201042146 六、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明’係爲有關於風力發電裝置及其控制方法者。 【先前技術】 於先前技術中’例如,在與電力系統作連動運轉之風 力發電裝置中’係經由對轉子之旋轉數或轉子之激磁電流 0 作控制,而對有效電力或無效電力作控制,並將此些之有 效電力以及無效電力供給至電力系統處。 又’在專利文獻1中’係揭示有:檢測出電力系統之 頻率,並以使系統頻率成爲特定値的方式來決定有效電力 指令値,而根據此有效電力指令値來對有效電力作控制之 技術。 [專利文獻1]日本特開2002_44867號公報 【發明內容】 然而’若是轉子之旋轉數的變動爲大,則伴隨於此, 有效電力亦會有大幅變動。因此,例如,就算是在電力系 統側所要求之每單位時間的有效電力量爲少的情況時,亦 由於轉子之旋轉數的變動係爲大,因此,無法將有效電力 調整爲所期望之値’而會將對於要求而言爲過剩之有效電 力供給至電力系統處,藉由此,例如,會存在著產生有電 壓或頻率之變動等的對於電力系統之安定化造成不良影響 的問題。 -5- 201042146 本發明,係爲了解決上述問題所進行者’其目的’係 在於提供一種能夠將因應了電力系統之要求的有效電力作 供給之風力發電裝置及其控制方法。 本發明之第1形態,係爲一種風力發電裝置,其特徵 爲:當從電力系統側而受訊了有效電力之最大値的變更要 求以及新定義的有效電力之最大値的情況時,將被設定於 額定値的有效電力指令値之最大値,以前述特定之變化率 以下來變化爲前述新定義的有效電力之最大値。 若藉由此種構成,則當從電力系統側而受訊了有效電 力之最大値的變更要求以及新定義的有效電力之最大値的 情況時,係將被設定於額定値的有效電力指令値之最大値 ,以特定之變化率以下來變化爲新定義的有效電力之最大 値。 如此這般,由於係以特定之變化率以下來使有效電力 之最大値作變化,因此,例如,藉由將特定之變化率設定 爲能夠將電力系統之電壓値的變動或是頻率變動抑制在特 定値以下一般之變化率,能夠對於被設定成了額定値的有 效電力指令値之最大値的急遽變化作防止,而能夠將電力 系統之頻率變動或是電力變動抑制在特定値以下。作爲上 述運轉狀態參數之其中一例,例如,係可列舉有轉子旋轉 數、以及轉子之激磁電流等。 上述風力發電裝置,係亦可設爲以下之構成:具備有 :檢測部’係檢測出相關於運轉狀態之參數;和指令値取 得部’係保有將相關於前述運轉狀態之參數與有效電力指 -6- 201042146 令値之間附加了對應的第 ^ 取得與經由前述檢測部所 應之有效電力指令値;和 訊了有效電力之最大値的 " 之最大値的情況時,將被 有效電力指令値之最大値 化爲前述新定義的有效電 0 若藉由此種構成,則 相關於前述運轉狀態之參 對應的第1資訊,經由指 將與運轉狀態參數相對應 此讀出了的有效電力指令 當從電力系統側而受訊了 及新定義的有效電力之最 的第1資訊之有效電力指 Q 被以特定之變化率以下來 最大値。 上述風力發電裝置之 爲額定値之有效電力指令 大値間的差分,以在變更 而計算出前述變化率,當 設定之前述特定之變化率 該變化率,而當所算出之 之前述特定之變化率的情 1資訊,並根據該第1資訊,而 檢測出之前述運轉狀態參數相對 變更部,係當從電力系統側而受 變更要求以及新定義的有效電力 設定於額定値的前述第1資訊之 ,以前述特定之變化率以下來變 力之最大値。 在指令値取得部中,係具備有將 數與有效電力指令値之間附加了 令値取得部,而從第1資訊中來 之有效電力指令値讀出,並根據 値來進行有效電力之控制。又, 有效電力之最大値的變更要求以 大値的情況時,被設定於額定値 令値之最大値,係經由變更部而 變化爲前述新定義的有效電力之 前述變更部,亦可藉由將被設定 値和前述新定義的有效電力之最 中所需要之特定時間來作除算, 所算出之該變化率,係爲預先所 以下的情況時,係採用所算出之 該變化率,係超過了預先所設定 況時,係採用該特定之變化率。 201042146 藉由如此這般地來對變化率作決定,而成爲能夠使被 設定爲額定之有效電力指令値平緩地作變化。藉由此’在 第1資訊作遷移的期間中,能夠防止有效電力急遽地變化 ,而能夠將有效電力之最大値變更所致的對於電力系統之 影響減少。 在上述風力發電裝置中,亦可爲以下之構成:具備有 ••將相關於運轉狀態之參數與有效電力指令値之間附加了 對應,且該有效電力指令値之最大値係各爲相異之複數的 第2資訊,當從電力系統側而受訊了有效電力之最大値的 變更要求以及新定義的有效電力之最大値的情況時,使用 前述有效電力指令値之最大値係爲位在額定有效電力値與 前述新定義之有效電力之最大値之間的前述第2資訊,並 階段性地對被設定爲額定値之有效電力指令値作變更。 如此這般,由於係經由變更部所具備之複數的第2資 訊’而使有效電力之最大値被作變更,因此,能夠迅速地 進行被設定爲額定値之有效電力指令値的變更。又,對於 有效電力之最大値的變更要求,由於係使被設定於額定値 之有效電力指令値階段性地變更爲新定義的有效電力之最 大値’因此,例如,藉由以使電力系統之電壓値的變動或 是頻率變動抑制在特定値以下一般地來設置多數之第2資 訊’能夠防止有效電力指令値之急遽變化,而能夠將電力 系統之頻率變動或是電力變動抑制在特定値以下。作爲上 述運轉狀態參數之其中一例,例如,係可列舉有轉子旋轉 數、以及轉子之激磁電流等。 -8 * 201042146 本發明之第2形態,係爲一種具備有複數之風力發電 裝置的風力發電廠,其特徵爲:前述複數之風力發電裝置 中的至少一個,係爲上述所記載之風力發電裝置。 本發明之第3形態,係爲一種風力發電裝置之控制方 法’其特徵爲:當從電力系統側而受訊了有效電力之最大 値的變更要求以及新定義的有效電力之最大値的情況時, 將被設定於額定値的有效電力指令値之最大値,以特定之 0 變化率以下來變化爲前述新定義的有效電力之最大値。 本發明之第4形態,係爲一種具備有複數之風力發電 裝置的風力發電廠之控制方法,其特徵爲··在複數之風力 發電裝置中的至少一個處,適用上述所記載之風力發電裝 置之控制方法。 若藉由本發明,則係可得到能夠進行對應於電力系統 之要求的有效電力之控制的效果。 【實施方式】 以下’參考圖面,針對本發明之發電裝置及其控制方 法的其中一種實施形態作說明。 圖1’係爲展示在風力發電裝置1中所具備之發電機 6以及其之周邊構成的其中一例之區塊圖。 如圖1中所示一般,風力發電裝置丨,係具備有:風 車葉片4、齒輪5、發電機6、電力變換部20、變流器控 制部21、葉片控制部22、以及主控制部24。另外,發電 機6’係被與電力系統2作連接。又,發電機6之轉子, -9- 201042146 係經由齒輪5而被接合於風車葉片(省略圖示)。 在發電機6之周邊’係被設置有用以檢測出發電機6 之轉子速度的轉子速度檢測部(檢測部)5 0。經由轉子速 度檢測部5 0所檢測出之轉子速度,係成爲被輸出至後述 之主控制部處。 在本實施形態中’發電機(感應機)6,係被構成爲 能夠將發電機6所產生之電力從固定子捲線以及轉子捲線 之雙方來輸出至電力系統2處。具體而言,發電機6,其 之固定子捲線係被連接於電力系統2,而轉子捲線係經由 電力變換部2 0而被連接於電力系統2。 電力變換部20,其構成係具備有變流器14、DC匯流 排1 5、以及反相器1 6,並將從轉子捲線所接收之交流電 力變換爲適合於電力系統2之頻率的交流電力。變流器 1 4,係將在轉子捲線處所產生了的交流電力變換爲直流電 力,並將該直流電力輸出至DC匯流排1 5處。反相器1 6 ,係將從DC匯流排1 5所接收了的直流電力變換爲與電 力系統2相同之頻率的交流電力,並將該交流電力輸出。 電力變換部20,係亦具備有將從電力系統2所接收 之交流電力變換爲適合於轉子捲線之頻率的交流電力之功 能。於此情況,反相器1 6,係將交流電力變換爲直流電 力,並將該直流電力輸出至DC匯流排15處。變流器14 ’係將從D C匯流排1 5所接收了的直流電力變換爲適合 於轉子捲線之頻率的交流電力,並將該交流電力供給至發 電機6之轉子捲線處。 -10- 201042146 主控制部2 4 ’係具備有有效電力控制部2 7。有效電 力控制部2 7 ’係如圖2中所示一般,具備有轉子速度檢 測部5 0、指令値取得部5 1、變更部5 2、電力指令値演算 器53。 轉子速度檢測部50’係作爲風力發電裝置1之運轉 狀態的參數’而檢測出發電機6之轉子速度,並輸出至指 令値取得部5 1處。 0 指令値取得部51 ’係如圖2中所示一般,具備有將 轉子速度(運轉狀態參數)與供給至電力系統2處之有效 電力的目標値(以下’稱爲「有效電力指令値」)之間附 加了對應的第1資訊,使用此第1資訊,來取得與經由轉 子速度檢測部5 0所檢測出之轉子速度相對應的有效電力 指令値’並將此有效電力指令値輸出至葉片控制部2 2以 及電力指令値演算器53處。在第1資訊中,最大有效電 力値係被設定爲額定値P0,在轉子速度成爲特定値以上 Q 之區域中’額定値係作爲有效電力指令値而被輸出。 變更部52,係當爲了抑制電力變動或是使過渡安定 度提升等的目的,而從電力系統2側來收訊了有效電力之 最大値的變更要求的情況時,使在指令値取得部51所參 考之第1資訊中的有效電力指令値之最大値以特定之變化 率以下來作變化。例如,變更部5 2,係預先保有變化率 之上限値a與爲了使第丨資訊變化所需要的時間τ之間的 資訊’並在此範圍內來決定變化率。 具體而言,當將現在之有效電力的額定値設爲P〇, -11 - 201042146 並將新定義之有效電力的最大値設爲p1的情況時,變更 部52,係藉由將有效電力額定値P0與新定義的有效電力 之最大値P1之間的差分(P1 - P0 ),除以在變更中所需 要之時間τ (例如5分鐘),來算出變化率(b = ( P 1 — P〇)/T),當算出了的該變化率b係爲預先所設定之變 化率的上限値a以下的情況時,則採用所算出之變化率b ,而當算出了的變化率b超過了上限値a的情況時,則係 採用上限値a。另外,關於變化率,係並不被限定於此例 ,而係爲可藉由設計而任意地設定者。 又,在本實施形態之變更部5 2的變化率中,作爲施 加變更的時間T,雖係設爲採用預先所決定了的特定時間 (例如5分鐘),但是,係並非被限定於此。例如,變更 部52,當與有效電力之最大値的變更要求同時地而收訊 有時間T >的情況時,係在變化率b之算出的時間資訊中 採用所受訊了的時間,而變化率b,係藉由b= (P1 一 p〇)/T>而算出。進而,當算出了的變化率b係爲預 先所設定之特定的變化率a以下的情況時,則採用所算出 之變化率b,而當算出了的變化率b超過了預先所設定之 特定的變化率a的情況時,則係採用特定之變化率a。亦 可如此這般地而將爲了對有效電力之最大値作變更所耗費 的時間設爲可作任意之設定者。 指令値取得部5 1,若是在經由變更部5 2而使第1資 訊被作變更的期間中取得轉子速度,則係從變更途中之第 1資訊來讀出有效電力値並作輸出。 -12- 201042146 從指令値取得部51所輸出之有效電力指令値,係在 ' 被輸入至葉片控制部22處的同時,亦被輸入至電力指令 演算器5 3處。 • 電力指令演算器5 3,係根據從指令値取得部5 1所輸 ' 出之有效電力指令値與電力因數(Power factor )指令値 ,而算出輸出至電力系統2處之無效電力指令値。於此, 所謂電力因數指令値,係將電壓與電流之相位差Θ [rad]的 0 COS 0作爲電力因數,並以使其成爲電力系統所要求之電 力因數的方式來作控制之値。更具體而言,當將U設爲 電壓之實效値,將I設爲電流之實效値的情況時,視電力 (apparent power)係藉由 S=UI[VA]而被表示,有效電 力係爲P=UIcos0[W],無效電力係爲Q=UIsin0[var] 。於此情況’由於係週知有:在視電力S、有效電力P、 以及無效電力Q之間,係成立有下述之(1)式,因此, 根據此’而計算出無效電力,並將所算出之無效電力設爲 Q 無效電力指令値。 S2=P2+q2 ⑴ 電力指令演算器53,係將無效電力指令値與從指令 値取得部51所取得之有效電力指令値輸出至變流控制部 21 (寥考圖1)處。 變流控制部2 1 ’係根據從有效電力控制部27所取得 了的有效電力指令値以及無效電力指令値而產生PWM( -13- 201042146201042146 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention is directed to a wind power generation device and a control method therefor. [Prior Art] In the prior art, for example, in a wind power generation device that operates in conjunction with a power system, control of effective or ineffective power is performed by controlling the number of revolutions of the rotor or the exciting current 0 of the rotor. This effective power and reactive power are supplied to the power system. Further, 'Patent Document 1' discloses that the frequency of the power system is detected, and the effective power command 决定 is determined such that the system frequency becomes a specific 値, and the effective power is controlled based on the effective power command 値. technology. [Patent Document 1] Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-44867. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION However, if the fluctuation in the number of revolutions of the rotor is large, the effective electric power also fluctuates greatly. Therefore, for example, even when the amount of effective electric power per unit time required on the power system side is small, since the fluctuation of the number of revolutions of the rotor is large, the effective electric power cannot be adjusted to the desired state. In the meantime, the excess power is required to be supplied to the power system, and there is a problem that, for example, there is a change in voltage or frequency, which adversely affects the stability of the power system. -5- 201042146 The present invention has been made in order to solve the above problems, and an object thereof is to provide a wind power generator capable of supplying effective electric power in response to a request of an electric power system and a control method therefor. According to a first aspect of the present invention, in a wind turbine generator, when a change request for the maximum power of the effective power and a maximum amount of the newly defined effective power are received from the power system side, The maximum value of the effective power command set at the rated value is changed to the maximum value of the newly defined effective power below the specific rate of change. According to this configuration, when the change request of the maximum power of the effective power and the maximum amount of the newly defined effective power are received from the power system side, the effective power command set to the rated power is set. The biggest flaw is to change to the maximum of the newly defined effective power at a specific rate of change. In this way, since the maximum power of the effective power is changed by a specific rate of change, for example, by setting the specific rate of change to be able to suppress the fluctuation or voltage fluctuation of the voltage 电力 of the power system. Specifically, the following general rate of change can prevent the sudden change in the maximum power of the effective power command set to the rated value, and can suppress the frequency fluctuation or the power fluctuation of the power system to be less than or equal to a certain value. As an example of the above-described operational state parameters, for example, a rotor rotation number, a rotor excitation current, and the like can be cited. The wind turbine generator may be configured to include a detection unit that detects a parameter related to an operation state, and a command acquisition unit that maintains a parameter related to the operation state and an effective power index -6- 201042146 When the corresponding power is obtained from the corresponding power supply and the maximum power of the maximum power of In the case of the above-described configuration, the first information corresponding to the parameter of the operational state is the effective power read by the finger corresponding to the operational state parameter. The command's effective power finger Q of the first information that is received from the power system side and is the most valid of the newly defined effective power is maximum at a specific rate of change or less. The wind power generator is a difference between the rated power command and the maximum power, and the change rate is calculated by changing, and the specific change rate is set, and the specific change is calculated. According to the first information, the operation state parameter relative change unit detected by the first information is changed from the power system side and the newly defined effective power is set to the first information of the rated power. The maximum value of the force is below the specific rate of change described above. In the command acquisition unit, the command acquisition unit is added between the number and the effective power command ,, and the effective power command 値 from the first information is read, and the effective power is controlled based on the 値. . In addition, when the maximum power change of the effective power is required to be large, the maximum value of the rated power is set to be the change unit of the newly defined effective power via the change unit, or The specific time required to set the 有效 and the newly defined effective power is calculated. If the calculated rate of change is the following, the calculated rate of change is used. The specific rate of change is used when the condition is set in advance. 201042146 By making a decision on the rate of change in this way, it becomes possible to make the effective power command set to the rated level change smoothly. By this, during the period in which the first information is migrated, it is possible to prevent the effective power from rapidly changing, and it is possible to reduce the influence on the power system due to the change in the maximum power of the effective power. In the above-described wind power generator, the following configuration may be adopted: • The parameter related to the operating state is added to the effective power command ,, and the maximum 値 of the effective power command 相 is different. When the second information of the plural number is received from the power system side and the maximum power of the effective power is changed, and the maximum amount of the newly defined effective power is used, the maximum power of the effective power command is used. The second information between the rated effective power and the maximum amount of the newly defined effective power is changed in stages, and the effective power command set to the rated frequency is changed in stages. In this manner, since the maximum amount of the effective electric power is changed by the plurality of second information 'supplied by the changing unit, the change of the effective electric power command set to the rated value can be quickly performed. Further, the request for the change of the maximum power of the effective power is changed to the maximum value of the newly defined effective power by the step of setting the effective power command set to the rated power. Therefore, for example, by making the power system The fluctuation of the voltage 或是 or the frequency fluctuation suppression is generally set to a plurality of the second information, which is generally set to be able to prevent the rapid change of the effective power command ,, and can suppress the frequency fluctuation or the power fluctuation of the power system below a certain level. . As an example of the above-described operational state parameters, for example, a rotor rotation number, a rotor excitation current, and the like can be cited. -8 * 201042146 A second aspect of the present invention is a wind power plant including a plurality of wind power generators, wherein at least one of the plurality of wind power generators is the wind power generator described above . According to a third aspect of the present invention, in a method of controlling a wind power generator, the method of controlling a maximum power of the effective power and a maximum amount of the newly defined effective power are received from the power system side. , will be set to the maximum 有效 of the rated 有效 effective power command 値, with a specific zero rate of change below the maximum 有效 of the newly defined effective power. According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in a method of controlling a wind power plant including a plurality of wind power generation devices, the wind power generation device described above is applied to at least one of a plurality of wind power generation devices. Control method. According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an effect of being able to control the effective electric power corresponding to the requirements of the electric power system. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, one embodiment of a power generating device and a control method thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Fig. 1' is a block diagram showing an example of a configuration of a generator 6 provided in the wind turbine generator 1 and its periphery. As shown in FIG. 1 , the wind power generator 丨 includes a wind turbine blade 4 , a gear 5 , a generator 6 , a power conversion unit 20 , a converter control unit 21 , a blade control unit 22 , and a main control unit 24 . . Further, the generator 6' is connected to the electric power system 2. Further, the rotor of the generator 6 and -9-201042146 are joined to the wind turbine blade (not shown) via the gear 5. A rotor speed detecting unit (detecting unit) 50 for detecting the rotor speed of the generator 6 is provided around the generator 6. The rotor speed detected by the rotor speed detecting unit 50 is output to a main control unit to be described later. In the present embodiment, the generator (inductor) 6 is configured to be able to output electric power generated by the generator 6 to the electric power system 2 from both the fixed sub-winding and the rotor winding. Specifically, the generator 6 has its fixed sub-winding line connected to the electric power system 2, and the rotor winding line is connected to the electric power system 2 via the electric power conversion unit 20. The power conversion unit 20 is configured to include a current transformer 14, a DC bus 15 and an inverter 16 to convert AC power received from the rotor winding into AC power suitable for the frequency of the power system 2. . The converter 14 converts the AC power generated at the rotor winding into DC power and outputs the DC power to the DC bus 15 . The inverter 16 converts the DC power received from the DC bus 15 into AC power of the same frequency as the power system 2, and outputs the AC power. The power conversion unit 20 also has a function of converting AC power received from the power system 2 into AC power suitable for the frequency of the rotor winding. In this case, the inverter 16 converts the alternating current power into a direct current power and outputs the direct current power to the DC busbar 15. The converter 14' converts the DC power received from the DC bus line 15 into AC power suitable for the frequency of the rotor winding, and supplies the AC power to the rotor winding of the generator 6. -10-201042146 The main control unit 2 4 ' is provided with an effective power control unit 27 . As shown in Fig. 2, the effective power control unit 2 7 ' includes a rotor speed detecting unit 50, a command acquisition unit 51, a changing unit 5, and a power command 値 calculator 53. The rotor speed detecting unit 50' detects the rotor speed of the generator 6 as a parameter 'the operating state of the wind power generator 1, and outputs it to the command 値 acquiring unit 51. As shown in FIG. 2, the command acquisition unit 51' has a target for generating the rotor speed (operating state parameter) and the effective power supplied to the power system 2 (hereinafter referred to as "effective power command". The corresponding first information is added between the first information, and the effective power command 値' corresponding to the rotor speed detected by the rotor speed detecting unit 50 is obtained and the effective power command 値 is output to The blade control unit 22 and the power command 値 calculator 53 are provided. In the first information, the maximum effective power system is set to the rated value 値P0, and the rated system is output as the effective power command 区域 in the region where the rotor speed becomes a certain value or more. When the change unit 52 receives the request for the change of the maximum power of the effective power from the power system 2 side for the purpose of suppressing the power fluctuation or increasing the transient stability, the change unit 52 causes the command acquisition unit 51. The maximum power of the effective power command in the first information referred to is changed by a specific rate of change or less. For example, the changing unit 52 determines the rate of change within the range in which the upper limit 値a of the rate of change and the time τ required to change the second information are held in advance. Specifically, when the rated 値 of the current effective power is set to P 〇, -11 - 201042146 and the maximum 値 of the newly defined effective power is set to p1, the changing unit 52 sets the effective power rating. The difference (P1 - P0 ) between 値P0 and the newly defined effective power 値P1 is divided by the time τ required for the change (for example, 5 minutes) to calculate the rate of change (b = ( P 1 — P 〇)/T), when the calculated change rate b is equal to or less than the upper limit 値a of the change rate set in advance, the calculated change rate b is used, and when the calculated change rate b exceeds In the case of the upper limit 値a, the upper limit 値a is used. Further, the rate of change is not limited to this example, but is arbitrarily set by design. In addition, in the change rate of the change unit 52 of the present embodiment, the time T to be changed is set to a predetermined time (for example, five minutes) determined in advance, but is not limited thereto. For example, when the change unit 52 receives the time T > simultaneously with the change request of the maximum power of the effective power, the changed time is used for the time information calculated by the change rate b. The rate of change b is calculated by b = (P1 - p〇) / T > Further, when the calculated change rate b is equal to or lower than the specific change rate a set in advance, the calculated change rate b is used, and the calculated change rate b exceeds the specific value set in advance. In the case of the rate of change a, a specific rate of change a is employed. In this way, the time taken to change the maximum power of the effective power can be set as an arbitrary setting. The command acquisition unit 5 1 reads the effective power 从 from the first information in the middle of the change, and outputs the rotor speed during the period in which the first information is changed via the change unit 52. -12- 201042146 The effective power command output from the command acquisition unit 51 is input to the blade command unit 22, and is also input to the power command calculator 53. The power command calculator 53 calculates the invalid power command 输出 output to the power system 2 based on the effective power command 値 and the power factor command 输 outputted from the command 値 acquisition unit 51. Here, the power factor command 作为 is to control the voltage θ 0 of the phase difference Θ [rad] of the voltage and current as a power factor, and to control the power factor required for the power system. More specifically, when U is set to the actual effect of voltage and I is set to the actual effect of current, the apparent power is represented by S=UI[VA], and the effective power is P=UIcos0[W], the invalid power is Q=UIsin0[var]. In this case, it is known that the following equation (1) is established between the apparent power S, the effective power P, and the reactive power Q. Therefore, the invalid power is calculated based on this, and The calculated invalid power is set to the Q invalid power command 値. S2 = P2 + q2 (1) The power command executor 53 outputs the invalid power command 値 and the effective power command 取得 obtained from the command 値 acquisition unit 51 to the variable current control unit 21 (refer to Fig. 1). The variable current control unit 2 1 ' generates PWM based on the effective power command 値 and the invalid power command 取得 obtained from the effective power control unit 27 ( -13- 201042146)
Pulse Width Modulation ’脈衝寬幅調變)訊號,並將此 P W Μ訊號分別賦予至變流器1 4以及反向器1 6。藉由此, 而成爲將回應了從有效電力控制部27所賦予而來之有效 電力指令値以及無效電力指令値的有效電力以及無料電力 供給至電力系統2處。 又,葉片控制部22,係根據從主控制部24之有效電 力控制部27所接收到的有效電力指令値以及轉子速度, 來產生傾角(pitch angle )指令値/3 *,並以使實際之傾 角沒成爲與此傾角指令値/3 * —致的方式,來對風車葉片 4之傾角作控制。 接著,針對本實施形態之風力發電裝置1之作用作說 明。 首先將風力發電裝置1之轉子速度,以特定之時間間 隔來經由轉子速度檢測部5 0而檢測出來,並將此檢測値 賦予至主控制部24之有效電力控制部2 7處。在有效電力 控制部2 7處,經由指令値取得部5 1而從第1資訊來取得 對應於轉子速度之有效電力指令値,並將所取得之有效電 力指令値賦予至葉片控制部22與電力指令値演算器5 3處 〇 在葉片控制部2 2中,係被求取出對應於有效電力指 令値之傾角指令値/3 *,根據此傾角指令値A *,葉片傾角 係被作控制。另一方面,在電力指令値演算器5 3處,係 根據所輸入了的有效電力指令値與電力因數指令値,而算 出無效電力指令値,並將此些之指令値賦予至變流器控制 -14- 201042146 部2 1處。變流器控制部2 1 ’係根據被賦予之有效電力指 ' 令値以及無效電力指令値,而對電力變換器20作控制。 藉由此,而成爲將回應了有效電力指令値以及無效電力指 令値的有效電力以及無效電力供給至電力系統2處。 ' 在反覆進行有此種控制的情況時,當從電力系統2側 而收訊了有效電力之最大値的變更要求以及新定義了的有 效電力之最大値P1的情況時,則經由變更部5 2,以使在 〇 現在之第1資訊中的有效電力之額定値P0成爲新定義了 的有效電力之最大値P1的方式,來對第1資訊作變更。 具體而言,變更部52,係根據特定之變化率,來使 在第1資訊中之額定値P0逐漸地變化至新定義了的有效 電力之最大値P1。而後,在此第1資訊之遷移期間中, 係使用在變化過程中之第1資訊,來經由指令値取得部 5 1而取得對應於經由轉子速度檢測部50所檢測出之轉子 速度的有效電力指令値,並將所取得之有效電力指令値賦 Q 予至葉片控制部22與電力指令値演算器53處。藉由此, 能夠避免有效電力指令値急遽地增減的事態,其結果,能 夠使被供給至電力系統2處之有效電力量平緩地變化至新 疋義了的有效電力之最大値。 而後,若是變更部52所致之第1資訊的變更結束, 亦即是第1資訊之額定値到達新定義之有效電力的最大値 P1 ’則直到之後再度受訊有效電力之最大値的變更指令爲 止’係成爲根據此變更後之第1資訊來進行有效電力値之 控制。 -15- 201042146 若藉由本實施形態之風力發電裝置1及其控制方法, 則由於變更部52係根據特定之變化率,來將被設定爲額 定値之第1資訊的有效電力指令値之最大値逐漸地變化爲 新定義了的有效電力之最大値’因此’能夠對於伴隨著有 效電力之最大値的變更要求而使得有效電力指令値急遽地 被變更一事作防止。其結果,藉由將特定之變化率設定爲 使電力系統之電壓値的變動或是頻率變動抑制在特定値以 下一般之變化率,能夠對於被設定成了額定値的有效電力 指令値之最大値的急遽變化作防止,而能夠將電力系統之 頻率變動或是電力變動抑制在特定値以下。 另外,在本實施形態中,雖係將經由轉子速度檢測部 5 0 (檢測部)所檢測出之運轉狀態參數設爲轉子之速度, 但是,係並不被限定於此。例如,代替轉子之速度,亦可 將經由檢測部所檢測出之運轉狀態參數,設爲轉子之激磁 電流。 [變形例1] 另外,在本實施形態中,當變更部5 2以特定之變化 率以下來對有效電力之最大値作變更的情況時,係設爲根 據變更前與變更後之有效電力最大値的差分(P0-P1)以 及在變更中所耗費之時間T來計算出變化率b,並藉由成 爲特定之變化率a以下的變化率b來使其作變化,但是’ 係並不被限定於此。例如,亦可將成爲特定之變化率a以 下之變化率(亦即是每單位時間之有效電力的變化量)設 -16- 201042146 爲既定’並根據此變化率來使有效電力之最大値作變化。 [變形例2] 又’在本實施形態中’雖係設爲經由變更部52來以 既定之特定變化率以下而使指令値取得部51所具有之第 1資訊的有效電力指令値之最大値變化爲新定義了的有效 電力之最大値’但是’係並不被限定於此。例如,變更部 52,係亦可具備有將有效電力指令値之最大値設定爲了與 第1資訊之額定値P 〇分別相異之値的複數之第2資訊, 並當從電力系統側而受訊了有效電力之最大値的變更要求 時,使用此些之複數的第2資訊,來逐漸地使有效電力指 令値變化。 例如,變更部52,係亦可從複數之第2資訊中,將 有效電力指令値之最大値係位在第1資訊之額定値P0與 新定義了的有效電力之最大値之間的複數之第2資訊抽出 ,並從所抽出的第2資訊中之具備有接近於額定値P0的 有效電力指令値之最大値的第2資訊,來依序採用具有接 近於新定義了的有效電力之最大値的有效電力指令値之最 大値的第2資訊,並藉由此而階段性地對有效電力指令値 作變更。 如此這般,變更部52係將預先具有的第2資訊輸出 至指令値取得部5 1處’而指令値取得部5 1係根據第2資 訊而輸出有效電力指令値。藉由此’成爲能夠將有效電力 指令値迅速地輸出至電力指令値演算器53處。 -17- 201042146 另外,本實施形態之變更部5 2,當 値之第1資訊中的有效電力指令値變化至 電力之最大値的情況時,係只要使變更前 値的最大値最終能成爲與新定義了的有效 致即可,對於最大値以外之有效電力指令 係並未特別限定。例如,當第1資訊爲展 示一般之圖表的情況時,亦可設爲並不對 更,而係使圖表縮小並使有效電力指令値 義了的最大値成爲一致,或者,有效電力 以外的有效電力指令値,係亦可直接使用 訊的有效電力指令値。又,關於此種第1 更方法,係設爲根據特定之演算法來進行 又,在本實施形態中,雖係將第1資 示’但是,第1資訊係並非爲被限定於此 要使運轉狀態參數與有效電力指令値之間 ’例如,亦可設爲藉由數式或表(table ) 【圖式簡單說明】 [圖1]展示本發明之其中一種實施形 置之其中一例的區塊圖。 [圖2]展示了有效電力控制部之其中 圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 使被設定爲額定 新定義了的有效 之有效電力指令 電力之最大値一 値的變更方法, 示有如圖2中所 圖表之形狀作變 之最大値與新定 指令値之最大値 變更前之第1資 資訊之特性的變 〇 訊作爲圖表來展 。具體而言,只 附加有對應即可 來作賦予。 態的風力發電裝 一例的功能區塊 18- 201042146 1 :風力發電裝置 2 :電力系統 20 :電力變換部 2 1 :變流器控制部 2 7 :有效電力控制部 5 0 :轉子速度檢測部 5 1 :指令値取得部 5 2 :變更部 5 3 :電力指令値演算器The Pulse Width Modulation signal is applied to the converter 14 and the inverter 16 respectively. As a result, the effective electric power and the unfueled electric power that have responded to the effective electric power command 値 and the invalid electric power command 赋予 given from the effective electric power control unit 27 are supplied to the electric power system 2 . Further, the blade control unit 22 generates a pitch angle command 値/3* based on the effective power command 値 and the rotor speed received from the effective power control unit 27 of the main control unit 24, so as to make the actual The inclination angle does not become a way to control the inclination of the windmill blade 4 in a manner consistent with this inclination command 値/3*. Next, the operation of the wind power generator 1 of the present embodiment will be described. First, the rotor speed of the wind power generator 1 is detected by the rotor speed detecting unit 50 at a specific time interval, and this detection 値 is given to the effective power control unit 27 of the main control unit 24. The effective power control unit 27 acquires the effective power command 对应 corresponding to the rotor speed from the first information via the command 値 acquisition unit 51, and supplies the obtained effective power command 至 to the blade control unit 22 and the power. The command 値 値 値 値 値 値 値 値 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 叶片 对应 对应 对应 对应 对应 对应 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 On the other hand, at the power command 値 calculator 53, the invalid power command 算出 is calculated based on the input effective power command 値 and the power factor command 値, and the commands are given to the converter control. -14- 201042146 Department 2 1 place. The converter control unit 2 1 ' controls the power converter 20 based on the supplied effective power command 値 and the invalid power command 値. As a result, the effective power and the invalid power that have responded to the effective power command 値 and the invalid power command 供给 are supplied to the power system 2 . When the control is repeated, when the change request of the maximum power of the effective power and the maximum 値P1 of the newly defined effective power are received from the power system 2 side, the change unit 5 is passed. 2. The first information is changed so that the rated power 値P0 of the effective power in the first information is the maximum 値P1 of the newly defined effective power. Specifically, the changing unit 52 gradually changes the rated value 値P0 in the first information to the maximum 値P1 of the newly defined effective power based on the specific rate of change. Then, in the transition period of the first information, the first information in the change process is used to acquire the effective power corresponding to the rotor speed detected by the rotor speed detecting unit 50 via the command acquisition unit 51. The command is executed, and the obtained effective power command end is given to the blade control unit 22 and the power command 値 calculator 53. As a result, it is possible to avoid a situation in which the effective power command is rapidly increased or decreased. As a result, the amount of effective power supplied to the power system 2 can be smoothly changed to the maximum value of the new effective power. Then, if the change of the first information by the changing unit 52 is completed, that is, the maximum information of the first information, the maximum 値P1' of the newly defined effective power is reached, and then the maximum change of the effective power is again received. So far, the control of the effective power is performed based on the first information after the change. -15- 201042146 According to the wind power generator 1 of the present embodiment and the control method therefor, the change unit 52 sets the maximum power of the first power of the first information to be rated based on the specific rate of change. Gradually changing to the maximum of the newly defined effective power 'so' can prevent the effective power command from being changed eagerly with the change request of the maximum power of the effective power. As a result, by setting the specific rate of change such that the fluctuation or voltage fluctuation of the voltage 电力 of the power system is suppressed to a general rate of change below a certain threshold, the maximum power 値 of the rated power 设定 can be set. The imminent change is prevented, and the frequency variation of the power system or the power fluctuation can be suppressed below a certain threshold. In the present embodiment, the operating state parameter detected by the rotor speed detecting unit 50 (detecting unit) is the speed of the rotor, but is not limited thereto. For example, instead of the speed of the rotor, the operating state parameter detected by the detecting unit may be set as the exciting current of the rotor. [Variation 1] In the present embodiment, when the change unit 52 changes the maximum power of the effective power at a specific rate of change or less, it is assumed that the maximum effective power is changed before and after the change. The difference ( (P0-P1) and the time T spent in the change are used to calculate the rate of change b, and the change rate b is changed by a specific change rate a or less, but the system is not changed. Limited to this. For example, it is also possible to set the rate of change of the specific rate of change a or less (that is, the amount of change in the effective power per unit time) to -16,420,146,146 as the predetermined 'and to maximize the effective power according to the rate of change. Variety. [Variation 2] In the present embodiment, the maximum power of the first power information of the first information included in the command acquisition unit 51 is set to be smaller than the predetermined specific change rate by the change unit 52. The change is the maximum of the newly defined effective power 'but' is not limited to this. For example, the changing unit 52 may be provided with a second information that sets the maximum value of the effective power command 为了 to be different from the rated 値P 〇 of the first information, and is received from the power system side. When the maximum required change of the effective power is requested, the second information of the plural is used to gradually change the effective power command. For example, the change unit 52 may also set the maximum 有效 of the effective power command 从 from the plural number of the second information to the plural 値 P0 of the first information and the maximum 有效 of the newly defined effective power. The second information is extracted, and the second information having the maximum power of the effective power command close to the rated 値P0 among the extracted second information is sequentially used to have the maximum effective power close to the newly defined one. The second most important information of the 有效's effective power command, and by this, the effective power command is changed step by step. In this manner, the change unit 52 outputs the second information previously provided to the command acquisition unit 5 1 ', and the command acquisition unit 51 outputs the effective power command 根据 based on the second information. By this, it becomes possible to quickly output the effective power command to the power command 値 calculator 53. -17- 201042146 In addition, when the effective power command 中 in the first information of the first embodiment changes to the maximum power 値 in the first information of the first embodiment, the change unit 52 in the first embodiment can make the maximum 値 before the change finally The newly defined effective can be used, and the effective power command system other than the maximum 并未 is not particularly limited. For example, when the first information is a general chart, it may be set to be the same, and the maximum amount of the chart is reduced and the effective power command is degraded, or the effective power other than the effective power is used. After the command, you can also use the effective power command of the message. Further, the first method is performed according to a specific algorithm. In the present embodiment, the first item is displayed. However, the first information system is not limited to this operation. Between the state parameter and the effective power command ' 'for example, it can also be set by a number or a table (a brief description of the drawing) [Fig. 1] shows a block of one of the embodiments of the present invention. Figure. [Fig. 2] shows a diagram of an effective power control unit. [Description of main component symbols] The method of changing the maximum effective power command power set to the newly defined rated power is shown as the maximum shape and new command in the shape shown in Figure 2. The change in the characteristics of the first capital information before the change is shown as a chart. Specifically, only the correspondence can be added. Functional block of an example of a wind power generation device 18 - 201042146 1 : Wind power generation device 2 : Power system 20 : Power conversion unit 2 1 : Converter control unit 2 7 : Effective power control unit 5 0 : Rotor speed detection unit 5 1 : Command acquisition unit 5 2 : Change unit 5 3 : Power command 値 calculator
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