201021964 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於：在主軸與主軸殻之間的間隙設置曲徑 (Labyrinth )部，作爲防止冷卻液滲入之構造的工作機械 的主軸裝置。 【先前技術】 0 工作機械，是藉由旋轉驅動安裝於主軸的工具，而對 工作物加工。主軸是可自由旋轉地支承於主軸殼。工具是 安裝在突出於主軸殼外部之主軸的下端部。工作機械具備 :對加工中的工作物供給冷卻液的冷卻液供給裝置。冷卻 液可消除產生於旋轉中的工具與工作物之間的摩擦熱，並 防止工具及工作物的過熱。工具的壽命及工作物的加工精 度，可藉由供給冷卻液而提升。 冷卻液接觸工作物後將回濺。經回濺的冷卻液，將滲 φ 入主軸與主軸殼之間的間隙。所滲入的冷卻液，將抵達於 主軸殼的内部支承主軸的軸承，而導致該軸承的潤滑用油 脂流失。因爲這個緣故，而具有軸承耐久性下降的問題。 日本第2002-263982號公開特許公報所記載之工作機 械的主軸裝置，是藉由在主軸與主軸殼之間設置曲徑部， 並從主軸與主軸殼之間的間隙噴出空氣，而防止冷卻液的 滲入。 主軸具備：固定於下端的周緣部的遮蔽板（端面蓋） 。主軸殻具備：固定於下端的蓋體（主軸蓋）。遮蔽板的 -5- 201021964 上面是隔著間隙而面向蓋體的下面。曲徑部是藉由以下的 方式形成：在遮蔽板的上面設置複數個環狀突起’而朝蓋 體的下面突出。空氣是通過設於主軸殼與蓋體間的通路’ 而抵達曲徑部的内周側。該空氣是通過曲徑部而朝遮蔽板 的外周流動，並從設於遮蔽板之外周緣的開口噴出。 【發明內容】[Technical Field] The present invention relates to a spindle device in which a labyrinth portion is provided in a gap between a main shaft and a main shaft casing as a working machine for preventing a penetration of a coolant. [Prior Art] 0 The working machine processes the workpiece by rotating the tool mounted on the spindle. The main shaft is rotatably supported by the main shaft housing. The tool is mounted at the lower end of the spindle that protrudes outside the spindle housing. The working machine includes a coolant supply device that supplies a coolant to the workpiece during processing. The coolant eliminates the frictional heat generated between the rotating tool and the workpiece and prevents overheating of tools and work. The life of the tool and the processing accuracy of the work can be increased by supplying the coolant. The coolant will splash back after it contacts the work. After the splashed coolant, the φ is osmized into the gap between the main shaft and the main shaft housing. The infiltrated coolant will reach the bearing of the main shaft of the main shaft casing, which will cause the lubricating grease of the bearing to be lost. For this reason, there is a problem that the bearing durability is lowered. The spindle device of the machine tool disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2002-263982 is a method of preventing a coolant by providing a labyrinth portion between a main shaft and a main shaft casing and ejecting air from a gap between the main shaft and the main shaft casing. Infiltration. The main shaft includes a shielding plate (end surface cover) that is fixed to the peripheral portion of the lower end. The spindle housing has a cover body (spindle cover) fixed to the lower end. -5- 201021964 The top of the shield is facing the underside of the cover with a gap. The labyrinth portion is formed by providing a plurality of annular projections ' on the upper surface of the shield plate and projecting toward the lower surface of the cover. The air reaches the inner peripheral side of the labyrinth portion through the passage ' provided between the main shaft housing and the cover body. This air flows through the labyrinth portion toward the outer periphery of the shield plate, and is ejected from the opening provided on the outer periphery of the shield plate. [Summary of the Invention]
[發明欲解決之課題] I 習知的主軸裝置的曲徑部，是形成在：於上下方向中 呈相對狀態之遮蔽板的上面與蓋體的下面之間。冷卻液’ 容易滯留於設在遮蔽板上面的環狀突起之間。習知的主軸 裝置，是藉由使大量的空氣通過曲徑部，使所滯留的冷卻 液流向遮蔽板的外周側，以避免冷卻液滲入主軸與主軸殻 之間。習知的主軸裝置，由於使用大量的空氣（理由）， 而具有高運轉成本的問題。 [解決課題之手段] 本發明的目的是提供一種：具備冷卻液不易滲入，且 冷卻液不易滯留之構造的曲徑部，即使通過該曲徑部的空 氣量極少，也能防止冷卻液滲入的工作機械的主軸裝置。 申請專利範圍第1項的工作機械的主軸裝置，是構成 :主軸殼將主軸支承成可自由旋轉，並將工具安裝在突出 於前述主軸殼外部之前述主軸的下端部的工作機械的主軸 裝置，其中具有：固定於前述主軸殼之下端的環狀主軸蓋 -6- 201021964 、和固定於前述主軸之下端部的外周部分的環狀端面蓋、 及設在前述主軸蓋與前述端面蓋上下相對之部分的曲徑部 ，前述曲徑部具備曲徑室，該曲徑室具有形成於前述端面 蓋的第1傾斜部、及形成於前述主軸蓋的第2傾斜部，前 述第1傾斜部具有將外周側作爲下方的傾斜，前述第2傾 斜部具有將外周側作爲上方的傾斜。 曲徑部是用來防止冷卻液滲入主軸與主軸殼之間。曲 • 徑室可降低進入曲徑部之冷卻液的壓力，而有效地防止冷 卻液滲入主軸與主軸殼之間。已進入曲徑室的冷卻液，是 藉由沿著第1傾斜部及第2傾斜部滑動，而回到曲徑部的 外側。沿著第2傾斜部滑動的冷卻液，是落入第1傾斜部 的内周側而朝外周側滑動。 申請專利範圍第2項的工作機械的主軸裝置，更進一 步具備固定於前述主軸蓋之下部的環狀噴嘴形成構件，並 具備V字形溝，該V字形溝是在前述曲徑室的外周側由 φ 該噴嘴形成構件的内周部分與前述主軸蓋所形成。 飛散至主軸裝置周邊之冷卻液的一部份，是撞擊V字 形溝而落下。溝是配置於曲徑室的外側。撞擊溝而落下的 冷卻液，不會滲入曲徑室，可降低滲入曲徑室之冷卻液的 量。 申請專利範圍第3項的工作機械的主軸裝置，前述V 字形溝具備：形成於前述噴嘴形成構件的第3傾斜部、及 形成於前述主軸蓋的第4傾斜部，前述第3傾斜部具有將 外周側作爲下方的傾斜，前述第4傾斜部具有將外周側作 201021964 爲上方的傾斜。 V字形溝，是由形成於噴嘴形成構件的第3傾斜部、 與形成於主軸蓋的第4傾斜部所形成。第3、第4傾斜部 ，具有相反方向的傾斜。附著於第3傾斜部的冷卻液，是 滑向外周側而落下，附著於第4傾斜部的冷卻液，則滑向 内周側而落下，並不會滲入曲徑室。 申請專利範圍第4項的工作機械的主軸裝置，具備形 成於前述端面蓋的外周部，且被配置成面向前述V字形溝 下方的遮閉部，在該遮閉部的上面，形成有外周側朝下方 傾斜的第5傾斜部。 飛散至主軸裝置周邊之冷卻液的一部分，是衝撞形成 於端面蓋之外周部的遮閉部而落下。遮閉部可降低抵達V 字形溝部分之冷卻液的量，並降低滲入曲徑室之冷卻液的 量。衝撞V字形溝而落下至遮閉部上的冷卻液，是沿著第 5傾斜部滑動而落下至遮閉部的外周側。 請求項5或請求項6的工作機械的主軸裝置，具有將 外部氣體導入前述曲徑室内部的外部氣體導入通路。 曲徑室之内部的壓力，因爲外部氣體的導入而形成趨 近於大氣壓。冷卻液的壓力，則因爲滲入曲徑室而變低。 冷卻液難以滲入主軸與主軸殻之間。冷卻液的滲入，可在 不提供壓縮空氣的狀態下被防止。因此，可降低運轉成本 【實施方式】 -8- 201021964 詳細地說明 備安裝於主 :軸殼3。主 具備2個導 i、2a，將主 圖示省略） 旋軸（圖示 驅動而旋轉 旋轉，而在 2a、2a，是 ί 1可自由旋 伸於上下方 )的驅動而 覆蓋。主軸 油殻3的下 周部分以外 蓋。噴嘴形 於主軸蓋8 以下，參考顯示最佳的實施形態的圖面， 本發明。 如第1圖所示，本發明的主軸裝置1，具 軸頭2之前端部（第1圖中的左側端部）的主 軸頭2，在其基端部（第1圖中的右側端部） 引部2a、2a及1個螺帽部2b。2個導引部2ί 軸頭2支承在設於工作機械之上下方向的柱（ I 。螺帽部2b，是旋鎖於設在柱之上下方向的螺 省略）。 螺旋軸，是藉由Z軸馬達（圖示省略）的 。具備螺帽部2b的主軸頭2，是藉由螺旋軸的 該螺旋軸的方向（上下方向）上移動。導引部 用來導引主軸頭2於上下方向中的移動。 如第2圖所示，主軸殼3是呈：將主軸] 轉地支承於其中心部的圓筒形。主軸11是延 Φ 向的軸。主軸11是藉由主軸馬達（圖示省略 旋轉。 主軸殼3的下端，是被環狀的主軸蓋8所 蓋8，是由複數支螺栓（圖示省略）固定於主g 端面。主軸蓋8之下面的局部（内周部分及外 的部份），是被環狀的噴嘴形成構件12所覆 成構件12，是由複數支螺栓（圖示省略）固定 的下面。 主軸11，是通過主軸蓋8的中心孔而突出於主軸殼3 201021964 的下方。主軸11在下端面的中心’具備工具安裝孔lla° 工具安裝孔lla，是直徑朝上方縮小的錐孔。工具（圖示 省略）是保持於圓錐形的工具承座（圖示省略）。主軸裝 置1，可藉由將該工具承座插入工具安裝孔lla’而將工 具安裝於主軸11的下端。 噴嘴形成構件12在下面的内周部分’具有複數個噴 嘴孔12b、12b…。複數個噴嘴孔12b、12b…是連通於冷 卻液室12c。冷卻液是通過冷卻液室12c及噴嘴孔12b、 12b...而朝下方噴出。噴嘴孔12b、12b…是朝向主軸1 1的 中心，傾斜地噴出冷卻液。所噴出的冷卻液，是噴向工具 所加工的工作物。 如第2圖所示，主軸11具備：由螺栓（圖示省略） 固定於下端面之外周部分的環狀端面蓋13。端面蓋13是 較主軸11的外周更朝外側伸出。端面蓋13的伸出部分， 是隔著間隙而面向主軸蓋8的内周部分。端面蓋13的外 周，是隔著間隙而面向噴嘴形成構件1 2之中心孔的内周 〇 本發明的主軸裝置1’具備設於端面蓋13與主軸蓋8 之相對部分、及端面蓋13與噴嘴形成構件12之相對部分 的曲徑部21。 如第3圖、第4圖所示，主軸蓋8，在内周部分具備 朝下方突出的環狀部8a。環狀部8a，在最外周側的下端 具有傾斜部8b (相當於第4傾斜部）。環狀部8a，在傾 斜部8 b之内周側的下端具有傾斜部8 〇 (相當於第2傾斜 201021964 部）。傾斜部8c’是透過垂直的壁部8d而連接於傾斜部 8b。傾斜部8b、8c的傾斜方向，是外周側成爲上方的方 向。 端面蓋13具有：外周的壁13c、及連接於該壁部i3c 之内周側的傾斜部13d (相當於第1傾斜部）。壁部i3c 的上部’是隔著小間隙而面向主軸蓋8之壁部8d的下部 。壁部13c的下部，是透過傾斜部13b (相當於第5傾斜 部）而連接於朝外側伸出的遮閉部13a。傾斜部13d、13b 之傾斜的方向，是外周側成爲下方的方向。 端面蓋13的傾斜部13d，是面向主軸蓋8之傾斜部 8c的下方，而形成曲徑室15。曲徑室15的外側，是連接 於「端面蓋13的壁部13c與主軸蓋8的壁部8d之間」的 小間隙1 6a。曲徑室1 5的内側，是透過小間隙1 6b而連接 於第2曲徑室17。第2曲徑室17是設在：主軸蓋8與端 面蓋1 3間之相對部分的最内周部。 第2曲徑室17，是透過「主軸蓋8的内周面與主軸 1 1的外周面之間」的小間隙1 8而連接於空氣室1 9。空氣 室19，是形成於主軸蓋8的内周面與主軸11的外周面之 間。空氣室19是連結於：在半徑方向上貫穿主軸蓋8的 空氣供給孔20。空氣供給孔20，是透過主軸蓋8外周的 開口而連接於壓縮空氣的供給迴路（圖示省略）。壓縮空 氣，是通過空氣供給孔20、空氣室19及間隙18而進入第 2曲徑室17，通過間隙16b及曲徑室15’而從端面蓋13 的外周壁部13c與主軸蓋8的壁部8d間的間隙16a吹出 -11 · 201021964 曲徑部21是由：曲徑室15、第2曲徑室17、間隙 1 6a、間隙1 6b、間隙1 8所構成。 如第3圖所示，噴嘴形成構件12，是嵌合於主軸蓋8 之環狀部8a的外側。噴嘴形成構件12，在下部的内周具 有傾斜部12a (相當於第3傾斜部）。傾斜部1 2a，面向 主軸蓋8之最外周側的傾斜部8b的外側。如上所述，傾 斜部8b的傾斜方向，是外周側成爲上方的方向。傾斜部 12a的傾斜方向，是外周側成爲下方的方向。傾斜部8b及 傾斜部12a，在相對部分形成V字形溝14。V字形溝14 面向：設於端面蓋13之下端部外周的遮閉部13a的上方 〇 以下說明本發明之主軸裝置1的作用、效果。 工作機械，是藉由安裝於主軸裝置1之主軸11的工 具，對加工室内部的工作物加工。冷卻液供給迴路’是從 設於噴嘴形成構件12的噴嘴孔12b、12b…，朝加工中的 工作物噴出冷卻液。冷卻液則撞擊工作物而飛散至主軸裝 置1的周邊。 本發明的主軸裝置1，具備形成於主軸蓋8與端面蓋 13與噴嘴形成構件12之間的曲徑部21。曲徑部21是由 :2個曲徑室15、17;及3個間隙16a、16b、18所構成 〇 飛散至主軸裝置1周邊之冷卻液的一部分’撞擊設於 端面蓋13外周的遮閉部13a而落下，並不會滲入曲徑部 -12- 201021964 21。飛散至主軸裝置1周邊之冷卻液的一部分，則附著於 V字形溝14。附著於溝14的冷卻液，是沿著傾斜部8b及 傾斜部1 2 a的傾斜滑落，並不會滲入曲徑部2 1。沿著傾斜 部8b滑動的冷卻液，落下至遮閉部13a上。遮閉部13a， 在上面具備傾斜部13b。落下至遮閉部i3a上的冷卻液， 則沿著傾斜部1 3b滑落而回到加工室的内部。 遮閉部13a及V字形溝14，可藉由遮斷部分的冷卻 φ 液’而發揮減少滲入曲徑部21之冷卻液量的作用。 其他的冷卻液，是通過間隙16a而滲入曲徑室15。曲 徑室15的尺寸’是充份大於間隙16a。冷卻液的壓力，在 滲入曲徑室15時下降。因此’冷卻液難以滲入連接於曲 徑室1 5内側的間隙1 6b。 曲徑室15，在其上部具有傾斜部8c，在其下部具有 傾斜部13d。傾斜部13連接於間隙16a。滲入曲徑室15 的冷卻液’是附著於傾斜部8c或傾斜部13d。附著於傾斜 φ 部8c的冷卻液’是朝主軸蓋8的内周側滑動，而落下至 傾斜部13d上。落下至傾斜部13d上的冷卻液、及附著於 傾斜部13d的冷卻液，是朝端面蓋13的外周側滑動並通 過間隙16a而回到加工室。冷卻液並不會滯留於曲徑室15 的内部’且難以滲入連接於該曲徑室1 5内側的間隙丨6b。 主軸裝置1，在曲徑部21的内部流動著壓縮空氣。壓 縮空氣’是通過空氣供給孔20而進入空氣室19，並通過 間隙18、第2曲徑室17、間隙16b及曲徑室15而流動， 而從間隙16a吹出。流過曲徑室15内部的空氣，將該曲 -13- 201021964 徑室15内部的冷卻液朝外側壓出。從間隙16a吹出的空 氣，可防止冷卻液通過該間隙16a而滲入，並將附著於傾 斜部8b及傾斜部13b的冷卻液朝外側壓出。 本發明的主軸裝置1，具備遮閉部13a及V字形溝14 。遮閉部13a及溝14可減少進入曲徑部21之冷卻液的量 。曲徑部21能藉由大容積的曲徑室15降低冷卻液的壓力 ，且藉由設於曲徑室15上下的傾斜部8c、13d防止冷卻 液的滯留，故能有效地防止冷卻液的滲入。本發明的主軸 裝置1，只需藉由少量的空氣流動於曲徑部21的内部，便 能防止冷卻液的滲入。 本發明的主軸裝置1，無需消耗大量的空氣，可降低 運轉成本。冷卻液不會抵達支承主軸11的軸承，不會產 生該軸承之潤滑用油脂流失的狀況。本發明的主軸裝置1 ，可提高用來支承主軸11之軸承的耐久性，能長時間以 良好的條件持續運轉。 針對將以上所說明之實施形態作部份變更的變更形態 進行說明。 1)流入曲徑部21的空氣也可以是外部氣體。在第4 圖所示的變更形態中，主軸裝置具備：安裝於噴嘴形成構 件12下側的蓋構件30。蓋構件30具備外部氣體導入通路 31。外部氣體導入通路31具有：開口形成於蓋構件30下 側的外部氣體導入口 31a。外部氣體導入通路31，是貫穿 主軸蓋8的環狀部8a而連通於曲徑室15。曲徑室15的内 壓，當工作機械於運轉中，是低於外部氣體壓。外部氣體 -14- 201021964 是通過外部氣體導入通路31而進入曲徑室15的内部。曲 徑室15的内壓是形成大致等同於大氣壓’使滲入曲徑室 15之冷卻液的壓力充分下降。在變更形態中，主軸裝置可 在不消耗壓縮空氣的狀態下’有效地防止冷卻液朝主軸與 主軸殻間的滲入。因此，可降低運轉成本。 2)在實施形態中，主軸裝置具備串聯地連通於曲徑 室15的第2曲徑室17。曲徑室也能以排列成串聯的方式 ©設置3個以上。曲徑室1 5，也能以排列成串聯的方式設置 2個或者2個以上。 由以上的詳細說明可清楚得知，本發明之工作機械的 主軸裝置，具備設於主軸蓋與端面蓋之間的曲徑部。曲徑 部可防止冷卻液滲入主軸與主軸殻之間。曲徑部具備曲徑 室。曲徑室具有：形成於端面蓋的第1傾斜部、及形成於 主軸蓋的第2傾斜部。冷卻液的壓力，可藉由進入曲徑室 而下降。冷卻液難以滲入主軸與主軸殼之間。冷卻液在曲 φ 徑室的内部附著於第1傾斜部或第2傾斜部。附著於第2 傾斜部的冷卻液’是沿著傾斜而滑動，並落下至第1傾斜 部的内周部分。附著於第2傾斜部的冷卻液、及落下至第 1傾斜部之内周部分的冷卻液，是沿著傾斜滑向外周側而 落下至曲徑室的外部。曲徑室能防止冷卻液的滲入，且排 出滯留於内部的冷卻液。本發明的主軸裝置，能有效地防 止冷卻液滲入主軸與主軸殻之間。通過曲徑部之空氣的量 少量即可，能降低運轉成本。 •15- 201021964 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖：是顯示本發明之工作機械的主軸裝置的安裝 狀態側視圖。 第2圖：爲主軸及主軸殻之前端部的剖面圖。 第3圖：爲主軸及主軸殼之前端部的放大剖面圖。 第4圖：是顯示主軸及主軸殼之前端部的變更形態的 放大剖面圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 :主軸裝置 2 :主軸頭 2a :導引部 2b :螺帽部 3 :主軸殻 8 :主軸蓋 8a :環狀部 8b :傾斜部（相當於第4傾斜部） 8c :傾斜部（相當於第2傾斜部） :壁部 11 :主軸 1 1 a :工具安裝孔 1 2 :噴嘴形成構件 1 2a :傾斜部（相當於第3傾斜部） 12b :噴嘴孔 -16- 201021964 1 2 c :冷卻液室 13 :端面蓋 1 3 a :遮閉部 1 3b :傾斜部（相當於第5傾斜部） 13c :壁部 13 d :傾斜部（相當於第1傾斜部） 14 :溝 1 5 :曲徑室 16a :間隙 16b :間隙 17 :第2曲徑室 1 8 :間隙 19 :空氣室 20 :空氣供給孔 21 :曲徑部 3 〇 :蓋構件 31 :外部氣體導入通路 31a :外部氣體導入口[Problem to be Solved by the Invention] I The known labyrinth portion of the spindle device is formed between the upper surface of the shielding plate in a state of being opposed to each other in the vertical direction and the lower surface of the lid. The coolant ' is easily retained between the annular projections provided on the upper surface of the shield plate. The conventional spindle device allows a large amount of air to flow through the labyrinth portion, and the retained coolant flows to the outer peripheral side of the shield plate to prevent the coolant from penetrating between the spindle and the spindle housing. The conventional spindle device has a problem of high running cost due to the use of a large amount of air (reason). [Means for Solving the Problems] It is an object of the present invention to provide a labyrinth portion having a structure in which a coolant does not easily penetrate and a coolant does not easily stay, and it is possible to prevent penetration of a coolant even if the amount of air passing through the labyrinth portion is extremely small. Spindle device for working machinery. The spindle device of the working machine of claim 1 is configured such that the spindle housing supports the spindle so as to be rotatable, and the tool is mounted on a spindle device of the working machine that protrudes from the lower end portion of the spindle outside the spindle housing. The annular main shaft cover -6-201021964 fixed to the lower end of the main shaft shell, and the annular end surface cover fixed to the outer peripheral portion of the lower end portion of the main shaft, and the upper main shaft cover and the end surface cover a part of the labyrinth portion, wherein the labyrinth portion includes a labyrinth chamber having a first inclined portion formed on the end surface cover and a second inclined portion formed on the spindle cover, wherein the first inclined portion has a The outer peripheral side has an inclination of the lower side, and the second inclined portion has an inclination of the outer peripheral side as an upper side. The labyrinth portion is used to prevent coolant from penetrating between the main shaft and the main shaft housing. The curved diameter chamber reduces the pressure of the coolant entering the labyrinth and effectively prevents the coolant from penetrating between the spindle and the spindle housing. The coolant that has entered the labyrinth chamber is returned to the outside of the labyrinth portion by sliding along the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion. The coolant that has slid along the second inclined portion slides on the inner peripheral side of the first inclined portion and slides toward the outer peripheral side. Further, the spindle device of the working machine of the second aspect of the invention further includes an annular nozzle forming member fixed to a lower portion of the spindle cover, and further includes a V-shaped groove which is formed on an outer peripheral side of the labyrinth chamber φ The inner peripheral portion of the nozzle forming member is formed with the aforementioned spindle cover. A portion of the coolant that has scattered to the periphery of the spindle unit is dropped by the V-shaped groove. The groove is disposed outside the labyrinth chamber. The coolant that has fallen into the ditch does not penetrate into the labyrinth chamber, reducing the amount of coolant that penetrates into the labyrinth chamber. In the spindle device of the machine tool according to the third aspect of the invention, the V-shaped groove includes: a third inclined portion formed in the nozzle forming member; and a fourth inclined portion formed in the spindle cover, wherein the third inclined portion has a The outer peripheral side is inclined downward, and the fourth inclined portion has an inclination in which the outer peripheral side is 201021964. The V-shaped groove is formed by a third inclined portion formed in the nozzle forming member and a fourth inclined portion formed on the spindle cover. The third and fourth inclined portions have inclinations in opposite directions. The coolant adhering to the third inclined portion is slid to the outer peripheral side and falls, and the coolant adhering to the fourth inclined portion slides toward the inner peripheral side and falls, and does not penetrate into the labyrinth. The spindle device of the machine tool according to the fourth aspect of the invention includes a shutter portion formed on an outer peripheral portion of the end surface cover and disposed to face the V-shaped groove, and an outer peripheral side is formed on an upper surface of the shutter portion The fifth inclined portion that is inclined downward. A part of the coolant that has been scattered to the periphery of the spindle unit is dropped by the blocking portion formed on the outer peripheral portion of the end surface cover. The shutter portion reduces the amount of coolant reaching the V-shaped groove portion and reduces the amount of coolant that penetrates into the labyrinth chamber. The coolant that has collided with the V-shaped groove and dropped onto the shutter portion slides along the fifth inclined portion and falls to the outer peripheral side of the shutter portion. The spindle device of the working machine of claim 5 or claim 6 has an external air introduction passage for introducing an outside air into the inside of the labyrinth. The pressure inside the labyrinth chamber is close to atmospheric pressure due to the introduction of external air. The pressure of the coolant becomes lower because it penetrates into the labyrinth chamber. It is difficult for the coolant to penetrate between the spindle and the spindle housing. The infiltration of the coolant can be prevented without providing compressed air. Therefore, the running cost can be reduced. [Embodiment] -8- 201021964 Detailed description The main shaft housing 3 is mounted. The main unit has two guides i and 2a, and the main diagram is omitted. The rotation axis (the rotation of the figure is rotated by rotation, and the rotation of 2a, 2a, ί 1 can be freely extended above and below) is covered. The lower portion of the main shaft of the oil casing 3 is covered. The nozzle is formed below the spindle cover 8, and the present invention is referred to the drawings showing the best mode of the embodiment. As shown in Fig. 1, the spindle device 1 of the present invention has a spindle head 2 having a front end portion (left end portion in Fig. 1) of the spindle head 2 at its base end portion (the right end portion in Fig. 1). ) The lead portions 2a and 2a and the one nut portion 2b. Two guide portions 2ί The shaft head 2 is supported by a column (I. The nut portion 2b, which is screwed to the lower direction of the column, is omitted). The screw shaft is driven by a Z-axis motor (not shown). The spindle head 2 including the nut portion 2b is moved in the direction (up-and-down direction) of the screw shaft of the screw shaft. The guiding portion is used to guide the movement of the spindle head 2 in the up and down direction. As shown in Fig. 2, the main shaft housing 3 has a cylindrical shape in which the main shaft is pivotally supported at the center portion thereof. The main shaft 11 is an axis extending in the Φ direction. The main shaft 11 is a spindle motor (rotation is omitted in the drawing. The lower end of the main shaft housing 3 is covered by the annular main shaft cover 8 and is fixed to the main g end surface by a plurality of bolts (not shown). The main shaft cover 8 The lower part (the inner peripheral portion and the outer portion) is a member 12 covered by the annular nozzle forming member 12, and is a lower surface fixed by a plurality of bolts (not shown). The spindle 11 is passed through the spindle. The center hole of the cover 8 protrudes below the spindle housing 3 201021964. The spindle 11 has a tool mounting hole 11a at the center of the lower end surface. The tool mounting hole 11a is a tapered hole whose diameter is reduced upward. The tool (not shown) is held. In the conical tool holder (not shown), the spindle device 1 can be attached to the lower end of the main shaft 11 by inserting the tool holder into the tool mounting hole 11a. The nozzle forming member 12 is in the lower inner circumference. The portion 'haves a plurality of nozzle holes 12b, 12b, .... The plurality of nozzle holes 12b, 12b, ... are in communication with the coolant chamber 12c. The coolant is discharged downward through the coolant chamber 12c and the nozzle holes 12b, 12b. Nozzle holes 12b, 12b The coolant is ejected obliquely toward the center of the main shaft 11. The coolant to be ejected is a workpiece that is sprayed toward the tool. As shown in Fig. 2, the main shaft 11 is provided with a bolt (not shown) fixed to the lower portion. An end surface cover 13 of the outer peripheral portion of the end surface. The end surface cover 13 projects further outward than the outer circumference of the main shaft 11. The projecting portion of the end surface cover 13 faces the inner peripheral portion of the spindle cover 8 with a gap therebetween. The outer circumference of 13 is an inner circumference facing the center hole of the nozzle forming member 12 with a gap therebetween. The spindle device 1' of the present invention includes an opposite portion provided between the end surface cover 13 and the spindle cover 8, and the end surface cover 13 and the nozzle are formed. The labyrinth portion 21 of the opposing portion of the member 12. As shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the spindle cover 8 has an annular portion 8a that protrudes downward in the inner peripheral portion. The annular portion 8a is on the outermost peripheral side. The lower end has an inclined portion 8b (corresponding to the fourth inclined portion). The annular portion 8a has an inclined portion 8 〇 (corresponding to the second inclination 201021964) at the lower end of the inner peripheral side of the inclined portion 8b. The inclined portion 8c' is It is connected to the inclined portion 8b through the vertical wall portion 8d. The direction of inclination of the 8b and 8c is the direction in which the outer peripheral side is upward. The end surface cover 13 has an outer peripheral wall 13c and an inclined portion 13d (corresponding to the first inclined portion) connected to the inner peripheral side of the wall portion i3c. The upper portion ' of the portion i3c faces the lower portion of the wall portion 8d of the spindle cover 8 with a small gap therebetween. The lower portion of the wall portion 13c is connected to the outside by the inclined portion 13b (corresponding to the fifth inclined portion). The closed portion 13a. The direction in which the inclined portions 13d and 13b are inclined is the direction in which the outer peripheral side is downward. The inclined portion 13d of the end surface cover 13 faces the inclined portion 8c of the spindle cover 8, and forms the labyrinth chamber 15. The outer side of the labyrinth chamber 15 is a small gap 16a connected to the "between the wall portion 13c of the end surface cover 13 and the wall portion 8d of the spindle cover 8". The inner side of the labyrinth chamber 15 is connected to the second labyrinth chamber 17 through the small gap 16b. The second labyrinth chamber 17 is the innermost peripheral portion of the opposing portion between the spindle cover 8 and the end cover 13 . The second labyrinth chamber 17 is connected to the air chamber 19 through a small gap 18 which is "between the inner peripheral surface of the spindle cover 8 and the outer peripheral surface of the spindle 1 1". The air chamber 19 is formed between the inner circumferential surface of the main shaft cover 8 and the outer circumferential surface of the main shaft 11. The air chamber 19 is connected to an air supply hole 20 that penetrates the spindle cover 8 in the radial direction. The air supply hole 20 is a supply circuit (not shown) that is connected to the compressed air through an opening in the outer circumference of the main shaft cover 8. The compressed air enters the second labyrinth chamber 17 through the air supply hole 20, the air chamber 19, and the gap 18, and passes through the gap 16b and the labyrinth chamber 15' from the outer peripheral wall portion 13c of the end surface cover 13 and the wall of the spindle cover 8. The gap 16a between the portions 8d is blown out -11 · 201021964 The labyrinth portion 21 is composed of the labyrinth chamber 15, the second labyrinth chamber 17, the gap 16a, the gap 16b, and the gap 18. As shown in Fig. 3, the nozzle forming member 12 is fitted to the outside of the annular portion 8a of the spindle cover 8. The nozzle forming member 12 has an inclined portion 12a (corresponding to a third inclined portion) on the inner circumference of the lower portion. The inclined portion 1 2a faces the outer side of the inclined portion 8b on the outermost peripheral side of the spindle cover 8. As described above, the direction in which the inclined portion 8b is inclined is the direction in which the outer peripheral side is upward. The direction in which the inclined portion 12a is inclined is a direction in which the outer peripheral side is downward. The inclined portion 8b and the inclined portion 12a form a V-shaped groove 14 at the opposite portion. The V-shaped groove 14 faces the upper side of the shutter portion 13a provided on the outer periphery of the lower end portion of the end surface cover 13. Next, the operation and effect of the spindle device 1 of the present invention will be described. In the working machine, the workpiece inside the processing chamber is processed by a tool attached to the spindle 11 of the spindle device 1. The coolant supply circuit ' is discharged from the nozzle holes 12b, 12b, ... provided in the nozzle forming member 12 toward the workpiece being processed. The coolant collides with the workpiece and scatters to the periphery of the spindle unit 1. The spindle device 1 of the present invention includes a labyrinth portion 21 formed between the spindle cover 8 and the end surface cover 13 and the nozzle forming member 12. The labyrinth portion 21 is composed of two labyrinth chambers 15 and 17 and three gaps 16a, 16b, and 18, and a part of the coolant that is scattered around the spindle device 1 is struck by the outer periphery of the end face cover 13 The portion 13a is dropped and does not penetrate into the labyrinth portion -12-20102196421. A part of the coolant scattered around the spindle device 1 adheres to the V-shaped groove 14. The coolant adhering to the groove 14 slides along the inclination of the inclined portion 8b and the inclined portion 12a, and does not penetrate into the labyrinth portion 21. The coolant sliding along the inclined portion 8b is dropped onto the shutter portion 13a. The shutter portion 13a is provided with an inclined portion 13b on the upper surface. The coolant that has fallen onto the shutter portion i3a slides down along the inclined portion 13b and returns to the inside of the processing chamber. The shutter portion 13a and the V-shaped groove 14 can function to reduce the amount of the coolant that permeates into the labyrinth portion 21 by blocking the cooling portion φ liquid '. The other coolant penetrates into the labyrinth chamber 15 through the gap 16a. The size of the labyrinth chamber 15 is sufficiently larger than the gap 16a. The pressure of the coolant drops as it penetrates into the labyrinth chamber 15. Therefore, it is difficult for the coolant to penetrate into the gap 16b connected to the inner side of the labyrinth chamber 15. The labyrinth chamber 15 has an inclined portion 8c at its upper portion and an inclined portion 13d at its lower portion. The inclined portion 13 is connected to the gap 16a. The coolant 'permeating into the labyrinth chamber 15' is attached to the inclined portion 8c or the inclined portion 13d. The coolant ' adhered to the inclined φ portion 8c slides toward the inner peripheral side of the spindle cover 8, and falls onto the inclined portion 13d. The coolant that has fallen onto the inclined portion 13d and the coolant that has adhered to the inclined portion 13d slide toward the outer peripheral side of the end surface cover 13 and return to the processing chamber through the gap 16a. The coolant does not stay in the inside of the labyrinth chamber 15 and it is difficult to penetrate into the gap 丨 6b connected to the inside of the labyrinth chamber 15. In the spindle device 1, compressed air flows inside the labyrinth portion 21. The compressed air ' enters the air chamber 19 through the air supply hole 20, flows through the gap 18, the second labyrinth chamber 17, the gap 16b, and the labyrinth chamber 15, and is blown out from the gap 16a. The air flowing through the inside of the labyrinth chamber 15 pushes the coolant inside the diameter chamber 15 of the curved line -13 - 201021964 outward. The air blown out from the gap 16a prevents the coolant from penetrating through the gap 16a, and presses the coolant adhering to the inclined portion 8b and the inclined portion 13b outward. The spindle device 1 of the present invention includes a shutter portion 13a and a V-shaped groove 14. The shutter portion 13a and the groove 14 can reduce the amount of the coolant entering the labyrinth portion 21. The labyrinth portion 21 can reduce the pressure of the coolant by the large-diameter labyrinth chamber 15, and can prevent the retention of the coolant by the inclined portions 8c and 13d provided on the upper and lower sides of the labyrinth chamber 15, so that the coolant can be effectively prevented. Infiltration. In the spindle device 1 of the present invention, it is possible to prevent the penetration of the coolant only by flowing a small amount of air into the inside of the labyrinth portion 21. The spindle device 1 of the present invention can reduce the running cost without consuming a large amount of air. The coolant does not reach the bearing that supports the main shaft 11, and the lubricating grease for the bearing is not lost. The spindle device 1 of the present invention can improve the durability of the bearing for supporting the spindle 11, and can continue to operate under good conditions for a long period of time. Modifications of the above-described embodiments will be partially modified. 1) The air flowing into the labyrinth portion 21 may be an outside air. In the modification shown in Fig. 4, the spindle device includes a cover member 30 attached to the lower side of the nozzle forming member 12. The cover member 30 is provided with an external air introduction passage 31. The external air introduction passage 31 has an external air introduction port 31a whose opening is formed on the lower side of the cover member 30. The external air introduction passage 31 communicates with the labyrinth chamber 15 through the annular portion 8a of the spindle cover 8. The internal pressure of the labyrinth chamber 15 is lower than the external gas pressure when the working machine is in operation. The outside air -14-201021964 enters the inside of the labyrinth chamber 15 through the outside air introduction passage 31. The internal pressure of the labyrinth chamber 15 is formed to be substantially equal to the atmospheric pressure, and the pressure of the coolant permeating into the labyrinth chamber 15 is sufficiently lowered. In the modified form, the spindle unit can effectively prevent the penetration of the coolant into the main shaft and the main shaft housing without consuming compressed air. Therefore, the running cost can be reduced. 2) In the embodiment, the spindle device includes a second labyrinth chamber 17 that communicates in series with the labyrinth chamber 15. The labyrinth chambers can also be arranged in series to provide more than three. The labyrinth chambers 15 may be provided in two or more or more in series. As apparent from the above detailed description, the spindle device of the machine tool of the present invention includes a labyrinth portion provided between the spindle cover and the end cover. The labyrinth prevents coolant from penetrating between the spindle and the spindle housing. The labyrinth section has a labyrinth chamber. The labyrinth chamber has a first inclined portion formed on the end surface cover and a second inclined portion formed on the main shaft cover. The pressure of the coolant can be lowered by entering the labyrinth chamber. It is difficult for the coolant to penetrate between the spindle and the spindle housing. The coolant adheres to the first inclined portion or the second inclined portion inside the curved φ diameter chamber. The coolant 'attached to the second inclined portion is slid along the inclination and falls to the inner peripheral portion of the first inclined portion. The coolant adhering to the second inclined portion and the coolant falling to the inner peripheral portion of the first inclined portion are inclined to the outer peripheral side and are dropped to the outside of the labyrinth. The labyrinth chamber prevents the infiltration of coolant and discharges the coolant remaining inside. The spindle device of the present invention can effectively prevent the coolant from penetrating between the main shaft and the main shaft casing. The amount of air passing through the labyrinth portion can be reduced in a small amount, and the running cost can be reduced. • 15-201021964 [Simplified description of the drawings] Fig. 1 is a side view showing the mounting state of the spindle device of the working machine of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the front end of the main shaft and the main shaft housing. Fig. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing the front end of the main shaft and the main shaft housing. Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a modification of the front end portion of the main shaft and the main shaft casing. [Description of main component symbols] 1 : Spindle device 2: Spindle head 2a: Guide portion 2b: Nut portion 3: Spindle housing 8: Spindle cover 8a: Annular portion 8b: Inclined portion (corresponding to the fourth inclined portion) 8c : inclined portion (corresponding to second inclined portion): wall portion 11 : main shaft 1 1 a : tool mounting hole 1 2 : nozzle forming member 1 2a : inclined portion (corresponding to third inclined portion) 12b : nozzle hole - 16 - 201021964 1 2 c : Coolant chamber 13 : End cover 1 3 a : Closing portion 1 3b : Inclined portion (corresponding to the fifth inclined portion) 13c : Wall portion 13 d : Inclined portion (corresponding to the first inclined portion) 14 : groove 1 5 : labyrinth chamber 16a : gap 16b : gap 17 : second labyrinth chamber 18 : gap 19 : air chamber 20 : air supply hole 21 : labyrinth portion 3 〇 : cover member 31 : external gas introduction passage 31a: external gas inlet