TW201032443A - Multi-stage variable reluctance motor/generator - Google Patents

Multi-stage variable reluctance motor/generator Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201032443A
TW201032443A TW098105887A TW98105887A TW201032443A TW 201032443 A TW201032443 A TW 201032443A TW 098105887 A TW098105887 A TW 098105887A TW 98105887 A TW98105887 A TW 98105887A TW 201032443 A TW201032443 A TW 201032443A
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Taiwan
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stator
rotor
stage
pole
poles
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TW098105887A
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Chinese (zh)
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TWI448047B (en
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John A Davis
Iain C Davis
Feisal A Hurzook
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Sunco Invest Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/82—Elements for improving aerodynamics

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  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

A compact, rugged, variable reluctance, variable speed, electric motor capable of producing high torque at high electrical energy conversion efficiencies. The present invention provides for a multi-stage motor design consisting of a number of discreet rotor and stator elements on a shaft. This configuration provided the simplest of magnetic structures and produced the means by which powerful magnetic flux modeling design techniques were developed and utilized to further optimize the motor design and subsequent control logic. Thermal mapping of the magnetic mass provided the means by which advanced cooling techniques could be employed to insure long in-service life in the most extreme of industrial applications. Inherent in the design is low vibration thereby greatly reducing noise. Efficient motor operation can be realized through the reduction in switching and copper losses in both the machine and its control system. With the control package, the invention has the ability to instantly convert the machine from a motor to a generator and dynamically to brake connected loads or convert "coast down" kinetic energy in order that the energy usually lost to mechanical friction from these operations can be recovered for use elsewhere on an electrical grid or stored for use later in the machine's motoring cycle.

Description

201032443 ' 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 树明關於可變速之電動機’特別是關於—種能高效率操 作之多級可變磁阻機構，即高轉矩電動機及高效率發電機之設 計、構造、冷卻及控制。 【先前技術】 本發明係關於一機電裝置之結構，即眾所周知的可變磁阻 電動機。電動機能透過環繞固定設置之定子（stat〇r)及於其内部 ❿旋轉之轉子（她tor)的電磁結構，將電能轉換成為動力及轉 矩。一般而言習知技術的定子係由複數個謹慎設置的圓形突出 部或極部（pole)所構成，並且極部係向内朝向轉子。相對之轉子 則向外延伸朝向定子極配置而構成。為確保能自行啟動 (self-starting)，可變磁阻發電機之設計必定會使一定子極永遠 朝一轉子元件對置，因此需於複數個定子極與轉子極之間有不 同之間距（pitch)。 於每一通電循環週期依序通電時，定子極之每一相對之極 ® 對的電磁線圈會產生磁場，磁場會吸引位置最接近的轉子極， 使其與該些通電定子極之一對齊而產生旋轉及轉矩。因此在通 電程序中任何一個時間點，都僅會有一極對會位在正確的位置 (由於定子極與轉子極之間具有不同之間距），因而僅能獲得較 低之轉矩。因此.相較於穩定操作效能之裝置尺寸，製造商多半 會製作超過該尺寸之裝置以實現前述之穩定操作效能，而導致 外殼變形、震動、噪音、機構轉矩輸出產生大轉矩漣波效應 (torque ripple effect)以及在電動機的工作範圍内電動效能低的 問題。 4 201032443 ' Richardson等人申請之美國專利第5,365，137號揭示透過 與定子數目相同之對應轉子極之配置，能使轉子極同時被通 電，而達成產生較高之轉矩但不會伴隨過度轉矩漣波並且避免 其他k计常見外殼變形之目的。透過此配置，轉子係被分成多 段（segments)或多級（級次；stages)。每一級次具有隨角度不同 但連續設置之轉子極，以允許自行啟動（self_starting)。藉由對 一級次内之所有轉子極通電以及對每一級次依序通電，電動機 便食b自行啟動而產生較高之轉矩、較低之轉矩連波、震動及嚼 鲁 音。 其他旋轉之電動機配置可見於美國專利第6,927,524號、 第 6,762,524 號、第 6,617,746 號、第 5,433,282 號、第 5,727,560 號及第5,365，137號。 切換電路則可見於美國專利第5，115，181號、第5,4〇4,〇91 號及第5,012，177號。 美國專利第5,545,964號及美國專利第4,143,308號則顯示 可變磁阻發電機控制系統以及控制方法。美國專利第7,〇〇9,36〇 ® 號揭不一可變磁阻發電機之控制方法。美國專利第.ό，509,710 號則揭示利用指示轉子角度位置訊號控制可變磁阻發電機之 方法。美國專利第7, 250,734號及美國專利第6,864,658號亦 揭示了控制可變磁阻發電機之方法。 美國專利公開第31，950號揭示極腳位係相對於轉子軸歪 斜。並且，美國專利第4,67〇,696號也揭示疊片式轉子，相對 旋轉轴向歪斜之内容。 用於可變磁阻發電機之冷卻系統則可見於美國專利第 ^°49,716 ^ ' % 7,193,342 % ^ % 6,815,848 ^ ' % 7,244,110 旒第 7，156，195 號、第 6,897,584 號、第 7,091,635 號、第 201032443 w 6,300,693 號、第 5,372,213 號、第 2,824,983 號、第 3,663，127 號、第 3,518,468 號、第 4,743，176 號以及第 5,222,874 號。 美國專利第6,153,956號係揭示具備查找表（look up table) 之第一計算裝置的電路。查找表係用以提供參考磁鏈值 (reference flux linkage value)相位電流（phase current)以及轴角 (shaft angle)間之關係。 美國專利第7,230,361號揭示一決定電子裝置設計之方 法，基於對一關鍵設計方程式之分析，前述關鍵設計方程式係 ❹ 能再以給定速度之條件下，得出具有最佳化轉矩之轴向空隙。 美國專利公開第2005/0162031號以及第2005/0099082號 係揭示極部歪斜或沿圓周地設置之内容。 本發明提出確有配合改善設計技術以最佳化電動機/發電 機之配置、建構、效能、控制及冷卻，而能使電動機7發電機能 產生高轉矩、低轉矩漣波、低震動及低嗓音之需求。 【發明内容】 本發明之目的在於提供一種改良之多級可變磁阻電動機/ Q 發電機及其製造、設計之方法。 本發明之另一目的在於提供一種多級可變磁阻電動機/發 電機包括：一轴桿，具有一旋轉軸；複數個隔開之級次，設置 於旋轉轴四周；每一級次具有相同數目之定子極與轉子極’用 以定義對稱地設置於旋轉轴四周，其間具有空隙之定子與轉子 極對；第一供電裝置，用以於選定期間同時對一級次之所有定 子極進行通電；以及第二供電裝置，用以對該級次以外的該些 級次之所有定子極依序重複進行通電’其中於該些級次中之每 一定子與轉子極對具有實質相同之物理特性及電磁特性。 本發明之又一目的在於提供一種能設計多樣之多級可變 201032443 * 磁阻裝置之方法，多級可變磁阻裝置具有複數個隔開之級次， 設置於一旋轉軸四周，其中每一級次具有相同數目之定子極與 轉子極，用以定義對稱地設置於旋轉軸四周，其間具有空隙之 定子與轉子極對，該方法包括：為每一級次選擇單一定子與轉 子對；自該級次的單一定子與轉子對所能具有之物理特性及電 磁特性之特性組中，選定該單一定子與轉子對之標準；以及根 據該單一定子與轉子對之標準，製造該級次所有的定子極與轉 子極。 φ 本發明之又一目的在於提供一種系統，用以最佳化多級可 變磁阻裝置之物理特性及電磁特性，多級可變磁阻裝置具有複 數個隔開之級次，設置於旋轉軸四周，其中每一級次具有相同 數目之定子極與轉子極，用以定義對稱地設置於旋轉轴四周， 其間具有空隙之定子與轉子極對，該系統包括：於記憶體中儲 存每一級次的單一定子與轉子對之規格；計算自該級次的單一 定子與轉子對所能具有之物理特性及電磁特性之特性組中，選 定之單一定子與轉子對之標準；以及利用計算步驟，決定該級 Φ 次所有的定子極與轉子極。 本發明並提供亦可變轉矩裝置，具有對繞阻接線的改造， 以增加本發明低速轉矩之輸出及基速操作特性。另一方面，本 發明每一級次中線圈具備之電磁特性，能裝置之低速轉矩輸出 最大化，同時提高裝置之基速及最大速度效能特性。 相較於習知多級可變磁阻電動機裝置，本發明於設計技 術、建構、控制及效能方面均具有更多優點。基於本發明電動 機具有複數個級次，每一級次之轉子及定子段配置相同極數， 利用更為先進之設計技術，能最佳化本發明裝置之配置、建 構、效能、冷卻以及控制。由於本發明之簡潔特性及相關之電 7 201032443 ~ 磁結構，允許本發明設計元件之最佳化或是精準預測機構效能 所需之特殊化、高度先進之計算模組化設計技術之發展，而滿 足設計上廣泛的需求。本發明之設計技術優點在於，為配合各 種應用，本發明中所有元件針對其所需之物理、熱力學、電磁 特性，均能精確模組化（塑型），以使總體效能達到最佳化。 是以，本發明係為結合許多有關裝置建構之改良，不僅能 減少總體複雜性，更同時有效地改善產生轉矩之性能及總體操 作效能。本發明利用多級性，每一級此具有相同極數之定子與 〇 轉子部分，其中各級次之定子極與對應級次之轉子極構成各別 之極對，且所有極對均以相同方式對齊。相較於Richardson之 專利，本發明具備許多重要之改善。每一級次之定子部分係以 疊片式磁性元件，構成護鐵（back iron)與定子部分的極部結 構。於一較佳實施例中，每一級次之定子部分係整體為環狀之 疊片式定子部分。固定於每一定子極之電磁線圈為單純機械式 纏繞之裝置，可大量生產且容易組裝至機構内部。 當固定於每一級次之定子極的線圈同步被通電時，機構内 φ 之電力分布係簡單且直接。本發明能利用將電力供給分為二等 分，而更進一步縮小每一級次内之電力分布系統。透過前述二 等分之各分支，將部分電能通入各級所分派之複數個線圈。於 操作期間，給定級次中相鄰線圈之電流均相等，因此與其它電 動機配置一樣，不會有短路的可能。相較於Richardson之專利， 本發明之定子結構具有更小、更簡化、更輕之構造。並且，由 於本發明之定子結構可對裝置提供一更有效率之熱排，因而可 更進一步提高本發明結構之積密度。 根據機構效能特性所需，本發明之每一轉子級亦由疊片式 磁性元件構成，包括向外極結構以及與軸桿之連接。於一較佳 8 201032443 - 實施例中，每一轉子級次係整體為環狀之疊片式磁性元件。每 一級次之轉子極以輻射狀配置，各級次則沿本發明之軸心配 置，因此隨時均穩定。由於複數級次與轉子極具有移置角度之 結合，轉子極之級次會與對應定子極之級次正確地對齊，而在 極對間形成許多空隙，當定子線圈通電時，所在位置之電磁回 路便吸引所有正確對齊之轉子極至對應之定子極，使轉子組件 旋轉，傳送轉矩至轉子軸桿。一旦開始旋轉，相繼之級次便會 正確地對齊，使本發明之電力供給控制邏輯及電路元件推進電 φ 能至本發明之下一級次，以確保級次間順利並連續地傳送轉矩 之軸桿並使其旋轉。相反地，當由外部機械動力源使其旋轉， 讓極對正確地對齊時，結合同步低電平通電電壓供給至對應級 次之定子線圈，會讓該級次之定子線圈產生較大之電流。加上 連續級次之轉子線圈產生之電流，僅要外部機械動力源持續供 給至軸桿，即具備產生連續動力之性能。 本發明特別的是，每一級次各別轉子極係沿著旋轉轴偏 斜。就對客製化組件而言，每一連續之疊片即提高每一轉子級 Φ 次之磁質量，疊片以輻射狀設置並實級次轉子極偏斜。由於使 轉子極相對定子極偏斜一角度，極對間之空隙即產生交疊，若 以並聯配置定子與轉子極對對各別定子極通電，則會使極對間 之磁阻逐漸減小。同樣地，當級次之轉子極逐漸遠離對應通電 之定子極的磁場影響時，亦會產生空隙間逐漸變小之磁阻能。 操作中，偏斜轉子極角度證實能更進一步降低當自一級次轉移 電能/機械能至下一級次時所產生之轉矩漣波/電流漣波之能 階。 轉子半徑、極數、極部長度、極部寬度、護鐵厚度、疊片 數目及厚度、電磁線圈之尺寸及形狀係均根據本發明之設計技 201032443 術決定。本發明設計技術之輸入值（設計之目標值）包括但並非 限疋.所需輸出轉矩/電流、所需電動機/發電機轉速範圍、尺 寸限制之空間限制條件、輸入/輸出電壓以及輪入/輸出電流。 當本發明之相關能耗主要發生在定子之繞阻時，本發明之 結構能允許以有效之機構冷卻組件。由質輕、剛強、高熱導性 材料所構成且具支撐性之外殼以能傳導熱之方式，緊密地與機 構定子連接。視本發明之特殊需求或使用預設而定，本發明之 冷卻系統可採用，但並非限制：強制氣冷式、增壓液態冷卻、 Φ 打氣式喷嘴冷卻等。 對於較大型之應用而言，相較於專利第5,365，137號，本 發明機構之外殼能允許更進一步之改善。本發明機構之外殼導 入結構内部之内部軸承之概念，相較於以往，能以更小直徑職 支撐轴桿，即能發展高之轉矩/電流輸出。本發明機構之内部軸 承之導入使得發展大型結構，高轉矩/電流之輸出成為可能。 本發明有效能之操作需要正確的時機以及控制送至/來自 本發明各級次之電能傳送；為控制本發明之時機期間及送至/ Ο 來自各級次之電能傳送量，本發明之磁阻能無限制地改變，以 為特定之設計用途產生速度及轉矩/電流輸出。轉子半徑、極次 長度、線圈尺寸及冷卻方法均為可變因素，在設計過程中均能 改變本發明之尺寸及效能，以便適用於各種應用。此外，本發 明設計技術能複制時機（timing)及電能之輸入/輸出，以最佳化 本發明相關之控制邏輯與電路控制。作為本發明設計技巧之一 部分’一特定之控制邏輯係已利用動態之總線電壓，發展出控 制電動機/發電機效能之必要邏輯；利用即時操作模式中之點火 角度預測，發展出對速度與轉矩/電流輸出之控制。 本發明之配置’會使自行啟動裝置顯示出從電動機轉矩乃 201032443 '至電動機外殼之平衡反應；然而，相較於習知技術之實施例， 本發明所揭示設計技術之實施例、建構及控制更顯示出架構簡 單、尺寸更小、重量輕盈、高轉矩輪出、高效能、低體精，動力 比、低成本/動力比以及低轉矩漣波等優點。本發明之電力控制 部份更較習知技術先進，能將原本一傳送動力至轉子轴桿之電 動機應用結構即刻轉換成為一效率高的電能產生系統。 【實施方式】 為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、和優點能更明顯易 ® 懂，配合所附圖式，作詳細說明如下，惟請注意本發明之目的 並非以此為限： 請參考第1圖至第5(a)、（b)、（c)圖顯示本發明之一實施 例，其電動機（馬達)/發電機性能適用於大型運輸工具，如：汽 車、公路貨車、越野車、自動礦業設備、水路推進系統、鐵路 推進系統之動力機具，並且能源循環具有正向設計之特性，能 有效降低驅動系統之能耗。如就重型工業電動機而言，本發明 可具有多方之應用，例如泵驅動、空壓機驅動以及運送裝置驅 G 動。如就重型工業發電機而言，本發明則可應用在風力渦輪 機、廢氣渦輪機、水力渦輪機、備用發電機及其他相似之機具 等。然’前述尚僅列舉因本發明電動機/發電機之性能，可應用 之眾多，非僅範例羅列爾爾。 請參考第1圖，即本發明之機構或多級可變磁阻電動裝置 /發電裝置10之一實施例。多級可變磁阻電動裝置/發電裝置10 包含定子（stator)、轉子組件（rotor assembly)以及外殼50。定子 具有複數段（segment)、複數級（級次；stage)或著複數結構 (construction)。轉子組件亦具有複數段（segnient)、複數級（級 次’ stage)或著複數結構（constructi〇n)。.於第1圖之此實施例 201032443 ^ 中，一般之構成係為三個獨立之定子結構20伴有三個獨立之 轉子結構30，與磁性材料之薄疊片以非導電性之被覆物分別區 隔，以防止磁漏並保持疊片間的傳導性，然#必定如此。轉子 係由複數個電磁轉子極35(rotor pole)所構成。電磁轉子極35 係對應相似數目，牢固於電磁線圈26之定子極25 °於一較佳 實施例中，電磁線圈26可為自動纏繞之銅製變壓器用配線所 覆蓋’纏繞披覆並包覆特殊機構之定子極25的實際外觀。當 如第2圖中所示般進行組裝時，定子極25及轉子極35之徑向 ❹ 面間會具有徑向空隙40(radial air gap)。徑向空隙4〇之尺寸形 狀係依據本發明相關之設計技術而定且待詳述於後。 如第1圖至第5圖中所示之機構10係詳述於Rlchardson 等人申請之美國專利第5,365，137號電動機之改良’其所揭橥 係於此以助清楚說明之參考。具體而言，本發明為美國專利第 5,365，137號之許多改良方式，其進一步提供更簡單之定子構成 架構，以縮小機構10之尺寸及複雜度；其能以相同裝置利用 外界機械動力以產生電力；其能利用導入轉子30之轉子極35 ❹ 偏斜角39，以減低轉矩漣波(torque ripple)、振動及噪音’其提 供封裝之外殻50不同之冷卻系統裝置，能具有如同對機構10 内部直接使用冷卻劑之效用；其提供之内部軸承（bearmg)32能 允許發展出較以往更大型結構之可能性。前述諸多改善將均於 後詳述。 固定於外殼50之軸承（bearings)32及軸封（seal)31係用以 支撐轉子之軸桿36，同時如圖所示並定義定子結構（stator structures)20 及定子極繞阻線圈（stator pole winding coils)26 之 間、級間間距（例如：相鄰定子結構20之間距或相鄰轉子結構 30之間距）或軸承内外位置的空間關係，並且外殼50亦同心地 12 201032443 一 支撐定子級（stator stages)、定子繞阻（stator windings)於操作期 間避免變形。轉子組件係同心地設置於軸桿36周邊。因外殼 50係相對於轴桿36同心地安裝，以維持定子極與轉子極間之 空隙（air gap)。間隔桿（spacer bars，未顯示）則設置於機構組件 内以維持各別定子級24間之間距與各別轉子級37間之間距。 端板（End plate)301係利用卡環（split rings)302固定轴桿36用 以維持轉子與電動機轴承之間距。 第3(a)圖顯示每一轉子結構30均透過轴桿具有之兩個鍵 ^ 槽（keyway)34固定於同心軸桿（concentric shaft)36，並且利用環 繞轴桿之楔鍵33嵌入固定之設計，使本發明操作時產生之力 矩能有效轉換。第3(b)圖顯示每一轉子級（rotor stage) 37具有 對應指定之鍵槽34，以使轉子級37環繞旋轉轴對應指定極部 相對於軸桿上之位置產生偏移（〇ffset)38。前述偏移之量測係以 相鄰轉子極35對應位置間之徑向差或偏移為對象。前述偏移 可即如第3(b)圖所示之角度38。此外亦能使轉子極35設置成 為各別轉子極35相對於機構1〇之軸桿36均具有偏斜角39 » © 轉子之偏移可視轉子極對與轉子級之數目而定。如圖中所 示之轉子偏移可為1〇度。並且轉子之偏斜亦為可變，圖中所 示之偏斜可為3〜5度之間。 根據本發明之另一實施例，如第3(c)圖所示之機構10，亦 能使各別之定子極25具有偏斜角3〇3。第3(旬圖顯示本發明另 一實施例’其中各別定子極25具有徑向偏移3〇5及3〇6，設置 於機構10之各別定子級24之間，以對應前述之轉子極偏移 38。比較第3(幻圖，如第3(句圖所示，藉由偏移定子級24，第 3(c)圖中之定子級間空隙3〇4能於軸桿方向明顯地縮短，而相 較於前案能有效地縮短定子總長（t〇tal stat〇r length)3〇7，亦即 13 201032443 ~ 所有轉子段（all stator segments)之總長，是以能縮短機構10之 總長。換言之，使定子極25或一定子級偏移，使其能設置於 相鄰定子級24之相鄰定子極25間。僅能藉由使每一轉子級37 之轉子極35產生偏移38，方能以此方式堆疊定子級24 ;則電 流於被激能定子（energized stator) 308之每一對相鄰之定子線 圈中，會以相反方向309，3 10流動。由於電流以相反方向流 動，是以能降低相鄰定子級24中未激能定子線圈（non-energized stator coils) 311中感應電流產生的可能性。轉子之偏移可視轉 φ 子極對與轉子級之數目而定。如圖中所示之轉子偏移可為18 度。並且轉子之偏斜亦為可變，圖中所示之偏斜可為3〜5度之 間。 如第4圖所示，複數個楔子（wedges) 26 (例如：可為酌·酸· 樹脂塑造），置入相鄰線圈捆束26於定子極25之上，以固定線 圈26。材料為Dacrorr^/MylarW/Dacron™之絕緣層23則置於線圈 繞阻（coil windings)25、定子20及定子極25之間，以避免與定 子20金屬可能發生之接觸而導致對線圈絕緣造成損害。當完 φ 整之定子組件組裝完成後，則會含浸於清漆(varnish)裏。 電動機/發電機冷卻 本發明之較佳實施例係利用以熱導材料形成之電動機/發 電機機構外殼（casing)50,以能傳導熱之方式，緊密地與機構定 子20連接。下述為本發明所採取之數個熱排方案： 第5(a)圖係顯示外殼50採用空冷之實施例，利用外部散 熱鰭片（cooling fins)51增加從機構定子結構20至外界大氣之 熱傳遞。於圖顯示空冷之實施例中，鰭片51由外罩（shroud)65 所環繞，利用風扇60導入空氣於形成之内部空間，通過鰭片 51與外罩65間。外罩65係固定於電動機之軸桿，鰭片51能 14 201032443 、 更進一步有助於外殼50之對流及輻射冷卻，是以能冷卻機構 10。 第5(b)圖係顯示外殼50採用内部冷卻通道（cooling passages)52之實施例，利用液態冷卻劑經由覆蓋之組件，相關 具有液體循環泵71及氡液熱交換器72之增壓液態冷卻循環 70，能更有效地提高定子20之熱散。利用管内節溫器73，能 使本發明之操作溫度維持於一預設溫度點。 第5(c)圖德顯示更增設喷嗔（spray nozzle)55至機構外殼 φ 50之液態冷卻劑通道，利用自機構内部之傳導及/或蒸發，以 更進一步提高熱排效率。配合内部液態冷卻劑喷嘴55，並提供 污水槽（sump)56，可收集液態冷卻劑，藉由相關具有液體/氣化 循環泉（liquid/vapour recirculation pump)76 及熱交換器 /冷卻器 (heat exchanger/condenser)77 之液體或氣化冷卻系統（liquid or vapour cooling system)75，能使喷灑冷卻劑57之凝結或霧氣能 排出機構外殼。 請參照第6圖及機構外殼50,顯示對較大尺寸之機構’利 ❹ 用内部軸承（internal bearings)32對習知技術之改良。内部轴承 32係設置於機構10兩端之間，於此機構外殼設計之實施例中， 係利用具有内部冷卻通道52之可分離式外殼59。可分離式外 殼59能便於對内部軸承32及轴承支件（bearing support) 33進 行檢查或移除/置換。外殼螺栓53則能依據設計規格組裝並上 扭矩，以確保機構之結構整體性。轴承支件33之一端連接至 外殼50，另一端則支撐内部轴承32，使其與軸桿36接觸。 雷動機/發電機雷力供給 第7圖係顯示本發明對每一定子級24之主要電流供給22 分為兩半部，每一半部供給特定定子級24中相對之定子極25。 15 201032443 此改進不但能縮小機構外殼50内電導體之尺寸，同時消除當 供給/接受定子級24電力控制中，斷電（power down)時產生之 反電動勢電流（back EMF currents) 〇 電動機/發雷機掇組化「Modelling 本發明具有多種用途，對於每一種用途（電動及/或發電）碟 切之效能規格並無法預設’而需發展一可靠方法，以確認決定 性之用途設計特徵，以符合應用之特定效能需求。本發明模組 化任何應用型態的效能之方法包括定義操作之決定範圍 ❹ （critical regions)。例如，若應用本發明於一具有恒轉矩（eonstant torque)範圍及恆動力（constant p〇wer)範圍之牵引電動機 (traction motor)，電動機10之基速（base speed)則如第8(a)圖所 示定義為兩範圍之交叉點。由第8(a)圖可知，本發明之漸進響 應代表伴隨一”恒動力”範圍之一線性衰減”恒轉矩”範圍。值得 一提的是，若如第8(a)圖中之漸進效能地圖所飨示，本發明之 牵引應用能於一非常短之期間内傳送密集之峰值力矩。 本發明之基速代表對機構及其電子控制裝置而言均為最 φ 有效率之範圍，因此必須考量機構效能與總體效能以謹慎選擇 此點。本發明之機電設計（electro/mechanical design)須依據特定 規格所需之轉矩（動力），確定或選擇基速。於前述轉矩相對轉 速（torque vs· rpm)之平面上，基速可為任意點。然當基速越遠 離原點，總線電壓(bus voltage)即需增加。再者，亦可減少機構 之線圈阻數（coil turns)，維持總線電壓，增加級電流。 極速（maximum speed)則藉由有效場變弱導致不可測之機 構效能範圍來定義。本發明之操作應限制在極速之下。 根據經驗法則，極速可由下列關係式定義： 16 3201032443201032443 ' VI. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention pertains] Shuming a variable-speed motor, in particular, a multi-stage variable reluctance mechanism capable of high-efficiency operation, namely a high-torque motor and a high-efficiency generator Design, construction, cooling and control. [Prior Art] The present invention relates to the structure of an electromechanical device, that is, a well-known variable reluctance motor. The motor converts electrical energy into power and torque through an electromagnetic structure that surrounds a fixed stator and a rotor that rotates inside it. In general, the stator of the prior art is constructed of a plurality of discreetly disposed circular projections or poles, and the pole portions are directed inward toward the rotor. The opposing rotor is configured to extend outwardly toward the stator pole. In order to ensure self-starting, the design of the variable reluctance generator must make a certain sub-pole always facing a rotor element, so there is a difference between the plurality of stator poles and the rotor pole (pitch ). When each power-on cycle is sequentially energized, each of the opposite poles of the stator poles generates a magnetic field that attracts the closest rotor pole to align with one of the energized stator poles. Produces rotation and torque. Therefore, at any point in the power-up procedure, only one pole pair will be in the correct position (due to the difference between the stator pole and the rotor pole), so that only a lower torque can be obtained. Therefore, compared with the size of the device for stabilizing the operation efficiency, the manufacturer will probably make a device exceeding this size to achieve the aforementioned stable operation efficiency, resulting in large torque chopping effect due to deformation, vibration, noise, and torque output of the casing. (torque ripple effect) and the problem of low electric efficiency in the working range of the motor. 4, 2010, 443, pp. The moment is chopped and the purpose of other common casing deformations is avoided. With this configuration, the rotor system is divided into segments or stages (stages). Each stage has a rotor pole that is different from angle but continuously set to allow self-starting. By energizing all of the rotor poles in the first-order and sequentially energizing each of the stages, the motor starts spontaneously to produce higher torque, lower torque ripple, vibration, and chewing. Other rotating motor configurations can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,927,524, 6,762,524, 6,617,746, 5,433,282, 5,727,560, and 5,365,137. The switching circuit can be found in U.S. Patent Nos. 5,115,181, 5, 4, 4, 〇 91 and 5, 012, 177. The variable reluctance generator control system and control method are shown in U.S. Patent No. 5,545,964 and U.S. Patent No. 4,143,308. U.S. Patent No. 7, 〇〇 9, 36 〇 ® discloses a control method for a variable reluctance generator. U.S. Patent No. 5,509,710 discloses the use of a method of controlling a variable reluctance generator in response to a rotor angular position signal. A method of controlling a variable reluctance generator is also disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 7,250,734 and U.S. Patent No. 6,864,658. U.S. Patent No. 31,950 discloses that the pole position is skewed relative to the rotor shaft. Also, U.S. Patent No. 4,67,696, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Cooling systems for variable reluctance generators can be found in U.S. Patent No. 4,947, '% 7,193,342% ^ % 6,815,848 ^ '% 7,244,110 旒 No. 7,156,195, No. 6,897,584, No. 7,091,635, 201032443 w 6,300,693, 5,372,213, 2,824,983, 3,663,127, 3,518,468, 4,743,176, and 5,222,874. U.S. Patent No. 6,153,956 discloses a circuit having a first computing device with a look up table. The lookup table is used to provide a relationship between the reference flux linkage value phase current and the shaft angle. U.S. Patent No. 7,230,361 discloses a method for determining the design of an electronic device based on the analysis of a key design equation, the key design equation system being able to obtain an axial direction with optimized torque at a given speed. Void. U.S. Patent Publication Nos. 2005/0162031 and 2005/0099082 disclose the provision of a pole skew or circumferential arrangement. The present invention proposes to cooperate with improved design techniques to optimize the configuration, construction, performance, control and cooling of the motor/generator, so that the motor 7 generator can generate high torque, low torque ripple, low vibration and low The need for voice. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide an improved multi-stage variable reluctance motor/Q generator and a method of manufacturing and designing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide a multi-stage variable reluctance motor/generator comprising: a shaft having a rotating shaft; a plurality of spaced stages arranged around the rotating shaft; each stage having the same number The stator pole and the rotor pole ' are used to define a stator-rotor pole pair symmetrically disposed around the rotating shaft with a gap therebetween; and a first power supply device for simultaneously energizing all of the stator poles of the first stage during the selected period; a second power supply device for repeatedly energizing all of the stators of the stages other than the level; wherein each of the stators and rotor pairs in the stages has substantially the same physical characteristics and electromagnetic characteristic. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a plurality of multi-level variable 201032443* magnetoresistive devices having a plurality of spaced levels arranged around a rotating shaft, wherein each One stage has the same number of stator poles and rotor poles for defining a pair of stator and rotor poles symmetrically disposed about the axis of rotation with a gap therebetween, the method comprising: selecting a single stator and rotor pair for each stage; The single stator-to-rotor pair is selected from the group of physical and electromagnetic characteristics of a single stator and rotor pair of the stage; and the stage is fabricated according to the standard of the single stator and rotor pair All the stator poles and rotor poles. φ Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for optimizing the physical characteristics and electromagnetic characteristics of a multi-stage variable reluctance device having a plurality of spaced levels arranged in rotation Around the shaft, each of the stages has the same number of stator poles and rotor poles for defining a pair of stator and rotor poles symmetrically disposed about the axis of rotation with a gap therebetween. The system includes: storing each level in the memory Single stator and rotor pair specifications; calculated from the characteristics of the single stator and rotor pair of the physical and electromagnetic characteristics of the class, the selected single stator and rotor pair standard; and the use of calculations Step, determine all the stator poles and rotor poles of this stage Φ times. The present invention also provides a variable torque device having a modification to the winding wiring to increase the output of the low speed torque and the base speed operating characteristics of the present invention. On the other hand, the electromagnetic characteristics of the coils in each stage of the present invention maximize the low-speed torque output of the device while improving the base speed and maximum speed performance characteristics of the device. Compared with the conventional multi-stage variable reluctance motor device, the present invention has more advantages in terms of design technology, construction, control and performance. The motor according to the present invention has a plurality of stages, and each stage of the rotor and stator segments are provided with the same number of poles, and more advanced design techniques are utilized to optimize the configuration, construction, performance, cooling, and control of the apparatus of the present invention. Due to the succinct nature of the present invention and the associated magnetic structure, the development of the design elements of the present invention or the development of specialized, highly advanced computational modular design techniques required to accurately predict the performance of the mechanism, Meet the wide range of design needs. The design technique of the present invention is advantageous in that, in order to cope with various applications, all components of the present invention can be accurately modularized (plasticized) for their required physical, thermodynamic, and electromagnetic characteristics to optimize overall performance. Therefore, the present invention is an improvement in the construction of many related devices, which not only reduces the overall complexity, but also effectively improves the torque generating performance and the overall gymnastics performance. The invention utilizes multi-stage, each stage has the same number of stator and 〇 rotor parts, wherein the second-order stator pole and the corresponding-stage rotor pole constitute respective pole pairs, and all pole pairs are in the same manner Align. The present invention has many important improvements over the Richardson patent. The stator portion of each stage is a laminated magnetic element that constitutes the pole structure of the back iron and the stator portion. In a preferred embodiment, each stage of the stator portion is integrally formed as an annular laminated stator portion. The electromagnetic coil fixed to each stator pole is a mechanically wound device that can be mass-produced and easily assembled into the inside of the mechanism. When the coils fixed to the stator poles of each stage are energized synchronously, the power distribution of φ in the mechanism is simple and straightforward. The present invention can further reduce the power distribution system in each level by dividing the power supply into two equal parts. Through the aforementioned halved branches, part of the electrical energy is passed to the plurality of coils assigned by the stages. During operation, the currents of adjacent coils in a given level are equal, so as with other motor configurations, there is no possibility of a short circuit. The stator structure of the present invention has a smaller, more simplified, and lighter construction than the Richardson patent. Moreover, the stator structure of the present invention provides a more efficient heat discharge to the apparatus, thereby further increasing the packing density of the structure of the present invention. Each rotor stage of the present invention is also comprised of a laminated magnetic element, including an outer pole structure and a connection to the shaft, as required by the performance characteristics of the mechanism. In a preferred embodiment 8 201032443 - in the embodiment, each of the rotor stages is a ring-shaped laminated magnetic element as a whole. The rotor poles of each stage are arranged in a radial manner, and the stages are arranged along the axis of the present invention, so that they are stable at all times. Due to the combination of the plurality of stages and the displacement angle of the rotor pole, the order of the rotor poles is correctly aligned with the order of the corresponding stator poles, and a plurality of gaps are formed between the pole pairs. When the stator coils are energized, the electromagnetic position is The circuit attracts all properly aligned rotor poles to the corresponding stator poles, rotating the rotor assembly and transmitting torque to the rotor shaft. Once the rotation begins, the successive stages are correctly aligned, so that the power supply control logic and circuit components of the present invention can be advanced to the next level of the present invention to ensure smooth and continuous transmission of torque between stages. Rotate the shaft and rotate it. Conversely, when it is rotated by an external mechanical power source to correctly align the pole pairs, the synchronous low-level energization voltage is supplied to the corresponding-order stator coil, which causes the stator coil of the stage to generate a large current. . In addition to the current generated by the continuous-stage rotor coil, only the external mechanical power source is continuously supplied to the shaft, which is capable of generating continuous power. In particular, the present invention is characterized in that each stage of the rotor poles is skewed along the axis of rotation. In the case of a customized component, each successive lamination increases the magnetic mass of Φ times per rotor stage, the laminations are radially arranged and the sub-rotor poles are deflected. Since the rotor pole is inclined at an angle with respect to the stator pole, the gap between the pole pairs is overlapped. If the stator and rotor pole pairs are connected in parallel to energize the respective stator poles, the magnetic resistance between the pole pairs is gradually reduced. . Similarly, when the order of the rotor poles is gradually moved away from the magnetic field of the corresponding energized stator poles, the magnetoresistance of the gaps gradually decreases. In operation, the skewed rotor pole angle is shown to further reduce the energy level of the torque ripple/current ripple generated from the primary transfer of electrical/mechanical energy to the next stage. The rotor radius, the number of poles, the length of the pole portion, the width of the pole portion, the thickness of the iron guard, the number and thickness of the laminate, and the size and shape of the electromagnetic coil are all determined in accordance with the design technique 201032443 of the present invention. The input values (designed target values) of the design techniques of the present invention include, but are not limited to, required output torque/current, required motor/generator speed range, space limitations for size limits, input/output voltage, and wheeling /Output current. The structure of the present invention allows the assembly to be cooled in an efficient mechanism when the associated energy consumption of the present invention occurs primarily in the winding of the stator. The supportive shell consisting of lightweight, rigid, and highly thermally conductive materials is tightly coupled to the machine stator in a manner that conducts heat. Depending on the particular needs of the invention or the use of presets, the cooling system of the present invention may employ, but is not limited to, forced air cooling, pressurized liquid cooling, Φ air blowing nozzle cooling, and the like. For larger applications, the housing of the inventive mechanism allows for further improvements over the patent No. 5,365,137. The concept of the inner bearing inside the outer casing of the mechanism of the present invention can support the shaft with a smaller diameter than the conventional one, that is, a high torque/current output can be developed. The introduction of the internal bearing of the mechanism of the present invention makes it possible to develop a large structure with high torque/current output. The operation of the present invention requires the correct timing and control of the power transfer to/from the various stages of the present invention; the magnetic quantity of the present invention during the timing of controlling the present invention and the amount of power delivered to/from each stage The resistance is changed indefinitely to produce speed and torque/current output for specific design uses. The rotor radius, the minimum length, the coil size, and the cooling method are all variable factors that can change the size and performance of the present invention during design to suit a variety of applications. In addition, the design techniques of the present invention can replicate timing and power input/output to optimize control logic and circuit control associated with the present invention. As part of the design technique of the present invention, a specific control logic has utilized the dynamic bus voltage to develop the necessary logic to control the performance of the motor/generator; using the ignition angle prediction in the immediate mode of operation to develop the speed and torque / Current output control. The configuration of the present invention 'will cause the self-starting device to exhibit an equilibrium response from the motor torque of 201032443' to the motor casing; however, embodiments, constructions and embodiments of the disclosed design techniques are compared to prior art embodiments. The control also shows the advantages of simple structure, smaller size, light weight, high torque rotation, high efficiency, low body precision, power ratio, low cost/power ratio and low torque ripple. The power control portion of the present invention is more advanced than the prior art and can instantly convert an electric motor application structure that transmits power to the rotor shaft into an efficient electric energy generating system. The above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent and understood. Referring to Figures 1 through 5(a), (b), (c), an embodiment of the present invention is shown, the motor (motor) / generator performance is suitable for large vehicles such as automobiles, road wagons, off-road vehicles. Vehicles, automatic mining equipment, waterway propulsion systems, power propulsion systems for railway propulsion systems, and the energy cycle have a positive design feature that can effectively reduce the energy consumption of the drive system. As in the case of heavy duty industrial electric motors, the present invention can be used in a variety of applications, such as pump drives, air compressor drives, and conveyor drives. For heavy industrial generators, the invention can be applied to wind turbines, exhaust turbines, hydro turbines, backup generators, and the like. However, the foregoing is merely illustrative of the many applications that can be applied to the performance of the motor/generator of the present invention, not just the example of Roller. Please refer to Fig. 1, which is an embodiment of the mechanism or multi-stage variable reluctance electric device/power generating device 10 of the present invention. The multi-stage variable reluctance electric device/power generating device 10 includes a stator, a rotor assembly, and a casing 50. The stator has a complex segment, a complex level (stage), or a complex structure. The rotor assembly also has a segnient, a complex stage (stage) or a complex structure (constructi). In the embodiment 201032443^ of Fig. 1, the general configuration is that three independent stator structures 20 are accompanied by three independent rotor structures 30, and the thin laminated sheets of magnetic material are separated by non-conductive coverings. Separate to prevent magnetic leakage and maintain the conductivity between the laminations, then # must be so. The rotor is composed of a plurality of rotor poles 35 (rotor poles). The electromagnetic rotor pole 35 corresponds to a similar number and is fixed to the stator pole 25 of the electromagnetic coil 26. In a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic coil 26 can be covered by a wire for automatic winding copper transformers. The actual appearance of the stator poles 25. When assembled as shown in Fig. 2, there is a radial air gap between the radial faces of the stator pole 25 and the rotor pole 35. The dimensional shape of the radial gap 4 is determined in accordance with the design technique of the present invention and will be described in detail later. The mechanism 10, as shown in Figures 1 through 5, is described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 5,365,137, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. In particular, the present invention is a number of modifications of U.S. Patent No. 5,365,137, which further provides a simpler stator construction to reduce the size and complexity of the mechanism 10; it can utilize external mechanical power to produce the same device Power; it can utilize the rotor pole 35 偏 skew angle 39 of the lead rotor 30 to reduce torque ripple, vibration and noise. It provides a different cooling system for the outer casing 50 of the package, and can have the same The effect of direct use of coolant inside the mechanism 10; its internal bearing (bearmg) 32 allows for the possibility of developing larger structures than ever before. Many of the aforementioned improvements will be detailed later. Bearings 32 and seals 31 fixed to the outer casing 50 are used to support the shaft 36 of the rotor, and as shown and define stator structures 20 and stator pole coils (stator poles) Winding coils) 26, the inter-stage spacing (eg, the distance between adjacent stator structures 20 or the distance between adjacent rotor structures 30) or the spatial relationship between the inner and outer positions of the bearing, and the outer casing 50 is also concentrically 12 201032443 a supporting stator level ( Stator stages), stator windings to avoid deformation during operation. The rotor assembly is concentrically disposed about the periphery of the shaft 36. The outer casing 50 is mounted concentrically with respect to the shaft 36 to maintain an air gap between the stator pole and the rotor pole. Spacer bars (not shown) are disposed within the mechanism assembly to maintain the distance between the respective stator stages 24 and the respective rotor stages 37. An end plate 301 is secured to the shaft 36 by split rings 302 to maintain the distance between the rotor and the motor bearing. Fig. 3(a) shows that each of the rotor structures 30 is fixed to a concentric shaft 36 through two keyways 34 of the shaft, and is embedded and fixed by a wedge key 33 surrounding the shaft. The design is such that the torque generated during the operation of the present invention can be effectively converted. Figure 3(b) shows that each rotor stage 37 has a corresponding designated keyway 34 such that the rotor stage 37 is offset from the position of the designated pole relative to the shaft about the axis of rotation (〇ffset) 38 . The aforementioned offset measurement is based on the radial difference or offset between the corresponding positions of adjacent rotor poles 35. The aforementioned offset may be the angle 38 as shown in Fig. 3(b). In addition, the rotor poles 35 can be arranged such that the respective rotor poles 35 have a skew angle with respect to the shaft 36 of the mechanism 1 » » » The offset of the rotor can be determined by the number of rotor pole pairs and rotor stages. The rotor offset shown in the figure can be 1 degree. And the deflection of the rotor is also variable, and the deflection shown in the figure can be between 3 and 5 degrees. According to another embodiment of the present invention, the mechanism 10 as shown in Fig. 3(c) can also have the respective stator poles 25 having a skew angle of 3?3. 3 (Turning diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention in which respective stator poles 25 have radial offsets 3〇5 and 3〇6, disposed between respective stator stages 24 of the mechanism 10 to correspond to the aforementioned rotor Polar offset 38. Compare 3 (phantom, as shown in the third sentence (in the sentence diagram, by shifting the stator level 24, the inter- stator gap 3〇4 in the 3(c) figure can be obvious in the direction of the shaft The shortening of the ground can effectively shorten the total length of the stator (T〇tal stat〇r length) 3〇7, that is, 13 201032443 ~ the total length of all stator segments, so that the mechanism 10 can be shortened. In other words, the stator poles 25 or a certain number of stages are offset so that they can be placed between adjacent stator poles 25 of adjacent stator stages 24. Only by biasing the rotor poles 35 of each rotor stage 37 By shifting 38, the stator stage 24 can be stacked in this manner; then current flows in each of the adjacent pairs of stator coils of the energized stator 308, flowing in opposite directions 309, 3 10 . Directional flow is to reduce the sense of non-energized stator coils 311 in adjacent stator stages 24 The possibility of current generation. The offset of the rotor can be determined by the number of φ sub-pole pairs and the number of rotor stages. The rotor offset can be 18 degrees as shown in the figure, and the deflection of the rotor is also variable. The deflection shown in the figure may be between 3 and 5 degrees. As shown in Fig. 4, a plurality of wedges 26 (for example, may be molded as a resin/resin), placed in adjacent coil bundles 26 Above the stator pole 25, the coil 26 is fixed. The insulating layer 23 of the material of the Dacrorr^/MylarW/DacronTM is placed between the coil windings 25, the stator 20 and the stator pole 25 to avoid the stator. The contact of the metal may cause damage to the coil insulation. When the finished stator assembly is assembled, it is impregnated in varnish. Motor/generator cooling The preferred embodiment of the invention is utilized A motor/generator mechanism casing 50 formed of a thermally conductive material is closely coupled to the mechanism stator 20 in a manner that conducts heat. The following are several heat rejection schemes employed by the present invention: 5(a) The figure shows an embodiment in which the outer casing 50 is air-cooled, utilizing external heat dissipation. Cooling fins 51 increase heat transfer from the mechanism stator structure 20 to the outside atmosphere. In the embodiment shown in the air cooling, the fins 51 are surrounded by a shroud 65, which is introduced into the interior space by the fan 60. Between the fins 51 and the outer cover 65. The outer cover 65 is fixed to the shaft of the motor, and the fins 51 can 14 201032443, further contributing to the convection and radiant cooling of the outer casing 50, and the cooling mechanism 10. Figure 5(b) shows an embodiment in which the outer casing 50 employs internal cooling passages 52, with liquid coolant passing through the covered assembly, associated with pressurized liquid cooling of the liquid circulation pump 71 and the sputum heat exchanger 72. The cycle 70 can more effectively increase the heat dissipation of the stator 20. With the in-tube thermostat 73, the operating temperature of the present invention can be maintained at a predetermined temperature point. Figure 5(c) shows a liquid coolant channel with a spray nozzle 55 to the outer casing φ 50, which utilizes conduction and/or evaporation from the inside of the mechanism to further improve the heat rejection efficiency. Cooperating with the internal liquid coolant nozzle 55 and providing a sump 56 for collecting liquid coolant by means of a liquid/vapour recirculation pump 76 and a heat exchanger/cooler (heat) The liquid or vapour cooling system 75 of the exchanger/condenser 77 enables the condensation or mist of the spray coolant 57 to be discharged from the mechanism casing. Referring to Figure 6 and the mechanism housing 50, it is shown that the mechanism for the larger size is improved with the conventional bearings 32. The inner bearing 32 is disposed between the ends of the mechanism 10, and in the embodiment of the mechanism housing design, a detachable outer casing 59 having an internal cooling passage 52 is utilized. The detachable housing 59 facilitates inspection or removal/replacement of the inner bearing 32 and the bearing support 33. The housing bolts 53 can be assembled and torqued according to design specifications to ensure structural integrity of the mechanism. One end of the bearing support member 33 is coupled to the outer casing 50, and the other end supports the inner bearing 32 to be in contact with the shaft 36. Thunder Drive/Generator Thunder Force Supply Figure 7 shows the main current supply 22 for each stator stage 24 of the present invention divided into two halves, each half being supplied to an opposite stator pole 25 in a particular stator stage 24. 15 201032443 This improvement not only reduces the size of the electrical conductors within the body casing 50, but also eliminates the back EMF currents generated during power down of the supply/acceptance stator stage 24 power control. "Modelling The invention has a variety of uses, and the performance specifications for each type of application (electric and/or power generation) are not preset" and a reliable method is needed to confirm the decisive use design features. Depending on the specific performance requirements of the application, the method of the present invention for modularizing the performance of any application includes defining critical regions of operation, for example, if the invention is applied to an eonstant torque range and In the constant power range of the traction motor, the base speed of the motor 10 is defined as the intersection of the two ranges as shown in Fig. 8(a). By 8(a) As can be seen, the progressive response of the present invention represents a range of linear attenuation "constant torque" with a "constant power" range. It is worth mentioning that, as shown in Figure 8(a) The progressive performance map shows that the traction application of the present invention can deliver dense peak torques over a very short period of time. The base speed of the present invention represents the most efficient range for the mechanism and its electronic control devices. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully consider the mechanism performance and overall performance. The electro/mechanical design of the present invention must determine or select the base speed according to the torque (power) required for a specific specification. On the plane of the speed (torque vs. rpm), the base speed can be any point. However, as the base speed is farther from the origin, the bus voltage needs to be increased. Moreover, the coil resistance of the mechanism can also be reduced (coil Turn), maintain the bus voltage, increase the level current. The maximum speed is defined by the weak field of the effective field resulting in unmeasurable mechanism performance. The operation of the present invention should be limited to the extreme speed. According to the rule of thumb, the speed can be The following relationship definitions: 16 3201032443

< 換言之’極速應小於或等於基速之！ 5 〇%。 當本發明作為牵引電動機之型態應用時，峰值轉矩下降 (peak torque roll-off)係由第8(a)圖中之位於恆峰值轉矩範圍與 恆動力範圍之交又點R〇定義。而由於此範圍内之轉矩漸近下 降，有時接近轉折點之機構峰值操作並無法實現。 對於作為牵引電動機之型態應用而言，根據對機構系統效 © 能之多方初步評估，而產生如第8(b)圖所示之效能範圍地圖。 揭示一優異之功耗機構必然與電子控制電路之相關轉換功耗 息息相關，需用盡心思，方能建構一能於機構額定操作包絡 (nominal operating envelope)中各方面能耗最小適當之機電設 計。因此，若藉由使用設計工具能使對本發明特定實施例之設 計簡單、相對地容易。 本發明可在一適當之模組化環境中，發展機構之基線機械 幾何尺寸’利用選定變數之最佳化而將靜態轉矩之產生簡化表 〇 達’以達成所需之機構效能。 設計固定變數： •最大線圈電流（Maximum Coil Current; Icoil) •機構外捏（Machine Outer Diameter; Rod) •機構驅動軸直徑（Machine Driveshaft Diameter; Rsh) •機構極數（Number of Machine Poles; NP) •機構額定空隙長度（Machine Nominal Air-Gap Length; G) 效能最佳化選定之變數： β 设 s十常數（Design Constants; Κι，Κ2，Κ3) 17 201032443 •機構堆叠長度（Machine Stack Length; SL) •核心材料特性（Core Material Properties) •總線電壓（Bus Voltage; VBus) •線圈阻數/幾何尺寸（Coil Turns & Geometry; N，Xc〇ii， Yc〇ii) •轉子偏斜角 Rotor Skew Angle (as) 進行評估之機構效能： • 機構轉矩包絡/轉矩下降（Machine Torque Envelope & φ R〇li-〇ff) •最大起始轉矩（Maximum Starting Torque) •機構效率（Machine Efficiencies) • 控制器額定伏安最小化 （Minimization of Controller Volt-Ampere Rating) •機構飽和特性（Machine Saturation Characteristics; Peak Operational Conditions) •機構操作溫度（Machine Operating Temperatures) φ 由於本發明機構必然之對稱性，每一級次均係完全獨立， 並且該些級次能以第9(a)圖所示之單一極對模組完整表達。每 一級次具有相同之定子極與轉子極，各級次依序通電。 於一實施例中，線圈設計係由下述定義參數開始： •方均根級電流：（RMS stage current; Istage);固定 •繞阻匝數：（Number of winding turns; N);可變 一旦決定一適當之方均根級電流（Istage)之後，繞線直徑及 絕緣厚度即能基於以單一直徑（Dw)表示特定機構之操作環境 而決定。 基於空隙大小（定義為定子齒部（突出部位）總寬度、定子齒 18 201032443 部深度以及定子齒部與轉子齒部距離）、磁核心（magnetic core properties)特性、磁核心幾何尺寸（magnetic core geometry)、所 欲之最大操作速度（總線電壓之函數）以及操作轉矩，便能選擇 基線繞阻匝數（baseline winding turns; N)。此變數使機構設計具 有最佳之優點，必需審慎評估此特定參數之效力。 如第9(b)圖所示，線圈幾何尺寸（coil geometry)必須設計 使定子極齒部接觸面積最大而使前述齒部總距離最小。因此， 線圈尺寸應以長方形為較佳，例如以Yc<m為長邊。 φ 一旦匝數總數及每層匝數決定，線圈尺寸則可由下列關係 式決定： LCoii ^Lctyer -1) * sin(60°)+1]* Dw ^Coil #Turns< In other words, the extreme speed should be less than or equal to the base speed! 5 〇%. When the present invention is applied as a traction motor type, a peak torque roll-off is defined by the intersection of the constant peak torque range and the constant power range in point 8 (a). . Since the torque in this range is asymptotically decreasing, sometimes the peak operation of the mechanism close to the turning point cannot be achieved. For the type of application as a traction motor, a performance range map as shown in Figure 8(b) is generated based on a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the system system. It is revealed that an excellent power consumption mechanism is inevitably related to the related conversion power consumption of the electronic control circuit, and it is necessary to use all thoughts to construct an electromechanical design that can minimize the energy consumption in all aspects of the nominal operating envelope of the mechanism. Thus, the design of a particular embodiment of the present invention can be made simple and relatively easy by the use of design tools. The present invention simplifies the generation of static torque by the optimization of selected variables in a suitable modular environment by developing the baseline mechanical geometry of the mechanism to achieve the desired mechanical performance. Design fixed variables: • Maximum Coil Current; Icoil • Machine Outer Diameter; Rod • Machine Driveshaft Diameter (Rsh) • Number of Machine Poles (NP) • Machine Nominal Air-Gap Length; G) Efficiency Optimized Selected Variables: β Set s ten constant (Design Constants; Κι, Κ 2, Κ 3) 17 201032443 • Mechanism Stack Length; SL • Core Material Properties • Bus Voltage (VBus) • Coil Turns &Geometry; N, Xc〇ii, Yc〇ii • Rotor Skew Rotor Skew Angle (as) The effectiveness of the organization to be evaluated: • Mechanism Torque Envelope & φ R〇li-〇ff • Maximum Starting Torque • Machine Efficiency (Machine Efficiencies • Minimum Imitation of Controller Volt-Ampere Rating • Machine Saturation Character Istics; Peak Operational Conditions) φ Due to the inevitable symmetry of the mechanism of the present invention, each level is completely independent, and the stages can be single as shown in Figure 9(a). The pole pair module is fully expressed. Each stage has the same stator pole and rotor pole, and each stage is energized sequentially. In one embodiment, the coil design begins with the following defined parameters: • RMS stage current; Istage; fixed number of winding turns; (N); variable once determined After a suitable square root current (Istage), the winding diameter and the thickness of the insulation can be determined based on the operating environment of the particular mechanism expressed by a single diameter (Dw). Based on the gap size (defined as the total width of the stator tooth (protruding part), the stator tooth 18 201032443 depth and the stator tooth and rotor tooth distance), magnetic core properties, magnetic core geometry ), the desired maximum operating speed (a function of the bus voltage) and the operating torque, the baseline winding turns (N) can be selected. This variable gives the organization the best advantage, and the effectiveness of this particular parameter must be carefully evaluated. As shown in Figure 9(b), the coil geometry must be designed to maximize the contact area of the stator teeth and minimize the total distance of the teeth. Therefore, the coil size should preferably be a rectangle, for example, Yc < m is the long side. φ Once the total number of turns and the number of turns per layer, the coil size can be determined by the following relationship: LCoii ^Lctyer -1) * sin(60°)+1]* Dw ^Coil #Turns

Layer 2y 定子疊片（stator lamination)設計則係由下列定義參數開 始： •定子# 片外徑：（Stator Lamination Outer Radius; R〇d); e 岐 •極數：（Number of Poles; Np);固定 • 中心線之線圈至定子頂端最大間隙：（Maximum coil to stator p〇le tip clearance at center line; Zmin);固定 • 線圈尺寸：（Coil Dimensions; Xc〇ii，Ycoii);可變 • 定子線圈對半定子極寬度比：（Ratio of stator core width to half s.tator pole width; K^);可變 •極角度對極間距比：（Ratio of pole angle to pole pitch; K2); 可變 下列方程式係用於究整定義定子疊片之幾何尺寸： 19 (1) 201032443 注意•於此例中所有尺寸單位係為公分（cm) 2π (Rsc)2 ~f+Xc〇u \ HRs+z^+Yc〇af 2The Layer 2y stator lamination design begins with the following defined parameters: • Stator #片外外径: (Stator Lamination Outer Radius; R〇d); e 岐•Number of poles: (Number of Poles; Np); Fixed • center coil to stator tip maximum clearance: (Maximum coil to stator p〇le tip clearance at center line; Zmin); fixed • coil size: (Coil Dimensions; Xc〇ii, Ycoii); variable • stator coil (Ratio of stator core width to half s. tator pole width; K^); variable ratio of pole angle to pole pitch (K2); The equation is used to determine the geometry of the stator laminations: 19 (1) 201032443 Note • All dimensions in this example are in centimeters (cm) 2π (Rsc)2 ~f+Xc〇u \ HRs+z^ +Yc〇af 2

Rs · sinRs · sin

CWS=K, 2 結合前地 如下：CWS=K, 2 combined with the previous place as follows:

Hcws ΤΗ s - - Rs 方程式之結果’有關定子半徑（rs)之二級方 (2) (3) (4) (5)(6) 種式 U^+B.Jis+C = 0 其中之 數係可由下述關係式根據已知量表達 鲁 利用 如 1 + 0-尤丨2).sin2(· (XCall +KrR〇D)· sin^^- + 2-(^+7^) C = XCoU + (^min + Ycoilf ~-^〇 次方程式即能決定定子半徑（Rs)(注意；取正值） - B i: jB2 - (4 · A · C)Hcws ΤΗ s - - The result of the Rs equation 'The second order of the stator radius (rs) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) The formula U^+B.Jis+C = 0 It can be expressed by the following relationship according to the known quantity. For example, 1 + 0-You丨2).sin2(·(XCall +KrR〇D)· sin^^- + 2-(^+7^) C = XCoU + (^min + Ycoilf ~-^〇 equation can determine the stator radius (Rs) (note; take a positive value) - B i: jB2 - (4 · A · C)

RsRs

2-A (3)-⑹#7。子半徑（RS)為已知，其他之尺寸即能由前述方 程式 注意： 足： 為確保相鄰線圈不會發生重疊，下述方程式 20 201032443 空隙（air gap)40之尺寸主要依據機構尺寸及其應用而定。 雖然空隙為最敏感且為設計需求最主要之參數，下述關係式則 為配合製作公差及機械變形之考量之基線近似值，為機構尺寸 之函數。注意：於此實施例中空隙之單位為毫米（mm)。 G = (0.7112)·2-A (3)-(6)#7. The sub-radius (RS) is known, and other dimensions can be noted by the above equation: Foot: To ensure that adjacent coils do not overlap, Equation 20 below 201032443 The size of the air gap 40 is mainly based on the size of the mechanism and Depending on the application. Although the void is the most sensitive and the most important parameter for design requirements, the following relationship is a baseline approximation for the tolerances and mechanical deformation considerations and is a function of the size of the mechanism. Note that the unit of the void in this embodiment is millimeter (mm). G = (0.7112)·

Rs \ U4.732； 轉子疊片（rotor lamination)設計則係由下列定義參數開 始： •定子半徑··（Stator Radius; Rs);固定 •驅動軸桿半徑：（Driveshaft Radius; RSh);固定 • 轉子極高度對極間距比：（Ratio of rotor pole height to pole pitch; K3);可變 下列方程式係用於完整定義轉子疊片之幾何尺寸： 注意：於此例中所有尺寸單位係為公分（cm)Rs \ U4.732; The rotor lamination design begins with the following defined parameters: • Stator Radius (Rs); Fixed • Drive Shaft Radius: (Driveshaft Radius; RSh); Fixed • The ratio of the rotor pole height to pole pitch (K3); the following equation is used to completely define the geometry of the rotor lamination: Note: In this example, all dimensions are in centimeters ( Cm)

Rr=Rs-G THr=K,-Rr-®pRr=Rs-G THr=K,-Rr-®p

Rrc = Rr—THr CWR = Rrc — Rsh 注意··為使最大核心效能（maximum core efficiency)最佳 化，核心寬度（CWR)應滿足下述關係式：Rrc = Rr—THr CWR = Rrc — Rsh Note · In order to optimize the maximum core efficiency, the core width (CWR) should satisfy the following relationship:

CWR > CWS 由於本發明必然之對稱性，一完整之磁路（magnetic path) 可被解析如第9(c)圖所示之等效電路。 透過封閉磁路環（closed magnetic circuit loop)作用於驅動 21 201032443 ' 通量（drive Flux)之總磁動勢（Magneto-Motive Force; 3肠,）係由 下述關係式定義： 其中感應係數Ufe))為相對轉子角度（relative rotor angle; 4)之函數，由下述關係式定義： lM= (2-N)2 识Γ〇ω/ (θ« ) 由極對對轉子產生之轉矩（Torque; 7>d )為繞阻電流CWR > CWS Due to the inevitable symmetry of the present invention, a complete magnetic path can be resolved as shown in Figure 9(c). The total magnetomotive force (Magneto-Motive Force; 3 intestine) of the drive flux is applied to the drive 21 201032443 by a closed magnetic circuit loop. The relationship is defined by the following relationship: where the inductance Ufe )) is a function of the relative rotor angle (4), defined by the following relationship: lM = (2-N)2 Γ〇 ω / (θ« ) The torque generated by the pole pair on the rotor ( Torque; 7>d) is the winding current

(winding current; /Cetf)之函數，由下述關係式定義： 丁 -lc〇a_ dL{0R、The function of (winding current; /Cetf) is defined by the following relation: D - lc〇a_ dL{0R,

M 一-T deR 第10(a)圖表示用於定義相對轉子角度（¾)之座標系統。途 中顯示當轉子軸（rotor axis)與磁軸（magnetic axis)完全對齊或 為第10(a)圖所示12點鐘方向時，空隙區域（air gap area)為最 大。 空隙之橫截面積區域係根據計算定子及轉子極頂端（tip)所 規範該區域之表面積分而決定，以下述關係式表示： 4j>max = = - 0.5 · G) · (SF · SL) · ps 忽略邊緣通量（fringing)的影響，空隙之橫截面積區域為相 對轉子角度（仏）之函數，呈線性變化：M-T deR Figure 10(a) shows the coordinate system used to define the relative rotor angle (3⁄4). On the way, when the rotor axis is perfectly aligned with the magnetic axis or at 12 o'clock as shown in Fig. 10(a), the air gap area is the largest. The cross-sectional area of the void is determined by calculating the surface integral of the region specified by the stator and the rotor tip, expressed by the following relationship: 4j > max = = - 0.5 · G) · (SF · SL) Ps ignores the effect of fringing, the cross-sectional area of the gap is a function of the relative rotor angle (仏), which varies linearly:

Ps Δ 總等效回路空隙磁阻（total equivalent circuit air_gap reluctance)亦為相對轉子角度（θ«)之函數，由下述關係式表示： ⑽春·’ 〇υ<β^ 22 201032443 其中未對齊轉子角度（unaligned rotor angle; %)由下述關 係式決定： Θ 假定機構為逆時針方向轉動，推動區域(Motoring Region) 係定義為當相對轉子角度（&)介於下述範圍内時： θν<θκ<^~Ps Δ Total equivalent circuit air_gap reluctance is also a function of the relative rotor angle (θ«) and is expressed by the following relationship: (10) Spring·' 〇υ<β^ 22 201032443 where the unaligned rotor The angle (unaligned rotor angle; %) is determined by the following relationship: 假定 The mechanism is assumed to rotate counterclockwise, and the motoring region is defined as when the relative rotor angle (&) is within the following range: θν&lt ;θκ<^~

正反饋區域（Regeneration Region)則定義為當相對轉子角 度（¾)介於下述範圍内時：The Regeneration Region is defined as when the relative rotor angle (3⁄4) is within the following range:

2 R \2 R \

J 忽略漏電感（leakage inductances)並假定磁核心具有無限 之導磁性（permeability)，當轉子軸（rotor axis)與磁軸（magnetic axis)完全對齊時，會產生最大等效回路電感（maximuin equivalent circuit inductance) > 由下述關係式定義：J ignores leakage inductances and assumes that the magnetic core has infinite permeability. When the rotor axis is perfectly aligned with the magnetic axis, it will produce the maximum equivalent loop inductance (maximuin equivalent circuit). Inductance) > is defined by the following relationship:

_ (2^)2 _ (2-Nf ·μ0 jRs-0.5-G) jSF-SLyfiK 謹一识 ❹ 其中等效回路電感為相對轉子位置之函數，由下述關係式 定義： θυ<θκ<^~ 前述關係式可預測當轉子位於未對齊位置（％)時，電感為 零，但實際上於此位置時，電感係為一有限值^ 由等效回路極對（equivalent circuit pole pair)產生之峰值 轉矩，由下述關係式定義： J _ ^Coil ^{^r) _ -^max ' ^Coil _ ' Μ〇 ' {^S ~ * 〇)· {SF · SL)_ (2^)2 _ (2-Nf ·μ0 jRs-0.5-G) jSF-SLyfiK ❹ ❹ ❹ where the equivalent loop inductance is a function of the relative rotor position, defined by the following relationship: θυ<θκ<^ ~ The above relationship predicts that the inductance is zero when the rotor is in the unaligned position (%), but in practice, the inductance is a finite value ^ generated by the equivalent circuit pole pair The peak torque is defined by the following relationship: J _ ^Coil ^{^r) _ -^max ' ^Coil _ ' Μ〇' {^S ~ * 〇)· {SF · SL)

fld~ 2 deR ~ 2·β8 4^G 23 201032443 總級次峰值轉矩（total stage peak torque;心）可由下述關 係式決定. τμ^·τμ 有時，機構設計會需對轉子加入機械性偏斜角 39(mechanical skew)。機械性偏斜角會影響機構產生之轉矩波 形。如第10(b)圖所示，會於空隙之重疊區域降低機械性偏斜角 39的影響。 第10(b)圖中之陰影區域可由下述式子計算得出： "(O.sX.SF-^tanfe) ^ . 4 = JciS = Λ5(〇.5Χ5^·5Ζ)3Γ〇8Ϊη 其中淨有效空隙區域(net effective air gap area)由下述方 程式決定： 4,max = AG,m3X -A'g= (SF-SL) {Rs -0.5G)^s -i?5(〇.5)arcsin (〇’5乂狀 SF)idii{as)Fld~ 2 deR ~ 2·β8 4^G 23 201032443 The total level peak torque (total stage peak torque; heart) can be determined by the following relationship. τμ^·τμ Sometimes, the mechanism design needs to add mechanical properties to the rotor. 39 skew (mechanical skew). The mechanical skew angle affects the torque waveform generated by the mechanism. As shown in Fig. 10(b), the influence of the mechanical skew angle 39 is reduced in the overlap region of the void. The shaded area in Figure 10(b) can be calculated from the following equation: "(O.sX.SF-^tanfe) ^ . 4 = JciS = Λ5(〇.5Χ5^·5Ζ)3Γ〇8Ϊη The net effective air gap area is determined by the following equation: 4,max = AG,m3X -A'g= (SF-SL) {Rs -0.5G)^s -i?5(〇.5 )arcsin (〇'5乂 SF) idii{as)

_ V 定子磁阻（stator reluctance)可被分解為兩個獨立磁阻，由 下述方程式定義： ❿ « _ ^ _2-(THs+0.5-CWs) 51 M-TWs-(SF^SL) 识-_[cS2_ 52 M'AcS2 μ-CWsiSF-SL) 總定子磁阻（total stator reluctance)則由下述式子得出： +¾ - 1 [2机+0.5瑪）丨(4-0·5.Ο^).Θ/ R1 R2 [ TWR CWR _ 總核心磁阻（total core reluctance)則由下述式子得出： 91_ V Stator reluctance can be decomposed into two independent reluctances, defined by the following equation: ❿ « _ ^ _2-(THs+0.5-CWs) 51 M-TWs-(SF^SL) _[cS2_ 52 M'AcS2 μ-CWsiSF-SL) The total stator reluctance is obtained by the following equation: +3⁄4 - 1 [2 machine + 0.5 mA) 丨 (4-0·5. Ο^).Θ/ R1 R2 [ TWR CWR _ total core reluctance is derived from the following equation: 91

Core μ.[SF-SL、 2_Core μ.[SF-SL, 2_

rTHs+0.5-CWS ΤΗR+0.5-CWR TWS +~"""TWR +rTHs+0.5-CWS ΤΗR+0.5-CWR TWS +~"""TWR +

^OD I ^RC cws CWR ΘΡ 24 201032443 • 忽略漏電感（leakage inductances)，當轉子轴（rotor axis)與 磁轴（magnetic axis)完全對齊時，會產生最大等效回路電感 (maximum equivalent circuit inductance)，由下述關係式定義： 1+ 其中等效回路電感為相對轉子位置之函數，由下述關係式 定義： ® 由等效回路極對（equivalent circuit pole pair)產生之峰值 轉矩（仏），由下述關係式定義： Τ' - Icou . dL (^) _ Ίΐ〇α^OD I ^RC cws CWR ΘΡ 24 201032443 • Ignore leakage inductances, which produce maximum equivalent circuit inductance when the rotor axis is perfectly aligned with the magnetic axis. , defined by the following relationship: 1+ where the equivalent loop inductance is a function of the relative rotor position, defined by the following relationship: ® Peak torque (仏) generated by the equivalent circuit pole pair , defined by the following relationship: Τ' - Icou . dL (^) _ Ίΐ〇α

2 deR 總級次峰值轉矩（total Stage peak torque; 4)可由下述關 係式決定： 由於本發明必然之對稱性（亦即每一級次中均具有相同數 ® 目之定子極25與轉子極24)，本發明機構之每一級次均係完全 獨立’並且該些級次能以第9(a)圖所示之等效之突出模組完整 表達。圖中係表示一定子極25與一轉子極24之組合，以構成 通電時，有關每一定子/轉子極對之一基本磁回路，即顯示本發 明為一特定設計評估’而固定了不同元件之間各種尺寸關係的 一種可能之幾何關係。亦由於此對稱性，完整之磁路可被解析 為如第9(c)圖所示之等效電路，研究如第8(a)圖所示關於角度 動作（angular motion)及空隙4〇效應對效能之影響。簡言之，本 發明之設計技術可歸約為如第9(a)及9(c)圖所顯示之模擬環 25 201032443 • 境。 模組化設計（Modelling Design)係能利用一簡單之磁性設 計元件，包括一定子極及其相對轉子極，其並與轉子直徑、定 子繞阻安匝數（winding ampere turns)、空隙大小、轉子極長度、 定子極長度、定子極與轉子極之相對角度移動、定子護鐵（back iron)厚度、轉子底部深度以及軸桿直徑均有關。 當參數確認後，利用有限元件分析（Finite Element Analysis; FEA)軟體程式，能用於模擬當改變對定子繞阻所供給電能時之 φ 磁通量及產生之力量/電流。 利用數學程式則能算出機構中每一級次所有極部產生之 磁通量及力量/電流之總合。 根據本發明中所建立之電動機/發電機控制規範，當以一控 制程序對機構之三個級次通電時，響應面模型（Response Surface Model)能對一給定條件之多級可變磁阻電動機/發電機 進行模擬並映射產生之磁通量及力量/電流。 電動機/發電機控制器 ❿ 本發明之較佳實施例所具有之電能控制系統包括電子開 關設備（electrical switchgear)、感測元件（感測轉子位置、電壓、 電流、電感、轉矩及溫度）、可編程控制器以及採用可支援級電 感值切換，以透過機構之操作範圍調節轉矩的控制演算法之軟 體。制動（braking)或正反饋（regeneration)均利用延遲級繞阻點 火角度（firing angle)來達成。 特別的是，本發明之控制系統包括比例積分控制器（PI Controller)、點火角度控制器（Firing Angle Controller)、選通控 制器（Gating Controller)，用以傳送適當之選通信號至Η橋 (H-bridge)選通信號，以驅動多級磁阻電動機（Multi Stage 26 2010324432 deR total stage peak torque (4) can be determined by the following relationship: Due to the inevitable symmetry of the present invention (that is, the stator pole 25 and the rotor pole of the same number in each stage) 24) Each stage of the mechanism of the present invention is completely independent 'and these levels can be fully expressed by the equivalent protruding module shown in Figure 9(a). In the drawings, a combination of a certain sub-pole 25 and a rotor pole 24 is shown to constitute a basic magnetic circuit for each stator/rotor pole pair when energized, that is, the present invention is shown as a specific design evaluation' while different components are fixed. A possible geometric relationship between various dimensional relationships. Also due to this symmetry, the complete magnetic circuit can be resolved into an equivalent circuit as shown in Fig. 9(c), and the effect of the angular motion and the void 4〇 effect as shown in Fig. 8(a) is studied. The impact on performance. In short, the design techniques of the present invention can be reduced to analog loops 25 201032443 as shown in Figures 9(a) and 9(c). Modelling Design can utilize a simple magnetic design component, including a certain sub-pole and its relative rotor pole, which is related to the rotor diameter, the winding ampere turns, the gap size, and the rotor. The length of the pole, the length of the stator pole, the relative angular movement of the stator pole and the rotor pole, the thickness of the stator back iron, the depth of the rotor bottom, and the diameter of the shaft are all related. When the parameters are confirmed, the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software program can be used to simulate the φ magnetic flux and the generated force/current when changing the power supplied to the stator winding. Using a mathematical program, you can calculate the sum of the magnetic flux and force/current generated by all poles in each stage of the mechanism. According to the motor/generator control specification established in the present invention, when the three stages of the mechanism are energized by a control program, the Response Surface Model can multi-level variable reluctance for a given condition. The motor/generator simulates and maps the resulting magnetic flux and force/current. Motor/generator controller 电能 The power control system of the preferred embodiment of the invention includes an electrical switchgear, a sensing component (sensing rotor position, voltage, current, inductance, torque, and temperature), Programmable controller and software that uses a control algorithm that supports the switching of the inductor level to adjust the torque through the operating range of the mechanism. Braking or positive regeneration is achieved by using a delay stage to achieve a firing angle. In particular, the control system of the present invention includes a proportional integral controller (PI Controller), a firing angle controller (Firing Angle Controller), and a gating controller (Gating Controller) for transmitting appropriate strobe signals to the bridge ( H-bridge) strobe signal to drive multi-stage reluctance motor (Multi Stage 26 201032443

Reluctance Motor)，即 MSRM。 於第11圖係顯示一典型編碼器控制形式之實施範例，其 中轉子位置係直接自電動機轴桿（motor shaft)取得。轉子位置資 訊回饋至一積分器，配合所需之速度，傳送一錯誤訊號至該些 控制器單元。比例積分控制器（PI Controller)係以非連續時間方 式作動，根據接受之速度錯誤訊號產生所需之轉矩。點火角度 控制器（Firing Angle Controller)則根據所需轉矩配合實際速度 及總線電壓，用以決定最佳點火角度及峰值繞阻電流，以產生 φ 所欲之轉矩。如第12圖所示，點火角度（θοη與0off)係定義為 當供給繞阻電流時之轉子角度位置。轉子位置係可由内插法得 自固定於軸桿之編碼器或可由數學外插法得自先前或當下繞 阻電流狀態之結果電流波形。當下轉子位置、供給之總線電壓 及轉子旋轉速度用以配合數學方程式及/或查找表（Look up table)，來決定繞阻激發（winding excitation)之適當On及Off 角度。 此些角度係為動態（dynamic)方式利用前述之資訊，而有利 〇 於轉子之效能及效率。 第13圖中顯示之波形係表示繞阻激磁於啟動”on”之週 期。於此補充說明，其亦與轉動期間之非整流絕緣柵雙極電晶 體（Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor; IGBT)相關。 第14圖係顯示無編碼器控制形式之一實施例。於此實施 例中，位置估測單元（Position Estimator Block)能查看通過繞阻 之電流並確知機構之通量關聯狀態，以及決定一極對之角度位 置。將此資訊反饋至選通控制器（Gating Controller)，進一步整 合後得出機構之估測速度。 由於此技術於低速操作及啟動期間可能會效能較差，位置 27 201032443 ' 估測單元便可利用整流選通訊號之頻率，決定即時瞬間電感， 並以此決定角度位置。 若導入i(t)，則可省略能提供最精確的高速估測之位置估 測單元，而僅利用選通訊號即能進行位置估測。此一較新方法 能降低處理器需求，實現一成本較低廉之設計》 有關本發明之前述内容顯示一内部縱向軸之外殼，其能支 撐内部複數轉子組件之旋轉，並且能支撐同心固定之軸桿。轴 桿則能支撐並使轉子組件能轉動。此外，外殼使内部定子相對 © 於轉手之旋轉動作，固定於靜態之位置，並且提供機構内部熱 散外部及内部之冷卻。再者，外殼同時亦支撐内含之至少兩個 軸承/轴封（bearing/seal)組件，承受其重量及轉子組件產生之力 量。 複數個定子組件分別具有整體重量及相對機構旋轉軸一 確定之長度，其由具磁渗透（magnetically permeable)、各別絕 緣（individually insulated)之金屬疊片所構成，以使複數個定子 極朝向機構之旋轉軸中心，平均地環繞外殼中心軸分布，相互 〇 支托且由一般支托結構或護鐵分隔。 複數個轉子組件分別具有整體重量及相對機構旋轉軸一 破定之長度，其亦由具磁渗透（magnetically permeable)、各別 絕緣（individually insulated)之金屬疊片所構成，以使複數個轉 子極以機構旋轉軸為中心朝外，以徑向間距相同之方式分布。 電磁線圈組件（electro-magnetic coil assemblies)可由具高 傳導性之材料所構成，其形式可為繞線、薄片或條狀物》線圈 組件之數目與每一定子組件中之定子極數目相同。線圈組件係 緊繞著每一定子組件中之每一定子極而構成，僅留下朝向極面 朝向中心之部分未被纏繞。 28 201032443 於本發明之一實施例中，任兩相鄰定子極繞阻係以相反極 性纏繞，以消去前述線圈產生之總磁通量的一半，以形成第9(c) 圖中之等效電路。 本發明之一模式係關於一能透過轉子轴桿提供轉矩至一 機械載荷之機構。 於一發電機模式中，機械動力輸入來源係透過主軸桿傳遞 至轉子，配合可利用產生電能之一電力負載及/或可存儲產生電 能存儲之系統使用。 φ 於本發明之一具有三級次之實施例中，可為前述每一級次 具有一定子組件與一轉子組件。於每一級組件中較佳之結構例 如可具有12個定子極與12個轉子極。 再者，例如：每一不同轉子級之極部可在結構上相互偏移 一 10度之徑向角度（以前述三級次、12極結構為例），並且每一 不同轉子級之極部均相對旋轉軸偏斜一預定之角度。 於本發明之一實施例中，可設置轉子環繞定子。 有關前述本發明揭示之多級可變磁阻電動機/發電機之設 φ 計技術主要包括： (a) —簡單之磁性設計元件，包括一定子極及其相對轉子 極，其並與轉子直徑、定子繞阻安匝數（winding ampere turns)、 空隙大小、轉子極長度、定子極長度、定子極與轉子極之相對 角度移動、定子護鐵（back iron)厚度、轉子底部深度以及軸桿 直徑均有關。 (b) 有限元件分析（Finite Element Analysis; FEA)軟體程 式，能用於模擬當改變對定子繞阻所供給之電能時之磁通量及 產生之力量/電流。 (c) 數學程式，能算出機構中每一級次所有極部產生之磁 29 201032443 通量及力量/電流之總合。 (d)響應面模型（Response Surface Model)，根據本發明中 所建立之電動機/發電機控制規範，當以一控制程序對機構之三 個級次通電時，能對一給定條件之多級可變磁阻電動機/發電機 進行模擬並映射產生之磁通量及力量/電流。 前述本發明揭示電動機/發電機外殼設計之多樣性，以熱導 材料形成之電動機/發電機機構外殼，使其以能傳導熱之方式， 緊密地與機構定子連接。並且具有數個熱排方案，例如：多樣 φ 性之散熱鰭片，設置於外殼表面，有助於外殼之對流及輻射冷 卻；增加外罩包覆外部鰭片，於外殼、鰭片及外罩間形成可進 行強制空冷之空間；多樣性之内部通道或管路，利用液態冷卻 劑配合泵及熱交換器使用，對外殼排熱；多樣性之内部通道配 合内部喷嘴，利用液態冷卻劑或蒸發冷卻劑配合泵及熱交換器 /冷卻器，對外殼排熱。 前述本發明亦揭示一電能控制系統包括電子開關設備 (electrical switchgear)、感測元件（感測轉子位置、電壓、電流、 @ 電感、轉矩及溫度）、可編程控制器以及採用可支援級電感值切 換，以透過機構之操作範圍調節轉矩的控制演算法之軟體。制 動（braking)或正反饋（regeneration)均利用延遲級繞阻點火角度 (firing angle)來達成0 如前所述，本發明每一級次中之線圈係以相同方式纏繞且 並聯通電，以實現對裝置適用之多樣利用，能確切地定義一定 之基速及基本輸出轉矩/輸出電流。線圈電流直接有助於裝置内 之轉矩產生。於一選定之轉矩輸出及基本操作速度，總線電壓 與級次電流則可設定為其之額定值，額定後便可決定裝置内之 裝置控制器之額定規格及電導體規格。 30 201032443 而當應用於短期間内需高於額定之轉矩輪出時，於機構内 以超出電導體之規格處理較高之電流負載，並無法允許改善裝 置之峰值輸出操作。然而，装置内空間及熱傳導之限制會避免 使用裝置之最大效能。並且，對各別之應用而言，電能控制系 統係為裝置設計於特殊效能需求所額定之基本電壓/電流操 作。若要求大於控制系統所需之輸出電流，控制系統亦將超出 規格，而必須於短期間内增加裝置之轉矩輸出，而影響此些應 用之效能效率與生產成本。 ® 於本發明之一實施例中，如關於裝置之每一級次中之線圈 並聯。當線圈為並聯時，線圈電流為基本級次電流之ι/Νρ(其 中Np為極數目）。當給定一總線電壓時，由於能達成一較高之 基速，因此對裝置之並聯安排為較佳。然而由於等效級電感與 電阻較低，並聯之線圈於低速時可能會產生問題，因此增加轉 換功耗及轉矩漣波效應（t〇rqUe ripple effects) 〇 是以裝置需為特殊應用而構成，視裝置之額定及瞬間設計 需求’決定各別級線圈並聯（如前述）或串聯。 G 當線圈串聯時’線圈電流能接近基本級次電流，因此能達 成非常高之起始轉矩。若級線圈串聯，於一給定之總線電壓/ 電流下，控制系統之設計能產生較大之轉矩。串聯之線圈具有 較高之等效級電感及電阻，因此能對轉換功耗及轉矩漣波效應 (torque ripple effects)有所改善，但會降低裝置之基速設計。 於本發明之另一實施例中，各別之級線圈組均可於並聯或 串聯模式下操作。並且可視設計上之特殊需求，於每一級次中 將線圈配置於一串聯鏈中，或於每一級次中將一組線圈為並聯 後’再將各组線圈相互串聯。 並聯操作與串聯操作間之切換可採取機械方式或電子方 31 201032443 式控制，此類切換當然亦可以採取械方式或電子方式之輸入。 如第16(a)圖及第16(b)圖所示，本發明電路部份之一實施 例，顯示本發明典型三級次之複數個線圈中之三個。其為裝置 每一級次中之線圈1(400)、線圈2(4〇1)以及線圈3(4〇2)。每一 線圈均具有線圈之繞阻方向4〇3，每一線圈具有交替之旋轉， 以使相鄰線圈之繞組具有相反之纏繞方向。 第16(a)圖係顯示並聯時之線圈繞阻方向，切換開關4〇4 則將電流導向每一線圈之相同邊。切換開關4〇4於一實施例中 〇 可為一機械開關，利用裝置之旋轉速度操作；或者，切換開關 4〇4於一實施例中亦可為一電子開關’利用流經切換開關之電 流操作’電流則會遵循繞組403之方向。 第16(b)圖係顯示串聯時之線圈繞阻方向，切換開關4〇5 則將電流導向每一線圈之相反邊。切換開關4〇5於一實施例中 可為一機械開關，利用裝置之旋轉速度操作；或者，切換開關 4〇5於一實施例中亦可為一電子開關，利用流經切換開關之電 流操作。 ® 於第16(b)圖中，電流起始於左下角，其中線圈400、線圈 401以及線圈402具有不同壓降之相同電流。 雖然本發明已就較佳實施例揭露如上，.然其並非用以限定 本發明。本發明所屬技術領域中具有通常知識者，在不脫離本 發明之精神和範圍内，當可作各種之變更和潤飾。因此，本發 明之保護範圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係顯示本發明三級可變磁阻機構主要零件之爆炸圖。 第2圖係本發明機構第1圖中之組件於已組裳狀態之縱向 剖面圖。 32 201032443 . 第3(a)圖係本發明機構中一個級次之主要零件之橫剖面 圖。 第3(b)圖係本發明機構三級轉子之平面圖，顯示該些轉子 級逐一組合並使轉子極相對於旋轉軸偏斜。 第3(c)圖係顯示本發明具有偏斜定子極的三級轉子之平面 圖。 第3(d)圖係顯示本發明具有徑向偏移定子極的三級轉子之 平面圖。 © 第4圖係轉子對及定子線圈組件製作部件之放大橫剖面圖。 第5(a)圖至第5(c)圖係為可用於外殼冷卻設計之數個實施 例。 第6圖係顯示具有内部軸承之機構外殼之一實施例。 第7圖係本發明機構中一個級次及其電力饋送接線之橫剖 面圖。 第8(a)圖係顯示本發明之漸進效能關係圖。 第8(b)囷係顯示本發明結合之系統效能關係圖。 Ο 第9(a)圖係顯示本發明代表所有級次具有之單一極對模 組。 第9(b)圓係顯示本發明轉子線圈之橫剖面圖。 第9(c)圖係顯示本發明之等效電路圖。 第10(a)圖係本發明相對角度參考系統之橫剖面圖。 第l〇(b)圖係顯示轉子極機構偏斜一實施例之平面圖。 第11圖係顯示典型編碼器控制形式之實施例。 第12圖係顯示點火角度對轉子極角度位置之關係圖。 第13圓係顯示繞阻激磁於啟動，，on”週期之波形圖。 第14圖係顯示非編碼器控制形式之實施例。 33 201032443 第15圖係顯示電動機/發電機設計成形程序之流程圖。 第16(a)圖係顯示並聯時之線圈繞阻方向及電性連接。 第16(b)圖係顯示串聯時之線圈繞阻方向及電性連接。Reluctance Motor), ie MSRM. An example of a typical encoder control format is shown in Figure 11, in which the rotor position is taken directly from the motor shaft. The rotor position information is fed back to an integrator to transmit an error signal to the controller units at the desired speed. The proportional-integral controller (PI Controller) operates in a non-continuous time mode to generate the required torque based on the accepted speed error signal. The firing angle controller (Firing Angle Controller) is used to determine the optimum ignition angle and peak winding current according to the required torque and the actual speed and bus voltage to generate the desired torque of φ. As shown in Fig. 12, the ignition angle (θοη and 0off) is defined as the rotor angular position when the winding current is supplied. The rotor position can be obtained by interpolation from an encoder fixed to the shaft or a resulting current waveform that can be derived from a previous or current winding current state by mathematical extrapolation. The lower rotor position, the supplied bus voltage, and the rotor rotational speed are used to match the mathematical equations and/or look up tables to determine the proper On and Off angles of the winding excitation. These angles utilize the aforementioned information in a dynamic manner, which is beneficial to the efficiency and efficiency of the rotor. The waveform shown in Fig. 13 indicates the period during which the winding is excited to "on". In addition, it is also related to the non-rectifying insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) during rotation. Figure 14 shows an embodiment of the encoderless control form. In this embodiment, the Position Estimator Block can view the current through the winding and determine the flux correlation state of the mechanism and determine the angular position of the pole pair. This information is fed back to the Gating Controller and further integrated to determine the estimated speed of the organization. Since this technology may perform poorly during low-speed operation and startup, position 27 201032443 ' Estimation unit can use the frequency of the rectifier selection communication number to determine the instantaneous instantaneous inductance and determine the angular position. If i(t) is imported, the position estimation unit that provides the most accurate high-speed estimation can be omitted, and the position estimation can be performed using only the selection communication number. This newer method can reduce processor requirements and achieve a lower cost design. The foregoing description of the present invention shows an inner longitudinal shaft housing that can support the rotation of the internal plurality of rotor assemblies and can support a concentrically fixed shaft. Rod. The shaft can support and rotate the rotor assembly. In addition, the outer casing fixes the inner stator relative to the rotation of the hand, fixes it to a static position, and provides external and internal cooling of the heat dissipation inside the mechanism. Furthermore, the outer casing also supports at least two bearing/seal components contained therein to withstand the weight and the force generated by the rotor assembly. The plurality of stator assemblies each have an overall weight and a determined length of the mechanism rotation axis, and are formed of magnetically permeable, individually insulated metal laminations such that the plurality of stator poles face the mechanism The center of the rotating shaft, evenly distributed around the central axis of the casing, is mutually supported and separated by a general support structure or a back iron. The plurality of rotor assemblies each have an overall weight and a length that is opposite to the rotational axis of the mechanism, and is also composed of a magnetically permeable, individually insulated metal laminate such that a plurality of rotor poles The rotating shaft of the mechanism is centered outward and distributed in the same radial pitch. Electro-magnetic coil assemblies may be constructed of highly conductive materials in the form of windings, sheets or strips. The number of coil assemblies is the same as the number of stator poles in each stator assembly. The coil assembly is constructed to surround each stator pole of each stator assembly, leaving only the portion facing the center toward the pole face unwound. 28 201032443 In one embodiment of the invention, any two adjacent stator pole windings are wound in opposite polarities to eliminate half of the total magnetic flux produced by the coils to form an equivalent circuit in Figure 9(c). One mode of the present invention relates to a mechanism that provides torque to a mechanical load through a rotor shaft. In a generator mode, the source of mechanical power input is transmitted through the main shaft to the rotor for use with a system that produces an electrical load of electrical energy and/or can store stored electrical energy. φ In one embodiment of the invention having three stages, each of the stages may have a certain subassembly and a rotor assembly. A preferred configuration for each stage of the assembly can have, for example, 12 stator poles and 12 rotor poles. Furthermore, for example, the poles of each different rotor stage may be structurally offset from each other by a radial angle of 10 degrees (take the aforementioned three-stage, 12-pole structure as an example), and the poles of each different rotor stage Both are skewed by a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of rotation. In an embodiment of the invention, the rotor may be arranged to surround the stator. The φ meter technology of the multi-stage variable reluctance motor/generator disclosed in the present invention mainly includes: (a) a simple magnetic design element including a certain sub-pole and its opposite rotor pole, and the rotor diameter, Winding ampere turns, gap size, rotor pole length, stator pole length, relative angular movement of the stator pole and rotor pole, stator back iron thickness, rotor bottom depth, and shaft diameter related. (b) The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) software program can be used to simulate the magnetic flux and the resulting force/current when changing the electrical energy supplied to the stator winding. (c) A mathematical program that calculates the magnetic force produced by all poles in each stage of the organization. 29 201032443 The sum of flux and power/current. (d) Response Surface Model, according to the motor/generator control specification established in the present invention, when the three stages of the mechanism are energized by a control program, the multi-level can be given for a given condition. The variable reluctance motor/generator simulates and maps the resulting magnetic flux and force/current. The foregoing invention discloses the versatility of the motor/generator housing design in which the motor/generator housing is formed of a thermally conductive material that is intimately coupled to the mechanism stator in a manner that conducts heat. And there are several heat-discharging schemes, for example, a variety of heat-dissipating fins, which are disposed on the surface of the outer casing to facilitate convection and radiant cooling of the outer casing; and the outer cover covers the outer fins to form between the outer casing, the fin and the outer cover. Space for forced air cooling; diverse internal passages or pipelines, using liquid coolant in combination with pumps and heat exchangers to dissipate heat from the enclosure; diverse internal passages with internal nozzles, using liquid coolant or evaporative coolant With the pump and heat exchanger / cooler, heat the housing. The foregoing invention also discloses a power control system including an electrical switch gear, a sensing component (sensing rotor position, voltage, current, @inductance, torque, and temperature), a programmable controller, and a supportable inductor. The value is switched to control the software of the torque control algorithm through the operating range of the mechanism. Braking or positive regeneration utilizes a delay stage to achieve a firing angle of 0. As previously stated, the coils in each stage of the present invention are wound in the same manner and energized in parallel to achieve The various applications of the device can accurately define a certain base speed and basic output torque / output current. The coil current directly contributes to the torque generated within the device. For a selected torque output and basic operating speed, the bus voltage and the level current can be set to their rated values. After rating, the rated specifications and electrical conductor specifications of the device controller in the device can be determined. 30 201032443 And when applied to torques that are higher than the rated torque for a short period of time, handling higher current loads within the organization beyond the specifications of the electrical conductors does not allow for improved peak output operation of the device. However, the limitations of the space and heat transfer within the device avoid the maximum performance of the device. Also, for individual applications, the power control system is the basic voltage/current operation that the device is designed to meet specific performance requirements. If the required output current is greater than the control system, the control system will also exceed the specifications, and the torque output of the device must be increased in a short period of time, which affects the efficiency and production costs of these applications. In one embodiment of the invention, the coils in each stage of the device are connected in parallel. When the coils are connected in parallel, the coil current is ι/Νρ of the basic level current (where Np is the number of poles). When a bus voltage is given, a parallel arrangement of the devices is preferred because a higher base speed can be achieved. However, due to the lower equivalent inductance and lower resistance, parallel coils may cause problems at low speeds, so the conversion power consumption and torque ripple effect (t〇rqUe ripple effects) are increased. Depending on the rated and instantaneous design requirements of the device, it is determined that the individual coils are connected in parallel (as described above) or in series. G When the coils are connected in series, the coil current can approach the basic level current, so a very high starting torque can be achieved. If the stage coils are connected in series, the control system can be designed to generate a large torque at a given bus voltage/current. The series coils have higher equivalent inductance and resistance, which can improve the switching power consumption and torque ripple effects, but reduce the basic speed design of the device. In another embodiment of the invention, the respective sets of coils can be operated in parallel or series mode. And in the special design of the visual design, the coils are arranged in a series chain in each stage, or a group of coils are connected in parallel in each stage, and then the sets of coils are connected in series with each other. Switching between parallel operation and series operation can be done mechanically or electronically. This type of switching can of course also be entered mechanically or electronically. As shown in Figures 16(a) and 16(b), an embodiment of the circuit portion of the present invention shows three of the plurality of coils of a typical three-stage order of the present invention. It is a coil 1 (400), a coil 2 (4〇1), and a coil 3 (4〇2) in each stage of the device. Each coil has a coil winding direction of 4 〇 3, and each coil has alternating rotations such that the windings of adjacent coils have opposite winding directions. Figure 16(a) shows the direction of coil winding in parallel, and switch 4〇4 directs current to the same side of each coil. In one embodiment, the switch 4〇4 can be a mechanical switch that operates using the rotational speed of the device; or, in one embodiment, the switch 4〇4 can also be an electronic switch that utilizes a current flowing through the switch. Operation 'current will follow the direction of winding 403. Figure 16(b) shows the direction of coil winding in series, and switch 4〇5 directs current to the opposite side of each coil. In one embodiment, the switch 4〇5 can be a mechanical switch that operates using the rotational speed of the device. Alternatively, the switch 4〇5 can also be an electronic switch in one embodiment, operating with a current flowing through the switch. . ® In Figure 16(b), the current starts at the lower left corner, where coil 400, coil 401, and coil 402 have the same current for different voltage drops. Although the present invention has been disclosed above in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the scope of the appended claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is an exploded view showing main parts of a three-stage variable reluctance mechanism of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view showing the assembly of the first embodiment of the mechanism of the present invention in the assembled state. 32 201032443 . Fig. 3(a) is a cross-sectional view of the main part of one stage of the mechanism of the present invention. Figure 3(b) is a plan view of the tertiary rotor of the mechanism of the present invention showing that the rotor stages are combined one by one and the rotor poles are deflected relative to the axis of rotation. Fig. 3(c) is a plan view showing a three-stage rotor having a skewed stator pole of the present invention. Fig. 3(d) is a plan view showing the three-stage rotor of the present invention having a radially offset stator pole. © Figure 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the rotor pair and stator coil assembly components. Figures 5(a) through 5(c) are several examples of designs that can be used for housing cooling. Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a mechanism housing with internal bearings. Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of one stage of the mechanism of the present invention and its power feed wiring. Figure 8(a) is a graph showing the progressive performance relationship of the present invention. Section 8(b) shows a system performance diagram in conjunction with the present invention. Ο Section 9(a) shows that the present invention represents a single pole pair module that all stages have. The 9th (b) circle shows a cross-sectional view of the rotor coil of the present invention. Figure 9(c) shows an equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention. Figure 10(a) is a cross-sectional view of the relative angle reference system of the present invention. Fig. 1(b) is a plan view showing an embodiment in which the rotor pole mechanism is deflected. Figure 11 shows an embodiment of a typical encoder control format. Figure 12 is a graph showing the relationship between the ignition angle and the rotor angular position. The 13th circle shows the waveform of the on-excitation on the start, on" cycle. Figure 14 shows an embodiment of the non-encoder control form. 33 201032443 Figure 15 shows the flow chart of the motor/generator design forming program Figure 16(a) shows the coil winding direction and electrical connection in parallel. Figure 16(b) shows the coil winding direction and electrical connection in series.

❹ 【主要元件符號說明】 10 多級可變磁阻電動機/發電機 20 定子結構 22 主要電流供給 23 絕緣層 24 定子級 25 定子極 26 線圈 30 轉子結構 31 轴封 32 轴承 33 楔鍵 34 鍵槽 35 轉子極 36 軸桿 37 轉子級 38 偏移 39 偏斜角 40 空隙 50 外殼 51 散熱鰭片 52 内部冷卻通道 34 201032443❹ [Main component symbol description] 10 multi-stage variable reluctance motor/generator 20 stator structure 22 main current supply 23 insulation layer 24 stator stage 25 stator pole 26 coil 30 rotor structure 31 shaft seal 32 bearing 33 wedge key 34 keyway 35 Rotor pole 36 Shaft 37 Rotor stage 38 Offset 39 Deflection angle 40 Air gap 50 Enclosure 51 Heat sink fin 52 Internal cooling passage 34 201032443

53 外殼螺栓 55 喷嘴 56 污水槽 57 喷灑冷卻劑 59 可分離式外殼 60 風扇 65 外罩 70 增壓液態冷卻循環 71 液體循環泵 72 氣液熱交換器 73 管内節溫器 75 液體或氣化冷卻系統 76 液體/氣化循環泵 77 熱交換器/冷卻器 301 端板 302 卡環 303 偏斜角 304 定子級間空隙 305 徑向偏移 306 徑向偏移 307 定子總長 308 被激能定子 309 電流方向 310 電流方向 311 未激能定子線圈 400 線圈1 35 201032443 401 線圈2 402 線圈3 403 繞阻方向 404 切換開關 405 切換開關53 Housing bolts 55 Nozzles 56 Sewage tanks 57 Spraying coolant 59 Separable housing 60 Fan 65 Housing 70 Pressurized liquid cooling cycle 71 Liquid circulation pump 72 Gas-liquid heat exchanger 73 In-line thermostat 75 Liquid or gasification cooling system 76 Liquid/Gasification Circulation Pump 77 Heat Exchanger/Cooler 301 End Plate 302 Retaining Ring 303 Deflection Angle 304 Inter-Standard Interval 305 Radial Offset 306 Radial Offset 307 Total Length of Stator 308 Excited Stator 309 Current Direction 310 Current direction 311 Unexcited stator coil 400 Coil 1 35 201032443 401 Coil 2 402 Coil 3 403 Winding direction 404 Switching switch 405 Switching switch

Claims (1)

201032443 七、申請專利範圍： 1. 一種多級可變磁阻裝置，包括： 0)—軸桿，具有一旋轉軸； (b)複數個隔開之級次，設置於該旋轉轴四周；每一級次具 有相同數目之定子極與轉子極，用以定義對稱地設置於該旋轉 轴四周，其間具有空隙之定子與轉子極對； 0)—第一供電裝置，用以於一選定期間同時對一級次之所 有定子極進行通電；以及201032443 VII. Patent application scope: 1. A multi-stage variable reluctance device, comprising: 0) a shaft with a rotating shaft; (b) a plurality of spaced stages arranged around the rotating shaft; One stage has the same number of stator poles and rotor poles for defining a pair of stator and rotor poles symmetrically disposed around the rotating shaft with a gap therebetween; 0) a first power supply device for simultaneously selecting a pair of periods All of the stator poles of the first order are energized; ⑩ (d) —第二供電裝置，用以對該級次以外的該些級次之所有 定子極依序重複進行通電， 其中於該些級次中之每一定子與轉子極對具有實質相同 之物理特性及電磁特性。 2·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多級可變磁阻裝置 該些定子與轉子極對係為一外殼所覆蓋。 其 其 3·如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多級可變磁阻裝置 相鄰級次之相鄰轉子極係相互偏移。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多級可變磁阻裝置 該些級次中之每一轉子極係相互偏斜。 5. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多級可變磁阻裝置 該裝置係為一電動機。 6. 如申請專利範圍第丨項所述之多級可 相鄰級次之定子係相互偏移。 阻裝置 7. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多級可變磁阻裝置 該裝置係為一發電機。 8. 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多級可變磁阻努w 該些級次中之每—定子餘襄置 37 201032443 9·如申請專利範圍第5項所述之多級可變磁阻裴置， 括内部轴承可用以支撐一外殼。 包 ，其 更 10.如申請專利範圍第9項所述之多級可變磁限裝置 中該外殼可用以支撐該些級次之定子。 u ’如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多級可變磁阻裝置 包括一冷卻系統。 12. 包括： 如申請專利範圍第1項所述之多級可變磁阻裴置 更 (a) 冷卻外罩，附加於一外殼之外週邊； (b) 外部冷卻鰭片，固定於該外殼與該冷卻外罩之 ~ 複數個内部空間；以及 疋義 (c)一風扇，用以對該些内部空間進行空氣循環。 13.如申請專利範圍第u項所述之多級可變磁阻裝置，更 (a)液態冷卻劑；10 (d) - a second power supply device for sequentially energizing all of the stator poles of the stages other than the order, wherein each of the stages is substantially identical to the rotor pole pair Physical and electromagnetic properties. 2. The multi-stage variable reluctance device according to claim 1, wherein the stator and rotor pole pairs are covered by a casing. 3. The multi-stage variable reluctance device according to item 1 of the patent application scope is adjacent to the adjacent rotor poles of the adjacent stages. 4. The multi-stage variable reluctance device of claim 1, wherein each of the rotor poles is skewed to each other. 5. The multi-stage variable reluctance device of claim 1, wherein the device is an electric motor. 6. The multi-stage adjacent stages of the stator systems described in the scope of the patent application are offset from each other. Resistor device 7. The multi-stage variable reluctance device as described in claim 1 is a generator. 8. Multi-level variable reluctance as described in claim 1 of the patent scope. Each of the stages is a stator-remaining arrangement. 37 201032443 9. Multi-level variable as described in claim 5 A magnetoresistive device, including an inner bearing, can be used to support an outer casing. The package, the 10. The multi-stage variable magnetic limit device according to claim 9 of the invention, wherein the outer casing can be used to support the stators of the stages. The multi-stage variable reluctance device as described in claim 1 includes a cooling system. 12. Included: The multi-stage variable reluctance device described in claim 1 is more (a) a cooling jacket attached to the outer periphery of a casing; (b) an external cooling fin fixed to the casing and The cooling enclosure has a plurality of internal spaces; and a fan (c) for air circulation of the internal spaces. 13. The multi-stage variable reluctance device of claim 5, further comprising (a) a liquid coolant; (b) —外殼，具有延著該外殼 用以傳送該液態冷卻劑； (c) 一液體循環泵； 外周邊分布的内部冷卻通道， (d)一氣液熱交換器；以及 (e) —管内節溫器，用以調節溫度。 14. 包括： 如申請專圍第13項所狀纽可變雜裝置，更 (a) 複數個喷嘴，用以喷灑該液態冷卻劑；以及 (b) —污水槽，用以收集該液態冷卻劑。 15.如相專圍第丨項所述之纽可變磁阻裝置，更 包括至少兩電導體用以吸引該些定子極。 38 201032443 —種能設計多樣之多級可變磁阻裝置之方法，該多級 可變磁阻裝置具有複數個隔開之級次，設置於一旋轉軸四周'， 其中每一級次具有相同數目之定子極與轉子極，用以定義對稱 地設置於該旋轉軸四周，其間具有空隙之定子與轉子極 方法包括： x (a) 為每一級次選擇單一定子與轉子對； (b) 自該級次的該單一定子與轉子對所能具有之物理特性 及電磁特性之特性、组中，選定該單一定子與轉子對之標準；以 ❹ 及 (c) 根據該單一定子與轉子對之該標準，製造該級次所有 的定子極與轉子極。 17.如申請專利範圍第16項所述之方法，其中該些特性組 包括轉子直徑、定子繞阻安阻數、空隙大小、轉子極長度、定 子極長度、疋子極與轉子極之相對角度移動、定子護鐵厚度、 轉子底部深度以及軸桿直徑。 玉8. 一種系統，用以最佳化一多級可變磁阻裝置之物理特 ❹=及電磁特性，該多級可變磁阻裝置具有複數個隔開之級次， 設置於-旋轉軸四周，其中每一級次具有相同數目之定子極與 轉子極，用以定義對稱地設置於該旋轉軸四周，其間具有空隙 之定子與轉子極對，該系統包括： ();°己隐體中儲存每一級次的單一定子與轉子對之規 格； ' (b) 汁算自該級次的該單一定子與轉子對所能具有之物理 特性及電磁特性之特性組中，選定之該單一定子與轉子對之標 準；以及 (c) 利用該計算步驟，決定該級次所有的定子極與轉子極。 39 201032443 19. 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之系統，其中該物理特性 及電磁特性包括轉子直徑、定子繞阻安狙數、空隙大小、轉子 極長度、定子極長度、定子極與轉子極之相對角度移動、定子 護鐵厚度、轉子底部深度以及轴桿直徑。 20. 如申請專利範圍第丨8項所述之系統，其中該電磁特性 包括改變對定子繞阻所供給之電能時之磁通量及產生之力 電流。 .如巾請專利範圍第i項所述之多級可變磁阻裝置，盆 二電及^供電裝置包括以並聯或串聯之方式對定子極(b) an outer casing having a casing for transporting the liquid coolant; (c) a liquid circulation pump; an inner cooling passage distributed around the outer periphery, (d) a gas-liquid heat exchanger; and (e) a tube Thermostat to regulate temperature. 14. Including: if applying for a new type of miscellaneous device in section 13, and (a) a plurality of nozzles for spraying the liquid coolant; and (b) a sewage tank for collecting the liquid cooling Agent. 15. The neovariable magnetoresistive device of claim 3, further comprising at least two electrical conductors for attracting the stator poles. 38 201032443 - A method for designing a multi-level variable reluctance device having a plurality of spaced apart levels arranged around a rotating axis, wherein each level has the same number The stator pole and the rotor pole define a stator and rotor pole method symmetrically disposed around the rotating shaft with a gap therebetween: x (a) selecting a single stator-to-rotor pair for each stage; (b) The characteristics of the physical and electromagnetic properties of the single stator and rotor pair of the stage, the standard of the single stator and rotor pair is selected; ❹ and (c) according to the single stator and rotor For this standard, all stator poles and rotor poles of this order are fabricated. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the set of characteristics includes a rotor diameter, a stator winding resistance, a gap size, a rotor pole length, a stator pole length, and a relative angle between the dipole pole and the rotor pole. Movement, stator thickness, rotor bottom depth, and shaft diameter. Jade 8. A system for optimizing the physical characteristics and electromagnetic characteristics of a multi-stage variable reluctance device having a plurality of spaced levels, disposed on a - rotation axis Each of the stages has the same number of stator poles and rotor poles for defining a stator-rotor pole pair symmetrically disposed around the rotating shaft with a gap therebetween. The system includes: (); The specification of a single stator and rotor pair for each stage is stored; ' (b) the juice is calculated from the characteristics of the physical and electromagnetic properties of the single stator and rotor pair of the stage, the selected one The standard of the stator and rotor pairs; and (c) using this calculation step to determine all of the stator poles and rotor poles of the stage. 39 201032443 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the physical property and electromagnetic characteristics include rotor diameter, stator winding ampere number, gap size, rotor pole length, stator pole length, stator pole and rotor pole Relative angular movement, stator thickness, rotor bottom depth, and shaft diameter. 20. The system of claim 8, wherein the electromagnetic characteristic comprises a change in magnetic flux and a force current generated when electrical energy is supplied to the stator winding. The multi-stage variable reluctance device described in the scope of claim i, the basin and the power supply device comprise the stator poles in parallel or in series.
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CN107633143B (en) * 2017-09-25 2019-11-19 湖南大学 A kind of directly driven wind-powered machine stator radiator structure optimum design method of large size
TWI786814B (en) * 2021-09-09 2022-12-11 達豐儀器股份有限公司 A wireless power transmission device for rotating led display

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