200937669 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明為一種可使發光二極體之發光源獲致最大利用及照明效 果之方法及裝置者。 【先前技術】 近代光學設計的標準程序，是以強力的電腦運算能力來模擬各 種光學效果，其中最佳化(optimization)的運算方法更能在特定的 0 光源輸入條件及成像輸出要求下，精確計算出鏡組製造時所需之各 種參數。Zemax，Oslo, Code V，及Tracepro等均為此類光學模擬軟 體’其所獲致的成果在視力矯正、家用投射機、數位像機、顯微鏡 或宇宙天體觀察的作為等各領域均有顯著的貢獻。發光二極體之發 光效率及整體亮度正快速跨越各類型傳統光源，如何應用新世代節 能型光源促成更多變化產品需求’正是半導體光電產業進步的契 機，亦即是本發明創意的原動力。 首就習用白熾燈絲之發光特徵而言，其為一黑體幅射（Black ® Body Radiation)，即發熱體幅射出一特定分佈可涵蓋全波段，無方 向性(isotropic)之電磁波，或稱光波，通常以色溫(c〇1〇rTemperature) 絕對溫度°1^代表此發熱體所存在之溫度，同時也表現其白光光譜之 特徵’例如以5400°K表示正午太陽的白光，不分材料只要是溫度達 5400°Κ，則其幅射之白光光譜特徵均吻合正午太陽的白光光譜且 其電磁幅射(EM radiation)之射出方向及強度為均值性，是為白熾燈 光源共通之出光分佈◊故燈具業者可據此特性來設計標準化的燈 5 200937669 罩，自然適用於各廠牌間之白熾燈源而通用於市場。照明產業發展 中的專業化光源及多元化燈具’兩個重要角色得以相互支援’因此 創造出人類文化中最光耀的一頁。 因應新世代環保節能的需求’大量地資金投入半導體產業發展 性能優異的半導體光源，即發光二極體，未來趨勢必然取代傳統白 熾燈及螢光燈的照明產業，先進國家已有立法來督導公共照明設施 更換成節能的二極體光源，美國國會通過的「能源自主及安全法」， 0 預定未來ίο年内美國將逐步淘汰已使用百年的傳統白熾燈泡，全面 改用省電燈泡，預估將為美國每年省下180億美元電費。台灣也宣 佈，將於西元2012前完成公共照明之換裝節能的二極體光源之計劃。 唯，二極體發光晶片的出光分佈曲線截然不同於白孅燈光源， 即晶片的一次光學之效果，取決於原材料特性、PN發光層結構分佈、 電極形狀、封裝技術及材料之光學特徵等等人為因素，故不同廠生 產的晶片各有不同的出光分伟，如第一圖A，所示之光分佈圖屬於 晶片廠Lumiled，K2晶片之資料，而第一圖B，係屬於晶片廠〇sram， ❹ Aton晶狀f料’二者$光分細異之歧朗在同—反射式集光 罩卻無法獲致相同之照明效果。第二圖為一實用面射型理想 Lambertian光源之光分佈，與上述實際晶片光源之表現相去甚遠。 足見燈具廠面對各廠牌之晶片光源，得逐一設計集光畢，無法如白 熾燈般發展出鮮通㈣之絲I。此雜鑛世代二極體照明產 業的普及化！如何將晶片光線有效率的引導達成照明目的？又如何 使不同燈具應用之廉商發展出共用性之集光罩？正是發光二極體光 6 200937669 源普及化最需要解決的光學課題。 另，傳統白熾光源之反射式集光罩的製作觀念是依據白熾光源 自然分佈之均勻出光曲線，配合反射罩形體之模擬，來達成各種之 配光需求，如習用手電筒、汽車大燈、照明用燈罩等反射式集光罩。 若直接取用發光二極體光源，則同一反射式集光罩將因發光二極體 供應來源不-而卻有不同的效果，若桌面均勻的照度是對視力保健 有影響，試想燈具商應該押寶其中一家光源物供應之獨佔性，或為 〇 不同豕光源物設計不同燈具？此種光源物無法共用現象，會增加模 具的費用、產品推廣及維修之困擾，不啻浪費資源也遲滯市場的發 展。 【發明内容】 因為各薇牌高功率發光二極體晶片尺寸均切割成約lmm2，本發 明利用此一共同特徵提出之改良式發光二極體LED燈源的方法，係用 固定大小之球形透鏡為第二次光學透鏡，令球體直徑與晶片尺寸以 固定比例產生固定之幾何光學效果，同時以球面像差（Spherical aberration)對離軸光線之強烈非線性聚焦特性，使自晶片大角度之 離抽光線’其出光分佈經球透鏡後被強烈壓縮在一窄光束之内，而 淡化(smooth)其原有不同之分佈特性，是為本發明修正各發光二極體 間不同之出光分佈而得一共通出光分佈曲線。本發明在有限的體積 内’有效率的收集二極體所發出的光線，使其聚光成約為球體直徑 大小的窄光束而可直接投射於遠處，得到一定型化出光分佈的通用 型光源’正如同白熾光源一般之通用型照明光源，方便於燈具廠植 200937669 入燈具之通用設計。 本發明將發光二極體晶片貼近於透明球體上，其貼近之效果不 僅可方便得到最大張角角度，而且因晶片設置於透鏡焦點處，其細 微之聚焦位置的修正，可微調内、外環出光分佈之比例，本發明之 結構易於形成固定型體之模組，便於定義各種規格，實為光源標準 化之必要途徑。 藉此’本發明則可應用於車燈、投射燈、檯燈等照明設備之共 〇 用光源，即將透明球體設於一標準化置容體中，以電源設施供發光 一極之用電，使發光二極體光源自透明球體照射出，產生具共通特 徵之出光分佈，達到易於配合各類照明市場的需求，而可設計出具 共用性之三次光學應用燈具。 【實施方式】 本發明依光學原理，以球型透鏡3近接在晶片1的表面，因晶片 尺寸常規約lmm X lmm當選用直徑大於6 5 的球型透鏡3,這表示 q 自B曰片1正面射出的光線的角度Θ約在160度以内可進入球型透鏡3 第圖示）’可涵蓋一般晶片的出光分佈已涵蓋95%以上的光線， 請參照第-圖A及B。另，本發明近接處所施用之膠合材料其折射率 介於曰曰片與球透鏡，可大幅降低反射率，相對於傳統透鏡與晶片間 存有間隙’而無法近接也無法降低間隙之反射率有更佳的效果，此 膠α材料作用如高倍率光學顯微鏡使用油滴為介質以辅助增加光學 效率係屬同-原理。又因晶片尺寸遠小於球型透鏡直徑，大部份光 線都經過_之巾央輯而視紐轴光線 ，乃依折射定率被匯聚投 8 200937669 射至遠方。然離轴光線卻因球型透鏡之特性反匯聚體於近方，即光 學成像之焦平面隨軸距而改變，慣稱球面像差（Spherical aberration)，即以較大角度自晶片偏向射出之光線又可回到光束之 中央區’如第三圖所示，正可使晶片投光照明時周邊與中央區光線 得以混合’而可獲得顏色及照度調合之特徵。在照明應用時，是並 不要求成像清晰之要件，反而因為球面像差造成一定型化之出光分 佈’第五圖所示為Zemax模擬Lambertian光源在距離球透鏡2cin處所 Ο 得之定型化出光分佈立體圖，所呈現之外環型光束即為球面像差在 窄光束，對大孔徑操作之非線性聚焦行為，完全掩蓋光源原始大角 度出光分佈之特徵。上述顏色調合特徵對單色光激發螢光層而得白 色光效果者，可解決自發光二極體斜向與正向射出之光線必需經過 不同厚度之螢光層所產生之色環問題。 本發明依據造鏡者公式、成像公式得出光學透鏡以球體可獲致 最佳滿足光源集中性之二次光學效果；按，造鏡者公式（一） ❹為介質的相對折射率，也就n2/nl ’ 是光疏進入光密物質的比值，其必大於卜而rl及r2光線射入與射出 的鏡面曲率半徑（而r2曲率方向與rl相反者為負值），（為焦距。 依造鏡者公式計算出透鏡之焦距m，可據成像公式（二） (1/p+lAH/f) ’ p為物距，q為像距，f為焦距，計算出*同距離物 體之物距p，由透鏡而成像之位置，也就得到像距瞻。倘物體於透 鏡之焦點丨位置，則物距P為f，像距<1為°°(無限遠處），即光線為平 行射出後相交於無限遠處。 9 200937669 如將發光二極體1貼於球體透鏡3鏡面焦點上，依張角公式 (三）’ Bitan^r/L)，Θ為張角角度，r為透鏡半徑，發光二極體m 透鏡中心距L，因為中心距已無法更縮短，故可得知其收納發光二極 體1的光源張角0為最大’也就是可以充份利用光源來達到完全投射 照明之最大效果，請參第四圖所示。 其貼近之效果不僅可方便得到最大張角角度，而且因發光二極 體§又置於透鏡焦點處，其細微之聚焦位置的修正（即發光二極體1與 Ο 球體透鏡3允許有距離之修正下），藉此，也就可微調内、外環出光 分佈之比例’參第六圖示。 本發明據以上演算與實驗，證明利用透明球體3作為透鏡聚光之 用，並將發光二極體1之發光源貼近球體3 ,二極體1發光表面與投光 方向呈垂直，當發光二極體邊長W在與球體直徑D之比例維持一定的 條件下，尤其是使用一個以上發光二極體時，6〈D/flr>i5可獲得最佳 滿足具共通性之光源集中效果。如第三圖所示，此時其光線射入與 射出的鏡面曲率半徑rl=r2=r，皆為同一半徑值，設透明球體為玻璃 ^ 介質其相對折射率n2=1.5 (nl=l，空氣），則(n2/nl-i) =〇. 5，則 依造鏡者公式可知，透明球體3之焦距=半徑（f=r),將發光二極體j 貼近球體3表面上，即物距=半徑，（ρ= Γ)，復依成像公式（二)可知， lApl/f-1/p，即q為〇〇，無限遠處；據此可知，經過透明球體3焦 點之光線呈現平行射出’越接近光軸2之光線，即近軸光線，其越附 和成像公式（二)地計算結果，呈現平行射出，而遠離光軸Z之光線， 即離軸光線，對照明的目的有正面柔和均勻化之投光效果。 200937669 為適合各種應用，可再以三次光學透鏡來改變光照分佈，對遠 距投射之效果，如手電筒之應用，配合可共用三次光學投射鏡之聚 焦調整可得一極均勻之圓形照射區塊。免除發光二極體出光分佈不 一致之困擾。 當二次光學元件’是一散光(Astigmatism)元件，即在光波前行 進面上正交之兩方向有不一樣之聚焦能力。以透明圓柱體4〇A及透明 半圓柱體40B為第三次光學元件之實施例，如第六圖c、D所示，其X Ο 轴為圓柱之中心轴，Y轴與中心軸垂直，X轴為直向，而Y轴則因圓柱 形之曲率而會呈循折射光之行進方向，此所透光照射出之光影在X軸 及Y軸方向會呈現不同之内外環長短徑現象，實線範圍為實光亮度， 而虛線範圍為漸淡糊模區，兩圖所示因透鏡形狀不同，所造成之光 照結果就不同，據此可知，在可掌握第二光學所透出之光線下，藉 第二光學元件之X、γ軸及不同曲率變化，可呈現出不同長短徑之橢 圓或長條形聚光效果，而有利於橢圓形桌面照明或經多數光源之組 ❹合喊狀照_狀，如車歡燈·12職要权舰分佈等應 用，而此兩光學元件之透鏡於實際製作時，可整合而為一體。 由上述可知，發光二極體經第二次光學可控制光線匯聚成集中 式窄光束的效果’藉此，而可配合不同光學透鏡以獲致預定投影之 結果，是真確改善不同廠家發光二極體不同出光角度及分布的難 題，而整合出一共通性之解決方案。 據以上之實驗，可將球體3及發光二極體i及其電路板2集合為一 基本體，如第七圖所示，將透明球體3設於—置容體钟，該置容體4 11 200937669 具一空間’設有可供球體3置放之接觸面4a，此接觸面4a可為球形表 面，或於設以軟性物質密接合以保護發光二極體1之空間，其定位之 結果必然是使球體3中心轴與發光二極體1所欲出光之方向同一；亦 可在球體3表面適當位置均勻塗以螢光劑，使發光二極體丨不同方向 發射之光線得經過固定厚度之螢光層始進入球體3，產生固定比例之 螢光激發而發生所需之混光效應。而此結構可以制式化（標準化）， 使可供後續第三次光學或導光板之設計依據者。 © 本發明將發光二極體1貼合於透明球體3上，雖可獲得最佳整合 各廠發光二極體光分布之共通性效果，但考量到發光二極鱧1與透明 球體3之接觸下，有可能在组裝、振動下造成不良磨擦、或損壞現象， 本發明可於透明球體3上設有一凹孔31，此凹孔31正可置入發光二極 體卜如第八圖所示，該凹孔31正可含入發光二極體〗之正向及側面 之發光面，如此可將發光二極體1正方及侧方之光源方向，完全被透 明球體3所收納而在其内進行折、反射之聚光作用。其中，可將凹孔 31壁先塗施螢光劑，再以膠合材料將發光二極體丨固位，如此就可避 0 免對發光二極體1之損害，雖然這樣的聚光效果沒有如前之作法佳， 但就其照明度的需要性而§，仍不失其應有的效果，而且又可保證 發光二極體之出光完全被透明球體3所收納利用者。 本發明應用實施於防炫光或大面積低輝度之照明度則需要導光 板等二次光學元件的設計，如第九圖所示，為藉三次光學達到散光 照明效果，用於桌燈、屋頂燈之途，於此三次光學為導光板5〇之上 表面56，及侧邊向外之第-斜面55塗有如不透光之油漆等之低吸收 12 200937669 率之遮蔽物質51 ’使光線射向第一斜面55時，此位於第一斜面55之 遮蔽物質51有如反射面，會將光線呈現散光效果，因散光角度廣泛， 不合於全反射要求之光線’故可穿透導光板50由下表面59照射到外 界物體’集各個散光可達到擴大及柔和照明之效果^另於此導光板 50之上表面56設有數多凹槽52，此凹槽52可為任意割痕、v形槽或其 他可增加反射率及反射出光面之形狀者。 而透明導光板50於供透光之透明球體3入位之處，設有一定位用 〇 置容槽57，因透明球體3之出光處58僅在前方的一區域，故置容槽57 之深度或弧度，至少能供容此出光處58為限度，如此可將出球體3之 光源依全反射完全實施於導光板50内作用者，於第九圖所示之實施 例’該置容槽57之設計為可供透明球體3定位及貼合之弧形槽狀者。 在導光板50位於透明球體3下方設有倒V形槽54，於此倒V形槽54形成 之左右傾角之第二斜面541，係供透明球體3所透出之光源經此第二 斜面541而可向左右兩側向導光板5〇内側反射，而射向下表面59之光 源，因角度大無法透光出去’就會位於導光板50内再反射，直到可 〇 由下表面59射照外界為止，且打在塗有遮蔽物質51之側邊第一斜面 55、凹槽56者，皆會產生散光，如此，眾多的散光束就會由下表面 59射出，藉此，就可獲致一定目的之照明效果。 其中，為使透明球體3中心轴31的出光源能充份的被利用，避免 因實用中因V形槽54頂角之鈍化而垂直反射造成的損耗，特於倒v形 槽54位於透明球體中心轴31之處形·成一穿孔53 ’使此直向之光源直 接射出。 13 200937669 另，透明球體3可配合一個以上發光二極體1緊鄰或呈一定角度 位置貼合於球面上，以獲得更廣角多光源之出光面（如第十圖所 示），使各個發光二極體1之光源照射由球體3交互重疊照出，可達到 擴大照明之目的。 【圖示說明】 第一圖A :係為晶片廠Lumiled，K2晶片之光分布圖。 第一圖B:係為晶片薇〇sram，Aton晶片之光分布圖。 Ο 第二圖：係為理想之Lambertian面光援出光分布圖。 第三圖：係為將發光源貼於透明球體之照明結果〇 第四圖：係為光源貼於透鏡之光角示意圖。 第五圖：係為Lambertian光源模擬在距離球透鏡2cm處所得之出光分 佈立體圖。 第六圖C :係為本發明以透明柱為三次光學之實施示意圖。 第六圖D:係為本發明以切半之透明柱為三次光學之實施示意圖。 第七圖：係為本發明之光學基本組合單元實施例。 ® 第八圖：係為本發明透明球體與發光二極體之結合實施例。 第九圖：係為本發明三次光學(集光罩)之利用實施例。 第十圖：係為兩個發光二極體應用於透明球體之實施例。 【主要元件符號說明】 1......發光二極體2......電路板 3......透明球體 31......凹孔 4......置容體 40......透明圓枉體 50……導光板 51……遮蔽物質52……凹槽 200937669 53… …穿孔 54… …倒V形槽 541- —第一斜面 55… …第斜面 56… 57… …置容槽 58… …出光部 59- …下表面 Z 1光轴200937669 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention is a method and apparatus for maximizing utilization and lighting effects of a light-emitting source of a light-emitting diode. [Prior Art] The standard program of modern optical design is to simulate various optical effects with powerful computer computing power. Among them, the optimization operation method can be more precise under specific 0-light source input conditions and imaging output requirements. Calculate the various parameters required for the manufacture of the mirror. Zemax, Oslo, Code V, and Tracepro are all such optical simulation software's achievements have made significant contributions in various fields such as vision correction, home projectors, digital cameras, microscopes or cosmic celestial observations. . The luminous efficiency and overall brightness of LEDs are rapidly surpassing all types of traditional light sources. How to apply new generation energy-saving light sources to create more demanding products is the driving force behind the advancement of the semiconductor optoelectronic industry, which is the driving force behind the invention. In terms of the illuminating characteristics of the conventional incandescent filament, it is a Black ® Body Radiation, that is, the heating body emits a specific distribution covering a full-band, isotropic electromagnetic wave, or light wave. Usually, the color temperature (c〇1〇rTemperature) absolute temperature °1^ represents the temperature of the heating element, and also shows the characteristics of its white light spectrum', for example, the white light of the midday sun is represented by 5400°K, as long as the material is When the temperature reaches 5400°Κ, the spectral characteristics of the white light of the radiation are consistent with the white light spectrum of the midday sun, and the emission direction and intensity of the electromagnetic radiation (EM radiation) are average, which is the common light distribution of the incandescent light source. According to this feature, the lighting industry can design a standardized lamp 5 200937669 cover, which is naturally applicable to the incandescent light source between the brands and is commonly used in the market. The professional light source and diversified luminaires in the development of the lighting industry 'two important roles can support each other' thus create the most glorious page in human culture. In response to the needs of the new generation of environmental protection and energy conservation, 'a large amount of capital invested in the semiconductor industry to develop semiconductor light sources with excellent performance, that is, light-emitting diodes, the future trend will inevitably replace the traditional incandescent and fluorescent lighting industry. Advanced countries have legislation to supervise the public. The lighting facility was replaced with an energy-saving diode light source. The Energy Autonomous and Security Law passed by the US Congress, 0 is scheduled for the future. In the next year, the United States will phase out the traditional incandescent bulbs that have been used for a hundred years, and switch to energy-saving bulbs. The United States saves $18 billion in electricity bills each year. Taiwan also announced plans to replace the energy-saving diode light source for public lighting by 2012. However, the light distribution curve of the diode light-emitting chip is completely different from the white light source, that is, the primary optical effect of the wafer, depending on the material characteristics, the PN light-emitting layer structure distribution, the electrode shape, the packaging technology, and the optical characteristics of the material, etc. Human factors, so the wafers produced by different factories have different light output. For example, in the first picture A, the light distribution map belongs to the wafer factory Lumiled, K2 wafer data, and the first picture B belongs to the wafer factory. Sram, ❹ Aton crystal f material 'both of the light and the difference is the same - the reflective concentrator can not achieve the same lighting effect. The second picture shows the light distribution of a practical surface-emitting ideal Lambertian source, which is far from the performance of the actual wafer source described above. It can be seen that the lighting factory faces the wafer light source of each brand, and has to design the light collection one by one, and can not develop the fresh silk (four) silk I like the incandescent lamp. The popularity of this heterogeneous generation of diode lighting industry! How to effectively guide the light of the wafer to achieve the purpose of illumination? How to make the cheap quotient of different luminaire applications develop a common concentrator? It is the light-emitting diode light 6 200937669 The most popular optical problem to be solved. In addition, the reflective concept of the traditional incandescent light source is based on the uniform distribution curve of the natural distribution of the incandescent light source, and the simulation of the reflector body to achieve various light distribution requirements, such as the use of flashlights, car headlights, lighting Reflective light concentrator such as a lampshade. If the light-emitting diode light source is directly used, the same reflective light-collecting cover will have different effects due to the source of the light-emitting diode. If the uniform illumination of the desktop has an impact on vision care, Imagine that the lighting supplier should Is it the exclusiveness of one of the light source supplies, or is it designed for different light sources? Such a light source cannot share the phenomenon, which increases the cost of the mold, product promotion and maintenance, and wastes resources and delays the development of the market. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The method for improving the light-emitting diode LED light source proposed by the present invention is to use a fixed-size spherical lens as the size of each of the high-power light-emitting diode chips is cut into about 1 mm 2 . The second optical lens produces a fixed geometrical optical effect at a fixed ratio between the diameter of the sphere and the size of the wafer, while the strong non-linear focusing characteristics of the off-axis ray with Spherical aberrations allow for a large angle of separation from the wafer. The ray's light distribution is strongly compressed into a narrow beam after passing through the ball lens, and the original different distribution characteristics are smoothed, which is a modification of the different light distribution between the light-emitting diodes. Common light distribution curves. The invention efficiently collects the light emitted by the diode in a limited volume, and condenses it into a narrow beam of about the diameter of the sphere, and can directly project to a distant place, and obtains a general-purpose light source with a certain type of light distribution. 'It is just like the general-purpose illumination source of incandescent light source, which is convenient for the general design of the lamp factory plant 200937669 into the lamp. The invention has the light-emitting diode wafer attached to the transparent sphere, and the close effect can not only conveniently obtain the maximum angle of angle, but also can finely adjust the inner and outer loops due to the correction of the fine focus position of the wafer placed at the focus of the lens. The ratio of the distribution, the structure of the invention is easy to form a module of the fixed body, and it is convenient to define various specifications, which is a necessary way for the standardization of the light source. Therefore, the invention can be applied to a common light source for lighting equipment such as a lamp, a projection lamp, a table lamp, etc., that is, the transparent sphere is set in a standardized storage body, and the power supply device is used for lighting one pole to make the light The diode light source is illuminated from the transparent sphere to produce a light distribution with common features, which is easy to meet the needs of various lighting markets, and can be designed to produce three optical applications. [Embodiment] According to the optical principle of the present invention, the spherical lens 3 is closely connected to the surface of the wafer 1. Since the wafer size is conventionally about lmm X lmm, the spherical lens 3 having a diameter larger than 6 5 is selected, which means that the q self-B slice 1 The angle of the light emitted from the front side can be entered into the spherical lens 3 within about 160 degrees. The first example can cover more than 95% of the light distribution of the general wafer. Please refer to Figure-A and B. In addition, the adhesive material applied in the proximal joint of the present invention has a refractive index of between the cymbal and the ball lens, which can greatly reduce the reflectance, and has a gap between the conventional lens and the wafer, and cannot be close to each other, and the reflectance of the gap cannot be reduced. For better results, the action of the gel alpha material, such as high-power optical microscopy, uses oil droplets as a medium to aid in the increase of optical efficiency. Moreover, because the size of the wafer is much smaller than the diameter of the spherical lens, most of the light passes through the central section of the towel and is regarded as the beam of the axis. It is concentrated at the refractive index and is shot into the distance. However, off-axis light is inversely concentrated by the characteristics of the spherical lens, that is, the focal plane of optical imaging changes with the wheelbase. It is called Spherical aberration, that is, it is emitted from the wafer at a large angle. The light can be returned to the central region of the beam. As shown in the third figure, the light in the periphery and the central region can be mixed when the wafer is illuminated, and the color and illuminance can be combined. In lighting applications, there is no requirement for clear imaging, but a certain type of light distribution due to spherical aberration. The fifth figure shows the stereotyped light distribution of the Zemax simulated Lambertian light source at the distance from the spherical lens 2cin. In the perspective view, the outer ring beam is the spherical aberration in the narrow beam, and the nonlinear focusing behavior on the large aperture operation completely obscures the characteristics of the original large-angle light distribution of the light source. The above color blending feature can achieve a white light effect by exciting the fluorescent layer with a monochromatic light, and can solve the color ring problem generated by the fluorescent layers of different thicknesses of the obliquely and positively emitted light of the self-luminous diode. According to the lens formula and the imaging formula, the invention obtains the secondary optical effect that the optical lens can obtain the best concentration of the light source by the sphere; according to the formula of the mirror (1), the relative refractive index of the medium is n2 /nl ' is the ratio of light into the light-dense substance, which must be greater than the radius of curvature of the mirror surface of the rl and r2 rays (and the direction of curvature of r2 is opposite to rl), (for the focal length. The mirror formula calculates the focal length m of the lens, which can be calculated according to the imaging formula (2) (1/p+lAH/f) 'p is the object distance, q is the image distance, f is the focal length, and the object distance of the same distance object is calculated. p, the position imaged by the lens, and the image distance is obtained. If the object is at the focus of the lens, the object distance P is f, and the image distance <1 is °° (infinity), that is, the light is parallel After the shot, it intersects at infinity. 9 200937669 If the light-emitting diode 1 is attached to the mirror focus of the spherical lens 3, according to the angle formula (3) 'Bitan^r/L), Θ is the angle of the corner, r is the radius of the lens. The center distance L of the light-emitting diode m lens, because the center distance can not be shortened, it can be known that it is stored The source angle 0 of the photodiode 1 is the largest', which is the maximum effect that can be fully utilized to achieve full projection illumination, as shown in the fourth figure. The close effect is not only convenient for obtaining the maximum opening angle, but also because of the correction of the fine focus position of the light-emitting diode § at the focus of the lens (ie, the correction of the distance between the light-emitting diode 1 and the Ο spherical lens 3) B), by which, the ratio of the light distribution of the inner and outer rings can be fine-tuned'. According to the above calculation and experiment, the invention proves that the transparent sphere 3 is used as a lens for concentrating, and the light source of the light-emitting diode 1 is close to the sphere 3, and the light-emitting surface of the diode 1 is perpendicular to the light-emitting direction, when the light-emitting two When the ratio of the side length W of the polar body to the diameter D of the sphere is maintained constant, especially when more than one light-emitting diode is used, 6 <D/flr> i5 can obtain the light source concentration effect which satisfies the commonality. As shown in the third figure, at this time, the radii of the mirror and the exit radius of the mirror are rl=r2=r, which are the same radius value. The transparent sphere is the glass medium and its relative refractive index is n2=1.5 (nl=l, Air), then (n2/nl-i) = 〇. 5, according to the formula of the mirror, the focal length of the transparent sphere 3 = radius (f = r), the light-emitting diode j is close to the surface of the sphere 3, that is Object distance = radius, (ρ = Γ), complex imaging formula (2), lApl / f-1 / p, that is, q is 〇〇, infinity; according to this, the light through the transparent sphere 3 focus Parallel injection of the light closer to the optical axis 2, that is, the paraxial ray, the more it is attached to the imaging formula (2), the result is parallel, and the light away from the optical axis Z, that is, off-axis light, has the purpose of illumination. The front side is soft and uniform. 200937669 For a variety of applications, the optical distribution can be changed with three optical lenses. For long-range projection effects, such as the application of a flashlight, with a focus adjustment that can be shared by three optical projection mirrors, a uniform circular illumination block can be obtained. . It eliminates the confusion of the light distribution of the light-emitting diodes. When the secondary optical element 'is an astigmatism element, that is, there are different focusing powers in two directions orthogonal to the front surface of the light wave. The embodiment in which the transparent cylinder 4A and the transparent semi-cylindrical body 40B are the third optical element, as shown in the sixth figure c and D, the X Ο axis is the central axis of the cylinder, and the Y axis is perpendicular to the central axis. The X-axis is straight, and the Y-axis is the direction of travel of the refracted light due to the curvature of the cylindrical shape. The light and shadow emitted by the light will exhibit different lengths of inner and outer rings in the X-axis and Y-axis directions. The solid line range is the real light brightness, and the dotted line range is the faded paste area. The two pictures show different light effects due to the different lens shapes. According to this, the light reflected by the second optics can be grasped. Under the X, γ axis and different curvature changes of the second optical element, an elliptical or long strip concentrating effect of different lengths and short diameters can be exhibited, which is beneficial to the elliptical desktop illumination or the combination of most light sources. According to the _ shape, such as the car Huan Lan·12 job title ship distribution and other applications, and the lens of the two optical components can be integrated into one. It can be seen from the above that the effect of the second optically controllable light concentrating into a concentrated narrow beam by the second optical illuminator can be combined with different optical lenses to obtain a predetermined projection result, which is to truly improve the LEDs of different manufacturers. The problem of different light angles and distributions, and the integration of a common solution. According to the above experiment, the sphere 3 and the light-emitting diode i and the circuit board 2 thereof can be assembled into a basic body. As shown in the seventh figure, the transparent sphere 3 is disposed in the body volume clock, and the body 4 is disposed. 11 200937669 has a space 'with a contact surface 4a for the ball 3 to be placed, the contact surface 4a can be a spherical surface, or a soft material is tightly bonded to protect the space of the light-emitting diode 1, the result of the positioning It is inevitable that the central axis of the sphere 3 is the same as the direction in which the light-emitting diode 1 is intended to be emitted; or the phosphor may be uniformly applied to the surface of the sphere 3 so that the light emitted from the light-emitting diode in different directions passes through a fixed thickness. The phosphor layer begins to enter the sphere 3, producing a fixed proportion of fluorescent excitation that produces the desired dimming effect. This structure can be standardized (standardized), making it available for subsequent design of the third optical or light guide plate. © The present invention, the light-emitting diode 1 is attached to the transparent sphere 3, and although the common effect of integrating the light distribution of the light-emitting diodes of each factory is obtained, the contact between the light-emitting diode 1 and the transparent sphere 3 is considered. In the present invention, it is possible to cause poor friction or damage under assembly and vibration. The present invention can be provided with a recessed hole 31 in the transparent sphere 3, and the recessed hole 31 can be placed into the light-emitting diode as shown in the eighth figure. It is shown that the recessed hole 31 can be included in the light-emitting surface of the positive and side surfaces of the light-emitting diode, so that the direction of the light source of the square and the side of the light-emitting diode 1 can be completely accommodated by the transparent sphere 3 Condensation and reflection are carried out inside. Wherein, the wall of the recessed hole 31 can be first applied with a fluorescent agent, and then the light-emitting diode can be fixed by a glue material, so that the damage of the light-emitting diode 1 can be avoided, although the light collecting effect is not as before. The method is good, but in terms of the need for illumination, § still does not lose its due effect, and it can ensure that the light emitted by the LED is completely accommodated by the transparent sphere 3. The application of the invention to the illuminance of anti-glare or large-area low-brightness requires the design of secondary optical components such as a light guide plate, as shown in the ninth figure, for astigmatism illumination effect by three opticals, for table lamps and houses On the way of the dome light, the three optics are the upper surface 56 of the light guide plate 5, and the side-bevel 55 of the side outward is coated with a low absorption of opaque paint, etc. When the first inclined surface 55 is directed to the first inclined surface 55, the shielding material 51 located on the first inclined surface 55 has a reflecting surface, and the light is astigmatic, and the light having a wide astigmatism angle is not suitable for the total reflection requirement, so that the light guide plate 50 can be penetrated. The surface 59 is irradiated to the external object to collect the astigmatism to achieve the effect of expanding and softly illuminating. In addition, the upper surface 56 of the light guide plate 50 is provided with a plurality of grooves 52, which may be any cuts, v-grooves or Others that increase the reflectivity and reflect the shape of the glossy surface. The transparent light guide plate 50 is provided with a positioning pocket 57 for the transparent transparent sphere 3 to be transparent. Since the light exiting portion 58 of the transparent sphere 3 is only in the front area, the depth of the receiving groove 57 is Or the arc, at least the light exiting portion 58 is limited, so that the light source of the ball 3 can be fully implemented in the light guide plate 50 according to the total reflection. In the embodiment shown in the ninth figure, the receiving groove 57 The design is an arc-shaped groove for positioning and fitting the transparent sphere 3. The light guide plate 50 is disposed below the transparent sphere 3 and is provided with an inverted V-shaped groove 54. The second inclined surface 541 formed by the inverted V-shaped groove 54 is formed by the second inclined surface 541 through which the transparent sphere 3 is exposed. The light source that is directed to the left and right sides of the light guide plate 5 is reflected, and the light source that is directed to the lower surface 59 is not transparent because of the large angle, and then is reflected in the light guide plate 50, and then can be reflected by the lower surface 59. Up to now, when the first inclined surface 55 and the groove 56 are coated on the side of the masking substance 51, astigmatism is generated, and thus, a plurality of scattered light beams are emitted from the lower surface 59, whereby a certain purpose can be obtained. Lighting effect. In order to make the light source of the central axis 31 of the transparent sphere 3 sufficiently utilized, the loss caused by the vertical reflection due to the passivation of the apex angle of the V-shaped groove 54 in practice is avoided, and the inverted v-shaped groove 54 is located in the transparent sphere. The central axis 31 is shaped like a perforation 53' to direct the direct light source directly. 13 200937669 In addition, the transparent sphere 3 can be attached to the spherical surface with more than one light-emitting diode 1 in close proximity or at an angle to obtain a light-emitting surface of a wider-angle multi-light source (as shown in the tenth figure), so that each light-emitting two The illumination of the light source of the polar body 1 is alternately illuminated by the spheres 3, and the purpose of expanding the illumination can be achieved. [Illustration] The first picture A is the light distribution map of the wafer factory Lumiled, K2 wafer. The first picture B is a light distribution diagram of the wafer 〇 sram, Aton wafer. Ο The second picture: the ideal Lambertian surface light aid distribution map. The third picture is the illumination result of attaching the light source to the transparent sphere. The fourth picture is a schematic diagram of the light angle of the light source attached to the lens. Figure 5: A perspective view of the light distribution obtained by the Lambertian light source at 2 cm from the ball lens. Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the implementation of the transparent column as three-dimensional optics of the present invention. Fig. 6D is a schematic view showing the implementation of the three-dimensional transparent column with a transparent half of the invention. Figure 7 is an embodiment of an optical basic combination unit of the present invention. ® Figure 8 is a combination of a transparent sphere and a light-emitting diode of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a use embodiment of the three-optical (light collecting hood) of the present invention. Fig. 10 is an embodiment in which two light-emitting diodes are applied to a transparent sphere. [Description of main component symbols] 1...Light-emitting diode 2... Circuit board 3... Transparent sphere 31... Recessed hole 4..... The housing 40 is a transparent circular body 50... a light guide plate 51... a shielding substance 52... a groove 200937669 53... a perforation 54... an inverted V-shaped groove 541--a first inclined surface 55... ...the first inclined surface 56...57...the receiving groove 58...the light exiting portion 59-...the lower surface Z1 the optical axis
1515