201016379 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種控制工具機冷卻系統的方法，且 特別是應用於高速精密切削之工具機冷卻器，將冷凍系統 與控制系統策略合一，以達到精準恆溫的高精度工具機冷 卻系統之控制方法。 【先前技術】 ® 按，工具機於進行高速加工作業時，由於主轴箱轴承 (headstock bearings)及齒輪傳動裝置所產生之高熱量，導 . 致主轴迅速溫昇，當機器組成的零件間存在一定之溫差 時，主轴中心將發生熱變位而偏離機柱的中心位置及主轴 頭，進而嚴重影響加工精度。 因此，為實現精密製造加工時之最佳溫控精密度，對 於工具機冷卻介質溫控之熱管理（thermal management)顯 得格外重要，亦即表示工具機必需適當地搭配具有高精度 • 溫控策略之恆溫冷卻裝置來抑制發熱量。 而在冷卻機系統的壓縮機是使用啟停（ON-OFF)的控 制方法，其溫度變化將會存在有餘冷與餘熱現象，造成無 法實現高精度溫度控制的嚴格要求。又，太頻繁的啟動與 停止壓縮機是容易造成壓縮機損壞，進而嚴重影響其使用 的壽命。 【發明内容】 201016379 s此•本發明的目的就是在提供一種高精度工具機冷 部系統之控制方法，可依負載大小控制輸出溫度，利用多 溫度感測點經過控制系統運算輸出控制參數，再將此控制 參數轉換為變頻壓縮機之頻率，同時搭配調整電子膨脹閥 及熱氣旁通閥之開度，以維持系統穩定性。 根據本發明所提出之一種高精度工具機冷卻系統之 控制方法’包含有壓縮機運轉頻率控制與電子膨脹閥開度 控制’以及冷凝風扇系統變頻控制。壓縮機運轉頻率控 制’是由水箱的出水溫度與一預設值作判斷，以決定壓縮 機運轉頻率’來改變轉速。電子膨脹閥開度控制，是取得 蒸發器出口的溫度與預設溫度作判斷，以決定電子膨脹閥 的開度’而此電子膨脹閥的開度值送至蒸發器入口，再取 知·蒸發器入口的溫度與另一預設溫度作判斷與細調，以維 持最佳化省能控制。如壓縮機之轉速頻率高於一最大值， 則同步啟動電子膨脹閥，使其開度開至最大，如壓縮機之 轉速頻率高於最小值，則同步啟動電子膨脹閥，使其開度 開至最小。冷凝風扇系統變頻控制，是取得冷凝器出口的 溫度與預設值作判斷，以決定風扇運轉頻率。 依照本發明上述提出一種高精度工具機冷卻系統之 制方法其中，水箱的出水溫度與預設值相比較，如低 於75Hz，則維持壓縮機的頻率，如高於75Hz，則令壓縮 機頻率上昇，並且啟動電子膨脹閥，使其開度開至最大。 依照本發明上述提出一種高精度工具機冷卻系統之 控制方法’其中’水箱的出水溫度與預設值相比較如低 6 201016379 於35Hz，則啟動熱氣旁通閥，如高於35Hz，則令壓縮機 頻率上昇，並且啟動電子膨脹閥，使其開度開至最小。 依照本發明上述提出一種高精度工具機冷卻系統之 控制方法，其中，電子膨脹閥的最大開度為8〇〇步。 依照本發明上述提出一種高精度工具機冷卻系統之 控制方法’其中，電子膨脹閥的最大開度為1〇〇步。 依照本發明上述提出一種高精度工具機冷卻系統之 控制方法’其中’冷凝器的出口溫度與預設值相比較，如 低於75Hz，則維持風扇的運轉頻率，如高於75Ηζ，則令 風扇的運轉頻率上昇。 依照本發明上述提出一種高精度工具機冷卻系統之 控制方法，其中，冷凝器的出口溫度與預設值相比較如 低於35ΗΖ，則維持風扇的運轉頻率，如高於75Ηζ，則令 風扇的運轉頻率下降。 依照本發明上述提出一種高精度工具機冷卻系統之 控制方法’其巾，在變頻控制與冷凝風扇控制部分，其溫 度的判斷’皆分別進行粗調、中調與細調處理。在麼縮機 與冷凝風扇已啟動的狀態，進人粗調調整模式，如溫度值 低於攝氏1C，則進人之中調㈣，如溫度值高於攝氏ι C ’則返回粗調㈣；進人中調的調㈣式後，如温度值 低於攝氏PC，則執行低於攝氏㈣判斷的㈣，如中調 =調整模式後之溫度值高_氏lt，則返回粗調步驟； 在=行低讀氏㈣判斷的㈣巾，如溫度值低於攝氏 C’則進人細調步驟’如溫度值高於攝氏㈣，則返 201016379 回中調步驟；進入細調的調整模式後，如溫度值低於攝氏 0·5 C，則使壓縮機與冷凝風扇維持恆定頻率運轉，如溫度 值尚於攝氏0.5°c，則返回中調步驟，以達到溫度精密化 控制。 依照本發明上述提出一種高精度工具機冷卻系統之 控制方法，此控制方法中的冷卻系統，包含一冷凍循環系 統、一水循環系統與一微電腦單元，該微電腦單元以其電 路控制各系統所需執行的運作與處理。該冷凍循環系統包 含一壓縮機、一冷凝器、一乾燥過濾器、一電子膨脹閥、 一熱氣旁通單元、一蒸發器與複數個溫度感測器。該水循 環系統包含一水箱、一泵浦與一水流量計。 如上所述，本發明是利用兩個變頻器裝設於壓縮機及 冷凝風扇控制其轉速，並且搭配電子式膨脹閥及熱氣旁通 閥之開度，有效控制其負載大小及系統穩定性，同時也藉 此觀察出變頻控制技術搭配電子式膨脹閥及熱氣旁通閥 之特性，來探討其系統控制方法，使變頻冷凍裝置系統達 到最佳化的目標。 【實施方式】 參照第1圖，本發明之高精度工具機冷卻系統之控制 方法的一實施例’其中該冷卻系統包含一冷凍循環系統 100與一水循環系統200。參照第2圈’而上述各系統由 一微電腦單元300以電子電路控制其等所需執行的動作， 於後詳述之。 8 201016379 參照第1圖，該冷凍循環系統100包含一壓縮機110、 一冷凝器120、一高壓力計130、一乾燥過濾器140、一電 子膨脹閥150、一熱氣旁通單元160、一蒸發器170、複數 個溫度感測器 181(TH1)、182(TH2)、183(TH3)、184(TH4)、 185(TH5)及 186(TH6)與一低壓力計 190。 該壓縮機110是採用高效率三相AC變頻器111供電 之迴轉式壓縮機，作為輸送冷凍循環系統100之主要元 件。冷凝器120採用一強迫對流式風冷鰭片熱交換器12卜 ® 於散熱風扇馬達1211上採用一變頻器122控制冷凝器120 之散熱效果。電子膨脹閥150則採用800段電子膨脹閥， 控制冷媒端降壓節流及調整過熱度大小。蒸發器170採用 殼管式蒸發器以冷媒對水循環做熱交換。熱氣旁通單元 160採用熱氣旁通ON-OFF電磁閥161控制熱氣旁通量， 並且於旁通管一端串接一毛細管162以作為適當節流用。 該水循環系統200包含一泵浦210、一水箱220、一 水流量計230及一電磁閥240。該泵浦210連接在蒸發器 ❹ 170與水箱220之間，用以泵送水至蒸發器170做熱交換， 該電磁閥240係控制負載出水及回水之流量調節，而回水 端則流入水箱220。，該水箱220作為儲水與水緩衝區之 用。水流量計230是連接在該泵浦210與蒸發器170之間。 參照第2圖，該微電腦單元300，由一印刷電路板 (printed circuit board，PCB)之電子元件與一微電腦單晶片 所組合而成，本發明之控制方法程式是寫入此微電腦單晶 片，並且搭配電子元件輸入、輸出外接感測與控制元件達 201016379 到高精度之功能。 在輸入端部分：包含一電源輸入端（Power input)與六 個溫度感測端（Temperature sensors)。電源輸入端係供應微 電腦單元300所需電源，溫度感測端分別連接於六組溫度 感測器 181(TH1)、182(TH2)、183(TH3)、184(TH4)、185(TH5) 及186(TH6)。其中，TH1為A級PT-100感測器；TH2〜 TH6為B級PT-100溫度感測器；TH1感測器設在蒸發器 170出水口端，為£要感測控制水溫度之元件；TH2感測 ® 器設於機殼（冷凍機）外以感測環境溫度；TH3感測器設於 水箱220出水口端（亦同於蒸發器170入水口端）；TH4感 測器設於蒸發器170冷媒入口端；TH5感測器設於蒸發器 170冷媒出口端；TH6感測器設於冷凝器120冷媒出口端。 在輸出端部分：包含兩個控制閥端（Control valve)與兩 個變頻控制輸出端（Inverter output) »兩控制閥端分別連接 於電子膨脹閥150與熱氣旁通ON-OFF電磁閥161。其中 一個變頻控制輸出端連接於三相AC變頻器111，再輸出 • 給壓縮機110，以作.為運轉容量之控制。另一個變頻控制 輸出端連接於變頻器122,再輸出給強迫對流式風冷鰭片 熱交換器121，作為散熱能力控制。 因此，該微電腦單元300之電源輸入端（Power input)、 六個溫度感測端（Temp sensor)、兩個控制閥端（Control valve)以及兩個變頻控制輸出端（Inverter output)，與冷珠 循環系統100構成電連，以達到感測與輸出控制的效果。 至於，本發明高精度工具機冷卻系統之控制方法，此 201016379 控制方法包含有第3圖中的壓縮機運轉頻率控制方法與電 子膨脹閥開度控制方法，第4圖中的冷凝風扇系統變頻控 制方法，以及第5圖中的溫度精密化控制模式。 參照第3圖，壓縮機運轉頻率控制方法為：如流程301 與流程302，先讀取水箱出水口的溫度（Ts)，並將Ts與一 預設值作判斷。 如流程303，當Ts與預設值之溫度相等，财維持壓縮 機之運轉頻率，進而維持轉速。 ® 如流程304與流程303，將水箱的出水溫度（Ts)與預 設值相比較，如Ts大於預設值（Ts>TsU)，而且頻率低於 75Hz，則維持壓縮機的頻率；如流程304與流程305，如 頻率高於75Hz，則令壓縮機頻率上昇，以增加壓縮機之轉 速，並同步執行電子膨脹閥開度控制（如流程305與流程 313之間的虛線箭頭所示）。 如流程306與流程307，再將水箱的出水溫度（Ts)與 預設值相比較，如Ts小於預設值（TsCTsU)持續1秒以上， # 而且頻率低於35Hz，則進入流程308，啟動熱氣旁通閥； 如頻率高於35Hz，則進入流程309，令壓縮機頻率下降， 以減少壓縮機之轉速，並同步執行電子膨脹閥開度控制（如 流程309與流程315之間的虛線箭頭所示）。 電子膨脹閥開度控制方法為：如流程310與流程 311，取得蒸發器出口的溫度（To)與預設過熱溫度作判斷， 如ToU>To>ToD，即蒸發器出口的溫度不大於也不小於 預設過熱溫度時，則進入流程312，維持電子膨脹閥的開 11 201016379 度。如流程313，如To>ToU，即蒸發器出口溫度大於預 設過熱溫度時，再判斷開度是否達到8〇〇步，如果達到8⑼ 步，則進入流程312，維持電子膨脹閥的開度，如果小於 8〇〇步，則進入流程314,開大開度。如t〇<t〇d，即蒸 發器出口溫度小於預設過熱溫度時，進入流程315，再判 斷開度是否達到100步，如果達到1〇〇步，則進入流程 312,維持電子膨脹閥的開度，如果小於1〇〇步則進入 流程316，關小開度。 接著，如流程317與流程318，讀取蒸發器入口溫度 (Te)，並將蒸發器入口溫度與預設蒸發溫度作判斷，如 >Te>TeD，即蒸發器入口溫度不大於也不小於預設蒸發 溫度時’則返回流程310;如Te>TeU，即蒸發器入^溫 度大於預設蒸發溫度時，則返回流程313 ;如Te<TeD， 即蒸發器入口溫度小於預設蒸發溫度時，則返回流程315。 因此，本發明在壓縮機運轉頻率控制與 度控制兩循環系統上，其控制方法，在運轉頻率控= 先由出水溫度值讀取溫度與所設定溫度之偏差值做基準 偏差判斷，再決定壓縮機運轉頻率增加與減少並以75Hz 至35Hz控制範圍内，由訊號傳遞至變頻器驅動壓縮機， 而改變壓縮機轉速’並且同時給予訊號優先調整電子膨脹 閥開度以同步系統控制’當負載過低且頻率低於35沿時， 立即開啟熱氣旁通閥’以補足低負載恆溫需求。在電子膨 脹閥開度_方面’由頻率控制指令給^訊號優先調整電 子膨㈣開度以_步至⑽步範圍内’再由蒸發溫度值 12 201016379 讀取溫度與所設定蒸發溫度之上限與下限值，做溫度判斷 是否符合所設定蒸發溫度，再決定是否進行回授修正或過 關，最後再由回授控制判斷蒸發器出口過熱度情形做適當 膨脹閥開度微調整，以達到系統性能最佳化與省能控制。 參照第4圖，冷凝風扇系統變頻控制方法：如流程401 與流程402,取得冷凝器出口的溫度（Tc)，並與預設温度作 判斷，如TcU > Tc > TcD，即冷凝器出口溫度不大於也不 小於預設溫度時，則維持風扇之運轉頻率。如Tc>TcU， • 即冷凝器出口溫度大於預設温度時，進入流程404，如低 於75Hz，則進入流程403，維持風扇的運轉頻率，如高於 75Hz，則進入流程405，令風扇的運轉頻率上昇。如Tc< TcD，即冷凝器出口溫度小於預設溫度時，進入流程406， 如低於35Hz，則進入流程403，維持風扇的運轉頻率，如 高於35Hz，則進入流程407，令風扇的運轉頻率下降。前 述之風扇的運轉頻率不論是維持轉速、增加轉速或是減低 轉速，均須再返回流程401，持續不斷運行。 ❿ 因此，第4圖所示之冷凝器風扇系統變頻控制方法， 此控制流程為完全獨立的循環系統，與冷卻器系統變頻控 制方法流程系統不作訊號傳遞流程，先由冷凝溫度值讀取 冷凝器出口溫度以感測冷凝器散熱情形，並且與設定冷凝 溫度之上限值和下限值做基準偏差判斷，再決定風扇運轉 頻率增加與減少，由訊號傳遞至變頻器驅動風扇馬達而改 變風扇轉數，以此類推做冷凝溫度判斷是否符合所設定冷 凝溫度範圍，主要功用在恆定冷凝器之最佳的工作壓力與 13 201016379 溫度，以達到不同環境溫度控制冷凝器散熱效果之最佳 化，以避免因冷凝器散熱浮動問題而影響蒸發端冷凍能 力’造成系統控制性能變差》 參照第5圖，在變頻控制與冷凝風扇控制部分，其溫 度的判斷，皆分別進行粗調、中調與細調之處理。如流程 501，在壓縮機與冷凝風扇已啟動的狀態，進入流程5〇2 之粗調調整模式，如流程503，溫度值低於攝氏rc，則 進入流程504之中調步驟，如溫度值高於攝氏，則返 回流程502之粗調步驟。如流程505，進入中調的調整模 式後，如溫度值低於攝氏rc，則進入流程506，執行低 於攝氏0.5°C判斷的步驟，如中調的調整模式後之溫度值 南於攝氏rC ’則返回流程502之粗調步驟；在流程506， 如溫度值低於攝氏0.5。〇，則進入流程507之細調步驟’ 如溫度值高於攝氏〇.5。(：，則返回流程504之中調步驟； 進入細調的調整模式後，如溫度值低於攝氏〇5<t，則進 入流程509’使壓縮機與冷凝風扇維持恆定頻率運轉，如 溫度值高於攝氏〇.5°C，則返回流程504之中調步驟，以 達到溫度精密化之控制。 如上所述，由於冷卻器系統變頻控制方法與冷凝器風 扇系統變頻控制方法兩種控制系統，須以程序化的控制方 法才能達到系統最佳化控制，因此，系統啟動於穩定到停 機時’再劃分粗調、中調與細調模式以進行精密化的溫度 控制’其控制方式，先於冷卻機運轉後先以粗調模式進行 較大跳動範圍的控制參數，當負載系統符合本模式設定之 201016379 浮動水溫度（攝氏±rc)範圍内再切換至中調模式進行較小 浮動範圍的控制參數，進入中調模式後再以兩組設定浮動 溫度（攝氏±rc、攝氏±〇.5。〇範圍内進行判斷，先於第一 組設定浮動溫度（攝氏ilt：)做判斷，當負載系統於浮動溫 度範圍外則跳回至粗調模式，如於浮動溫度範圍内則進行 第二組設定浮動溫度（攝氏±〇5«>c)做判斷，當判斷於浮動 溫度範圍外則繼續回至中調模式，如於浮動溫度範圍内則 進行細調模式’進入細調模式後再以-組設定浮動溫度（攝 氏±〇.5°C )範圍内進行判斷，當判斷於浮動溫度範圍外則回 至中調模式，如浮動溫度範圍内則繼續進行細調模式，以 此類推判斷循環迴圈直到冷凍機穩定達到穩定精密度為 止0 Λ 歸納上述，本發明之高精度工具機冷卻系統之控制方 法，將變頻冷卻器運用變頻冷;東控制搭配電子式膨服間及 熱氣旁通閥，具有以下功效與優點： 1. 採用變頻技術並搭配高階控制（例如pID控制方法 © 等）可精準控制冷卻器之溫度。 2. 變頻冷卻器系統可依負載大小控制輸出溫度之精準 度，利用多溫度感測點經過控制系統運算輸出控制參數， 再將此控制參數轉換為變頻壓縮機之頻率，同時需搭配調 整電子式膨脹閥（Electronic Expansion Valve，EEV)及熱 氣旁通閥之開度，以維持系統穩定性。 ”' 3. 將配合冷媒系統之流量、壓力、溫度等利用電子式 膨脹閥及熱氣旁通閥達到系統最佳化。 15 201016379 4. 使用單晶片，簡單易控制、易修改、由程式整合， 不受人為因素而產生誤動作，且採pT_1〇〇高精度溫度感 測0 5. 本發明此系統將利用變頻壓縮機及風扇搭配電子式 膨脹閥來探討其各元件動作情形觀察出各個閥的開度及 回授狀態。 雖然本發明已以一實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限 定本發明’任何熟習此技術者，在不脫離本發明之精神和 範圍内，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範 圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 【圖式簡單說明】 為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例 能更明顯易懂，所附圖式之詳細說明如下： 第1圖係本發明高精度工具機冷卻系統之控制方法的 冷卻系統組合圖。 第2圖係本發明中該微電腦單元與冷卻系統連接的示 意圖。 第3圖係本發明中該變頻控制方法之方塊流程圖。 第4圖係本發明中該冷凝器風扇系統變頻控制方法之 方塊流程圖。 第5圖係本發明中系統溫度精密化控制模式之方塊流 201016379 程圖。201016379 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method for controlling a power tool cooling system, and particularly to a machine tool cooler for high-speed precision cutting, which combines a refrigeration system and a control system strategy In order to achieve a precise and constant temperature control method for high-precision machine tool cooling system. [Prior Art] ® Press, when the machine tool is used for high-speed machining, due to the high heat generated by the headstock bearings and the gear transmission, the spindle will rapidly rise in temperature, and there will be a certain difference between the components of the machine. When the temperature difference is reached, the center of the spindle will be thermally displaced and deviated from the center position of the column and the spindle head, which will seriously affect the machining accuracy. Therefore, in order to achieve the optimal temperature control precision in precision manufacturing, it is particularly important for the thermal management of the temperature control of the cooling machine of the machine tool, that is, the tool machine must be properly matched with high precision and temperature control strategy. A constant temperature cooling device to suppress heat generation. In the compressor system, the compressor is controlled by ON-OFF. The temperature change will have residual cooling and residual heat, which will not meet the strict requirements of high-precision temperature control. Moreover, starting and stopping the compressor too often is likely to cause damage to the compressor, which in turn seriously affects the life of the compressor. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 201016379 s The present invention aims to provide a high-precision tool machine cold part system control method, which can control the output temperature according to the load size, and use the multi-temperature sensing point to calculate the output control parameters through the control system, and then This control parameter is converted to the frequency of the inverter compressor, and the opening of the electronic expansion valve and the hot gas bypass valve is adjusted to maintain the stability of the system. A control method for a high-precision machine tool cooling system according to the present invention 'includes a compressor operating frequency control and an electronic expansion valve opening degree control' and a condensing fan system frequency conversion control. The compressor operating frequency control ' is determined by determining the compressor operating frequency ' from the outlet temperature of the water tank and a predetermined value to change the rotational speed. The electronic expansion valve opening degree control is to obtain the temperature of the evaporator outlet and the preset temperature to determine the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve', and the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve is sent to the evaporator inlet, and then the evaporation and the evaporation are obtained. The temperature at the inlet of the device is judged and fine-tuned with another preset temperature to maintain optimal energy-saving control. If the speed of the compressor is higher than a maximum value, the electronic expansion valve is synchronously activated to open the opening to the maximum. If the speed of the compressor is higher than the minimum value, the electronic expansion valve is synchronously activated to open the opening. To the minimum. The frequency conversion control of the condensing fan system is to obtain the temperature of the condenser outlet and the preset value to determine the fan operating frequency. According to the above invention, a method for manufacturing a high-precision machine tool cooling system is provided, wherein the water outlet temperature of the water tank is compared with a preset value, for example, below 75 Hz, the frequency of the compressor is maintained, for example, higher than 75 Hz, the compressor frequency is made. Raise and activate the electronic expansion valve to open it to maximum. According to the present invention, a control method for a high-precision machine tool cooling system is proposed, wherein the water outlet temperature of the water tank is compared with a preset value such as a low level of 6 201016379 at 35 Hz, and a hot gas bypass valve is activated, such as above 35 Hz, so that compression is performed. The frequency of the machine rises and the electronic expansion valve is activated to keep its opening to a minimum. According to the above invention, a control method for a high-precision machine tool cooling system is proposed, wherein the electronic expansion valve has a maximum opening of 8 steps. According to the above invention, a control method for a high-precision machine tool cooling system is proposed, wherein the electronic expansion valve has a maximum opening of 1 step. According to the above invention, a control method for a high-precision machine tool cooling system is proposed, in which the outlet temperature of the condenser is compared with a preset value, such as below 75 Hz, the fan operating frequency is maintained, such as above 75 Ηζ, the fan is The frequency of operation has increased. According to the present invention, a control method for a high-precision machine tool cooling system is proposed, wherein the outlet temperature of the condenser is lower than 35 ΗΖ, and the operating frequency of the fan is maintained, for example, above 75 Ηζ, the fan is The operating frequency is reduced. According to the above invention, a control method for a high-precision machine tool cooling system is proposed. The towel, in the variable frequency control and the condensing fan control portion, the temperature determinations are respectively subjected to coarse adjustment, middle adjustment and fine adjustment processing. In the state where the shrinking machine and the condensing fan have been started, enter the coarse adjustment mode. If the temperature value is lower than 1C Celsius, the middle is adjusted (4), and if the temperature value is higher than Celsius, the coarse adjustment is returned (4); After entering the middle adjustment mode (4), if the temperature value is lower than the Celsius PC, perform (4) below the Celsius (4) judgment. If the temperature value is higher than the adjustment mode, then the coarse adjustment step is returned. = (4) judged by the low reading (four), if the temperature value is lower than Celsius C, then enter the fine adjustment step 'If the temperature value is higher than Celsius (four), then return to the 201016379 back to the middle adjustment step; after entering the fine adjustment mode, If the temperature value is lower than 0. 5 C Celsius, the compressor and the condensing fan are kept at a constant frequency. If the temperature value is still 0.5 ° C, the process returns to the middle adjustment step to achieve temperature precision control. According to the present invention, a control method for a high-precision machine tool cooling system is provided. The cooling system in the control method comprises a refrigeration cycle system, a water circulation system and a microcomputer unit, and the microcomputer unit controls the execution of each system by its circuit. Operation and processing. The refrigerating cycle system includes a compressor, a condenser, a drying filter, an electronic expansion valve, a hot gas bypass unit, an evaporator, and a plurality of temperature sensors. The water circulation system comprises a water tank, a pump and a water flow meter. As described above, the present invention utilizes two frequency converters mounted on a compressor and a condensing fan to control the rotation speed thereof, and is matched with the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve and the hot gas bypass valve to effectively control the load size and system stability, and at the same time It is also observed that the inverter control technology is combined with the characteristics of the electronic expansion valve and the hot gas bypass valve to explore the system control method and optimize the frequency conversion refrigeration system. [Embodiment] Referring to Fig. 1, an embodiment of a control method for a high-precision machine tool cooling system of the present invention, wherein the cooling system includes a refrigerating cycle system 100 and a water circulation system 200. Referring to the second lap', each of the above systems is controlled by an electronic circuit 300 by an electronic circuit, and will be described in detail later. 8 201016379 Referring to Figure 1, the refrigeration cycle system 100 includes a compressor 110, a condenser 120, a high pressure gauge 130, a drying filter 140, an electronic expansion valve 150, a hot gas bypass unit 160, and an evaporation. The device 170 has a plurality of temperature sensors 181 (TH1), 182 (TH2), 183 (TH3), 184 (TH4), 185 (TH5) and 186 (TH6) and a low pressure gauge 190. The compressor 110 is a rotary compressor that is powered by a high-efficiency three-phase AC inverter 111 as a main component of the conveying refrigeration cycle system 100. The condenser 120 uses a forced convection air-cooled fin heat exchanger 12 to control the heat dissipation effect of the condenser 120 by using a frequency converter 122 on the heat dissipation fan motor 1211. The electronic expansion valve 150 uses an 800-stage electronic expansion valve to control the pressure reduction of the refrigerant end and adjust the degree of superheat. The evaporator 170 employs a shell and tube evaporator to exchange heat with the water through the refrigerant. The hot gas bypass unit 160 controls the hot gas bypass amount by a hot gas bypass ON-OFF solenoid valve 161, and a capillary 162 is connected in series to one end of the bypass pipe for proper throttling. The water circulation system 200 includes a pump 210, a water tank 220, a water flow meter 230, and a solenoid valve 240. The pump 210 is connected between the evaporator ❹ 170 and the water tank 220 for pumping water to the evaporator 170 for heat exchange. The solenoid valve 240 controls the flow regulation of the load effluent and the return water, and the return water end flows. Water tank 220. The water tank 220 serves as a water storage and water buffer. A water flow meter 230 is coupled between the pump 210 and the evaporator 170. Referring to FIG. 2, the microcomputer unit 300 is composed of an electronic component of a printed circuit board (PCB) and a microcomputer single chip. The control method of the present invention is written into the microcomputer single chip, and With the electronic components input and output external sensing and control components up to 201016379 to high precision. In the input section: contains a power input and six temperature sensors. The power input terminal supplies power required by the microcomputer unit 300, and the temperature sensing end is respectively connected to six groups of temperature sensors 181 (TH1), 182 (TH2), 183 (TH3), 184 (TH4), 185 (TH5), and 186 (TH6). Among them, TH1 is a Class A PT-100 sensor; TH2~TH6 is a Class B PT-100 temperature sensor; TH1 sensor is located at the water outlet end of the evaporator 170, for sensing components that control water temperature The TH2 Sensing® is located outside the casing (freezer) to sense the ambient temperature; the TH3 sensor is located at the outlet of the tank 220 (also the inlet of the evaporator 170); the TH4 sensor is located at The evaporator 170 is at the refrigerant inlet end; the TH5 sensor is disposed at the refrigerant outlet end of the evaporator 170; and the TH6 sensor is disposed at the refrigerant outlet end of the condenser 120. In the output section, there are two control valve terminals and two inverter control outputs (inverter output). The two control valve terminals are respectively connected to the electronic expansion valve 150 and the hot gas bypass ON-OFF solenoid valve 161. One of the variable frequency control outputs is connected to the three-phase AC inverter 111, and then output to the compressor 110 for control of the operating capacity. Another variable frequency control output is coupled to the frequency converter 122 and output to the forced convection air cooled fin heat exchanger 121 for heat dissipation control. Therefore, the power input of the microcomputer unit 300, six temperature sensors, two control valves, and two inverter output outputs (Inverter output), and cold beads The circulatory system 100 constitutes an electrical connection to achieve the effects of sensing and output control. As for the control method of the high-precision machine tool cooling system of the present invention, the 201016379 control method includes the compressor operating frequency control method and the electronic expansion valve opening degree control method in FIG. 3, and the condensing fan system frequency conversion control in FIG. The method, and the temperature precision control mode in Figure 5. Referring to Fig. 3, the compressor operating frequency control method is as follows: Process 301 and Flow 302, first reading the temperature (Ts) of the water outlet of the water tank, and judging Ts with a preset value. In the flow 303, when the temperature of Ts is equal to the preset value, the operation frequency of the compressor is maintained, and the rotation speed is maintained. ® , as in Process 304 and Flow 303, comparing the outlet temperature (Ts) of the water tank with a preset value, such as Ts being greater than a preset value (Ts > TsU), and maintaining the frequency of the compressor at a frequency below 75 Hz; 304 and flow 305, if the frequency is higher than 75 Hz, the compressor frequency is increased to increase the speed of the compressor, and the electronic expansion valve opening control is synchronously performed (as indicated by the dashed arrow between the flow 305 and the flow 313). For example, in process 306 and process 307, the water outlet temperature (Ts) of the water tank is compared with a preset value. If Ts is less than the preset value (TsCTsU) for more than 1 second, and the frequency is lower than 35 Hz, the process proceeds to flow 308 to start. Hot gas bypass valve; if the frequency is higher than 35Hz, the process proceeds to flow 309, the compressor frequency is decreased, the compressor speed is reduced, and the electronic expansion valve opening control is synchronously executed (such as the dotted arrow between process 309 and flow 315) Shown). The electronic expansion valve opening degree control method is as follows: the process 310 and the process 311, obtaining the temperature (To) of the evaporator outlet and the preset superheat temperature for judging, for example, ToU>To>ToD, that is, the temperature of the evaporator outlet is not greater than nor If it is less than the preset superheat temperature, it proceeds to flow 312, maintaining the opening of the electronic expansion valve 11 201016379 degrees. For example, in process 313, such as To>ToU, that is, when the evaporator outlet temperature is greater than the preset superheat temperature, it is determined whether the opening degree reaches 8〇〇 steps, and if step 8(9) is reached, then the process proceeds to step 312 to maintain the opening of the electronic expansion valve. If it is less than 8 steps, then flow 314 is entered to open the opening. If t〇<t〇d, that is, the evaporator outlet temperature is lower than the preset superheat temperature, the process proceeds to flow 315, and it is determined whether the opening degree reaches 100 steps. If the step is reached, the process proceeds to step 312 to maintain the electronic expansion valve. If the opening is less than 1 step, the process proceeds to flow 316, which closes the opening degree. Next, as in Process 317 and Flow 318, the evaporator inlet temperature (Te) is read, and the evaporator inlet temperature and the preset evaporation temperature are determined, such as >Te>TeD, that is, the evaporator inlet temperature is not greater than or less than When the evaporating temperature is preset, then return to the process 310; if Te>TeU, that is, the evaporator inlet temperature is greater than the preset evaporation temperature, return to the flow 313; for example, Te<TeD, that is, when the evaporator inlet temperature is lower than the preset evaporation temperature And returns to process 315. Therefore, in the two-cycle system of the compressor operating frequency control and degree control, the control method of the present invention is based on the operation frequency control = firstly, the deviation value of the reading temperature of the outlet water temperature and the set temperature is used as a reference deviation judgment, and then the compression is determined. The operating frequency of the machine is increased and decreased and controlled within the range of 75 Hz to 35 Hz. The signal is transmitted to the inverter to drive the compressor, and the compressor speed is changed, and at the same time, the signal is preferentially adjusted to adjust the electronic expansion valve opening to synchronize the system control. When the frequency is lower and the frequency is lower than 35, the hot gas bypass valve is turned on immediately to make up for the low load constant temperature demand. In the electronic expansion valve opening degree _ aspect 'by the frequency control command to give the signal priority to adjust the electronic expansion (four) opening degree from _ step to (10) step 're-evaporation temperature value 12 201016379 read temperature and the upper limit of the set evaporation temperature The lower limit value is used to determine whether the temperature meets the set evaporating temperature, and then whether to perform feedback correction or clearance. Finally, the feedback control determines the evaporator outlet superheat condition to make appropriate expansion valve opening fine adjustment to achieve system performance. Optimization and energy saving control. Referring to Figure 4, the condensing fan system frequency conversion control method: as in Process 401 and Flow 402, obtaining the temperature (Tc) of the condenser outlet, and judging with the preset temperature, such as TcU > Tc > TcD, that is, the condenser outlet When the temperature is not greater than or less than the preset temperature, the operating frequency of the fan is maintained. For example, Tc>TcU, • that is, when the condenser outlet temperature is greater than the preset temperature, the process proceeds to flow 404. If it is lower than 75 Hz, the process proceeds to flow 403 to maintain the operating frequency of the fan. If the temperature is higher than 75 Hz, the process proceeds to flow 405 to allow the fan to The operating frequency has increased. For example, Tc<TcD, that is, when the condenser outlet temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the flow proceeds to the flow 406. If the temperature is lower than 35 Hz, the flow proceeds to the flow 403, and the operating frequency of the fan is maintained. If the temperature is higher than 35 Hz, the flow proceeds to the flow 407 to operate the fan. The frequency drops. The operating frequency of the fan described above must be returned to the process 401 to maintain the speed, increase the speed, or decrease the speed. ❿ Therefore, the condenser fan system variable frequency control method shown in Fig. 4, the control flow is a completely independent circulation system, and the cooling system variable frequency control method flow system does not perform the signal transmission process, first reads the condenser from the condensation temperature value The outlet temperature is used to sense the heat dissipation of the condenser, and the reference deviation is determined by setting the upper limit and the lower limit of the condensing temperature, and then determining the increase and decrease of the fan operating frequency, and the signal is transmitted to the inverter to drive the fan motor to change the fan turn. The number, and so on, is used to determine whether the condensing temperature meets the set condensing temperature range. The main function is to optimize the working pressure of the constant condenser and the temperature of 13 201016379 to achieve the optimization of the heat dissipation effect of the condenser at different ambient temperatures. Avoid the cooling capacity of the condenser due to the condenser floating problem, which will cause the system control performance to deteriorate. Refer to Figure 5, in the inverter control and condensation fan control section, the temperature is judged separately, coarse adjustment, medium adjustment and fine Tune it. In the process 501, in the state that the compressor and the condensing fan have been started, the coarse adjustment mode of the process 5〇2 is entered, as in the process 503, the temperature value is lower than the Celsius rc, and then the process 504 is adjusted, such as the high temperature value. In Celsius, the process returns to the coarse adjustment step of process 502. If, in the process 505, after entering the adjustment mode of the middle adjustment, if the temperature value is lower than the Celsius rc, the process proceeds to the process 506, and the step of determining less than 0.5 ° C is performed, and the temperature value after the adjustment mode of the middle adjustment is about 90 ° C. 'Return to the coarse adjustment step of process 502; at process 506, if the temperature value is below 0.5 degrees Celsius. 〇, proceed to the fine-tuning step of process 507' if the temperature is higher than 摄.5. (:, return to process 504 to adjust the step; after entering the fine adjustment mode, if the temperature value is lower than Celsius & 5 < t, then proceed to flow 509 ' to keep the compressor and the condensing fan running at a constant frequency, such as temperature value When it is higher than Celsius 55°C, it returns to the middle adjustment step of the process 504 to achieve the control of temperature precision. As described above, due to the two control systems of the inverter system frequency conversion control method and the condenser fan system frequency conversion control method, The system control method must be used to achieve the optimal control of the system. Therefore, the system starts to stabilize the time to stop, and then divides the coarse, medium and fine adjustment modes for precise temperature control. After the chiller is running, the control parameters of the large hopping range are firstly performed in the coarse adjustment mode. When the load system meets the 201016379 floating water temperature (Celsius ± rc) set in this mode, the switch is switched to the neutral mode for smaller floating range control. After entering the middle adjustment mode, set the floating temperature (Celsius ± rc, Celsius ± 〇.5. 〇 within the range of two degrees) and judge before the first set. The dynamic temperature (in degrees ilt:) is judged. When the load system is outside the floating temperature range, it jumps back to the coarse adjustment mode. If it is within the floating temperature range, the second set of set floating temperature is performed (Celsius ± 〇 5 « > c) To make a judgment, when it is judged that it is outside the floating temperature range, continue to return to the middle adjustment mode. If it is within the floating temperature range, perform the fine adjustment mode. After entering the fine adjustment mode, set the floating temperature by - group (Celsius ± 〇.5 °C) In the range of judgment, when it is judged outside the floating temperature range, it will return to the middle adjustment mode. If it is within the floating temperature range, the fine adjustment mode will continue, and the loop will be judged by the analogy until the freezer stabilizes to a stable precision. In summary, the control method of the high-precision machine tool cooling system of the present invention uses the variable frequency cooling of the variable frequency cooler; the east control is matched with the electronic expansion room and the hot gas bypass valve, and has the following functions and advantages: 1. Using frequency conversion technology With high-order control (such as pID control method ©, etc.), the temperature of the cooler can be precisely controlled. 2. The inverter cooler system can control the accuracy of the output temperature according to the load size. The multi-temperature sensing point is controlled by the control system to output the control parameters, and then the control parameter is converted into the frequency of the inverter compressor, and the opening of the electronic expansion valve (EEV) and the hot gas bypass valve is adjusted. In order to maintain system stability."' 3. Optimize the system with the electronic expansion valve and hot gas bypass valve for the flow, pressure, temperature, etc. of the refrigerant system. 15 201016379 4. Simple and easy to control and easy to use Modification, integration by program, no malfunction caused by human factors, and adopting pT_1〇〇 high-precision temperature sensing 0 5. This system will use inverter compressor and fan with electronic expansion valve to explore the action of each component Observe the opening and feedback status of each valve. Although the present invention has been disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to limit the invention, and the invention may be modified and modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS In order to make the above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention more obvious, the detailed description of the drawings is as follows: Figure 1 is a high-precision machine tool cooling system of the present invention. Control system cooling system combination diagram. Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the connection of the microcomputer unit to the cooling system in the present invention. Figure 3 is a block flow diagram of the frequency conversion control method in the present invention. Figure 4 is a block flow diagram of the method for controlling the frequency conversion of the condenser fan system of the present invention. Figure 5 is a block diagram of the system temperature precision control mode in the present invention 201016379.
【主要元件符號說明】 100 :冷床循環系統 110 ： 壓縮機 111 ： 三相AC變頻器 120 ： 冷凝器 121 ： 熱交換器 1211 :散熱風扇馬達 122 ： 變頻器 130 ： 高壓力計 140 ： 乾燥過滤器 150 ： 電子膨脹器 160 ： 熱氣旁通單元 161 ： ΟΝ/OFF電磁閥 162 ： 毛細管 170 ： 蒸發器 181 : 溫度感測器 182 ： 溫度感測器 183 ： 溫度感測器 184 ： 溫度感測器 185 ： 溫度感測器 186 ： 溫度感測器 190 ： 低壓力計 200 ： 水循環系統 210 ： 泵浦 220 ： 水箱 230 ： 水流量計 240 ： 電磁閥 300 ： 微電腦單元 301〜 318 :流程 401〜407 :流程 501〜508 :流程 17[Main component symbol description] 100: Cooling bed circulation system 110: Compressor 111: Three-phase AC inverter 120: Condenser 121: Heat exchanger 1211: Cooling fan motor 122: Inverter 130: High pressure gauge 140: Dry Filter 150 : Electronic expander 160 : Hot gas bypass unit 161 : ΟΝ / OFF solenoid valve 162 : Capillary 170 : Evaporator 181 : Temperature sensor 182 : Temperature sensor 183 : Temperature sensor 184 : Temperature sensor 185: Temperature sensor 186: Temperature sensor 190: Low pressure gauge 200: Water circulation system 210: Pump 220: Water tank 230: Water flow meter 240: Solenoid valve 300: Microcomputer unit 301 to 318: Flows 401 to 407: Processes 501 to 508: Process 17