TW200903817A - Solar roof tiles and modules with heat exchange - Google Patents

Abstract

A photovoltaic tile and module with photovoltaic cell and a heat sink. The heat sink is attached on a side of the cell opposite to the light-receiving side of the photovoltaic cell and can remove heat caused by light absorbed by the photovoltaic cell but not converted to electricity as well as heat generated by electrical resistance. A photovoltaic tile or module formed of such cells can exhibit greater energy conversion efficiency as a result of the ability to dissipate the heat. The tiles can be arranged on a roof to protect the roof structure and generate electricity. Photovoltaic tiles comprising interlocking mechanical and electrical connections for ease of installation are described. The modules can be designed to place over an existing finished roof. Methods of making photovoltaic tiles and modules involve e.g., laminating a heat sink to a photovoltaic cell and/or injection molding.

Description

200903817 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: This application claims the following applications: December 11, 2006, entitled “Combined Solar Roof Tiles and Solar Panels with Thermal Energy Exchange” (Modular Solar Roof Tiles And Solar Panels) With Heat Exchange), US Provisional Application No. 60/874,313, April 19, 2007, titled "Modular Solar Panels With Heat Exchange" Application No. 11/788,456, May 18, 2007, the application name is "There is a solar roof panel and its manufacturing method (Solar Roof Tiles With

Heat Exchange and Methods of Making Thereof) 1 'US Application No. 1 1/804,656, filed April 19, 2007, entitled "Combined Solar Panel with Thermal Energy Exchange and Method of Making Same (Modular Solar Panels With Heat Exchange and Methods of Making Thereof)" US Application No. 11/788,703, May 18, 2007, application for "Interlocking Solar Roof Tiles With Heat Sink Exchange U.S. Application No. 1 1/804,695, filed on May 18, 2007, entitled "Solar Roof Tiles With Heat Exchange", US Application No. 11/804,657 US Application No. 1 1/804,399, which was filed on May 18, 2007, and called Photovoltaic Roof Tiles and Methods of Making Same, August 9, 2007 The name of the application "Cost Effective Heat Exchanger For Solar Panels and Roof Tiles" Provisional Application No. 127532.doc 200903817, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety in its entirety in its entirety in the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the the The safety concerns are widely welcomed around the world. Photovoltaic (pV) solar demand has increased by at least 25% annually over the past 15 years. Since the installation of MW last year (indicating an increase of 34% per year) and compared with 21 MW in 1985, the world Photovoltaic installations increased to 1460 MW (megawatts) in 2005. Solar energy growth has been concentrated on solar modules that are fixed on an existing roof. The roof provides direct exposure of solar radiation to a solar cell and for photovoltaic devices. Structural support. Despite the increasing growth, the widespread use of conventional roofs is too difficult and costly, lacking aesthetics and especially its low conversion efficiency. Many conventional roof fixed solar modules. The group consists primarily of a glass cover designed to protect fragile tantalum solar cells. These modules contain complex systems that separate mechanical and electrical interconnections, and then the mechanical and electrical interconnections are fixed in existing roofs, requiring considerable installation time and skill. In addition, because existing modules do not provide weather protection for the roof, homeowners are susceptible to the materials and labor costs of the modules and the protective roofing materials that hold them. Modules also invade the aesthetics of home and commercial buildings, resulting in limited use. - Some manufacturers have created more aesthetic and less obstructive solutions' but these systems are not price competitive primarily due to the difficulty of installation and poor overall area efficiency. Because a larger module area is required for a given energy requirement, a lower module efficiency level is associated with a higher cost of photovoltaic system 127532.doc 200903817. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of a typical crystalline 矽 roof fixed solar cell is large, spoon 13 / 〇. Some systems achieve efficiency gains by modifying, for example, using anti-reflective glass on the surface of the battery to reduce optical reflection, using textured glass on the surface of the battery to increase light capture, and using improved materials such as film tantalum or niobium alloys (up to 18 to 20%). Despite these improvements, solar conversion efficiency is still limited in part due to the temperature of the two solar cells. The efficiency of a photovoltaic device decreases as the temperature increases. Radiation on the battery is converted into heat energy, which limits the battery's power output and overall conversion efficiency. Manufacturing a system that removes thermal energy from photovoltaic cells will greatly increase overall efficiency. There is considerable interest and demand for a photovoltaic panel that solves the above problems. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This document describes various methods for producing solar energy modules and solar energy roof panels from the solar rafts and for manufacturing such solar modules and panels. Some of these panels have increased solar to electrical conversion efficiency and are both aesthetically pleasing and fully suitable for installation on unfinished roofs. Some panels minimize or prevent weather from reaching—the underlying material of the roof and together form one of the houses to complete the roof. Some of these panels are configured to attach directly to the slats or purlins for ease of installation. Some solar modules are both aesthetically pleasing and fully suitable for installation on conventional roofs. In one example, a photovoltaic module has a photovoltaic cell; a frame that holds the photovoltaic cells and is adapted to be attached to a finished roof; and 127532.doc 200903817 a heat sink that is used to Wait for the photovoltaic to remove the heat from the battery. The heat sink has fins that are parallel and parallel to one another along a heat sink base. The heat sink base has a thickness between 0.05 and 0 5", and the fins each have a height between 0.25 " and 7", one in 〇.〇5, and 1" The center-to-center spacing is between a width between 0 001 " and 〇.25" and the center-to-center spacing is sufficient to provide a passage between the fins for cooling air to enter. In the example, the heat sink base has a thickness between 〇1 " and 0.25" and the fins each have a height between 0.75" and 5", at 0.2" and 0.5" The center-to-center spacing and the width between 〇〇〇7, and 〇1" in another example, the heat sink base has a thickness between 〇1„ and 0.2” and such The fins each have a center between the 〇9" and 2", a center-to-center spacing between 0. 3" and 〇·4" and one between 〇.〇2" and 0.05" In other examples, the photovoltaic module has a thermal interface layer between the heat sink and the photovoltaic cell to improve In other examples, the module has a conformal coating on the photovoltaic cells. In other examples, the frame of the module does not extend beyond the base of the heat sink to allow unobstructed ambient air. Entering the fin of the heat sink. In other examples, the heat sink has a length, a thickness, a fin height, a fin pitch, and a fin width to maintain the photovoltaic cell at a static ambient air temperature of 70 Torr. At a temperature below about 150 ° F. In other examples, the heat sink has fins that are positioned substantially parallel to one of the long axes of the heat sink. In other examples, the fins are substantially vertical. Positioned on one of the long axes of the heat sink. 127532.doc 200903817 In other examples, the heat sink is positioned substantially parallel to the long axis of the photovoltaic module. In other examples, the heat sink is substantially vertical. In the other embodiment, the heat sink has a length sufficient to be more than 3/4 of the width of the module. In other examples, the heat sink has a length sufficient to span the module. More than 3/4 of the length. In other examples, the heat sink by the extrusion-based inscription and formed. In other instances, the radiator system, composed of a black anodized Shao. In other examples

The heat sink base is constructed of a thermally conductive polymer. In other examples, the 'shai heat sink base is constructed of an elastomer. In other examples, the fins are discontinuous along a long axis of one of the heat sinks to form an exhaust and an access passage. In other instances, the channels are adult glyphs. In one example, the method of manufacturing a photovoltaic module has the following steps: (4) placing a heat sink in the -steam so that one side of the heat sink contacts the fixture to expose an upper surface of the heat sink; (8) The upper surface

Place a force voltaic battery, (c) connect the photovoltaic cell to the heat sink; and (d) remove the heat sink from the fixture. In another form of solid wealth, the method includes laminating the heat sink. In another example, the method includes laminating an intermediate layer between the heat sink and the photovoltaic cell. In another example, the intermediate layer is a thermally conductive polymer. In another example, the polymer is an elastomer. In another example, the method includes reducing the gas pressure between the heat sink and the photovoltaic cell, preferably between 5 and 3 () minutes. In another example, the method includes increasing the temperature of 127532.doc -10- 200903817 between the heat sink and the photovoltaic cell to a preferred ratio of 125. 〇 to between l75t. In another example, the edge method includes increasing the temperature for 5 to 3 minutes. In another example, the 6-Hai method includes increasing the pressure between the heat sink and the photovoltaic cell, preferably between 0.5 and 5 atmospheres. In another example, the method includes increasing the pressure between the heat sink and the photovoltaic cell between 5 and 30 minutes. In another example, the method includes attaching a protective layer to the photovoltaic cell. In another example, the protective layer is a conformal coating. In one example, the method includes attaching a frame surrounding the photovoltaic cell, wherein the frame does not extend beyond the upper surface to allow ambient air to enter the heat sink unimpeded. In another example, the heat sink of the method consists of extruded aluminum. In another example, the heat sink is constructed of a conductive polymer. In another example, the heat sink has a plurality of fins that are substantially parallel to one another and the clamp includes a plurality of grooves that are complementary to the plurality of fins. In an example, the photovoltaic panel has a photovoltaic cell; a housing that is tuned to be attached to a roof and holds the photovoltaic cell while exposing the photovoltaic cell light along a first surface of the housing The receiving surface, and m, is electrically coupled to Yanhai Photovoltaic; one of the unexposed surfaces is also in thermal communication. The heat sink has a base that is positioned substantially parallel to the unexposed surface, and a plurality of fins attached to the base that are substantially parallel to each other. The base has a thickness between 0 05 " and 0·5", and the tabs each independently have a height between -25" and 7", between 〇 sand, and The center-to-center spacing is 127532.doc 200903817 degrees between 〇〇〇1" and 〇.25" and the center-to-center spacing is sufficient to provide a passage between the fins for cooling air enter. In another example, the photovoltaic panel has a thermal interface between the heat sink and the unexposed surface to improve heat dissipation. In another example, the heat sink has a length, a thickness, a tab height, a fin pitch, and a fin width to maintain the photovoltaic cell at less than about 15 at a static ambient air temperature of 7 °F. Under the temperature of 〇卞. In another example, the photovoltaic panel has an overhang along the first surface of the outer casing that is substantially parallel to a roof ridge. In another example, the photovoltaic panel has an overhang along the first surface of the outer casing that is substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. In another example, the plurality of fins are positioned in a direction substantially parallel to a roof ridge. In another example, the plurality of fins are positioned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the roof ridgeline. In another example, the heat sink is constructed of extruded aluminum. In another example, the heat sink is constructed of black anodized aluminum. In another example, the base is constructed of a conductive polymer. In another example, the conductive polymer is an elastomer. In another example, the fins are discontinuous along a long axis of one of the bases to form a row and entry channel. In another example, the channels are adult fonts. In another example, the base has a thickness between 〇1" and 〇25" and the fins such as §Hai independently have a height between 〇75" and 5", at 127532. Doc •12- 200903817 0.2"The center-to-center spacing between 〇_5" and the width between 〇〇〇7"and 〇丨". In another example, the photovoltaic panel is in A heat interface layer is disposed between the heat sink and the unexposed surface to improve heat dissipation. In another example, the plurality of fins are positioned in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge line. In another example, The heat sink is constructed of extruded aluminum. In another example, the photovoltaic panel has a thickness between 〇1 " and 〇2" and the fins each independently have a 〇9, , the height between 2,, the center-to-center spacing between 0·3 and 〇·4" and the width between 〇.〇2" and 〇_〇5" in another example The photovoltaic panel has a thermal interface layer between the heat sink and the unexposed surface to improve heat dissipation. In another example, the plurality of fins are positioned in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. In another example, the heat sink is constructed of extruded aluminum. In one example, a plurality of photovoltaics The panel includes: a first photovoltaic panel having a photovoltaic cell; an outer casing adapted to be attached to a roof and holding the photovoltaic cell and exposing the photovoltaic cell along a first surface of the casing a light receiving surface; a heat sink that is in thermal communication with a surface of the photovoltaic cell opposite the light receiving surface, and a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector attached to the first a photovoltaic panel, a second photovoltaic panel having a photovoltaic cell; an outer casing adapted to be attached to a roof and holding the photovoltaic cell and exposing the photovoltaic along a first surface of the casing a light receiving surface of the battery; a heat sink connected to a surface 127532.doc •13·200903817 of the photovoltaic receiving battery; and a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector Attached to the second photovoltaic panel, wherein the first electrical connector of the first panel matches the second electrical connector of the second panel and when matched, the first panel An electrical connection and the second electrical connector of the second panel are configured to prevent the first panel from rotating independently of the second panel. In another, the first-photovoltaic panel and the The second photovoltaic panel is identical. In another example, each electrical connector is independently a male or female connector. In another example, each electrical connector is independently a protruding or receptacle connector. In one example, the first electrical connector of the first panel is configured to match the second electrical connector of the second panel in a direction parallel to a roof ridge line. In the other embodiment - the first electrical connector of the first block is configured to match the second electrical connector of the second panel in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. In another example, each photovoltaic cell is a thin film photovoltaic cell. In another example, each photovoltaic panel has a thermal interface between the heat sink and the unexposed surface to improve heat dissipation. In another example, each of the heat sinks is configured to maintain its corresponding photovoltaic cell at a temperature of less than about 15 seconds in ambient air at a temperature of 70 Torr. In another example, each photovoltaic panel comprises an overhang along the first surface of the housing that is substantially parallel to the roof ridge 127532.doc -14.200903817. In another example, each photovoltaic panel has an overhang along a first surface of the outer casing that is substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. In another example, each heat sink has a base that is positioned substantially parallel to a surface opposite the light receiving surface such as *hai; and a plurality of fins attached to the base that are substantially parallel to each other. In another example, the fins are positioned in a direction substantially parallel to a roof ridge. In another example, the fins are positioned in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge line. In another example, the fins are discontinuous along a long axis of one of the associated bases to form an exhaust and an intake passage. In another example, the channels are adult glyphs. In another example, each heat sink is constructed of metal. In another example, the metal is extruded from aluminum. In another example, the metal is a black anodized. In another example, each heat sink is constructed of a conductive polymer. In another example, the conductive polymer is an elastomer. In one example, the photovoltaic panel has a photovoltaic cell; a housing that holds the cell and exposes the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell; and a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector Attached to the photovoltaic panel. The outer casing is attached for attachment to a roof and the outer casing has a thermally conductive polymer that is in thermal communication with an unexposed surface of the photovoltaic cell. In another example, the outer casing of the photovoltaic cell has a second polymer adjacent the first polymer. 127532.doc -15· 200903817 In another example, the first electrical connector of the photovoltaic panel matches one of the electrical connectors of a second photovoltaic panel. When mated, the first electrical connector of the first panel and the electrical connector of the second panel are configured to prevent the first panel from rotating independently of the second panel. In other examples, the first photovoltaic panel is identical to the second photovoltaic panel. In another example, each electrical connector is independently a male or female connector. In another example, each electrical connector is independently a protruding or receptacle connector. In another example, the first electrical connector of the first panel is configured

The electrical connectors of the adjacent panels are mated in a direction substantially parallel to a roof ridge. In another example, the first electrical connector of the panel is configured to match the electrical connectors of adjacent panels in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. In another example, the photovoltaic panel has an overhang along a first surface of the outer casing that is substantially parallel to a roof ridge. In another example, the photovoltaic panel has an overhang along a first surface of the housing that is substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. In another example, the photovoltaic cell is a thin film photovoltaic cell. In another example, the thermally conductive polymer is formed into a plurality of fins that are positioned substantially parallel to one another. In another example, the fins are discontinuous along the long axis of the base to form an exhaust and a passage. In another example, the channels are adult glyphs. The following method is used for the first polymer injection in another example, the photovoltaic panel is formed by: placing a photovoltaic cell in a mold; 127532.doc -16-200903817 in the module; And removing the polymer from the mold and the battery. In another example, the first polymer of the process is a thermally conductive polymer. In another example, the method includes injecting a second polymer into the mold. In another example, the first polymer is in thermal communication with the surface opposite the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell when the first polymer is injected into the mold. In another example, the first polymer of the method forms a casing that holds the photovoltaic cell and exposes the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell, wherein the peripheral device is S-shaped to be fixed on the roof. . In another example, the second polymer of the method forms a light receiving surface that retains the photovoltaic cell and exposes the photovoltaic cell, wherein the outer casing is adapted to be attached to a roof. In another example, the photovoltaic cell of the method has a metal heat sink that is attached to a surface opposite the light receiving surface. In another example, the photovoltaic panel of the method has an electrical connector, wherein when the matching, the electrical connector of the photovoltaic panel and the electrical connector of the LED are configured to The photovoltaic panel is prevented from rotating independently of the second panel. In another example, sufficient thermal energy and pressure are used when injecting the first polymer to allow for thermal contact between the first polymer and the photovoltaic cell. In another example, the method includes cooling the mold. 127532.doc • 17- 200903817 In one example, a photovoltaic panel is fabricated by " placing a heat sink in a fixture such that a lower surface of the heat sink contacts the fixture and exposes the heat sink One of the upper surfaces; a photovoltaic cell adjacent to the upper surface; the photovoltaic cell and the heat sink; the heat sink removed from the fixture; and an outer casing formed around the photovoltaic cell. In another example, the step of joining the photovoltaic cell to the heat sink comprises laminating. In another example, the laminating step includes providing a thermal interface layer between the upper surface and the photovoltaic cell. In another example, the laminating step includes laminating the heat sink, the intermediate layer, and the photovoltaic cell layer. In another example, the intermediate layer is a thermally conductive polymer. In another example, the thermally conductive polymer is an elastomer. In another example, the laminating step includes reducing ambient pressure between the upper surface and the photovoltaic cell. In another example, the ambient pressure is reduced for between 5 and 30 minutes. In another example, the laminating step includes increasing the temperature between the upper surface and the photovoltaic cell. In another example, the temperature is increased to between 125 °C and 175 °C. In another example, the temperature is increased for between 5 and 3 minutes. In another example, the laminating step includes increasing the pressure between the upper surface and the photovoltaic cell. In another example, the pressure is increased to between 至5 and 5 atmospheres. In another example, the pressure is increased for between 5 and 30 minutes. In another example, the heat sink is constructed of extruded aluminum. 127532.doc -18- 200903817 In another example, the heat sink is constructed in another example... #conductive polymer. On the pool. In another example, the ± ^ protective layer in the photovoltaic powering example 'the protective layer is - conformal coating. In another example, the diffuser and the centering device comprise "..." mutually parallel positioning tabs for the complementary grooves of the 4 fins. The invention is understood in conjunction with the drawings and the patent application. The description will be more clear [Embodiment] ^ Column = is presented for the knowledge of the person skilled in the art to be able to implement and utilize the description of the materials, techniques and applications. This is provided as an example only. It is to be understood that the various general principles of the present invention described herein may be applied to other (four) and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. These examples are shown, but are consistent with the scope of the accompanying patent application. Photovoltaic photovoltaic (PV) modules are typically packaged interconnected solar cells that surround a frame, a substrate, and a material cover. Groups may be relatively large in size and designed for many applications, such as installation on existing roofs without necessarily providing primary protection for the roof, as well as other non-roof applications such as field trackers. Photovoltaic (PV) panels It is usually a smaller photovoltaic device designed to simulate and/or replace roofing blocks to provide energy conversion and environmental protection of the roof. Figure 1A illustrates a photovoltaic (Pv) module of the present invention 丨〇〇 An example of M. Photovoltaic module 1 00-M includes interconnected photovoltaics positioned in a frame 12〇_M 127532.doc -19- 200903817 One of the 110-M photovoltaic arrays, the frame is adjustable The module is fixed on a finished roof. "The photovoltaic cells are positioned in the frame 12"_M to allow the light receiving surface of a battery to be exposed to solar radiation. FIG. 1B illustrates one of the photovoltaic devices of the present invention. An example of a PV panel 1. The photovoltaic panel 100 includes one or more photovoltaic cells 110 positioned within a housing 120. The housing may be horizontally located on an unfinished roof surface relative to the length of the roof. The battery is positioned within the housing 12 to allow exposure of a light receiving surface to solar radiation. When a plurality of photovoltaic cells are housed within or on the panel, each battery can be electrically connected to an adjacent battery. Module or board Each of the photovoltaic cells may be any of the current or future developments in the technology, such as a wafer-based photovoltaic cell, a thin-film photovoltaic cell, or a conductive polymer that converts photons into electricity. Such batteries are well known and include wafer-based cells formed on a single crystal, polycrystalline or polycrystalline germanium or ribbon germanium substrate. A thin film photovoltaic cell may contain amorphous germanium, polycrystalline germanium. , nanocrystalline germanium, microcrystalline germanium, cadmium telluride, selenized/copper indium sulfide (CIS), copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), an organic semiconductor or a light absorbing dye. Each photovoltaic cell may be in any shape. (eg square, rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, triangular, circular or diamond) and located in or on one of the surfaces of a module or panel. Photovoltaic cells in a module or panel are The recess in the frame is substantially only the top surface of the battery is exposed to the light source. A photovoltaic cell on a stack or panel is placed directly on top of the frame, and substantially only the bottom surface is not exposed to the source. I27532.doc -20- 200903817 Photovoltaic modules and plates with heat sinks The photovoltaic modules and plates (shown in Figures 1A & 1B, respectively) may optionally include one or more heat sinks 13〇-^1 and 130, in thermal communication with the unexposed surfaces of the photovoltaic=cell surfaces and 110 to dissipate waste heat from the cells. Fig. 2A shows a detailed partial view of a attached heat sink having fins. Each of the heat sinks can include a base 2 that is attached to the flat surface of the unexposed surface of the solar cells, and a plurality of (four) sheets 21 that extend substantially perpendicular to a larger surface of the base. Each piece may protrude from the base parallel to a phase of the fin. The base and Μ can be constructed separately and later connected, “constructed from the same material source as a whole. Figure 2A shows a similar detailed view of one of the attached heat sinks, wherein the heat sink has a truncated cone. Each heat sink can include a base attached to a flat surface of the unexposed surface of the solar cells, and a plurality of truncated cones 211 extending substantially perpendicular to a larger surface of the base. The heat sink may be in direct physical contact with the solar cells or may have - or multiple intermediate layers. An intermediate layer example is an intermediate thermal interface layer 2: tantalum, which may be made of materials used in the art, such as thermally conductive grease or adhesives (e.g., conductive epoxy, lithograph or terracotta or a middle Conductive polymer (for example, a thermal conductive polymer nylon 6-6 and/or a polyphenylene sulfide from Cool p〇lymers, such as one or more metal fillers if necessary). The thermal interface layer may Any of the materials commonly used in the art (e.g., ethyl methacrylate _), polyester, τ*8, EPT). The thermal interface layer may be composed of a material that is both electrically and thermally conductive. 127532.doc •21 - 200903817 The "," layer may be a thin layer of polymer that is not thermally conductive, n its thickness - sufficient rate Conducting thermal energy, so it is considered to be heat transfer, and the other layer may exist separately or in addition to the intermediate thermal interface layer (for example, one or more electrically insulating layers). The intermediate layer may simultaneously contact the (etc.) solar cell and Both of the heat sinks.

The base 200 and the tab 21〇 (or the cone 211) of each heat sink can be independently composed of a thermal conductive material, such as a knot or a alloy (for example, 6063 aluminum alloy, 6061 Shao alloy, and 6〇〇5 alloy). ), copper, graphite or conductive polyCT (for example, a conductive elastomer available from, for example, C〇〇1 p〇lymers, Inc.), and may be in any color 'eg blue, black, color, gray or brown. Dark color improves heat dissipation. Can be anodized or plated - a heat sink made of metal. The heat sink can be constructed by conventional manufacturing techniques, such as extrusion, casting or injection molding, or a combination of manufacturing techniques can be used to construct a composite heat sink (e.g., aluminum fins molded into a conductive polymer base). In some instances, the efficiency with which the heat sink reduces the temperature of the photovoltaic cell may depend on the heat transfer characteristics of the heat sink and the amount of contact achieved between the surface of the heat sink and the photovoltaic cell. In other embodiments, the efficiency with which the heat sink reduces the temperature of the photovoltaic cell may depend on the surface geometry of the heat sink and the amount of convection. 2A and 2B illustrate the dimensions of a heat sink 130 attached to a photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel. The base 200 has a thickness designated as t. The fins 210 or truncated cones 211 independently have a height designated h, a center-to-center spacing designated as s, and a width (in the case of fins) or an inner diameter designated as w (in In the case of a truncated cone). The width of any fin is 127532.doc -22· 200903817 ', or less than 0.5", or less or less than 0.1", or less than or less than 0.005", or small ^ can be independently less than 1 inch, or less than o .75 于〇.3", or less than 〇·2”, or less than 0.15", 〇·〇5 or less than 0.025", or less than μ1 μ, 〇.〇〇25, or less than G.00 1, 1, or between 0.001" and 0.25", or between 0.002 and 〇 '1", or between "and G()75", or between 〇·〇6" Or between 0 02" and 〇〇5", or 〇〇2". The height 11 of any fin may be independently greater than 〇_1", or greater than 0.25", or greater than 5.5", or

Greater than 0.75", or greater than 丨", or greater than 2", or greater than 35", or between 〇25" and 7", or between 0.5" and 6", or at 〇.75,, and 5 Between, or between 0.8' and 2.5" or between &9" and 2, or between &9" and 125", or 1. The center-to-center spacing s between the fins may be independently between 0.05" and 1", or between 〇〇75" and 〇9", or between 〇丨, 〇8Π, or Between 0.2" and 0,7'', or between 2·2" and 〇_5, or between 0.25" and 0.45", or between 〇·25" and 〇.4" Or between 〇.3" and 〇.4", or between 0.3" and 0.45" or between 0.35" and 0.4'. The thickness t of the base of each heat sink may independently be less than 1", or less than 〇·7 5 ”, or less than 0.5", or less than 〇·4", or less than 0.3", or less than 〇·2", or Less than 0.15", or less than ι·ι", or less than 0.05", or between 〇.〇5" and 〇5", or between 0.075" and 0.35", or between 0.1" and 0.25" Between, or between 0.1” and 0.2'|, or 0.1", or 0.15,, or 0.2". The ratio of center-to-center spacing (4) to fin height (h) (ie s/h) may Independently 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.5, 0.6, 0.65, 0.7, or between 0.1 and 〇.7, or between 0.15 and 0.5, or at 0.2 Between 0.4, or between 〇.2 and 0.35, or between 0.25 and 0.3. Any 127532.doc -23- 200903817 fins may be the same size or different from other fins on the same heat sink Dimensions. The size of any fin or base may be the same or different from that of other heat sinks. All radiator bases on a panel or module may be the same size. All heat sink fins of all heat sinks on a panel or module may be the same size. All heat sink fins of a different heat sink may be the same size. All fins of a heat sink may have the same height. The height of all the fins of the device may be different. The average of all the fins of a heat sink may be any of the above dimensions. The average center-to-center spacing of all the fins of a heat sink may be any of the above dimensions. The average width of all fins may be any of the above dimensions. The size of each heat sink may independently be any combination of the above dimensions, such as W between 〇_〇〇2" and (M", h is 〇 Between 75" and 5", 8 is between 〇2|| and 0.5", and t is between u" and 〇25"; ~ between 〇〇〇1" and ου", h is 〇.75 Between "with 5", 5 between 〇2" and 〇5", and between 〇1" and 0.25"; between 〇_〇2 and 0.051', h at 0.75" Between 5", s between 0.2" and 〇.5", and between "and 〇25"; ~ at 〇〇〇2&quot Between 〇·Γ', h is between 0_25” and 7", s is between 〇_2" and 〇.5", and weeping is between 1" and 0.25";w at 0_002" "〇", w〇9" and 2,, between $〇2" and 0.5", and t between (μ" and 〇25"; in 〇〇〇2,, with Between 0.1", h is between 0.75" and 5", between e〇.〇5n", and (between, s is between 0.3" and 0.4", while #0",, and 〇·25&quot Between; between 0.002" and 0.1" between 'h at 0.75" and 5" 's between 0.2" and 0.5", and t between 0.05" and 0.5"; ~ between 〇〇〇2" and 〇",, h between 〇75" 127532.doc -24· 200903817 and 5", s between 〇·2" and 〇.5" 1, between and 〇 2".

The heat sink can be designed such that the first volume (defined as one volume of a heat sink, including its associated heat sink base) is a percentage of a second volume (defined as from the base of the heat sink - top The downwardly protruding surface area and - the first dimension of the volume '纟 is defined as the least squares of the height from each of the protrusions (eg, cones, fins, etc.) on the heat sink base) . For example, if all the protrusions of the heat sink: the inch is equal, then the volume of the heat sink base will be the product of the base volume of the heat sink plus the volume of each protrusion and the number of protrusions; and the second volume will The top-down downward protruding surface area of the heat sink base (for example, the width X length in the case where the heat sink base is rectangular) is multiplied by the height of the protrusion (ie, the third size). If the height of the protrusions in a heat sink is different, the least squares of all protrusion heights will determine the third size used in the above example. The volume percentage is the first volume divided by the second volume xl00. The volume percentage may be, for example, between 10% and 50%, between 15% and 45%, between 20; and 40%, between 253⁄4 and 35%, between 20% and 30%. Between 25% and 30%, between 30% and 35%, between 35〇/〇 and 40%, between 40% and 45%, between 45% and 50%, 20% and 25. Between / 15% and 20%, between 1% and 15%, between 10% and 20%, at 15 ° /. Between 25%, between 25% and 35%, between 30% and 40%, between 35% and 45%, between 40% and 50%, between 10% and 25% Between 15% and 30%, between 20% and 35〇/〇, between 25% and 40%, between 30% and 45%, between 35% and 50%, at 1 〇% vs. 12.5%, between 12.5% and 15%, between 127532.doc •25·200903817 15/〇 and 17.5%, between 17.5% and 2〇〇/0, at 2〇〇 Between /0 and 22.5%, between 22.5% and 25%, between 25% and 275%, between 27.5% and 30%, at 30. /. Between 32.5%, between 325% and 35%, between 35% and 37.5%, between 37% and 40%, between 4% and 425%, at 42.5% and 45. Between %, between 45〇/〇 and 47.5% or between 475% and 50%.

For example, a long axis of the fin may be substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular to a long axis of the base. The substantially parallel lines form less than one turn on the two reference axes. The angle of the real negative is formed at 85 on a reference axis. With 95. When the angle is between. A long axis is an axis parallel to the longest straight edge of the reference object. Implied - long axis without reference to any axis. The fins can continue to travel continuously along most or all of the length of the base. The fins may not all form a (four) (four) louver (e.g., a fan-shaped orientation) relative to the long axis of the heat sink, such that the air is free to pass through most of the channels formed by adjacent fins regardless of the wind direction. 'The fin surface may also have features such as ridges or bumps that help cause vortices in the air flowing through the rafts to aid convection 0 - or multiple heat sinks may, for example, be substantially parallel or substantially perpendicular to the The long axis of the plate or module is positioned and can span a portion or the entire length or width of the plate or film. Similarly, multiple heat sinks may be cascaded with or without intermediate space to span portions or the entire length or width of the panel or module as needed. In one variation, a heat sink is of sufficient length to span more than three-quarters of the length of the panel or module. In another variation, a device has a length sufficient to span the width of the panel or module to 127532.doc -26 - 200903817. In some variations, the different heat sinks on the panel will be positioned substantially perpendicular to each other. In another variation, a 翠_ radiator is positioned to cover most of the unexposed surfaces of the photovoltaic cell. The heat sink can also be located on the sides and/or top of the panel to increase convection and cooling efficiency. A heat sink may be a variety of (4) designs that provide increased heat transfer. For example, as shown in Figure 2C, the fins may include cracks in their length, for example, to create a channel across the tabs (or equivalent) to provide additional openings to the interior of the diffuser and to increase airflow to the Wait for internal fins. The channel may be of any pattern, such as a cross-cut, chevron or wavy shape. Other fins, such as pyramids (including truncated pyramids), cylindrical, square turns, or cones (including truncated cones) may be replaced with other heat sinking shapes attached to the base. Other shapes (e.g., truncated cones) may be aligned in parallel columns and rows across the length and width of the heat sink, respectively, or may be spaced across the length and width j of the (four) device in staggered parallel columns and rows. The use of a truncated cone allows wind flow from any direction to contribute to convection of the heat sink and increase cooling of the photovoltaic panel or module. These heat dissipating shapes (e.g., truncated cones) may be hollow (as shown in Figures 11 and 12). The hollow heat sink shape allows for efficient heat transfer of the heat transfer while reducing the amount of polymer, heat transfer polymer and/or additives to reduce production costs. The heat dissipating shapes (e.g., empty truncated cones) may combine one or more UV stabilizers, one or more ', [疋A and 7 or thermally conductive particles (such as the metal fillers described herein). Figure 11 depicts an exemplary and bulk embodiment of a heat sink including a truncated cone 11-1. The truncated cones may have a height (8), a width (W), a wall thickness (wt), a _ bottom width (four), a center-to-center spacing of 127532.doc -27-200903817 (s), and may be attached to A base u_2 having a thickness (1). As shown in Figure u, the truncated cones may be hollow from the top of each cone to the top of each cone (and completely hollow through the top of each cone as needed) to reduce production costs. In one example of the specific embodiment illustrated in Figure 11, the heat sink includes a base having a thickness (t) of about 3 mm; a hollow truncated cone having a length of from about 18 min to about 25 mm. Height (h), a width (w) of from about 2.5 mm to about 3 mrn, a bottom width (bw) of from about 3.8 mm to about 5 mm, a wall thickness (wt) of about 3 mm, and a thickness of about 6 mm Center-to-center spacing (s); and wherein the truncated cones are aligned in staggered parallel columns and rows. In some examples, the base 丨丨_2 may have a surface size of approximately 15"multiplied by 15". The heat sink may be made of, for example, Nylon 1020, Nylon 1040, Nylon 1240 > Froton 6165A, Froton 6165D or polyphenylene sulfide sulfide or any of the other polymers described herein and may comprise one or more ultraviolet rays Stabilizer and/or one or more heat stabilizers "The truncated cones may include channels" across the width of one or more cones to allow for increased ambient air ingress. The heat sink can comprise any thermally conductive material (such as the metal fill described herein). In some examples, 'selectable height (h), width (w), wall thickness (wt), bottom width (bw), center The center-to-center spacing (s), thickness (1), amount of material transferred, and/or polymer type maintains efficient heat dissipation of the truncated cones relative to the non-hollow truncated cone. Figure 12 depicts another exemplary embodiment of a heat sink including a truncated cone 12-1. The truncated cones may have a height (h), a width (w), a bottom width (bw), a center-to-center spacing (4), and may be attached to 127532.doc -28-200903817 with a thickness (1) The base 12-2. As shown in Fig. 12, the truncated cones may be hollowed down from the top of each cone through the center of each cone to reduce production costs. The hollow bore configuration allows for increased surface area of the truncated cones to promote heat dissipation from the heat sink. The hollow bore 12-3 shown in Fig. 12 may be a strange bore diameter (bd), or may vary in diameter (e.g., as the bore is closer to the heat sink base, the diameter decreases). In one example of the specific embodiment illustrated in Figure 12, the heat sink includes a base having a thickness (t) of about 3 mm; a hollow truncated cone having a height of about 18 111111 to about 25 mm. Height (h), a width (w) of about 2.5 mm to about 3 mm, a bottom width (bw) of about 3.8 mm to about 5 mm, and a center-to-center spacing (s) of about 6 mm; and wherein Equally truncated cones are aligned in staggered parallel columns and rows. In some examples, the base 丨 2_2 may have a surface dimension of approximately 15" by 15". The heat sink may be made of, for example, Nyi〇n 1020, Nylon 1040, Nylon 1240, Froton 6165A, Froton 6165D or polyphenylene sulfide sulfide or any of the other polymers described herein and may comprise one or more UV stabilizer and / or one or more thermal stabilizers. The truncated cones may include passages across the width of one or more cones to allow for increased ambient air ingress. The heat sink can comprise any thermally conductive material (e.g., a metal filler as described herein). In some examples, height (h), width (w), pore diameter (bd), bottom width (bw), center to center spacing (S), thickness (t), amount of material transferred, and/or polymer may be selected. The type dissipates heat efficiently by maintaining the truncated cones relative to the non-hollow truncated cone. The heat sinks described in Figures 11 and 12 can be used with any of the light 127532.doc -29. 200903817 voltaic panels or modules described herein. Comparing a battery that lacks the heat sink, the heat sink can be configured to use a static air at a standard temperature and pressure with an 8 〇〇, 1000 W*m_2 or 1200 W*m·2 individual or any The combined white light illuminance (E) reduces the temperature of a photovoltaic cell by at least 1, at least two.匸, or at least 5 C, or at least 7 ° C, or at least 10 ° C, or at least, or at least 15 C, or at least 20 ° C. The size, number and spacing of the fins, the size of the base portion, and the heat sink construction materials can be selected based on the desired temperature reduction over the equivalent ρν battery. The heat sink can be configured to maintain the photovoltaic cell in a temperature of less than about 175 °F, or less than about 16 〇卞, or less than about 1 50 F, or low in 7 (TF temperature ambient air) At or below about 14 〇卞, or below about 120 °F, or below about 110 卞, or below about 1 〇〇卞, or below about 90 °F, or below At about 80 。. Comparing a battery that lacks the heat sink, the heat sink can be configured to cool the air at a standard temperature and pressure with an 8 〇〇W*m-2, 1000 W*m 2 or 1200 w*m·2 of individual or any combination of white light irradiance (E), the monthly b畺 conversion efficiency (defined by the equation: η = (Ρη / (ΕχΑ.)), where Pm Maximum electric power (in watts), £ is the input light irradiance (in W*m) and the surface area of the Ae solar cell (in m2) or the total area efficiency of a photovoltaic cell (which can be achieved by current (1) and/or A voltage (v) relative change or a relative change in the I and V product is defined) an increase of at least 〇. 5 %, or at least 1%, or at least 1.5%, or at least 2%, or at least 2.5%, or at least 3%, or at least 35%, or at least 4%, or 127532. doc • 30- 200903817 at least 4·50/〇, or at least 5〇/0, or f, 丨ς 4 has up to 5.5%, or at least 6%, or at least 6.5%, or at least 7%, or at least 75%, or at least 8%, or at least 8.5%, or at least 9%, or at least 95%, Or at least 10%. If desired, the heat sink can be affected by the forced air flow provided by the component (eg, one or more fans) to increase the airflow over the heat sink and increase the cooling utility of the voltaic battery. The fan can deliver forced air to the heat sink by direct exposure or through a ramp system. As shown in FIG. 1A, a photovoltaic module may have a frame (4) having a screw hole and a tongue. A fixture and/or electrical connection # is suitable for securing the module in a frame that is attached to a finished roof such that thermal energy from the solar cells can be dissipated into the ambient air. The frame can surround the photovoltaic cells and surround the possible phases as needed Additional layers present in the battery. It is preferred for the roof to be fixed that the frame of the modular blocks has little or no access to the heat sinks 13〇_M so that relatively cool air can flow freely through the cooling fins. In an experiment, blocking access to the heat sink via a frame resulted in reduced photovoltaic efficiency. Figure 1A illustrates that the fins are not in the frame between the fins, such that air can pass through the channels that are not obstructed by the frame. (For example, allowing horizontal access to the heat sink.) The frame may include a flange or lip 1〇2_M (straight or curved), as shown in Figure 1A, oriented to direct air to flow upwards as it exits the module The radiator. This feature prevents hot air generated by a heat sink from entering the adjacent module. Similarly, a flange or lip can be oriented to force cold air to flow over a module or adjacent module into a heat sink. One of the features of this orientation 127532.doc •31 · 200903817 may be particularly useful for entering the underside of a module with minimal cool air. Take a cool air radiator away in a single frame. Inter-space configuration of multiple modules allows for the incorporation of multiple flanges and/or flanges into a heat sink and provides hot air from a desired 'pin 14' to allow for processing The module is set on a flat surface during and prior to installation, thereby limiting the weight of the module 1 〇〇 Μ and preventing the fins from being shrunk. The pin 1 pick can also be used to secure the module to a surface, such as a roof. The clerk may be sufficient to raise the module from the surface to which it is fixed a sufficient distance so that air passes through the fin and flows freely under and through the channel to touch the fins The similar configuration of the roof surface provides improved energy conversion efficiency. The frame 120-M and the chat 14 are independently constructed from one or more materials capable of supporting the photovoltaic module, such as a metal (eg, aluminum), ceramic, glue, composite, or polymer (eg, Conductive polymer). The frame and heat sink can be constructed as a mold from a conductive polymer, if desired. The frame may have an extended configuration to cover the heat sink, and the frame may also include a screen or punch along the sides to allow air to flow to the heat sinks. The frame of the insertable module generally has a foot pad which is particularly adapted to be fixed to a common roofing material, such as a composite roofing or a wood slat that forms a roof structure portion having a height such that the heat sink of the module The tab just touches or just above the surface (eg, the roof) that secures the rack. Or 'the rack can raise the module a sufficient distance on the roof so that air can flow from underneath the passages between the fins and through the ground fully from 127532.doc -32- 200903817 Provides improved efficiency over similar configurations of one of the fins touching the roof. A photovoltaic module can be used, for example, 3 inches, 4 inches, 5 inches, 6 inches, 7 inches, 8 inches, 9 inches, 1 inch, or 1 meter, i 5 It is formed by a standard length of 2.5 meters, 3 meters, 3.5 meters or 4 meters. The photovoltaic module can be used (for example, 1 inch, 15 inches, 2 inches, 2 to 5 inches, 3 inches, 4 inches, 45 inches, 5 inches, or 25 meters, 〇5 m, 〇, 75 m, 1 m, 1 gt; 25 m, 丨 _ 5 m, 丨 75 m or 2 m of standard width to form. Photovoltaic modules generally contain 3, 6, arranged in columns and rows, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 25, 36, 45, 50, 42, 48, 54, 60 or 72 PV cells ^ pv The battery can be configured, for example, 4χ9, 6x8, 6x9, 6x12, or 8x12. In a single heat sink across a plurality of instances of a PV cell contact battery within a module, a module can have, for example, from five Up to ten radiators. A typical PV module may have an overall width between 3 5 ” and 4 〇", an overall length between 50, and 60”, with a 6χ9 configuration of PV A battery and 9 heat sinks, each spanning a row of photovoltaic cells across the width of the module. When viewing the solar cell side of the module that can see the light receiving surface of these cells ("top-down") The width of a module is the short axis or the shortest distance between the opposite walls of the frame. The row can span the width of the module, and the column spans the length of the stack. In another configuration, a photovoltaic module may have a The overall width between 35" and 40", an overall length between 45" and 55", a 6x8 configuration of photovoltaic cells and 8 heatsinks, each spanning 127532.doc -33- 200903817 A row of photovoltaic cells on the width of the module. In another configuration, a photovoltaic module may have an overall width between 20, and 30", between 5" and 60" The overall length, using a 4χ9 configuration of photovoltaic cells and 8 heatsinks, each spanning a row of photovoltaic cells on the width of the module. In another configuration, a photovoltaic module may have a 3在&quot The overall width between 4〇", the overall length between 50” and 55", the photovoltaic cell with 8χ12 configuration and 12 heat sinks, each row across the width of the module Battery. Other module configurations described in this article (eg spanning module length) The heat sink can be applied to the above example. In one example, a module is constructed comprising 36 photovoltaic cells configured with a 4χ9 single crystal germanium (225 μιη thickness). The cells use an SPI. - Laminator (Spire, lnc.) is layered with glass. The coffee is "attached to the heat sink with 8 1〇1 epoxy resin glue. The heat sink contains fins with the following dimensions: w=0.06" , h=0.9375", s=〇.3” and (4)”". Each heat sink contains eight fins and has an overall width of 2.5". The two heat sinks are adjacent to each other such that the overall width of the connecting heat sinks is 5", and the width of each of the photovoltaic cells is further covered. Usually, from 4 to 20 modules are installed on the roof of a house = a solar module, depending on the available south (in the northern hemisphere) roof. For example, more solar modules can be installed on larger roofs of commercial buildings. The solar modules described herein can be joined together by any method and/or using any of the means known in the art. For example, in the U.S. U.S. U.S. U.S. Provisional Medium, please refer to No. 6G/874, No. 3, entitled "Modified Solar Roof Tiles and Solar Panels with Heat Exchange 127532.doc -34· 200903817" The photovoltaic modules can also be designed to be mechanically and/or electronically interlocked as described in the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. The plurality of modules can also be separated from each other with sufficient space to allow between the modules. Increasing airflow to improve cooling of the photovoltaic cell. As previously described with respect to the module, the photovoltaic panel may include a flange or lip (straight or curved) on a housing that is oriented to direct air when exiting the panel Flowing up through a radiator below a panel. This feature prevents hot air from a radiator from entering an adjacent panel. Similarly, a flange or lip can be oriented to force fresh cold air to flow through a panel or Adjacent panels enter a heat sink. One of the features of this orientation may be particularly useful to prevent capture of a layer of warm air beneath an array of panels and to allow cool air to enter the underside to promote efficient heat transfer. The flange and/or lip are incorporated into a single panel to introduce cool air into a heat sink and direct hot air away from a heat sink. The panels and modules can be configured to provide an airflow path that allows air to be blown through the wind The natural convection or forced convection caused by the heat sink circulates the battery with cold potassium photovoltaic. The air flow channels of individual plates or modules can be aligned - or the air flow channels of multiple adjacent plates or modules to provide flow through multiple plates or The continuous air of the heat sinks of the modules. The channels may be oriented such that the air may flow parallel to or perpendicular to the roof, the lines, the heat sinks of the individual panels, or the heat sinking through the plurality of panels or modules continuously. Pipes or plenums may be provided along the edges of the slab or array of modules (not shown for simplicity). The slabs may be designed to partially cover each other 'to make them 127532.doc -35· 200903817 " vines are not 70% of the roof and do not feel the weather exposure. In order to assist weather protection, the plate can have # or 夕 protrusions (such as i4〇 in Figure iB), which complement one in an adjacent plate Or a plurality of grooves (for example, 丨5 内 in Figure B). The plates may be arranged such that when located at the lower end of a plate, a protrusion 14 〇 overlaps a groove 15 at the upper end of an adjacent plate 〇 As shown in Figures 3 and 4, when placed on a sloping roof 4, the protrusions prevent rain from reaching the underlying roof (Figure 4) and/or increase the structural integrity of the panel array. There may be - or multiple outreaches (eg, just and 190 in Figure 4) that do not have corresponding grooves in adjacent panels. These features add additional weather protection 'because there is no joint in the (four) plate The vertical seam is exposed to the outer surface. The outrigger and groove arrangement may be used in combination with and/or in addition to the upper and lower ends for, for example, the sides of the panel to prevent exposure to electrical connections, junctions, and Roof surface. A sealant may be used at the joint between the joined panels (e.g., at the seams under the protrusion/outer extension) to provide additional weather protection. A fixing hole may be included in the base (in FIG. 1B) to fix the plate to a roof before placing an overlapping adjacent plate (Fig. 4, Fig. 4). The photovoltaic cells are positioned at or near the opposite edges of the cells such that when mounted on a roof, adjacent rows of plates may overlap the fixed holes to prevent exposure of the fasteners to weather. The panels may additionally or alternatively have a perforated tongue attached to the base along the edge near the aperture 16〇 so that, for example, a 釭;+, ) nail or screw can be inserted to adhere the panel to a portion of the roof structure that you roll Frames and boards located below the plates 0 127532.doc • 36 - 200903817 The electrical configuration between individual photovoltaic cells and the electrical connections between individual panels or modules can be used in such a technique. It is well known to independently configure a series, parallel or hybrid series in parallel to achieve the desired operating current and voltage. For example, individual photovoltaic cells within a panel or module can be connected in series to increase the total operating voltage of the panel or module. If the voltage generated by each of the photovoltaic cells in a panel or module is sufficient, the cells may be connected in parallel to adjacent cells to maintain voltage, increase current, and/or disable a battery without deactivating the battery. All batteries of the panel or module. The δ hai plate or module may include a protective layer (such as 170 shown in FIGS. 1A, 2-8, and 26) of the light receiving surfaces of adjacent photovoltaic cells to protect the photovoltaic cells from damage (eg, It is caused by moisture, dust, chemicals and temperature changes, while allowing sunlight to be transmitted. The protective layer can be adapted to the surface shape of the photovoltaic cells and can be made of any suitable material, such as glass (eg, low lead tempered glass) or a polymer (eg, polymerized paraxylene, vapor phase deposited paraxylene or ethylene). Vinyl acetate). The protective layer may be a film (transparent or colored) and made of, for example, acrylates, epoxies, urethanes, and enamel resins. The protective layer may optionally be an anti-reflective coating such as tantalum nitride. The photovoltaic panel can be approximately (for example) 6 inches, 12 inches, 1 § inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, or 48 inches of standard length with any approximately (for example) 4 English, 8 inches, 丨 2 inches, 丨 8 inches, 22 inches, 26 inches, 30 inches or 38 inches of standard width are combined. Photovoltaic modules generally include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, 127,532 in columns and rows. Doc •37· 200903817 20 ' 24 ' 28,32,36,40,25 ' 36 ' 45, 50, 42, 48 '54, 60 or 72 PV cells ^ PV cells may be configured (for example) 1X2, 1x3, 1x4, 2x2, 2x3, 2x4, 2x6, 2x8, 3x3, 3x4, 3x5, 3x6, 3x7, 3x8, 3x9, 3x10, 4x4, 4x5, 4x6, 4x7, 4x8, 4x9, 4x10, 5x5, 5x6, 5x7, 5x8, 5x9, 5x10, 5x12, 6x6, 6x8, 6x10, 6x12 or 8x12. In many instances where a single heat sink spans a column of PV cells or contacts cells within a panel, a panel may, for example, have one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or ten or more More radiators. Polymers can be used to increase the design flexibility of the fabricated panels, modules, and/or heat sinks. In one variation, a photovoltaic cell or module may contain a photovoltaic cell(s) within an integral thermally conductive polymeric housing such that the housing itself acts as a heat sink. The polymer may be a thermally conductive polymeric material (eg, The C0〇lp〇ly® heat-conducting plastic, nylon 6_6 and/or polyphenylene sulfide) of the metal filler as needed enables the entire casing to support the photovoltaic cell (and any integral component) while still The heat is transferred from the photovoltaic cells. This configuration reduces the number of components and interfaces between the photovoltaic cells and increases the overall surface area of the heat sink. The outer casing may contain multiple types of polymers (e.g., 2 or 3) to form different components of the plate or module, wherein each component may have different polymerization characteristics. For example, a polymer may be a thermally conductive polymer that is attached to a photovoltaic cell and used as a heat sink, while another polymer may be provided around the photovoltaic cell and/or photovoltaic cell/heater interface to provide ( For example) structural integrity, aesthetics, weather resistance and / or - roof fixed surface. Alternatively, or - a plurality of aggregates 127532.doc -38 - 200903817 may be used to form the panel or module housing (and/or a portion of the heat sink) while metal may be used to form the heat sink (or One part of the radiator). Interlocking photovoltaic panels

FIG. 5A illustrates that a photovoltaic floor panel block further includes other photovoltaic panel blocks as described. The 'interlocking photovoltaic panel 500 includes a housing 120 and one or more photovoltaic cells 11 置. Exposure exposure is carried out in or on the 3 slab to direct solar light from the top surface of the slab. The panel may also include a heat sink 130 in any of the variations described herein. The left and right sides of the panel may include a male base connector 510 or a female base connector 52A configured as part of the panel housing. A base connector of each of the panels is designed to partially overlap a base connector of an adjacent panel. The male base connector may be of any design such that the material generally extends to the exterior of the outer casing 12G (eg, tongue or shelf) and the female base connector may be of any design such that material is typically removed from the outer casing 12 ( Such as a slot

Or mitered edges). The base may be in any shape or orientation (e.g., occupying the entire length of one side of the panel or occupying only a portion of one side of a panel) to complement the base connector of an adjacent panel. When each of the base connectors may be - or a plurality of electrical extensions 5, 540, one of them electrically extends and allows current to continue. Therefore, the two Λ Λ 互 互 Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ Λ ' 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各 各, 1 & 仟 · (1) "good, 匕 3 - electric extension 53 〇 510, which contains - Thunder juice c { } A base connector ^ s electric socket 540, · π, repeatedly read the soil ( 3) A female base connector 520 having a package 127532.doc -39-200903817 including an electrical extension 530; and (4) a female base connector 52A including an electrical socket 504. The interlocking panels are designed such that the connectors on the panels are designed to complement an adjacent panel connector to form a solid connection between adjacent panels while maintaining current continuity, thereby limiting installation. Complexity and reduce the cost of ampoules. Once the two panels are connected by the connector, the panels can be moved substantially as a unit. There may be little relative movement between the plates as the plates are individually twisted about one of the plates. The electrical sockets and protrusions may be positioned in either direction (eg, vertical or flat) to the orientation of a base connector and may be in any combination (eg, a protrusion and socket mixture) to complement an adjacent panel. . The electrical sockets and protrusions may be asymmetrically arranged and positioned relative to the (iso-voltaic cell) such that when a column of plates overlaps an adjacent column of plates, the electrical connectors are placed directly in a row of overlapping plates. The following is to prevent exposure to the weather. It can be used instead of the extension and socket electrical connection - plug and socket connection or - male and female electrical connection. The protrusion or plug includes any connector extending from its surface, including machinery The spring, the pin or the tip. The electrical connections are not limited to the protrusion socket configuration and may include any device that allows current to be continuous, as well as maintaining a rigid mechanical connection. For example, an electrical connection may include two An electrode that is placed as a film on the surfaces of two complementary and interlocking adjacent plates. The pins used as electrical connectors may have springs that help lock the pins within the socket to provide between the plates A stronger connection. - Some roof panels are designed to be placed on the roof such that the longitudinal or main axis of each panel is parallel to the roof line to provide overlapping panels parallel to the roof line. 127532.doc 200903817 Rectangular roof panels are generally installed in this manner. The connectors on this or other roof panels described herein may be positioned at the end of one of the main or longitudinal axes of a roof panel 'so that adjacent panels may be parallel to the roof Interconnected by lines. An alternative to this configuration is to position the connectors at the ends of one of the short or warp beams of the roof slab so that adjacent slabs can be interconnected generally toward the roof line. The adjacent panels are interconnected in a direction toward or away from the roof line. The connectors can be positioned in a combination of longitudinal and meridional axes. Figure 5B illustrates one side of a panel for use with the present invention. Various electrical/mechanical configurations. Each panel may have a complementary electrical/mechanical connector on the opposite side of the panel (not shown). Panel A displays a male base connector 5 10 having an electrical extension 53〇. The configuration is designed to match a complementary adjacent panel having a female base connector 520 and an electrical receptacle 54 (eg, a mirror image of the connector in panel D). The connector within the panel eight of the illustrated variations Attached along an edge So that when two identical panels are laid in parallel with respect to the roof line, the electrical insertion is horizontal (or parallel) with respect to the roof surface and parallel to the roof line. Panel B shows a connector configuration similar to panel a, but The electrical connectors have been replaced with electrical sockets. Block E displays a connector configuration similar to that shown in Figure 5A, in which the sockets and sockets have been replaced with protrusions and sockets, respectively. Figure 5A The panel and the panel E to G example of Figure 5B, wherein the connectors are inserted vertically with respect to the roof surface. The panels F and G of Figure 5B show a socket configuration similar to the panel of Figure 5A where the female base connector Extending through the entire edge of the panel. Other connector changes are not within the scope of the invention. For example, the connector may be a hybrid socket/extension (as shown in the panel) and/or a 127532 perpendicular to the roof line. Doc .41 - 200903817 On the surface (such as ε # 斤 not shown in the Η Η) or on more than one slab surface (such as a long edge and a short edge).

Figure 5C illustrates a side view of an additional aspect of the present invention - thermal aL. The panel may be shaped to allow for temporary storage during installation. This overlap also helps protect the electrical and mechanical connectors. The heat sink fins of the panel 210 can touch the Korean sheet receiving surface 55 of an adjacent panel and can be adhered to the surface using, for example, epoxy glue or asphalt. The overhang 180 can cover the adjacent panels and can be adhered or waterproof to prevent water from entering between the panels. An additional mechanical connector 56 can be provided in this example to provide additional strength to the ampoule and to help protect the wind splitting panels that may occur during severe storms. Figure 5D depicts a rectangular roof having a solar cell 11 (or a plurality of solar cells, e.g., 3 to 5) in which the longitudinal axis of the panel is mounted parallel to the roof to mount the panel. The connector may be on a relatively longer side of the panel (e.g., 580 as shown in Figure 5D) or at a central portion of the joint (e.g., 57" to allow the panel to be connected to an adjacent panel in a generally vertical direction or as a The angle crossing will install the roof line of the panel. The panels of the plurality of segments can thus be inserted by placing a panel with protrusions 589 near the roof line and then inserting two panels (in this example) in the next adjacent column farthest from the roof line, and then repeating This procedure is carried out until the photovoltaic panels extend toward the roof near the edge of the roof closest to the ground level. In this way, the roof is assembled in a thin vertical section leaving a major roof surface accessible to facilitate further panel installation. At the time of installation, the protrusion 589 overlaps a portion of an adjacent panel (at 590). An extension similar to 589 can be formed on one or more sides of each panel such that all sides of each panel overlap or overlap an adjacent panel. 127532.doc •42· 200903817 The plates in the figure additionally contain a metal frame (such as aluminum) and can be combined with a heat sink design (eg thickness 〇·〇1 ” to 〇〇2” and 胄, to 2" One of the folded sheet metal fins is attached to the heat sink). The panel may also include a protective surface or coating (e.g., glass) and mounting holes to secure the panel to the roof (or on the existing roof). In the aspect of the invention, a thin film photovoltaic cell is used. Figure 6 illustrates a composite roofing remote panel 600'-thin film solar cell 610 applied to a composite remote panel surface. A male base connector 620 and a female base connector (4) having, for example, a pin 640 and a corresponding container 65A are provided at the respective ends of the remote plate to interface with complementary connectors on adjacent remote plates. When two or more composite remote plates are connected to each other via a corresponding connection H, their relative positions are established such that a remote plate may not rotate relative to a roof to a different direction from the other. In this example, the two remote plates can be mounted parallel to each other or along the same line. The connection stiffness of fBl in the plate (4)_the degree of freedom of movement of the plate relative to its adjacent plates' helps to ensure parallel column mounting and thus facilitates easy installation. Figure 6 also shows the heat sink (4) as needed. A thin film solar cell can also be positioned, for example, on a ceramic or concrete panel. Figure 7 illustrates a ceramic forming panel 7 that has a photovoltaic cell (PV) or film 61 in or on the surface of the panel. The film can be adhered to a copper sheet, and the copper sheet can be adhered to the sheet or directly printed on the module. This thin film may be of any material, size or configuration and may be a combination of color or color. The slab bases can be made of any material, such as ceramic, glue, quarantine or polymer, and serve as a frame to accommodate the slabs of the slabs. The 6H and other plates may have a heat sink that is inserted into and in contact with individual batteries in 127532.doc -43 - 200903817. Interlocking Interlocking Connections § 710 provides these mechanical and electrical connections that lock the slabs in place and conduct electricity from the slab to the slab. The curved configuration of the plates provides a large surface area for their individual cells to occupy', thereby increasing the electrical output for a given square-turn roof, and the curved configuration also provides titanium, 'scatter', The larger flow guiding channel into which the fin can extend. Air or other cooling medium can thus pass through with less resistance and more effectively assist in cooling the photovoltaic cells. The channels can be used in this or any of the other block configurations herein to allow liquid coolant to be drawn through the channels to reduce the photovoltaic cell operating temperature. The film variations described herein are also applicable to the photovoltaic modules described herein. Manufacturing Method - The plate can be formed by a material method. For example, a panel can be formed from a polymer or composite that is mixed in a mold. The outer casing portions of the male and female polymeric connectors are placed in the mold (e.g., f-sub) to conduct the wires from the connecting drums or the wiring itself or to a printed circuit board (PCB) using conductive wires. Conductive. If wires or a PCB are placed in the mold, they are electrically connected to the connector portions of the connectors. The polymer or composite mixture is then injected into the mold and cured to form a solid panel. The mold can be shaped to provide an opening in the top and bottom of the cured product such that a solar cell can be inserted into the top hole and routed or soldered to the pCB or to the plate by, for example, solder balls wire. A heat conductive adhesive can then be used to coat the heat sink and/or the bottom of the solar cell, insert the heat sink into the bottom hole 127532.doc -44 - 200903817 and thermally contact the solar cell and cure the adhesive to complete the plate. Alternatively, the heat sink can be secured to the photovoltaic cell using the lamination procedure described herein. A plate formed of red earth pottery can also be formed in the cookware. The ceramic housing for the male and female connectors is placed in the mold as a metal tube for the conduit of the connector, the wire to the photovoltaic cell. The clay mixture conventionally used to form the panel # is placed in the mold and fired to form a panel. The panel may have an opening from the top to the bottom and interface with the tubes. Like the opening (4), the photovoltaic cells are covered with a weatherproof adhesive (such as silicone resin), and a battery with an anti-reflective coating is inserted into the top of the plate to make the bottom edge of the battery engage. The mold is a shelf that is formed in the panel. Excess adhesive is removed from the surface of the panel and the anti-reflective coating, and the panel is placed aside to give adhesion time to be firm. A wire is inserted through the tubes and exits the end of the connector housing. The wires are connected to an electrical pin or socket 褒 fitting, and then the corresponding ceramic (four) receiving shells are inserted into the respective sockets, and the electrical stylus is fitted to engage the (four) connector housing to lock in position. And form a complete connection benefits. A wire is attached to the battery and routed to a second connector of the panel to provide the desired electrical connection (in series, in parallel, or in series). Once all the wire connections have been made, the t-pins are seated in their individual Μ connectors, then a heat-conducting adhesive (such as heat-conductive epoxy or tantalum resin) is used to coat a heat sink and insert it through the bottom of the plate. Inside, the adhesive and the heat sink are bonded to the exposed bottom of the photovoltaic cell. Once the adhesive is cured, a panel containing a roof panel 'solar cells and radiators' can be used as a roof panel to be mounted on a roof. Method of Attaching a Heat Sink Another feature of the present invention is a method of attaching a heat sink to a photovoltaic panel or module. Figures 8A through 8 are different diagrams during the fabrication of the photovoltaic panel or module. f Figure 8A-1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a system for constructing a photovoltaic panel or module in whole or in part. An upper clamp 8 〇〇 includes a recess 8 10 as desired, which is designed to complement one or more photovoltaic cells. The recess can have a thickness 820 that is substantially the thickness of the (specific) photovoltaic cell or less than the thickness of the cell or the cells. A vacuum channel 887 of any shape, number and configuration can be provided to allow a vacuum source to pass through the upper clamp to the photovoltaic cell. A vacuum source may allow the (or other) photovoltaic cells to be temporarily held within the recess 810 during the process. Figure 8-8 shows the upper clamp 800 from a bottom view. Each groove 81' is shown with its corresponding width 882 and length 884. The width and length can be concentrated to have substantially the same dimensions as the largest surface of the battery or the batteries or have a slightly larger size. The number of grooves 8 (7) may be combined or separated and used for any number - '1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1 (), u, required for the plate or module. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 2 or 25. The shape of the groove may be any shape of a photovoltaic cell or a plurality of photovoltaic cells, such as a square, a rectangle, a hexagon, an octagon, a triangle, a circle, or a diamond. - as shown in Figure 8 - the lower clamp may just contain - the base groove Μ her right dry fin groove 860. The base groove 85 〇 and the fin groove 86 〇 can be designed to 127532.doc -46- 200903817 All of the complementary heat sinks allow the heat sink to be inserted into the lower clamp and are not capable of substantially horizontal movement after insertion. The base recess may have a thickness of substantially one heat sink base or slightly smaller than the thickness of a heat sink base The depth 870 and a width are substantially the same as or slightly larger than the width of the heat sink base. The base groove may be present as desired. Each fin groove 860 may have substantially the same dimensions as the heat sink fin Or slightly larger in size to allow unrestricted insertion of the heat sink. The lower clamp 84〇 can also be designed to complement any number of heat sink materials, such as pyramids (including truncated pyramids), cylindrical, square a grid or a circular body (including a truncated cone). A vacuum channel (not shown) may be present to provide a vacuum source to the heat sink through the lower clamp, as described with respect to the upper clamp. The material of the clamp may independently be any material known in the art, such as an nm polymer. The upper clamp may be in opposite orientation to the lower clamp such that the upper clamp is below the lower clamp. / Photovoltaic panel or The wedge group process can start by placing the (etc.) photovoltaic cell and the s-spot heat sink in a straight line. S1丨10 mesh + straight into its individual fixture, as shown in Fig. 8B. The upper clamp is inserted into each groove. 81. One or more photovoltaic powers (4), each battery Γ 电 平 平 平 平 平 平 平 , , , , , , , , , , , 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数 大多数The wafer or the wafer is mainly formed on an early wafer, such as a square-shaped polycrystalline stone or a substrate, and may be a rhombus-shaped diamond. A lower shape, an octagonal shape, a triangular shape, a circular shape, a circular shape, or a vacuum R ' ^ (for example, using the passage 887 as needed) or any - ordinary adhesive to temporarily fix to the upper dislocation 127532.doc -47 - 200903817 _. Lower jig 840 Accommodating the heat sink _ such that the flat surface of the heat sink 892 is exposed, and (iv) is still concave Most of the remaining surface area, such as the fins, is contained. The heat sink can be made of any of the thermally conductive materials well known in the art and/or described herein, such as aluminum or aluminum alloys (eg, tantalum. Aluminum alloy, 6 〇61 aluminum alloy and 6〇〇5 aluminum alloy), copper, graphite or conductive polymer (such as conductive elastomer), may be any color (such as blue, black, gray or material) and may contain any geometry Shape-configured cooling Z-faces, such as pyramids (including truncated pyramids), cylindrical, square turns or cones (including truncated cones). The heat sink can be by gravity, vacuum or any common The adhesive is temporarily secured to the lower clamp 84. Figure 8C illustrates how the intermediate layer 894 can be added to the exposed surface of the heat sink 892 or the (etc.) exposed surface of the battery. The intermediate layer may be a thermal interface layer such as a thermally conductive grease (eg, conductive epoxy, lithographic resin or ceremonial or intermediate thermal conductive polymer. The intermediate layer may be either electrically insulating and thermally conductive) and may be a compound or mixture of compounds which chemically reacts upon exposure to air, heat and/or pressure. The thermal interface layer may, for example, be composed of any material that is both electrically and thermally conductive and may be a compound or mixture of compounds, It chemically reacts when exposed to air, 2 energy and/or pressure. The interposer may comprise multiple layers, for example: an electrically insulating layer adjacent to the PV cell and a thermal conduction layer adjacent to the __heatsink, or may not be present This layer may contact both the solar cell and the two heat sinks at the same time. As shown in Fig. 8D, the 'two fixtures accommodate the heat sink 89〇, if necessary, the middle layer, and the (summer) photovoltaic cells 8 8 6 The clips are clamped together to allow the intermediate layer 894, which is required to be present, to contact the heat sink and the photovoltaic cell at the same time. Applying sufficient pressure upward to the upper clamp 800, the lower cooler 840, or both to allow pressure between the battery and the heat sink, and forcing a close contact with the surface thereof because the upper clamp and the (etc.) accommodate The batteries 886 are complementary so that the pressure exerted by the distribution across the area of the clamp interface of the battery prevents the possibility of damaging the battery. Similarly, since the lower clamp is complementary to the receiving heat sink, it is applied. Pressure may be less likely to damage the heat sink fins (eg crushing or bending the fins). Sufficient thermal energy may also be separated or combined with sufficient pressure to apply during the process to tightly engage the heat sink with the (etc) photovoltaic The process of temporarily applying pressure and/or thermal energy to join two or more materials together (also known as lamination) may allow the (etc.) surface of the (or other) battery to be at a microscopic level. Closely contacting an adjacent material and allowing heat transfer to increase conductivity away from the battery. A vacuum may be applied to apply before, during, and/or after pressure and/or heat. Small air pressure to assist in the removal of air pockets between the layers. Removal of trapped air may allow for a closer contact between the layers, resulting in heat transfer of the crucible. The conditions between lamination may depend on the photovoltaic panel or The module configuration changes. In an example, the lamination temperature is approximately l55t: the depressing gas pressure is applied for five minutes and an additional atmospheric force is applied by the clamps to compress the heat sink for seven minutes. In one example, the lamination temperature is between 100 C and 200 C or between 125 ° C and 175 ° C or between 135 ° C and 155 C. In another example, 'applied by the clamps额外25, 1, 5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 4.5 or greater atmospheric force to drive the radiator to the (the) photovoltaic between the fixtures 127532.doc -49· 200903817 The battery is pressing. In another example, the pressure is applied for 1 to 30 minutes, 2 to 2 minutes, 5 to 15 minutes, or more than 30 minutes, and the decreasing pressure is applied for 1 to 30 minutes, 2 to 20 minutes, 5 to 15 minutes. Or greater than 3 minutes. Figure 8E illustrates a photovoltaic panel or module after removal of the upper and lower clamps. At this stage, the laminated heat sink 89(R) and the photovoltaic cell(s) 886 may have an outer casing fabricated and attached as described above. The process may include additional layers well known in the art on or in the panel or module (eg, ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), polyester, butyl anus 8, EPT), such as a protective layer (eg, Conformal coating) as described herein. If used in a module, the process can further include adding a frame (with or without pins) as described herein to allow direct horizontal airflow into the heat sink. A vacuum may be used during the process to remove trapped air between the layers. Figure 8F illustrates a variation of Figure 8Aq for constructing a photovoltaic panel or module. The lower fixture 840 shown in Figure 8F can include a base recess 850 and a plurality of truncated cone recesses 861. As with Figures 8A-i, the base recess 85 〇 and the truncated cone recess 861 can be designed to complement a heat sink in its entirety such that the heat sink can be inserted into the lower clamp and cannot be substantially horizontally displaced after insertion. The base recess can have a thickness 870 that is substantially the thickness of the heat sink base or slightly less than the thickness of a heat sink base and a width that is substantially the same as or slightly greater than the heat sink base. The base groove can be present as needed. Each truncated cone groove 861 can have a size that is substantially the same as or slightly larger than the heat 126532.doc -50-200903817 heater truncated cone to allow unrestricted insertion of the heat sink. A vacuum channel (not shown) may be present to provide a vacuum source to the heat sink through the lower clamp, as described with respect to the upper clamp. The lamination process for a heat sink comprising a truncated cone 891 can be as described above and produces a photovoltaic panel or module as shown in Figure 8G. Using Injection Molding Methods Injection molding techniques (e.g., screw injection molding) that are generally known in the art to form a polymeric outer shell can be used to make a photovoltaic panel. Although the method described below is exemplified for injection molding of a panel construction, the method can also be used to construct a photovoltaic module. One advantage of injection molding is that a panel can include a conductive polymeric housing that also functions as a heat sink. Another advantage is that multiple polymerization shots can be made to form different components of the panel or module, with each component having different polymerization characteristics. In addition, injection molding may allow for the formation of a heat sink that serves as a "skin" to coat the desired area of the photovoltaic panel and to allow the formation of geometries that are not available using conventional manufacturing techniques, thereby allowing for increased convection and cooling. Any-common mold material (such as hardened steel, pre-hardened steel, or copper alloy) can be used to design a complementary photovoltaic panel from, for example, a standard process or an electric discharge Mm die. It can then be = electricity = and the wire is positioned within the mold, such that the surface of the photovoltaic panel will eventually be exposed and the photovoltaic cell will be thermally contacted with the polymeric housing upon ejection. The mold is then closed s 'from (for example) - electric motor or hydraulic source pressure to heat a 127532.doc -51 · 200903817 compound (for example, if necessary, mixed with one or more metal fillers of heat transfer polymer ( For example, nylon 6-6) and/or polyphenylene sulfide; resin; or a fluid raw material for injection molding) is introduced into the mold, followed by cooling (for example, a water passage in the mold) to cure the outside of the plate. The heat sink may be a polymer, a polymer mixture, an unpolymerized monomer, an unpolymerized monomer mixture or any polymer(s) and a mixture of unpolymerized monomers. And/or the monomer may have a coefficient of thermal expansion that is similar to or identical to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the photovoltaic cell to ensure that the exiting material is in intimate contact with the photovoltaic cell during temperature changes. The high voltage applied during the period (e.g., 5-6 ton) and thermal energy may allow for tight contact between the exiting polymer (which may ultimately form the heat sink) and the photovoltaic cell, thereby resulting in such Increased heat dissipation during operation of the panel or module. The mold can then be opened and the panel popped up with the aid of the ejector pins in the mold, followed by any necessary reinforcement. The panel or module can then be installed On a roof. Plate installation method - installation method is shown in Figure 9. The roof panels are attached to the purlins or slats that hold and support the panels. The panels are, for example, The first plate is nailed to the lowest string or slat, and the male connector of one plate and the female connector of the second plate are joined and locked (in the case where the two plates are pushed together to lock the position) The two plates are nailed to the rafters or slats and are laid over on the roof-section. The lower-process of the slabs is partially covered by placing a slab on the lower-highest slats or slats. a plate on a low profile strip or slat, which is used to snap the panel to a 127532.doc • 52· 200903817 and to form a panel on the stringer or slat. The overlapping two knives of the panel can be used. For example, asphalt or an adhesive is adhered to each other to provide a waterproof seal and/or to prevent the panels from being blown away by the wind.

The private sequence is described in the flow chart of Figure 9. In a step 9, a first-photovoltaic panel is provided. In the step 9〇2, a second photovoltaic is provided: the board ghost is in the step 904, the first photovoltaic panel is attached to a houser in step 906, and one of the first photovoltaic panels is electrically connected. Interposing the electrical connector of the second photovoltaic panel to form a substantially rigid mechanical connection between the photovoltaic panels and to electrically charge the photovoltaic cell and the second photovoltaic panel in the first photovoltaic panel connection. In an optional step 908, to the roof. Forming a second photovoltaic panel between a photovoltaic cell. Figure 10 is a flow chart of a second method for mounting a photovoltaic panel. In step 1000, a first photovoltaic panel is provided. In a step 丨0〇2, a second photovoltaic panel is provided. In a step 1〇〇4, one of the first photovoltaic panel electrical connectors engages one of the second photovoltaic panel electrical connectors to form a substantially rigid mechanical connection between the photovoltaic panel blocks and An electrical connection is formed between one of the first photovoltaic panel and the photovoltaic cell of the second photovoltaic panel. In a step 丨〇〇6, the first photovoltaic panel is attached to a roof. In an optional step 7-8, the second photovoltaic panel is attached to the roof. In a method of installing a photovoltaic roofing panel, a plurality of roofing panels are parallel to the roofline' through their connectors and are horizontally joined together and attached to the roof at the farthest from the roofline (closest to the ground). In this step 127532.doc •53· 200903817 the plates joined together do not span the entire horizontal length of the roof, but only span a portion of the roof to provide access on one or both sides of one of the connected roof panels. The next vertical adjacent column of roof slabs is then installed, also leaving on one or both sides. This procedure is repeated until the roof panel covers a section of the roof from the lowest area of the roof line to the highest area of the roof line. The entire program can be repeated to construct additional slab sections on one or both sides of the completed section. Thus, comparing the horizontal length of the roof, the horizontal length of the individual sections may be shorter, or the horizontal length of one section may be almost the entire horizontal length of the roof. Once all sections of photovoltaic roofing panels have been installed, 'a custom roof panel can be installed along one or both edges of the roof from the lowest area to the highest area of the roof line to provide areas where people can enter the roof without damaging the photovoltaic roofing panels . In this manner, chimneys and pipes or conduits that enter, for example, the roof of the roof can be provided. Conventional plates are available near the roof line and near the sink when needed. A panel can be individually attached to the roof immediately after it is connected via a connector to an adjacent panel previously fastened to the roof. Alternatively, a plurality of panels may be connected by their connectors and the assembly panels may then be secured to the roof. For example 'the installer can interconnect a number of panels' to center the interconnected panels along the horizontal length of the roof, ensuring that the interconnected panels are also parallel to the roof line ^ and then fasten the first row (farthest from the roof) to the bottom Purlin or slats. The installer τ then individually adds the tiles as described above to complete a segment, or the wearer can interconnect the tiles and connect or cover them to form adjacent columns of tiles within the segment. The panels may thus be installed to complete all or most of a first column of panels and so on, until 127532.doc -54 - 200903817, to form a roof, or to mount the panels to form A plurality of sections that partially pass over the horizontal length of the roof and pass partially or completely from the roof baseline or near to the roof line. In another example, a roof may be formed by placing a roof panel at the roof baseline and joining adjacent panels by the connectors in a direction toward the roof line. A plurality of panel strips are formed which may have, for example, a sealing strip or bitumen which is placed in and/or on a vertical raised seam formed by a left or right side with adjacent panels. The installation procedure can be performed by placing a house panel near the roof line and placing adjacent columns in the direction of the ground by any of the methods described above. Any of the panels described herein can be configured for installation from the roof line to the ground or from the roof portion closest to the ground and to the roof line. Either way, an entire column or only one column can be formed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1A is a perspective view of a photovoltaic module having a plurality of heat sinks. Figure 1B is a perspective view of a photovoltaic panel having a heat sink. Figure 2A is a partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic panel or module having a heat sink containing fins. Figure 2B is a partial cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic panel or module containing a truncated cone. Figure 2C is a bottom plan view of a heat sink. Figure 3 is a top plan view of an array of overlapping plates. Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a stack of overlapping plates on a roof. 127532.doc •55- 200903817 Figure 5 A is a perspective view of an interlocking photovoltaic panel with a heat sink. Figure 5B is a partial perspective view of a photovoltaic panel having various mechanical and electrical configurations. Figure 5C is a side elevational view of one of the additional variations of an interlocking photovoltaic panel. Figure 5D is a perspective view of one of the additional changes to one of the interlocking photovoltaic panels. Figure 6 is a top plan view and a side view of an interlocking roof panel comprising a photovoltaic film. Figure 7 is a perspective view of one of the interlocking shaped panels each comprising a film. Figure 8 A-1 is a cross-sectional view of a fixture and a fixture for attaching a plurality of photovoltaic cells to a heat sink for use on a panel or module. Figure 8 A-2 is a bottom view of one of the upper clamps. Figure 8B is a diagram showing a photovoltaic cell and a heat sink. Figure 8C is a diagram of Figure 8B with an interface layer. Figure 8D illustrates the apparatus of Figure 8C in which the upper clamp and the lower clamp are compressed. Figure 8E shows the photovoltaic cell(s) attached to a heat sink by the process. Figure 8F is a cross-sectional view of a fixture and a lower fixture for attaching a plurality of photovoltaic cells to a heat sink including a truncated cone. Figure 8G shows the photovoltaic cell(s) attached to the heat sink containing the truncated cone by the process. Figure 9 is a flow chart of a method of installing a photovoltaic panel. Figure 10 is a flow diagram of an alternative method of installing a photovoltaic panel. 127532.doc -56 - 200903817 Figures 11A and 11B show a heat sink including a hollow truncated cone change. Figures 12A and 12B show a heat sink including another hollow truncated cone change. [Main component symbol description] 11-1 Truncated cone 11-2 Base 12-1 Truncated cone 12-3 Hollow hole 100 Photovoltaic (PV) plate 100-M Photovoltaic (PV) module 102-M convex Edge or lip 110 Solar cell 110-M Photovoltaic cell 120 Housing 120-M Frame 130 Radiator 130-M Heat sink 140 Extension 140-M Pin 150 Groove 160 Fixing 170L 170 Protective layer 180 Outer 127532 .doc -57- 200903817 190 Outreach 200 Base 210 Fins/plates 211 Truncated cone 220 Intermediate thermal interface layer 400 Tilted roof 500 Interlocking photovoltaic panel 510 Male base connector 520 Female base connector 530 Electrical extension 540 electrical socket 550 fin receiving surface 560 mechanical connector 570 central portion 580 relatively long side of the plate 589 protrusion 590 one part of the adjacent plate 600 composite roofing roof 610 thin film solar cell 620 male base connector 630 female base connection 640 pin 650 container 700 ceramic forming plate 127532.doc -58- 200903817 710 interlocking connector 800 upper clamp 810 groove 840 lower clamp 850 base groove 860 fin groove 861 truncated cone groove 886 photovoltaic cell 887 vacuum channel 888 battery 890 radiator 891 truncated cone 892 radiator 894 intermediate layer 127532.doc -59-

Claims (1)

200903817 X. Patent application scope: 1. A photovoltaic module comprising: A. a plurality of photovoltaic cells, B. frame, which holds the plurality of photovoltaic cells and exposes the first surface of the frame The light receiving surface of a plurality of photovoltaic cells, the C. 6 hai frame is adapted to be fixed on the roof, and the D.-heatsink is in thermal communication with an unexposed surface of the plurality of photovoltaic cells. E. The heat sink comprises: 1) a base positioned substantially parallel to the unexposed surface, and having a lineage that is flat with each other; f U) being positioned by a plurality of fins attached to the base, wherein the base has a thickness between 0.05" and 0.5"; and wherein the fins each independently have a between &25&quot; and 7&quot; Degree, - a center-to-center spacing between 0.05" and 1" and a width between 〇〇〇 and 0.25"; wherein the center-to-center spacing is sufficient to provide a path between the fins Allowing the cooling air to enter. 2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 is loaded with a push-pull re-entry step included in the heat sink] between the unexposed surfaces and the ®, ,, Α ·, ,, The surface layer is modified to improve heat dissipation. 3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 further comprising a conformal coating on the surface that is substantially transparent to visible light. Photovoltaic module, which consists of the frame does not extend beyond the ^ 127532.doc 200903817 block 'a permit environment ... obstructed into the scattered mr, :?: 'where the heat dissipation "has ~, -, and again 1 The sheet pitch and the fin width are used to heat the photovoltaic at a temperature of 15 Torr in a static ambient air.光伏 a photovoltaic module having a lower than about H, wherein each of the plurality of reels has a recording axis that is substantially parallel to the long axis of the heat sink and positions the photovoltaic module of m1, wherein the plurality of turns Each of the missing pieces of the film - the long axis is substantially perpendicular to the long axis of the heat sink and positioned 8 = = item! The photovoltaic molding stage, wherein the long-axis mass transfer of the heat sink is positioned parallel to one of the long axes of the photovoltaic module. ', real 9. ^ Requested item i of the photovoltaic module' wherein the long axis of the heat sink is positioned perpendicular to one of the long sides of the photovoltaic module. </ RTI> 10. The photovoltaic module of the requester, wherein the radiator has a length greater than 3/4 of the width of the photovoltaic module. 11. The photovoltaic module of the requester, wherein the heat sink has a length of more than 3/4 of the length of the photovoltaic module. 5 12.2 Photovoltaic module of item 1 'The (4) heat exchanger is made up of the luminaire module of the request item, which consists of the photovoltaic module.胄 “ “ “ “ “ “ “ 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 请求 127 127 127 532 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 A photovoltaic module according to item 1, wherein the fins are discontinuous along a long axis of one of the bases to form an exhaust and an access passage. Photovoltaic module, wherein the channels are in the form of a glyph. 18. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the base has a thickness between the factory and the 0.25"; and wherein the fins are independent The ground has a height between 〇_75&quot; and 5&quot;, a center-to-center spacing between 〇2" and 〇5", and a width between 〇.〇〇7" and 〇丨,, . 19. The photovoltaic module of claim 18, further comprising a thermal interface layer between the heat sink and the unexposed surface to improve heat dissipation. 20. The photovoltaic molding stage of claim 18, wherein one of the long axis of the heat sink is substantially perpendicular to a long axis of the photovoltaic module. • The photovoltaic module of claim 18, wherein the heat sink is comprised of a mask junction. 22. The photovoltaic module of claim 18, wherein the base has a thickness between and 0.2&quot; and the fins of the towel each independently have a height between 0.9&quot; and 2&quot; The center-to-center spacing between 〇, 3, and 〇4&quot; and a width between 0.02&quot; and 0.05". 23. Photovoltaic module, request &lt; Further comprising a thermal interface layer between the heat sink and the unexposed surface to improve heat dissipation. 24_ The photovoltaic module of claim 22, perpendicular to the photovoltaic module - 25. The photovoltaic module of item 22, wherein one of the long-axis of the heat sink is fixed by a long vehicle, wherein the heat sink is composed of 127532.doc 200903817. 26--Manufacture of a photovoltaic module The method comprises the steps of: placing a heat sink in a fixture such that a lower surface of the heat sink contacts the fixture and an upper surface of the heat sink is exposed; a photovoltaic cell is placed adjacent to the upper surface; Hit the battery with the heat sink; and from the fixture In addition to the heat sink, the method of claim 26, wherein the step of connecting the photovoltaic cell to the heat sink comprises the method of claim 27. The method of claim 27, wherein the laminating step is included on the upper surface The method of claim 28, wherein the laminating step comprises laminating the heat sink, the intermediate layer, and the photovoltaic cell layer together. The method of claim 27, wherein the intermediate layer is a thermally conductive polymer. The method of claim 30, wherein the method of claim 27, wherein the method of claim 27, wherein the laminating step is included in The method of claim 3, wherein the ambient pressure is reduced for between 5 and 3 minutes. 34. The method of claim 27, Wherein the laminating step comprises increasing the temperature between the upper surface and the photovoltaic cell.. 35. The method of claim 34, wherein the temperature is increased to 125. (: and 175. (: between. 36_ The method of claim 34, wherein the method is added 37. The method of claim 27, wherein the laminating step comprises increasing a pressure between the upper surface and the photovoltaic cell. The method wherein the temperature is increased to between 至5 and 5 atmospheres. 39. The method of claim 37, wherein the pressure is increased for between 5 and 3 minutes. 40. The method of claim 26, It comprises attaching a protective layer to the photovoltaic cell. The method of claim 40, wherein the protective layer is a conformal coating. 42. The method of claim 26, comprising attaching a frame surrounding the one or more photovoltaic cells, wherein the frame does not extend beyond the upper surface to allow ambient air to enter the heat sink unimpeded. 43. The method of claim 26, wherein the heat sink is comprised of extruded aluminum. 44. The method of claim 26 wherein the heat sink is comprised of a conductive polymer. The method of claim 26, wherein the heat sink comprises a plurality of fins substantially parallel to each other and wherein the fixture comprises a plurality of grooves complementary to the plurality of fins. 46. A photovoltaic panel comprising: a. Photovoltaic cell, B. - a casing 'which holds the photovoltaic cell and exposes the photoreceiving surface of the photovoltaic cell along a first surface of the casing, C The outer casing is adapted to be fixed to a roof, i27532.doc 200903817 D. - a heat sink, which is connected to the unexposed surface (four) of the photovoltaic cell, E. the heat sink comprises a crucible-base, which is substantially Positioned parallel to the unexposed surface, and ii) a plurality of fins attached to the base, which are substantially parallel to each other, wherein the base has a thickness between 5" and 0.5"; The fins each independently have a height between 0.25 &quot; and 7&quot;, a center-to-center spacing between 0_05&quot; and Γ and a width between 〇〇〇1 &quot; and 0.25" And wherein the center-to-center spacing is sufficient to provide a passage between the fins to allow cooling air to enter. 47. The photovoltaic panel of claim 46, which further comprises a thermal interface layer between the heat sink and the unexposed surface to improve heat dissipation. 48. The photovoltaic panel of claim 46, wherein the heat sink has a length, a thickness, a fin height, a fin pitch, and a fin width to maintain the photovoltaic cell at a temperature of 7 (TF temperature ambient air) 49. The photovoltaic panel of claim 46, further comprising an overhang of the first surface of the outer casing substantially parallel to a roof ridge line. a photovoltaic panel of 46, further comprising an overhang of the first surface of the outer casing substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge line. 5. 1. The photovoltaic panel of claim 46 wherein the plurality of fins are positioned 127532.doc -6 - 200903817 substantially parallel to the direction of a roof ridge. 52. The photovoltaic panel of claim 46, wherein the plurality of fins are oriented in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge 53. The photovoltaic panel of claim 46, wherein the heat sink is comprised of extruded aluminum. 54. The photovoltaic panel of claim 46, wherein the heat sink is comprised of black anodized aluminum. 55. As requested in item 46 Photovoltaic panel, wherein the substrate is comprised of a conductive polymer. σ 56. The photovoltaic panel of claim 53, wherein the conductive polymer is an elastomer. 57. The photovoltaic panel of claim 46, Wherein the fins are discontinuous along a long axis of one of the bases to form an exhaust and an access passage. 5 8_ Photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 57, wherein the channels are in the form of a chevron. 59. a photovoltaic panel, wherein the base has a thickness between 〇丨 and 0.25&quot; and wherein the fins each independently have a height between 0.75" and 5&quot; a center-to-center spacing between 0.5&quot; and a width between 0.007" and 0.1". 60. The photovoltaic panel of claim 59, which further comprises a heater between the heat sink and the unexposed surface The thermal interface layer is modified to improve heat dissipation. 61. The photovoltaic panel of claim 59, wherein the plurality of fins are positioned in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge line. 62. The photovoltaic panel of claim 59, Wherein the radiator is extruded 127532.doc 200903817 63. The photovoltaic panel of claim 59, wherein the base has a thickness between 〇, l" and 〇_2&quot;; and wherein the fins each independently have a 0.9 The height between &quot; and 2&quot;, the center-to-center spacing between 0.3&quot; and 〇.4&quot; and the width between 0.02" and 0.05&quot; 64. The panel 'further includes a thermal interface layer between the heat sink and the unexposed surface to improve heat dissipation. 65. The photovoltaic panel of claim 63 wherein the plurality of fins are positioned in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. 66. The photovoltaic panel of claim 63 wherein the heat sink is comprised of extruded aluminum. 67. A plurality of photovoltaic panels comprising: a first photovoltaic panel comprising: i - a photovoltaic cell, ii. a housing that holds the photovoltaic cell along one of the enclosures The first surface is exposed to the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell, iii. the outer casing is adapted to be fixed to a roof, and iv. the radiator is a surface heat opposite to the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell Connected, and v. a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector attached to the first photovoltaic panel, B. - a second photovoltaic panel, comprising: i · a photovoltaic battery Π An outer casing that holds the photovoltaic cell and exposes a light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell along a first surface of the casing, 127532.doc 200903817 iii. the casing is adapted to be attached to a roof, iv_-heat sink, Corresponding to a surface of the photovoltaic cell opposite to the light receiving surface, and v. a first electrical connector and a second electrical connector attached to the second photovoltaic panel, wherein the First section The first electrical connector matches the second electrical connector of the second panel, and wherein the first electrical connector of the first panel and the second electrical connector of the second panel are matched when matched The state is for preventing the first plate from rotating independently of the second plate. 68. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 67, wherein the first photovoltaic panel is the same as the second photovoltaic panel. 69. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 67, wherein each electrical connector is independently a male or female connector. 70. A plurality of photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 69, wherein each of the electrical connectors is independently an extension or receptacle connector. 7. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 67, wherein the first electrical connector of the first panel is configured to match the second panel in a direction substantially parallel to a roof ridge line The second electrical connector. 72. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 67, wherein the first electrical connector of the first panel is configured to match the second panel in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge line Second electrical connector. 73. A plurality of photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 67, wherein each of the photovoltaic cells is a thin film photovoltaic cell. 127532.doc -9- 200903817 74. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 67, wherein each photovoltaic panel comprises a thermal interface layer between the heat sink and the unexposed surface to improve heat dissipation. 75. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 67, wherein each of the heat sinks is configured to maintain its corresponding photovoltaic cell at a temperature below about 150 °F in ambient air at a temperature of 70 °F. under. 76. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 67, wherein each photovoltaic panel comprises one of the first surfaces of the outer casing (substantially extending along a substantially parallel to a roof ridge line. 77. a photovoltaic panel, wherein each photovoltaic panel comprises an overhang of the first surface of the outer casing substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge line. 78. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 67, wherein each of the heat sinks comprises i) A base 'which is positioned substantially parallel to the surface opposite the light receiving surfaces, and 复) a plurality of fins attached to the base, which are substantially parallel to each other and positioned. 79. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 78, wherein each of the plurality of segments is positioned in a direction substantially parallel to a roof ridge. - 80. A plurality of photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 78, wherein each of the plurality of rotors is positioned in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. 81. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 78, wherein each of the plurality of slices is discontinuous along one of the associated bases to form an exhaust and an entry channel. 127532.doc -10- 200903817 82. 8 1 of a plurality of photovoltaic panels - wherein the channels are adult glyphs 83. A plurality of photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 67, wherein each of the heat sinks is comprised of metal. 84. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 83, wherein the metal is extruded aluminum. 85. A plurality of photovoltaic panels as claimed in claim 83, wherein the metal is a black anode. 86. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 67 wherein each of the heat sinks is comprised of a conductive polymer. 87. The plurality of photovoltaic panels of claim 86, wherein the conductive polymers are an elastomer. 88. A photovoltaic panel comprising: a) a photovoltaic cell, b) an outer casing that holds the cell and exposes a light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell, and a first electrical connector and a second An electrical connector attached to the photovoltaic panel, wherein the housing is adapted to be secured to a roof, and wherein the housing comprises a thermally conductive polymer in thermal communication with an unexposed surface of the photovoltaic cell. 89. The photovoltaic panel of claim 88, wherein the outer shell further comprises a second polymer adjacent the first polymer. 90. The photovoltaic panel of claim 88, wherein the first electrical connector matches an electrical connector of a 127532.doc _ 11 · 200903817 second photovoltaic panel, and wherein the first panel is The electrical connector of the first electrical connector and the second panel is configured to prevent the first panel from rotating independently of the second panel. 9. The photovoltaic panel of claim 90, wherein the photovoltaic panel is the same as the second photovoltaic panel. 92. The photovoltaic panel of claim 90, wherein each electrical connector is independently a male or female connector. 93. The photovoltaic panel of claim 91, wherein each of the electrical connectors is independently a protrusion or receptacle connector. 94. The photovoltaic panel of claim 8, wherein the first electrical connector of the first panel is configured to match an electrical connector of an adjacent panel in a direction substantially parallel to a roof ridge. 95. The photovoltaic panel of claim 88, wherein the first electrical connector of the panel is configured to match an electrical connector of an adjacent panel in a direction substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. 96. The photovoltaic panel of claim 88, further comprising an overhang of the first surface of the outer casing substantially parallel to a roof ridge. 97. The photovoltaic panel of claim 88, further comprising an overhang of the first surface of the outer casing substantially perpendicular to a roof ridge. 98. The photovoltaic panel of claim 88 wherein the photovoltaic cell is a thin film photovoltaic cell. 99. The photovoltaic panel of claim 88 wherein the thermally conductive polymer is formed into a plurality of fins positioned substantially parallel to one another. 127532.doc -12- 200903817 100. The photovoltaic panel of claim 99, wherein the fins are discontinuous along a long axis of the base to form an exhaust and an access passage. 101. The photovoltaic panel of claim 100, wherein the channels are adult glyphs. 102. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic panel comprising the steps of: placing a photovoltaic cell in a mold; injecting a first polymer into the mold; removing the polymer from the mold and the battery . 103. The method of claim 102, wherein the first polymer is a thermally conductive polymer. 104. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises injecting a second polymer into the mold. 105. The method of claim 103, wherein the first polymer is in thermal communication with a surface opposite the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell when the first polymer is injected into the mold. The method of claim 103, wherein the first polymer forms an outer casing that holds the photovoltaic cell and exposes a light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell, wherein the outer casing is adapted to be attached to a roof. 107. The method of claim 104, wherein the second polymer forms an outer casing, and the photovoltaic cell is maintained and exposed to the light receiving surface of the photovoltaic cell wherein the outer casing is adapted to be secured to a roof. 108. The method of claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic cell comprises a metal heat sink that is attached to a surface opposite the light receiving surface. . The method of claim 102, wherein the photovoltaic panel comprises an electrical connector, wherein the electrical connector of the photovoltaic panel and the electrical connector of the second panel of the 127532.doc • 13-200903817 The configuration is configured to prevent the photovoltaic panel from rotating independently of the second panel. 110. The method of claim 102, wherein injecting the first polymer comprises increasing thermal energy and pressure sufficient to permit intimate thermal contact between the first polymer and the photovoltaic cell. 111. The method of claim 102, further comprising cooling the mold. 112. A method of manufacturing a photovoltaic panel comprising the steps of: placing a heat sink in a fixture such that a lower surface of the heat sink contacts the fixture and an upper surface of the heat sink is exposed; adjacent the upper surface Placing a photovoltaic cell; connecting the photovoltaic cell to the heat sink; and removing the heat sink from the fixture; forming a plate outer casing around the photovoltaic cell. 113. The method of claim 112, wherein the step of connecting the photovoltaic cell to the heat sink comprises laminating. 114. The method of claim 113, wherein the laminating step comprises providing a thermal interface layer between the upper surface and the photovoltaic cell. 115. The method of claim 114, wherein the laminating step comprises laminating the heat sink, the intermediate layer, and the photovoltaic cell layer. 116. The method of claim 115, wherein the intermediate layer is a thermally conductive polymer. The method of claim 116, wherein the thermally conductive polymer is an elastomer. 118. The method of claim 113, wherein the laminating step comprises reducing ambient pressure between the upper surface 127532.doc -14-200903817 and the photovoltaic cell. 119. If the method of claim 11 8 is used, the pressure in the bean, the test prostitute, and the reduction in the j ” 玄 i 兄 兄 持续 持续 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 The human Niu Cong, human &amp; octopus gamma step comprises increasing the temperature between the upper surface and the photovoltaic cell. 121. As claimed in claim 120, i φ glare. / The degree of 増 is added between 125 ° C and 175 ° C. 122. The method of claim 12, wherein the increasing the temperature is continued for a period of time. 123. The method of claim 113, wherein the laminating step comprises increasing pressure between the upper surface and the photovoltaic cell. 124. The method of claim 2, wherein the pressure is increased to between 5 and 5 atmospheres. 125. The method of claim 123, wherein the increasing the pressure is between 5 and 3 minutes. 126. The method of claim 12, wherein the heat sink is constructed of extruded aluminum. 127. The method of claim 112, wherein the heat sink is comprised of a conductive polymer. The method of claim 112, which comprises attaching a protective layer to the photovoltaic cell. 129. The method of claim 128, wherein the protective layer is a conformal coating. The method of claim 112, wherein the heat sink comprises a plurality of sheets positioned substantially parallel to each other and wherein the fixture comprises a plurality of grooves complementary to the plurality of fins. 127532.doc •15-