TW201005645A - Method and system for updating electronic devices firmware - Google Patents

Method and system for updating electronic devices firmware Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201005645A
TW201005645A TW97128290A TW97128290A TW201005645A TW 201005645 A TW201005645 A TW 201005645A TW 97128290 A TW97128290 A TW 97128290A TW 97128290 A TW97128290 A TW 97128290A TW 201005645 A TW201005645 A TW 201005645A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
electronic device
update
firmware
updating
data
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TW97128290A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
Xian Wu
Zhou Yu
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Universal Scient Ind Co Ltd
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Application filed by Universal Scient Ind Co Ltd filed Critical Universal Scient Ind Co Ltd
Priority to TW97128290A priority Critical patent/TW201005645A/en
Publication of TW201005645A publication Critical patent/TW201005645A/en

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Abstract

A method and system for updating an electronic device's firmware which ensures a safe updating procedure is provided. The method includes the steps of: determining whether the procedure needs to enter a safe updating mode; if it doesn't, loading a kernel operation system; otherwise, initializing the network accessing function of the device under the safe updating mode and listening to a connecting request; if the connecting request is discovered, setting up a connection section and receiving an updating command for updating the firmware of the device; and finally, updating the firmware of the electronic device according to the updating command received. The system includes a firmware recording unit and an updating module, and the updating module further includes a network module and a processing module. The network module of the updating module listens and receives a connecting request, and sets up connection to receive an updating command. The processing module updates the firmware recorded in the firmware recording unit according to the updating command.

Description

201005645 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於-種電子裝置更新動體資料之方法盘 系統,尤其係一種具有網路連線功能之電 資料的方法與系統。 【先前技術】 ❿/财許多電子㈣或電縣置都可以透過網路連線取 得物體的更新程式’用來修正㈣的錯誤或是改善執體的 穩定性與效能。但是用在電腦裝置的韌體更新方法,對於 嵌入式系統裝置或是小型電子裳置如手機、個人數位助理 而言,或因硬體配備不足以支援韌體更新、或是比照電腦 裝置的滅更新方法將提高製作成本,因此無法完㈣用 電腦裝置複雜的韌體更新方法。 例如公告號7,191,327的美國專利(Int_t_enabied •―似 pr〇visi〇ning,叩抑知㈣ reC0very mechanism )中, 在開機時由開機管理程式(b〇〇t l〇ader)提供一設 (default script)產生和驗證兩個相同的磁區分割表,再用 磁區分割表中的資料來產生及驗證在記憶體中的磁區。 • 肖機管理程式在驗證磁區分割表的過程中,如果沒有 找到任何分割表、或是發現更新旗標時,會利用該腳本建 立所>4的刀割表’其中’该腳本可能會指示開機管理模組 從網路上的伺服器中下載資料或其他腳本。而若其中一個 磁區分割表無效,開機管理程式會利用上述的方式複製一 6 201005645 個可用的分割表。然而,上述過程需要用到該項裝置的基 本資料和腳本,而這些資訊都被放置在遠端的伺服器中。 . 當驗證磁區分割表的作業完成後,開機管理程式才載 入另一個啟動腳本(start-up script),用來指示開機管理程 式去檢查該裝置的軟體更新版本,而軟體更新版本的資訊 也位在伺服器上。 ° 上述的專利技術雖然可以達成自動檢查腳本及進行自 φ 動更新軟體,但需要一專用的伺服器隨時用於供連線取得 腳本、裝置資讯及進行更新,顯然增加了整體的建置成本, 可能連帶地反應在使用這項更新技術之裴置的成本上。 當然,許多嵌入式系統裝置或小型電子裝置會利用使 用根檔系統(Root Filesystem)中提供的網路圖形使用者 介面(GUI)來進行韌體的更新,但此種更新方法的前提 係在於裝置開啟後已經正常進入作業系統,若於更新的過 程中發生異常’例如電源突然中斷、或是更新版本錯誤造 • 絲置發生錯誤,裝置再次啟動後,因為勒體無法正常配 合硬體的運作,即無法進到作業系統當中,使用者也無法 ^救或重新進行被中斷的謹更新作業,只能將裝置送回 、准,廠商處進行維修,造成使用者使用的不便與時間的浪 費。為了防止上述情形的發生,部分裝置會在其記憶體中 常態地儲存—份備用的作業系統或根檔系統,以做為主要 、統損壞時的補救措施,但如此一來免不了要佔用許多裝 置中的記憶體空間’形成浪費和製造成本的增加。 7 201005645 機環境:利::令二:糸(裝置透過RedB〇〇t提供的開 更新,但這種;式對:―面般 入指令_體的 是一種友善而便利的操作方文 置使用者來5兒’並不 電子產品上。 万式,無法廣泛地運用在消費性 參 上,目前嵌入式系統設備的勃體更新作業 易地進行細體更新的作業點一般使时不敢輕 法確保更新程序是否能順利完成仃實中也無 下’讓普通使用者在任何時:都可以:二 =決:的配置增進電子裝置運作穩定性及增加效 【發明内容】 本發明之創作目的,係為了提供一種電子裝置勤體更 新方法及系統,該方法及系統可以安全地進行電子裝置韌 體更新的程序,無需擔心因為突然發生的運作異常、、或是 勒體更新時發生的錯誤而導致勃體更新的失敗、或甚至造 成整個電子裝置系統的崩潰,可以廣泛地運用於 類產品。 卞 本發明的另一個創作目的,係為了提供一種電子裝置 韌體更新方法及系統,確保電子裝置可順利更新韌體,不 需擔心更新程序失敗而時常存放備用的核心作業系統,避 免佔用裝置的記憶空間。 8 201005645 勒體更斜方=個創作目的’係為了提供-種電子裝置 而易憧、易於ίΓ先’雜體更新的程序係透過一個簡單 而有助於讓非:::式進行’簡化韌體更新作業的程序 電子裝置 /、d用者也能自行完成更新程序,減少 節省使dn造或販售廠商進行更新的機會,可以 者的等待_與減少服務成本。 案,出達述的目的’根據本發明其中的一種方 括下列步驟· z電子裝置拿刃體更新方法,該方法至少包 入一安全tit,在電抒置啟動時,判斷是否需要進 郷更㈣式,躲進人安錢新模式後,在 是否置的網路服務功能,並且持續侦聽 且接收’右舰到連接請求,即建立網路連線並 電呆,旨令,該操作維護指令係用於指示對該 _ 維譫if,輪操作;最後’根據所接收到的操作 、、a"對該電子裝置進行韌體資料的更新作業。 此r為了安全且簡易地完成電子裝置_體更新作 菜,根據本發明的—種方案,再提出—種電子聚置勒 2系統。該系統中包括一更新模組及一 _記憶單元,其 ’勒體記憶單元係用於記憶該電子裝置之17體資料;而 該更新模組中更包括—網路模組及_處理模組。 瀛’、周路模組用以提供該電子裝置之網路服務功能,同 時偵聽連接請求’並且於偵聽到有連接請求且接受後,建 、、周路連線並透過網路連線提供一更新介面以接收一操 201005645 作維護指令,㈣處理模組則根據所接㈣操作維護指 令’對勤體記憶單元中的勃體資料進行相應的操作或維護 處理。 、β #由電子I置在-個安全更新模式之下進行更新,電 子裝置不需受限於作業系統的正常運作來進行執體更新; 而更新模組中所具備的元件與資料係為不可更改之唯讀資 訊’即使作業系統發生異常,只要重新啟動電子裝置°,更 ❹仍可進㈣體更新的作#,並且不需要額外的儲存 二間經常性地備份-份_資料,節省了硬體儲存空間; 此外’以提供更新介面及接收操作維護指令的方式進行勤 體更新的作業,操作上具有直觀而簡易的優點不論從使 2者或電子錢ϋ作的肢觀察,本發明㈣統或方法所 楗供的技術手段,都能達成上述安全更新與簡易操作的目 的。 馨【實施方式】 本發明係為提供一種電子裝置勒體更新方法及系統, 其係可確保Μ更新子裝置 歧新時發生⑽響,亦不需制的操作手續常=; 全的更賴式之下簡易又便利地完成_的更新或保 存等操作。為了提供更詳盡的說明與解釋,以下將配合流 程圖及方塊圖進行解說’以便更為明確而清楚地揭露本發 明所蚀爾66杜你2Z $ «τη 201005645 第一圖係為本發明所提供的一種電子裝置韌體更新方 法實施例的流程圖,請配合參照第四圖所示的電子裝置韌 體更新系統實施例方塊圖。 本實施例首先在一電子裝置4啟動後,載入作 之前,進入一安全更新模式(S101);進入安全更新模式後 啟動電子裝置4的網路連線功能,即開啟網路服務,例如: 初始化代表該電子裴置4的網路位址(IP address),及偵 聽來自-用戶端X置5的連接請求,並在接受該項請求 後,建立一網路連線(S103);在建立網路連線之後,接收 來自用戶端裝置5所發出的操作維護指令,例如:更新韌 體資料(S105 );處理模組4 〇2根據所接收到的該項操作維 護指令,對電子襄置4的動體資料執行相對應的作業 (S107),例如:讀取新韌體資料並載入至記憶電子裝置* 韋刃體資料的勃體記憶單元42中,完成在更新物體資料之 業。 • 第二圖係為本發明所提供的另一種電子裝置韌體更新 方法實施例中,判斷是否應該進入安全更新模式的流程圖 (请同時配合參閱第四圖所示)。於本實施例中,啟動電子 裝置4後(S201 ),先判斷是否接收到一進入安全更新模 的啟動命令,例如指示進入安全更新模式之一按鍵被觸^ 而發出该啟動命令(S203 ),若接收到該啟動命令則進入a 全更新模式(S205);但若未接收到啟動命令,則進一步 斷電子裝置4前次啟動後是否因異常因素關閉,例如因為 系統陷入無限循環或當機,造成系統計時器(如Watchd: 201005645201005645 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method disk system for updating dynamic data of an electronic device, and more particularly to a method and system for electronic data having a network connection function. [Prior Art] Many electronic (4) or electric county units can obtain an object update program through the Internet connection to correct (4) errors or improve the stability and performance of the body. However, the firmware update method used in computer devices is for embedded system devices or small electronic devices such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants, or because hardware is not enough to support firmware update, or to compare computer devices. The update method will increase the production cost, so it is impossible to complete the (4) complex firmware update method using a computer device. For example, in U.S. Patent No. 7,191,327 (Int_t_enabied, pr〇visi〇ning, reC0very mechanism), a boot-up program (b〇〇tl〇ader) is provided at boot time ( The default script) generates and verifies two identical partition tables, and then uses the data in the partition table to generate and verify the magnetic regions in the memory. • In the process of verifying the partition table, if the schematic manager does not find any partition table or find the update flag, the script will be used to create the >4 knife cut table 'where' the script may Instruct the boot management module to download data or other scripts from a server on the network. If one of the partition table is invalid, the boot manager will copy a 6 201005645 available split table using the above method. However, the above process requires the use of the device's basic data and scripts, and this information is placed in the remote server. When the job of verifying the partition table is completed, the boot manager loads another start-up script to instruct the boot manager to check the software update version of the device, and the software update version information. Also located on the server. ° Although the above patented technology can achieve automatic inspection scripts and software updates, it requires a dedicated server to be used for connection to obtain scripts, device information and updates, which obviously increases the overall construction cost. , may be associated with the cost of the installation using this updated technology. Of course, many embedded system devices or small electronic devices use the network graphical user interface (GUI) provided in the Root Filesystem for firmware update, but the prerequisite for this update method is the device. After being turned on, the operating system has been normally entered. If an abnormality occurs during the update process, such as a sudden power interruption or a wrong version of the update, if the wire is set incorrectly, after the device is restarted, the device cannot work properly with the hardware. That is, it is impossible to enter the operating system, and the user cannot save or re-execute the interrupted update operation, and can only send the device back, accurate, and repaired by the manufacturer, resulting in inconvenience and waste of time for the user. In order to prevent the above situation from happening, some devices will normally store a spare operating system or a root system in their memory as a remedy for major damage, but in this case, many devices are indispensable. The memory space in 'forms waste and increases manufacturing costs. 7 201005645 Machine Environment: Lee::Order 2:糸(The device provides an update via RedB〇〇t, but this type is: “Face-like” is a friendly and convenient operation. Those who come to 5 children's are not on electronic products. The type can't be widely used in consumer participation. At present, the operating point of the embedded system equipment is easy to update the work. Make sure that the update process can be successfully completed. There is no need to let the ordinary user at any time: can: the configuration of the second: decision: enhance the stability and increase the efficiency of the electronic device. [Inventive content] In order to provide an electronic device and body update method and system, the method and system can safely perform the firmware update procedure of the electronic device without worrying about an abnormal operation due to a sudden operation or an error occurring during the update of the body. The failure of the Bodhi update, or even the collapse of the entire electronic device system, can be widely applied to products. 另一个 Another creative purpose of the present invention is to provide The electronic device firmware updating method and system ensure that the electronic device can smoothly update the firmware, and it is not necessary to worry about the failure of the update program, and often stores the spare core operating system, thereby avoiding occupying the memory space of the device. 8 201005645 Lecture more oblique square = The purpose of the creation is to provide an electronic device that is easy to use, and that is easy to use. The program that is used to simplify the firmware update operation is made by a simple program that facilitates the non-::: d users can also complete the update process by themselves, reducing the chance of saving the dn or vending vendors, and waiting for them to reduce the cost of the service. The purpose of the case is 'in accordance with one of the inventions' The following steps: z The electronic device takes the blade update method, and the method at least includes a security tit, and when the power is turned on, it is judged whether it is necessary to enter the ( (4) type, and after hiding in the new mode, whether or not it is set The network service function, and continuously listens and receives the 'right ship to the connection request, that is, establishes the network connection and stays in power, the decree, the operation and maintenance instruction is used to refer to For the _wei 谵 if, round operation; finally 'according to the received operation, a " the firmware update operation of the electronic device. This r in order to safely and easily complete the electronic device _ body update cooking, According to the solution of the present invention, an electronic clustering system is further proposed. The system includes an update module and a memory unit, and the 'memory memory unit is used to store the 17 body data of the electronic device. The update module further includes a network module and a processing module. The 路', the peripheral module is used to provide the network service function of the electronic device, while listening for the connection request' and detecting the connection request. After acceptance, Jianshe, Zhoulu will connect and provide an update interface through the network connection to receive a maintenance command from 201005645, and (4) the processing module will follow the (4) operation and maintenance instruction to the body in the memory unit. The data is processed or maintained accordingly. , β# is updated by the electronic I in a security update mode, and the electronic device does not need to be restricted by the normal operation of the operating system to perform the physical update; and the components and data modules in the update module are not available. Change the read-only information 'Even if the operating system is abnormal, just restart the electronic device °, you can still enter the (four) body update #, and do not need to store two regular backups - copies of the data, saving Hardware storage space; In addition, the operation of providing the update interface and receiving the operation and maintenance instructions for the operation of the body is intuitive and simple, and the present invention (4) is observed from the limbs of the two or the electronic money. The technical means provided by the system or method can achieve the above-mentioned safety update and simple operation. [Embodiment] The present invention provides a method and system for updating an electronic device, which can ensure that (10) ringing occurs when the device is updated, and the operation procedure is not required. It is easy and convenient to complete the update or save operation of _. In order to provide a more detailed explanation and explanation, the following will be explained in conjunction with the flowcharts and the block diagrams in order to more clearly and clearly disclose the invention. The invention is provided by the present invention. For a flowchart of an embodiment of an electronic device firmware update method, please refer to the block diagram of the electronic device firmware update system embodiment shown in FIG. In this embodiment, after the electronic device 4 is started, before the loading, the security update mode is entered (S101); after the security update mode is entered, the network connection function of the electronic device 4 is started, that is, the network service is started, for example: Initializing a network address (IP address) representing the electronic device 4, and listening for a connection request from the client X setting 5, and after accepting the request, establishing a network connection (S103); After the network connection is established, the operation and maintenance instruction issued by the client device 5 is received, for example, the firmware information is updated (S105); and the processing module 4 〇2 is based on the received operation and maintenance instruction. The moving body data of 4 is executed (S107), for example, the new firmware data is read and loaded into the memory device 42 of the memory electronic device*, and the object data is updated. . The second figure is a flow chart for determining whether the security update mode should be entered in another embodiment of the electronic device firmware update method provided by the present invention (please refer to the fourth figure at the same time). In this embodiment, after the electronic device 4 is activated (S201), it is first determined whether a startup command to enter the security update mode is received, for example, indicating that one of the keys entering the security update mode is touched and the startup command is issued (S203), If the start command is received, the a full update mode is entered (S205); but if the start command is not received, whether the electronic device 4 is further turned off due to an abnormal factor after the previous start, for example, because the system is in an infinite loop or crashes, Cause system timers (such as Watchd: 201005645

Trnier)中斷計數訊號超時,而記錄了該異常關閉狀態 (S207)’若發現電子裝置4前次有異常關閉的情形,此& ,亦進入安全更新模式(S205),並且在進入安全更新模式後 先清,電子裝置4前次因為異常因素而關閉的記錄,、避免 以後每次啟動電子裝置4都因為此項記錄而必須進入安全 更新模式。反之,若無上述異常情形,表示此時僅係進二 身又啟動後的流程,則繼續執行載入一核心作業系統之 驟(S209)。 ' '' ’ φ 接下來第三圖則展示了本發明所提供的一電子裝置韌 體更新方法實施例之程序中,進入安全更新模式後,進行 相關韌體維護作業的流程(請同時配合參閱第四圖所示), 例如在電子裝置4上閃爍提示燈號或發出提示音,用來提 示已進入安全更新模組,以及下列各項步驟程序。進入安 全更新模式後(S205),由一網路模組4〇〇開始啟動電子裝 置4的網路服務功能,包括初始該電子裝置4之—網路位 • 址(S211),持續偵聽來自用戶端裝置5的連接請求,判斷 是否接收到一連接請求,例如:來自80埠的超文件傳輸通 §fl協定連接請求(S213 ):若接收到來自用戶端裝置5的連 接請求,網路模組400則接受該連接請求,與用戶端裝置 5建立網路連線(S215),建立網路連線後提供一更新介 面,例如一個包含使用者圖形介面的超文字標記語言頁面 (html page),讓用戶端裝置5根據圖形使用者介面上的更 新項目發出一操作維護指令,由網路模組400加以接收 (S217),於本實施例中,操作維護指令係為:備份電子裝 12 201005645 置4的勃體=貝料、更新電子裝置4的動體資料,或直接重 新啟動電子裝置4。 接著域理模組4〇2判斷所接收之操作維護指令為 何者’例如透過通用間道介面(CGI)分析及判別所接收 的操作維私令内谷,並根據不同的操作維護指令執行不 ^業(S219)。在本實施例中’若操作維護指令係 為重新啟動電子裝置4,電子裝置4即立刻重新啟動,返 :第二圖中步驟謂以下再次執行;絲作維護指令係為 ^電H 4 _體資料’處理模組4〇2即讀取勃體記 i : 的,並於㈣彳請賴路模組 400傳輸到向電子裝置4發送操作維護指令的裝置,亦即 用戶端裝置5的備份儲存單元5()中存放(咖),接著可 =重:?鍵重新啟動電子裝置4,或者返回到接收操 的步驟’等待再接收其他的操作維護指令 (),讀作維令係為更新電子裝置4 _體資 料,則網路模組400接收來自向電子裝置 指令的用戶端裝置5上傳的編資料,到内部=元 44中,處理模組搬再讀取在内部記憶單元44中^勒 體資料(S223)’並將新㈣資料载人知體記憶單元π中, 取代勃體記憶單元42原本所記憶的知體資料(s225),秋 後重新啟動電子裝置4,返回第二圖中步驟咖以下執行 、、作^各:施例所描述的流程可發現,由於在進入核 〜作業系統之則必先判斷是否進行更新程序,因此在本發 明所提供的更新方法巾提供—個唯_安全更新模式 13 201005645 、進行對勒體資料的更新或是備份作業,可以確保電子農 置4即使前一次在核心作業系統之中無法更新韌體、或更 斤失敗,再次啟動後仍然有第二次的機會在載入核心作業 私式的程序前進行更新或備份作業,不致因為核心作業系 統的異常而連帶影響韌體及電子裝置4本身硬體的運作。 第四圖係本發明所提供的—種電子裝置韌體更新系統 實施例之方塊圖,該實施例中包括一電子裝置4,其中更 更新模組40、一耕體記憶單元42、一内部記憶單 一 及文全更新模式啟動單元46。更新模組40中則包 括:一網路模組400及一處理模組4〇2。 本實施例中,電子裝置4連結一用戶端裝置5,用以 傳輸電子裝置4幢更新的資料,用戶端裝置5中包括一 備份儲存單元5G及—請儲存單元52,其中資料儲存單 兀52存放了用以修正電子裝置4錯誤或提升其運作效能所 用的新勤體資料’該新勃體資料可事先從一伺服器下載或 光碟片等儲存資料之媒體中讀人;而備份儲存單元% 則供存放從電子裝置4下㈣用的_資料。 本實施例中,電子裝置4係可為具有網路連線功能的 各種嵌入式系統裝置,如:手機、個人數位助理、遊樂器、 影音設備等,其自資料儲存單元Μ取得用以更新的新勃體 t料後’可直接在核心作業系統中透過網路圖形使用者介 面進行更新的作業,或是進行勤體資料的備份作業。但若 於核心作業系統下進行更新的過程中,發生無法完成更新 的情形,例如當機、或是勃體版本錯誤而造成錯誤,若再 201005645 次啟動電子裝置4後可能已無法進行核心作業系統繼續未 完的更新程序。 為了避免發生上述的情形而造成使用者只能將電子裝 置4送回廠商修復,在本實施例中係提供所述的更新模組 40給予再次進行韌體更新的機會,其中,更新模組4〇中 之各項元件及記錄之資訊係為不可修改的模式,因此無論 電子裝置4的核心作業系統是否已經損壞,對電子裝置4 ❹ ❹ 啟動後根據更新模組4〇巾的資訊所進行的活動並無影響。 電子f置4啟動後,更新模組4〇先偵測有無安全更新 f式啟動單元46所傳來的啟動命令,若接收到該啟動命 1則進入文全更新模式,準備進行韌體資料的更新鱼 維,。啟動命令可能來自一個指示進入安全更新模式的按 鍵、觸發後所產生;亦可能由電^ ^ ^ ^ ^ =::Γ出電子裝置4運作有異時所產 it的系初4器偵測到訊號超時的情況。 開始糊組4G指示網路模組400 (IP)、超文株禮於务 列如支持網際網路通訊協定Trnier) interrupt count signal timeout, and the abnormal shutdown state is recorded (S207) 'If it is found that the electronic device 4 has abnormally closed the previous time, this & also enters the security update mode (S205), and enters the security update. After the mode is cleared, the electronic device 4 records the previous shutdown due to abnormal factors, and avoids having to enter the security update mode each time the electronic device 4 is activated because of this record. On the other hand, if there is no abnormality as described above, it means that only the process after the start and the start of the process is completed, and the process of loading a core operating system is continued (S209). ' '' ' φ The third figure shows the flow of the related firmware maintenance operation after entering the security update mode in the program of the electronic device firmware update method provided by the present invention (please also refer to As shown in the fourth figure, for example, a flashing light signal or a sounding sound is emitted on the electronic device 4 to indicate that the security update module has been entered, and the following steps are performed. After entering the security update mode (S205), the network service function of the electronic device 4 is started by a network module 4, including initializing the network address (S211) of the electronic device 4, and continuously listening from The connection request of the client device 5 determines whether a connection request is received, for example, a super file transfer from the 80埠 §fl agreement connection request (S213): if a connection request from the client device 5 is received, the network mode The group 400 accepts the connection request, establishes a network connection with the client device 5 (S215), and provides an update interface after establishing a network connection, such as a hypertext markup language page (html page) including a user graphical interface. The user equipment 5 sends an operation and maintenance instruction according to the update item on the graphical user interface, and is received by the network module 400 (S217). In this embodiment, the operation and maintenance instruction is: backup electronic equipment 12 201005645 The body of the body is placed in the body, the body data of the electronic device 4 is updated, or the electronic device 4 is directly restarted. Then, the domain module 4〇2 determines whether the received operation and maintenance instruction is 'for example, through the Common Channel Interface (CGI) analysis and discriminates the received operation and the private valley, and executes according to different operation and maintenance instructions. Industry (S219). In the embodiment, if the operation and maintenance instruction is to restart the electronic device 4, the electronic device 4 is immediately restarted, and the steps in the second figure are said to be executed again; the wire maintenance command is ^H 4 _ body The data processing module 4〇2 reads the Bohaiji i: and (4) transmits the Laijie module 400 to the device that sends the operation and maintenance instruction to the electronic device 4, that is, the backup storage of the user terminal device 5. Store (coffee) in unit 5(), then = heavy:? The key restarts the electronic device 4, or returns to the receiving operation step 'waiting to receive another operation and maintenance instruction (), and reads the command to update the electronic device 4 _ body data, then the network module 400 receives the electronic device The compiled data uploaded by the user device 5 of the device command is transferred to the internal = element 44, and the processing module re-reads the data in the internal memory unit 44 (S223) and records the new (4) data. In the unit π, the body data (s225) originally memorized by the Bohemia memory unit 42 is replaced, and the electronic device 4 is restarted after the autumn, and the steps are executed in the second figure, and the process described in the example is performed. It can be found that, since it is necessary to first determine whether to perform the update procedure when entering the core-operation system, the update method provided by the present invention provides a security update mode 13 201005645, and updates the physical data or Backup jobs can ensure that the electronic farmer 4 will not be able to update the firmware in the core operating system, or fail more than the previous time. After restarting, there is still a second chance to load the core job privately. Update or before the backup job program, will not work because the core system abnormalities also affect the operation of the electronic device firmware and hardware 4 itself. The fourth figure is a block diagram of an embodiment of an electronic device firmware update system provided by the present invention. The embodiment includes an electronic device 4, wherein the update module 40, a farm memory unit 42, and an internal memory are provided. The single and full update mode starts unit 46. The update module 40 includes a network module 400 and a processing module 4〇2. In this embodiment, the electronic device 4 is connected to a user terminal device 5 for transmitting updated data of the electronic device. The client device 5 includes a backup storage unit 5G and a storage unit 52, wherein the data storage unit 52 The new physical data used to correct the error of the electronic device 4 or improve its operational efficiency is stored. The new physical data can be read in advance from a server downloading or storing media such as a disc, and the backup storage unit is %. It is used to store the _ data used under (4) from the electronic device 4. In this embodiment, the electronic device 4 can be various embedded system devices with network connection functions, such as a mobile phone, a personal digital assistant, a game instrument, a video and audio device, etc., which are obtained from the data storage unit for updating. After the new Boehm t material, it can be updated directly in the core operating system through the network graphical user interface, or the backup of the physical data. However, if the update cannot be completed during the update process under the core operating system, for example, if the machine or the version of the body is wrong, the error may occur. If the electronic device 4 is activated again after 201005645, the core operating system may not be available. Continue the unfinished update process. In order to avoid the above-mentioned situation, the user can only send the electronic device 4 back to the manufacturer for repair. In this embodiment, the update module 40 is provided with the opportunity to perform the firmware update again, wherein the update module 4 is updated. The information of each component and the recorded information is an unmodifiable mode. Therefore, regardless of whether the core operating system of the electronic device 4 has been damaged, the electronic device 4 ❹ ❹ is activated according to the information of the update module 4 wipe. The event has no impact. After the electronic f is set to 4, the update module 4 first detects whether there is a start command sent by the security update f-type start unit 46, and if the start command is received, enters the full update mode, ready for firmware information. Update the fish dimension. The start command may come from a button indicating the entry into the security update mode, which is generated after the trigger; it may also be detected by the electric device ^ ^ ^ ^ ^::: The timeout of the signal. Start the paste group 4G to indicate the network module 400 (IP), the super-texture service such as supporting the Internet Protocol

I文件傳輸通訊協定(HT 的一網路位址,並且持續偵聽】)及初:電子裳置4 輸通訊協定連彳η、心'、否有來自80埠的超文件傳 發出,例置=求係可來自用戶伽所 協定送出做為向電^ ,,路位址透過超文件傳輸通訊 用戶端裝置5建立連線,谁,又後,即可使電子裝置4與 連線飾指令和請的傳輪。 201005645 建立連線後網路模組400並送出一更新介面,於本實 施中’更新介面係為一圖形使用者介面(GUI),其上以直 觀的選項圖示、圖片或文字說明顯示可對電子裝置4的韌 體資料執行的更新項目,在本實施例中的更新項目包括: 更新電子裝置4的韌體資料、備份電子裝置4的韌體資料 及重新啟動電子裝置4。用戶端裝置5可根據更新介面上 的更新項目送出一操作維護指令,由網路模組4〇〇接收。 處理模組402用於處理網路模組4〇〇所接收的操作維 護指令,其中包括例如以通用閘道介面(cgi)來解讀不 同的操作維護指令的内容。 當操作維護指令係為備份電子裝置4的勒體資料時, 處理模組402即自㈣記憶單元42中讀取存放在其中的勒 貝料ϋ且將其複製後通過網路模組_傳送到備份儲 存單元50之_存放’實際應財還可以讀取減記憶單元 42中的韌體資料後放置内部記憶單元I file transfer protocol (a network address of HT, and continuous listening)) and the beginning: electronically set 4 communication protocol, 彳 η, heart ', no super file transmission from 80 ,, example = seeking system can be sent from the user gamma agreement as a power ^, the road address through the super file transmission communication client device 5 to establish a connection, who, after, can make the electronic device 4 and the connection instructions and Please pass the wheel. 201005645 Establish a network module 400 after connection and send an update interface. In this implementation, the update interface is a graphical user interface (GUI), which can be displayed with an intuitive option icon, picture or text description. The update item executed by the firmware information of the electronic device 4, the update item in the embodiment includes: updating the firmware data of the electronic device 4, backing up the firmware information of the electronic device 4, and restarting the electronic device 4. The client device 5 can send an operation and maintenance instruction according to the update item on the update interface, and is received by the network module 4〇〇. The processing module 402 is configured to process the operation maintenance commands received by the network module 4, including, for example, interpreting the contents of different operation and maintenance instructions in a common gateway interface (cgi). When the operation and maintenance instruction is the data of the backup electronic device 4, the processing module 402 reads the Lebes stored therein from the (four) memory unit 42 and copies it and transmits it to the network module. The backup storage unit 50 stores the actual memory unit and can also read the firmware data in the memory unit 42 and then place the internal memory unit.

單元52或備份儲存單元5〇 像檔)到内部記憶單元44, 再將該新韌體資料自内部記憶 料用來覆寫原有的韌體資料,包 [文件傳輪通訊協定傳送資料儲存 50中的新韌體資料(即一韌體映 16 201005645 早=44載人_記料元42巾,減縣存放在勃體記 憶單元42的拿刃體資料。其中,資料儲存單元52中所存放 賴物體資料,係可自—舰器下載、或由—光碟片等儲 存媒體中讀取;而内部記憶單元44則可為電子裝置4中的 隨機存取記憶體(ram)。 若操作維護指令係為重新啟動電子裝置4,處理模組 4〜〇2即重新啟動電子|置4。而電子裝置4在更_體資料 φ $成後若重新啟動、或是根據操作維護指令直接重新啟動 而重開機後,則可同樣經由安全更新模式啟動單元46的控 制,再度進行上述的維修或更新作業,或者是直接進行一 般的開機程序,載入核心作業系統。 由上述實施例所提供的技術和實行手段可以看出,由 於提供一個唯讀的更新模組40用以安全地執行 資料作業,電子褒置4即使在第-次更新作業過程中遭遇 突發意外而未能順利完成韌體的更新,也能擁有再一次進 ❿ 行更新作業的機會’不受先前異常情況的影響,如此可確 保電子裝置4的硬體能順利地結合韌體穩定地運作。 此外,由於提供了安全而有保障的韌體資料更新手 段’因此可以免除在記憶體空間中常存備份的作法,節省 備份勒體貧料所需的記憶體空間以執行其他作業。春然, 右仍有其他因素’欲保留動體資料的備份時,在上述的實 施說明中也揭示了如何對韌體資料進行備份的方式。 再者,由於更新介面係為一圖形使用者介面,其介面 上所提供的内容可以用直觀的圖示、圖形、功能按知來表 17 201005645 不,十分有利於使用者理解所要處理的作業項目,使得原 本困難的杨體資料更新作業,成為即使是不具專業知識的 使用者也可輕易達成的工作。 、 綜上所述,本發明所提供的電子裝置韌體更新方法及 系統,都能使電子裝置韌體更新的便利性提高、裝置進廠 維修的成本和時間都降低,甚至連裝置硬體設備的製造成 本,可因此而降低,無論從使用者或製造者的角度而言, φ 都=項重的技術進步,十分值得加以保護。但在前述各 實施例中所列舉之項目或程序,僅為適用本發明之部分實 ^式,上述内容並非用以限制本發明所得適用及保護之 範可,如有其他符合本發明之精神與未實質改變本發明之 技術手段而進行些微調整者,仍皆屬本發明所涵蓋保護之 範圍。 【圖式簡單說明】 • 第一圖.本發明一電子裝置韌體更新方法實施例流程圖; 第一圖.本發明另一電子裝置韌體更新方法實施例中進入 安全更新模式之流程圖; 第二圖:本發明另一電子裝置韌體更新方法實施例中進行 韌體更新之流程圖;及 第四圖:本發明一電子裝置韌體更新系統實施例方塊圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 S101〜S107流程步驟 18 201005645 S201〜S209流程步驟 S211〜S225流程步驟 4電子裝置 40更新模組 400網路模組 402處理模組 42韌體記憶單元 44内部記憶單元 46安全更新模式啟動單元 5用戶端裝置 50備份儲存單元 52資料儲存單元 19The unit 52 or the backup storage unit 5 is transferred to the internal memory unit 44, and the new firmware data is used to overwrite the original firmware data from the internal memory material, and the package [File Transfer Protocol Transfer Data Storage 50 The new firmware data (ie, a firmware map 16 201005645 early = 44 manned _ note element 42 towel, minus county stored in the body memory unit 42 of the blade body data. Among them, stored in the data storage unit 52 The object data can be downloaded from the ship or read from a storage medium such as a disc, and the internal memory unit 44 can be a random access memory (ram) in the electronic device 4. The system 4 restarts the electronic device 4, and the processing module 4~〇2 restarts the electronic device 4. The electronic device 4 restarts after the _ body data φ$ is completed, or is directly restarted according to the operation and maintenance instruction. After rebooting, the above-mentioned maintenance or update operation can be performed again via the control of the security update mode activation unit 46, or the general startup procedure can be directly performed to load the core operating system. It can be seen that, by providing a read-only update module 40 for safely performing data operations, the electronic device 4 fails to successfully complete the firmware even if it encounters a sudden accident during the first update operation. The update can also have the opportunity to perform the update operation again. 'It is not affected by the previous abnormal situation. This ensures that the hardware of the electronic device 4 can smoothly work with the firmware stably. In addition, since it provides security, there is The guaranteed firmware update method can therefore eliminate the practice of storing backups in the memory space, saving the memory space needed to back up the lean material to perform other operations. Spring, there are still other factors on the right. In the above-mentioned implementation description, the method of how to back up the firmware data is also disclosed. In addition, since the update interface is a graphical user interface, the content provided on the interface can be intuitively used. Diagrams, graphics, functions according to knowledge Table 17 201005645 No, it is very beneficial for users to understand the work items to be processed, so that the original The difficult Yang body data update operation can be easily accomplished even by users who do not have professional knowledge. In summary, the electronic device firmware update method and system provided by the present invention can make the electronic device tough The convenience of the body update is improved, the cost and time for the installation of the device are reduced, and even the manufacturing cost of the device hardware device can be reduced, regardless of the user or the manufacturer's point of view, φ = item weight The technical progress is well protected, but the items or procedures listed in the foregoing embodiments are only applicable to the application of the present invention, and the above is not intended to limit the application and protection of the present invention. It is still within the scope of the protection covered by the present invention if there are other modifications that are made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention and without substantially altering the technical means of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of an electronic device firmware update method according to the present invention; FIG. 1 is a flow chart of entering a security update mode in another embodiment of the electronic device firmware update method of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a flow chart showing a firmware update in an embodiment of another electronic device firmware update method according to the present invention; and a fourth block diagram showing an embodiment of an electronic device firmware update system according to the present invention. [Main component symbol description] S101~S107 process step 18 201005645 S201~S209 process step S211~S225 process step 4 electronic device 40 update module 400 network module 402 processing module 42 firmware memory unit 44 internal memory unit 46 security Update mode activation unit 5 client device 50 backup storage unit 52 data storage unit 19

Claims (1)

201005645 十、申請專利範圍: 1.種電子裝i㈣更財法,該電子襄置具備網路連線功 能’包括下列步驟: 啟動時,判斷是否需要進入一安全更新模式; 若進入該安全更新模式,則在該安全模式下啟動該電子 #裝置之網路服務功能,包括開始偵聽一連接請求; 若偵聽到料接請求,贼立網料線並接收更新該電 ❹ ❿ 子裝置之韌體資料的一操作維護指令;及 根據該操作維令,_電子裝置進行更蹄體資料 之作業。 1申請專利範圍第i項所述之電子裝置_更新方法,盆 中,判斷是否需要進入該安全更新模式 括 下列步驟: 少哪r旯巴括 债測是否存在進入該安全更新模式之-啟動命令; ::::存在,則執行進入該安全更新模式之步驟; 存在,則判斷該電子裝置前次啟動後是否正 若動r常_’一該安 關閉,行直接載入該 3.如申請專利範圍第 中,進入該安全更新二體更新方法,其 全更新桓^ 贿式 動命令,係射旨示進入安 更新棋式之一按鍵被觸發時發出。 201005645 4.1申明專?範圍第1項所述之電子裝置韌體更新方法,其 ’判斷疋否需要進人該安全更新模式的步驟後,更包括 下述步驟: ^進入4*全更新模式,則直接載人_核心作業系統。 5· Γ j利範圍第1項所述之電子裝置勃體更新方法,其 进、:亥操作維5董指令包括:更新該電子裝置之勒體資料、 伤》亥電子裝置之韌體資料,或重新啟動該電子裝置。 ❹6.^請專利範圍第5項所述之電子裝錄體更新方法,其 根據„亥操作維護指令,對該電子裝置進行更新餘體資 厂之作業的步驟中’更包括下列步驟: ,該操作轉指令為更新該電子裝置之fe;體資料; 從向4電子裝置發出操作維護指令的I置讀取用以更新 的一新韌體資料;及 載入該新勤體資料至記餘體資料之一物體記憶單元, 取代原有之韌體資料。 ❹7.如申請專利範圍第5項所述之電子裝置㈣更新方法,其 中,根據該操作維護指令,對該電子裝置進行更新動體資 料之作業的步驟中’更包括下列步驟: 若該操作維護指令為備份該電子裝置之韌體資料; 讀取並複製存放於一韌體記憶單元之韌體資料;及 傳送被複製之韌體資料至向該電子裝置發出操作維護指 令的裝置儲存。 8.如申請專利範圍第5項所述之電子裝置韌體更新方法,其 中,根據該操作維護指令,對該電子裝置進行更新韌體資 21 201005645 料之作業的步驟中,更包括下述步驟: 若該操作維護指令為重新啟動該電子裝置;及 重新啟動該電子I置。 9·如申請專利範圍第2項所述之電子裝置械更新方法 中,該電子裝置前次啟動後未正常關閉,因此進入該安乂 更新模式之步驟後,更包括下述步驟: X王 清除該電子t置前讀動後未正常關閉之記錄。 ο·:申^專鄕㈣丨或9項所狀電子裝置減更新方 驟:,其中’進入該安全更新模式之步驟後,更包括下述步 模 以提示燈號或提示音提示該電子裝置已進入安全更新 式之狀態。 到㈣子裝置_ 估爾I 該操作維令係透顧電子裝置發送給 者之圖形使用者界面之更新選項發出。 2·-種/子冑置㈣更新純,包括: 早刃體記憶單元,係用於記憶該電子裝置之動體資料.; 及 更新模組’其令所記錄之資訊係不可更改之唯讀資 訊’包括: 一網路模組,提供該電子裝置之網路服務功能,包括 偵連接睛求’並於接受該連接請求後建立網路 連線,接收一操作維護指令;及 處理模組’根據該操作維護指令,對該韌體記憶單 22 201005645 70中之動體資料進行相應之處理。 13. 如申凊專,懷圍第12項所述之電子裝餘體更新系統, 其»亥操作維護指令包括:更新該電子裝置之勒體資料、 裝置之㈣資料’或重新啟動該電子裝置。 14. 如申睛專利範圍第13項所述之電子裝置㈣更新, 其中更包括: ❹ ❹ 内:卩°己憶單元,若該操作維護指令為更新該電子裝置 :早體 > 料,接收用以更新該電子褒置之一新動體資 該處理模組自該㈣記憶單元讀取該新勃體資 料並載入至該勒體記憶單元取代原有之物體資料。 15^申請專利範圍$ 13項所述之電子裝置㈣更新系統, ::’右_作維護指令為備份該電子裝置之物體資料, °亥处理模組自該韋刀體記憶單元讀取及複製勃體資料,並通 組傳送被複製之滅資料至—發出操作維護指 7的用戶端《置之—備份儲存單元儲存。 16=η利範㈣12項所述之電子裝置㈣更新系統, 文全更新模式啟動單元,發出-啟動命令至該網路模 組’通知該網路模組啟動網路連線功能,並以提^ 號或提示音進行提示。 H请=範圍第16項所述之電子裝置_更新系統, /、 U女全更新模式啟動單元係為一按鍵。 18·Γφ申晴^1範㈣16項所述之電子裝置㈣更新系統, ,、 文王更新模式啟動單元係於偵測到該電子裳置前 23 201005645 次為不正常關閉之記錄時,發出該啟動命令。 19. 如申請專利範圍第18項所述之電子裝置韌體更新系統, 其中’該安全更新模式啟動單元發出該啟動命令後,清除 遺電子裝置前次為不正常關閉之記錄。 20. 如申請專利範圍第12項所述之電子裝置韌體更新系統, 其中’該網路模組更傳送一更新介面給發出操作維護指令 的用戶端装置,該更新介面係為一圖形使用者介面。 21. 如申請專利範圍第20項所述之電子裝置韌體更新系統, 其中’該操作維護指令係根據該圖形使用者介面之更新項 目發出。 22·如申請專利範圍第12項所述之電子裝置韌體更新系統, 其中’該電子裝置係為一嵌入式系統裝置。 24201005645 X. Patent application scope: 1. Electronic equipment i (four) more financial method, the electronic device has network connection function 'including the following steps: When starting, determine whether it needs to enter a security update mode; if entering the security update mode In the security mode, the network service function of the electronic device is activated, including starting to listen for a connection request; if the connection request is detected, the thief establishes a network cable and receives the firmware of the electronic device. An operation and maintenance instruction of the data; and according to the operation and maintenance, the electronic device performs the operation of the hoof body data. 1 claiming the electronic device_update method described in item i of the patent scope, in the basin, determining whether it is necessary to enter the security update mode comprises the following steps: How to reduce the presence or absence of entering the security update mode - start command ; :::: exists, the step of entering the security update mode is performed; if there is, it is determined whether the electronic device is moving immediately after the previous startup, and then the line is directly loaded. 3. In the scope of the patent, the safety update two-body update method is entered, and the full update 桓^ bribe-style command is issued when the button of the entry is triggered. 201005645 4.1 Declared specifically? The method for updating the firmware of the electronic device described in the first item, after the step of determining whether the user needs to enter the security update mode, further includes the following steps: ^ Entering the 4* full update mode, directly carrying the person_core working system. 5. The method for updating the electronic device described in item 1 of the scope of the invention is as follows: the instruction to update the electronic device, the firmware information of the electronic device, and the firmware information of the electronic device. Or restart the electronic device. ❹6. The method for updating the electronic recording body described in claim 5 of the patent scope, wherein the step of updating the operation of the electronic device to the electronic device according to the "Hai operation and maintenance instruction" further includes the following steps: The operation instruction is to update the electronic device; to read the new firmware data for updating from the I device that issues the operation and maintenance instruction to the 4 electronic device; and load the new service data to the memory body An object memory unit, which replaces the original firmware data. ❹ 7. The electronic device (4) updating method according to claim 5, wherein the electronic device is updated according to the operation and maintenance instruction The step of the operation further includes the following steps: if the operation and maintenance instruction is to back up the firmware data of the electronic device; reading and copying the firmware data stored in a firmware memory unit; and transmitting the copied firmware data The device for issuing an operation and maintenance instruction to the electronic device. The electronic device firmware updating method according to claim 5, wherein, according to the operation The step of updating the firmware of the electronic device 21 201005645 includes the following steps: if the operation and maintenance instruction is to restart the electronic device; and restarting the electronic I. 9· In the method for updating an electronic device according to claim 2, the electronic device is not normally shut down after the previous startup, and therefore, after the step of entering the installation update mode, the method further includes the following steps: X King clears the electronic t The record that has not been closed normally after reading the previous reading. ο·: The application of the special (4) 丨 or 9 items of the electronic device minus update step:, where 'after entering the security update mode, the following step mode is further included The electronic device has entered the state of security update with a prompt light or a prompt tone. To (4) Child Device _ Estimated I This operation command is issued through the update option of the graphical user interface sent by the electronic device. ·- species/sub-device (4) update pure, including: Early blade memory unit, used to memorize the dynamic data of the electronic device; and update module 'the information recorded by the module The read-only information that can be changed includes: a network module that provides network service functions of the electronic device, including a connection connection request, and establishes a network connection after receiving the connection request, and receives an operation and maintenance instruction; And the processing module 'according to the operation and maintenance instruction, the moving body data in the firmware memory sheet 22 201005645 70 is correspondingly processed. 13. If the application is finished, the electronic housing update described in item 12 of Huaiwei is updated. The system, the operation instruction of the hai operation includes: updating the electronic data of the electronic device, the (4) data of the device, or restarting the electronic device. 14. The electronic device (4) according to claim 13 of the claim patent, wherein The method further includes: ❹ ❹: 卩° recall unit, if the operation and maintenance instruction is to update the electronic device: early body>, receiving a new mobile device for updating the electronic device (4) The memory unit reads the new Bodhisattva data and loads it into the Leh memory unit to replace the original object data. 15^Apply for the electronic device (4) update system described in the patent scope, the following: :: 'Right_ maintenance instruction is to back up the object data of the electronic device, and the ° Hai processing module reads and copies from the Wei knife memory unit. The Boss data, and the group transmits the copied data to the user terminal of the operation and maintenance finger 7 "set it - backup storage unit storage. 16=η利范(4) The electronic device (4) update system described in item 12, the full update mode startup unit, the issue-start command to the network module 'notifies the network module to initiate the network connection function, and to raise A number or a tone prompts. H Please = the electronic device _ update system described in item 16 of the scope, /, U female full update mode start unit is a button. 18·Γφ申晴^1范(4) The electronic device (4) update system described in item 16, the Wenwang update mode start unit is issued when the record of the abnormal shutdown is detected before the detection of the electronic flashing 23 201005645 times. command. 19. The electronic device firmware update system of claim 18, wherein after the security update mode activation unit issues the startup command, the previous electronic device is cleared for a record of abnormal shutdown. 20. The electronic device firmware update system according to claim 12, wherein the network module further transmits an update interface to the client device that issues an operation and maintenance command, and the update interface is a graphical user. interface. 21. The electronic device firmware update system of claim 20, wherein the operation and maintenance instruction is issued according to an update item of the graphical user interface. The electronic device firmware update system of claim 12, wherein the electronic device is an embedded system device. twenty four
TW97128290A 2008-07-25 2008-07-25 Method and system for updating electronic devices firmware TW201005645A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI407371B (en) * 2010-06-07 2013-09-01 Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd Embedded networking device and firmware updating method
TWI723477B (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-04-01 宜鼎國際股份有限公司 Electronic apparatus, system and method capable of remotely maintaining the operation of electronic apparatus
TWI733157B (en) * 2019-01-18 2021-07-11 合肥杰發科技有限公司 Method and system for accelerating startup embedded system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI407371B (en) * 2010-06-07 2013-09-01 Hon Hai Prec Ind Co Ltd Embedded networking device and firmware updating method
TWI733157B (en) * 2019-01-18 2021-07-11 合肥杰發科技有限公司 Method and system for accelerating startup embedded system
TWI723477B (en) * 2019-07-25 2021-04-01 宜鼎國際股份有限公司 Electronic apparatus, system and method capable of remotely maintaining the operation of electronic apparatus
US11385971B2 (en) 2019-07-25 2022-07-12 Innodisk Corporation Electronic apparatus, system and method capable of remotely maintaining the operation of electronic apparatus

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