200941746 四、指定代表圖·· (一) 本案指定代表圖為：第（1)圖。 (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明： 10 :太陽能元件； 12 :載子元件； 14 :電線； 16 :覆蓋元件； 20 :表面元件；以及 11 :區域。 五、 本案若有化學式時，請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式: 六、 發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一太陽能電池，特別是有關於一種 提供表面元件以改善太陽能電池效率之太陽能電池。 【先前技術】 太陽能電池通常包括一太陽能元件，其係配置為一 半導體元件。半導體元件係接收將太陽所供應的能量並 轉換成電流。藉由這樣的方式，太陽的輻射能將進入半 導體元件且在其内產生自由帶電載子，接著藉由内電場 200941746 匕除了所使用的材料外，太陽能電池的效率 多，能進入太陽能元件且產生自由帶電載: 方部分取決於#射量和各職射密度，且另一 方面取決於輻射波長，在此點上，較短 效率其原因在於較短波長的光為高能量輕射的光/、 =此㈣太陽能電池之難，制在早上和晚上 於大二先以—人射平角照射在太陽能電池上，以致 处大心人射綠反射’因此相當大部分之人射在太 能電池上的光無法轉換為電流。 【發明内容】 提供有5:士述各知技藝之問題，本發明之目的就是在 棱供-種太陽能電池，以解決與習知技術有關之問題。 ❿ 發明之目❸，提供具有增加效率的太陽能電 率的增1陽輻射之入射光為平角時’亦可獲得效 目的，藉由申請專利範圍第1項所界 根據本發明之另一 定之特徵可達成上述目的 一丰ίΓ月ί太陽能電池包括一太陽能元件，其較佳為 +導體70件。藉由此太陽能元件，以同樣地已知方法 陽輻射能轉換成電能。—可為透射之覆蓋元件 覆蓋太陽能7G件，此覆蓋元件特別用來避免污染，因此 本發明所使用的覆蓋元件，可以特別是由可為太陽光透 射之玻璃或塑膠所做成，且覆蓋元件可為一薄膜形 200941746 覆蓋元件直接固定在太陽能元件或設置在距太陽能元件 一距離，且最好是覆蓋元件是一平面形。 根據本發明’在覆蓋元件上設置具繞射性的表面元 件。此表面元件較佳係以突出物形成’其較佳是尺寸小 且大量設置，且至少在一側包含一用來導引入射太陽光 之繞射光柵’因此表面元件構成入射太陽光朝太陽能元 件的方向繞射之效應。因此，特別是假使太陽光以一平角 ❿ 入射在太陽能元件，大部分太陽光也不會發生反射，反 而大部分入射太陽光繞射，因此可使用於產生能量。在 此方法，達到大大的改善太陽能電池的效率，因為特別 是在早上和晚上期間，入射在太陽能電池的光相較於習 知可能的太陽能電池具有更大的量可使用。 本發明之要點為藉由繞射改變入射光方向，即藉由 在一光栅彎曲而非藉由折射，使其朝向太陽能電池之有 效表面。繞射或彎曲只發生在具有至少短於1〇〇〇〇nm2 ❿ 紐光栅+ 週期之一光栅，最好是短光柵週期在300至9〇〇 的範圍此外在較I間隔（in wider gaps)之繞射只發 生在邊緣。然而，實質上由於折射定律發生光導引現象X， 與光學的光導引不同，此表示在幾何物件之光導現象， 例如鏡片或類似物，且不等於光繞射或光折射。 較佳表面元件之設計方法，特別是關於它們的大小 和匕們的表面組態，其係光以相對於其低於45度之角声 :射ί覆蓋元件上，且被大量導引朝向太陽能元件。： 入光對太陽能元件的偏向方向係低於3〇度角，更佳 4 200941746 是低於20度角，而且最好是低於ίο度角。根據此發明， 此過程中，大於50%，較佳為大於8〇%之波長範圍為 300至500 nm之高能量光偏向太陽能元件的方向，因此 藉由對應的百分比用於電能的產生。向太陽能元件的方 向偏向通過表面元件之光，特別偏愛波長範圍低於5〇〇 nm且最好是低於45〇 nm，因此其具有高能量。因此根 ，，發明之一較佳實施例，如果在用於現已知形式的太 ❹陽能電池會造成全反射之角度範圍，此發明性表面元件 的提供使捕抓光成為可能。在此點上’全反射角度特別 取決於所使用的材料。因此，此發明性表面元件的提供 使光偏向太陽能元件的角度範圍增加。因此可以大大地 增加太陽能電池的效率。 各表面元件較佳係以突出物形成，且具有一 :或立方體的形狀。特別是在表面元件的上^塊 當作繞射光栅之表面結構，此表面結構較佳是波浪形且 ❿特別偏愛是具有一雙正弦波形。依波的距離或波結構的 頻率產生相對應波長之光繞射。藉由表面結構的選擇， 特別疋波浪形表面結構的頻率和振幅，其可界定哪一種 已知波長範圍的光將發生繞射，且其繞射將發生在哪個 方向。 較佳的不同表面元件包括具有不同繞射特性的表 面。藉此太陽能電池上之光人射可以在相當大範圍的波 長和角度内，偏向太陽能元件的方向，導致進一步改盖 太陽能電池的效率。特別是也可能設計各表面元件的^ 法係在-明確的角度範圍’人射光之明確的波長範圍偏 5 200941746 向太陽能元件的方向，而此選擇反之亦然。 2較佳的各表面元件之大小係為0.04 μπι2至10000 μιη2 ’且較佳是〇.〇4哗2至5〇〇μιη2。表面元件彼此間的距 離較佳為0至100 nm，更佳是〇至50 nm，且最好是0 至15 nm，然而表面元件之相互距離特別偏愛大於〇 nm，更偏愛 大於1 run’且更更偏愛大於3肺。此提供如果各表面元件彼此間 以一距離設置，將簡單化各表面元件的製造之優點。例如，如果 ❹ 分別藉由一模元件(molding dement)和一負片（negative)利用固化 漆(curable lacquer)產生表面元件，表面元件之相互間隔將防止表面 元件之邊緣的腐壞’如同可例如利用漆板(lacqUer webs)產生。 根據本發明之一較佳實施例，將覆蓋元件設置在離 太陽能元件表面一距離。在内側，即在面向太陽能元件 之覆盡元件的'一侧’设置此發明的表面元件。因此至少 相萬的程度豬由表面元件偏向，及/或藉由覆蓋元件的 内侧反射在太1%此元件上面反射的光，此方法造成光改 ⑩ 變方向至太陽此元件以用於產生能量，因此此實施例可 構想作為一種光阱。當然本發明之此實施例可和上述在 覆蓋元件之外表面之實施例結合，即提供具有表面元件 之背向太陽能元件之表面。 根據另一較佳實施例’其亦可結合上述二較佳必要 實施例，覆蓋元件具有連接於其上之光輪入轉合元件， 例如肋元件。此肋元件為例如塊狀元件，其以^向覆蓋 元件的方向連接於覆蓋元件，且肋元件較2為設置 於覆蓋元件。此光輸入耦合元件可藉由其他幾何=了 200941746 解，如網狀或棒狀，且設置在覆蓋元件上面。例如光輸 入耦合元件可為圓柱形，也可以選擇角錐形，部分角錐 形或類似形狀元件。光輸入耦合元件至少在設置有表面 元件之覆蓋元件的外侧，且至少導引部分入射光經由繞 射朝向太陽能元件的方向。根據本發明，藉由設置肋元 件和表面元件獲得表面的擴大，且因此大大地改善太陽 能電池的效率。 光輸入耦合元件較佳為與覆蓋元件相同的材料製 ® 成。特別是肋元件係以透光材料製成，此材料較佳是選 自於下述所提到的熱塑性材料或從這些材料選出的組 合：聚丙烯（PP)，聚乙烯（PE)，聚碳酸酯（PC),聚曱基丙 烯酸曱酯（PMMA),聚氯乙烯（PVC),聚對苯二曱酸乙二 m (PET),聚胺酯（PU),聚氟乙烯（PVF)，聚偏二氟乙烯 (PVDF)和乙烯-四氟乙烯（ETFE)。另外有用的材料是礦物 玻璃或氟化乙浠丙浠鐵氟龍（FEP Teflon)以及乙浠一醋 酸乙烯酯（EVA)。上述材料的使用常常藉由聚乙烯縮丁醛 G (PVB)，矽或乙烯-丙烯-二烯單體（EDPM)經由黏著連接 製成。偏愛複合結構的使用，例如PVF-PET-PVF，且分 封層（packet layers)的厚度較佳是在0.1至0.4 nm的範 圍。 為避免在背向太陽能元件之肋元件外側上之光的溢 漏，其外侧最好是提供一反射元件，例如一鏡子元件， 且此反射元件可為一氣相沉積層或類似物。 得知在本發明内文中”光”一詞包括太陽光之整個光 7 200941746 譜，即亦為電磁輻射之非可見範圍。 【實施方式】 如第1圖和第2圖所示，係為本發明之太陽处 之第一實施例，一太陽能元件10可藉由半導體_ ' 成，係位於載子元件12上。在太陽能元件1〇中疋件構 入的太陽輻射能將導致電荷的釋放，且藉由内電尸進 0 應將產生一電流，此電流可藉由電線14輸出。豕、效 在繪示的實施例中，太陽能元件10的上面係連接一 _ 件16，此覆蓋元件16可直接地置於太陽能元件1〇 :，二 結或其他枝雜。 t Μ由鍵 的表面16m表面18設置有複數個各別 表面元件實f上係為箱形紅謂形，且在其 結構較佳因此形成一具有繞射作用的表面，此 結構之頻㈣線之形狀。取決於較佳正㈣線的表面 10，如气缺0幅，光輻射將偏向且因此改變方向至太陽能元件 表面18|平Γ簡軍形式所指示。特別是太陽光以相對於上述上 如第3 ^入射時，本發明重要地改善太陽能電池的效率。 於或類似於贫所不為本發明之另一較佳實施例之敘述，相同 在此實施例之元件係以相同的參考數字標示。 面26之一 ^例二覆蓋元件16在離太陽能元件10上表 即填滿空々離设置，此組合的中間空間28可為中空， 圖所示之1〇’，或可填滿另—介質，例如一固體介質。如 32部份反射，:光束在太陽能元件10的上表面26之點 上將以點狀的元件沒有本發明之設置時，其實質 生能量。 箭遗34的方向完全反射，因此無法用於產 8 200941746 根據本發明，可藉由設置複數個表面元件2〇在覆 蓋兀件16的内表面36來避免上述問題。參閱第2圖所 描述之方法安裝較佳表面元件2〇。在覆蓋元件Μ的内 表面36設置表面元件20,其區域實質上具有一光阱 (light trap)的效果。 如第4圖和第5圖所示，在本發明所述之另一較佳 二相同於或類似於上述實施例之組成再次以相同的 參考數子標不。根據本發明之此實施例，在 ❹ 像 ::表：㈣置肋⑽)元件38 ’此肋元件38為光輸入 :可為箱形且垂直設置於覆蓋元件16的外表面 %肋=件38之至少—外表面4()再設置複數個如上述 表面元件20。因此，很顯然如圖箭號42所示之 :=’至少一部份的光反射在肋元件裡面，因此造 士向太W元件1G的方向移動。光未反射的部份44， Π =件％之表面元件2〇經歷-對應的繞射， ^將由於此繞射在肋元件裡反射傳遞朝向太陽能元件 藉$提供至少在-外表面4〇設置表面元件2〇之肋 大大地擴大太陽能電池之有效利用表面。為 :避束，在背向太陽能元件1〇之一侧之肋元件逃 逸在其侧提供反射元件46。 可如善太陽能電池的效率之上述三基本實施例 根^示於第4圖和第5圖之發明性太陽能電池之實 二其的模擬軟體執行計算以決定所增加的效 羊其對應的圖形評估顯示在第6圖和第7圖。 如纷不於第4圖和第5圖之實施例所提供，第6圖 200941746 顯示一習知具有肋元件38設置在其上之太陽能元件。為 了以便模擬結果之間的比較，繪示於第6圖之例子的肋 元件38分別包括平滑表面4〇，且無表面元件設置在此 表面40。材料為具有nD= 1.52之折射率之透明材料’此 材料的穿射率是95%，反射率是5%，而吸收係數是〇 %。另外繪示於第六圖是各入射光束的路徑，很顯然從 圖中’只有一小部份的光束入射在太陽能元件1〇的表面 18 °200941746 IV. Designation of Representative Representatives (1) The representative representative of the case is: (1). (b) A brief description of the symbol of the representative figure: 10: solar element; 12: carrier element; 14: wire; 16: covering element; 20: surface element; and 11: area. 5. If there is a chemical formula in this case, please disclose the chemical formula that best shows the characteristics of the invention: 6. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a solar cell, and more particularly to providing a surface element for improving solar energy Battery efficient solar cells. [Prior Art] A solar cell generally includes a solar element configured as a semiconductor element. The semiconductor component receives and converts the energy supplied by the sun into a current. In this way, the radiant energy of the sun will enter the semiconductor component and generate a free charged carrier therein, and then the solar cell is more efficient than the material used by the internal electric field 200941746, and can enter the solar component and generate Free belt load: The square part depends on the #射量 and the various shot densities, and on the other hand depends on the wavelength of the radiation. At this point, the shorter efficiency is due to the light of the shorter wavelength being the light of high energy and light. , = (4) The difficulty of solar cells, in the morning and evening in the sophomore first - people shot at the angle of the solar cell, so that the big heart people shoot green reflection 'so a considerable number of people shot on the solar battery The light cannot be converted to current. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION There is provided a problem of the knowledge of the art of the present invention. The object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell in the rib to solve the problems associated with the prior art.发明 The object of the invention is to provide an effect of increasing the efficiency of the solar energy rate and increasing the incident light of the solar radiation into a flat angle, which is also effective, and another feature according to the invention is defined by the scope of claim 1 The above-mentioned object can be achieved. The solar cell comprises a solar element, preferably 70 pieces of + conductor. By means of this solar element, the radiant energy can be converted into electrical energy in the same known way. - the cover member for the transmission can be covered with a solar 7G element, the cover element being used in particular to avoid contamination, so that the cover element used in the invention can be made, in particular, of glass or plastic which can be transmitted by sunlight, and the cover element The cover element can be directly attached to the solar element or disposed at a distance from the solar element, and preferably the cover element is a planar shape. According to the invention, a surface element having a diffractive property is provided on the covering member. Preferably, the surface element is formed by protrusions which are preferably small in size and arranged in large numbers and which comprise at least one side a diffraction grating for guiding incident sunlight. Thus the surface elements constitute incident sunlight towards the solar element. The effect of the direction of diffraction. Therefore, especially if the sunlight is incident on the solar element at a flat angle 大部分, most of the sunlight does not reflect, but most of the incident sunlight is diffracted, so that it can be used to generate energy. In this method, the efficiency of the solar cell is greatly improved, because the light incident on the solar cell can be used in a larger amount than in the conventional solar cell, particularly in the morning and evening. The gist of the present invention is to change the direction of the incident light by diffraction, i.e., by bending it in a grating rather than by refracting it toward the effective surface of the solar cell. Diffraction or bending only occurs in a grating having at least one shorter than 1 〇〇〇〇nm2 纽 光栅 grating + period, preferably a short grating period in the range of 300 to 9 此外 and in addition to in wider gaps The diffraction occurs only at the edges. However, substantially the light guiding phenomenon X occurs due to the law of refraction, which is different from optical light guiding, which represents a light guiding phenomenon in a geometric object, such as a lens or the like, and is not equal to light diffraction or light refraction. The preferred method of designing surface elements, particularly with respect to their size and their surface configuration, is to illuminate the element at an angle of less than 45 degrees with respect to it, and is directed toward the solar energy element. : The direction of the light entering the solar element is less than 3 degrees, more preferably 4 200941746 is less than 20 degrees, and preferably less than ί. According to the invention, in the process, more than 50%, preferably more than 8%, of the high-energy light having a wavelength in the range of 300 to 500 nm is biased toward the direction of the solar element, and thus is used for the generation of electric energy by a corresponding percentage. The direction of the solar element is biased toward the light passing through the surface element, with a particular preference for wavelengths below 5 〇〇 nm and preferably below 45 〇 nm, so that it has high energy. Thus, a preferred embodiment of the invention, if provided in an angular range for the total reflection of a solar cell of the presently known form, provides for the capture of light. At this point the 'total reflection angle depends in particular on the material used. Thus, the provision of this inventive surface element increases the range of angles at which light is deflected toward the solar element. Therefore, the efficiency of the solar cell can be greatly increased. Each surface element is preferably formed as a protrusion and has a shape of: or a cube. In particular, the upper surface of the surface element is used as the surface structure of the diffraction grating, and the surface structure is preferably wavy and particularly preferred to have a double sinusoidal waveform. The light diffraction of the corresponding wavelength is generated depending on the distance of the wave or the frequency of the wave structure. By the choice of surface structure, in particular the frequency and amplitude of the undulating surface structure, it is possible to define which light of a known wavelength range will be diffracted and in which direction the diffraction will occur. Preferred different surface elements include surfaces having different diffraction characteristics. Thereby, the light human radiation on the solar cell can be biased toward the direction of the solar element over a relatively wide range of wavelengths and angles, resulting in further modification of the efficiency of the solar cell. In particular, it is also possible to design the surface elements of the system in a well-defined angular range of the human-lighted wavelength range 5 200941746 towards the direction of the solar element, and vice versa. Preferably, each of the surface elements has a size of from 0.04 μm to 10,000 μm 2 ' and preferably from 〇.〇4哗2 to 5〇〇μηη2. The distance between the surface elements is preferably from 0 to 100 nm, more preferably from 50 to 50 nm, and most preferably from 0 to 15 nm. However, the mutual distance of the surface elements is particularly preferred to be greater than 〇nm, and more preferably greater than 1 run' and More preferred than 3 lungs. This provides the advantage of manufacturing the various surface elements if the surface elements are placed at a distance from one another. For example, if ❹ produces surface elements by a curable lacquer by a molding dement and a negative, respectively, the mutual spacing of the surface elements will prevent spoilage of the edges of the surface elements as if for example Paint boards (lacqUer webs) are produced. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the covering element is placed at a distance from the surface of the solar element. The surface element of the invention is disposed on the inside, i.e., on the 'side' facing the overhanging element of the solar element. Therefore, at least the extent of the pig is deflected by the surface element, and/or by reflecting the light reflected on the element by too much 1% of the element inside the cover element, this method causes the light to change direction to the sun for the element to generate energy. This embodiment is therefore conceivable as a light trap. Of course, this embodiment of the invention can be combined with the embodiments described above on the outer surface of the cover member, i.e., providing a surface having surface elements facing away from the solar element. According to another preferred embodiment, it is also possible to combine the two preferred embodiments described above, the covering element having an optical wheel-in turning element, such as a rib element, attached thereto. The rib element is, for example, a block-like element that is attached to the cover element in the direction of the cover element, and the rib element is disposed to the cover element. The light input coupling element can be solved by other geometries = 200941746, such as a mesh or a rod, and disposed on the cover member. For example, the light input coupling element may be cylindrical, or may be selected from a pyramidal shape, a partial pyramidal shape or the like. The light input coupling element is at least outside the cover element provided with the surface element and at least directs a portion of the incident light in a direction towards the solar element. According to the present invention, the enlargement of the surface is obtained by providing the rib member and the surface member, and thus the efficiency of the solar cell is greatly improved. The light input coupling element is preferably made of the same material as the cover element. In particular, the rib elements are made of a light transmissive material, preferably selected from the thermoplastic materials mentioned below or a combination selected from these materials: polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate. Ester (PC), poly(mercapto methacrylate) (PMMA), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene terephthalate (m), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polydisperse Vinyl fluoride (PVDF) and ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE). Further useful materials are mineral glass or FEP Teflon and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The use of the above materials is often made by adhesive bonding via polyvinyl butyral G (PVB), hydrazine or ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EDPM). The use of composite structures, such as PVF-PET-PVF, is preferred, and the thickness of the packet layers is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.4 nm. In order to avoid leakage of light on the outside of the rib elements facing away from the solar element, it is preferred to provide a reflective element, such as a mirror element, on the outside, and the reflective element may be a vapor deposited layer or the like. It is known that the term "light" in the context of the present invention includes the entire spectrum of sunlight 7 200941746, which is also the non-visible range of electromagnetic radiation. [Embodiment] As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, which is a first embodiment of the sun according to the present invention, a solar element 10 can be formed on a carrier element 12 by a semiconductor. The solar radiant energy embodied in the solar element 1 将 will cause the release of charge, and a current should be generated by the internal electromagnetism, which current can be output by the electric wire 14.在 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效 效The surface of the surface 16m of the key is provided with a plurality of surface elements, which are box-shaped red-shaped, and are preferably in a structure to form a surface having a diffraction effect. The frequency (four) line of the structure The shape. Depending on the surface 10 of the preferred positive (four) line, as in the case of a gas vacancy, the optical radiation will be biased and thus redirected to the surface of the solar element 18|indicated by the form of the flat element. In particular, the present invention significantly improves the efficiency of solar cells when sunlight is incident on the above-mentioned third. The elements in this embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, or are similar to the preferred embodiments of the present invention. One of the faces 26 of the cover member 16 is disposed on the surface of the solar element 10, that is, filled with an empty space. The intermediate space 28 of the combination may be hollow, as shown in the figure, or may be filled with another medium. For example, a solid medium. For example, 32 partial reflection: when the beam is at the point of the upper surface 26 of the solar element 10, the point-like element does not have the setting of the present invention, and its substantial energy is generated. The direction of the arrow 34 is completely reflected and therefore cannot be used for production. 8 200941746 According to the present invention, the above problem can be avoided by providing a plurality of surface elements 2 to cover the inner surface 36 of the element 16. Install the preferred surface element 2〇 as described in Figure 2. A surface element 20 is disposed on the inner surface 36 of the cover member, the region of which substantially has the effect of a light trap. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, another preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is identical or similar to the above-described embodiments, is again labeled with the same reference numerals. According to this embodiment of the invention, in the image:: table: (four) rib (10) element 38 ' this rib element 38 is a light input: can be box-shaped and vertically disposed on the outer surface of the cover element 16 % rib = piece 38 At least the outer surface 4() is further provided with a plurality of surface elements 20 as described above. Therefore, it is apparent that as shown by the arrow 42: =' At least a portion of the light is reflected inside the rib member, so that the tamper moves in the direction of the W element 1G. The unreflected portion 44 of the light, Π = % of the surface element 2〇 undergoes a corresponding-diffraction, ^ will be due to this diffraction in the rib element and the reflection is transmitted towards the solar element by providing at least at the outer surface 4〇 The ribs of the surface element 2 greatly expand the effective utilization surface of the solar cell. To avoid the rib elements on one side facing away from the solar element 1 escape the reflective element 46 on its side. The above three basic embodiments, which can be used as the efficiency of the solar cell, are shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, and the simulation software of the inventive solar cell performs calculation to determine the corresponding effect evaluation of the added effect. Shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7. As is provided by the embodiments of Figures 4 and 5, Figure 6 200941746 shows a conventional solar component having rib elements 38 disposed thereon. In order to compare the simulation results, the rib members 38 illustrated in the example of Fig. 6 respectively include a smooth surface 4〇, and no surface member is disposed on the surface 40. The material is a transparent material having a refractive index of nD = 1.52. The material has a transmittance of 95%, a reflectance of 5%, and an absorption coefficient of 〇%. Also shown in the sixth figure is the path of each incident beam. Obviously, only a small portion of the beam is incident on the surface of the solar element 1 18 from the figure.
❹ 第7圖顯示使用除了提供設置在肋元件38的表面40 之繞射表面元件20之外，根據第6圖相同之組成執行模 擬的情況。此表面元件具有4〇〇至2000奈米（nm)之光柵週 期。在第7圖中，描繪三射線路徑以不同角度入射在肋元件 38上。三射線路徑之各上光束或右側光束50係為第〇階 (order)射線路徑，此光束只有折射沒有繞射。其它之各光束 路徑係為第1階射線路徑，此些射線將全部繞射。從第7圖 可看見大部分的入射光線偏斜到太陽能元件上1〇，特別是假 使非常平的射線路徑和其繞射亦如此。假使射線以非常陡的 角度入射，在肋元件38之發明性表面元件的提供顯然地並 無造成擾動。 一上述模擬已揭露與習知的太陽能電池相比，具有繞射表 面几件20之肋元件38的設置有效的達到增加約。此模 擬不考慮較高階的繞射，其將導致進一步增加效率。 把、地增加效率’其㈣科需要移動域能電池 太陽路徑，此排除提供一與其關聯的機械等之對 二，t之需要。此模擬進—步證明入射角範圍大約正負 90度是可接受的。 @ a s 藉由降低肋元件38之間的距離可進-步達到增加效 ❹ ❹ 200941746 率。此外，可提供-半透明鏡，其在太陽能 8 件10向上方向繞射之輻射再繞射回去4 '—遠離太陽能元 陽处:L圖上至示具有光輸，合元件設置於太 ’光輪人輕合元件取代 肋兀件38。虽然也可以互相結合上述任—實施例。 在第8圖繪示實質上部份角錐形元 件，其包括相對傾斜於太陽能元件1〇表面18 ;兀 ==陽能元件10表面18之一表面％。表表面54,56 ，佳為议置具有不同表面光栅之表面元件2()在其上 提供光柵依據太陽方位適應入射角。 、 如第9圖所繪示’一圓枝形之光輸 能元件1G上，顧人射角隨著日晝期間變化苴 :裝考慮到太陽光線之-有利的光輸 ^ 在光?入麵合元件58之圓柱形的外側。：ΪΪ 60之U可女裝繞射表面元件2〇 ’其又與安裝在表面 m面元件2〇具有不同的光桃常數。此外，一鏡子 第：二㉟^鏡’可设置在表面62，此鏡之功能對應於在 第4圖和第5圖之鏡子邾的功能。 社 你I，®之具有—較小構造高度之另一實施 光栅結構二耦ί:件科，66以相互垂直安置’且對應於-、、口>隹石。在光輸入耦合元件64,66之不同外侧，如果 =可設置具有不同表面結 ， 特別設置半透㈣在向上方向背向太陽能元狀-侧擇 離 200941746 更，均應包含於後附之申請專利範圍中。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係為本發明之太陽能電池之第一實施例之透視示意 圖； 第2圖係為第1圖標示為II區域之放大示意圖； 第3圖係為太陽能電池之第二實施例之局部放大剖視示意 圖， e 第4圖係為太陽能電池之第三實施例之局部放大剖視示意 圖； 第5圖係為太陽能電池之第三實施例之透視示意圖； 第6圖係為根據第4圖的實施例繪示模擬計算之示意圖； 第7圖係為根據第5圖的實施例繪示模擬計算之示意圖； 第8圖係為太陽能電池之另一實施例之剖視示意圖； 第9圖係為太陽能電池之再一實施例之剖視示意圖；以及 第10圖係為太陽能電池之又一實施例之剖視示意圖。❹ Fig. 7 shows a case where the simulation is performed according to the same composition as in Fig. 6 except that the diffraction surface member 20 provided on the surface 40 of the rib member 38 is provided. This surface element has a grating period of 4 to 2000 nanometers (nm). In Fig. 7, the three-ray path is depicted incident on the rib member 38 at different angles. Each of the upper or right beam 50 of the three-ray path is a second order ray path that is only refracted and not diffracted. The other beam paths are the first order ray paths, and all of these rays will be diffracted. From Figure 7, it can be seen that most of the incident light is deflected to the solar element, especially if the very flat ray path and its diffraction are also so. If the ray is incident at a very steep angle, the provision of the inventive surface element at the rib element 38 is clearly not disturbed. One such simulation has revealed that the arrangement of the rib members 38 having a plurality of pieces 20 of the diffractive surface is effectively increased by about the conventional solar cell. This simulation does not consider higher order diffraction, which will result in further increased efficiency. Increase the efficiency of the land. The (4) section needs to move the domain energy battery solar path. This exclusion provides the need for a pair of machinery, etc. associated with it. This simulation further demonstrates that an incident angle range of approximately plus or minus 90 degrees is acceptable. @ a s can be increased by reducing the distance between the rib members 38 to increase the efficiency ❹ 41 200941746 rate. In addition, a semi-transparent mirror can be provided, which radiates radiation in the upward direction of the solar device 8 and then circulates back to 4 '- away from the solar energy yang: L to the display with light transmission, and the component is set to the 'light wheel The human light fitting element replaces the rib member 38. Although the above-described embodiments can also be combined with each other. In Fig. 8, a substantially partial pyramidal member is illustrated, which includes a surface 18 that is relatively oblique to the surface of the solar element 1; 兀 = = one of the surfaces 18 of the surface of the solar element 10. The surface surfaces 54, 56 are preferably arranged to have surface elements 2 () having different surface gratings on which the grating is provided to accommodate the angle of incidence depending on the orientation of the sun. As shown in Figure 9, on the 1G circular light-transmission element 1G, the angle of the Gu people changes with the sundial period: the light is taken into account in consideration of the sun's rays. The outer side of the cylindrical shape of element 58. : ΪΪ 60 U can be used to circulate the surface element 2 〇 ‘ which is different from the surface mounted on the surface m-plane element 2〇. In addition, a mirror: a second 35 mirror can be placed on the surface 62, the function of which corresponds to the function of the mirrors in Figs. 4 and 5. You I,® has another implementation of a smaller construction height. The grating structure is two-coupled. The pieces 66 are placed perpendicular to each other' and correspond to the -, port & vermiculite. On the different outer sides of the light input coupling elements 64, 66, if = can be set with different surface junctions, especially the semi-transparent (four) in the upward direction away from the solar energy-side selection from 200941746, should be included in the attached patent application In the scope. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a solar cell of the present invention; FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view showing a first region as a region II; and FIG. 3 is a solar cell 2 is a partially enlarged cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of a solar cell; FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of a solar cell; FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing simulation calculation according to the embodiment of FIG. 5; FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the solar cell; Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the solar cell; and Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing still another embodiment of the solar cell.
12 200941746 【主要元件符號說明】 10 太陽能元件； 12 載子元件； 14 電線； 16 覆蓋元件； 18、40 :外表面； 20 :表面元件； 22 :外側；12 200941746 [Description of main component symbols] 10 solar components; 12 carrier components; 14 wires; 16 covering components; 18, 40: outer surface; 20: surface components;
24、34、42 :箭頭； 28 :中間空間； 30、44、II :區域； 32 :點； 36 :内表面； 46 :反射元件； 48、50 :光束； 26、54、56、60、62 :表面；以及 38,52,58,64,66 :光輸入耦合元件0 1324, 34, 42: arrow; 28: intermediate space; 30, 44, II: area; 32: point; 36: inner surface; 46: reflective element; 48, 50: beam; 26, 54, 56, 60, 62 : surface; and 38, 52, 58, 64, 66: optical input coupling element 0 13