 display device. By using the alignment restricting layer of the present embodiment, in addition to the respective structural examples shown in Fig. 2, it is possible to purely realize a liquid crystal display device which requires a display mode of a higher pretilt angle, such as a new display mode. Further, according to the present embodiment, the optical compensation function can be obtained by using the liquid crystalline polymer layer provided on the substrate as an element of the alignment regulating layer. Thereby, it has an advantage that the structure of the liquid crystal display device can be simplified as compared with a board additionally provided for obtaining an optical compensation function. Several embodiments of the present embodiment are described below. <Example 1> A pair of glass substrates on which a transparent electrode made of an ITO (indium tin oxide) film was formed was prepared. The thickness of the ruthenium film is 15 〇 () A (angstrom), the thickness of the glass substrate is G 7 mm, and the glass material is no glass. These glass substrates are cleaned, and then the ITO surface is J1 into a predetermined shape by a general lithography process. Here, the ITO 臈 刻 method is a ship type side (Iron (III) chloride ). Next, an alignment film is formed on the glass substrate. Here, the alignment film is a general horizontal alignment film. The alignment film material is applied onto a glass substrate by a spin coating method. Specifically, spin coating was performed at 2000 rpm for 5 seconds, and then spin coating was performed at 4 rpm for 1 second. Alternatively, a method such as flexography or inkjet printing (8) may be employed. Thereafter, the alignment film coated on the glass substrate was subjected to heat treatment at 25 Torr for 1 hour in a clean oven (deanoven). Next, the alignment film is subjected to rubbing alignment treatment. "Friction alignment" means a process of rotating a cylindrical drum around which a cloth is wound at a high speed and wiping the alignment cymbal by the roller. By performing this rubbing alignment treatment, the alignment film has an effect of aligning (aligning) the liquid crystal molecules that are in contact therewith in a single direction. Here, when the two substrates are arranged to face each other, the directions in which the rubbing alignment is performed are different from each other (an anti-parallel (uniform) state). Next, an ultraviolet curable liquid crystalline monomer material is applied onto the alignment film to form a liquid crystal monomer (photocurable liquid crystal monomer film). Spin coating (2000 rpm, 25 seconds) was carried out here. In the case of the liquid crystal monomer film, the liquid crystal monomer film is irradiated to the liquid crystal polymer film, and the ultraviolet light is irradiated in an air atmosphere. Then, the two glass substrates were superposed at a predetermined position, and were fixed with an epoxy resin to liquid cell. In the present embodiment, two glass substrates are disposed to obtain a liquid crystal display device of the parallel (uniform) arrangement mode as shown in Fig. 2(D). A 2 5 μm thick M YL AR polyester crucible (trade name) was inserted as a spacer between the two glass substrates. Thereafter, a liquid crystal material is injected into the gap between the two glass substrates by an injection method using a capillary phenomenon, whereby the liquid crystal layer is formed between the two glass substrates. The liquid crystal material is a general nematic liquid crystal material, that is, 5CB. In the present Example, the relationship between these parameters and the pretilt angle imparted by the liquid crystalline polymer layer was examined by using the standing time and the amount of light irradiation after applying the liquid crystalline monomer film as parameters. These results are detailed below. 4 is a view showing a relationship between a standing time and a pretilt angle after application of a liquid crystalline monomer film. Further, the setting time was appropriately set to 丨 minute to 3 〇 minutes, and the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount was fixed to 5000 mJ/cm 2 . As shown in FIG. 4, it can be obtained that 7 can be obtained for any placement time. ~1〇. A high pretilt angle to the left and right. Moreover, it has not been observed that the resulting pre-tilt placement time has a large dependence. Such a large margin of elasticity relative to the placement time is very advantageous for manufacturing. Fig. 5 is a view showing the relationship between the amount of light irradiation and the pretilt angle. In addition, the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays is appropriately set to be between mJ/cm2 and 5000 mJ/cm2. minute. As shown in Fig. 5, it is observed that the pretilt angle has a large dependence on the amount of light irradiation, and the smaller the amount of light irradiation, the higher the pretilt angle. As is apparent from Fig. 5, the pretilt angle is 50 in the range of about 3,500 mJ/cm2. ~60. The left and right continuous (substantially linear) changes to 1〇. about. It can be seen that the corresponding amount of illumination can be seen in a wider range of whistling. The amount of light county can be easily changed through the setting of the difficult-to-wire device, so it can be said to be a parameter that is easy to manage in manufacturing. Therefore, in any of FIGS. 4 and 5, the error bar (eiT〇r (four) indicates an error (variation) when evaluating a plurality of samples (every four liquid crystal cells), and the error has a lower face angle. The smaller the trend, the trend is similar to the error trend of the pretilt angle in the general alignment film. Quasi, even if it is 50°~60. The error in the pretilt angle of very high is still ±5. The alignment control of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is stable, and no hysteresis or the like is observed in the electrical optical characteristics, and no display is observed when visually observed. 2> 201115208 Prepare to open a pair of glass substrates with a transparent electrode made of ITO (indium tin oxide) film. The thickness of the ITO film is A (A), the thickness of the glass substrate is 〇7 ug, glass The material is an alkali-free glass. The glass substrate is cleaned, and then the IT0 film pattern is processed into a predetermined shape by a general photolithography step. Here, the etching method of the ruthenium film is wet etching (vaporized iron). Forming an alignment film on the glass substrate. Here, The alignment film is a horizontal alignment film having a function of imparting a low pretilt angle. The alignment film material is applied to the glass substrate by elastic relief printing. Thereafter, the alignment is applied to the glass substrate by a clean oven. The film is subjected to a heat treatment at 220 ° C for 1 hour. Next, the alignment film is subjected to a rubbing alignment treatment. Here, when the two substrates are opposed to each other, the directions in which the rubbing alignment is performed are different from each other (anti-parallel (uniform) Then, the ultraviolet curable liquid crystalline monomer material is applied to the alignment film by spin coating to form a liquid crystalline monomer film (photocurable liquid crystal monomer film). A material different from that of the above Example 1 was used. The conditions of the spin coating were variably set between 1000 pm and 3000 rpm and the time was set to 30 sec. Only for a certain period of time (1 in this example) The liquid crystal monomer film was transferred to a liquid crystal polymer film by placing the liquid crystal monomer film on the entire surface thereof, and the light irradiation amount was set to 8400 mJ/cm 2 (the irradiation illuminance was 70 W/ The ultraviolet ray of cm2 is 2 minutes. Further, the ultraviolet ray irradiation in the present embodiment is carried out in either an air atmosphere or a nitrogen atmosphere. Among the ultraviolet ray-curable liquid crystal monomer materials, it is also present in the air (having In the state of oxygen, it is difficult to carry out polymerization. In such a material, even if sufficient ultraviolet rays are irradiated in the air oxygen, the film at the air interface may not be completely cured and may be in a sticky and adhesive surface state. The materials used in the examples are those that react in the air, but the environment in which the ultraviolet rays are irradiated according to the materials is still required. Next, 'the two glass substrates are overlapped at a predetermined position to liquefy the liquid crystal. In this embodiment Two glass substrates are also disposed to obtain the liquid crystal display device of the parallel (uniform) arrangement pattern shown in FIG. 2(D). Specifically, a gap control material is spread on one side of one of the two glass substrates by a dry dispersion method. The gap control material is a plastic ball (micropearl) having a particle size of 6 μm, but Shinshikyu (trade name, glass beads) can also be used. Further, a main seal pattern (and a conductive material pattern) is formed on one surface of the other glass substrate. Here, screen priming is used, but a dispenser (dkpenser) 201115208 or the like can also be used. The sealant is a thermosetting sealant, but it may be a photocurable sealant or a photothermal sealant. A plurality of % of giass fibers having a particle diameter of 6 μm were mixed in the sealant. Further, a conductive material containing a gold ball or the like is printed at a predetermined position. Here, a screen material in which a plurality of % of the glass fibers and gold beads having a particle diameter larger than the particle diameter of the glass fibers are larger than ημηι is mixed into the sealant is used as a conductive material. Thereafter, the two glass substrates were superposed to form a liquid crystal cell, and the sealant was hardened by heat treatment in a pressed state. Here, thermal hardening (i5 〇 °c calcination) is carried out by hot press. Thereafter, a liquid crystal material is injected into the gap between the two glass substrates by a vacuum injection method, whereby the liquid crystal layer is formed between the two glass substrates. The liquid crystal material is a general nematic liquid crystal material. After injecting the liquid crystal material, the injection port is sealed with an end sealant. Further, in order to make the alignment state uniform and to heat the liquid crystal cell to the (four) transfer temperature (fine) of the liquid crystal material, the heat treatment was carried out in an oven at 12 Torr for 3 Torr. Further, on the outer side of each of the glass substrates, a polarizing plate which is previously cut to a predetermined size is bonded at a predetermined angle. The liquid crystal display element thus produced was subjected to measurement of electrical optical characteristics and pretilt angle, and observation by a microscope. The pretilt angle is in the range of 2 Gmm x 25 mm every 9 points as shown below. [Sample 1] Rotational speed at spin coating: 1000 rpm (film thickness 95 〇〇 a) When irradiated with light: nitrogen atmosphere ~ pretilt angle 37.7. (35.5.~40.7.) [Sample 2] Rotating coating speed: l〇〇〇rpm (film thickness 95〇〇) Light irradiation: air atmosphere Pretilt angle 40.4. (37.5. ~43.4.) [Sample 3] Rotating coating speed: 2000 rpm (film thickness 7500 in) Light irradiation: air atmosphere - pretilt angle 31.7. (29.4.~34.2.) [Sample 4] Rotating coating speed: 3000 rpm (film thickness 5 〇〇〇 A) 201115208 Light irradiation: nitrogen atmosphere - pretilt angle 22.8. (22.0.~23 7.) [Sample 5] Rotating coating speed: 3 rpm (film thickness 5 〇〇〇 A) When light is irradiated. Air atmosphere - pretilt angle 26.8. (24.9. to 28.5.) (4) It is understood that the pretilt angle can be actively controlled by the liquid crystalline polymer layer of the strand-curable liquid crystalline monolayer which is reduced in Example 1. That is, it is confirmed that the liquid-emitting polymerization is limited to the phenomenon of the deuterated material. Further, in the alignment miscellaneous apparatus of the actual reading apparatus, the magnetic material was observed in the electrical optical characteristics, and Congke was not observed when visually observed. Regarding the ultraviolet rays..., the ring at the time of the shot; 13⁄4 'the atmosphere and the nitrogen atmosphere did not observe a large difference. However, in terms of the error of the pretilt angle, a slightly smaller tendency is observed in the gas flow environment. That is, it is more likely that the ultraviolet ray irradiation in the nitrogen atmosphere can suppress the error of the pretilt angle. <Embodiment of Change, etc.> The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the contents of the respective embodiments, and various changes can be made and implemented within the scope of the present invention. For example, the number of manufacturing conditions and the like which are appropriately shown in the above description is only an example, and is not intended to limit the case. Further, in the above liquid crystal display device, an alignment regulating layer having an alignment film and a liquid crystalline polymer film is provided on each of the first substrate and the second substrate, but a liquid crystal display having a display mode in which only one of the substrates requires a high pretilt angle is used. In the device or the like, the above-described alignment restricting layer may be provided only for one of the substrates. Further, in the above description, as an example of the alignment film constituting the alignment regulating layer, a horizontal alignment film is shown, but a vertical alignment film may be used as the alignment film. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view (cross-sectional view) schematically showing a principle and a manufacturing method of an alignment regulating layer in a liquid crystal display element according to an embodiment; FIG. 2 is a view showing a liquid crystal having an alignment limiting layer according to an embodiment. A schematic cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a display device; wherein (A) is a TN mode liquid crystal display device, (B) is a stn mode liquid crystal display device, (C) is an OCB mode liquid crystal display device, and (D) is parallel (all 12 201115208 uniform) liquid crystal display device of the arrangement mode; FIG. 3 is a view for explaining the optical compensation function achieved by the liquid crystalline polymer constituting the alignment regulating layer; wherein (A) is a liquid crystal layer observed from a certain direction (B) is a schematic cross section showing a liquid crystal layer or the like observed from a direction which is different from the case of (A), and FIG. 4 is a view showing a standing time after application of a liquid crystal monomer film. A diagram showing the relationship of the pretilt angle; and FIG. 5 is a view showing the relationship between the amount of light irradiation and the pretilt angle. [Description of main component symbols] 10 ' 10a ' 10b Substrate 12 ' 12a, 12b 13 14 , 14a , 14b 15 16 17 18 19 Alignment film photocurable liquid crystal monomer film liquid crystal polymer 臈 alignment limiting layer liquid crystal molecular interface liquid crystal layer Liquid crystal molecule 13