200846478 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技領域】 本發明屬超輕質鋰合金材料技術領域，特別係指製造提供 一種輕質合金材料作為輕量化結構元件之設計應用，本發明一 舉解決了傳統溶煉法因時間過長過熱所致污染及成分難掌控 之根本問題，具有新穎的、安全的、經濟的、有效率的功效。 【先前技術】 鋰材是密度最低(0.534 g/cm3)的金屬，其合金的密度亦相 對很低，因而是輕量化結構元件設計之極佳候選材料。鋰是非 常活潑的元素，熔點又低(180.541)，當受熱時極易氧化和揮 發，而偏偏經合金中所添加的合金元素熔點又相對很高，故鐘 合金之溶煉是異常困難的。 鋰合金的傳統熔煉法是採用真空感應溶煉 Induction Melting，VIM)技術，概分成順向加料法和逆向加 料法兩種技術。順向加料法熔煉技術步驟如下：〇_1}感應爐 先抽高真空以乾淨整個腔體；（卜2)將輯置入_内，以小 功率感應加熱之，並持續抽真空充分除氣；（卜3)注入氮氣後， 開始提高加熱功率，使鐘熔化到某高溫；〇_4)接著陸續加入 合金材料’因比重的關係而直接沉到職，此時合金素材上所 吸附的水氣油潰將導人氧、氫、碳...等污染，這裡要特別強調 鋰受到氧化碳化的污染物比重和鐘合金湯比重相若，且混合在 -起的’是無法以重力分離的，錢固溶在含㈣合金湯中則 5 200846478 姐形女疋’故含經合金湯一旦受到污染就極難排除乾淨· (1 5) 欲使沉入堝底的合金材料和鋰湯完全熔合，唯靠再提升功率拉 高溫度和延長時間一途，但此舉非但使鋰揮發更多，熔湯又吸 取更多的污雜’ _致成份失控失敗；（卜6)瓶湯=全溶 合後(實際上未熔固塊沉在堝底是甚難察覺到的），稍作靜置再 倒入鑄模中成錠。至於逆向加料法之熔煉技術步驟如下：（2一0 感應爐仍先抽高真空以儘可能清潔腔體；（2—2)持續抽真空， 坩堝内放入高熔點合金材料，先小功率而大功率加熱熔解之， 且維持在相當高溫，直到完全合金湯化；（2—3)注入氬氣再將 鋰塊置入坩堝内，鋰受高熱溶解而飄浮在最上層，是為最易受 到污染之處所，然而因比重相差極為懸殊（密度比約3~2〇 倍）’必須耗用更長的時間溶合，根本上亦無法避免因溶製時 間過長過熱所致的污染和成份揮發問題而面臨失敗；（2_4)待 熔湯完全熔合後，稍作靜置再倒入鑄模中成錠。以上所介紹的 兩種鋰合金傳統熔煉技術，皆無法避免因長時間過熱所衍生的 污染和成份失控因素，使整個製程充滿變數，合金品質無法有 效提升。 【發明内容】 本發明乃針對上述鋰合金傳統熔煉技術之缺失，特別設計 安排整個熔煉製程，排除了長時間過熱致污染和成份失控因 素’產製出南品質的經合金。 6 200846478 緣疋本發月之主要目的在提供一種超輕質鋰合金材料製 造方法，其步驟如下： α)將較高熔點的合金元素，例如鋁、鎂、錳、錯、鋅、鈦、 銳紀銅銀、石夕···等，依著需求比例秤重後放進真空感;i爐 的熔煉掛堝内； ⑵感應爐抽高真^，先小功率再大神錢加熱，等待完 全熔合成均勻合金湯； 鲁 （3)將合金湯倒入有鈍氣保護並預置定量锂材之盛桶中； (4) 鋰材經合金湯激烈地沖刷、混合和擴散作用，逐漸形成 均勻熔湯; (5) 將熔湯倒進鑄模中成錠，冷卻後取出。 【實施方式】 為達成本發明前述目的之技術手段，茲以下列實施例說明，貴 審查委貞可由之對本發明之方法、特徵及所達狀功效，獲致更 :· 佳之瞭解。 〈實施例一〉鋰-鎂合金的熔煉 鎂是極重要的輕金屬（1· 74 g/cm3)，若能大量加入鋰合金 中’愈能保持鐘合金的低密度特性，本發明嚐試熔煉鋰鎂合 金’結果是空前的好，其溶煉技術步驟如下： 1·首先將鎂(Mg)、鋁(A1)、鋅(Zn)、鍅(Zr)、銃(Sc)、釔(Y) 等合金材料依比例配重，放入真空感應熔煉爐的坩堝内，抽 南真空， 7 200846478 2. 以小功率預熱合金材料幫助除氣除污： 3. 接著注人統’緩倾高功钱應加減製合金湯； 4. 在.850。⑽持溫適當時間（視合金元素的種類及量而 疋）’專待完全溶透； 5. 將凡王熔透的合金湯倒人特定尺寸的盛桶内（使溶湯的深 度與桶徑相若），盛桶内預置需要量的鋰塊； 6. 鐘材經合金湯熱流激浙概合，再加上_高擴散特性 使之均勻，約歷時2分鐘後，再倒入禱模中；（為提高炼製成 功率’須考細合金湯的量、溫度與鋰量關係，必要時盛 桶要預熱或借助墊著震動器等攪動裝置以加強攪拌。） 7·待冷至100°C以下，即可順利取出鑄錠。 利用上述方法製程，避開了長時間過熱所產生的污染和成 份失控後遺症，成功煉製一系列高品質超輕鋰鎂合金如下表所 列’鑄錠尺寸為外徑205 mm，長約500腿，重約25 kg。審 視鑄錠的外觀及鋸除澆冒口的斷面，均無微孔氣泡的發現，將 這些鋰鎂合金在180〜250它間作擠型加工，直接擠出3mm厚 的板材，接著檢測其冷輥軋性，由於這些合金的成形性能非常 優異穩定’可軋延量超過50%，順利軋延成薄板（0.15〜 1.0mm) ’當中的製程退火（lnter—annealing)溫度採用Mo C ’總括它們的機械物理性能與輕質鋁材、鈦材作比較，亦另 表列在下。 g 200846478 物性 材料 密度(ρ) g/cm3 彈性係數 (Ε) GPa j 抗拉強度 ⑹ MPa 伸長率 (ε) % 内耗阻 尼 比勁度 E/p 29 A B 1·58 1 50 45 Λ Λ 160 25 --- C 1.43 44 43 140 120 卜90 40 70 0.05 29 D 4SL(i inn η\ 卜 1·35 43 0.01 0.01 30 ΐυϋ*\/) 鈦(α·Ή) 2.71 4.51 70 100 9 500 45 25 0.002 0.002 26 22 元素 合金 鋰 wt% 鎂 wt% 鋁 wt% 錳 Wt% 鋅 Wt% j 锆~ wt% 銃 _wt% 釔 wt% 0.05 A B 5.5 g 93.5 91 1 - 1 L / II C 10 15 89 1 ~：— 0.3 _：_ 0.5 0.02 — 由於上述各鐘鎂合金均具有低密度、高比勁度、高内耗吸 振性、高成形性…等物性，此三高一低的特性，極適合勢八振 動膜的應用。我們試著選用〇· 15mm厚的c合金薄板，將之沖 壓成喇队振動膜，並組裝成喇u八單體，於無響室内依喇队標準 平w式驗方法測出不同頻率的聲壓（S〇und pressure Leve 1， SPL)曲線變化，與同型鋁質喇叭作比較，發現5⑻Hz以下之聲 壓差異並不大，但在500〜7k Hz的頻寬間，鋰鎂喇叭的聲壓 表現則較平穩，音質的變異(Harmonic Distortion)較小，顯 示出在此方面的應用潛力。 〈實施例二〉鋰—鋁合金的熔煉 銘也是一種輕金屬（2. 71 g/cm3)，亦為輕質鋰合金的優選 一、，％、、加物’故本發明也選擇鐘銘合金作溶煉比對，它的溶煉 200846478 步驟如下：先將鋁(Al)、鎂（Mg)、錳(Μη)、銅（Cu)、鈦(Ti)、 錄(Zr)、銀(^)、鋅(211)、矽(8〇等合金材料照著下表比例秤 重，且依著前實施例步驟，在800°C熔製成合金湯，接著倒入 盛桶中與鋰混拌均勻，再注入鑄模中成錠，亦避開了長時間過 熱所產生的污染和成份失控後遺症。鑄錠外徑205 mm，長度 約500刪，重約4〇 kg。檢視這些鑄錠外觀和鋸除澆冒口的斷 面’亦無微孔氣泡的發現’並在4〇(Tc直接擠製成管材和板材， 擠態下的材料延伸率超過15%，具冷輥軋性質，溫軋性則更佳， 適合輕結構材料的設計應用，例如腳踏車等運動器材。 π素 合金 鋰 wt% 鋁 wt% 銅 wt% 鎂 wt% 錳 wt% 鍅 wt% 鈦 wt% 銀 wt% 鋅 wt% 矽 wt% 銃 wt% Ε 2.5 94 2.5 0.3 0·1 0.15 0.1 • 01 F 2.5 93 1.5 1.0 0.1 0.15 0.1 _ 0.2 0.2 G L5 92 5.5 0.4 二. 0.15 0.4 — - 〈實施例三〉半大氣鐘合金溶煉法 為了再降低鋰合金的製作成本’我們試著簡化熔煉流程， 將實施例一之鎂合金湯改成施以熔劑（Flux)覆蓋法大氣熔 煉實加例一之銘合金湯則換成大氣中熔煉，兩者均作好除氣 (氫)步驟後’移入有鈍氣保護之隔腔内，倒入預置鐘材的盛桶 中，待混拌均勻後再傾人鑄财成錠，同樣避開了長時間過熱 所產生的污麵成份失控魏症，絲錠材品質和先前的結果 並無一致，半大氣鋰合金熔煉法又獲得空前成功。 200846478 綜上所述，本發明所揭露之一種「超輕質鐘合金材料製造 方法」為昔所無，亦未曾見於國内外公開之刊物上，理已且新 穎性之專利要件，又本發明射摒除習用技術缺失，並達成設 2目的’亦已総符合㈣專件，銳法提㈣請，謹請 貝審查委員惠予審查’並賜予本案專利，實感德便。 惟以上_者，鶴轉仅-難可行實_而已，並 鲁 非用以拘限本發明之範圍’舉凡熟悉此項技藝人士，運用本發 明說明書及申請專利範圍所作之替代性製造方法，理應包括 於本發明之專利範圍内。200846478 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field of the invention] The invention belongs to the technical field of ultra-light lithium alloy materials, in particular to the design and application of providing a lightweight alloy material as a lightweight structural element, and the invention solves the conventional problem The lysing method has novel, safe, economical and efficient effects due to the long-term overheating and the fundamental problem of pollution and composition control. [Prior Art] Lithium is the lowest density (0.534 g/cm3) metal, and its alloy density is relatively low, making it an excellent candidate for lightweight structural component design. Lithium is a very active element with a low melting point (180.541). It is easily oxidized and volatilized when heated, and the melting point of alloying elements added to the alloy is relatively high. Therefore, the melting of the alloy is extremely difficult. The traditional melting method of lithium alloy is vacuum induction melting Induction Melting (VIM) technology, which is divided into two technologies: forward feeding method and reverse feeding method. The smelting technique of the forward feeding method is as follows: 〇_1} The induction furnace first draws a high vacuum to clean the entire cavity; (Bu 2) puts the series into _, heats it with low power induction, and continuously de-energizes the vacuum. (Bu 3) After injecting nitrogen, start to increase the heating power, so that the bell melts to a certain high temperature; 〇 _4) then successively add the alloy material 'directly due to the specific gravity, at this time the water adsorbed on the alloy material Gas oil collapse will lead to pollution of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, etc. Here, special emphasis should be placed on the specific gravity of lithium oxidized and carbonized, and the specific gravity of the alloy is similar, and the mixture is not separated by gravity. , money solid solution in the (four) alloy soup is 5 200846478 Sister-shaped 疋 故 故 故 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金 合金Only by increasing the power to pull up the temperature and prolonging the time, but this will not only make the lithium volatilize more, but also absorb more impurities in the melt soup. _ The component loses control failure; (Bu 6) bottle soup = full fusion After (the fact that the unmelted block sinks to the bottom of the bottom is hard to detect) , Allowed to stand and poured into slightly into an ingot mold. As for the smelting technique of the reverse feeding method, the steps are as follows: (2 0 Induction furnace still first draws a high vacuum to clean the cavity as much as possible; (2-2) continuously draws a vacuum, and the high melting point alloy material is placed in the crucible, firstly low power High-power heating and melting, and maintained at a relatively high temperature until the alloy is completely cast; (2-3) injecting argon gas and then placing the lithium block into the crucible, lithium is dissolved by the high heat and floats on the uppermost layer, which is the most susceptible Contamination, but because of the great difference in specific gravity (density ratio is about 3~2 times), it must take longer to dissolve, and it is basically impossible to avoid pollution and component volatilization caused by excessive melting time. The problem is facing failure; (2_4) After the molten soup is completely fused, it is left to stand still and then poured into the mold to form the ingot. The two traditional lithium smelting techniques described above cannot avoid the pollution caused by prolonged overheating. And the out-of-control factors of the components make the whole process full of variables, and the alloy quality cannot be effectively improved. [Invention] The present invention is directed to the lack of the above-mentioned lithium alloy conventional smelting technology, and specially designed and arranged the entire smelting. The process of eliminating the problem of long-term overheating and pollution and the out-of-control of the components to produce a nano-quality alloy. 6 200846478 The main purpose of this month is to provide a method for manufacturing ultra-light lithium alloy materials, the steps are as follows: ) alloying elements with higher melting points, such as aluminum, magnesium, manganese, malware, zinc, titanium, sharp copper, silver, and stone eve, etc., are weighed according to the demand ratio and then put into the vacuum; i furnace melting (2) Induction furnace pumping high ^, first small power and then God heat to wait, completely melted into a uniform alloy soup; Lu (3) pour the alloy soup into a barrel with a blunt gas protection and preset quantitative lithium material (4) The lithium material is violently washed, mixed and diffused by the alloy soup, and gradually forms a uniform melting soup; (5) Pour the molten soup into the mold to form an ingot, and then take it out after cooling. [Embodiment] The technical means for achieving the foregoing object of the present invention are illustrated by the following examples, and the review method can be used to obtain a better understanding of the method, the features and the efficacies of the present invention. <Example 1> The smelting magnesium of the lithium-magnesium alloy is a very important light metal (1·74 g/cm3). If a large amount of lithium alloy can be added, the lower the density characteristic of the alloy can be maintained, the present invention attempts to smelt lithium magnesium. The alloy's results are unprecedented. The melting technology steps are as follows: 1. First, alloys such as magnesium (Mg), aluminum (A1), zinc (Zn), strontium (Zr), strontium (Sc), and yttrium (Y). The material is proportionally weighted, placed in the crucible of the vacuum induction melting furnace, and pumped to the south vacuum, 7 200846478 2. Preheating the alloy material with low power to help degassing and decontaminating: 3. Then pay attention to the 'low tilting high power Add or subtract alloy soup; 4. At .850. (10) Hold the temperature for the appropriate time (depending on the type and amount of alloying elements) 'specially completely dissolved; 5. Pour the alloy soup melted into the barrel of a certain size (to make the depth of the soup and the barrel diameter If), preset the required amount of lithium in the barrel; 6. The bell material is heated by the alloy soup, and the _ high diffusion property makes it uniform. After about 2 minutes, it is poured into the prayer mode. (In order to improve the power of refining), the amount of fine alloy soup, the relationship between temperature and the amount of lithium should be considered. If necessary, the barrel should be preheated or stirred by means of a stirrer such as a vibrator to enhance the agitation.) 7·To be cooled to 100 Below °C, the ingot can be removed smoothly. Using the above method, avoiding the pollution caused by long-term overheating and the sequelae of uncontrolled composition, successfully refining a series of high-quality ultra-light lithium-magnesium alloys as listed in the following table: The ingot size is 205 mm in outer diameter and about 500 legs in length. It weighs about 25 kg. Examining the appearance of the ingot and cutting the cross section of the pouring riser, no microporous bubbles were found. The lithium-magnesium alloy was extruded between 180 and 250, and the 3 mm thick plate was directly extruded, and then tested. Cold rolling properties, due to the excellent formability of these alloys, the 'rollable elongation exceeds 50%, smooth rolling into thin sheets (0.15~1.0mm)', the process annealing (lnter-annealing) temperature is adopted by Mo C ' Their mechanical and physical properties are compared with lightweight aluminum and titanium, and are also listed below. g 200846478 Physical material density (ρ) g/cm3 Elastic coefficient (Ε) GPa j Tensile strength (6) MPa Elongation (ε) % Internal friction ratio stiffness E/p 29 AB 1·58 1 50 45 Λ Λ 160 25 - -- C 1.43 44 43 140 120 Bu 90 40 70 0.05 29 D 4SL(i inn η\ 卜1·35 43 0.01 0.01 30 ΐυϋ*\/) Titanium (α·Ή) 2.71 4.51 70 100 9 500 45 25 0.002 0.002 26 22 element alloy lithium wt% magnesium wt% aluminum wt% manganese Wt% zinc Wt% j zirconium ~ wt% 铳 _wt% 钇 wt% 0.05 AB 5.5 g 93.5 91 1 - 1 L / II C 10 15 89 1 ~: — 0.3 _:_ 0.5 0.02 — Since each of the above-mentioned magnesium alloys has low physical properties such as low density, high specific stiffness, high internal friction absorption, high formability, etc., the three high and one low characteristics are extremely suitable for the potential eight diaphragm. Applications. We tried to use a 15 mm thick c-alloy sheet, which was stamped into a la-bar diaphragm, and assembled into a la-u-single unit. The sounds of different frequencies were measured in the non-sounding room by the standard test method. The pressure change (S〇und pressure Leve 1, SPL) curve is compared with the same type of aluminum horn. It is found that the sound pressure difference below 5 (8) Hz is not large, but the sound pressure of the lithium magnesium horn is between 500~7k Hz. The performance is relatively stable, and the variation of the sound quality (Harmonic Distortion) is small, showing the application potential in this respect. <Example 2> The melting of lithium-aluminum alloy is also a kind of light metal (2.71 g/cm3), which is also the preferred one, %, and addition of light lithium alloy. Therefore, the invention also chooses Zhongming alloy. The smelting comparison, its melting 200846478 steps are as follows: first aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), recorded (Zr), silver (^), Alloy materials such as zinc (211) and bismuth (8 秤 are weighed according to the following table, and according to the steps of the previous examples, the alloy soup is melted at 800 ° C, and then poured into a barrel and mixed with lithium uniformly. Re-injection into the mold to form ingots, also avoids the pollution caused by long-term overheating and the sequelae of uncontrolled composition. The ingot has an outer diameter of 205 mm, a length of about 500, and a weight of about 4 〇kg. Check the appearance of these ingots and sawing The section of the riser 'is also found without microporous bubbles' and at 4 〇 (Tc is directly extruded into pipes and sheets, the material elongation in the extruded state exceeds 15%, with cold rolling properties, and the warm rolling properties are more Good, suitable for light structural materials design applications, such as sports equipment such as bicycles. π-alloy lithium wt% aluminum wt% copper wt% magnesium wt% manganese wt% 鍅wt% titanium wt% silver wt% Wt% 矽wt% 铳wt% Ε 2.5 94 2.5 0.3 0·1 0.15 0.1 • 01 F 2.5 93 1.5 1.0 0.1 0.15 0.1 _ 0.2 0.2 G L5 92 5.5 0.4 2. 0.15 0.4 — - <Example 3> Semi-atmospheric clock Alloy smelting method In order to reduce the production cost of lithium alloy, 'we tried to simplify the smelting process, and changed the magnesium alloy soup of Example 1 to the fluxing method (Flux). The atmospheric melting smelting method Smelting into the atmosphere, both of which are ready for degassing (hydrogen), then move into the compartment with the protection of the blunt gas, pour into the bucket of the preset bell material, and then pour into the barrel after the mixture is evenly mixed. The ingot also avoids the uncontrolled episode of the fouling component caused by prolonged overheating, the quality of the wire ingot is not consistent with the previous results, and the semi-atmospheric lithium alloy smelting process has achieved unprecedented success. 200846478 In summary, the present invention The disclosed "super-light-weight alloy material manufacturing method" is unprecedented, and has not been seen in publications published at home and abroad, and has been patented for novelty and novelty. 2 purposes 'has also met (4) Piece, Rui Fati (4) Please, I would like to invite the Benevolence Review Committee to give a review and give the patent in this case. It is really sensible. Only the above _, the crane is only difficult to be practical, and Lufei is used to arrest the invention. </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt; </ RTI> <RTIgt;