201007160 六、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是關於線感測器，尤其可以放在紡織業所使用 的機器上做線監視(thread monitoring)之用。 【先前技術】 線的監視是個常見的問題，例如，在處理大量個別的 線來生產針織布(knit fabric)的針織器上。如果有一條線斷 掉了或沒有被正確地送入，這幾乎直接導致廢品的產生。 因此’在過去做了很多的努力來確實偵測送入機器的線是 否實際存在。這樣的線感測器被稱作斷線感測器（thread break sensors)。 舉例來說’文件DE4312026A1揭露這樣的斷線感測 器’然而它是設計給環鍵細纺機（ring spinning machine)使 用。光柵(light barrier)被提供來做線的偵測，光柵信號被分 析來決定線是否遺失、正在運轉或是等待中。大約3ΚΗζ 的感測益内部光調變被打鼻用來抑制無關的光線干擾。 原則上’這種量測可區別無關的光線和有用的信號。 然而，這只有當周遭亮度沒造成光栅過載時才可行。 從文件DE2337413得知一較早的光學線感測器。此線 感測器的工作方式是基於光柵原理，而這個光柵有著被線 至少部伤遮lx的光學路徑。為了抑制無關的光線，這個光 柵使用光脈衝來運作。然而，在這個例子中，也沒有採取 任何方法讓光接受器超出它的運作範圍，也就是說，光接 受器在界限值之内運作’特別是當高亮度的周遭光線存在 201007160 時。 〇 文件DE2943913A1展示另一方法。此公報揭露一種使 用光敏二極體來接收光脈衝信號的光接收器，該二極體負 載電阻被一電感所橋接來讓電路對低頻干擾不敏感。該信 號會經過一也滤掉低頻干擾的雙聯電容器（dual capacitor)。此經過雙聯電容器的信號被放大器所放大然後 輸入比較器。該比較器比較放大器的輸出電壓和由二極體 電流所決定的參考信號。此參考信號可以用二極體電流流 ^-電容器和與其並聯的—電阻器來實現。這樣形成的rc 較器用的參考電壓。此連接方式對干擾的光線 的不敏感。僅管有非常高比例的固定光線， 二發生比較器的臨界值vaiue)會攀升 到一個程度使得有用的脈衝幾乎 二=了建立比較器頻率而將電感二= :甚二某;頻率發生共振時，這個串聯阻抗可能會降低 紅外線來操作線:::4在::二話’打算用 太陽光。因為相關所=電燈、或者甚至起因於直接的 以手動調整個別的咸的力軋和缺乏安全的伴隨環境，所 測器實際上不停地運作的。再者’必須假設感 消耗。這是正確的，特·试圖儘可能降低它的功率 特別地，考慮到一台紡織機(textile 4 201007160 machineX例如針織機(knitting machine))上可能會有非常多 的個別線感測器’而且線感測器是由一條共同的操作電麼 線來供應所需的操作電壓。因為光發射器（light emitter)是感 測器功率消耗的主要元件，如果感測器的功率消耗被降 低’光發射器的效能必定不可避免地也被降低。然而，如 果光感測器發射弱的光信號，那麼對干擾會特別敏感。 【發明内容】 考慮這個因素，本發明的目的是提供一種改良的線感 測器。 此目的由根據本發明的線感測器所達成： 根據本發明的線感測器包括一光發射器和一光接受 器，並且基於反射式光柵(ref]ected Hght barrier)原理來運 作。光接收器沒有直接看到光發射器，而是只接收由線反 射回來的光線以及選擇性地接收任何周遭光線，亦即干擾 的光線。在這裡，提到的目前敘述和本發明的上下文，，，光 線（light)”被瞭解是指任何種類的短波電磁輻射線 (short-wave electromagnetic radiation)，包括遠紅外線範圍 到紫外線(UV)範圍的光譜。然而更合適地，根據本發明的 線感測器使用商業用途的IR二極體所產生的波 線，此IR二極體被大量生產而且已經在市場上買得到 例來說’其波長範圍在900nm到1 μηχ之内。 牛 根據本發明，光接收元件係連接到一構件，其具 頻率相依的阻抗，該阻抗隨著頻率增加而增加。在最二 的例子中，頻率相依阻抗可由電感實現。然而，較佳= 5 201007160 迴轉器，其能提供在低頻時可忽略的電阻以及直流電，並 且提供在較高頻率時相當大到幾乎無限的電阻。迴轉器較 佳包括與-電容器相連的-放大器組件。電容器的電&值 和放大元件的電流放大率的乘積較佳至少有〇5成。此導致 對光脈衝(例如有著lkHz重複頻率的光脈衝)而言有足夠高 的阻抗’以及導致幾乎完全抑制周遭光線的結果。此光接 收7L件（例如光二極體）的工作點可以被調整超過大的周遭 売度範圍，以至於線散射光的重疊光脈衝會被良好地接 收。對應大約100000 Lux的紅外線周遭亮度等級是可以容θ 忍的。 光發射器較佳發射連續的（例如矩形）光脈衝，此光 的壳度較佳能依次隨著周遭亮度做調整。此結果是可實 感測器功率消耗在低周遭亮度的情況下甚至降得更低。 再者’可以使用-分析器電路。該電路監視所接收 光脈衝振幅，以及當振幅離開規定的容許範圍時啟本 發射器的亮度調整。較佳只有#—個特定且較佳大 脈衝數目（例如20個脈衝)偏離容許範圍，這個調整才會右❹ 執行。這結果是’因移動的線而可能發生的個別脈衝振^ 波動是被路徑控制（path-c〇mr〇iled)或是達到平穩狀X ^201007160 VI. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a line sensor, particularly for thread monitoring on a machine used in the textile industry. [Prior Art] Monitoring of the line is a common problem, for example, in a knitting machine that processes a large number of individual lines to produce a knit fabric. If a line is broken or not fed correctly, this almost directly leads to the production of waste. Therefore, in the past, a lot of efforts have been made to actually detect whether the line sent to the machine actually exists. Such line sensors are referred to as thread break sensors. For example, the document DE 43 120 26 A1 discloses such a wire break sensor ' however it is designed for use with a ring spinning machine. A light barrier is provided for line detection, and the raster signal is analyzed to determine if the line is missing, running, or waiting. Approximately 3 感 of the sensory internal light modulation was used to suppress unrelated light interference. In principle, this measurement distinguishes between unrelated light and useful signals. However, this is only possible if the ambient brightness does not cause a grating overload. An earlier optical line sensor is known from document DE 2337413. The way the line sensor works is based on the grating principle, and this grating has an optical path that is at least partially scratched by the line. In order to suppress extraneous light, this grating operates using light pulses. However, in this example, there is no way to make the photoreceptor beyond its operating range, that is, the optical receiver operates within the limits, especially when high-intensity ambient light is present at 201007160. 〇 Document DE 2943913 A1 shows another method. This publication discloses an optical receiver that uses a photodiode to receive an optical pulse signal that is bridged by an inductor to make the circuit insensitive to low frequency interference. This signal passes through a dual capacitor that also filters out low frequency interference. This signal through the double capacitor is amplified by the amplifier and then input to the comparator. The comparator compares the output voltage of the amplifier with a reference signal determined by the diode current. This reference signal can be implemented with a diode current stream ^-capacitor and a resistor connected in parallel therewith. The rc thus formed is a reference voltage for the device. This connection is not sensitive to disturbing light. Even though there is a very high proportion of fixed light, the threshold value of the comparator occurs. The value of the comparator vaiue will climb to such an extent that the useful pulse is almost two = the comparator frequency is established and the inductance is two =: very two; when the frequency resonates This series impedance may reduce the infrared rays to operate the line:::4 at::two words' intended to use sunlight. The detector actually operates continuously because of the associated electric light, or even the direct manual adjustment of the individual salty force and the lack of a safe accompanying environment. Furthermore, it must be assumed that consumption is consumed. This is correct, especially trying to reduce its power as much as possible, considering that a textile machine (textile 4 201007160 machineX such as a knitting machine) may have a very large number of individual line sensors' Moreover, the line sensor is supplied with a common operating voltage by a common operating circuit. Since the light emitter is the main component of the sensor's power consumption, if the power consumption of the sensor is reduced, the performance of the light emitter must inevitably be reduced. However, if the light sensor emits a weak optical signal, it is particularly sensitive to interference. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of this factor, it is an object of the present invention to provide an improved line sensor. This object is achieved by a line sensor according to the invention: The line sensor according to the invention comprises a light emitter and a light receiver and operates on the principle of a refected Hght barrier. The light receiver does not directly see the light emitter, but only receives the light reflected back from the line and selectively receives any ambient light, i.e., the interfering light. Here, the reference to the present description and the context of the present invention, light, is understood to mean any kind of short-wave electromagnetic radiation, including the far infrared range to the ultraviolet (UV) range. More suitably, the line sensor according to the present invention uses a wave line generated by a commercial-purpose IR diode, which is mass-produced and has been commercially available as an example of its wavelength. The range is in the range of 900 nm to 1 μηχ. According to the invention, the light receiving element is connected to a member having a frequency dependent impedance which increases with increasing frequency. In the second example, the frequency dependent impedance can be Inductance is achieved. However, a preferred = 5 201007160 gyrator provides a negligible resistance at low frequencies as well as direct current and provides a relatively large to almost infinite resistance at higher frequencies. The gyrator preferably includes a - capacitor - the amplifier component. The product of the electrical & value of the capacitor and the current amplification of the amplifying component is preferably at least 50%. This results in a light pulse (For example, a light pulse with a repetition rate of 1 kHz) has a sufficiently high impedance' and results in almost complete suppression of ambient light. The operating point of this light receiving 7L piece (eg photodiode) can be adjusted beyond the large circumference. The range is such that the overlapping light pulses of the line scattered light are well received. The brightness level corresponding to the infrared rays of approximately 100,000 lux can be tolerated. The light emitter preferably emits a continuous (eg rectangular) light pulse, which The shell of the light is preferably adjusted in turn with the brightness of the surrounding. This result is that the power consumption of the sensible sensor is even lower even in the case of low ambient brightness. Furthermore, the analyzer circuit can be used. Receiving the amplitude of the optical pulse and adjusting the brightness of the transmitter when the amplitude leaves the specified allowable range. Preferably, only #—specific and preferably large number of pulses (eg, 20 pulses) deviate from the allowable range, this adjustment will be right ❹ Execution. The result is that the individual pulse vibrations that may occur due to the moving line are path-controlled (path-c〇mr〇iled) or Stable-like X ^
(leveled 0ut)。以這種方式，區別移動和沒有移動的= 能的。 疋0J 再者，當光接收器沒有收到任何從線反射回來的 時，讓分析器電路降低發射出去的光脈衝頻率是可能的 這樣做時，如果沒有線的話，線感測器會進入休眠模式， 6 201007160 這是因為它使用較低的功率和不用發射二極體。 【實施方式】 圖1顯示一稱為機器環(machine ring) 1的支樓物，有幾 個線感測器2安裝於其上。這些線感測器是小型且設計相 同的裝置’它們從一條共同的電線得到電力，並且被連接 到一匯流排或是其他的信號線。該等裝置被同樣安裝在機 * 器環1上的單元3所控制。 罄 圖2所示的線感測器2包含在輸入侧的線張力裝置4, 然而圖1的線感測器2’其線張力裝置係放在輸出側。線感 測器2被用來監視線5的不同狀態，例如，，線不在，，、”線在 且停住”、，，線在且移動中”。 線感測器2包含一容納電子電路的機殼6。該電路包含 具有一發光二極體8的光發射器7(圖3)，而該發光二極體 較佳發射紅外線。如圖2所示，該二極體較佳被設置來發 射向上傾斜的光線。其將其光錐(light c〇ne)導向在垂直排列 參 的線5上。再者，線感測器2包含一光接收器9(圖3),該 光接收器具有一光接收元件10，例如IR光二極體11〇如 圖2所示’IR光二極體丨丨較佳被設置成向下傾斜看著線 發光二極體8和IR光二極體u的光學軸一起對—— 合適的銳角。其光學軸較佳相遇在線5上或是附近者:較 讓來自IR發光二極體8的散射光避開汛光二極體11 Y 了 佳在它們之間使用條帶(strip)隔開，藉此，發光二極較 光二極體11被鑲進前面的機殼6。此外，另一個蝥 和 體U可以被設置在前侧，該二極體發射可見光以及充 7 201007160 作狀態指示器。 光發射器7和光接收器9較佳在分析器裝置14的指示 下運作，這分析器裝置如圖3方塊圖所示，而且，舉例^ 說，用微控制器來實現。為了輸出一個信號到輸出端15， 分析器電路14接收光接收器9的輸出信號並且分析它們， 該信號指示三個不同的狀態（沒線、線停住以及線移動中）。 再者，為了觸發該發射器，分析器電路14被連接到光-發射器7,例如經由線路16、17來發射個別的光脈衝(線路-16) ’以及因此預先指定的光亮度(線路17) ^ ❹ 圖4是光發射器7的電路圖。在這個例子中，如同其 他電路一樣，操作電壓源分別是用，’x”來表示。從那裡開 始’經由電阻器18 ’操作電流供應給讯光發射器8。該電 源藉由電容器19被緩衝到地。IR發光二極體8被連接到放 大器的輸出端(在這裡是電晶體2〇)，該放大器射極經由電 阻器21被連接到地。此外，反相回授電阻器22連接電晶 體射極和操作放大器的反相輸入端。另外，此反相輸入端 經由二極體24和電阻器25被連接到操作電壓。這兩個元❹ 件的連接點是輸入端26，觸發個別發射器脈波的控制線17 被連接到這裡。 操作放大器23的非反相輸入端經過一個低通濾波器 (電阻器27和電容器28)被連接到輸入端29,該輸入端被連 接到線路16藉以控制發射器亮度。 圖5是光接受器9本身的電路。IR光二極體經由電阻 器30被連接到操作電壓。其正極被連接到迴轉器31，在示 8 201007160 範實施例中迴轉器31是由ρηρ電晶體32來代表，該迴轉 器集極被接地，以及其射極經由電阻器33連接到IR發光 二極體’並且電容器34連接電阻器33和電晶體32的基極。 額外的電阻器35和36被用來形成—個分壓器37,豆提供 基極電流給電晶體32的基極。 〃 ❹ 迴轉器31《由内部所控制。其只被流經ir光二極體 η的電流所控制，其他信號並無法控制它。IR光二極體η 的負極被連接到-航電壓。此狀電壓由—齊納二極體 (Zener d1〇de)38和一缓衝電容器39所確保，其引 極體11的正極接地。 IR光二極體11的正極和迴轉器31之 電容器40和放大器41的輸入端連在一 是個_器，同時，也“電容器4。可以 到目前為止，該線感測器2運作如下. 為了描述功能，假定線存在於IR發 之中。線5反射-部份由IR發光二極體8:$體8的視野 析器電路Μ以給定的時脈速率（例如邮發射的光。分 線路17發出指令脈衝給光發射㈣7。重複頻率)透過 晶體20供應特定電流給ir發光二極體&個別脈衝引起電 放大器23的非反相輸入端的參考電壓姨電流是由操作 入端29的信號決定，該信號是分析器電^。該雜由輸 送給光發射H 7。其可以是減信號或經由線路16 衝，而這些數位脈衝藉由包含電阻器27疋連串的數位脈 通濾波器積分轉換成一等效信號。° 和電容器28的低 9 201007160 個別的光脈衝由光接收器9所接收。每一個光脈衝讓 IR光二極體11產生電流脈衝。在迴轉器31上，電流脈衝 被轉換成電壓脈衝。迴轉器31本身是個與頻率相依的阻 抗。在考慮到周遭亮度照射在IR光二極體11所產生的電 流=，這特別地重要。周遭亮度可能非常高，因此這樣的 電流會達到相當大的值，而且，在個別情況下，报清楚地 會比由線反射的弱光所產生的電流大上幾個數量級。然 而’迴轉器31對直流電有極低的電阻。這樣的結果是，在 IR光^^體11上觸發直流電的均勻周遭亮度只產生幾乎❹ 和周迻壳度等級無關的固定壓降是可以實現的。相反地， 由接，的線反射信號所觸發的短暫電流脈衝在迴轉器31引 起極间的壓降。結果，相應於連接點42，電晶體32在基極 有個短暫的固定偏壓。這個結果相對於電源是短暫的。換 句話說，迴轉器31對電流脈衝呈現著高電阻。 这樣產生的電壓脈衝經由電容器4〇輸出到放大器 41二該放大器對每個所接收的光脈衝都產生一個輸出信號 脈衝’該輸出信號脈衝的特徵跟所接收的光脈衝強度有關。❹ 現在’分析器電路14分析是否有接收到脈衝。除此之 外，其分析脈衝的強度。如果沒有接收到任何脈衝，分析 器電路14判定線是不存在的。在偏好的實施例中，分析器 電路現在降低IR發光二極體8的觸發頻率。此外，該分； 器電路設定脈衝亮相—個平均值。重複鮮可能降到， 例如2Hz、1Hz、或是更低。 然而，如果分析器電路14接收到脈衝，其會先讓發射 201007160 回到標準運作值，例如1kHz。該分析 率下接收線反射脈衝。這樣提供了線存 衝是3同t況下，，析器電路14檢查寝 7小，或是有變動值得注意。如果變動低於 ’分_電路判定赫在但歧在移動。如果個 氏衝尺寸的變動增加，而且如果變動超過一界限值(leveled 0ut). In this way, the difference between moving and not moving = can.疋0J Furthermore, when the optical receiver does not receive any reflection from the line, it is possible to let the analyzer circuit reduce the frequency of the emitted optical pulse. If so, if there is no line, the line sensor will go to sleep. Mode, 6 201007160 This is because it uses lower power and does not emit diodes. [Embodiment] Fig. 1 shows a branch called a machine ring 1, on which a plurality of line sensors 2 are mounted. These line sensors are small and identically designed devices that receive power from a common wire and are connected to a bus or other signal line. These devices are controlled by unit 3, which is also mounted on the machine ring 1. The line sensor 2 shown in Fig. 2 includes the wire tensioning device 4 on the input side, whereas the wire sensor 2' of Fig. 1 has its wire tensioning device placed on the output side. The line sensor 2 is used to monitor different states of the line 5, for example, the line is not, ", the line is on and stopped", the line is in and moving. The line sensor 2 contains a receiving electronic circuit The casing 6. The circuit comprises a light emitter 7 (Fig. 3) having a light emitting diode 8, and the light emitting diode preferably emits infrared light. As shown in Fig. 2, the diode is preferably provided. To emit upwardly inclined light, which directs its light cone to the vertically aligned line 5. Further, the line sensor 2 includes a light receiver 9 (Fig. 3), which receives light The device has a light receiving element 10, such as an IR photodiode 11, as shown in Fig. 2. The 'IR photodiode 丨丨 is preferably arranged to be inclined downward to look at the optical of the line LED 8 and the IR photodiode u. The axes are paired together - suitable acute angles. The optical axes preferably meet on or near the line 5: the scattered light from the IR light-emitting diodes 8 is avoided from the light-emitting diode 11 Y. The strips are spaced apart, whereby the light-emitting diodes are mounted in the front casing 6 than the light-emitting diodes 11. In addition, the other body and the body U can be Set on the front side, the diode emits visible light and charges 7 201007160 as a status indicator. The light emitter 7 and the light receiver 9 preferably operate under the direction of the analyzer device 14, which is shown in Figure 3 And, by way of example, implemented by a microcontroller. To output a signal to the output 15, the analyzer circuit 14 receives the output signals of the optical receiver 9 and analyzes them, the signals indicating three different states (not In addition, in order to trigger the transmitter, the analyzer circuit 14 is connected to the light-transmitter 7, for example to transmit individual light pulses (lines - 16) via lines 16, 17. 'And thus the pre-specified lightness (line 17) ^ ❹ Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the light emitter 7. In this example, as with other circuits, the operating voltage source is represented by 'x', respectively. From there, the current is supplied to the light emitter 8 via the resistor 18'. The power source is buffered to ground by capacitor 19. The IR LED 8 is connected to the output of the amplifier (here a transistor 2A) which is connected to ground via a resistor 21. In addition, an inverting feedback resistor 22 is coupled to the inverting input of the transistor and the operational amplifier. In addition, this inverting input is connected to the operating voltage via the diode 24 and the resistor 25. The connection point of these two components is the input terminal 26 to which the control line 17 that triggers the individual transmitter pulse is connected. The non-inverting input of operational amplifier 23 is coupled via a low pass filter (resistor 27 and capacitor 28) to input terminal 29, which is coupled to line 16 to control transmitter brightness. Fig. 5 is a circuit of the photoreceptor 9 itself. The IR photodiode is connected to the operating voltage via a resistor 30. Its anode is connected to a gyrator 31, which is represented by a ρηρ transistor 32, which is grounded, and whose emitter is connected to the IR illuminator via a resistor 33, in the embodiment of the present invention. The pole body 'and the capacitor 34 connect the resistor 33 and the base of the transistor 32. Additional resistors 35 and 36 are used to form a voltage divider 37 that provides a base current to the base of transistor 32. 〃 ❹ The gyrator 31 is controlled by the inside. It is only controlled by the current flowing through the ir photodiode η, and other signals cannot control it. The negative electrode of the IR photodiode η is connected to the -carrier voltage. This voltage is ensured by a Zener diode 38 and a snubber capacitor 39, and the anode of the anode 11 is grounded. The anode of the IR photodiode 11 and the capacitor 40 of the gyrator 31 and the input terminal of the amplifier 41 are connected to each other, and also "capacitor 4." So far, the line sensor 2 operates as follows. Function, assuming that the line is present in the IR ray. Line 5 is reflected - in part by the IR illuminator 8: $ </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> </ RTI> 17 issuing a command pulse to the light emission (4) 7. Repeating frequency) supplying a specific current through the crystal 20 to the ir light emitting diode & the individual pulse causes the reference voltage of the non-inverting input terminal of the electrical amplifier 23 to be a signal operated by the input terminal 29. It is decided that the signal is an analyzer circuit. The noise is supplied to the light emission H 7. It can be a subtraction signal or a pulse through the line 16, and these digital pulses are connected by a digital pulse filter including a resistor 27 疋The integral is converted into an equivalent signal. ° and the low of the capacitor 28 9 201007160 Individual light pulses are received by the light receiver 9. Each light pulse causes the IR light source 11 to generate a current pulse. On the gyrator 31, the current pulse is Convert into The voltage pulse. The gyrator 31 itself is a frequency-dependent impedance. This is particularly important in consideration of the current generated by the ambient light luminance in the IR photodiode 11. The ambient brightness may be very high, so such a current will reach a considerable value. Large values, and, in individual cases, are reported to be several orders of magnitude larger than the current produced by the weak light reflected by the line. However, the 'gyrator 31 has a very low resistance to direct current. The result is that It is achievable to trigger a uniform ambient brightness of the direct current on the IR optical body 11 to produce only a fixed voltage drop that is independent of the circumferentially shifted shell level. Conversely, a short current pulse triggered by the connected line reflection signal The voltage drop between the poles is caused at the gyrator 31. As a result, the transistor 32 has a short fixed bias at the base corresponding to the connection point 42. This result is short-lived with respect to the power supply. In other words, the gyrator 31 is The current pulse exhibits a high resistance. The resulting voltage pulse is output via capacitor 4〇 to amplifier 41. The amplifier produces an output signal for each received light pulse. The pulse 'the characteristic of the output signal pulse is related to the intensity of the received light pulse. ❹ Now the analyzer circuit 14 analyzes whether a pulse has been received. In addition, it analyzes the intensity of the pulse. If no pulse is received, the analysis The circuit 14 determines that the line is absent. In a preferred embodiment, the analyzer circuit now reduces the trigger frequency of the IR LED 8. In addition, the circuit sets the pulse derivation - an average value. Down to, for example, 2 Hz, 1 Hz, or lower. However, if the analyzer circuit 14 receives the pulse, it will first transmit the 201007160 back to the standard operating value, such as 1 kHz. The analysis line will receive the line reflection pulse. The line buffer is 3 in the same t state, the analyzer circuit 14 checks that the bed is small, or there are changes worth noting. If the change is lower than the 'minute' circuit, the circuit is determined to be moving. If the change in the size of the individual's punch increases, and if the change exceeds a threshold
Ρ個別線脈衝野平均值的偏離值，則分析器電路判定線 在移動中。 、 Α判定線是否在移動中的測試可分別擴大個別脈衝的指 ^數目（例如20個脈衝)來做。一旦在提及的三種狀態中做 出決定’分析器魏14會在其輸出端15發出對應的信號。Ρ The deviation of the mean value of the individual line pulse field, the analyzer circuit determines that the line is moving. The test of whether the line is determined to be moving can be expanded by expanding the number of fingers of the individual pulses (for example, 20 pulses). Once the decision is made in the three states mentioned, the analyzer 14 will send a corresponding signal at its output 15.
器脈衝的重複頻率 電路接著在同樣頰 在的結論。 除此之外，分析器電路14可以調整IR發光二極體8 =發射亮度。為了賴做’該分析器電路可以再次監視規 ，的脈衝數目2G。如果大部份的脈衝在規定的電塵範圍或 各許範圍之外’發射亮度可以再被調整，這樣一來，所接 ，的脈衝大小會再次回到期望的範圍。用這種方式，感測 器2自動適應最多樣化的線的特性、厚度和顏色等等。 圖6顯示光接收器9的替代實施例。不^^的是，迴轉 器包含-當作電晶體43的npn電晶體。該電晶體集極 被連接到IR光二極體11的正極。電阻器44被使用來供應 基極電壓’該電阻器將電晶體43的基極連接到其集極。此 外’電路的運作方式如上面所述。這電路使用相同的參考 信號，參考信號的產生如上所述。 11 201007160 根據圖6的電路，另一種修改是可能的。舉例來說， 放大器41可以是操作放大器，該放大器具有經由高通濾波 器45連接到迴轉器31之反相輸入端，及經由低通濾波器 46連接到迴轉器31之非反相輸入端。如果需要的話，這種 安排也可以顛倒過來，使得反相輸入端經由低通濾波器連 接到迴轉器31，以及非反相輸入端經由高通濾波器連接到 迴轉器31。此電路甚至可以提供一個改良的干擾信號抑制。 一種改良的線感測器2,其特徵在於對干擾有極低的敏 感度。該線感測器光學運作方式與反射式光柵的原理一 〇 致對負载電阻而言’ IR光二極體u包括與頻率相依的元 件，其較佳為迴轉器31的形式。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1為在支樓物(如針織機）上的幾個線感測器的展示 圖。 圖2為稍微修改的線感測器構造的個別展示圖。 圖3為線感測器的電路圖。 圖4為線感測器中的光發射器電路圖。 圖5為線感測器中的光接受器電路圖。 圖6為光線接受器的修改實施例的電路圖。 【主要11的進-步修改實關的電路圖 2 機械環 線感測器 單元 12 3 201007160The repetition rate of the pulse of the circuit is then concluded at the same cheek. In addition to this, the analyzer circuit 14 can adjust the IR light-emitting diode 8 = emission brightness. In order to do this, the analyzer circuit can monitor the gauge again, and the number of pulses is 2G. If most of the pulses are outside the specified range of electrical dust or outside the range, the emission brightness can be adjusted again, so that the pulse size of the connected pulse will return to the desired range again. In this way, the sensor 2 automatically adapts to the characteristics, thickness and color of the most diverse lines, and the like. Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the light receiver 9. What is not the case is that the gyrator contains - as an npn transistor of the transistor 43. The collector of the transistor is connected to the anode of the IR photodiode 11. Resistor 44 is used to supply the base voltage 'which connects the base of transistor 43 to its collector. The operation of the circuit is as described above. This circuit uses the same reference signal and the reference signal is generated as described above. 11 201007160 According to the circuit of Figure 6, another modification is possible. For example, amplifier 41 can be an operational amplifier having an inverting input coupled to gyrator 31 via high pass filter 45 and a non-inverting input coupled to gyrator 31 via low pass filter 46. This arrangement can also be reversed if desired, such that the inverting input is coupled to the gyrator 31 via a low pass filter and the non-inverting input is coupled to the gyrator 31 via a high pass filter. This circuit can even provide an improved interference signal rejection. An improved line sensor 2 is characterized by a very low sensitivity to interference. The optical operation of the line sensor is the same as that of the reflective grating. The IR photodiode u includes a frequency dependent component, preferably in the form of a gyrator 31. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a representation of several line sensors on a building such as a knitting machine. 2 is an individual representation of a slightly modified line sensor configuration. Figure 3 is a circuit diagram of the line sensor. 4 is a circuit diagram of a light emitter in a line sensor. Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of the light receiver in the line sensor. Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of a modified embodiment of a light receptor. [Main 11's step-by-step modification of the actual circuit diagram 2 Mechanical loop line sensor unit 12 3 201007160
4 線張力裝置 5 線 6 機殼 7 光發射器 8 IR發光二極體 9 光接收器 10 接收元件 11 IR光二極體 12 條帶 13 發光二極體 14 分析器電路 15 輸出端 16,17 線路 18 電阻器 19 電容器 20 放大器 21 電阻器 22 反相回授電阻器 23 操作放大器 24 二極體 25 電阻器 26 輸入端 27 電阻器 28 電容器 13 201007160 29 輸入端 30 電阻器 31 迴轉器 32 pnp電晶體 33 電阻器 34 電容器 35,36 電阻器 37 分壓器 38 齊納二極體 39 緩衝電容器 40 電容器 41 放大器 42 連接點 43 npn電晶體 44 電阻器 45 局通)慮波器 46 低通濾波器 144-wire tension device 5 wire 6 housing 7 light emitter 8 IR light-emitting diode 9 light receiver 10 receiving element 11 IR light body 12 strip 13 light-emitting diode 14 analyzer circuit 15 output terminal 16, 17 line 18 Resistor 19 Capacitor 20 Amplifier 21 Resistor 22 Inverting feedback resistor 23 Operational amplifier 24 Diode 25 Resistor 26 Input 27 Resistor 28 Capacitor 13 201007160 29 Input 30 Resistor 31 Gyrator 32 pnp transistor 33 Resistor 34 Capacitor 35, 36 Resistor 37 Voltage divider 38 Zener diode 39 Buffer capacitor 40 Capacitor 41 Amplifier 42 Connection point 43 npn transistor 44 Resistor 45 Board pass) Filter 46 Low pass filter 14