201019275 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種警報裝置及方法，且更特定而言，係 關於一具有經改良可聽度之高效率揚聲器警報器，其重量 輕、緊凑且成本低。 【先前技術】 典型的火災警報器且特定而言家庭用警報器係經設計以 在火災或其他有害情況（諸如煙霧或高含量一氧化碳）下向 人們發出警報之小裝置。習用設計包含一在前面具有—感 測器及一揚聲器之圓柱形警報器。該設計之厚度通常約為 10-15 cm’儘管此厚度可隨設計而改變。此等裝置之一聲 音產生器及揚聲器通常係一壓電盤，此乃因壓電盤係緊凑 且不吊責。圖1中顯示一習用火災警報/煙霧偵測器裝置之 一典型聲音響應。 參照圖1 ’顯示一正規化頻率譜，其中標繪出聲壓級 (SPL ’以dB為單位）與頻率（Hz)之比對。注意，峰值響應 僅大於3千赫。習用警報器之聲音產生器之一個問題係主 頻率通常約為3千赫，且係如此高以致易於受到牆壁及門 之阻尼。在此頻率下，該信號不足以使睡眠中的人可聽 到。若火災警報/煙霧偵測器不在臥室或個別人正在睡覺 的區域中’或若火災警報/煙霧偵測器位於房子的不同樓 層’則此問題會變得更為嚴重。 對於煙霧偵測器/火災警報器，許多政府要求在一床枕 邊之聲級應在至少7〇或75 dBA之間。儘管有此要求，但對 136160.doc 201019275 於聽力弱的人或若聽力臨限值已升高（隨著一個人變老， 此情形係常見），該問題變得更為嚴重。 D. Bruck及M. Ball(在下文中稱為Bruck)在2005年9月於 北京召開的第八屆國際火災安全科學協會國際研討會之會 議文件中發表的"睡眠與火災：誰處在危險中且能否減少 危險？ ”中闡述關於火災安全的增加之危險因素。以下係 一來自Bruck之引用，其中以括號内數字顯示之參考係 Bruck論文中之參考而非來自當前文檔。 "然而’若存在額外危險因素，則假定睡眠成為火災死 亡之一相當大危險。關於煙霧警報及睡眠之研究告訴我 們，相當重要的"熟睡中"危險因素包括： •具有高背景雜訊位準， •係一沉睡者， •睡眠不足， •係一兒童， •受安眠藥之影響， •醉酒（即使中等程度，〇.05 BAC)， •聽力受損（對於高音高信號，此包含許多超過6〇的人） 由於此等危險因素意味著在任何一個晚上有相當一部分 人在出現火災提示或—警報信號時自始至終處於睡眠狀態 之可能性增加，因此必須解決哪種類型之警報信號最佳之 問題。幸運地’不同警報之喚醒效力之對比研究得出相同 、〇〇«自針對兒童、清醒的成人及醉酒的成人所做研究得 出之也據表明在—較低音量下低頻率信號比高頻率信號更 136160.doc 201019275201019275 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an alarm device and method, and more particularly to a high-efficiency speaker alarm with improved audibility, which is light and tight It is cheap and cheap. [Prior Art] A typical fire alarm and, in particular, a home alarm is a small device designed to alert people in the event of a fire or other hazardous situation, such as smoke or high levels of carbon monoxide. The conventional design includes a cylindrical alarm with a sensor and a speaker on the front. The thickness of this design is typically about 10-15 cm' although this thickness can vary from design to design. One of the sound generators and speakers of such devices is usually a piezoelectric disk because the piezoelectric disk is compact and unreliable. A typical acoustic response of a conventional fire alarm/smoke detector device is shown in FIG. Referring to Figure 1', a normalized frequency spectrum is shown in which the sound pressure level (SPL 'in dB) versus frequency (Hz) is plotted. Note that the peak response is only greater than 3 kHz. One problem with the sound generators of conventional alarms is that the main frequency is typically about 3 kHz and is so high that it is susceptible to damping by walls and doors. At this frequency, the signal is not sufficient for people in sleep to hear. This problem becomes more serious if the fire alarm/smoke detector is not in the bedroom or in the area where the individual is sleeping, or if the fire alarm/smoke detector is located in a different floor of the house. For smoke detectors/fire alarms, many governments require that the sound level on the pillow side be between at least 7 or 75 dBA. Despite this requirement, the problem becomes more serious for people with weak hearing or if the hearing threshold has increased (as is the case when a person gets older). D. Bruck and M. Ball (hereafter referred to as Bruck) published in the meeting of the 8th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science in Beijing in September 2005. Sleep and Fire: Who is at Risk Can it reduce the danger? The risk factors for increased fire safety are described in the following. A reference from Bruck is given in the reference frame of the Bruck paper in figures in parentheses rather than from the current document. "However, if there are additional risk factors, It is assumed that sleep is a considerable risk of fire death. Research on smoke alarms and sleep tells us that the most important "sleeping" risk factors include: • High background noise levels, • One sleeper, • Insufficient sleep, • One child, • Influenced by sleeping pills, • Drunk (even moderate, 〇.05 BAC), • Hearing impairment (for high pitch signals, this includes many people over 6〇) Because of this The risk factor means that on a given night, a significant number of people are more likely to be asleep when they have a fire alert or an alarm signal, so it is necessary to resolve which type of warning signal is the best. Fortunately, 'different alarms A comparative study of the effects of awakening yields the same, 〇〇 «self-targeting children, awake adults and drunkenness Research was done out of an adult It also shows that - at a lower volume of low frequency signals than the high frequency signal more 136160.doc 201019275
可能喚醒此等個別人。一低音高T-3嘟嘟信號及女性語音 警報兩者皆與一高音高警報相比可以一約13 dBA之低音量 引起清醒成人之一行動響應[10]。類似地，在相同高音量 下，一6至10歲兒童被一低音高T-3或語音警報喚醒之可能 性幾乎為被一高音高警報喚醒之兩倍大[27]。臨界最佳頻 率可能係彼等處在與人類語音（2500 Hz或更低）相同音高範 圍内的頻率，儘管一關於嬰兒在睡眠中之響應性之研究 [35]表明較低頻率（120_250 Hz)為最佳。代表耳背之個別 人的人們支持一介於1〇〇與700 Hz之間的音調[36]。·， 習用聲音警報器因其大小及成本要求而不提供最佳振幅 或頻率響應。此等習用設計主要使用一壓電盤（其具有上 述缺點）或採用一安裝至一（折疊式）喇叭中之揚聲器而此 受到相同之限制。因此，需要一種經改良之警報裝置。 【發明内容】 根據本發明原理，提供一種警報裝置，其包含一比習用 設計較少衰減之經改良響應且提供一具成本效率之輕重量 緊湊設計。該經改良裝置可採用可自一小型裝置同時且有 效轄射之多音調信號。在一個實施例中，以一小而高效之 揚聲器取代習錢電盤聲音產生器。小揚聲器可安裝於一 管子中，且能夠同時產生一瀚 種以上音調。在另一實施例 中’採用揚聲器再現語音訊自 一、 心如此做的一個優點係提供 一低成本、緊凑且重量輕憨 A 、 警報器，以使其針對聽力受損 或在類似受到牆壁阻 度。 匕〈田難情況下具有經改良之可聽 136160.doc 201019275 -警報裝置及方法包含一細長腔及一耦合至該腔之一第 一端部分之揚聲器’其中該揚聲器所產生之聲音經引導而 穿過該腔以提供-可聽聲音^該腔及該揚聲器經組態且經 尺寸確定從而以該揚聲器及該腔之_響應譜提供大致在系 統阻抗之第-與第二共振頻率峰值之間的—反共振頻率下 之可聽聲音。May awaken these individuals. A bass high T-3 beep signal and a female voice alarm can both be a 13 dBA low volume compared to a high pitch alarm, causing one of the conscious adults to respond [10]. Similarly, at the same high volume, the likelihood of a 6-10 year old child being awakened by a high bass T-3 or voice alert is almost twice as large as a high pitch alarm [27]. The critical optimal frequencies may be at frequencies that are within the same pitch range as human speech (2500 Hz or lower), although a study of infant responsiveness in sleep [35] indicates lower frequencies (120_250 Hz). ) is the best. People representing individuals in the back of the ear support a tone between 1 and 700 Hz [36]. · Conventional audible alarms do not provide optimal amplitude or frequency response due to their size and cost requirements. These conventional designs primarily use a piezoelectric disk (which has the above disadvantages) or a speaker mounted in a (folding) speaker which is subject to the same limitations. Therefore, there is a need for an improved alarm device. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the principles of the present invention, an alarm device is provided that includes an improved response that is less attenuated than conventional designs and that provides a cost effective, lightweight, compact design. The improved device can employ multiple tonal signals that can be simultaneously and effectively conditioned from a small device. In one embodiment, the money disk sound generator is replaced by a small and efficient speaker. The small speakers can be mounted in a single tube and can produce more than one tone at a time. In another embodiment, the advantage of using a speaker to reproduce a voice message from a heart is to provide a low cost, compact and lightweight A, siren to make it impaired for hearing or similar to the wall. Resistance.匕 <Improved audible 136160.doc 201019275 - The alarm device and method comprise an elongated cavity and a speaker coupled to a first end portion of the cavity, wherein the sound produced by the speaker is guided Passing through the cavity to provide an audible sound ^ the cavity and the speaker are configured and sized to provide a substantially responsiveness between the first and second resonant frequency peaks of the system impedance with the speaker and cavity response spectrum The audible sound at the anti-resonant frequency.
一谓測器裝置包含-觸發裝置，其經組態以根據一情沉 觸發-警報信號一警報裝置包含一管子及一耦合至該管 子之一第一端部分之揚聲器，其中該揚聲器所產生之聲音 經引導而穿過該管子以提供一可聽聲音，該管子及該揚聲 器經組態且經尺寸確定從而以該揚聲器及該管子之一響應 譜中提供大致在系統阻抗之第—與第二共振頻率峰值之間 的反共振頻率下之可聽聲音。一控制器麵合至該觸發裝 置且經組態以根據警報信號啟動該警報裝置。 -種用於發出一警報聲之方法，其包含提供一警報裝 置’該警報裝置包含-細長腔及一麵合至該腔之一第一端 刀之揚聲器’其中該揚聲器所產生之聲音經引導而穿過 該腔以提供-可聽聲音。該腔及該揚聲器經組態從而以該 揚聲器及該腔之-響應譜提供大致在系統阻抗之第一與第 二共振頻率峰值之間的—反共振頻率下之可聽聲音。藉由 啟動該揚聲器產生該可聽聲音。 結合附圖閲讀下文對本發明說明性實施例之詳細闞述， 本發明之此等及其他目標、特徵及優點將變得顯而易見。 【實施方式】 136160.doc -9- 201019275 本揭示内容闡述警報/警報裝置且特定而言闌述用於煙 霧偵測器、火災警報器、防盜警報器或其他警報系統之家 庭用警報裝置。應瞭解，將依據小型警報裝置來闞述本發 明實施例；然而，本揭示内容之教示更寬廣且適用於任何 可用於再現聲波之組件。舉例而言，用於播音系統、汽車 喇队、汽笛等等。本文所闞述之實施例較佳用於家庭使 用’此乃因其具有在家庭環境中減小聲音衰減之優點。然 而，如上所述，家庭使用僅係對一單個應用之說明。其他 應用可包含在任何環境中使用之氣喇八、發信裝置或類似 裝置。 警報裝置可由複數種不同材料製作，諸如金屬（例如， 鋼、黃銅）、木材、塑膠或其他合適材料。在一個實施例 中’較佳使用塑膠來製作該裝置之一管子，因為塑膠具成 本效率、易於模製成形，且在環境中抗分解。 亦應理解，警報裝置之說明性實例可適於包含電子組 件、軟體模組及複數個不同電源》可將此等組件安裝於警 報裝置中或安裝在其他組件上。電元件可係可程式化且包 含複數種不同感測器類型。圖中所緣示之元件可以各種組 合來實施’且提供可組合於一單個元件或多個元件中之功 能。 現在參照圖式，其中相似編號表示相同或類似元件，且 首先參照圖2 ’圖中顯示一根據一個說明性實施例之警報 裝置100。裝置1〇〇包含一第一室104，其形成一經組態以 接納一揚聲器102之帶通箱。揚聲器102較佳足夠小以便直 136160.doc • ία- 201019275 接安裝至第-室104之-内徑。可將室1〇4分離成兩個容積 V0及V〗。谷積ν〇係由室104之側壁，後壁1〇8及揚聲器1〇2 或任選板110(其上安裝有揚聲器）限界。板no可經採用 以適於在室104内部置放不同之揚聲器1〇2。容積V1與一開 放腔]06流體及聲音連通。腔〗〇6可包含一管子或管且包含 一内剖面sp，其可為任一形狀。腔1〇6之長度為、。 在圖3中所繪示之一替代實施例中，一裝置2〇〇包含一安 裝於一室204中之揚聲器2〇2。室2〇4與一長埠或管2〇6形成 一反射箱。此消除了一分離容積管或管子2〇6包含一 内剖面sp，其可為任一形狀。腔2〇6之長度為％。 參照圓4，為獲得一高效率，一個替代實施例可將一揚 聲器/驅動器302安裝於一管子3〇6，使得驅動器3〇2之一直 徑D1小於管子306之一直徑Dp。在此情況下，可端視所期 望之頻率響應消除或最小化容積Vj。 在圖2、3和4中，管1〇6、206或306可係任一形狀細長 腔。室、揚聲器及腔經設計以具有高效率，可達成高效率 之緣由在於將該管之腔充當一共鳴器。該系統需要具有低 阻尼（高Q，參見，例如，圖6中之峰值502)，若管之壁係 平滑且管不太狹窄（亦即，例如，在直徑或厚度上較佳大 於2 cm),則可達成此低阻尼。在一個實施例中，可選擇 參數以最佳化效能》在一個實例中，揚聲器在工作頻率匕 下之一電阻抗約係在直流（DC)下之阻抗之兩倍。 若量測系統（安裝於腔中之揚聲器）之直流（DC==零頻率） 電阻，則此即係所謂的音圈DC電阻（Z(DC))。若在工作頻 136l60.doc •11 - 201019275 率（安裝於腔中之揚眷哭、 — 揚聲W下量測電電阻，則將此稱為 現在需要叩_)約係2*z(dc) 揚 聲器與外殼很好地裝配在一起，且其得到最佳調譜。= 文中稱此為調諧準則。亦可採用其他調諧準則。舉例而 S，在工作頻率下之電阻抗較佳約係直流阻抗的兩倍；然 而，在其他實施例中，-最低工作頻率下之電阻抗等於反A predator device includes a triggering device configured to trigger a warning signal according to an emotion-alarm signal. The alarm device includes a tube and a speaker coupled to a first end portion of the tube, wherein the speaker generates The sound is directed through the tube to provide an audible sound, the tube and the speaker being configured and dimensioned to provide substantially the first and second impedance of the system in response spectrum of the speaker and the tube An audible sound at the anti-resonant frequency between the peaks of the resonant frequency. A controller is coupled to the trigger device and configured to activate the alarm device based on the alarm signal. a method for emitting an alarm sound, comprising: providing an alarm device comprising: an elongated cavity and a speaker coupled to a first end of the cavity, wherein the sound generated by the speaker is guided And through the cavity to provide - audible sound. The cavity and the speaker are configured to provide an audible sound at an anti-resonant frequency between the first and second resonant frequency peaks of the system impedance with the speaker and the response spectrum of the cavity. The audible sound is produced by activating the speaker. The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the accompanying drawings. [Embodiment] 136160.doc -9- 201019275 The present disclosure describes an alarm/alarm device and, in particular, a home alarm device for a smoke detector, fire alarm, burglar alarm or other alarm system. It will be appreciated that embodiments of the present invention will be described in terms of small alarm devices; however, the teachings of the present disclosure are broader and applicable to any component that can be used to reproduce acoustic waves. For example, for broadcasting systems, car squads, whistle, etc. The embodiments described herein are preferred for home use' because of the advantages of reducing sound attenuation in a home environment. However, as noted above, home use is merely an illustration of a single application. Other applications may include a gas occlusion device, a signaling device, or the like that is used in any environment. The alarm device can be made from a variety of different materials, such as metal (eg, steel, brass), wood, plastic, or other suitable material. In one embodiment, it is preferred to use plastic to make one of the tubes of the device because the plastic is cost effective, easy to mold, and resistant to decomposition in the environment. It should also be understood that illustrative examples of alarm devices can be adapted to include electronic components, software modules, and a plurality of different power sources. These components can be installed in an alarm device or mounted on other components. Electrical components can be programmed and include a plurality of different sensor types. The elements shown in the figures can be implemented in various combinations and provide the functionality that can be combined in a single element or multiple elements. Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or the like, and FIG. The device 1A includes a first chamber 104 that forms a bandpass box configured to receive a speaker 102. The speaker 102 is preferably small enough to be mounted 136160.doc • ία- 201019275 to the inner diameter of the first chamber 104. Chamber 1〇4 can be separated into two volumes V0 and V. The valley is bounded by the side walls of the chamber 104, the rear wall 1〇8 and the speaker 1〇2 or the optional board 110 on which the speakers are mounted. Plate no can be employed to accommodate different speakers 1〇2 within chamber 104. The volume V1 is in fluid and acoustic communication with an open chamber]06. The cavity 〇6 may comprise a tube or tube and comprise an internal section sp, which may be of any shape. The length of the cavity 1〇6 is . In an alternate embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, a device 2A includes a speaker 2〇2 mounted in a chamber 204. The chamber 2〇4 forms a reflecting box with a long raft or tube 2〇6. This eliminates a separate volume tube or tube 2〇6 which contains an internal section sp which can be of any shape. The length of the cavity 2〇6 is %. Referring to circle 4, in order to achieve a high efficiency, an alternative embodiment can mount a speaker/driver 302 to a tube 3〇6 such that the driver D2 has a diameter D1 that is less than one of the diameters Dp of the tube 306. In this case, the volume response can be eliminated or minimized by looking at the desired frequency response. In Figures 2, 3 and 4, the tube 1〇6, 206 or 306 can be an elongated cavity of any shape. The chamber, the speaker and the chamber are designed to be highly efficient, and the high efficiency is achieved by the cavity of the tube acting as a resonator. The system needs to have low damping (high Q, see, for example, peak 502 in Figure 6) if the wall of the tube is smooth and the tube is not too narrow (i.e., preferably greater than 2 cm in diameter or thickness) , this low damping can be achieved. In one embodiment, parameters can be selected to optimize performance. In one example, the electrical impedance of one of the speakers at the operating frequency is approximately twice the impedance at direct current (DC). If the measurement system (the speaker installed in the cavity) has a DC (DC==zero frequency) resistance, this is the so-called voice coil DC resistance (Z(DC)). If the working frequency is 136l60.doc •11 - 201019275 rate (installed in the cavity, the crying, the sound is measured under the sound, then this is called now 叩 _) about 2 * z (dc) The speaker is well assembled with the housing and it is optimally tuned. = This is referred to as the tuning criterion. Other tuning guidelines can also be used. For example, S, the electrical impedance at the operating frequency is preferably about twice the DC impedance; however, in other embodiments, the electrical impedance at the lowest operating frequency is equal to the inverse
共振頻率’其係、-直流阻抗的約i倍與約3 5倍之間，且較 佳在約1.75與約2.25倍之間。 參照圖5，選擇一規定頻率以與-顯示為Fb之反共振 頻率大致一致。該反共振冑率匕係—冑輸入阻抗曲線 (Ζ(Ω))達到前兩個阻抗峰值4〇2與4〇4(在頻率標度上從左 看）之間的一局部最小值時的頻率。阻抗峰值402及404對 應於包含室1〇4(2〇4)及管子106(206)之系統之自然或共振 頻率，或在圖4中，對應於揚聲器3〇2及管子3〇6之自然頻 率。可藉由選擇揚聲器（驅動器）之性質及室與管之尺寸來 選擇自然頻率fl及f2。 接著，可將Fb選擇或量測且用作裝置之運作頻率。選擇 Fb之一優點為實現一低成本、緊湊且重量輕之警報器以 使其具有用於聽力受損或供在類似受到牆壁高阻尼之困難 情況下使用之經改良之可聽度。此因至少運作頻率低於習 用裝置而得以實現《另外，藉由採用一揚聲器（諸如在一 無線電或其他裝置中發現的彼等揚聲器）可達成多種音 調。在一個實施例中，揚聲器可同時提供多於一種音調。 參照囷5及圖6，一室、揚聲器及細長形腔（分別為圖2、 136160.doc •12· 201019275 3及4中之i〇6、206及/或306)形成一共振系統。細長形腔可 包含一管子，其具有一圓形（橢圓或圓形剖面），一矩形（例 如，一矩形或正方形剖面）或任何其他形狀之剖面。此結 構較佳提供大致在系統阻抗之第一與第二共振頻率峰值 (圖5)之間的一反共振頻率下之可聽聲音。換言之圖6之 第一峰值（502)與圖5(在頻率Fb下）之蜂值402與404之間 的最小值一致。注意，圖6之垂直軸為SpL (dB)且圖5之垂 直軸係以歐姆為單位之電阻抗之量值。 儘管可採用其他準則，但較佳選擇管子尺寸及揚聲器大 小，使得在反共振頻率Fb下系統之一電阻抗係Dc電阻抗之 兩倍。可改變警報音調之頻率，使得一目標可最佳地聽 到。在一個實施例中，可調整管子或腔（1〇6、2〇6或3〇6)之 長度，以便滿足調諧準則。此可藉由使（例如）管子可伸縮 (例如，類似一汽車天線）以便可最佳化及調整長度來達 成。 在另一實施例中，可藉由調整管或室之特性來調整反共 振頻率。可執行調諧以增加聽見一特定音調之可能性。舉 例而S，若一煙霧警報器之使用者聽力受損，則可將警報 器調整至一特定而言可使彼使用者可聽見之頻率範圍。 同樣參照圖4，將一小揚聲器3〇2安裝於一管子3〇6之上/之 中。管子306可在任一方向上，曲或折疊。圖6中顯示一原型 機之聲音響應之-實例。出於說明目的，管子之—直徑^及 長度Lp分別係3 em及15 cm ’且揚聲器之—直徑係2 4⑽。 在圖4之說明性實施例中，採用以下參數來執行測試。 136l60.doc -13- 201019275 對於揚聲器 302 : Re=6.6d(DC 電阻），Rm=0.49 Ns/m(揚聲 器安裝懸掛件之機械阻力），Bl=2.56 N/A(揚聲器之馬達力 因子）’ S丨=0.000452 m2(揚聲器面積），〇丨=0.024 m(揚聲器 之有效直徑），fs=360 Hz(揚聲器之共振頻率），及 meO.OOOS? kg(揚聲器之運動質量）。對於系統：Vi = 1 em3 (室容積），Lp=15 cm(管或管子306之長度），Dp==3〇 mm(管 子306之直徑）。應瞭解，此等參數旨在說明目的且不應將 其解釋為具有限制性》 參照圖6，其顯示在基頻率之各種電壓下圖4所述之原型 機針對說明性參數之SPL。電壓1 v_6 v表示揚聲器電力電 壓，其較佳係DC電力（例如’來自一電池）。應注意，可採 用其他電源（諸如AC電力）且採用一變壓器或將電力直接提 供至揚聲器或其控制電路。在所有曲線圖中，最高電壓為 提供最高SPL。工作頻率與圖6中之峰值5 02—致，其較佳 小於1000 Hz ’且在此實例（例如，原型機）中約係55〇 Hz。 在一較佳實施例中’可同時呈現一或多種音調。此等音 調較佳包含與圖6之峰值一致之頻率，以獲得高可聽度及 注意力。換言之’共振峰值502、504與圖6中具有較高頻 率（504左邊）之峰值對於兩種或更多種音調將係一致。在另 一實施例中，可採用揚聲器來再現語音訊息。 圖6中之峰值主要地由揚聲器箱（包含管）確定，因此可 較好地調整音調使得音調大致保持在1〇〇〇 Hz以下。在一 個實施例中，可藉由感測系統之阻抗（穿過揚聲器量測電 流及橫過揚聲器量測電壓）及調諧頻率（藉由調整腔或揚聲 136160.doc •14- 201019275 器）自動地調整音調， 率。 以便獲得所期望之 一個或多個頻The resonant frequency 'is between about - and about 35 times the DC impedance of the system, and preferably between about 1.75 and about 2.25 times. Referring to Figure 5, a predetermined frequency is selected to substantially coincide with the anti-resonance frequency of -shown as Fb. The anti-resonance rate 匕-胄 input impedance curve (Ζ(Ω)) reaches a local minimum between the first two impedance peaks 4〇2 and 4〇4 (from the left on the frequency scale) frequency. Impedance peaks 402 and 404 correspond to the natural or resonant frequency of the system containing chambers 1〇4(2〇4) and tubes 106(206), or in Figure 4, corresponding to the nature of speaker 3〇2 and tube 3〇6 frequency. The natural frequencies fl and f2 can be selected by selecting the nature of the speaker (driver) and the size of the chamber and tube. The Fb can then be selected or measured and used as the operating frequency of the device. One of the advantages of choosing Fb is to achieve a low cost, compact and lightweight alarm that has improved audibility for hearing impairment or for use in difficult situations that are subject to high wall damping. This is achieved by at least operating at a lower frequency than conventional devices. Additionally, a variety of tones can be achieved by employing a speaker such as those found in a radio or other device. In one embodiment, the speaker can provide more than one tone simultaneously. Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, a resonance system is formed by a chamber, a speaker, and an elongated cavity (i〇6, 206, and/or 306 in FIG. 2, 136160.doc • 12· 201019275 3 and 4, respectively). The elongated cavity may comprise a tube having a circular shape (elliptical or circular cross section), a rectangular shape (e.g., a rectangular or square cross section) or any other shape of the cross section. This configuration preferably provides an audible sound at approximately an anti-resonant frequency between the first and second resonant frequency peaks (Fig. 5) of the system impedance. In other words, the first peak (502) of Figure 6 coincides with the minimum value between the bee values 402 and 404 of Figure 5 (at frequency Fb). Note that the vertical axis of Figure 6 is SpL (dB) and the vertical axis of Figure 5 is the magnitude of the electrical impedance in ohms. Although other criteria may be employed, it is preferred to select the tube size and speaker size such that at one anti-resonant frequency Fb, one of the electrical impedances of the system is twice the electrical impedance. The frequency of the alarm tone can be changed so that a target is best audible. In one embodiment, the length of the tube or cavity (1〇6, 2〇6 or 3〇6) can be adjusted to meet tuning criteria. This can be achieved by, for example, retracting the tube (e.g., like a car antenna) so that it can be optimized and adjusted in length. In another embodiment, the anti-resonance frequency can be adjusted by adjusting the characteristics of the tube or chamber. Tuning can be performed to increase the likelihood of hearing a particular tone. For example, if the user of a smoke alarm is hearing impaired, the alarm can be adjusted to a frequency range that is specifically audible to the user. Referring also to Figure 4, a small speaker 3〇2 is mounted on/in a tube 3〇6. Tube 306 can be curved or folded in either direction. An example of the sound response of a prototype is shown in FIG. For purposes of illustration, the diameter- and length Lp of the tube are 3 em and 15 cm ', respectively, and the diameter of the speaker is 2 4 (10). In the illustrative embodiment of FIG. 4, the following parameters are employed to perform the test. 136l60.doc -13- 201019275 For speaker 302: Re=6.6d (DC resistance), Rm=0.49 Ns/m (mechanical resistance of the speaker mounting suspension), Bl=2.56 N/A (motor force factor of the loudspeaker)' S丨=0.000452 m2 (speaker area), 〇丨=0.024 m (effective diameter of the speaker), fs=360 Hz (resonance frequency of the speaker), and meO.OOOS?kg (sports quality of the speaker). For the system: Vi = 1 em3 (chamber volume), Lp = 15 cm (length of tube or tube 306), Dp == 3 〇 mm (diameter of tube 306). It should be understood that these parameters are intended to be illustrative and should not be construed as limiting. Referring to Figure 6, there is shown the SPL of the prototype of Figure 4 for illustrative parameters at various voltages of the fundamental frequency. Voltage 1 v_6 v represents the speaker power voltage, which is preferably DC power (e.g., 'from a battery). It should be noted that other power sources (such as AC power) may be employed and a transformer may be employed or provided directly to the speaker or its control circuitry. In all graphs, the highest voltage is the highest SPL. The operating frequency is the same as the peak value 5 02 in Fig. 6, which is preferably less than 1000 Hz' and is about 55 Hz in this example (e.g., prototype). In a preferred embodiment, one or more tones can be presented simultaneously. These tones preferably include frequencies consistent with the peaks of Figure 6 for high audibility and attention. In other words, the peaks of the 'resonance peaks 502, 504 and the higher frequency (left side 504) in Fig. 6 will be consistent for two or more tones. In another embodiment, a speaker can be employed to reproduce the voice message. The peak in Fig. 6 is mainly determined by the speaker box (including the tube), so the pitch can be well adjusted so that the pitch is kept substantially below 1 Hz. In one embodiment, the impedance of the sensing system (measuring the current through the speaker and measuring the voltage across the speaker) and the tuning frequency (by adjusting the cavity or speaker 136160.doc • 14-201019275) can be automated. Adjust the tone, rate. In order to obtain the desired one or more frequencies
可存在可共享相同峰值或可與另一音調共用至少一個峰 值之兩個或更多個音調。舉例而言，—第—音調可具有至 少峰值502及504。可將第—音調與—第二音調—起使用， 此兩者皆具有一在圖6之第一峰值(5〇2)下之頻率且一第 三音調可具有-在圖6之第二峰值⑽）下之頻率。音調較 佳同時呈現，但該等音調可交替以獲得更多注意。 參照圓7’其說明性地顯示根據一個應用之一警報裝置 6〇〇。警報裝置600可係一煙霧债測器、一火災警報器一 一氧化碳偵測器或任何其他經組態以感測一情況且提供一 可聽警報之裝置。裝置600包含一電源6〇8，其可包含一電 池或其他已知之電源。電源6〇8可藉由一開關61〇或其他裝 置導通以起始作業（例如’感測各種情況或啟動揚聲器⑽ 614)。較佳提供一或多個感測器6〇4以感測環境情況來啟 動可聽警報裝置620。 視應用或作業模式而定，亦可藉由啟動_開關（例如， 開關610)來手動地啟動警報裝置62〇。舉例而言若將裝 置600用作一一氧化碳偵測器，則當一感測器604(—處理 器/控制器612可執行比較）量冑到—氧化碳含量超過—臨限 值（可將其儲存於一記憶體6〇6中）時，藉由向揚聲器614供 電來啟動警報裝置62〇。 可採用其他事件來觸發警報裝置620之啟動。舉例而 言，可在一預定時間量（例如，鬧鐘或上課鈴）之後啟動警 136160.doc •15· 201019275 報裝置620。可將警報裝置用於聲音警報及疏散信號或 用作個人警報、犯罪威懾裝置（例如，供女士在其包中 攜帶該裝置等等）或整合於一腳踏車、汽車或其他平臺（例 如 時鐘無線電之警報、個人數位助理（PDA)、電話鈴 聲《調產生器等等）中。處理器/控制器612將電力及信號供 • 給警報裝置62G。視情況或經觸發之感測器6〇4而^，可將 不同音調、語音或其組合提供至揚聲器614。系統600可藉 • 由使用不同頻率或組合（例如，一種頻率用於煙霧，一種 頻率用於CO等等）來再現經編碼訊息。亦可使用其他警報 機制，舉例而言，諸如燈光。 警報裝置包含-室616及一管子618，其具有如上根據本 發明原理所述之特性。如圖4中所緣示，可將室616減小至 一小容積。管子618較佳具有小聲音阻尼，且可在任一方 向上轉彎或彎曲以節省空間或沿一特定方向引導聲音。管 子618可包含一調整機構622以調整可聽音調輸出。調整機 構622可給系統添加質量、壓縮管子618之剖面、添加阻 尼，及/或延伸腔618之長度（例如，伸縮）。可藉由使用一 機械裝置624(例如，抵靠管子618驅動之_彈簧或螺釘）手 動地執行調整，或可基於使用者輸入或來自感測器6〇4中 一者之聲音回饋對該調整進行處理器控制。亦可對揚聲器 功率或輸出進行調整以影響使用者回饋改變。舉例而_ 可在揚聲器上量測電壓及電流以確定阻抗， 且可進行最佳 化調整。 136160.doc -16- 201019275 參照囷8，其顯示一根據本發明原理用於發出一警報聲 之方法之流程圖。在區塊702中，提供一警報裝置，其包 含一細長腔及-輕合至該腔之-第一端部分之揚聲器，、其 中該揚聲器所產生之聲音經引導而穿過該腔以提供一可聽 _音。在區塊7G4巾’該践揚聲m態且經尺寸確定 &而以該揚聲器及腔之-響應譜提供大致在系統阻抗之第 一與第二共振頻率峰值之間的一反共振頻率下之可聽聲 • t。舉例而言’該可聽聲音可包含複數個音調及語音訊息 中之至少一者。該複數個音調可各自包含一在一大致相同 頻率下之基頻率峰值。組態該腔及揚聲器亦可包含組態容 納揚聲器之室。一電阻抗可提供一等於反共振頻率之：作 頻率，該電阻抗係一直流阻抗的約丨倍與約3 5倍之間。組 態系統亦可包含對室、腔及揚聲器進行調整以滿足阻抗準 則或其他準則。此可包含使用（例如）一調整機構（622)來改 變系統之特性或採用回饋來調整聲音響應。在區塊 φ 中，藉由啟動揚聲器以產生可聽聲音》 於解釋隨附申請專利範圍中，應理解： a) 措詞"包括（c〇mprising)"並不排除除給定請求項中所列 元件或動作外的其他元件或動作之存在； b) 在一元件之前的措詞"一（a或an)"並不排除複數個此等 元件之存在； c) 該申請專利範圍中之任何參考符號並不限制其範圍； d) 可由同—物項或硬體或軟體實施之結構或功能來表示 若干"構件”；及 ’ 136160.doc -17- 201019275 e)除非特別指明，否則並不意欲需要特定動作序列。 已闡述了一警報裝置及方法之較佳實施例（其意欲係說 明性的而非限制的），但應注意，熟悉此項技術者可根據 上述教示做修改及改變。因此應理解可在所揭示之本發明 之特定實施例中作出改變，該等改變屬於如由隨附申請專 利範圍所概述的本文所揭示實施例之範圍及精神以内。如 此闞述專利法所要求之細節及特性，由專利證書（LettersThere may be two or more tones that may share the same peak or may share at least one peak with another tone. For example, the -tone can have at least peaks 502 and 504. The first tone and the second tone may be used, both having a frequency at a first peak (5〇2) of FIG. 6 and a third tone having a second peak at FIG. (10)) The frequency below. The tones are better at the same time, but the tones can be alternated for more attention. The reference circle 7' illustratively shows an alarm device 6〇〇 according to one application. The alarm device 600 can be a smoke detector, a fire alarm, a carbon monoxide detector, or any other device configured to sense a condition and provide an audible alarm. Apparatus 600 includes a power source 6A8 that can include a battery or other known power source. The power supply 6〇8 can be turned on by a switch 61〇 or other device to initiate a job (e.g., 'sensing various conditions or activating the speaker (10) 614). Preferably, one or more sensors 6〇4 are provided to sense an environmental condition to activate the audible alarm device 620. Depending on the application or mode of operation, the alarm device 62 can also be manually activated by a start_switch (eg, switch 610). For example, if the device 600 is used as a carbon monoxide detector, then a sensor 604 (the processor/controller 612 can perform a comparison) is measured to have a carbon oxide content exceeding the - threshold (which can be When stored in a memory 6〇6, the alarm device 62 is activated by supplying power to the speaker 614. Other events may be employed to trigger activation of the alarm device 620. For example, the alarm device 620 can be activated after a predetermined amount of time (e.g., an alarm clock or a school bell). Alarm devices can be used for audible alarms and evacuation signals or for personal alarms, criminal deterrent devices (for example, for women to carry the device in their bags, etc.) or integrated on a bicycle, car or other platform (eg clock radio) Alarms, personal digital assistants (PDAs), phone ringtones, tone generators, etc. The processor/controller 612 supplies power and signals to the alarm device 62G. Different tones, speech, or a combination thereof may be provided to the speaker 614, as appropriate or triggered by the sensor 6〇4. System 600 can reproduce an encoded message by using different frequencies or combinations (e.g., one frequency for smoke, one frequency for CO, etc.). Other alert mechanisms can also be used, such as, for example, lighting. The alarm device includes a chamber 616 and a tube 618 having the characteristics described above in accordance with the principles of the present invention. As shown in Figure 4, chamber 616 can be reduced to a small volume. Tube 618 preferably has low acoustic damping and can be turned or bent in either direction to save space or direct sound in a particular direction. Tube 618 can include an adjustment mechanism 622 to adjust the audible tone output. Adjustment mechanism 622 can add mass to the system, compress the profile of tube 618, add damping, and/or extend the length of cavity 618 (e.g., telescoping). Adjustments may be performed manually using a mechanical device 624 (eg, a spring or screw driven against the tube 618), or may be based on user input or feedback from one of the sensors 6〇4 Perform processor control. The speaker power or output can also be adjusted to affect user feedback changes. For example, voltage and current can be measured on the speaker to determine the impedance and can be optimally adjusted. 136160.doc -16- 201019275 Referring to Figure 8, a flowchart of a method for emitting an alarm sound in accordance with the principles of the present invention is shown. In block 702, an alarm device is provided that includes an elongated cavity and a speaker that is lightly coupled to the first end portion of the cavity, wherein the sound produced by the speaker is guided through the cavity to provide a Audible _ sound. In block 7G4, the 'improved m state and size determined & and the speaker and cavity-response spectrum provides an anti-resonant frequency substantially between the first and second resonant frequency peaks of the system impedance. Audible sound • t. For example, the audible sound can include at least one of a plurality of tones and voice messages. The plurality of tones may each comprise a base frequency peak at substantially the same frequency. Configuring the cavity and speakers can also include a room in which the speaker is configured. An electrical impedance provides a frequency equal to the anti-resonant frequency: the electrical impedance is between about 丨 and about 35 times the constant current impedance. The configuration system can also include adjustments to the chamber, cavity, and speaker to meet impedance guidelines or other criteria. This may include using, for example, an adjustment mechanism (622) to change the characteristics of the system or to use feedback to adjust the acoustic response. In block φ, by activating the speaker to produce an audible sound, as explained in the accompanying patent application, it should be understood that: a) the wording "including (c〇mprising)" does not exclude the given request item The existence of other elements or actions other than those listed in the component; b) The wording before a component "a (a) or "a" does not exclude the existence of a plurality of such components; c) the patent application Any reference signs in the range do not limit the scope; d) may represent a number of "components" by the same structure or function or hardware or software; and 136160.doc -17- 201019275 e) unless special It is indicated that it is not intended to require a particular sequence of actions. A preferred embodiment of an alarm device and method has been described (which is intended to be illustrative and not limiting), but it should be noted that those skilled in the art can It is to be understood that changes and modifications may be made in the particular embodiments of the invention disclosed, which are within the scope and spirit of the embodiments disclosed herein as set forth in the appended claims The details and characteristics required by the patent law are described by the patent certificate (Letters
Patent)保護之所主張及期望之内容闡明於隨附申請專利範 圍中。 【圖式簡單說明】 本揭示内容將參照以下圖提供對較佳實施例之詳細說 明，其中： 圖1係一顯示一習用火災警報壓電盤揚聲器之一頻率響 應譜之圖示； 圖2係一根據一個實施例之一具有帶通箱之警報/警報裝 置之剖視圖； 圖3係一根據另一實施例之一具有反射箱之警報/警報裝 置之剖視圖； 圖4係一根據一個實施例之一係原型機且經測試之警報/ 警報裝置之剖視圖； 圖5係一根據一個實施例顯示一反共振頻率之阻抗對頻 率之曲線圖； 圖6係一針對圖4之裝置之一基諳波之聲壓級（dB)對頻率 之曲線囷； 136160.doc -18- 201019275 圖7係一顯示一用於根據一觸發事件產生一警報/警報之 系統之示意圖；及 圖8係一用於根據一個實施例發出一警報聲之方法之流 程圖。 【主要元件符號說明】The claims and claims of the Patent are set forth in the accompanying patent application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A detailed description of a preferred embodiment will be provided with reference to the following drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a frequency response spectrum of a conventional fire alarm piezoelectric disk speaker; 1 is a cross-sectional view of an alarm/alarm device having a pass box according to one embodiment; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an alarm/alarm device having a reflective box according to another embodiment; FIG. 4 is a diagram according to an embodiment A cross-sectional view of a prototype and tested alarm/alarm device; FIG. 5 is a graph showing impedance vs. frequency for an anti-resonant frequency according to one embodiment; FIG. 6 is a base wave for a device of FIG. Sound pressure level (dB) vs. frequency curve; 136160.doc -18- 201019275 Figure 7 is a schematic diagram showing a system for generating an alarm/alarm based on a trigger event; and Figure 8 is for A flow diagram of a method of emitting an alarm sound in one embodiment. [Main component symbol description]
100 警報裝置 102 揚聲器 104 室 106 腔 108 後壁 110 板 Ls 揚聲器 200 裝置 202 揚聲器 204 室 206 管子（管，腔） 302 揚聲器 306 管子 402 峰值 404 峰值 502 峰值 504 峰值 600 警報裝置 604 感測器 136160.doc -19- 201019275 606 記憶體 608 電源 610 開關 612 處理器（控制器） 614 揚聲器 616 室 618 管子 620 警報裝置 622 調整機構 624 機械裝置 136160.doc -20-100 Alarm Device 102 Speaker 104 Room 106 Cavity 108 Rear Wall 110 Plate Ls Speaker 200 Device 202 Speaker 204 Room 206 Tube (tube, cavity) 302 Speaker 306 Tube 402 Peak 404 Peak 502 Peak 504 Peak 600 Alarm Device 604 Sensor 136160. Doc -19- 201019275 606 Memory 608 Power 610 Switch 612 Processor (Controller) 614 Speaker 616 Room 618 Pipe 620 Alarm Device 622 Adjustment Mechanism 624 Mechanical Device 136160.doc -20-