200948517 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係為一種用於工具機心軸之改良式鎖定結構， 尤其是有關於一種具有倍力拉刀和省力打刀之改良式鎖定 結構。 【先前技術】 於工具機領域_，對於工作件上施予機械加工的工具 ® 機之心軸前端側部分，係裝設有用來夾持工具的工具夾持 部，該工具是利用工具固定裝置而可固定或解除地被固定 於工具夾持部上。 圖二A至圖二C係為一般夾持刀具之工具機的剖面 圖，由左而右係分別為無刀狀態（圖二A)、打刀狀態（圖 二B)及拉刀狀態（圖二C)，為簡化圖面，係僅於圖二A 標示元件符號。由圖二A至圖二C可知，工具機2之大體 係由活塞20、鎖定機構21、心軸拉桿22與夾具23組合而 Ο 成；鎖定機構21係透過心軸拉桿22與夾具23連接。當由 無刀狀態欲進行拉刀（利用夾具23夾取刀具24)，或由拉 刀狀態欲進行打刀時（使夾具23釋放刀具24)，活塞20 係對鎖定機構21施予一下壓力，克服鎖定機構21中之彈 簧210的彈力，而夾具23亦會被作動以對刀具24進行夾 取或釋放；之後釋放活塞20，彈簧210之彈力便會使整體 組件（鎖定機構21、心軸拉桿22、夾具23)之位置回復。 由上可知，如果鎖定機構21設計的好，則作動活塞20的 力量便可減少，故能達成倍力拉刀及/或省力打刀之目的。 200948517 工件第Γ:16 w露-種用於工具機心軸之 A::、’疋結構3之部分剖面示意圖係如圖彡 所不。该案之鎖定結構3由於铜址&丄 再田於鋼珠37與支撐環35與斜面 Ο Ο 39作用，造肋刀前段行財，細32之⑽較油壓紅 活塞之位移來的大，且切環％之斜面％和解鎖件 33之斜面38間之夾角太小，使得鋼珠37容易卡住。此外， 當拉刀動作接近完成時，塾圈32和支撐環35接觸，且解 鎖件33和塾圈32接觸，造成墊圈32、解鎖件％、爽持環 34、支撑環35與鋼珠36和37 一起移動’使得此裝置沒有 倍力拉刀效果（如欲保持倍力拉刀效果，墊圈^和支撑環 35是必須不能接觸）。由於鋼珠37在支撐環^的斜面％ 為-彎曲面’因此妹刀時，如果科加頌差可能會造 成墊圈32帶動鋼珠37’再帶動支撐環35,再帶動鋼珠36, 直接拉刀，而不是經過解鎖件33帶動鋼珠36，但此時就 無倍力拉刀效果。 緣此，本案之發明人係研究出一種用於工具機心軸之 改良式鎖定結構’其係可克服先前技術之缺點。 【發明内容】 本發明之主要目的係為提供一種用於工具機心軸之改 良式鎖定結構’其係使用兩組鋼珠和兩個錐狀面來控制打 刀和拉刀的力量，故能達成倍力拉刀和省力打刀的之目的。 為達上述目的，本發明係提供一種用於工具機心轴之 改良式鎖定結構，包含： 一套管，係呈中空狀且具有一斜面與一凹處； 7 200948517 一心軸，係位於該套管中且可延該套管進行轴向移 動，該心軸之外側係與套管内壁接觸； 一楔型件，係位於該套管與該心轴間且可延該心軸進 行軸向移動，該楔型件具有延伸出心軸端部之一延伸端， 且該楔型件具有一第一錐狀面與一第二錐狀面； 一彈性體，係套設於心軸上； 一墊圈，係套設於心軸上且位於該彈性體與楔型件之 間；以及 ® 複數個第一自由球體與複數個第二自由球體； 其中，該斜面、心軸端部與第一錐狀面間係形成一第 一容置空間，該套管、第二錐狀面與墊圈間係形成一第二 容置空間；當鎖定時，該楔型件之延伸端未受到外力施壓， 該複數個第一自由球體係位於該第一容置空間並接觸套管 之斜面、心軸端部與第一錐狀面，該複數個第二自由球體 則位於該第二容置空間並接觸套管之内壁、第二錐狀面與 墊圈；而當欲解除時，係以外力施壓於該楔型件之延伸端， ❿ 故楔型件會延心轴進行軸向移動，該楔型件進而依序壓迫 該複數個第二自由球體、墊圈與彈性體，使得該複數個第 一自由球體離開套管之斜面而僅接觸套管内壁與第一錐狀 面；而當外力繼續施壓時，心軸之端部亦被作動而使心軸 進行軸向移動，該複數個第二自由球體便落入凹處而解除 鎖定狀態。 為使貴審查委員對於本發明之結構目的和功效有更 進一步之了解與認同，茲配合圖示詳細說明如後。 8 200948517 【實施方式】 、"月 > 見圖一，該圖係為本發明使用於工具機心軸之改 &式鎖定結構的剖面示意®，由左而右係分別為拉刀（圖 -一 A)/解鎖（圖一 B)及打刀（圖一 c)狀態，為簡化圖 面’係僅於圖一 A標示元件符號。 請參見圖一 A，本發明之鎖定結構1包括套管11、心 軸、楔型件13、彈簧14、墊圈15、複數個自由球體16 及衩數個自由球體17所組成。套管11係呈中空狀且且有 0 一斜f 110與一凹處m;心軸12則位於套管n之中^可 k套苔11進行軸向移動，心軸12之外側則與套管11之内 壁112，觸；楔型件13是設置於套管u與心軸12之間且 亦可延著心軸12進行軸向移動，該楔型件13具有延伸出 心軸12之端部120的一延伸端13〇，且楔型件13具有兩 錐狀面131與132 ;彈簧14則是套設於心軸12上；墊圈 b亦套設於心軸12上且位於楔型件13與彈簧14之間； 其中，斜面110、心軸12之端部122與錐狀面131之間係 形成一容置空間S1 ;套管11、錐狀面132與墊圈15之間 則形成另一容置空間S2。 當鎖定（拉刀）時，楔型件13之延伸端13〇未受到外 力p之施壓，因此彈簧14所提供的力量經由墊圈15和鋼 珠17推動楔型件13，楔型件13之錐狀面131推擠鋼珠w 進入容置空間S1中，因此心軸12是被向上推擠，進而形 成倍力拉刀；故在此狀態下，自由球體16是位於容置空間 si之中並接觸斜面110、端部122與錐狀面131;自由球 體17則位於各置空間S2之中並接觸内壁112、雜狀面132 200948517 與塾圈15。。 當欲解鎖時，係以外力P (例如油壓活塞）施壓於楔 型件13之延伸端130，因此楔型件13會延心軸12進行軸 向移動，該楔型件13進而依序壓迫該自由球體17、墊圈 15與彈簀14，克服彈簧14之伸張力，使得自由球體16沿 著斜面110滑動並離開端部122而僅接觸套管11之内壁與 錐狀面131，此時心軸12係為不受彈簧14之作用，為不 受力狀態，故外力P便可繼續向前推動心軸12而將刀具夾 ❹ 具23鬆開（圖中未示出），如圖一 B所示。 當外力P繼續施壓時（打刀），心轴12之頂端121亦 被外力P作動，故心軸12與楔型件13會一起進行軸向移 動，由於在推落刀具前，刀具夾具23已在鬆脫狀態，當楔 型件13經自由球體17和墊圈15向下推動壓縮彈簧14， 此時自由球體17會落入凹處111，因此楔型彳牛13經由自由 球體17推動墊圈15的位移量變小，即可有效減少壓縮彈 簀14所須之外力，進而達到省力打刀之動作。 ❿ 如此，本發明裝置利用兩組鋼珠和兩個錐形面控制工 具機打刀和拉刀的力量。上面的一組鋼珠、錐形面和楔型 件產生拉刀倍力功能，可減少所須彈簧長度，進而降低心 軸所須長度；下面另一組鋼珠、錐形面和墊圈則產生打刀 省力的功能，使鬆刀時彈箐的壓縮量較少，可降低打刀時 所須的油壓輸出力量，其相較於習知技術係具有新穎性與 進步性，合應獲得專利以使相關產業之從業人員能據以利 用來促進產業發展。 唯以上所述者，僅為本發明之最佳實施態樣爾，當不 200948517 能以之限定本發明所實施之範圍。即大凡依本發明申請專 利範圍所作之均等變化與修飾，皆應仍屬於本發明專利涵 蓋之範圍内，謹請貴審查委員明鑑，並祈惠准，是所至 禱。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖一 A至圖一 C係為本發明用於工具機心軸之改良式 鎖定結構的剖面示意圖； 〇 圖二A至圖二C為一般可夾持刀具之工具機的剖面示 意圖；以及 圖三係為習知技術工具機心轴之工件夾持裝置的部分 剖面示意圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 1 -鎖定結構 2-工具機 ❹ 3 -鎖定結構 11- 套管 12- 心軸 13- 楔型件 14- 彈簧 15- 墊圈 16- 複數個自由球體 17- 複數個自由球體 20-活塞 11 200948517 21- 鎖定機構 22- 心轴拉桿 23- 夾具 24- 刀具 31- 油壓缸活塞 32- 墊圈 33- 解鎖件 3 4 -爽持ί哀 〇 35-支撐環 36- 鋼珠 37- 鋼珠 38- 斜面 39- 斜面 110- 斜面 111- 凹處 112- 内壁 Q 121-頂端 122-端部 130- 延伸端 131- 錐狀面 132- 錐狀面 210-彈簧200948517 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention is an improved locking structure for a machine tool spindle, and more particularly to an improved locking structure having a double force broach and a labor saving knife. [Prior Art] In the field of machine tools, a tool holder for holding a tool is attached to a front end side portion of a mandrel of a tool that is machined on a workpiece, and the tool is a tool fixing device. It can be fixedly or detachably fixed to the tool holding portion. Figure 2A to Figure 2C are cross-sectional views of the machine tool for general clamping tools. The left and right systems are respectively knifeless (Fig. 2A), knife state (Fig. 2B) and broach state (Fig. Second, C), in order to simplify the drawing, the symbol of the component is only indicated in Figure 2A. 2A to 2C, the utility machine 2 is generally formed by a combination of a piston 20, a lock mechanism 21, a spindle pull rod 22 and a clamp 23; and a lock mechanism 21 is coupled to the clamp 23 via a spindle pull rod 22. When the broach is to be performed by the knifeless state (the cutter 24 is gripped by the jig 23), or when the knives are to be subjected to the knives (the cutter 23 is released from the cutter 24), the piston 20 applies a pressure to the lock mechanism 21, Overcoming the spring force of the spring 210 in the locking mechanism 21, the clamp 23 is also actuated to grip or release the cutter 24; after releasing the piston 20, the spring force of the spring 210 causes the integral assembly (the locking mechanism 21, the spindle shaft) 22. The position of the clamp 23) is restored. As can be seen from the above, if the locking mechanism 21 is designed well, the force of the actuating piston 20 can be reduced, so that the purpose of the double broach and/or the labor saving knife can be achieved. 200948517 Workpiece No.: 16 w dew - A section of the A::, '疋 structure 3 section of the tool mandrel is shown in Figure 彡. The locking structure 3 of the case is due to the copper site & 丄 re-field in the steel ball 37 and the support ring 35 and the inclined surface Ο 39, the rib-shaped knives front row, the fine 32 (10) is larger than the hydraulic pressure red piston displacement, Moreover, the angle between the % of the cut ring % and the inclined surface 38 of the unlocking member 33 is too small, so that the steel ball 37 is easily caught. In addition, when the broach action is near completion, the collar 32 and the support ring 35 are in contact, and the unlocking member 33 and the collar 32 are in contact, causing the washer 32, the unlocking member %, the holding ring 34, the support ring 35 and the steel balls 36 and 37. Move together 'to make this device have no double broach effect (if you want to maintain the double broach effect, the washer ^ and the support ring 35 must not touch). Since the steel bead 37 is in the slope of the support ring ^ is a curved surface, so if the difference is in the case of a knife, the difference between the Coca-Cola may cause the washer 32 to drive the steel ball 37' to drive the support ring 35, and then drive the steel ball 36 to directly pull the knife. The steel ball 36 is not driven by the unlocking member 33, but at this time, there is no double force broaching effect. Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention have developed an improved locking structure for a machine tool spindle that overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The main object of the present invention is to provide an improved locking structure for a machine tool mandrel, which uses two sets of steel balls and two tapered faces to control the force of the knife and the broach, so that The purpose of the double force broach and labor saving knife. To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an improved locking structure for a machine tool spindle, comprising: a sleeve which is hollow and has a slope and a recess; 7 200948517 a mandrel, located in the sleeve The sleeve can be axially moved, and the outer side of the mandrel is in contact with the inner wall of the sleeve; a wedge member is located between the sleeve and the mandrel and can extend the mandrel for axial movement The wedge member has an extended end extending from the end of the mandrel, and the wedge member has a first tapered surface and a second tapered surface; an elastic body is sleeved on the mandrel; a washer sleeved on the mandrel between the elastic body and the wedge member; and a plurality of first free spheres and a plurality of second free spheres; wherein the slope, the mandrel end and the first cone Forming a first accommodating space between the sleeves, the sleeve, the second tapered surface and the gasket form a second accommodating space; when locked, the extended end of the wedge member is not pressed by an external force, The plurality of first free ball systems are located in the first accommodating space and contact the slant of the casing a surface, a mandrel end and a first tapered surface, wherein the plurality of second free spheres are located in the second receiving space and contact the inner wall of the sleeve, the second tapered surface and the washer; and when it is to be released, An external force is applied to the extended end of the wedge member, so that the wedge member axially moves the mandrel, and the wedge member sequentially presses the plurality of second free spheres, the washer and the elastic body, so that the The plurality of first free spheres leave the bevel of the sleeve and only contact the inner wall of the sleeve and the first tapered surface; and when the external force continues to be applied, the end of the mandrel is also actuated to axially move the mandrel, A plurality of second free spheres fall into the recess and are unlocked. In order to enable the reviewing committee to have a better understanding and approval of the structural purpose and efficacy of the present invention, the detailed description is as follows. 8 200948517 [Embodiment], "Month> Referring to Figure 1, the figure is a cross-sectional schematic of the modified & locking structure used in the manipulator of the present invention, and the left and right sides are respectively broaches ( Fig.-A)/Unlock (Fig. 1B) and the knife (Fig. 1c) state, in order to simplify the drawing, the symbol is only indicated in Fig. 1A. Referring to Figure A, the locking structure 1 of the present invention comprises a sleeve 11, a mandrel, a wedge member 13, a spring 14, a washer 15, a plurality of free spheres 16, and a plurality of free spheres 17. The sleeve 11 is hollow and has a slope f 110 and a recess m; the mandrel 12 is located in the sleeve n, and the sleeve 11 is axially moved, and the outer side of the mandrel 12 is sleeved. The inner wall 112 of the tube 11 is contacted; the wedge member 13 is disposed between the sleeve u and the mandrel 12 and is also axially movable along the mandrel 12, the wedge member 13 having an end extending from the mandrel 12 An extended end 13 of the portion 120, and the wedge member 13 has two tapered faces 131 and 132; the spring 14 is sleeved on the mandrel 12; the washer b is also sleeved on the mandrel 12 and located in the wedge member 13 and the spring 14; wherein the inclined surface 110, the end portion 122 of the mandrel 12 and the tapered surface 131 form an accommodating space S1; the sleeve 11, the tapered surface 132 and the gasket 15 form another A housing space S2. When locked (sliding), the extended end 13 of the wedge member 13 is not pressed by the external force p, so the force provided by the spring 14 pushes the wedge member 13 via the washer 15 and the steel ball 17, the cone of the wedge member 13 The surface 131 pushes the steel ball w into the accommodating space S1, so that the mandrel 12 is pushed upward, thereby forming a double broach; therefore, in this state, the free sphere 16 is located in the accommodating space si and contacts The inclined surface 110, the end portion 122 and the tapered surface 131; the free spherical body 17 is located in each of the spaces S2 and contacts the inner wall 112, the miscellaneous surface 132 200948517 and the weir 15 . . When it is desired to unlock, an external force P (for example, a hydraulic piston) is pressed against the extended end 130 of the wedge member 13, so that the wedge member 13 will axially move the mandrel 12, and the wedge member 13 is in turn The free sphere 17, the washer 15 and the magazine 14 are pressed against the tension of the spring 14, so that the free sphere 16 slides along the slope 110 and leaves the end 122 to contact only the inner wall of the sleeve 11 and the tapered surface 131. The mandrel 12 is unaffected by the spring 14, and is in an unstressed state, so the external force P can continue to push the mandrel 12 forward and release the tool holder 23 (not shown), as shown in Fig. 1. B shows. When the external force P continues to apply pressure (knife), the tip 121 of the mandrel 12 is also actuated by the external force P, so the mandrel 12 and the wedge member 13 will move axially together, since the tool holder 23 is before the tool is pushed down. In the released state, when the wedge member 13 pushes the compression spring 14 downward through the free ball 17 and the washer 15, the free ball 17 will fall into the recess 111, so the wedge type yak 13 pushes the washer 15 via the free ball 17. When the displacement amount is reduced, the external force required to compress the magazine 14 can be effectively reduced, thereby achieving the labor-saving action.如此 As such, the apparatus of the present invention utilizes two sets of steel balls and two tapered face control tools to force the knives and broaches. The upper set of steel balls, tapered faces and wedges produce the broaching force function, which reduces the length of the required spring and thus reduces the length of the mandrel; the other set of steel balls, tapered faces and washers underneath The labor-saving function makes the amount of compression of the magazine loose when the knife is loosened, which can reduce the oil pressure output force required when the knife is used. Compared with the conventional technology, the utility model has the novelty and the progressiveness, and the patent should be patented to make Employees in related industries can use it to promote industrial development. The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of implementation of the present invention is not limited by 200948517. That is to say, the equivalent changes and modifications made by the applicants in accordance with the scope of the patent application of the present invention should still fall within the scope of the patents of the present invention. I would like to ask your review committee to give a clear explanation and pray for the best. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1A to FIG. 1C are schematic cross-sectional views showing an improved locking structure for a machine tool spindle according to the present invention; FIG. 2A to FIG. 2C are machine tools for generally clamping a tool. A schematic cross-sectional view; and Figure 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of a workpiece holding device of a prior art tool mandrel. [Main component symbol description] 1 - Locking structure 2 - Machine tool ❹ 3 - Locking structure 11 - Bushing 12 - Mandrel 13 - Wedge 14 - Spring 15 - Washer 16 - Multiple free spheres 17 - Multiple free spheres 20-Piston 11 200948517 21- Locking mechanism 22- Mandrel pull rod 23- Clamp 24- Tool 31- Hydraulic cylinder piston 32- Washer 33- Unlocking piece 3 4 - Cool holding 〇 35- Support ring 36- Steel ball 37- Steel ball 38- Bevel 39- Bevel 110- Bevel 111- Concave 112- Inner wall Q 121-Top 122-End 130- Extension end 131- Cone surface 132- Cone surface 210-Spring