200900894 八、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本創作係有關一種獨立型太陽能led (發光二極體）照明之 智慧型充放電控制系統，尤指一種不與市電並聯，完全由太陽電 池供電之LED照明系統。 【先前技術】 按；一般市售之獨立型太陽能LED(發光二極體）照明系統之 控制器，於白天太陽能電池發電並充電於蓄電池時，無法調整充 電電流’達到高效率與安全之充電方式，而僅利用簡單開關電 路，對蓄電池充電做開與關的控制動作，以保護蓄電池不過充， 其在充電過程中’很容易因太陽輻射的劇烈變化產生充電電流不 穩’損壞蓄電池；放電時，一般獨立太陽能照明系統之控制器亦 無法調整其放電電流大小’使得系統負載功率無法因應不同情況 而自動調整’以致耗電不能降低，進而造成系統續航力偏低之情 況。由於蓄電池於放電過程中，電壓變化範圍不小，而LED對電 壓敏感度又相當高，微幅的電壓變化即會造成很大的電流變化， 容易損毀LED。因此，利用蓄電池供電來點亮LED燈具時，一般 皆串接一個直流電壓-電壓轉換器（DC/DC converter)，或定電流 轉換器’將蓄電池電壓轉換成LED燈具所適合之固定電壓或電 流。然而’增設電壓或電流轉換器所產生的能量轉換損失，使得 其系統續航力不足，也增加成本負擔。 5 200900894 【發明内容】 本創作之主要目的，即在提供一種獨立型太陽能LED(發光 一極體）照明之智慧型充、放電控制系統，於充電時，配合回授 控制程序，能夠自動調整蓄電池充電電流量，以對蓄電池進行快 速充電並抑制當曰照量急遽改變時的充電電流變化量，有效保護 蓄電池不過充’而提供可靠的充電控制方式，延長蓄電池之使用 壽命；於放電時，蓄電池放電與LED調光控制程序，係在不改變 蓄電池輸出電壓而直接驅動LED的情況下，直接利用開關控制技 術，調整蓄電池放電平均電流或功率，節省一般需外加直流變壓 器（DC/DC converter)之能量損耗與成本，對LED產生定電流或 定功率的操作特性，並且能夠跟據每天曰落時之蓄電池蓄電量改 變平均放電電流或放電功率值大小，而且能隨意設定不同調光時 段與LED照度變化，降低放電電流或功率與LED燈照度，減少耗 電，達到提高太陽能LED照明的續航力效果。 上述之充、放電控制方法是，在蓄電池與太陽電池之間， 以及蓄電池與LED照明燈具之間，各串接一功率放大器，並利用 -微處理機輸出一開關訊號至功率放大器，以控制太陽電池或 LED燈具電流、或蓄電池電流之開或關，同時藉由改變開關訊號 之開關頻率或導通❹1長短來調節平均電流量，達収變電流量 的目的。 前述之獨立智慧型太陽能LED燈具充、放電控制系統該 功率放大ϋ可為場效電晶體（FET)等，由微處理機輸出—訊號控 制其閘極（Gate)電壓的_方式，即可控制流人蓄電池或流經 led燈具電流的開或關。 前述之充放電電流開關方式可採用PWM (pulse w㈣ 200900894 modulation) ’此方法為在一固定時間週期内，重複調整此時間 週期内開與關的時間長度比例，可達到調整平均電流或平均功率 的目的。上述之短時間週期内開的時間長度與週期的百分比值， 即為PWM之責任週期（Duty-Cycle)。 利用上述之PWM控制方法於充電時可配合回授控制原理， 對畜電池進行快速充電與過充保遵，且能有效的抑制當日照量急 遽改變時的充電電流變化量，使蓄電池不產生過充。 前述之回授控制原理可以用比例-積分控制器，其係習知之 回授控制法則，藉調整比例常數與積分常數，達到穩定、精準與 快速控制的目的。 當蓄電池蓄電量不同時’會產生不同的電壓狀態，利用前 述開關控制方法（如PWM)於放電，可以進一步應用智慧型放電模 式’直接依據操作狀態調整平均放電電流或功率，可不必裝設直 流變壓器（DC/DC converter)來升壓或降壓，也可避免其能量轉 換損失，達到經濟、省能的目的。 上述之智慧型放電模式為利用檢測蓄電池蓄電量，然後依 據蓄電池蓄電量來調整LED之平均放電電流或功率，達到調光控 制的目的。 前述之獨立型太陽能led照明之充、放電智慧型控制系統， 其實現時，控制器内含有防逆電流保護裝置，以防止日照不足 時’蓄電池產生逆流而造成太陽電池損壞。 前述之獨立型太陽能LED照明之充、放電智慧型控制系統， 其實現時控制器内含穩壓電路，用以供應所有控制電路所需之操 作電力。 前述之獨立型太陽能LED照明之充、放電智慧型控制系統， 其實現時控制器可選用含有電壓量測功能之微處理機來設計；如 7 200900894 果所選用之微處理機不含有電壓量測功能，則可另加一太陽電池 或蓄電池端電壓量測電路，將所測得之電壓訊號傳給微處理機。 别述之獨立型太陽能led照明系統之充、放電智慧型控制 系統’其實現時控制器内含有電流量測電路，其係一串接之標準 電阻，其產生之電愿則輸入微處理機，由其内部之類比_數位轉 換器（Analog to Digital Converter)，將此類比電壓訊號轉換 為數位訊號’並儲存於微處理機内做運算處理。 别述之獨立型太陽能led照明系統之充、放電智慧型控制 系統，其實現時控制器含有對外連接頭，能夠連接太陽電池、蓄 電池與LED燈具負載。 前述之獨立型太陽能LED照明系統之充、放電智慧型控制 系統，其實現時控制器内含有白天、夜晚之判斷邏輯利用連續 量測與分析太陽電池端電壓值，來判斷白天、曰落與夜晚。 前述之獨立型太陽能LED照明系統之充、放電智慧型控制 系統，其實現時控制器内含有操作設定電路，可利用此電路依不 同情況調整所需之平均電流或平均功率設定值，使得此系統應用 於不同場合時，能更加具有彈性。 前述之獨立型太陽能LED照明系統之充、放電智慧型控制系 統，其實現時控制器内含有一程序輸入電路，利用此電路可直接 對微處理機之程式做更改與修正，增加設計與操作之彈性。 【實施方式】 請參閱第一圖，本創作主要係包含微處理機丨，穩壓電路2, 防逆電流保護裝置3，充電功率放A|| 4，放電功率放大器5， 蓄電池端電壓量測電路6,蓄電池連接端子7，led燈具連接端 子8,太陽電池連接端子9’程序輸入電路1〇,操作設定電路u， 200900894 太陽電池端電壓量測電路12，蓄電池電流量測電路13。 藉由前述構件之組合，構成一獨立型太陽能LED照明系統 之充、放電智慧型控制器21，其係利用穩壓電路2，供應所有控 制電路所需之操作電力。 上述獨立型太陽能LED照明之充、放電智慧型控制系統， 其實現時控制器21可選用含有電壓量測功能之微處理機i來設 计，則蓄電池端電壓量測電路6或太陽電池端電壓量測電路工2 可以省略。 此獨立型太陽能led照明系統之充、放電智慧型控制器2 J， 利用防逆電流保護裝置3,於白天充電時，不致因太陽輻射不穩 造成太陽電池輸出電力不足，產生逆向電流；夜晚放電時，不致 因蓄電池電壓過高產生逆向電流。 此獨立型太陽能LED照明系統之充、放電智慧型控制器21， 利用微處理機1，輸出一訊號來控制充電功率放大器4的開關動 作’能夠於白天時’配合回授控制做蓄電池的充電控制。 參閱第二圖，此為一充電控制之實施方式方塊圖，此方式 為回授蓄電池端電壓並與所設定之電壓值相減而得一控制誤差 訊號’並由微處理機1内的控制運算器’依據控制法則運算後， 輸出一開關控制之訊號給放大晶體（充電功率放大器4)，使太陽 電池所產生之電流依此開關訊號放大後，流入蓄電池17儲存。 上述充電電流之開關控制可採用PWM (puise Width modulation)控制方式達成，此方法為在一固定時間週期内，重 複調整此週期内開與關的時間長度比例’可達到調整平均電流或 平均功率的目的。上述之時間週期内開的時間長度與週期的百分 比值’即為PWM之責任週期（Duty-Cycle)。 上述蓄電池充電控制法則的設計可分成兩階段控制，當蓄 200900894 電池端電壓尚未接近設定值時，將開關控制設為全開（責任週期 為100%) ’以加速充電’並充分儲存太陽電池之發電，·當蓄電池 端電壓接近設定值時，將開關控制依據回授控制理論，如比例_ 積分-微分（PID)法則’進行運算，然後由微處理機1輸出一責任 週期（0-100%)訊號給放大晶體（充電功率放大器4);如此進行充 電控制’以使蓄電池可快速充電同時避免過充。 由於太陽輕射經常不穩定’當曰照量急遽改變時，可能造 成充電電流過局而損壞蓄電池。因此，在設計回授控制器時，可 將曰照量變化當做干擾因素，並依據習知回授控制原理，設計一 可消除此干擾因素之控制器，能有效保護蓄電池不過充。 參閱第二圖，為充電控制系統實際驗證測試結果，在蓄電 池電壓已達14V，接近飽和電壓（14.2V)時，充電控制系統切入 PWM回授控制（採pI法則）。因此當太陽輻射由344w/m2突然升高 至862W/m2時，蓄電池瞬間充電電流由2A變化至5A，但經由回 授系統的作用’蓄電池端電壓在突升至14· 2V後立即下降至 14V，前後歷時約8秒鐘，並未超越極限值（14.2V)，而這項測試 疋在屬於極嚴苛之環境變化條件下進行的（輻射變化劇烈、PM 回授控制之切換電壓14V非常接近極限值14.2V)，由此可以證 明本發明之充電控制系統確能保護蓄電池在太陽輻射激烈變化 環境下的充電過程。 參閱第四圖，為一蓄電池放電（LED點燈）控制實施方式，此 獨立型太陽能LED照明系統之充放電智慧型控制器21，在放電 時（LED點燈），利用微處理機j直接量測蓄電池端電壓或利用 蓄電池端電壓量測電路6量得蓄電池端電壓，並利用此端電壓換 算出蓄電池蓄電量，然後依據蓄電量大小計算出平均放電電流 量，由微處理機1依據控制法則進行開關控制訊號之運算，並輸 200900894 出一開關控制訊號給放電功率放5，將此開㈣號放大成 LED燈具的驅動電流以產生照明效果，因此L〇可得一穩定之平 均定電流輸入，並可以隨時依據需求調整平均放電電流，達到 LED調光控制的目的。 參閱第五圖，此為另一蓄電池放電回授控制實施方式，此 方式為/則量通過led燈具之平均電流與蓄電池端電壓，將兩者相 乘所獲得的平均放電功率訊號’進行回授，然後與功率設定值相 減而得一控制誤差訊號，再將此控制誤差訊號傳入控制運算器， {依據控讳4法則進行開關控制訊號之運#，並輸出至放大晶體（放 電功率放大器），將此開關訊號放大成LED燈具的驅動電流以產 生照明效果，因此LED可得一穩定之平均定功率輸入，並可以隨 時依據需求調整平均放電功率，達到LED調光控制的目的。 前述之開關訊號可為一 PWM訊號。 剛述太陽能LED照明系統之充、放電智慧型控制器2 i，在 放電時（LED點燈），可以依據蓄電池之蓄電量大小利用微處理機 1以及功率放大器5進行輸入[ED燈具之定電流或定功率之控 〔 制。為節省用電以提高照明續航力，可以跟據每天曰落時之蓄電 池蓄電量來改變平均放電電流或功率，於深夜至凌晨人煙稀少 時，自動降低放電電流或功率，即降低led燈照度，以減少耗電’ 達到提南續航力的效果。 參閱第六圖，此為蓄電池放電與LED燈具之調光控制曲線圖之一 個實施例（四個時段），利用微處理機丨之計時功能，於日落後之t。時 間，蓄電池開始放電點亮U：D燈，此時平均放電電流或功率可隨意設 為初始值（〗。或P。）’其相對比例值r。定義為1 .〇。經過某時段後之ti 時間（可能是深夜）’降低蓄電池平均放電電流或功率至比例值ri;然 後在t2時間，降低蓄電池平均放電電流或功率至比例值r2;在t3時閭， 200900894 降低蓄電池平均放電電流或功率至比例值Γ3，依此類推。 太陽能LED照明系統之智慧型充放電控制器21，可以依照需 求，隨意設定時段t。、qhh、…，一直到熄燈時間tf，以及設定 平均放電電流或放電功率之初始值(〗。或p。)與相對比例值q、Γ2、 1·3、…’以降低LED燈照度’減少耗電’達到提高續航力的效果β 上述之獨立智慧型太陽能LED燈具充、放電控制器，於放 電時，蓄電池放電（即LED調光控制）程序，係在不改變蓄電池輸 出電壓下’直接利用開關控制技術調整蓄電池平均放電電流或功 率’對LED產生定電流或定功率的操作特性，並且能夠跟據每天 入夜前之蓄電池蓄電量C。來改變初始平均放電電流（I。）或功率值 (P。）大小’降低LED燈照度，減少耗電，達到提高續航力的效果。 參閱第七圖，此為初始蓄電池平均放電電流（I。）或功率值（p。) 隨初始蓄電池蓄電量C。之設定模式之一實施例（四段式），可以 依下列邏輯設定： (1) 蓄電量範圍 C3<Co<100%:Io=koImax 或 p〇=k0pmax Imax為LED額定之最大輸入電流值；200900894 VIII. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] This creation relates to a smart type charge and discharge control system for independent solar led (light-emitting diode) illumination, especially one that is not connected in parallel with the commercial power and is completely powered by the solar cell. LED lighting system. [Prior Art] According to the controller of the general-purpose independent solar LED (light-emitting diode) lighting system, when the solar cell generates electricity and charges in the battery during the day, the charging current cannot be adjusted' to achieve high efficiency and safe charging mode. Only use a simple switching circuit to charge and discharge the battery to control the battery to protect the battery from overcharging. During the charging process, it is easy to cause the charging current to be unstable due to the drastic changes in solar radiation. The controller of the general independent solar lighting system can not adjust the discharge current size 'so that the system load power can not be automatically adjusted according to different conditions', so that the power consumption can not be reduced, resulting in low system endurance. Since the voltage variation range of the battery during discharge is not small, and the sensitivity of the LED to the voltage is quite high, a slight voltage change will cause a large current change, which easily damages the LED. Therefore, when battery power is used to illuminate an LED lamp, a DC voltage-to-voltage converter (DC/DC converter) is generally connected in series, or a constant current converter 'converts the battery voltage into a fixed voltage or current suitable for the LED lamp. . However, the energy conversion loss caused by the addition of a voltage or current converter makes the system's endurance insufficient and increases the cost burden. 5 200900894 [Invention content] The main purpose of this creation is to provide a smart type of charging and discharging control system for independent solar LED (lighting one body) illumination. When charging, with the feedback control program, the battery can be automatically adjusted. The amount of charging current, in order to quickly charge the battery and suppress the amount of change in charging current when the amount of illuminating changes rapidly, effectively protecting the battery but not charging, and providing a reliable charging control mode to extend the service life of the battery; Discharge and LED dimming control program, directly drive the LED without changing the battery output voltage, directly use the switch control technology to adjust the battery discharge average current or power, saving the general need to add DC transformer (DC / DC converter) Energy loss and cost, the operating characteristics of the LED to produce constant current or constant power, and can change the average discharge current or discharge power value according to the battery storage capacity when it falls every day, and can set different dimming periods and LED illumination at will. Change, reduce discharge current or power with LED lights , Reduced power consumption, to improve the endurance of the solar LED lighting effect. The charging and discharging control method described above is that a power amplifier is connected in series between the battery and the solar battery, and between the battery and the LED lighting device, and a switching signal is outputted to the power amplifier by the microprocessor to control the sun. The battery or LED lamp current, or the battery current is turned on or off, and the average current amount is adjusted by changing the switching frequency of the switching signal or the length of the conduction ❹1 to achieve the purpose of the variable current amount. The above-mentioned independent intelligent solar LED lamp charging and discharging control system may be a field effect transistor (FET), etc., and the microprocessor outputs a signal to control the gate voltage of the gate, which can be controlled. The current of the battery or the current flowing through the led lamp is turned on or off. The above-mentioned charging and discharging current switching mode can adopt PWM (pulse w (four) 200900894 modulation) 'This method is to adjust the ratio of the length of opening and closing in this time period repeatedly in a fixed time period, and can adjust the average current or the average power. purpose. The percentage of the length of time and the period of the period in the short period of time described above is the duty cycle of the PWM (Duty-Cycle). The above PWM control method can be used in conjunction with the feedback control principle to quickly charge and overcharge the animal battery, and can effectively suppress the change of the charging current when the amount of sunshine changes rapidly, so that the battery does not generate Charge. The aforementioned feedback control principle can use a proportional-integral controller, which is a conventional feedback control rule, which adjusts the proportional constant and the integral constant to achieve stable, precise and rapid control. When the battery storage capacity is different, 'different voltage states will be generated. By using the above-mentioned switch control method (such as PWM) for discharging, the smart discharge mode can be further applied to adjust the average discharge current or power directly according to the operation state, without having to install DC Transformer (DC / DC converter) to boost or step down, can also avoid its energy conversion loss, to achieve economic and energy-saving purposes. The above-mentioned intelligent discharge mode is to adjust the average discharge current or power of the LED according to the storage battery storage capacity, and to achieve the purpose of dimming control. In the above-mentioned independent type solar LED lighting charging and discharging intelligent control system, when implemented, the controller contains an anti-reverse current protection device to prevent the solar battery from being damaged due to the reverse flow of the battery when the sunshine is insufficient. In the above-mentioned independent solar LED lighting charging and discharging intelligent control system, the controller includes a voltage stabilizing circuit for supplying all the operating power required by the control circuit. In the above-mentioned independent solar LED lighting charging and discharging intelligent control system, the controller can be designed by using a microprocessor containing a voltage measuring function; for example, 200900894, the selected microprocessor does not contain a voltage measuring function. Then, a solar cell or battery terminal voltage measuring circuit can be added to transmit the measured voltage signal to the microprocessor. In addition, the charging and discharging intelligent control system of the independent solar LED lighting system is implemented. The controller includes a current measuring circuit, which is a series of standard resistors, and the generated electric power is input into the microprocessor. Its internal analog to digital converter (Analog to Digital Converter) converts this type of voltage signal into a digital signal' and stores it in the microprocessor for arithmetic processing. In addition, the charging and discharging intelligent control system of the independent solar LED lighting system realizes that the controller has an external connector and can connect the solar battery, the storage battery and the LED lamp load. In the above-mentioned independent solar LED lighting system, the charging and discharging intelligent control system realizes the daytime and nighttime judgment logic in the controller, and uses the continuous measurement and analysis of the solar cell terminal voltage value to judge the daytime, the fall and the night. In the above-mentioned independent solar LED lighting system, the charging and discharging intelligent control system has an operation setting circuit in the controller, and the circuit can adjust the required average current or average power setting value according to different conditions, so that the system is applied. It can be more flexible on different occasions. The charging and discharging intelligent control system of the independent solar LED lighting system described above has a program input circuit in the controller, and the circuit can directly modify and correct the program of the microprocessor to increase the flexibility of design and operation. . [Embodiment] Please refer to the first figure. This creation mainly includes microprocessor, voltage regulator circuit 2, anti-reverse current protection device 3, charging power amplifier A|| 4, discharge power amplifier 5, battery terminal voltage measurement Circuit 6, battery connection terminal 7, LED lamp connection terminal 8, solar cell connection terminal 9' program input circuit 1〇, operation setting circuit u, 200900894 solar cell terminal voltage measurement circuit 12, battery current measurement circuit 13. The combination of the above components constitutes a charge and discharge intelligent controller 21 of a stand-alone solar LED illumination system, which uses the voltage stabilizing circuit 2 to supply the operating power required by all the control circuits. The above-mentioned independent solar LED lighting charging and discharging intelligent control system, when implemented, the controller 21 can be designed with a microprocessor i containing a voltage measuring function, and the battery terminal voltage measuring circuit 6 or the solar battery terminal voltage amount Test circuit 2 can be omitted. The charging and discharging intelligent controller 2 J of the independent solar LED lighting system utilizes the anti-reverse current protection device 3 to prevent the solar cell output power from being insufficient due to solar radiation instability during the daytime charging, and generating a reverse current; When the battery voltage is too high, reverse current is generated. The charging and discharging intelligent controller 21 of the independent solar LED lighting system uses the microprocessor 1 to output a signal to control the switching operation of the charging power amplifier 4 'can be used during the daytime to cooperate with the feedback control to perform charging control of the battery . Referring to the second figure, this is a block diagram of a charging control implementation, which is to feedback the battery terminal voltage and subtract the set voltage value to obtain a control error signal 'and is controlled by the microprocessor 1 After the operation according to the control law, a switch control signal is output to the amplifying crystal (charging power amplifier 4), so that the current generated by the solar cell is amplified by the switching signal, and then flows into the battery 17 for storage. The above-mentioned charging current switching control can be achieved by using a PWM (puise Width modulation) control method, which is to repeatedly adjust the ratio of the length of the opening and closing periods in the period in a fixed time period to achieve an adjustment of the average current or the average power. purpose. The percentage of time length to period in the above time period is the duty cycle of the PWM (Duty-Cycle). The design of the above battery charging control rule can be divided into two-stage control. When the battery terminal voltage of 200900894 is not close to the set value, the switch control is set to fully open (the duty cycle is 100%) 'to accelerate charging' and fully store the solar cell power generation. When the battery terminal voltage approaches the set value, the switch control is operated according to the feedback control theory, such as the proportional_integral-derivative (PID) rule, and then the microprocessor 1 outputs a duty cycle (0-100%). The signal is given to the amplifying crystal (charging power amplifier 4); charging control is thus performed 'to enable the battery to be quickly charged while avoiding overcharging. Since the sun is often too unstable, when the amount of illuminance changes sharply, it may cause a charging current to pass through and damage the battery. Therefore, when designing the feedback controller, the change of the amount of illumination can be regarded as the interference factor, and according to the conventional feedback control principle, a controller that can eliminate the interference factor can effectively protect the battery from being charged. Referring to the second figure, the actual verification test results for the charge control system. When the battery voltage has reached 14V and is close to the saturation voltage (14.2V), the charge control system cuts into the PWM feedback control (using the pI rule). Therefore, when the solar radiation suddenly rises from 344w/m2 to 862W/m2, the instantaneous charging current of the battery changes from 2A to 5A, but through the function of the feedback system, the battery terminal voltage drops to 14V immediately after the sudden rise to 14.2V. After about 8 seconds, it did not exceed the limit value (14.2V), and the test was carried out under extremely harsh environmental conditions (radiation changes drastically, the switching voltage of the PM feedback control is very close to 14V) The limit value is 14.2V), which proves that the charging control system of the present invention can protect the charging process of the battery under the environment of intense solar radiation. Referring to the fourth figure, a battery discharge (LED lighting) control embodiment, the charge and discharge intelligent controller 21 of the independent solar LED lighting system, during discharge (LED lighting), using the microprocessor j direct amount Measure the battery terminal voltage or use the battery terminal voltage measuring circuit 6 to measure the battery terminal voltage, and use the terminal voltage to convert the battery storage capacity, and then calculate the average discharge current amount according to the amount of stored electricity, which is controlled by the microprocessor 1 according to the control law. Perform the operation of the switch control signal, and input 200900894 to output a switch control signal to the discharge power release 5, and enlarge the open (4) number into the drive current of the LED lamp to generate the illumination effect, so L〇 can obtain a stable average constant current input. And can adjust the average discharge current according to the demand at any time to achieve the purpose of LED dimming control. Referring to the fifth figure, this is another battery discharge feedback control implementation method, in which the average current and the battery terminal voltage of the LED lamp are multiplied, and the average discharge power signal obtained by multiplying the two is fed back. And then subtracting the power set value to obtain a control error signal, and then transmitting the control error signal to the control operator, {switching the control signal according to the control 4 rule, and outputting to the amplifying crystal (discharge power amplifier) ), the switching signal is amplified into the driving current of the LED lamp to generate the lighting effect, so the LED can obtain a stable average constant power input, and can adjust the average discharging power according to the demand at any time to achieve the purpose of LED dimming control. The aforementioned switching signal can be a PWM signal. Just described the charging and discharging intelligent controller 2 i of the solar LED lighting system. When discharging (LED lighting), the microprocessor 1 and the power amplifier 5 can be used for input according to the storage capacity of the battery [the constant current of the ED lamp) Or control of the power. In order to save electricity to improve the endurance of lighting, you can change the average discharge current or power according to the battery storage capacity when you fall down every day. When the smoke is scarce from late night to early morning, the discharge current or power is automatically reduced, that is, the illumination of the led lamp is reduced to reduce The power consumption' has the effect of reaching the endurance of the South. Referring to the sixth figure, this is an example of a dimming control curve for battery discharge and LED luminaires (four periods), using the timing function of the microprocessor to t after sunset. At the time, the battery starts to discharge and illuminates the U:D lamp. At this time, the average discharge current or power can be arbitrarily set to the initial value (〖. or P.)' relative proportional value r. Defined as 1. . After a certain period of time ti time (may be late at night) 'reduce the average battery discharge current or power to the proportional value ri; then at t2 time, reduce the average battery discharge current or power to the proportional value r2; at t3 闾, 200900894 lower the battery The average discharge current or power is proportional to Γ3, and so on. The intelligent charging and discharging controller 21 of the solar LED lighting system can set the time period t as needed according to the demand. , qhh, ..., until the light-off time tf, and set the initial value of the average discharge current or discharge power (〗. or p.) and the relative ratio value q, Γ 2, 1·3, ... 'to reduce the LED illumination illuminance' decrease The power consumption 'achieves the effect of improving the endurance force. β The above-mentioned independent intelligent solar LED lamp charging and discharging controller. When discharging, the battery discharging (ie, LED dimming control) program is based on the direct use of the switch without changing the battery output voltage. The control technology adjusts the average discharge current or power of the battery to produce a constant current or constant power operation characteristic of the LED, and can follow the battery storage capacity C before the night before. To change the initial average discharge current (I.) or power value (P.) size to reduce the illumination of the LED lamp, reduce power consumption, and achieve the effect of improving endurance. Referring to Figure 7, this is the initial battery average discharge current (I.) or power value (p.) with the initial battery storage capacity C. One of the setting modes (four-stage) can be set according to the following logic: (1) The amount of stored electricity C3<Co<100%: Io=koImax or p〇=k0pmax Imax is the maximum input current value of the LED;
Pm ax為LED額定之最焉輸入功率值。 (2) 蓄電量範圍 C2<C〇<C3: 1。= k3Imax 或 P〇= k3pmax (3) 蓄電量範圍（^<(：。<(：2: 1。= k2Imax 或 P，k2Pmax (4) 蓄電量範圍 〇<(：。<0：1:1。=1^1_ 或 PfkJmax C。之控制段數η以及比例值k。、ki、k2，k3、...之大小均可以任意 設定，並將該些設定參數，輸入於上述獨立智慧型太陽能LED燈 具充、放電控制器中。 前述獨立太陽能LED照明系統之智慧型充、放電控制器21， 利用太陽電池端電壓之連續偵測，來判斷曰落時間。當太陽電池 輸出電壓值連續趨於零時，即代表曰落，此時微處理機1開始啟 12 200900894 動计時功能，俾能做為開燈與調光控制時段之時間基準，同時微 處理機1會切斷蓄電池之充電模式，而進入放電模式；當太陽電 池輸出電壓值連續大於某數值時，即代表白天，此時微處理機i 之汁時功能歸零，同時微處理機丨會切斷蓄電池之放電模式，而 進入充電模式。參閱第八圖，此為前述獨立太陽能LED照明之智 慧型充放電控制系統邏輯圖。 刚述獨立太陽能LED照明系統之智慧型充、放電控制器21， 利用蓄電池連接端子7連接蓄電池。 刖述獨立太陽能LED照明系統之智慧型充、放電控制器21， 利用LED燈具連接端子8連接LED負載燈具。 刖述獨立太陽能LED照明系統之智慧型充、放電控制器21， 利用太陽電池連接端子9連接太陽電池。 刖述獨立太陽能LED照明系統之智慧型充、放電控制器2 i， 可利用一操作設定電路11，隨時給微處理機輸入系統操作參數 值，為方便應用，操作設定電路u可以採鍵盤' 按鍵或旋鈕式 裝置’達到人工操作設定目的。 前述獨立太陽能LED照明系統之智慧型充、放電控制器21， 可利用個人電腦將設計好之程序，透過程序輸入電路1〇，將程 序傳入微處理機中，以更改智慧型充、放電控制模式。為方便應 用，程序輸入電路10可以採鍵盤、按鍵或旋鈕式裝置。 月'J述獨立太能LED照明系統之智慧型充、放電控制器21， 其放電控制邏輯係利用第三或第四圖的放電控制程序方塊圖配 合第一圖之系統圖，將程序輪入至微處理機中，達到智慧型放電 調光控制的效果《整個系統控制邏輯如第六圖。 前述獨立太陽能LED照明系統之智慧型充、放電控制器21， 利用開關控制技術，可將平均最大放電電流或最大放電功率值設 200900894 定為LED額定之最大輸入電流或最高輸入功率值。 由於LED光源（1 amp)之量產過程會因品管關係，使其個別 發光特性有差異性’因此如採定電流驅動時，會造成LED半導體 接合面（jimct ion)溫度會隨氣溫變化’導致電氣特性改變，進而 使LED輸入功率以及照度降低或升高。上述之獨立智慧型太陽能 LED燈具充、放電控制器21’其所包含的LED燈具定功率回授控 制（第四圖），可產生定功率輸出至LED燈具，降低環境溫度對 LED照度之影響。 上述之獨立智慧型太陽能LED燈具充、放電控制器，在不 採用太陽電池供電，而係採一般直流電源供電時，可以加以簡化 成為LED照明燈具的定功率驅動控制器。 參閱第九圖’其為LED照明燈具的定功率驅動控制器系統 圖，其中包含有： 一穩壓電路2’可將蓄電池電壓轉換成為一穩定電壓，以供 應控制電路所需之操作電力； 一微處理機1，為控制系統之中央處理機内建軟體程式， 用以透過微處理機介面之傳輸訊號，執行回授控制，並輸出開關 控制訊號給功率放大器以進行LED照明之驅動控制； -直流電源端電壓量測電路6a ’其串接於直流電源m與 微處理機1之間’用㈣測直流電源端電屢，並傳送給微處理機； -直流電源流量測電路13a，其串接於直流電源與功率放大 器之間，用來偵測直流電源之電流，並傳送給微處理機；一放電 功率放大器5,其串接於直流電源仏與⑽燈之間，並與微處 理機1連接’接收微處理機輸出之開關訊號，放大成開關電流以 直接對LED燈18進行點燈； -直流電源連接端子7,其用以與外部直流電源做電連接； 14 200900894 一 LED燈具連接端子8，其用以與外部LED燈具做電連接； 其微處理機為控制系統之中央處理機，内建回授控制軟體程式， 利用該軟體程式使該LED照明驅動控制系統進行回授控制。Pm ax is the final input power value of the LED. (2) The amount of stored electricity C2<C〇<C3: 1. = k3Imax or P〇= k3pmax (3) Power storage range (^<(:.<(:2: 1.= k2Imax or P,k2Pmax (4) Storage range 〇<(:.<0: 1:1.=1^1_ or PfkJmax C. The number of control segments η and the scale value k, ki, k2, k3, ... can be arbitrarily set, and the set parameters are input to the above independent Intelligent solar LED lamp charging and discharging controller. The intelligent charging and discharging controller 21 of the above independent solar LED lighting system uses the continuous detection of the solar cell terminal voltage to judge the slump time. When the solar cell output voltage value When the continuous trend is zero, it represents the fall. At this time, the microprocessor 1 starts the 12 200900894 dynamic time function, and can be used as the time reference for the light-on and dimming control period, and the microprocessor 1 will cut off the battery. The charging mode enters the discharge mode; when the output voltage of the solar cell continuously exceeds a certain value, it represents daytime, when the juice of the microprocessor i is zeroed, and the microprocessor will cut off the discharge mode of the battery. And enter charging mode. See Figure 8, this The intelligent charging and discharging control system logic diagram of the above independent solar LED lighting. The intelligent charging and discharging controller 21 of the independent solar LED lighting system is connected to the battery by the battery connecting terminal 7. The intelligent type of the independent solar LED lighting system is described. The charging and discharging controller 21 is connected to the LED load lamp by using the LED lamp connecting terminal 8. The intelligent charging and discharging controller 21 of the independent solar LED lighting system is connected to the solar cell by the solar cell connecting terminal 9. The intelligent charging and discharging controller 2 i of the lighting system can input the operating parameter values of the microprocessor to the microprocessor at any time by using an operation setting circuit 11. For the convenience of application, the operation setting circuit u can adopt a keyboard 'key or knob type device' The manual operation setting purpose is achieved. The intelligent charging and discharging controller 21 of the independent solar LED lighting system can use a personal computer to transfer the designed program through the program input circuit 1 to transfer the program to the microprocessor to change. Intelligent charging and discharging control mode. For convenient application, program input 10 can use keyboard, button or knob device. Month 'J said independent intelligent LED lighting system intelligent charging and discharging controller 21, its discharge control logic is based on the third or fourth diagram of the discharge control program block diagram The system diagram of the first figure, the program is wheeled into the microprocessor to achieve the effect of intelligent discharge dimming control. The whole system control logic is as shown in the sixth figure. The intelligent charging and discharging controller of the above independent solar LED lighting system 21, using the switch control technology, the average maximum discharge current or maximum discharge power value can be set to 200900894 as the maximum input current or the highest input power value of the LED. Since the mass production process of the LED light source (1 amp) is different due to the quality control relationship, the individual luminescence characteristics are different. Therefore, if the current is driven, the temperature of the LED semiconductor junction will change with the temperature. This causes a change in electrical characteristics, which in turn causes the LED input power and illumination to decrease or increase. The above-mentioned independent intelligent solar LED lamp charging and discharging controller 21' includes a constant power feedback control of the LED lamp (fourth figure), which can generate a constant power output to the LED lamp to reduce the influence of the ambient temperature on the LED illumination. The above-mentioned independent intelligent solar LED lamp charging and discharging controller can be simplified into a constant power driving controller of the LED lighting fixture when the power is not supplied by the solar battery and the general DC power supply is used. Referring to the ninth figure, which is a system diagram of a constant power drive controller for an LED lighting fixture, which includes: a voltage stabilizing circuit 2' converts the battery voltage into a stable voltage to supply operating power required by the control circuit; The microprocessor 1 is a built-in software program of the central processing unit of the control system for performing feedback control through the transmission signal of the microprocessor interface, and outputting a switch control signal to the power amplifier for driving control of the LED illumination; The power terminal voltage measuring circuit 6a' is connected in series between the DC power source m and the microprocessor 1 'using (4) measuring the DC power terminal and transmitting it to the microprocessor; - DC power flow measuring circuit 13a, which is connected in series Between the DC power source and the power amplifier, the current of the DC power source is detected and transmitted to the microprocessor; a discharge power amplifier 5 is connected in series between the DC power source and the (10) lamp, and the microprocessor 1 Connect the 'switch signal receiving the output of the microprocessor, amplify the switch current to directly light the LED lamp 18; - DC power connection terminal 7, which is used for external DC power supply Electrical connection; 14 200900894 An LED lamp connection terminal 8 for electrically connecting with an external LED lamp; the microprocessor is a central processing unit of the control system, and a built-in feedback control software program is used to make the software program The LED lighting drive control system performs feedback control.
參閱第四圖’其方式為測量通過led燈具之平均電流與直流 電源之電壓’將兩者相乘所獲得的平均放電功率訊號，進行回 授，然後與功率設定值相減而得一控制誤差訊號，再將此控制誤 差訊號傳入微處理機中之控制運算器，依據控制法則進行開關控 制訊號之運算，並輸出至功率放大器，將此開關訊號放大成LED 燈具的驅動電流以產生照明效果，因此LED可得一穩定之平均定 功率驅動來維持固定照度。 _上述之LED照明燈具的定功率驅動控制器，其可透過一操作 定電路U隨時給微處理機輸入LED燈具之平均功率設定值； 2也可透過-程序輸人電路1G，自外界輸人—控制軟體給微處理 、’進行定功率回授控制。操作設定電路u與程序輪入電路 以包含習用之鍵盤、按鍵或旋鈕裝置以方便應用。 200900894 【圖式簡單說明】 第一圖係本創作之控制系統流程圖。 第二圖係本創作之充電回授控制系統方塊圖。 第三圖係本創作之充電控制系統測試結果。 第四圖係本創作之定電流放電回授控制系統方塊圖。 第五圖係本創作之定功率放電回授控制系統方塊圖。 第六圖係本創作之放電（LED照明）控制曲線。 第七圖係本創作之初始放電控制模式圖。 第八圖係本創作之控制系統邏輯圖。 第九圖係本創作之led照明定功率驅動控制器。 【主要元件符號說明】 1. 微處理機 2. 穩壓電路 3. 防逆電流保護裝置 4. 充電功率放大器 5. 放電功率放大器 6. 蓄電池端電壓量測電路 6a.直流電源電壓量測電路 7. 蓄電池連接端子 10. 程序輸入電路 11. 操作設定電路 12. 太陽電池電壓量測電路 13. 蓄電池端電流量測電路 13a.直流電源電流量測電路 17. 蓄電池 17a.直流電源 18. LED燈具 8. LED燈具連接端子 9. 太陽電池連接端子 19.太陽電池 21.獨立型太陽能LED照明系統之 智慧型充放電控制器 21 a. LED燈具之定功率驅動控制器Refer to the fourth figure 'The method is to measure the average current of the LED lamp and the voltage of the DC power supply' to multiply the average output power signal obtained by multiplying the two, and then subtract the power set value to obtain a control error. Signal, and then the control error signal is sent to the control operator in the microprocessor, and the switch control signal is calculated according to the control law, and output to the power amplifier, and the switch signal is amplified into the driving current of the LED lamp to generate the illumination effect. Therefore, the LED can obtain a stable average constant power drive to maintain a fixed illumination. _The above-mentioned LED lighting fixture's constant power drive controller can input the average power setting value of the LED lamp to the microprocessor at any time through an operation fixed circuit U; 2 can also input the human input circuit 1G through the external input system - Control software for micro-processing, 'for constant power feedback control. The operation setting circuit u and the program wheel circuit are included to include a conventional keyboard, button or knob device for convenient application. 200900894 [Simple description of the diagram] The first diagram is the flow chart of the control system of this creation. The second picture is a block diagram of the charge feedback control system of the present creation. The third picture is the test result of the charging control system of this creation. The fourth picture is a block diagram of the constant current discharge feedback control system of the present creation. The fifth figure is a block diagram of the power-discharge feedback control system of this creation. The sixth picture is the discharge (LED lighting) control curve of this creation. The seventh picture is the initial discharge control mode diagram of the present creation. The eighth figure is the logic diagram of the control system of this creation. The ninth figure is the LED lighting constant power drive controller of this creation. [Main component symbol description] 1. Microprocessor 2. Regulator circuit 3. Anti-reverse current protection device 4. Charging power amplifier 5. Discharge power amplifier 6. Battery terminal voltage measuring circuit 6a. DC power supply voltage measuring circuit 7 Battery connection terminal 10. Program input circuit 11. Operation setting circuit 12. Solar cell voltage measurement circuit 13. Battery terminal current measurement circuit 13a. DC power supply current measurement circuit 17. Battery 17a. DC power supply 18. LED lamp 8 LED lamp connection terminal 9. Solar cell connection terminal 19. Solar cell 21. Intelligent charge and discharge controller for independent solar LED lighting system 21 a. Fixed power drive controller for LED lamps