201030490 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關-種發電技術’特別是關於—種具有功率追縱 性曲線量測之太陽能發電裝置及其發電方法。 、 【先前技術】 隨著全球能源需求不_加’朗保意識抬頭，再生能源越 受各國的重視而積極發展，其中又以太陽能發電為最 由於太陽能光電板的電流與電壓為非線性_，在=的日照或 溫度下各有不同的特性曲線，且每條曲線皆有一最大功率點。為了提 升發電效率，充分使用太陽能光電板，所以太陽能發電系統需做 功率追蹤，使太陽能光電板操作在最大功率點。 傳統上太陽能發電系統的架構’如第]圖所示，大多是太陽能光 電板模組10、經由整合有最大功率追蹤(Mpp丁)電路之具最大功率^縱 之轉換器12，榻取最大功率到直流鏈(DC Bus)供給直流負載16，或 是，再經換流器14供給交流負載18。也有如第2囷所示光電板模 組10經由整合有最大神追戦路之具最A功率追叙換流器2〇， 擷取最大功率後直接併入市電。 ❹ 太陽能光電板模組是由好幾月光電板串、並聯組成，當其中有光 p老化、損毀或是有·覆蓋而纽部分舰，則會縣電板模組 i出產生影響，甚至造献備紐。而光電板歡需較大空間且設置 於戶外’不易管理’因傳統發電系統只做最大功率追縱，無法得知電 流-電雖V)特性曲線，所以當故障或遮蔽發生時，並不容易立 覺’而使情況惡化。 因此’本發明係在針對上述之困擾，提出一種具有功率追縱與電性曲 線量測之太_發電裝置及其發€方法，錢紐善習知缺點。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的’在於提供一種具有功率追縱與電性曲線量測 3 201030490 之太陽能發電裝置及其發電方法，其係在平_利用一電性追縱量測 $路使太陽能光電板以最大辨之電能傳輸至外部貞載，並每隔一固 定時間對太陽能光電板進行電流與電壓之特性曲線量測，藉以判斷此 太陽能光電板是否有故障或是部分遮蔽產生，進而提升發電裝置之提 . 升發電效益和系統可靠度。 為達上述目的’本發明提供一種具有功率追蹤與電性曲線量測之 太陽能發電裝置，係連接至少一外部負載，並包含至少一太陽能光電 板，其係接收太陽能，並將其轉換成電能後輸出，太陽能光電板透過 一電性追蹤量測電路連接外部負載，另還有一處理器，其係連接照度 _ 計與電性追蹤量測電路，照度計係偵測太陽能光電板所接受之照度， 處理器則控制電性追蹤量測電路接收電能，且使其以最大功率輸出至 外部負載，又在照度高於一預設照度值時，控制電性追蹤量測電路對 該電能進行電流與電壓工作特性曲線之量測，以偵測該太陽能光電板 之運作狀態。 本發明亦提供一種具有功率追蹤與電性曲線量測之太陽能發電方 法’其係利用至少一太陽能光電板接收太陽能，並將其轉換成電能後 輸出至一電性追蹤量測電路，且此電性追蹤量測電路連接至少一外部 負載，此太陽能發電方法在平時係控制電性追蹤量測電路接收電能， 〇 且使其以最大功率輸出至該外部負載，接著每隔一固定時間判斷太陽 能光電板所接受之照度是否高於一預設照度值，若是，則控制電性追 蹤量測電路接收電能，並對該電能進行電流與電壓工作特性曲線之量 測，以偵測太陽能光電板之運作狀態，若否，則持續供電至外部負載。 茲為使貴審查委員對本發明之結構特徵及所達成之功效更有進 一步之瞭解與認識，謹佐以較佳之實施例圖及配合詳細之說明，說明 如後： 【實施方式】 本發明的特點在於利用一照度計、數位訊號處理器、及電性追縱 4 201030490 量測電路’使太陽能發電裝置具有自細試與顺太陽能光電板是否 有故障或部分遮蔽產生等優點。 以下請參閱第3 ® ’此圖為本發明之第_實施例，其主要包括至 少-太陽能光電板22、-電性追縱4測轉換器24、一數位訊號處理器 * 32與一照度計30 ’太陽能光電板22連接轉換器24，並將接收到的太 陽能轉換成電能後輸出；照度計3〇係用來細太陽能光電板22所接 受之照度，此轉換器24係由-直流對直流轉換器28與一電性追縱量 測電路26整合而成，並分财過直流鍵（DCBUS)與直流對交流換 流器34連接至直流負載36與交流負載38。 ❹ 純訊麟理肖32連接照度計3G與⑽胃24,錄制該電性追 縱量測轉換器24中的電性追縱量測電路26接收太陽能光電板及所 輸出的電能’且使其以最大功率輸出，接著再由直麟直流轉換器28 將其轉換成穩^直流電壓輸出至直流負載36,或者輸出至換流器34， 由換流器34將該錢雜轉換成敎錢賴並輸⑽，再供交流負 載38使用。且在上述供電的過程中，數位訊號處理器32每隔一固定 時間就會比較照度計30所侧當下的照度與一預設照度值的關係，若 此時照度咼於預設照度值時，則會暫停原本供電之作動，並控制電性 追縱量測電路26對電能進行電流與電壓工作特性曲線之量測，以偵測 © 太陽能光電板22之運作狀態，觀察光電板22是否有故障或部分遮蔽 發生；若此時照度未高於預設照度值時，則會控制電性追蹤量測電路 26持續接收電能，並使其以最大功率輸出至直流負載36或交流負載 38。 數位訊號處理器32在控制電性追蹤量測電路26對電能進行電流 與電壓工作特性曲線之量測前’會在一日照充足的環境下，控制電性 追蹤量測電路26接收太陽能光電板22所輸出之電能，並進行電流與 電壓參考特性曲線之量測，且由處理器32記錄之。當數位訊號處理器 32比較出當下照度高於預設照度值時，則會將此電流與電壓參考特性 曲線與工作特性曲線加以比較後，偵測出太陽能光電板之運作狀態， 201030490 帝維護之參考，進而提升發電裝置之發電效益和可靠度。 ^ ”電流與電壓參考特性曲線，則可以預先在處理器32中設定 二電流與電壓參考雜鱗以鶴餘與電壓卫作躲曲線比較之201030490 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a power generation technology, and more particularly to a solar power generation device having a power tracking curve and a power generation method thereof. [Prior Art] With the global energy demand not increasing, the awareness of renewable energy has been actively developed by countries, and solar power generation is the most due to the non-linearity of current and voltage of solar photovoltaic panels. There are different characteristic curves for the sunshine or temperature of =, and each curve has a maximum power point. In order to improve power generation efficiency and make full use of solar photovoltaic panels, solar power generation systems need to perform power tracking to enable solar photovoltaic panels to operate at maximum power points. Traditionally, the architecture of a solar power generation system, as shown in the figure, is mostly a solar photovoltaic panel module 10, which has a maximum power and a vertical converter 12 integrated with a maximum power tracking (Mpp) circuit. The DC load 16 is supplied to the DC bus or to the AC load 18 via the inverter 14. Also, as shown in Fig. 2, the photovoltaic panel module 10 is directly integrated into the commercial power by extracting the maximum power from the inverter A with the largest power tracking inverter.太阳能 The solar photovoltaic panel is composed of several series of photovoltaic panels and parallels. If there is light p-aged, damaged or covered, and the new part of the ship, the county's electric panel module will have an impact, and even contribute. Preparations. The photovoltaic panel needs a lot of space and is installed outdoors. It is not easy to manage. Because the traditional power generation system only performs the maximum power tracking, and the current-electricity V) characteristic curve cannot be known, it is not easy when the fault or the shielding occurs. Lie consciousness' has made the situation worse. Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and proposes a solar power generation device having power tracking and electrical curve measurement and a method for issuing the same, and Qian Xinshan has a conventional disadvantage. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide a solar power generation device with power tracking and electrical curve measurement 3 201030490 and a power generation method thereof, which are measured by using an electrical tracking device. The solar photovoltaic panel transmits the maximum electric energy to the external load, and measures the current and voltage characteristic curves of the solar photovoltaic panel every fixed time to determine whether the solar photovoltaic panel is faulty or partially shielded, and further Improve power generation equipment, power generation efficiency and system reliability. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a solar power generation device having power tracking and electrical curve measurement, which is connected to at least one external load and includes at least one solar photovoltaic panel, which receives solar energy and converts it into electrical energy. The output, the solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the external load through an electrical tracking measurement circuit, and a processor is connected to the illuminance meter and the electrical tracking measurement circuit, and the illuminance meter detects the illumination received by the solar photovoltaic panel. The processor controls the electrical tracking measurement circuit to receive the electrical energy, and outputs the maximum power to the external load, and when the illuminance is higher than a preset illuminance value, controls the electrical tracking measurement circuit to perform current and voltage on the electrical energy. The measurement of the operating characteristic curve to detect the operational state of the solar photovoltaic panel. The invention also provides a solar power generation method with power tracking and electrical curve measurement, which uses at least one solar photovoltaic panel to receive solar energy, converts it into electrical energy, and outputs it to an electrical tracking measurement circuit, and the electricity The sexual tracking measurement circuit is connected to at least one external load. The solar power generation method controls the electrical tracking measurement circuit to receive the electrical energy, and outputs the maximum power to the external load, and then determines the solar photovoltaic at a fixed time. Whether the illumination received by the board is higher than a predetermined illuminance value, and if so, controlling the electrical tracking measurement circuit to receive the electrical energy, and measuring the current and voltage operating characteristic curve of the electrical energy to detect the operation of the solar photovoltaic panel Status, if not, continue to supply power to the external load. For a better understanding and understanding of the structural features and the achievable effects of the present invention, the preferred embodiments and the detailed description are as follows: [Embodiment] Features of the Invention It is based on the use of a illuminometer, a digital signal processor, and an electrical tracking system 4 201030490 measuring circuit to make the solar power generating device have the advantages of self-testing and whether the solar photovoltaic panel is faulty or partially shielded. Please refer to the third embodiment of the present invention, which mainly includes at least a solar photovoltaic panel 22, an electrical tracking converter 24, a digital signal processor*32 and an illuminance meter. 30 'The solar photovoltaic panel 22 is connected to the converter 24, and converts the received solar energy into electrical energy and outputs it; the illuminance meter 3 is used for the illumination received by the thin solar photovoltaic panel 22, and the converter 24 is composed of -DC to DC. The converter 28 is integrated with an electrical tracking measurement circuit 26 and is coupled to the DC load 36 and the AC load 38 by a DC-to-DC (DCBUS) and DC-to-AC converter 34. ❹ 讯 理 理 32 32 connection illuminance meter 3G and (10) stomach 24, recording the electrical tracking measurement circuit 26 in the electrical tracking transducer 24 receives the solar photovoltaic panel and the output electrical energy 'and The maximum power output is then converted into a stable DC voltage output to the DC load 36 by the Nin DC converter 28, or output to the inverter 34, which converts the money into a money And input (10), and then used for AC load 38. During the power supply process, the digital signal processor 32 compares the current illuminance of the side of the illuminometer 30 with a preset illuminance value every fixed time. If the illuminance is at the preset illuminance value, The operation of the original power supply is suspended, and the electrical tracking measurement circuit 26 is controlled to measure the current and voltage operating characteristic of the electric energy to detect the operating state of the solar photovoltaic panel 22, and observe whether the photovoltaic panel 22 is faulty. Or partial occlusion occurs; if the illuminance is not higher than the preset illuminance value at this time, the electrical tracking measurement circuit 26 is controlled to continuously receive the electrical energy and output it to the direct current load 36 or the alternating current load 38 at the maximum power. The digital signal processor 32 controls the electrical tracking measurement circuit 26 to receive the solar photovoltaic panel 22 in an environment where the daytime illumination is sufficient before controlling the electrical tracking measurement circuit 26 to measure the current and voltage operating characteristic curves of the electrical energy. The outputted electrical energy is measured by a current and voltage reference characteristic and recorded by processor 32. When the digital signal processor 32 compares the current illuminance higher than the preset illuminance value, the current is compared with the voltage reference characteristic curve and the operating characteristic curve to detect the operating state of the solar photovoltaic panel, 201030490 Reference, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and reliability of the power generation device. ^ " Current and voltage reference characteristic curve, then the two current and voltage reference miscellaneous scales can be set in the processor 32 in advance to compare the crane and the voltage guarding curve.
—追蹤量測電路26對太陽能光電板22所輸㈣電能不管是進 二二、電壓參考特性曲線或卫作特性曲線時，在接收電能的過程 逐步增加或減少太陽能光電板22所提供之電壓（Vpv)或電流 pv來建立電性輯^另外，上述之電性追縱制電路26若為昇 磨型，則與麵曲線龍最高可制太陽能光電板22之輪出 端的電磨’反之如為降㈣，㈣壓最低可到太陽能光電板22之輸出 以下說明本㈣之運作過程，當太陽能發電裝置工作正常，且日 -照充足時，可讓數位訊號處理器32控制電性追蹤量測電路26先逐步 增加或減少太陽能光電板22所提供之電壓或電流，以進行電流與電磨 參考特性曲線量測，並由處理_ π記錄下糾光電板a的電流與電 壓參考特性曲線。接著就可以讓數位訊號處理器32控制電性追蹤量測 電路26接收太陽能光電板22所輸出的電能，並使其以最大功率輸出 至負載中。而每隔一固定時間後，數位訊號處理器32便會判斷照度計 _ 30所摘測當下的照度是否大於一預設照度值’若是，則先使控制電路 26暫停最大功率追蹤，且停止供電，然後逐步増加或減少太陽能光電 板22所提供之電壓或電流，以進行光電板22之電流與電壓工作特性 曲線量測’再與光電板22正常時所量測到的電流與電壓參考特性曲線 做比較，以判斷太陽能發電裝置是否正常，光電板是否有故障或部分 遮蔽發生。若否，則使控制電路26接收電能，並使其以最大功率輸出 至負載中。 在上述運作方法中’若沒有量測電流與電壓參考特性曲線，則可 以預先在處理器32中設定此電流與電壓參考特性曲線，以供與雷泊 電壓工作特性曲線比較之用。 6 201030490 以下請參閱第4圖，此圖為本發明之第二實施例，其與第3圖之 第-實施繼差異在於，電性追縱量測電路26與—錢對交流換流器 34整合成為一電性追蹤量測換流器4〇，而不與直流對直流轉換器整合 在-起，整個裝置也缺少了直流對直流轉換器與直流負載的部分，使 得電性追縱量測換流器40直接連接太陽能光電板22、交流負載38和 數位訊號處理器32。另外在供電至負載的運作過程中，電性追蹤量測 換流器40中的電性追縱量測電路26係接收太陽能光電板22所輸出 的電能，並使其以最大功率輸出，接著再由直流對交流換· 34將其 轉換成穩定交流電壓輸出至交流負載38中。 以下請同時參卿5 ®至第7 ®…般正常情況下的太陽能光電 板之電流與電壓特性曲線如第5圖所示，曲線中段是一平滑線段，而 當有故障或是部份遮蔽發生時，則特性曲線會變為如第6圖或第7圖， ，線在中段的地方會扭曲，係與正常情況差異相當大，要麟光電板 疋否有異常，只需要知道這附近的資訊。所以雖然電性追蹤量測電路 有可能因電路特性或輸出端電壓的關係，無法量出完整的曲線，但一 樣可以判斷光電板是否異常。 ❹ 綜上所述，本發明具有自動測試與判斷太陽能光電板是否有故障 或部分遮蔽產生之優點，進而提升發電裝置之發電效益和可靠度，是 一相當實用的發明。 以上所述者，僅為本發明一較佳實施例而已，並非用來限定本發 明實施之範圍，故舉凡依本發明申請專利範圍所述之形狀、構造、特 徵及精神所為之均等變化與修飾，均應包括於本發明之申請專利範固 【圖式簡單說明】 第1 囷為先前技術將太陽能轉換成電能並輸出至交流與直流負载之 置電路示意圓。 第2圏為先前技術將太陽能轉換成電能並輸出至交流負載之裝置電路 7 201030490 小愚固。 第3圖為本發明之第—實施_裝置電路示意圖。 第4圖為本發明之第二實施例的裝置電路示意圖。 =5圖為本㈣之續妓駐f時之紐與錢 =圖為本發明之太陽能光電板於異料之第—種㈣與電屋曲線 =。7圖為本發明之太陽能光電板於異常時之第二種電流與電壓曲線 【主要元件符號說明】 _ 1〇太陽能光電板模組 14換流器 18交流負載 22太陽能光電板 26電性追蹤量測電路 ' 30照度計 34直流對交流換流器 38交流負載 12具最大功率追蹤之轉換器 16直流負載 20具最大功率追蹤之換流器 24電性追蹤量測轉換器 28直流對直流轉換器 32數位訊號處理器 36直流負載 40電性追蹤量測換流器- The tracking measurement circuit 26 inputs (four) the electrical energy to the solar photovoltaic panel 22, whether in the process of receiving the electrical energy or the characteristic curve of the power supply, the voltage supplied by the solar photovoltaic panel 22 is gradually increased or decreased in the process of receiving the electrical energy ( Vpv) or current pv to establish an electrical series. In addition, if the above-mentioned electrical tracking circuit 26 is of the hoisting type, the electric grinding of the wheel end of the solar photovoltaic panel 22 can be made up to the surface curve. The (4), (4) voltage can be reached to the output of the solar photovoltaic panel 22. The operation process of the (4) is described below. When the solar power generating device is working normally and the day-light is sufficient, the digital signal processor 32 can be controlled to control the electrical tracking measurement circuit. 26 Gradually increase or decrease the voltage or current provided by the solar photovoltaic panel 22 to measure the current and electric grinder reference characteristic curve, and record the current and voltage reference characteristic curve of the correcting photoelectric plate a by processing _π. Then, the digital signal processor 32 controls the electrical tracking measurement circuit 26 to receive the electrical energy output by the solar photovoltaic panel 22 and output it to the load at maximum power. After every fixed time, the digital signal processor 32 determines whether the current illuminance of the illuminometer _ 30 is greater than a predetermined illuminance value. If yes, the control circuit 26 is first suspended for maximum power tracking, and the power supply is stopped. Then, gradually increase or decrease the voltage or current supplied by the solar photovoltaic panel 22 to measure the current and voltage operating characteristic curve of the photovoltaic panel 22, and then measure the current and voltage reference characteristic curve when the photovoltaic panel 22 is normal. A comparison is made to determine whether the solar power generation device is normal, whether the photovoltaic panel is faulty or partially shielded. If not, control circuit 26 is enabled to receive electrical energy and output it to the load at maximum power. In the above operation method, if the current and voltage reference characteristic curves are not measured, the current and voltage reference characteristic curves can be set in the processor 32 in advance for comparison with the thunderbolt voltage operating characteristic curve. 6 201030490 Please refer to FIG. 4, which is a second embodiment of the present invention, which differs from the first embodiment of FIG. 3 in that the electrical tracking measurement circuit 26 and the money-to-AC converter 34 are used. Integrated into an electrical tracking converter 4〇, without integration with the DC-to-DC converter, the entire device also lacks the DC-DC converter and DC load part, making the electrical tracking measurement The inverter 40 is directly connected to the solar photovoltaic panel 22, the AC load 38, and the digital signal processor 32. In addition, during the operation of supplying power to the load, the electrical tracking measurement circuit 26 in the electrical tracking measuring converter 40 receives the electrical energy output by the solar photovoltaic panel 22 and outputs it at maximum power, and then It is converted to a stable AC voltage output to the AC load 38 by DC-to-AC conversion. The following is the current and voltage characteristic curve of the solar photovoltaic panel under the normal conditions of the 5 ® to 7 ® ..., as shown in Figure 5, the middle section of the curve is a smooth line segment, and when there is a fault or partial shadowing occurs When the characteristic curve becomes like Figure 6 or Figure 7, the line will be distorted in the middle part, which is quite different from the normal situation. If there is any abnormality in the light board, you only need to know the information nearby. . Therefore, although the electrical tracking measurement circuit may not be able to measure the complete curve due to the circuit characteristics or the output terminal voltage, it is possible to determine whether the photovoltaic panel is abnormal. In summary, the present invention has the advantages of automatically testing and judging whether a solar photovoltaic panel is faulty or partially shielded, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and reliability of the power generating device, and is a quite practical invention. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, so that the shapes, structures, features, and spirits described in the claims of the present invention are equally varied and modified. , should be included in the patent application of the present invention [simplified description of the drawings] The first is a schematic circuit for converting the solar energy into electrical energy and outputting it to the alternating current and direct current loads. The second is the prior art device circuit that converts solar energy into electrical energy and outputs it to an AC load. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. =5 Figure is the (4) continuation of the 纽 妓 妓 f 妓 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 7 is the second current and voltage curve of the solar photovoltaic panel of the present invention in abnormality [main component symbol description] _ 1 〇 solar photovoltaic panel module 14 inverter 18 AC load 22 solar photovoltaic panel 26 electrical tracking amount Measuring circuit '30 illuminance meter 34 DC to AC converter 38 AC load 12 Maximum power tracking converter 16 DC load 20 Maximum power tracking converter 24 Electrical tracking measurement converter 28 DC to DC converter 32 digital signal processor 36 DC load 40 electrical tracking measurement converter