TW201107822A - Polarization switching element, and projector and television using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

This invention provides a polarization switching element and projector and television using the polarization switching element. The polarization switching element includes at least a pair of transparent substrates which respectively include transparent electrodes on the surfaces thereof, a liquid crystal material disposed between the pair of transparent substrates, a voltage applying means for applying voltage to the liquid crystal material via the pair of transparent electrodes, and a polarization state detecting means provided on the light emission side of the pair of transparent substrates. The voltage to be applied from the voltage applying means to the liquid crystal material is adjusted based on the feedback of a signal from the polarization state detecting means to the voltage applying means.

Description

201107822 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a polarizing switch element, a machine for using the same, and a television, and more particularly to a polarizing switch element using a liquid crystal, using the polarizing switch Component projector and TV. [Prior Art] Previously, liquid crystal cells have been used as display applications by the principle of voltage control of the transmittance of the liquid crystal. On the other hand, as a use other than the display of the liquid crystal element, a polarization switching element that emits light by rotating the polarizing surface of the incident light can be considered (for example, 'refer to the patent document 。). In the case of the polarization switching element, generally, the two polarizations of the linearly polarized light are rotated by 90 C or not, and the two types of polarization states are switched by applying a voltage or the like. As the polarizing switch element, a TN (Twisted Nematic) liquid crystal material is known. Patent Document 1 Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2007-121893 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, for a polarizing switch element using a liquid crystal of the prior art, there is a comparison of responses generated by voltages applied to liquid crystals constituting the polarizing switch element. The problem of instability. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a polarization switching element which can easily realize a stable switching response. Another object of the present invention is to provide a projector and a television using the aforementioned polarizing switch element. 142774.doc 201107822 Technical Solution to Problem As a result of intensive studies by the present inventors, it has been found that the use of information on the polarization state itself in a liquid crystal polarization switch element to apply voltage feedback to the liquid crystal is very effective for achieving the above object. The polarizing switch element of the present invention is based on the above-mentioned knowledge, and more specifically, the polarizing switch element has at least one of: a transparent substrate having one pair of transparent electrodes on each surface; a liquid crystal material between the transparent substrates; a voltage applying mechanism that applies a voltage to the liquid crystal material via the pair of transparent electrodes; and a polarization state detecting mechanism provided on a light emitting side of the pair of transparent substrates; and based on the polarized state The signal from the detecting mechanism feeds back the voltage applying mechanism, and the voltage applied from the voltage applying mechanism to the liquid crystal material is eroded. The present invention encompasses, for example, the following aspects. a π]-type polarization switching element, characterized in that the polarization switching element has at least one of: a pair of transparent electrodes having a transparent electrode on each surface; a liquid crystal material disposed between the pair of transparent substrates; a voltage applying mechanism for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal material by a pair of transparent electrodes; and a polarizing state detecting machine for emitting light on the light emitting side of the transparent substrate, based on feedback from the front mechanism, detecting a state of the polarized light applied by the material The signal of the mechanism is applied to the voltage application to adjust the polarization switching element from the liquid crystal material 142774.doc 201107822 [2] [1], wherein the liquid crystal material is composed of a polarization shielding type lining liquid crystal or a strong medium. Electrical liquid crystal. [3] The polarizing switch element according to [1] or [2], wherein a first polarizing state of light incident from a light incident side of the pair of transparent substrates is changed to the first one by applying a voltage to the liquid crystal material The second polarization state in which the polarization state is different.

[4] The polarizing switch element according to [3], wherein the light of the first polarized state is maintained and output by adjusting an applied voltage to the liquid crystal material. [5] The polarizing switch element according to [3] or [4] wherein the first polarization state is linearly polarized, and the second polarization state is linearly polarized by 90° rotation of the vibration plane of the linearly polarized light. [6] The polarizing switch element according to any one of [1] to [5] wherein the polarization state detecting means includes at least one of a polarizing means and a photodetector for detecting the intensity of light transmitted through the polarizing means. [7] The polarizing switch element according to any one of [1], wherein the voltage applying mechanism includes: a sensor signal detecting mechanism that detects a signal from the polarized state detecting mechanism; and inputs a specified polarized state. a command input mechanism; a control mechanism that determines a voltage applied to the liquid crystal based on a command input by the input unit and a signal detected by the sensor signal detecting mechanism; and based on the control mechanism A voltage output mechanism that applies a voltage to the transparent electrode. L/J polarized switch element L〇J 〇 〇 ^ · ...... heart t is revealed; said that there is a livestock, in the memory mechanism, the memory control program 'maintains and outputs the light of Ken 1 polarized state The control program determines the voltage value applied to the transparent electrode in such a manner as to maximize the signal intensity of the polarization detecting means from the 142774.doc 201107822, and transmits a signal for the electric dust output to the voltage. Output mechanism. [9] A projector comprising at least: a spatial light modulation element for displaying an input image signal, an illumination optical system, an optical single A, and light for passing the optical unit a projector for expanding a projection projection optical system and a spatial light modulation component; a description of the optical unit includes a polarization light-emitting element; and the polarization switch element is a polarization switch element according to any one of [1] to [8], At least: a transparent substrate having a transparent electrode on each surface; a liquid crystal material disposed between the pair of transparent substrates; a voltage applying mechanism for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal material via the pair of transparent electrodes; The polarization state detecting means of the pair of transparent substrates on the light exit side; and the voltage applied from the voltage applying means to the liquid crystal material is adjusted based on feedback of the signal from the polarization state detecting means to the voltage applying means. [1 〇] a television characterized in that it includes at least a display device for displaying an input image signal and a polarization switching element; and the polarization switching element is polarized light of any one of π] to [8] The switching element s has at least: a pair of transparent substrates having transparent electrodes on respective surfaces; a liquid crystal material disposed between the transparent substrates; and a voltage application of a voltage applied to the liquid crystal material by the pair of transparent electrodes And a polarization state detecting mechanism provided on a light exit side of the pair of transparent substrates; and adjusting the voltage application from the voltage application mechanism based on a signal from the polarized state detecting mechanism of 142774.doc 201107822 The voltage applied by the mechanism to the aforementioned liquid crystal material. According to the present invention, there is provided a polarization switching element which can feed back a detection signal to a voltage applying mechanism by detecting a polarization state of light passing through a liquid crystal constituting a polarization switch element, thereby realizing a stable switching response. [Embodiment] (Polarizing Switching Element) The polarizing switch element of the present invention includes at least one transparent substrate having a transparent electrode on each surface thereof, and a liquid crystal material disposed between the pair of transparent substrates. A pair of transparent electrodes apply a voltage applying means for applying electric energy to the liquid crystal material, and a polarizing state detecting means provided on the light emitting side of the transparent substrate. In the present invention, the voltage applied from the liquid crystal material by the voltage applying means is adjusted based on feedback from the voltage applying means from the signal of the polarization detecting means. (extinction ratio) In the present invention, the degree of the "stable switching response" is preferably measured as an extinction ratio, and the extinction ratio is maintained at an optimum state. , means the amount of light transmitted (or the amount of light with the smallest amount of light and the amount of transmitted light (or the amount of reflected light) is the largest.) However, the extincti〇n ratio used here is a specific straight line. When the polarized light is incident on the element, the direction of polarization of the emitted light from the element is 90. The ratio of the intensity of the linearly polarized light of the rotation to the intensity of the linearly polarized light of the specific 142774.doc 201107822. 5 When the extinction ratio decreases, 'the other polarized light exists.' Therefore, the extinction ratio should be maintained as high as possible. (Measurement method of extinction ratio) "The aperture can be measured by the polarization state detecting unit η shown in Fig. 2. Reference; light exiting of the component The polarizing plate is not used. The polarizing plate is used. The polarizing plate (2) that transmits a specific linear polarizer is a linear polarizer that transmits through the grain: a specific linear polarized light. In the light emitted from the component, the intensity of the specific linear polarization can be measured by the light detection. The intensity of the linear polarization of the rotation can be determined by the photodetector 34. Again, the light is calculated by the light detector 34. The intensity of the light measured by the detector 34 (i.e., 9 〇. the intensity of the linear polarized light) is relative to the ratio of the light intensity measured by the photodetector 33 (i.e., the intensity of the specific linear polarized light). The extinction ratio is obtained. (The "extinction ratio" is maintained in a good state.) The signals obtained by illuminating the photodetectors 33 and 34 are constantly monitored by a voltage control unit or the like described later, and are calculated based on the obtained signals. The extinction ratio is maintained above a certain value, and a voltage is applied to the element in this manner, and the extinction ratio can always be kept at a high value. (Basic Aspect) FIG. 1 shows one aspect of the aspect of the present invention (basic) FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the polarizing switch element 10, for example, on two transparent substrates 丨丨, 12 made of low-expansion glass, for example, made of ITO (imlium-tin oxide). ··Indium Tin Oxide) The transparent dielectric 142774.doc 201107822 pole 13, 14, in addition to the formation of polyimine film or 81 〇 oblique vapor deposition as liquid θβ alignment film 15, 16 formed such a liquid crystal alignment film ι5, 〗 6 In order to make the target gap uniform, the transparent substrates 11 and 12 sandwich the spacer member 19 made of glass beads or the like, and are surrounded by a liquid crystal injection port (not shown), for example, by a uv-hardening type. After the sealant 17 is sealed, the liquid crystal material 21 such as a PSS (Polelar Shielded Smectic) liquid crystal material or a ferroelectric liquid crystal material 0 is injected from the liquid crystal injection port. The inlet is hardened and sealed with an adhesive such as an epoxy resin adhesive. Further, the polarization switch element 10 includes a feedback state detecting unit 22 that detects a polarization state of the emitted light, a feedback mechanism 24 that feeds back the signal from the polarization state detecting unit 22, and a counter electrode based on a signal from the feedback mechanism 24. • Voltage control unit 23 for the voltage applied by 13, 14. In the state in which the voltage is not applied to the transparent electrodes 丨3 and 丨4, the polarized light-switching element 10 is configured to transmit the incident linearly polarized light as it is; 〇 when a specific voltage is applied, the incident straight line is applied The polarization direction of the polarized light is rotated by 90° to transmit, thereby operating as a polarizing switch. At this time, since the liquid crystal can use PSS liquid crystal or ferroelectric liquid crystal, it can be switched at a high speed. In addition, when the polarization state of the emitted light is detected by the polarization state detecting unit 22, the signal is input to the voltage control unit 23 via the feedback means 24, and the voltage control unit 23 applies voltage to the electrodes 13 and 14 based on the signal. Therefore, you can get a stable response - A. (Polarization state detecting unit) Fig. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the polarization state detecting unit (sensor) 22 142774.doc 201107822. The polarization state detecting unit 22 includes a polarizing plate 3 1 that transmits light in a first linearly polarized state, and a transmission and a first linear polarization state 9 〇. a polarizing plate 32 that rotates the light in the second linearly polarized state, a photodetector 33 that detects the light intensity transmitted through the polarizing plate 31, and a photodetector 34 that detects the intensity of the light transmitted through the polarizing plate 32, and will be from the photodetector The signals of 33 and 34 are fed back to the voltage control unit 23. As the photodetectors 33 and 34, for example, an apparatus described in the application physics manual, the Applied Physics Society, Maruzen, 2nd edition, pages 36 to 4 can be used. For example, when the light in the first linearly polarized state is incident on the polarization detecting portion 22, 'the polarizing plate 3 is transmitted, and the transmitted light is detected by the photodetector 33'. The 彳§ is transmitted to the voltage via the feedback mechanism 24. Control unit 23. On the other hand, when the light of the second linearly polarized state is incident on the polarization detecting portion 22, the transmitted light is detected by the photodetector 34 through the polarizing plate 32', and the signal is transmitted to the feedback mechanism 24 via the feedback mechanism 24. Voltage control unit 23. (Voltage Control Unit) FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the voltage control unit 23. The voltage control unit 23 is provided with a sensor signal detecting unit 41, a voltage output unit 42, a wheeling place 43 and a control unit 44 that receive a signal from a polarization detecting unit (a signal from a salt detector) via a feedback member 24. The device for inputting a signal for specifying the polarization state of the emitted light is input from the control unit 44. The control unit 44 determines the application of the electrodes 13 and 14 based on the signal input from the sensor signal detecting unit 与 from the designation signal input from the input device 43. The voltage is supplied to the voltage output unit. The voltage output unit 42 has a power supply, and the output voltage from the power source is controlled based on a command signal from the control unit 2, and the counter electrode 13, 14 142774.doc -10- 201107822 A specific voltage is applied. The sensor signal detecting unit 41 has a discharge of the A material, and the signal from the polarization state detecting unit 22 is amplified and output to the control unit. Further, when the signals from the light detecting units 33 and 34 are sufficiently large, In other cases, the signal from the photodetecting unit 仏34 may be input to the control unit 44 without amplifying the signal by the sensor signal detecting unit. (Control unit)

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the control unit 44. The control unit 44 is configured by a microcomputer or the like, and includes a CPU 51, an input unit 52, an output unit 53, and a storage unit. In the memory unit 54, the memory area 55 of the program is implicitly controlled. The voltage applied to obtain the ith polarization state is memorized. The memory region m of the i-th voltage value has a memory region 57 for the second voltage value of the voltage applied to obtain the second polarization state. The control unit 44 operates as follows. A signal from the input device 43 such as a signal specifying the first polarization state is input to the input unit 52. The cpu 5i reads the signal input to the input unit 52 and the first voltage value stored in the memory 454 in accordance with the control program 55, and outputs it from the output unit 53 to the voltage output unit. The voltage output unit 42 applies a voltage of the i-th voltage value to the electrode. The sensor signal detected by the polarization state detecting unit is input from the person in the wheel, and the sensor signal is maximized. The adjustment signal is output from the output unit and the voltage output unit 42 is adjusted. Thereby, a stable ith polarization state can be obtained. Further, a signal specifying, for example, the second polarization state is input from the input device 43 to the input unit 52. 51, in accordance with the control program 55, reads the ## input to the input 4 52 and the second voltage value stored in the memory unit 54, and outputs it to the voltage output unit 42 from the output unit 142774.doc 201107822. The voltage output unit 42 applies a voltage of a second voltage value to the electrodes. The polarization state detecting unit No. ' is input from the input unit 52 so that the sensor signal becomes 2, and the adjustment signal is output from the output unit 53 to adjust the voltage output unit 42. Thereby, a stable second polarization state can be obtained. (Operation of Polarizing Switch Element) The operation of the polarization switching element of the aspect shown in Fig.} will be described with reference to Figs. 5 and 6 . Referring to Fig. 5, the first incident from the substrate 12 side! Light in the polarized state (linear polarized light 61) (9). A signal indicating, for example, a polarization state is input from the input device 43 of the electric (four) unit 23 to the input unit 52. The CPU 51 reads the signal input to the input unit 52 and the i-th voltage value 'stored in the memory unit 54 in accordance with the control program 55, and outputs it from the output unit 53 to the voltage output unit 42. The voltage output unit 电压 the voltage of the first voltage value of the wire electrode. The polarization state detecting unit detects that the sensory signal is input from the input unit 52, and the CPU outputs the adjustment signal from the output unit 53 so that the sensor signal is maximized, and the voltage output unit 42 is adjusted. Thereby, a stable second light state (linear polarized light 63) can be obtained. Referring to Fig. 6 'the signal input/output unit 52eCPU 51 that specifies the second polarization state, for example, from the wheeling device 43, reads the input number input to the input port 52 and the second memory in the memory unit 54 in accordance with the control program 55. The voltage value is output from the output P 53 to the voltage output portion 42. The voltage output unit applies a voltage of the second voltage value to the electrode. The sensor signal 'k input 52 detected by the polarization state detecting unit is input, and the cpu is used to make the sensor signal maximum 142774.doc 201107822 ^method 'output adjustment signal from the output unit 53 to adjust the voltage output portion 42. Thereby, the stable second polarization state (linear polarization 65) can be achieved. (Stable response) (5) In the sample of Fig. 1, because of the detection of light transmitted through the liquid crystal, the light is detected by the feedback mechanism. The electric power adjusted by the electric application mechanism is applied to the liquid crystal, so that a stable response can be obtained. (Liquid crystal material) The liquid helium material which can be used for the cattle of the present invention is not particularly limited in the range of the scope of the present invention. In general, the response speed of the liquid crystal θ is the switching speed of the polarization switching element using the liquid crystal. From the viewpoint of the switching speed, it is preferably used as compared with the TM liquid crystal. For example, Pss liquid crystal or ferroelectric liquid crystal to be described later. (Strong dielectric liquid crystal) The ferroelectric liquid crystal material which can be used for the present invention of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not deviate from the gist of the present invention. From the viewpoint of the response speed, it is preferred to use the above-mentioned ferroelectric liquid crystal material. (Element using PSS liquid crystal or ferroelectric liquid crystal) As described above, the polarization switching element of the present aspect uses PSS liquid crystal or ferroelectric liquid crystal as the liquid crystal material, and is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the response speed of the liquid crystal. In such a manner, the effect of further increasing the switching speed of the liquid crystal can be obtained. The increase in the switching speed of such a liquid crystal, together with the "stable response" of the present invention, enables high-speed and stable switching, so that the following multiplication effect can be obtained, for example, for 142774 for viewing stereoscopic images. .doc •13· 201107822 3D display and other situations 'Interactively switching the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye can make the viewer feel uncomfortable and can naturally view the stereo image. (Projector) Hereinafter, a polarization switching element using the aspect of the present invention will be described based on Fig. 7 . Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the projector of the aspect of the invention. The projector 60 is a projector using the above-described polarization switching element 1 of the present invention, and includes a spatial light modulation element 161 for indicating an input image signal, an illumination optical system 62, and a polarization switching element. The optical unit 63; the projection optical system 65 for expanding the light passing through the optical unit 63 to the screen 64; the modulation element driving circuit 66 for driving the spatial light modulation element 61; and the polarization switching element driving for driving the polarization switching element 1 Circuit 67. The projector 60 passes light from the spatial light modulation element 61 through the polarization switch element 10. At this time, the signal from the modulation element drive circuit 66 is received, and the polarization switch element drive circuit 67 is operated to operate the polarization switch element 1?. Thereby, the polarization state is switched, and the light after the polarization state is switched is projected onto the screen. The stereoscopic image can be seen by viewing the projected image by a mirror having a polarizing plate that transmits light of different polarization directions. At this time, since the polarization switch element in this aspect can be switched at a high speed and stably responded, a high-quality image can be seen. (Television) Hereinafter, a television using the polarization switching element of the aspect of the present invention will be described based on Fig. 8 . Fig. 8 is a block diagram (schematic configuration diagram) of a television showing an aspect of the present invention. The television 70 is a television using the polarizing switch element 10 of the present invention, and includes a display device 142774.doc -14-201107822 71 for indicating an input image signal, a polarization switch element ίο, and a display device driving the display device 71. The circuit 7 drives the polarization switching element driving circuit of the polarization switching element 丨〇. The television 70 passes the light from the display device 71 through the polarization switch element 1A. At this time, the signal from the display device drive circuit 72 is received, and the polarization switch element 1 is operated by the polarization switch element drive circuit 73'. Thereby, the polarization state is switched, and the image for the right eye and the image for the left eye are time-divided to have different polarizations, and the polarized light having different left and right sides is provided.

The image is viewed from the lens of the eccentricity of the light, and a stereoscopic image can be seen. At this time, the polarized switching element in this aspect can be switched at a high speed and stably, so that the image of the enamel can be seen (for details of the principle of such a stereoscopic television), for example, reference: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9_219876 Bulletin). (Liquid Crystal Element) A liquid crystal element (liquid crystal switching element) according to an aspect of the present invention includes at least a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal material disposed between the pair of substrates. (Liquid Crystal Material) In the present invention, as long as it is a mode in which the present invention is applied, a liquid crystal material which can constitute an electro-optical element with a magnitude of an applied electric field and/or a rotation of an optical axis corresponding to nine directions can be *special Use restricted. In the present invention, whether or not a certain liquid crystal material can be used can be confirmed by the following "method for confirming the rotation of the optical axis direction". That is, based on the argument that the liquid crystal material can be responsive at a sufficient speed based on the argument that the specific high-speed response can be used in the present invention, it can be confirmed by the following "validation method of response time". 142774.doc •15·201107822 (Method for confirming the rotation of the optical axis). As a method of turning the optical position of the liquid crystal element, the polarizer is vertically arranged on the crossed Nicols of the deposited sheet. In the case where the liquid crystal parts are set in the configuration, the intensity of the transmitted light is minimized when the optical axis and the absorption axis of the thin film are in the case. Therefore, the angle of the minimum intensity of transmitted light in the crossed Nicols configuration is the angle 纟 of the optical axis. At this time, the electric field is not applied to the liquid crystal element. Using this as a reference angle, an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal element to find the angle at which the minimum intensity of the transmitted light in the crossed Nicols configuration can be obtained. Since the angle at which the electric field is the minimum intensity after the application of the electric field is the angle of the minimum intensity, the angle of the minimum intensity is observed as long as the magnitude or direction of the electric field changes, and the increase or decrease of the revolving angle corresponding to the amount of change is observed. It is confirmed that the optical axis direction has been rotated. As an example of the apparatus for confirming, the method of confirming the orientation of the optical axis can be confirmed by the configuration of Fig. 13. (Method of confirming response time) When the optical axis orientation is observed in the liquid crystal element, the speed of the rotation is the response time. In the orthogonal Nicol setting in which the polarizer and the phosphor are arranged perpendicularly, the liquid crystal element is disposed at an angle at which the amount of transmitted light is the smallest, and an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal S. Since the optical axis is rotated by the application of the electric field, the amount of transmitted light changes. Therefore, the degree of change in the amount of transmitted light is the degree of change in rotation. When the amount of transmitted light in a state where no electric field is applied is set to G%', when the amount of transmitted light which is changed by the application of the electric field and becomes the final stable state is set to 100%, an electric field is applied from the state where the electric field is not applied, and the amount of transmitted light is changed from 1 The time when 〇% becomes 9〇% is the rising response time 142774.doc -16- 201107822 k The time during which the electric field is applied starts the application of the stop electric field, and the time when the amount of transmitted light is changed from 90% to 1% is the falling response time. For example, in the PSS-LCD application, the rise response time and fall response time are all around 400. The case where the device example of (10) is used and the "method of confirming the optical axis direction" to be described later is the same. The configuration of Fig. 13 can be confirmed. • (PSS-LCD) The liquid crystal material which can be preferably used in the present invention, PSS-LCD, that is, the initial molecular alignment in the liquid helium material has a direction substantially parallel to the direction of the alignment treatment, and the liquid crystal material is substantially Below the external applied voltage, the spontaneous splitter is at least not perpendicular to the substrate. (Initial Molecular Alignment) In the present month, the initial molecular alignment (or direction) in the liquid crystal material, the liquid crystal. The long axis of the molecule has a direction substantially parallel to the alignment processing direction of the liquid crystal molecules. The long axis of the liquid crystal molecules has a width which is substantially parallel with respect to the alignment treatment, and can be confirmed, for example, by the following method. In order to make the liquid crystal 70 of the present invention exhibit desired display properties, the angle (absolute value) between the rubbing direction of the foot and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules is preferably 3 by the following method. The following 'better is 2. The following 'especially good for you. the following. For the sake of strictness, when a polymer alignment film such as a polyimide film is rubbed, it is known that birefringence is induced at the outermost layer of polyimine, and is thereby imparted to the shaft. In addition, in general, It is known that the long axis and the slow axis of the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in parallel. For almost all polyimine alignment films, it is known that there is some angular deviation between the rubbing direction and the k-axis. In general, the deviation is relatively small, which can be 7 degrees. However, the deviation of the angle, as an extreme example, such as polyphenyl 142774.doc -17- 201107822 ^ ene can be 9G degrees. Therefore, in the present invention, the angle between the rubbing direction and the alignment direction of the long axis (i.e., the optical axis) of the liquid crystal molecules is preferably 3. the following. At this point, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules and the direction of alignment of the slow axis provided by the polymer (polyimide or the like) and the polymer alignment film are preferably 3 in terms of friction. Below, better is 2. The following is particularly good. the following. As described above, in the present invention, the direction of the alignment treatment means the direction of the slow axis (in the outermost layer of the polymer) which determines the alignment direction of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule. <Method for measuring initial molecular alignment state of liquid crystal molecules> Generally, the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules is aligned with the optical axis. Therefore, in the case where the liquid crystal panel is disposed in the crossed Nicols configuration in which the polarizer is vertically disposed in the phosphor, the intensity of the transmitted light is consistent with the absorption axis of the liquid crystal. For the smallest. The direction of the initial alignment axis can measure the intensity of the light transmitted through the liquid crystal panel and rotate it in a crossed Nicols configuration, thereby measuring the angle of the minimum intensity of the transmitted light. <Method for measuring the parallelism between the long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules and the alignment treatment direction> The rubbing direction is determined by the set angle, and the slow axis of the outermost layer of the polymer alignment film provided by friction is composed of the polymer alignment film The type, film production method, and friction strength are determined. When &' provides a matte position parallel to the direction of the slow axis, it can be confirmed that the molecular long axis, that is, the molecular optical axis, is parallel to the slow drawing direction. (Spontaneous polarization) The inventive towel 'in the initial molecular alignment 彳 φ, the spontaneous polarization (similar to the spontaneous polarization of the case of a ferroelectric liquid crystal) does not occur at least perpendicular to the direction of the base 142774.doc -18-201107822. The "initial molecular alignment which does not provide substantial spontaneous polarization is not a spontaneous polarization" as described in the present invention can be confirmed by, for example, the following method. <Measurement of the presence of a spontaneous polarization perpendicular to the substrate> When the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal cell is in the right white Shi Ba &# shape, there is a spontaneous polarization, especially in the spontaneous Ο ❹ In the case of the substrate in the state, that is, in the initial state perpendicular to the direction of the electric field (that is, in the case of no external electric field), when a low-frequency triangular wave voltage (about G1 ΗΖ) is applied to the liquid crystal cell, the applied voltage is reversed from positive to negative. Negative, or from negative to positive polarity change, and the direction of the spontaneous polarization will be reversed from the upper direction to the lower direction, or from the lower direction to the upper direction, and the opposite direction is reversed, the actual charge is delivered ( That is, the electricity is generated by the spontaneous knife pole, which is reversed when the polarity of the applied electric field is reversed. Therefore, a peak current as shown in Fig. 9 appears. The integrated value of the peak current corresponds to the total amount of charge to be delivered, i.e., the intensity corresponding to the spontaneous polarization. When the non-study current is observed by the measurement, the occurrence of spontaneous polarization inversion can be directly confirmed by such a phenomenon. In addition, when observing the increase of the straight line as shown in Fig. 10, it can be found that the long axis of the liquid crystal molecule corresponds to the increase of the electric field strength, and the molecular alignment direction of the 亥 + + γ ^ @ Sexual or continuous change. In other words, in this case, as shown in Fig. 1, it can be found that the intensity of the applied electric field is changed, and the orientation of the molecules is changed by the induced polarization or the like. (Substrate) The substrate which can be used in the month of the month is not particularly limited as long as it can be given the specific "initial alignment state" described above. In other words, the substrate to which the present invention is applied can be appropriately selected from the viewpoints of the use method or use of the LCD, its material and size, etc. (PSS-LCD material) PSS- suitable for use in the present invention The LCD liquid crystal material is not particularly limited as long as it can impart the specific "initial molecular alignment state" described above. In other words, the liquid crystal material to which the present invention is applied can be appropriately selected from the viewpoints of physical properties, electrical properties, or display properties. For example, a wide variety of liquid crystal materials (including a wide variety of ferroelectric or non-strong dielectric liquid crystal materials) as exemplified in the literature can be generally used in the present invention. Specific preferred examples of the liquid crystal material used in the present invention are as follows. [Chemical 1]

Crh c8h170 8n17

[Chemical 2]

142774.doc -20-201107822 (Alignment film) The alignment film which can be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can impart the specific "initial molecular alignment state" described above. In other words, the alignment film to which this issue/day is applied can be appropriately selected from physical properties, electrical or display properties, etc. (4). For example, various alignments as exemplified in the literature can be generally used in the present invention. Specific preferred examples of such a liquid crystal material which can be used in the present invention are as follows. 〇$ conjugate film: polyimine, polyamine, polyamine-nitride, inorganic alignment film: SiO 2 , SiO, butyl 82 〇 5, etc., in the present invention, as the aforementioned substrate, liquid crystal material and alignment film If necessary, you can use the materials, ingredients, or components of the items listed in the "CryStal Device Handbo〇k" (1989) issued by the Nikkan News Agency (Japan, Tokyo). (Other components) Other materials, constituent elements or components such as a transparent electrode, an electrode, a spacer, a polarizing plate, and the like which are used in the liquid crystal switching element of the present invention are within the scope of the object of the present invention ( In other words, the above-mentioned specific "initial molecular alignment state" is not particularly limited as long as it is the specific "initial molecular alignment state" described above. In addition, in the present invention, the method of the liquid crystal switching element can be used to form a liquid crystal switching element, except that the liquid crystal switching element is configured to impart the above-mentioned specific "initial molecule, (four) state". For details of the various materials, components, or components of the product, please refer to the "Liquid Crystal Device Handbook" (1989) issued by the Kokusai Industrial News Agency (Japan, Tokyo). 142774.doc 201107822 (means for achieving a specific initial alignment) a means or means for realizing such an alignment state, as long as it is achievable, the specific "initial molecular alignment state" I of j is not particularly limited. In other words, in the present invention, means or means for realizing the specific initial alignment to be applied can be appropriately selected from the viewpoints of physical properties, electrical properties, display performance, and the like. (Good means for imparting initial alignment) "As far as the inventors know, the initial alignment to which the above is applied can be achieved by using the following alignment film (in the case of an alignment film formed by firing) The thickness thereof is easily expressed by the thickness after firing and the rubbing treatment. In the other aspect, the thickness of the alignment film is 3 〇〇〇A (angstrom) or less, and the frictional strength (i.e., the amount of friction) is 0.3 mm or less. The thickness of the alignment film is preferably 4 Å or more, more preferably the above (particularly preferably 6000 A or more). The frictional strength (i.e., the amount of friction intrusion) is preferably 〇3 匪 or more, more preferably 0.4 mm or more (particularly preferably 〇 45 mm or more). The aligning film thickness and the frictional strength of uranium can be measured, for example, by the method described in Production Example i to be described later. In the present invention, a PSS-LCD having another configuration disclosed in Japanese Patent Application No. Hei. EXAMPLES Production Example 1 A commercially available FLC mixture material (merck: zli_4851_ 142774.doc • 22·201107822 10〇), a liquid crystalline photopolymer (Japan Pharmaceutical Industry: UCL-001), and polymerization were used. The agent (Merck: Light Starter (Darocure) 1173) was assembled into a liquid crystal element based on the Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Hei 11-21554 (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 09-174463). The mixture was composed of 93% by mass of ZLT-4851-100FLC mixed material, 6% by mass of iUCL-001, and 1% by mass of photoinitiator 1173. The substrate used herein is a glass substrate having an ITO film thereon (Shih-Boron glass commercially available from Nono Loa Inc., thickness ❹ 〇 7 mm, size 50 mm >< 50 mm) . The polyimine alignment material was coated by using a spin coater, and then the obtained film was pre-baked, and finally the resultant product was fired in a dust-free oven to form a polyimide film. For details of the general industrial procedures to be used here, please refer to the document "Liquid • Crystal Display Techniques" Sangyo Tosho (1996 'Tokyo), Chapter 6 〇 for liquid crystal molecular alignment films, using RN- 1199 (Nissan Chemical Industry) 〇 as 1 ~ 丨.5. Pretilt angle alignment material. The thickness of the alignment layer as the hardened layer was set to 4500 A to 5 〇 0 〇 A. The surface of the hardened alignment layer was rubbed by a crepe cloth (manufactured by Yoshikwa Kako, trade name: 19RY) so as to be at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the center direction of the substrate as shown in Fig. 12 . The pressing amount of friction '0.5 mm on both substrates 〇<friction conditions> frictional pressing amount: 0.5 mm friction number: 1 table moving speed: 2 mm/sec 142774.doc -23- 201107822 Roller gyration frequency: 1000 rpm (R = 4 〇 mm) As the spacer, a particle size of i. 6 μm is used. The cell gap measurement of Yuancheng was 1.8 microns. The aforementioned mixed material is aliquoted into the cells in 丨丨. After the mixed material was injected, the peripheral temperature was controlled to be slowly cooled at a rate of 2 ° C to a mixed material exhibiting a ferroelectric liquid crystal phase (40 C ). After that, when the panel reaches a sufficient room temperature by natural cooling, a triangular wave voltage of 10 kHz, +/- 10 V, and frequency 5 〇〇 is applied to the panel (using a function wave generator manufactured by NF Circuit Block Co., Ltd., trade name: WF1946F). After applying the voltage for 10 minutes, the same voltage was applied and irradiated with ultraviolet rays of 365 nm (using ultraviolet light manufactured by UVp, trade name: UVL-56). The conditions of the irradiation were 5 〇〇〇 mJ/cm 2 . For details of the general industrial procedures used here, refer to the article "Liquid Crystal Display Techniques" Sangyo Tosho (1996, Tokyo), Chapter 6, as needed. For details of the general industrial procedures to be used here, refer to the document "The Optics of Thermotropic Liquid" as needed.

Crystals" Tayl or and Francis: 1998 'London, England; Chapter 8 and Chapter 9. Manufacturing example 2 mm. For the liquid crystal molecular alignment film, RN-1199 (Nissan Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.) was used as a pretilt alignment material of 1 to 1.5 °. The thickness of the alignment layer as the hardened layer was set to 6500A to 7000A. The surface of the hardened alignment layer was rubbed by the Rayon cloth at an angle of 3 degrees with respect to the center line of the substrate as shown in Fig. 12. The amount of friction intrusion was 〇5 I42774.doc -24- 201107822 on both substrates. As the spacer, cerium oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 丨.6 μm were used. The measured cell gap was 1 _ 8 microns. In this cell, a commercially available FLC mixture material (Merck: ZLI-4851-100) was used at 110. (The temperature is aliquoted. After injecting the mixed material, control the ambient temperature and slowly cool it at a ratio of 丨 minute .. The 171 ^ material is brought to the surface of the ferroelectric liquid crystal (40. 〇. To the slow cooling process of the C phase of the palm layer (from 75〇c to 4 (Γ(:), apply a +/-2 V, frequency 500 Hz triangular wave voltage. The panel temperature reaches 4〇<t 〇 After that, the applied triangular wave voltage is increased to +/-10 V. Then, the natural cold portion is continuously applied until the panel temperature reaches room temperature. The initial molecular alignment direction of the panel is the same as the rubbing direction in most of the field of view. However, the friction angle deviation of +/_2 〇 is present in the extremely limited surface. • In this manufacturing example, it is found that excessive voltage application in the slow cooling phase causes the initial FLC molecular alignment to decrease. For example, to represent the smectic phase A phase The temperature, after applying a voltage of about +/- 5 V, there is a streaky alignment defect along the rubbing direction. Once this type of defect occurs, the c-phase (strong dielectric liquid twin phase) of the palm layer is not Excludes defects. Although the voltage application under slow cooling is effective, The parts should be strictly controlled. In these manufacturing examples, good results are obtained in the following cases: it is better to be included in the layer below i ν / μ1 ,, from 层 Α phase to chiral SmC phase The transfer temperature is 1 〇t at 〇5, and from the phase transfer temperature to 2 (5 ν/μηι or less at TC, and 7.5 V/μηη or less in the lower temperature range. Production Example 3 For Liquid Crystal For molecular alignment film, use RN_1199 (Nissan Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) as the pretilt alignment material of l~i.5. Set the thickness of 142774.doc -25-201107822 as the alignment layer of the hardened layer to 6500A~7000A. The surface of the alignment layer is rubbed by the rubbing fabric at an angle of 3 degrees with respect to the center line of the substrate as shown in FIG. 12, and both substrates are used as the spacer. The cerium oxide particles having an average particle diameter of 丨.8 μm were used. The calculated cell gap was 2.0 μm. In this cell, it will be described in the literature.

Molecular Crystals and The liquid crystals ; r Naphthalene Base

Ferroelectric liquid crystal and Its Electro Optical Properties j ;

The naphthalene-based FLC mixture material of Vol. 243, pp. 77_pp. 90, (1994) is aliquoted at a temperature of 丨3〇〇c. The liquid crystal material has a spiral pitch of 25 mm at room temperature. After the liquid crystal material is injected, the peripheral temperature is controlled to slowly cool from 130 ° C to 5 〇r which exhibits a strong dielectric liquid crystal phase. From the slab eight-phase cooling to the slow cooling process to the palm phase c-phase (9 (rc to 5 〇. (:), apply a +/-1 V, frequency 500 Hz triangular wave voltage. Panel temperature reaches 5 After 〇<t, increase the applied triangular wave voltage to +/_7 V. Then continue to apply by natural cooling until the panel temperature reaches room temperature. The initial molecular alignment direction of the panel is in most of the field of view and friction The direction is the same. Only the very small surface can be seen to deviate from the friction angle by +/_17 degrees. The electrical response of the panel is measured as 'average of the field of view range of about 2 times as measured by a polarizing microscope'. In the present manufacturing example, it has been found that the applied voltage during the slow cooling period is not limited to the triangular wave, and even the sine wave or the rectangular wave can effectively stabilize the initial molecular alignment parallel to the rubbing direction. Table 1 below. Summary of Manufacturing Example 142774.doc -26· 201107822 [Table 1] Photoreceptive alignment condition voltage application condition Example Basic FLC Pure alignment film friction temperature slow substance Material Inclination Thickness Pressing Rate Cold Rate Ancient Meat/JEL Low Temperature (degrees) (A) (mm) fc/min) Manufacturing Example 1 ZLI-4851-100 1 5000 0.5 2 Soilless 10V, 500 Hz, Triangle Wave Comparison Manufacturing Example 1 There are ZLI-4851-100 1 200 0.5 2 soilless 10V, 500 Hz, triangular wave comparison manufacturing example 2 ZLI-4851-100 1 5000 0.1 2 No ±10V, 500 Hz, triangular wave manufacturing example 2 No ZLI-4851-100 1 7000 0.5 1 ± 2 V, ±10V, 500 Hz, 500 Hz, triangular wave triangular wave comparison Manufacturing example 3 ZLI-4851-100 1 5000 0.5 5 No ±10V, 500 Hz, triangular wave comparison Manufacturing example 4 No ZLI-485 Μ 00 1 7000 0.1 1 ± 2 V, soil 10 V, 500 Hz, 500 Hz > Triangle wave triangular wave comparison manufacturing example 5 No ZLI-4851-100 1 200 0.1 1 ± 2 V, soil 10V, 500 Hz, 500 Hz, triangular wave Triangle wave comparison manufacturing example 6 No ZLI-4851-100 I 200 0.5 1 ± 2 V, ±10 V, 500 Hz, 500 Hz 'Triangular wave triangular wave comparison manufacturing example 7 ZLI-4851-100 6.5 5000 0.5 2 None 1 0V, 500 Hz ^ Triangle wave comparison manufacturing example 8 ZLI-4851-100 6.5 200 0.5 2 Soilless 10V, 500Hz 'Triangular wave comparison manufacturing example 9 ZLI-4851-100 6.5 5000 0.1 2 Soilless 10V, 500 Hz, triangular wave manufacturing Example 3: No naphthalene 1 7000 0.6 1 ±1 V, soil 7 V, 500 Hz, 500 Hz, triangular wave triangular wave comparison manufacturing example 10 naphthalene-free 600 0.2 1 soil 1 V, ±7 V, 500 Hz > 500 Hz, triangular wave triangular wave comparison manufacturing Example 11 No naphthalene 7000 0.2 Soil 1 V, soil 7 V, 500 Hz, 500 Hz, triangular wave triangular wave comparison Manufacturing Example 12 No naphthalene 7000 0.6 3 No ±7 V, 500 Hz, triangular wave

The configurations, arrangement relationships, and the like described in the above aspects are merely illustrative of the extent to which the invention can be understood and implemented. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and may be varied in various forms without departing from the scope of the technical idea shown in the scope of the patent claims. Industrial Applicability As described above, the polarizing switch element of the present invention has an excellent feature that a stable response can be easily obtained. The polarizing switch element of the present invention can easily impart a good extinction ratio because of & Stable response to viewing stereoscopic viewing stereo

The polarizing switch element of the present invention can be suitably used as a polarizing switch element as an image based on the above characteristics (i.e., and/or a good extinction ratio), and can be suitably used as a projector and a television as an image. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a view showing a configuration of a polarizing switch according to an aspect of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a state of the present invention. 3 is a frame structure of a polarized light according to the aspect of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a control unit of a polarized light according to the aspect of the present invention; and a voltage control unit of the device is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a view showing the operation of the polarizing switch element; FIG. 7 is a schematic sectional view showing the projector of the aspect of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view showing the aspect of the television of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a triangular switching voltage application 142774.doc -28-201107822 pole switching current between the directional switches; Fig. 10 is a diagram showing the polarization between the switches in the case of the prior SSFLCD panel. Diagram of the peak current of the switch; knife. Figures U(a) to (e) are used to illustrate the wedge of the c_directional data of the PS-V-FLCD, and the figure is shown; ' Figure 12 is used to illustrate the laminated panel. Schematic diagram of the friction angle; and FIG. 13 shows that it can be used in the present invention. A stereoscopic view of a configuration suitable for one of the elements of the optical axis orientation. [Description of main component symbols] 10 Polarizing switch elements 11, 12 Transparent substrates 13, 14 Transparent electrodes 15, 16 Liquid crystal alignment film 17 Sealing material 19 Spacer member 21 Liquid crystal material 22 Polarized state detecting portion (sensor) 23 Voltage control portion 24 Feedback mechanism 31, 32 polarizing plate 33, 34 photodetector 41 sensor signal detecting portion 42 voltage output portion 43 input device 142774.doc -29-201107822 44 control unit 60 projector 70 TV 80 PMT 81 not wave benefit 82 PSS-LCD Cell 83 Polarizer 84 Backlight 85 Function Generator 142774.doc -30-

Claims (1)

201107822 VII. Patent application scope: i-type polarizing switch element' is characterized in that it has at least one of: a transparent substrate having one transparent electrode on each surface; a liquid crystal material disposed between the pair of transparent substrates; a voltage application mechanism for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal material with a pair of transparent electrodes; a polarization state detecting means provided on a light exit side of the pair of transparent substrates; and a voltage based on a signal from the polarization state detecting means The feedback from the mechanism is applied to adjust the voltage applied from the aforementioned voltage applying mechanism to the liquid crystal material. 2. The polarizing switch element of claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal material is composed of a polarization shielding type smectic liquid crystal or a ferroelectric liquid crystal. 3. The polarizing switch element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a first polarization state of light incident from a light incident side of the pair of transparent substrates is changed to be different from the first polarization state by applying a voltage ' to the liquid crystal material The second polarization state. 4. The polarizing switch element of claim 3, wherein the light of the first polarized state is maintained and output by adjusting an applied voltage to the liquid crystal material. The polarization switching element according to claim 3, wherein the first polarization state is linearly polarized, and the second polarization state is linearly polarized by 90° rotation of the linearly polarized vibration surface. 6. The polarizing switch element of claim 4, wherein the first polarization state is straight 142774.doc 201107822 linearly polarized light, wherein the second polarization state is a linearly polarized light that rotates the vibration plane of the linearly polarized light by 90°. The polarizing switch element according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polarization state detecting means includes at least one polarizing means and a photodetector for detecting the intensity of light transmitted through the polarizing means. 8. The polarizing switch element of claim 1 or 2, wherein the voltage applying mechanism comprises: a detector signal detecting means for detecting a signal from the polarized state detecting means; and an input means for inputting a command for specifying a polarized state; a control mechanism for determining a voltage applied to the liquid crystal by a command input by the input means and a signal detected by the sensor signal detecting means; and applying a voltage to the transparent electrode based on a signal from the control means Voltage output mechanism. 9. The polarizing switch element of claim 8, wherein the control means comprises a memory means; wherein the memory means stores a control program for maintaining and outputting the light of the first polarization state, wherein the control program is The signal intensity from the polarization state detecting means is maximized, and the voltage value applied to the transparent electrode is determined, and a signal for the voltage output is transmitted to the voltage output means. 10. A projector, characterized in that it comprises at least: a spatial light modulation element for displaying an input image signal, an illumination optical system, an optical unit, and light for passing the optical unit The projected projection optical system and the spatial light modulation component; the moonlight optical unit comprises a polarizing light-emitting element; and the polarizing switch element is the polarization switching element of claim 1 or 2, which has at least: 142774.doc 201107822 a transparent substrate having a transparent electrode on each surface; a liquid crystal material disposed between a pair of transparent substrates; and a voltage applying mechanism for applying a voltage to the liquid crystal material via the pair of transparent electrode pairs; a polarization detecting mechanism of the pair of transparent substrates on the light exit side; and: adjusting a voltage applied from the voltage applying means to the liquid crystal material based on feedback from the voltage applying means from a signal from the polarized state detecting means. The television is characterized in that it comprises at least a display device for displaying an input image signal and a polarization switching element; and the polarized switching element of the month is a polarization switching element of the request item 2 or 2, The method has at least: a pair of transparent electrodes having transparent electrodes on the respective surfaces; and the arrangement: the liquid crystal material between the transparent substrates is subjected to the aforementioned voltage application to the transparent electrode to apply a voltage to the liquid crystal material The polarization state detecting means on the light exit side of the transparent substrate adjusts the voltage applied from the voltage applying means to the liquid crystal material based on the feedback from the voltage applying means from the signal from the polarization state detecting means. 142774.doc