200911352 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明是有關於一種污水過濾系統，且特別是有關於 一種低動力、薄膜清洗容易，且可避免濃度極化現象的負 壓操作式反滲透濾膜系統。 【先前技術】 目前採取薄膜分離技術的廢水回收方式，已屬業界普 遍的作法之一，尤其在飲用水高級化的三級處理上，已具 有相當良好的固液分離成效，因此，近年來以薄膜系統來 進行分離及淨化的技術已漸受重視。 已知的膜組外觀類型主要分為兩大類，其一為管狀的 薄媒’如螺旋包疊式（spiral-wound)、中空纖維式 (hollow-fiber)及中空管式（tubular)，另一種則為平板式 (flat-sheet)的薄膜，其中，螺旋式與中空纖維式臈組雖然 採用高裝填密度（high packing density)，但由於須面對不同 水體中的懸浮固體及膠羽，使得膜組容易阻塞，而且，為 了提高造水的流通量’只能藉由膜管的增設及增加操作壓 力來提高水的流通量’造成膜管設備體積龐大與成本的增 加，另外，這兩種膜管也不能拆卸清洗或逆洗。 如第1圖所示，至於採用平板式的薄膜系統100，主 要是在兩片薄膜110(通常採用RO膜或UF膜）之間失設— 膜支撐板120(membrane support plate)，以構成一内部可容 納水體的濾板單元130。該濾板單元130具有一位於盤體 200911352 110外緣且供一導水管140組接的導接口 131，以及一貫設 在盤體110中央的穿孔丨32。該穿孔丨32可供穿套於一轴 柱150上’並且，在兩兩濾板單元130之間夾設有一夾襯 單兀160(membrane spacer)’而形成一層疊狀的薄膜系統 100 ’並且使得該薄膜系統1〇〇内部形成一可逐層與濾板 單70 130通連的污水流道。此外，在該轴柱150的兩端分 別鎖接有一頂蓋170及一底蓋18〇，藉以夾制前述的濾板 單元130及夾襯單元16〇，以防止漏水。該底蓋18〇具有 一供水口 181 ’該頂蓋170具有一排放口 171，該供水口 181與排放口 171是與污水流道連通。 如此，當污水自該供水口 181泵送入該污水流道時， 藉著水壓的推擠下，可使水體透過濾膜11〇而進入該濾板 單元130内，並由每一個濾板單元130的導接口 131接引 至外部匯集’而濃縮的廢液則由該排放口 171排出。 但是，這種平板式的薄膜過濾系統在操作使用上，仍 有以下的缺點： 一、為了提高造水量必須增加流體操作壓力，但是濾 膜系統100只靠頂、底蓋170、180來鎖結，水密的效果 相當有很容易產生漏水，相對的，為了維持—定的造 水流通所以薄膜系統1〇〇的操作壓力須控制在15〜30 kgw/cm2,不能採用低壓操作，動力損耗大。 一、由於只能增加操作壓力來提高流量，加上污水是 以逐層肌動供纟’並非以橫向流動（cr〇ss衍㈣）的掃流 式進行擴散滲透’不但濾速降低，且系統内的水體容 6 每 200911352 成濃度極化現象（concentration! polarization)，進而產生污 泥沉積的濾餅，所以系統需要有良好的預過濾程序，以保 護薄膜避免污堵及表面結垢。 三、薄膜是疊接鎖合在系統内部，無法自外部來進行 沖洗，唯一方法只能將系統整個拆卸後才能清洗，但也造 成停機的損耗。 此外，PTA(對苯二甲酸）是國内重要的石化中間原 料，由於PTA在氧化過程中，必須以醋酸猛（manganese acetate)及醋酸钻（cobalt acetate)為觸煤來進行催化，所以 廢水中會產生大量的重金屬（鈷和錳），PTA廢水除了重金 屬含量高之外，也具有高濃度COD(cheinical oxygen demand，化學需氧量）、高水溫、PH值變化大、大量的 TA(toluic acid)懸浮顆粒…等廢水特性》 習知的PTA廢水回收再利用方法，一般是先引入冷水 使廢水降溫（約攝氏40C)’再藉由加入適當的化學藥劑， 如酸、鹼氧化劑或還原劑來調整PTA廢水的PH值，接著， 再以多種過濾裝置（如離子交換樹脂槽）來去除重金屬離 子，最後利用一逆渗透裝置（revwse osmosis，R0)進行最 後的脫鹽過濾處理，使排放水質能達到再回收利用的標 準。但是一般的PTA污水處理法很難達到良好的處理效 果，且逆滲透裝置的膜管容易被PTA氧化之副產物TA， 以及化學藥劑反應所生成的大量懸浮顆粒所堵塞，因此， 如何解決逆滲透裝置無法清洗，以及改善薄膜容易堵塞的 問題，已成為業界急待解決之課題。 200911352 【發明内容】 統，m發明所提供之—種負壓操作式反滲透據膜系 、置入污水池内進行薄膜過濾，不須要外部的M 管或習知夾檷罝-# ^ 丨扪双 /处襯早疋，薄膜可在外部以水柱或轉動進行沖 洗無居另仃停機拆卸，使方便清潔，用以解決已知平板 式過渡單元必須整組拆卸作清洗的問題。 本發明所提供之提供—種負壓操作式反渗透渡膜系 統’慮膜採中央的疊鎖式扣合單元結構，不須軸柱即能結 〇，加上系統操作壓力低，使用時無漏水或污水滲入系統 内之虞，用以解決已知平板式過濾單s之水密效果差且易 產生漏水的問題。 、，本發明所提供之一種負壓操作式反滲透濾膜系統，以 平灯於渡膜表面的掃流進行固液分離，顏組旋轉或液體 的流動產生平行濾面之高剪應力減少粒子附著 ，且污水在 開放式的槽體内進行反滲透分離，避免產生濃度極化現 象’用以解決已知平板式過濾單元因產生濃度極化現象所 造成嚴重的沉積濾餅的問題。 根據本發明所提出之一種負壓操作式反滲透濾膜系 統，包含反滲透濾膜單元、扣合單元、水密單元、頂蓋及 一底蓋。每一個反滲透濾膜單元，分別具有呈三明治結構 的一膜支撐板、一第一薄膜及一第二薄膜，該第一薄膜固 設在該膜支撐板之一頂面，該第二薄膜固設於該膜支撐板 之一底面，前述三者可界定出一供水體透析的容室，並 200911352 且，則述二者更具有一沿軸向延伸且與該容室連通的產水 孔。每-個扣合單元，是與該等反滲透濾膜單元交錯設置 且呈相互嵌叠’並分別具有二貼設在該反渗透濾膜單元上 的導接盤以及二嵌置在該導接盤上的水密元件，各該導接 盤具有-與該產水關㈣導水孔、複數㈣接腳與複數 個嵌合部，各該嵌接腳穿置過該產水孔且與該第一薄膜相 對，各該嵌合部與該第二薄膜相對，且該等導接盤可由該 嵌接腳趨近於相料接盤嵌合部的夾制位置，操作成該鼓 接腳遠離於相鄰導接盤嵌合部的鬆縣置，並幼鄰的導 接盤位於㈣位置時’可使該等反渗透濾料元保持水密 狀態°每—個水密元件，分別夾置在該導接盤之-外緣及 該膜支撐板上。該頂蓋，疊級於最上方的反滲透滤膜單元 上’具有-與該產水孔連通的哪水口，供以_負壓將透過 薄膜的水體哪引至系統外部。該底蓋，疊組於最下方的反 滲透濾膜單元。 本發明之廢水流向形成掃流，無濃度極化現象，不易 產生污堵，所以可降低濾餅之沉積量，且不需產水孔也不 會產生漏水問題；此外可自外部直接沖洗膜面的污泥，無 需整組拆下，不但方便清潔，且薄膜表面Μ，以利於快 速清洗。 【實施方式】 “、'第2圖與第8圖’本發明之負壓操作式反滲透慮 膜系統m例’包含複數個反渗透濾膜單& 複 200911352 數個扣合單元300、複數個水密單元4〇〇、一頂蓋5〇〇及 一底蓋600。 參照第2圖與第4圖，每—個複數個反滲透濾膜單元 200’分別具有呈三明治結構的一膜支撐板21〇、一第一薄 膜220及一第二薄膜230 〇前述三者可界定出一供水體透 析的容室700,並且，前述三者更具有一沿軸向延伸且與 該容室700連通的產水孔71〇。 參照第2圖、第3圖與第4圖，該膜支撐板21〇具有 一内環圈211、一與該内環圈211同軸的外環圈212、一連 結在該内、外環圈211、212之間的夾網213、複數個自該 内環圈211上朝上凸伸的定位柱2丨4、複數個位於該外環 圈212且朝外延伸的間隔塊215，以及複數個沿徑向開設 且垂直於該產水孔710的槽縫216。且該等槽縫216兩端 疋由該產水孔710貫通至該容室7〇〇。 參照第2圖與第4圖’該第一薄膜220與該第二薄膜 230皆為逆滲透薄膜，更進一步地，於本實施例中是採用 低操作壓力的奈米過濾（nanofiltration)薄膜（俗稱NF膜）， 且為了降低膜面吸附膠體及懸浮微粒的附著，因此可在薄 膜的表面添加—〇H基或一 SChH基…等親水性基團的材料或 天然素材’使膜面親水化，以降低膜面的吸附。並且，該第 一、二薄膜220、230分別具有一中心孔22卜23 1、一内緣 222、232與一外緣223、233。該第一薄膜22〇藉由該内 緣222與該外緣223固設在該膜支撐板21〇之内環圈211 與外環圈212的一頂面。該第二薄膜230藉由該内緣232 200911352 與該外緣233固設在該膜支撐板210之内環圈211與外環 圈212的一底面。且該第一薄膜22〇與第二薄膜23〇分別 與該膜支撐板210形成有一空隙240。此空隙240連通於 該膜支架板210的容室700。 參照第4圖與第5圖’每一個扣合單元3〇〇分別具有 一夾設在該反滲透濾膜單元2〇〇上下兩側的導接盤3丨〇、 320’並與該等反滲透濾膜單元2〇〇交錯設置且呈相互嵌 疊。每一個導接盤310、320具有一與該產水孔710相連 通的導水孔311、321、複數個嵌接腳312、322、複數個嵌 合部313、323與複數個對應該等定位枉214的定位孔 314、324 ’以及二個靠近外緣的環凹部3丨5、325。各該環 凹部315、325分別形成於該等導接盤31〇、32〇的頂、底 面，並且環繞在該等嵌接腳312、322、該等嵌合部313、 323與該等定位孔314、324的外側。 參照第4圖與第6圖，在每一組扣合單元300中，位 於底部之該導接盤320的嵌接腳322是穿置入該產水孔 710、導水孔311且與該第一薄膜22〇相對；位於底部之該 導接盤320的嵌合部323與該第二薄膜23〇相對。且該等 導接盤310、320可由該嵌接腳312、322趨近於相鄰該等 導接盤310 ' 320喪合部313、323的爽制位置，操作成該 等嵌接腳312、322遠離於相鄰該導接盤31()、32()嵌舍部 313、323的鬆脫位置，並且相鄰的該等導接盤3i〇、 位於灸制位置時，可使料反滲㈣膜單元綱保持水密 狀態，此第6圖中係處於夾制位置。 11 200911352 參照第6圖與第7圖。至於組裝情形，係將位於底部 之該導接盤320鄰靠於該第二薄膜230,並使其嵌接腳322 穿置於該反滲透濾膜單元200的產水孔71〇 ;再使位於頂 部之該導接盤310鄰靠於該第一薄膜22〇,施以第6圖之 箭頭方向旋轉位移’使底部之該導接盤32〇的嵌接腳322 欲固於頂部導接盤310的後合部313。此外，每一個欲接 腳322具有一凹穴3221，每一個嵌合部3丨3具有一凸點 3131，當嵌接腳312嵌接於該嵌合部；313時，該凸點3131 與該凹穴3221形成卡制狀態，以獲得穩固定位的作用。 參照第2圖與第4圖，每一個水密元件4〇〇，分別夾 置在該等導接盤310、320之環凹部315、325與該等反滲 透滤膜單元200的膜支撐板21〇之間，並且緊壓在該第一 薄膜220與該第二薄膜230的内緣223、233上。此水密 元件400係為一環形墊圈。 參照第4圖與第8圖，藉由多數個扣合單元3〇〇之導 接盤310、320將該等反滲透濾膜單元予以疊組成一 組渡膜系統之後，另可藉由一插銷8〇〇貫穿每一個導接盤 310、320之其中一個定位孔314(因圖示角度關係，第4 圖只見疋位孔314)，以確保每一個導接盤31〇、320與每 一個反滲透濾膜單元200疊組在—起。 參照第8圖，該底蓋600，疊組於最下方的反滲透濾 膜單元200上’並藉由一端蓋61〇鎖固。 該頂蓋500，疊組於最上方的反滲透濾膜單元2〇〇 上，並藉由一端蓋510予以鎖固。該頂蓋5〇〇具有一與該 12 200911352 產水孔710連通的唧水口 52〇，供以一負壓（泵浦go)經由 一導管900將透過薄膜的水體唧引至系統外部。另一外接 的導管900’供排氣之用。 參照第4圖與第8圖，將本發明之負壓操作式反滲透 濾、膜系統疋採用「浸入式」置於一廢水槽910内，並可以 一支撐架920架立，該廢水槽910更進一步地可在槽底打 入空氣（圖未揭示），以增加水體擾動效果β此時，隨著該 導管900施以負壓唧引水液，此負壓較佳地為 〇.5kgw/cm2，使廢水槽910的水液滲透過該第一薄膜220 與第一溥膜230而進入該反滲透滤膜單元2〇〇的容室 700，並依序朝向該產水孔71 〇、導水孔311、321集中匯 流而出。此外，在本實施例中，每一個反滲透濾膜單元2〇〇 都以該等導接盤310、320配合該等水密單元400緊密連 接’所以不需外加產水管，仍具有良好的水密效果，無漏 水問題。而濃縮的廢液則可再經過一馬達930的抽引，再 迴流至該廢水槽910内，如此的循環操作下，隨著該廢水 槽910内污泥岔度的提尚，使用者可定期由槽底將沉殿的 污泥、固體懸浮物卸洩出槽外，或者將槽底的重金屬回收 再利用。 當薄膜表面材產生污泥沉積時，因本發明無外部的殼 管’因此使用者可利用水壓或旋轉膜組直接沖洗第一、二 薄膜220、230的膜面，無需整體拆卸，使方便清潔。此 外，由於該第一薄膜220與第二薄膜23〇係為奈米過濾膜 (nanofiltration，俗稱NF膜），表面光滑不易積附微粒，有 13 200911352 助於快速沖洗的功用，有效地延長濾膜使用壽命。 經由上述說明，相較於已知的平板式薄膜過濾系統容 易漏水、系統内的水體容易造成濃度極化以產生沉積渡餅 • 以及必須整個拆卸後才能清洗的問題；本發明之負壓操作 式反滲透濾膜系統具有以下功效與優點： 、整個過濾系統可直接置入污水池内進行薄膜過 濾，不須要外部的殼管或習知的夾襯單元，因此薄膜可在 外部直接以水柱或旋轉進行沖洗，無須另行停機拆卸，以 { 方便清潔。 二、濾膜採中央的疊鎖式扣合單元結構，單位體積内 具有較高的截污表面積，一方面不須軸柱即能結合，加上 系統操作壓力低，使用時無漏水或污水滲入系統内之虞。 二、以平行於濾膜表面的掃流進行固液分離，利用平 行濾面之高剪應力減少粒子附著，且污水在開放式的槽體 内進行反滲透分離，抑制以往R0膜管在密閉狀態下的濾 餅沉積量，以及避免濃度極化現象，有效地延長濾膜使用 ^ 壽命。 四、本發明採用NF的濾膜，在過濾分離過程中，採 用負壓操作，它能截留小分子的有機物，並且，因操作壓 力低，無機鹽能通過奈米濾膜而透析，使得納濾的滲透壓 力遠比反滲透低。如此—來，在保證一定的膜通量的前提 下納濾過程所需的外加壓力就比反滲透低很多，具有節省 動力的優點。 值得一提的是，雖然本發明之負壓操作式反滲透濾膜 200911352 系統無需使用產水管亦能正常使用，不會漏水，此係適用 於小型的濾水單元《運用於大型的過水系統時，參照第9 圖，可配合一產水管940貫穿該反滲透濾膜系統的產水孔 710、導水孔311 ' 321 ’並配合頂蓋500、底蓋600、端蓋 510、610與該等鎖蓋540予以鎖結，並藉由該等導管9〇〇 接設在唧水口 520與一排氣孔611，而該排氣孔611係連 通於該底蓋600的一排氣孔601，此等排氣孔6〇1、611又 與該反滲透濾膜單元200的產水孔710相連通；此唧水口 520供連接負壓以唧引水液，而此排氣孔6〇1、6ιι供導氣 作用，至於此實施例的使用情形與上述實施例相同，不再 贅述。 雖然本發明已以二實施例揭露如上，然其並非用以限 定本發明，任何熟習此技藝者，在不脫離本發明之精神和 範圍内，當可作各種之更動與潤飾，因此本發明之保護範 圍當視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。 【圖式簡單說明】 ^為讓本發明之上述和其他目的、特徵、優點與實施例 能更明顯易懂’所附圖式之詳細說明如下： 第1圖係為已知的平板式過濾單元之組合剖視圖。 第2圖係為本發明一實施例之負壓操作式反渗透渡旗 系統之一反渗透據膜單元與一扣合單元的分解立體圖。 第3圖係為該膜支撐架的局部立體圖。 15 200911352 第4圖係為該實施例的組合剖視圖。 第5圖係為該導接盤之立體圖 導接盤鎖固該反滲透濾膜 第6圖係為該扣合單元之二 單元的局部立體圖。 第7圖係為該導接盤之嵌接卿與嵌合部相互嵌固的局 部放大圖。 第8圖係為該實施例放置於該廢水槽的局部剖視圖 弟圖係為本發明之另一實施例的局部剖視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100 :薄膜系統 110 :盤體 120 ： 膜支撐板 130 :濾板單元 131 ： 導接口 132 :穿孔 140 ： 導水管 150 :轴柱 160 ： 夾襯單元 170 :頂蓋 171 ： 排放口 180 :底蓋 181 ： 供水口 200 :反滲透濾骐單元 210 ： 膜支架板 211 :内環圈 212 ： 外環圈 213 :夾網 214 ： 定位柱 215 :間隔塊 216 ： 槽縫 220 :第一薄膜 16 200911352 221 :中心孔 223 :外緣 231 :中心孔 233 :外緣 300 :扣合單元 311 :導水孔 3 13 :嵌合部 3 14 :定位孔 320 :導接盤 322 :嵌接腳 323 :嵌合部 325 :環凹部 500 :頂蓋 520 ：唧水口 540 :鎖蓋 601 :排氣孔 611 :排氣孔 710 :產水孔 900 :導管 910 :廢水槽 930 :馬達 222 :内緣 230 :第二薄膜 232 :内緣 240 :空隙 310 :導接盤 312 :嵌接腳 3131 :凸點 315 :環凹部 321 :導水孔 3221 :凹穴 324 :定位孔 400 :水密單元 510 :端蓋 530 :泵浦 600 :底蓋 610 :端蓋 700 :容室 800 :插銷 900’ ：導管 920 :支撐架 940 :產水管 17200911352 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The present invention relates to a sewage filtration system, and particularly relates to a negative pressure operation type reverse osmosis which is easy to clean with low power and thin film and can avoid concentration polarization phenomenon. Filter system. [Prior Art] At present, the wastewater recovery method using membrane separation technology is one of the common methods in the industry. Especially in the tertiary treatment of drinking water advanced, it has a very good effect of solid-liquid separation. Therefore, in recent years, The technology of membrane systems for separation and purification has received increasing attention. The known types of film groups are mainly divided into two categories, one of which is a tubular thin medium such as spiral-wound, hollow-fiber and hollow, and the other It is a flat-sheet film in which the spiral type and the hollow fiber type ruthenium group have a high packing density, but the film is faced with suspended solids and rubber feathers in different water bodies. The group is easy to block, and in order to increase the throughput of the water generation, the flow of the water can only be increased by the addition of the membrane tube and the increase of the operating pressure, resulting in a bulky and costly increase in the membrane tube apparatus. The tube cannot be removed for cleaning or backwashing. As shown in FIG. 1, as for the flat film system 100, a membrane support plate 120 is mainly disposed between two films 110 (usually an RO film or a UF film) to form a film. A filter plate unit 130 that can accommodate a body of water inside. The filter plate unit 130 has a guide port 131 on the outer edge of the disk body 200911352 110 and is connected to a water conduit 140, and a through hole 32 which is always disposed in the center of the disk body 110. The perforated file 32 is slidable on a shaft column 150' and a sandwich membrane 100 is sandwiched between the two filter plate units 130 to form a laminated film system 100' and The inside of the film system 1 is formed with a sewage flow path which can be connected to the filter plate unit 70 130 layer by layer. In addition, a top cover 170 and a bottom cover 18A are respectively locked at both ends of the shaft column 150 to sandwich the filter plate unit 130 and the lining unit 16A to prevent water leakage. The bottom cover 18A has a water supply port 181'. The top cover 170 has a discharge port 171 which communicates with the sewage flow path. In this way, when the sewage is pumped into the sewage flow channel from the water supply port 181, the water body can be permeable to the filter membrane 11 into the filter plate unit 130 by the pushing of the water pressure, and each filter plate is The lead interface 131 of the unit 130 is connected to the external collection' and the concentrated waste liquid is discharged from the discharge port 171. However, the flat membrane filtration system has the following disadvantages in operation: 1. In order to increase the water production amount, the fluid operation pressure must be increased, but the membrane system 100 is only locked by the top and bottom covers 170, 180. The watertight effect is quite easy to cause water leakage. In contrast, in order to maintain the constant water flow, the operating pressure of the membrane system must be controlled at 15 to 30 kgw/cm2, and low pressure operation is not possible, and power loss is large. First, because only the operating pressure can be increased to increase the flow rate, plus the sewage is supplied by the layer-by-layer muscles. It is not a diffusion flow in the lateral flow (cr〇ss derivative (4)). Not only the filtration rate is reduced, but also the system The internal water volume 6 is concentrated by concentration concentration (concentration! polarization) at 200911352, which in turn produces sludge cake for sludge deposition. Therefore, the system needs to have a good pre-filtration procedure to protect the film from fouling and surface fouling. Third, the film is stacked and locked inside the system, and can not be flushed from the outside. The only way to clean the system is to remove the whole system, but it also causes the loss of the shutdown. In addition, PTA (terephthalic acid) is an important petrochemical intermediate material in China. Since PTA must be catalyzed by manganese acetate and cobalt acetate as contact coal during the oxidation process, it is used in wastewater. A large amount of heavy metals (cobalt and manganese) are produced. In addition to high heavy metal content, PTA wastewater also has high concentration of COD (cheinical oxygen demand), high water temperature, large change in pH value, and a large amount of TA (toluic). Acid) Characteristics of wastewater such as suspended particles... The conventional method for recycling and recycling PTA wastewater is generally to introduce cold water to cool the wastewater (about 40C Celsius) and then add appropriate chemicals such as acid, alkali oxidant or reducing agent. To adjust the PH value of PTA wastewater, and then remove heavy metal ions by various filtration devices (such as ion exchange resin tank), and finally use a reverse osmosis device (revwse osmosis, R0) for final desalination filtration treatment to make the discharge water quality Reach the standard of recycling. However, the general PTA wastewater treatment method is difficult to achieve good treatment effect, and the membrane tube of the reverse osmosis device is easily blocked by the by-product TA of PTA oxidation and a large amount of suspended particles generated by the chemical reaction. Therefore, how to solve the reverse osmosis The problem that the device cannot be cleaned and the film is easily clogged is an urgent problem to be solved in the industry. 200911352 [Summary of the Invention] The system of the negative pressure operation type reverse osmosis membrane provided by the m invention is placed in the sewage tank for membrane filtration, and does not require an external M tube or a conventional clamp-# ^ 丨扪 double / Lined with early enamel, the film can be washed externally with water column or rotation without disposing and dismantling to make it easy to clean, to solve the problem that the known flat-type transition unit must be disassembled for cleaning. The invention provides a negative pressure operation type reverse osmosis membrane system, which is a structure of a stacking fastening unit in the center of the membrane, which can be crusted without a shaft column, and has low operating pressure of the system, and is used without The leakage of water or sewage into the system is used to solve the problem that the known flat filter sheet s has poor watertightness and is prone to water leakage. The negative pressure operation type reverse osmosis membrane system provided by the present invention performs solid-liquid separation by sweeping the flat lamp on the surface of the membrane, and the rotation of the group or the flow of the liquid generates high shear stress reducing particles of the parallel filter surface. Adhesion, and the sewage is subjected to reverse osmosis separation in an open tank to avoid concentration polarization phenomenon' to solve the problem of serious deposition of filter cake caused by the concentration polarization phenomenon of the known flat filter unit. A vacuum operated reverse osmosis membrane system according to the present invention comprises a reverse osmosis membrane unit, a fastening unit, a watertight unit, a top cover and a bottom cover. Each of the reverse osmosis membrane units has a membrane support plate having a sandwich structure, a first film and a second film, and the first film is fixed on a top surface of the film support plate, and the second film is fixed. Provided on a bottom surface of the membrane support plate, the foregoing three can define a chamber for dialysis of the water supply body, and 200911352, and both of them have a water production hole extending in the axial direction and communicating with the chamber. Each of the fastening units is interlaced with the reverse osmosis membrane units and is mutually inlaid 'and has two guide plates attached to the reverse osmosis membrane unit and two are embedded in the guide a watertight member on the disc, each of the guide discs having - a water shutoff (four) water guiding hole, a plurality (four) pin and a plurality of fitting portions, each of the engaging legs penetrating through the water producing hole and the first Opposite the film, each of the fitting portions is opposite to the second film, and the guiding pads can be moved closer to the clamping position of the phase mat fitting portion by the engaging legs, and the drum legs are operated away from the phase When the guide plate of the adjacent guide plate is located at the position of (4), the reverse osmosis filter element can be kept in a watertight state. Each watertight component is respectively placed on the guide. The disk-outer edge and the film support plate. The top cover, which is stacked on the uppermost reverse osmosis membrane unit, has a water port that communicates with the water producing hole, and the water body that transmits the film through the negative pressure is led to the outside of the system. The bottom cover is stacked on the lowermost reverse osmosis membrane unit. The waste water flow direction of the invention forms a sweeping flow, has no concentration polarization phenomenon, and is not easy to cause fouling, so the deposition amount of the filter cake can be reduced, and the water leakage hole is not required, and the water leakage problem is not generated; in addition, the membrane surface can be directly washed from the outside. The sludge does not need to be removed in the whole group, which is not only convenient for cleaning, but also has a flawed surface to facilitate rapid cleaning. [Embodiment] ", 'Fig. 2 and Fig. 8' The negative pressure operation type reverse osmosis membrane system m of the present invention contains a plurality of reverse osmosis membranes single & 200911352 several fastening units 300, plural a watertight unit 4〇〇, a top cover 5〇〇 and a bottom cover 600. Referring to Figures 2 and 4, each of the plurality of reverse osmosis membrane units 200' has a membrane support plate having a sandwich structure. 21〇, a first film 220 and a second film 230. The foregoing three can define a chamber dialysis chamber 700 for water supply, and the three of the three further have an axial extension and communicate with the chamber 700. The water supply hole 71. Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the film support plate 21A has an inner ring 211, an outer ring 212 coaxial with the inner ring 211, and a connection thereto. a mesh 213 between the inner and outer rings 211, 212, a plurality of positioning posts 2丨4 protruding upward from the inner ring 211, and a plurality of spacer blocks extending outwardly from the outer ring 212 215, and a plurality of slits 216 extending in the radial direction and perpendicular to the water producing hole 710. The two ends of the slots 216 are bored by the water producing holes 71. 0 passes through the chamber 7〇〇. Referring to Figures 2 and 4, the first film 220 and the second film 230 are both reverse osmosis films, and further, in the present embodiment, low operating pressure is employed. Nanofiltration film (commonly known as NF film), and in order to reduce the adhesion of the film surface adsorption colloid and suspended particles, it is possible to add a hydrophilic group such as 〇H group or a SChH group to the surface of the film. Or the natural material 'hydrophilizes the film surface to reduce the adsorption of the film surface. Moreover, the first and second films 220, 230 respectively have a central hole 22, 23 1 , an inner edge 222, 232 and an outer edge 223, 233. The first film 22 is fixed on a top surface of the inner ring 211 and the outer ring 212 of the film support plate 21 by the inner edge 222 and the outer edge 223. The second film 230 is The inner edge 232 200911352 and the outer edge 233 are fixed on a bottom surface of the inner ring 211 and the outer ring 212 of the film support plate 210, and the first film 22 〇 and the second film 23 〇 are respectively supported by the film The plate 210 is formed with a gap 240. This gap 240 is in communication with the chamber 700 of the membrane holder plate 210. Figure 5 and Figure 5 each of the fastening units 3 具有 have a guide disc 3 丨〇, 320 ′ sandwiched between the upper and lower sides of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 2 并 and the reverse osmosis membrane The cells 2 are staggered and are mutually embedded. Each of the guiding disks 310 and 320 has a water guiding hole 311, 321 communicating with the water producing hole 710, a plurality of engaging legs 312, 322, and a plurality of fittings. The portions 313, 323 and the plurality of positioning holes 314, 324' corresponding to the positioning 枉 214 and the two ring recesses 3 丨 5, 325 near the outer edge. Each of the ring recesses 315, 325 is formed on the top and bottom surfaces of the guide pads 31, 32, respectively, and surrounds the engaging legs 312, 322, the fitting portions 313, 323, and the positioning holes. Outside of 314, 324. Referring to Figures 4 and 6, in each of the fastening units 300, the engaging legs 322 of the guiding plate 320 at the bottom are inserted into the water producing hole 710, the water guiding hole 311 and the first The film 22 is opposed to each other; the fitting portion 323 of the guide pad 320 at the bottom is opposed to the second film 23A. The guiding pads 310, 320 can be approached by the engaging legs 312, 322 to the cool position of the guiding portions 310 322, 323, 323, and operate as the engaging legs 312, 322 is away from the loose position of the adjacent guide discs 31 (), 32 () embedded portions 313, 323, and the adjacent guide discs 3i, located in the moxibustion position, can make the material reverse osmosis (4) The membrane unit is kept in a watertight state, which is in the clamping position in Fig. 6. 11 200911352 Refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7. As for the assembly, the guiding pad 320 at the bottom is abutted against the second film 230, and the engaging leg 322 is inserted into the water producing hole 71 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 200; The guiding pad 310 of the top portion abuts against the first film 22〇, and is rotated and displaced in the direction of the arrow of FIG. 6 so that the engaging leg 322 of the guiding plate 32〇 at the bottom is fixed to the top guiding plate 310. The rear joint 313. In addition, each of the legs 322 has a recess 3221, and each of the fitting portions 3丨3 has a bump 3131. When the engaging leg 312 is engaged with the fitting portion 313, the bump 3131 is The recess 3221 forms a stuck state to obtain a stable fixed position. Referring to Figures 2 and 4, each of the watertight members 4 is sandwiched between the annular recesses 315, 325 of the guide disks 310, 320 and the membrane support plate 21 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 200. Between and pressed against the inner edges 223, 233 of the first film 220 and the second film 230. This watertight element 400 is an annular gasket. Referring to Figures 4 and 8, after the reverse osmosis membrane units are stacked to form a group of membrane systems by means of the plurality of fastening units 310, 320, a plug can be used. 8〇〇 penetrates one of the positioning holes 314 of each of the guiding plates 310, 320 (the viewing angle is shown in Fig. 4, only the clamping hole 314 is seen) to ensure that each of the guiding plates 31, 320 and each of the opposing plates The osmotic membrane unit 200 is stacked. Referring to Fig. 8, the bottom cover 600 is stacked on the lowermost reverse osmosis membrane unit 200 and is locked by an end cap 61. The top cover 500 is stacked on the uppermost reverse osmosis membrane unit 2A and is locked by an end cap 510. The top cover 5 has a water port 52〇 communicating with the 12 200911352 water producing hole 710, and a negative pressure (pumping go) is used to guide the water passing through the film to the outside of the system via a duct 900. Another external conduit 900' is for venting. Referring to Figures 4 and 8, the negative pressure operation type reverse osmosis filtration membrane system of the present invention is placed in a waste water tank 910 by "immersion", and can be erected by a support frame 920. Further, air can be blown into the bottom of the groove (not shown) to increase the water body disturbance effect. At this time, the negative pressure is preferably 〇.5kgw/cm2 as the conduit 900 is applied with a negative pressure enthalpy. The water of the waste water tank 910 is permeated through the first film 220 and the first ruthenium film 230 into the chamber 700 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 2, and sequentially faces the water production hole 71 and the water guide hole. 311, 321 concentrated and flow out. In addition, in the present embodiment, each of the reverse osmosis membrane units 2 is closely connected to the watertight units 400 by the guide trays 310 and 320. Therefore, the water production pipe is not required, and the watertight effect is still obtained. No leakage problems. The concentrated waste liquid can be pumped again by a motor 930 and then returned to the waste water tank 910. Under such a cyclic operation, the user can periodically follow the increase of the sludge in the waste water tank 910. The sludge and solid suspended matter of the sinking hall are discharged from the bottom of the tank out of the tank, or the heavy metal at the bottom of the tank is recovered and reused. When the film surface material is sludge deposited, since the present invention has no external shell tube, the user can directly rinse the film surfaces of the first and second films 220 and 230 by using water pressure or rotating film groups, without the need for integral disassembly, which is convenient. clean. In addition, since the first film 220 and the second film 23 are nanofiltration (commonly known as NF film), the surface is smooth and difficult to accumulate particles, and 13 200911352 helps the rapid rinsing function, effectively extending the filter Service life. Through the above description, compared with the known flat membrane filtration system, water leakage is easy, water in the system is liable to cause concentration polarization to produce a deposition cake, and the problem must be cleaned after the entire disassembly; the negative pressure operation type of the present invention The reverse osmosis membrane system has the following functions and advantages: The entire filtration system can be directly placed in the lagoon for membrane filtration, without the need of an external shell tube or a conventional lining unit, so that the membrane can be directly externally water column or rotated Rinse, no need to stop and disassemble, to facilitate cleaning. Second, the filter membrane adopts the central interlocking fastening unit structure, which has a high intercepting surface area per unit volume. On the one hand, it can be combined without the shaft column, and the system operating pressure is low, no leakage or sewage infiltration during use. The flaw in the system. Second, the solid-liquid separation is carried out by a sweep parallel to the surface of the filter membrane, and the high shear stress of the parallel filter surface is used to reduce particle adhesion, and the sewage is subjected to reverse osmosis separation in the open tank, thereby suppressing the R0 membrane tube in the sealed state. The amount of cake deposited underneath, as well as avoiding concentration polarization, effectively extend the life of the filter. 4. The invention adopts the filter membrane of NF. In the process of filtration and separation, the operation is carried out by negative pressure, which can intercept the organic matter of small molecules, and, due to the low operating pressure, the inorganic salt can be dialyzed through the nanofiltration membrane to make the nanofiltration. The osmotic pressure is much lower than reverse osmosis. In this way, the applied pressure required for the nanofiltration process is much lower than that of reverse osmosis under the premise of ensuring a certain membrane flux, and has the advantage of saving power. It is worth mentioning that although the vacuum operated reverse osmosis membrane 200911352 system of the present invention can be used normally without using a water production pipe and does not leak water, this is suitable for a small water filter unit "applied to a large water supply system. Referring to FIG. 9 , a production water pipe 940 can be inserted through the water producing hole 710 and the water guiding hole 311 321 ′ of the reverse osmosis membrane system, and the top cover 500, the bottom cover 600, the end covers 510 and 610, and the like. The locking cover 540 is locked and connected to the water vent 520 and a venting opening 611 by the conduit 9 , and the venting opening 611 is connected to a venting opening 601 of the bottom cover 600 . The venting holes 〇1, 611 are in communication with the water producing hole 710 of the reverse osmosis membrane unit 200; the sluice port 520 is connected to the negative pressure to draw the water, and the venting holes 6 〇 1, 6 ιι The air conduction effect, the use case of the embodiment is the same as that of the above embodiment, and will not be described again. Although the present invention has been disclosed in the above two embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of protection is subject to the definition of the scope of the patent application attached. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The above and other objects, features, advantages and embodiments of the present invention will become more <RTIgt; A combined cross-sectional view. Fig. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a reverse osmosis membrane unit and a fastening unit of a negative pressure operation type reverse osmosis crossing flag system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a partial perspective view of the film support frame. 15 200911352 Fig. 4 is a combined sectional view of the embodiment. Figure 5 is a perspective view of the guide disk. The guide disk locks the reverse osmosis membrane. Fig. 6 is a partial perspective view of the second unit of the fastening unit. Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view showing the engagement of the engagement piece and the fitting portion of the guide plate. Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the embodiment in which the waste water tank is placed. Figure 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the present invention. [Main component symbol description] 100: film system 110: disk body 120: film support plate 130: filter plate unit 131: guide port 132: perforation 140: water conduit 150: shaft column 160: lining unit 170: top cover 171: Discharge port 180: bottom cover 181: water supply port 200: reverse osmosis filter unit 210: membrane support plate 211: inner ring 212: outer ring 213: mesh 214: positioning post 215: spacer block 216: slot 220: First film 16 200911352 221 : center hole 223 : outer edge 231 : center hole 233 : outer edge 300 : fastening unit 311 : water guiding hole 3 13 : fitting portion 3 14 : positioning hole 320 : guiding plate 322 : inlay Foot 323: fitting portion 325: annular recess 500: top cover 520: water sluice 540: lock cover 601: vent hole 611: vent hole 710: water supply hole 900: duct 910: waste water tank 930: motor 222: inner Edge 230: second film 232: inner edge 240: gap 310: guide pad 312: engagement leg 3131: bump 315: ring recess 321: water guiding hole 3221: recess 324: positioning hole 400: watertight unit 510: end Cover 530: Pump 600: bottom cover 610: end cover 700: chamber 800: latch 900': conduit 920: support Shelf 940: water production pipe 17