200948634 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關一種電動機車電能回充控制器，其兼具可充 份將馬達之機械能轉換為電能、具有雙工充電模式提高充電效 率，以及兼具定電壓與限電流之充電保護電路可對電池穩定充 電等優點及功效。 【先前技術】 參 參閱第九及第十圖，習用之電動機車充電裝置(例如中華 民睛型專利第M282859號之電動機車之充電裝置，且元件名 稱與編號概以本說明書為準），主要係利用電動機車6〇上設置 之電池組61啟動馬達輸出動力以傳動輪轴62 ;使電動機車6〇 行進；其特徵係在於： 該電動機車60上設有與電池組61電性連接之發電機72; 該發電機72係以傳動組71受輪轴62傳動；而輪軸犯與發電 # 機72間設控制器73 ;其可設定輪軸62於到達預定轉速時即 啟動發電機72運轉而發電，並藉充電迴路74變壓整流後輸出 至電池組61以充電。 但習用裝置之設計，係在輪轴62轉動達到預定轉速時’ 才啟動發電機發電72，若未達預定轉速，但電池組Μ已需充 電，則無法進行充電。 另卜右該電池組61處於飽和狀態，而轉輛仍因達到 預疋轉速(㈣在下坡）峨祕賴72發電，料能造成電 5 200948634 池組61充電過度而損毁，最重要的，是並未參考駕駛者操作 狀態及電動機+之即時行*狀態’無法在最佳時機以最佳之充 電模式對電池組61進行充電，這些缺失皆造成電能浪費。 因此’有必要開發出新技術以解決上述缺點。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的，在於提供—種絲機車電能回充控制 器，其可充份將馬達之機械能轉換為電能。 。本發明之次要目的，在於提供一種電動機車電能回充控制 器，其具有雙工充電模式提高充電效率。 本發月之再目的’在於提供—種電動機車電能回充控制 器’其兼具定電壓與限電流之充電保護電路可對電池穩定充 電。 本發明係提供_種電動機車電能喊控，其包括： -充電控制單元，係設—微處理器，其用以接受並判讀一 外部信號，根據料部錢控綱達對·充電；該外部信號 至少包括由馬達產生的—回充電屋㈤及—馬達轉速、由電 池產生的—電池電壓⑽）、由電動機車產生的-煞車命令以及 一油門命令； 、一電池回充_單元，當該關命令小於奴值，且馬達 轉速大於a疋值並產生回充電雜a)，使該電池回充驅動單元 上之預疋下臂10路導通’執行—縣單元下臂迴路充電模式對 該電池充電； 200948634 一電能洩放裝置，係當該油門命令小於設定值及該馬達轉 速大於設定值，且該電池充電飽和，則該充電控制單元執行一 電磁煞車模式，並根據煞車命令之有與無，分別對應快速與緩 慢之速度，將馬達產生之回充電壓（Ea)洩放至該電能洩放裝 置；其特徵係在於： 該充電控制單元又包括一升壓控制器；當該回充電壓(Ea) 小於該電池電壓(Eb)，該充電控制單元透過該升壓控制器進行 一升壓充電模式以對該電池充電； 藉此，使該充電控制單元根據該外部信號之變化，自動選 擇執行該驅動單元下臂迴路充電模式、該升壓充電模式、該電 磁煞車模式其中之一充電模式。 本發明之上述目的與優點，不難從下述所選用實施例之詳 細說明與附圖中，獲得深入瞭解。 茲以下列實施例並配合圖式詳細說明本發明於後： 【實施方式】 本發明係為一種電動機車電能回充控制器，參閱第一及第 二圖’其包括： 一充電控制單元10，係設一微處理器11，其用以接受並 判讀一外部信號10A，根據該外部信號10A將一馬達91之機 械能充份轉換整流為直流電並回充至一電池92 ;該外部信號 10A至少包括由該馬達91產生的一回充電壓(Ea)101及一馬達 轉速（簡稱speed)105、由該電池92產生的一電池電壓 200948634 (Eb)102、由電動機車產生的一煞車命令（簡稱break)i〇3以及 一油門命令（簡稱speed crl) 104 ; 一電池回充驅動單元20，當該油門命令i〇4小於設定值， 該馬達91之馬達轉速1〇5大於設定值並產生回充電壓 (Ea)101，使該電池回充驅動單元2〇上之預定下臂迴路（參閱 第三A、第三B、第三C、第三D、第三E、第三F及第四圖） 導通，執行一下臂迴路充電模式12對該電池92充電； 一電能洩放裝置41，係當該油門命令1〇4小於設定值及 該馬達轉速105大於設定值，且該電池92充電飽和，則該充 電控制單元10根據該煞車命令103之有與無，分別對應快速 與緩慢之速度，將該馬達91產生的三相感應電動勢轉換為直 流之回充電壓（Ea)101洩放至該電能洩放裝置4卜以執行一電 磁煞車模式14 ;其特徵係在於： 該充電控制單元1〇又包括一升壓控制器31 ;當該回充電 壓（Ea)101小於該電池電壓1〇2(Eb)，該充電控制單元1〇透過 該升壓控彻31進行—升壓充電模式13以對該電池92充電； 藉此’使該充電控制單元10根據該外部信號10A之變化， 自動選擇執行翻動單元下臂迴路充電赋12、該升屋充電 模式13、該電磁煞車模式14其中之一充電模式。 實務上’該外部信號撤又包括：-充電電流1〇6(簡稱 current)及一電池溫度 1〇7(τ)。 200948634 該微處理器11產生之脈波寬度調變（Pulse Width Modulation ’簡稱剛)信號，一則可控制該電_充_單 元20之轉晶體下臂迴路與該電池92構成迴路(參閱第三a、 ' 帛"*B、第三C、第三D、第三E、第三F及第四圖），使該馬 . 達91成為發電機；馬達91所產生之三域應電動勢，係 經由該電池回充驅動單元2G整流及濾波而形成直流之回充電 〇 壓（Ea)101，並回充至該電池92 ;此為驅動單元下臂迴路充電 模式12。 一則可用以控制方波訊號之責任週期；並可接收霍爾 (hall)信號(可配合設置馬達速度細電路)以侧該馬達9】 之轉子位置訊號而推算子線圈最佳輸出位置；並使用職邏 輯閘轉換成該馬達轉速1〇5 ;另外，該充電控制單元並設 置電魏轉器將該馬達91之回充電壓(Ea)1〇1與電池電壓 β (Eb)l〇2㈣群健輸人雜處理_ u，關_行驅動單 元下臂迴路充電模式12或執行升壓充電模式13。 該電池回充驅動單it 20基本上包括驅動晶體(該下臂迴 路係位於該驅動晶體上）、電流感測器、定電壓控制器、電流 保護電路；且該鶴晶體轉咖、順序及紐倾位準係受 該充電控制單元10之微處理器n控制。於本實例中，該電池 回充驅動單元20係為金屬氧化層半導體場效電晶體 (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor > 200948634 稱M0SFET)驅動器。 配合該馬達91又設置一電磁開關911及一電動機車控制 器912 ;該電磁開關911係用以啟動或關閉馬達91產生電能 以供應該電池回充驅動單元20 ;該電動機車控制器912至少 用以將該電池92之直流電轉換為三相交流電而提供該馬達91 運轉所需動力。 本發明之電動機車電能回充控制器又包括： 一整流部21，係具有以下的電子元件組合型態： [1] 第一種電子元件組合型態包括：一個三相整流器、一 電容器及一繼電器，前述元件係位於該電池回充驅動單元2〇 内，並用以在該充電控制單元10控制下，將該馬達91產生之 三相感應電動勢轉換為直流的回充電壓（Ea)1〇1而回充至該電 池92。 [2] 第二種電子元件組合型態包括：一個二極體、一電容 器及一作為切換開關之驅動晶體，前述元件係位於該電池回充 驅動單元2〇内，該驅動晶體受控於該微處理器η，並用以將 該馬達91產生之三相感應電動勢轉換為直流的回充電壓 (Ea)101而回充至該電池92。 -升壓控制單元30，係包括該升壓控制器31(b〇〇ster inverter)及一磁滯電路32(公知技術，恕不贅述）；該升壓控 制器31係為升壓ic(參閱第八圖）。 200948634 一煞車控制單元40，其内部具有該電能洩放裝置41及一 整流器42，該電能洩放裝置41係為功率電阻；當該油門命令 104小於設定值及該馬達轉速1〇5大於設定值；且該電池兕 • 充電飽和，則該微處理器11經一第三開關53切換至該電磁煞 • 車楔式14 ’並根據該煞車命令⑽之有與無，分別對應快速 與緩慢之速度，將該馬達91產生的三相感應電動勢經該整流 ❹ 1 42轉換為直流狀態之回充電壓(Ea)101茂放至該電能_ 裝置41，舉例來講，當有煞車命令丨〇3，該微處理器I〗控制 該第三開關53之導通週期(Ton)較寬(如五A圖所示），則該馬 達91產生之回充電壓（Ea)1〇1洩放至該電能洩放裝置{I的 能量為大。當無煞車命令103，該微處理器u控制該第三開 關53之導通週期(Ton)較窄（如五B圖所示），該馬達91產生 之電能洩放至該電能洩放裝置41的能量為小。 ® 一第—開關51，係用以供該充電控制單元10切換至該驅 動單元下臂迴路充電模式12。 —第二開關52，係用以供該充電控制單元1〇切換至該升 壓充電模式13〇 乂 為提昇該電池92之充電效率，其充電電路的設計至少可 有以下兩種實施例： 〇 [1]定電壓電路92Β(如第六圖所示），係至少設有一比較 ° 21及一電壓調節Κ922 ’當該微處理器η判斷該電池電 11 200948634 壓（Eb)102>定電壓參考值（yc)，則切換到該定電壓電路 92B(亦即切換到定電壓（c.V.)充電模式），經由該比較器921 比較後’驅動該電壓調節IC922(例如為穩壓器，英文為 regulator)進行定電壓充電。 [2]限電流電路92A(如第七圖所示），係至少設有一偵測 電阻923與一放大器924。如該充電電流1〇6大於設定值，則 啟動該微處理器11輸出脈波寬度調變信號；控制該信號導通 週期（Ton)變小，使該電池回充驅動單元2〇導通之電流下降， 達到在充電初期以限電流穩定充電之目的，以保護電池92。 本發明之實際運作過程係如下所述： 首先’如第二圖所示，該充電控制單元10會先偵測並判 讀該外部信號10A，其包括：回充電壓（Ea)101、該電池電壓 (Eb)102、該煞車命令103、該油門命令104、該馬達轉速1〇5、 該充電電流106及該電池溫度(τ)1〇7等。 再由該微處理器11配合下表一（充電動作判斷邏輯，代表 電動機車駕駛者的操控狀態）之各狀況判斷是否對該電池92 進行充電。 12 200948634 (表一） 項目 狀況1 狀況2 狀況3 狀況4 控制 狀態且 不進行充電 ~—~-_ 如電―動機車為行進狀態^進行充電動作 禁致油門信號，不進行充電 右判斷為不充電’則本發明不進行任何動作 若判斷為「進行充電」，職相關充電裝置請配合第_、第二 圖及下表二（細_斷賴，絲電職車之行進狀離）， 而選擇以符合條件之充賴式對該電池92進行充電。 (表二） 項 目 Έ 況 條件 況 狀 況200948634 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to an electric motor vehicle electric energy recharging controller which can fully convert mechanical energy of a motor into electric energy and has a duplex charging mode to improve charging efficiency. And the charging protection circuit with constant voltage and current limit can stabilize the battery and other advantages and effects. [Prior Art] Refer to the ninth and tenth drawings, the conventional electric motor vehicle charging device (for example, the charging device of the electric motor vehicle of the Chinese National Patent No. M282859, and the component names and numbers are subject to the present specification), mainly The battery unit 61 provided on the motor vehicle 6 is used to start the motor output power to drive the axle 62; the electric motor vehicle 6 is driven; and the motor vehicle 60 is provided with the electrical connection with the battery pack 61. The motor 72 is driven by the axle 62 by the transmission group 71; and the controller 73 is provided between the axle and the generator 72; the axle 72 can be set to start the generator 72 to generate electricity when the predetermined speed is reached. And by the charging circuit 74, the voltage is rectified and outputted to the battery pack 61 for charging. However, the conventional device is designed to start the generator power generation 72 when the axle 62 is rotated to a predetermined rotational speed. If the predetermined rotational speed is not reached, but the battery pack Μ has to be charged, charging cannot be performed. In addition, the battery pack 61 is in a saturated state, and the regenerative vehicle still reaches the pre-twisting speed ((4) in the downhill slope). The material can cause electricity 5 200948634 The pool group 61 is overcharged and destroyed, and most importantly, The battery pack 61 is not charged with the best charging mode at the optimum timing without referring to the driver's operating state and the motor*'s instant line* state. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new technologies to solve the above disadvantages. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A primary object of the present invention is to provide a seeding locomotive electrical energy recharging controller that can fully convert mechanical energy of a motor into electrical energy. . A secondary object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor vehicle power recharging controller having a duplex charging mode to improve charging efficiency. The re-purpose of this month is to provide a motor vehicle electric energy recharging controller, which has a constant voltage and current limiting charging protection circuit to stably charge the battery. The invention provides an electric motor vehicle power control, which comprises: - a charging control unit, a microprocessor - for receiving and interpreting an external signal, and charging according to the money control unit; The signal includes at least a motor-generated back-to-charge house (5) and - motor speed, battery-generated battery voltage (10), a brake command generated by the electric motor vehicle, and a throttle command; a battery recharge unit, when The off command is less than the slave value, and the motor speed is greater than a疋 value and generates a recharge charge a), so that the battery is recharged on the drive unit and the pre-armed lower arm 10 is turned on 'execution—the county unit lower arm loop charging mode is for the battery Charging; 200948634 A power bleed device, when the throttle command is less than the set value and the motor speed is greater than the set value, and the battery is fully charged, the charging control unit executes an electromagnetic brake mode, and according to the presence or absence of the brake command Corresponding to the fast and slow speed, respectively, discharging the regenerative charging pressure (Ea) generated by the motor to the electric energy discharge device; the characteristic is: the charging control unit Included as a boost controller; when the chargeback voltage (Ea) is less than the battery voltage (Eb), the charge control unit performs a boost charge mode through the boost controller to charge the battery; thereby The charging control unit automatically selects one of the driving unit lower arm loop charging mode, the boost charging mode, and the electromagnetic braking mode according to the change of the external signal. The above objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments illustrated herein. The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings: [Embodiment] The present invention relates to an electric motor vehicle electric energy recharging controller, which is referred to the first and second figures, which includes: a charging control unit 10, A microprocessor 11 is provided for receiving and interpreting an external signal 10A, and the mechanical energy of a motor 91 is fully converted and converted to a direct current according to the external signal 10A and recharged to a battery 92; the external signal 10A is at least The utility model comprises a charging pressure (Ea) 101 generated by the motor 91 and a motor speed (abbreviated as speed) 105, a battery voltage 200948634 (Eb) 102 generated by the battery 92, and a braking command generated by the electric motor vehicle (abbreviation) Break) i 〇 3 and a throttle command (referred to as speed crl) 104; a battery recharge drive unit 20, when the throttle command i 〇 4 is less than the set value, the motor 91 motor speed 1 〇 5 is greater than the set value and generated back The charging pressure (Ea) 101 causes the battery to be recharged to the predetermined lower arm circuit on the driving unit 2 (refer to the third A, third B, third C, third D, third E, third F, and fourth Figure) Turn on, perform the arm loop charging The battery 92 is charged; a power bleeder 41, when the throttle command 1 〇 4 is less than the set value and the motor speed 105 is greater than the set value, and the battery 92 is charged saturating, the charging control unit 10 The presence or absence of the brake command 103 respectively corresponds to a fast and slow speed, and the three-phase induced electromotive force generated by the motor 91 is converted into a DC return charging pressure (Ea) 101 discharged to the electric energy discharge device 4 to perform a The electromagnetic brake mode 14 is characterized in that: the charge control unit 1 further includes a boost controller 31; when the chargeback voltage (Ea) 101 is smaller than the battery voltage 1〇2 (Eb), the charge control unit 1 The boost control mode 13 is used to charge the battery 92 through the boost control 31; thereby causing the charging control unit 10 to automatically select and execute the flipping unit lower arm circuit charging according to the change of the external signal 10A. The lift mode 13 and the electromagnetic brake mode 14 are one of the charging modes. In practice, the external signal withdrawal includes: - a charging current of 1 〇 6 (referred to as current) and a battery temperature of 1 〇 7 (τ). 200948634 The pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulation) signal generated by the microprocessor 11 can control the rotating lower arm circuit of the electric charging unit 20 and the battery 92 to form a loop (refer to the third a , ' 帛 " * B, third C, third D, third E, third F and fourth figure), so that the horse. 91 becomes the generator; the three fields generated by the motor 91 should be the electromotive force, The DC back-charge charging voltage (Ea) 101 is rectified and filtered by the battery recharging drive unit 2G, and is recharged to the battery 92; this is the driving unit lower arm circuit charging mode 12. One can be used to control the duty cycle of the square wave signal; and can receive a hall signal (which can be matched with the motor speed fine circuit) to estimate the optimal output position of the sub coil by using the rotor position signal of the motor 9]; The job logic gate is converted into the motor speed 1〇5; in addition, the charging control unit is provided with an electric relay to restore the motor 91 back pressure (Ea)1〇1 and the battery voltage β(Eb)l〇2(4) The input miscellaneous processing _ u, off _ row drive unit lower arm loop charging mode 12 or perform boost charging mode 13. The battery recharging drive unit itself 20 basically comprises a driving crystal (the lower arm circuit is located on the driving crystal), a current sensor, a constant voltage controller, a current protection circuit; and the crane crystal transfer coffee, sequence and New Zealand The tilt level is controlled by the microprocessor n of the charge control unit 10. In the present example, the battery refill driving unit 20 is a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor > 200948634 called MOSFET) driver. In conjunction with the motor 91, an electromagnetic switch 911 and an electric motor vehicle controller 912 are provided; the electromagnetic switch 911 is used to activate or deactivate the motor 91 to generate electric energy to supply the battery recharging drive unit 20; the electric motor vehicle controller 912 is used at least The power required to operate the motor 91 is provided by converting the direct current of the battery 92 into three-phase alternating current. The electric motor vehicle electric energy recharging controller of the present invention further comprises: a rectifying portion 21 having the following electronic component combination types: [1] The first electronic component combination type includes: a three-phase rectifier, a capacitor and a a relay, the component is located in the battery recharging drive unit 2, and is used to convert the three-phase induced electromotive force generated by the motor 91 into a DC recharge voltage (Ea)1〇1 under the control of the charging control unit 10. And back to the battery 92. [2] The second electronic component combination type includes: a diode, a capacitor, and a driving crystal as a switching switch, wherein the component is located in the battery recharging driving unit 2, and the driving crystal is controlled by the The microprocessor η is used to convert the three-phase induced electromotive force generated by the motor 91 into a DC back-charge voltage (Ea) 101 to be recharged to the battery 92. The boost control unit 30 includes the boost controller 31 and a hysteresis circuit 32 (known in the art, and will not be described); the boost controller 31 is boost ic (see Figure 8). 200948634 A brake control unit 40 having the power bleeder 41 and a rectifier 42 therein, the power bleeder 41 being a power resistor; when the throttle command 104 is less than a set value and the motor speed 1 〇 5 is greater than a set value And the battery 兕• is fully charged, the microprocessor 11 is switched to the electromagnetic 煞•car wedge type 14′ via a third switch 53 and corresponds to the fast and slow speed according to the presence or absence of the brake command (10). And returning the three-phase induced electromotive force generated by the motor 91 to the DC state by the rectification ❹ 1 42 and discharging it to the electric energy_device 41, for example, when there is a brake command 丨〇3, The microprocessor I controls the conduction period (Ton) of the third switch 53 to be wide (as shown in FIG. 5A), and the return voltage (Ea)1〇1 generated by the motor 91 is discharged to the power leakage. The energy of the device {I is large. When there is no brake command 103, the microprocessor u controls the conduction period (Ton) of the third switch 53 to be narrow (as shown in FIG. 5B), and the electric energy generated by the motor 91 is discharged to the power discharge device 41. The energy is small. A first switch 51 is provided for the charging control unit 10 to switch to the drive unit lower arm loop charging mode 12. The second switch 52 is configured to switch the charging control unit 1 to the boost charging mode 13 to improve the charging efficiency of the battery 92. The charging circuit is designed to have at least two embodiments: [1] The constant voltage circuit 92Β (as shown in the sixth figure) is provided with at least a comparison 21 and a voltage regulation Κ 922 'When the microprocessor η determines the battery power 11 200948634 pressure (Eb) 102 > constant voltage reference The value (yc) is switched to the constant voltage circuit 92B (that is, switched to the constant voltage (cV) charging mode), and after the comparator 921 is compared, the voltage regulating IC 922 is driven (for example, a voltage regulator, English is a regulator) ) Perform constant voltage charging. [2] The current limiting circuit 92A (shown in Figure 7) is provided with at least one detecting resistor 923 and an amplifier 924. If the charging current 1〇6 is greater than the set value, the microprocessor 11 is started to output a pulse width modulation signal; controlling the signal conduction period (Ton) to become smaller, so that the current of the battery recharging driving unit 2 is reduced. The battery 92 is protected for the purpose of stable charging at a limited current during the initial charging period. The actual operation process of the present invention is as follows: First, as shown in the second figure, the charging control unit 10 first detects and interprets the external signal 10A, which includes: a charging voltage (Ea) 101, the battery voltage. (Eb) 102, the brake command 103, the throttle command 104, the motor rotation speed 〇5, the charging current 106, and the battery temperature (τ) 1〇7. Further, the microprocessor 11 judges whether or not to charge the battery 92 in accordance with each of the following conditions (charging operation determination logic, representing the steering state of the driver of the electric motor vehicle). 12 200948634 (Table 1) Project Status 1 Status 2 Status 3 Status 4 Control status and no charging ~—~-_ If the power-motor car is in the traveling state ^The charging action is prohibited and the throttle signal is not activated. "Charging", if the invention does not perform any operation, if it is judged as "charging", the relevant related charging device should cooperate with the first _, the second figure and the second table (fine _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ The battery 92 is selected to be charged in a qualified manner. (Table 2) Item Status Condition Status
Eb>(Ea)+Fre/ 切換 Ea2Eb+r„/2 持續 Atl 以上 :a$(Eb+r„/2)且 Ea>cri 持 _Λ1：2 以 上 m SW2 m V X X X V X X X V 迴 Ff2 電| Μ 單模-λ 採路U 1·>考 升簡 為r 換Is 切式電|不達功磁稱| 控制模式 -> >馬入電簡 電壓將導即4( j 並能亦以、 電電，式壓 尤吩阻模電 -丁 Lw .yL —I 个 , iwj* 方 進產率煞洩 13 200948634 關於表二中之代號說明如下：Eb>(Ea)+Fre/ Switch Ea2Eb+r„/2 Continue Atl above: a$(Eb+r„/2) and Ea>cri Hold _Λ1:2 or more m SW2 m VXXXVXXXV Back to Ff2 Electricity | Μ Single mode -λ mining road U 1·> test rise to r for Is cut electric | non-power magnetic scale | control mode -> > horse input voltage will be 4 (j and can also, electric, Type pressure 尤 阻 模 电 - L L L w w w y y y y y y 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009
Ea :回充電壓（反電動勢）Ea: back charge voltage (back EMF)
Eb :電池電壓 :切入升壓電路的基準電壓 匕/2 :由升壓電路切換下臂迴路直接充電的基準電壓 :切換電能洩放的基準電壓 ❹ 如第二圖所示’係有關本發明如何選擇符合條件之充電模 式： [a] 驅動單元下臂迴路充電模式12(或簡稱一般充電模 式）：當電動機車駕駛者未加油門（油門命令1〇4小於設定值) 電動機車呈滑行狀態，係符合回充電壓(Ea)1〇1g電池電壓 102(假設為12伏特）(Eb)+r„/2(假設為3伏特)持續一第一時間 (△ti)的條件；則執行驅動單元下臂迴路充電模式12。 p 此時該馬達91輸出之電能（交流電）經整流與濾波電路後 成為回充電壓(Ea)l〇l (直流電）；當該微處理器丨丨偵測該電 池電壓(Eb)102低於參考電壓時，則控制脈波寬度調變信號之 輸出方波變寬(如第五A圖所示），如此可補償輸出之電壓，達 到穩定充電之目的；同理，如果負載變輕，則控制脈波寬度調 變信號之輸出方波變短(如第五B圖所示），使直流電壓降低至 標準額定值上。 [b] 升壓充電模< 13(或簡稱升屋充電）：當符合回充電 200948634 壓(Ea)101S電池電壓(E_2(假設為12伏特)化,2(假設為3 伏特）’且回充電壓(EaMOlSi^C假設為5伏特)持續一第二 時間（At2)之條件，代表此時回充電壓(Ea)i〇i雖然低，但是 • 穩定維持在大約5伏特㈣壓值，故，可付進行升壓充 電模式13。 [c]電磁煞車模式14(或簡稱洩放電壓）：當符合電池電 〇 壓(Eb)102(假設為12伏特）>回充電壓l〇l(Ea)+心；且馬達 轉速105大於設定值，則進行電磁煞車模式14。 本發明之優點及功效可歸納如下： [1] 可充份將馬it之频能娜為電能。本㈣設有充電 控制單元，其用以接受並綜合判讀外部信號，達到在電動機車 運行間，«馬達運雜況及駕馱者的操作狀態較對電池的 充電模式，使馬達轉動的機械能可充分轉換為電能，回充到電 〇 動機車之電池上，以增加電動機車的續航力。 [2] 具有雙工充電模式提高充電效率。電動機車在滑行 時，本發明之電細充軸單元⑽體下f迴路會依據 馬達轉子位置而與電池間構成迴路，使馬達成為發電機而進行 =動單元下臂迴路纖式如軸單元由她號 發電量不足，即啟動傾控料元_彳請縣賴式。再备 電池充飽時則將發電量導至煞車控制單元進行電雜車^ 式’除可避免馬達損壞’當私錢車時細t煞車效率。 200948634 Μ 1與限電流之充電保護電路可對電池穩定充 電因回充電壓會隨馬達之轉速變動而有所增減，故充電初期 田電池電壓“電遷參考值時，係以限電流電路進行定電流充 t 1充電至電池電壓〉定電壓參考值，就切換到定電壓電 路’如此不論電池電麼高低，都可保持在穩定的充電狀態，可 提升電池壽命。 ❹ 社僅是11她讀闕詳細卿本㈣，騎該實施例 所做的任何簡單修改與變化，皆不脫離本發明之精神與範圍。 由以上詳細說明，可使熟知本項技藝者明瞭本發明的確可 達成前述目的，實已符合專利法之規定，爰提出發明專利之申 請。Eb: Battery voltage: the reference voltage cut into the booster circuit 匕/2: The reference voltage for direct charging of the lower arm circuit by the booster circuit: switching the reference voltage for the bleeder ❹ as shown in the second figure Select the charging mode that meets the conditions: [a] Drive unit lower arm circuit charging mode 12 (or simply charging mode): When the motor car driver does not add the throttle (throttle command 1〇4 is less than the set value), the motor car is coasting, It is a condition that the recharge voltage (Ea) 1〇1g battery voltage 102 (assumed to be 12 volts) (Eb) + r /2 (assumed to be 3 volts) lasts for a first time (Δti); Lower arm circuit charging mode 12. p At this time, the electric energy (alternating current) outputted by the motor 91 is returned to the charging voltage (Ea) l〇l (direct current) after being rectified and filtered; when the microprocessor detects the battery When the voltage (Eb) 102 is lower than the reference voltage, the output square wave of the control pulse width modulation signal is widened (as shown in FIG. 5A), so that the output voltage can be compensated for the purpose of stable charging; If the load is light, control the pulse wave The output square wave of the modulation signal becomes shorter (as shown in Figure B), so that the DC voltage is reduced to the standard rating. [b] Boost charging mode < 13 (or referred to as the riser charging): when it meets Recharge 200948634 Pressure (Ea) 101S battery voltage (E_2 (assumed to be 12 volts), 2 (assumed to be 3 volts)' and back charge voltage (EaMOlSi^C is assumed to be 5 volts) for a second time (At2) The condition represents that the back charge voltage (Ea) i〇i is low at this time, but • is stably maintained at a voltage of about 5 volts (four), so that the boost charge mode 13 can be paid. [c] Electromagnetic brake mode 14 (or simply Bleak voltage): When the battery voltage (Eb) 102 (assumed to be 12 volts) > charging voltage l〇l (Ea) + heart is met; and the motor speed 105 is greater than the set value, the electromagnetic braking mode 14 is performed. The advantages and effects of the present invention can be summarized as follows: [1] The power frequency of the horse can be fully charged as electric energy. The (4) is provided with a charging control unit for accepting and comprehensively interpreting external signals to achieve the operation of the electric motor vehicle. , «motor miscellaneous conditions and the operating state of the driver are more than the charging mode of the battery, the machine that makes the motor rotate It can be fully converted into electric energy and recharged to the battery of the electric motor car to increase the endurance of the electric motor car. [2] It has a duplex charging mode to improve the charging efficiency. When the electric motor car is coasting, the electric charging shaft of the invention The f-loop under the unit (10) will form a circuit between the battery and the battery according to the position of the motor rotor, so that the motor becomes a generator and the motor is in the lower arm circuit. If the shaft unit is insufficiently generated by the number of the motor, the tilting material element is activated. Please ask the county to rely on. When the battery is fully charged, the power generation will be led to the brake control unit to carry out the electric vehicle ^ type 'in addition to avoid motor damage' when the private money car is fine. 200948634 Μ 1 and current-limited charging protection circuit can stabilize the battery charging. The charging voltage will increase or decrease with the motor speed. Therefore, when the charging battery voltage is “relocated to the reference value, the current-limiting circuit is used. Constant current charge t 1 charge to battery voltage> constant voltage reference value, then switch to constant voltage circuit 'so regardless of battery power level, can maintain a stable state of charge, can improve battery life. ❹ She is only 11 she reads 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 。 It has already complied with the provisions of the Patent Law and has filed an application for an invention patent.
16 200948634 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本發明之系統架構圖 第二圖係本發明之充電過程之流程圖 第三A、第三B、第三C、第三D、第三E及第三F圖係本發明 之各個不同時序之驅動單元下臂迴路充電電路之參考 不意圖 第四圖係本發明之回充電壓時序之示意圖 © 第五A及第五B圖係本發明之脈波寬度調變信號控制長、短導 通週期之波形圖 第六圖係本發明之定電壓電路之參考示意圖 第七圖係本發明之限電流電路之參考示意圖 第八圖係本發明之升壓控制單元之參考電路圖 第九圖係習用裝置之系統方塊圖 第十圖係習用裝置之實施例平面示意圖 ❹ 17 20094863416 200948634 [Simplified illustration of the drawings] The first diagram is a system architecture diagram of the present invention. The second diagram is a flowchart of the charging process of the present invention, the third, third, third, third, third, third, and third The third F diagram is a reference diagram of the driving unit lower arm loop charging circuit of the different timings of the present invention. The fourth diagram is a schematic diagram of the recharging voltage timing of the present invention. The fifth and fifth B diagrams are the pulse of the present invention. Wave width modulation signal control long and short conduction period waveform diagram sixth diagram is a reference diagram of the constant voltage circuit of the present invention. seventh diagram is a reference current diagram of the present invention. The eighth diagram is the boost control of the present invention. Reference circuit diagram of the unit FIG. 9 is a system block diagram of a conventional device. FIG. 10 is a plan view of an embodiment of a conventional device ❹ 17 200948634
【主要元件符號說明】 10充電控制單元 10A外部信號 101回充電壓 102電池電壓 103煞車命令 104油門命令 105馬達轉速 106充電電流 107電池溫度 11微處理器 12驅動單元下臂迴路充電模式 13升壓充電模式 14電磁煞車模式 20電池回充驅動單元 21整流部 30升壓控制單元 31升壓控制器 32磁滯電路 40煞車控制單元 41電能洩放裝置 42整流器 51第一開關 52第二開關 53第三開關 60電動機車 61電池組 62輪轴 71傳動組 72發電機 73控制器 74充電迴路 911電磁開關 92電池 92B定電壓電路 922電壓調節1C 924放大器 91馬達 912電動機車控制器 92A限電流電路 921比較器 923偵測電阻[Main component symbol description] 10 charging control unit 10A external signal 101 back charging voltage 102 battery voltage 103 braking command 104 throttle command 105 motor speed 106 charging current 107 battery temperature 11 microprocessor 12 driving unit lower arm circuit charging mode 13 boost Charging mode 14 electromagnetic brake mode 20 battery recharging drive unit 21 rectification unit 30 boost control unit 31 boost controller 32 hysteresis circuit 40 brake control unit 41 power release device 42 rectifier 51 first switch 52 second switch 53 Three switch 60 electric motor 61 battery pack 62 axle 71 transmission group 72 generator 73 controller 74 charging circuit 911 electromagnetic switch 92 battery 92B constant voltage circuit 922 voltage regulation 1C 924 amplifier 91 motor 912 motor vehicle controller 92A current limiting circuit 921 Comparator 923 detects resistance