TW200831336A - Method and device of evaluating measured data in railroad track circuits - Google Patents

Abstract

A device and a method for the operation of railroad track circuits are disclosed, which have a section length that is bounded at two sides by a track isolator. For safe recognition of the states FREE, OCCUPIED and DISTURBED in a pro-given time limit, it is performed as followed. At one of the two section-ends, a sending signal is supplied to the track body. At the opposite side a reception signal is coupled out and an analysis is performed. The supplied sending signal has a sinusoidal form. The frequency is switched cyclically between two discrete values. Three evaluation channels are operated at the reception side. The information is A/D-converted for all three channels. Two channels make use of a band-pass input-filter, which is adaptive for the channel 1 of the actually sent frequency, for the other channel 2 of the not sent frequency on pass-band. The occupation state is detected with the channel 1. The actual generating interference influence is measured with the channel 2. Channel 3 samples in respective sending interval and evaluates the calculated FFT result. From this information another data can be obtained. Such data may be an isolation-impact bridging, interference influence and other process-related quantity.

Description

200831336 IX. Description of the Invention: [Technical Field] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for evaluating measurement data in a track circuit. Further, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for using a track circuit to indicate an idle state. [Prior Art] In terms of the operational guidance of the track, information relating to the track segment occupied by the motor vehicle must be required. This information plays an important role in the positioning and resolution of the road. There are many different techniques for identifying an occupied area. The original starting point of the present invention is a track circuit that is expanded by conventional circuit components. The functional principle is simpler and can be preset in a short time. The track of the rail to be monitored is divided into two sections and spaced apart. The transmitter applies a voltage to one of the ends of the spaced apart segments. The receiver evaluates the voltage on the other end of the segment. When a train enters the section, the axle of the train shorts the two spaced apart rails of the rail and the rail is at the rail ground potential. The received signal is therefore suppressed. According to I: According to the evaluation made by the receiver, the section will be informed that it is occupied. There are many very different products in terms of the basic principles of the above construction. The differences between these products are mainly in the selected transmit signal and the evaluation method in the receiving component. However, there is also a so-called bumpless rail circuit, but such a rail circuit has a certain degree of overlap at the boundary between two adjacent circuits. Thus, a clear division of multiple occupied areas in the area of the switch and the intersection is impossible. One form of implementation known in the prior art is the classical DC -6-200831336 flow circuit for this track. This principle ‘is to use the detection of this zone • to the track-transformer form. The manufacturing circuit has a motor rotor t-delay ξ 60Hz: with pulse wave (slide spacing on the sliding surface. 1 purpose is, (the solid can enter the track circuit of the L-channel section. The principle promotes a kind of track section The two tracks on the upper and the different sizes of the track bed resistance are connected in series in the section. The parallel shaft in operation can make the resistance drop in the circuit work as shown in Fig. 1. The simplest solution A relay connected in series in the circuit acts as a receiver for segment occupancy.

Another conventional implementation is powered by a rotating three-phase current network circuit (G S K). Thus, it can be determined during driving that a differential device or an individual motor can also be a type of electric shaft, S i e m e n s such a product is a motor relay. At runtime, the lower parameters change, ie spectrum, phase, power. Therefore, the grounding portion serves as an inertia filter which has a function of suppressing interference for a short period of time. The principle of the track circuit (GSK) is to operate or operate continuously at a voltage of 50 Hz driving 100 V AC (mostly 230 V). A higher voltage is used to open each isolation layer (for example, a grid of grids). Due to the high power, it is necessary to set the required interference. [Invention] Therefore, starting from the prior art, the influence of the electromagnetic interference which is pursued in the present invention makes the reliability of the track circuit and its improvement step by step. In the process of the present invention, the above object is achieved by a system and method for indicating a soft idle state, wherein: a) the length of the segment is defined by a track interrupted at the two ends; 200831336 b) in orbit One of the ends is supplied with an alternating voltage as an input signal having two alternate frequencies; c) an output signal is measured at the other end of the track; d) the two of the measured output signals are The components in the frequency are analyzed; and e) the analysis based on the limit 値 comparison determines the state of the orbit. Considering an AC voltage defined by a defined duty cycle ratio in the manner described above to determine the occupancy state of a track, the frequency of the AC voltage is preferably different from the harmonics of the frequency used by the traction power source. The selected sampling frequency can be determined to provide a safe technical operational state in response to the desired reaction time. The above method can continue to train the form of the invention, in which case efficient signal processing can be used based on the mathematical calculation of each process. This processing is performed in real time with a scanning area suitable for signal-data pick-up for setting purposes. The digitized 値 is specifically transferred to the evaluation channel formed by the individual purpose setting. Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. [Embodiment] A general-purpose track circuit (UGSK) of Siemens Schweiz AG (Siemens Swiss AG) will be described below. The system consists of two parts: an external device part that forms the actual joint on the basic structure (ie, the track section); and an internal equipment part in the signal tower that has an associated circuit to generate the signal and Evaluate the free state and occupancy status. 200831336 The external equipment part consists essentially of a rail transformer' which has wiring at the ends of the two sections. The track transformer converts the transmitted high voltage on the cable connected to the tower to a small voltage of several volts that can be used in the track equipment. The track transformer is additionally provided with a high pass filter that protects the transmitter and receiver circuits from high energy interference from the traction current of the 16.7 Hz or 50 Hz traction mains. The "Internal Equipment" section consists of a two-channel voltage supply, a microcontroller for monitoring functions, and a signal processor for signal processing and user interface. The potential of the transmitting and receiving wires must be isolated. The safety relay is used as a status indication. The transmitter and receiver are directly adjacent in space due to technical reasons for interference isolation. The Universal Rail Circuit (UGSK) uses a pause modulated sinusoidal signal with a selectable fundamental frequency of 137.5 Hz, 175 Hz or 223 Hz. It is often necessary to adjust this system so that the frequency used by the transmitter is different from the frequency of adjacent segments. The level of the transmitter can be adjusted and can be adjusted according to external conditions. The ratio between the transmission discontinuity period and the transmission phase at a period of 200 ms is 3:2°. The receiver has an 99-order digital FIR filter at the input. Fig. 2 is a graph showing the time after the transmission signal and the reception signal pass through the filter in an undisturbed state. In terms of the determination of the occupancy status, the transmission period is divided into five intervals with a period of T = 40 ms. During the bum period 2 and 3 are used to identify an occupation status. Interference in the track due to current can be recognized during the gap. The two slope periods 1 200831336 and 4 were not considered during the evaluation because their information content could not be used. The overall division of periods 1 through 5 is offset relative to the period of the transmitter by 11 ms depending on the runtime in the track circuit. With this offset, the gap period can preferably be placed during the signal discontinuity period. In order to evaluate the segment status, the sum of the received signals can be integrated over a period. P= formula 1

T ί Figure 3 shows the threshold 値, which is used to evaluate the calculated level P. If the level during an outbreak has reached a critical threshold, then the period is suitable for use as a free period. If a predetermined number of burst periods have been identified as idle periods, then the track segments are idle. When the level of several periods is less than a lower limit, the section is already occupied. The evaluation during the gap is used to identify various disturbances. If an impermissible high level has been determined during a gap period, this period is considered "interfered". In the identification of various types of interference, the use of a discontinuously modulated signal has a non-negative priority, especially when the interference occurs in the conduction region of the filter. Then, the interference phenomenon must be reduced when selecting the filter because the on/off phase cannot be used for evaluation. An occupancy status must be issued after 300 ms according to Table 1. This requirement limits the number of stages of the filter and therefore limits the immunity of the interference. In order to correctly display this problem, various interferences will be described below. These disturbances can therefore also show limitations of various new methods. Another method is also constructed by two main functional units, such as a transmitter and a receiver, -10- 200831336. The transmitter also sends a signal u = f(t) in the track segment. However, it is advantageous to emit two or more frequencies alternately or simultaneously by a sinusoidal signal source. On this side of the receiver, signals that are affected by the transmission characteristics of the track segments - as well as individual operating conditions - can be received. The received signal is passed to an A/D converter that converts the input signal to a digital signal at a higher sampling rate. A defined window is "forward" offset in each step, such window having a number (2n) of the number set by the FFT method to be used, by, for example, an average 値 formation method, The method of taking N, peak 値, minimum 値 (and others) by N is obtained by a discrete measurement AC of AC/DC over sampling rate. In each step, the resulting results are transmitted to the existing evaluation unit in discrete frequency amplitudes in the monitored frequency region. Each evaluation unit then evaluates the time profile of the amplitude and/or frequency in accordance with preset criteria and thereby derives, for example, a specific determination of the occupancy. Interference generated during orbital operation can be divided into static and dynamic interference. All externally regular operating conditions are static disturbances that are related to errors in the infrastructure (track equipment and safety equipment) and are not necessarily triggered by a motor vehicle. These disturbances can happen suddenly, but they last for a long time. Most of these disturbances require human intervention. Conversely, dynamic disturbances are caused by the energy reception and release of the motor vehicle, which can cause electrical and electromagnetic effects in regular orbital operations. Accurate description of dynamic disturbances is difficult because of the wide variety and duration, frequency and amplitude. The current system distinguishes between three different static disturbances. -11- 200831336 a) Road bed interference Track bed interference is a dangerous disturbance in terms of the operation of the track circuit. This track bed interference is identifiable when the receiving level is between the critical threshold required for the occupied state and the critical threshold required for the idle state. This system can no longer reliably determine if the zone is idle or occupied. The reason for this is that on the one hand, the electric conductivity of the bed cannot be increased, so that the level attenuation in the absence of a motor vehicle in the track is too large. On the other hand, the parallel resistance becomes larger due to the wheel running surface or the track running surface provided with the grid, so that the parallel resistance and the above-mentioned level cannot be made sufficiently small even in the case of occupation. The disturbance disappears when the vehicle has left the section or the infrastructure is set to a state. b) Overdrive Another dangerous interference is over control, which occurs when the transmitter's level is adjusted too high. In this case, the receiver cannot reliably describe the occupancy status of the track because the level does not fall below the critical threshold in the case of insufficient occupancy. Such errors can only be eliminated by the user intervening in the transmitter. c) Instantaneous bridging of isolation An instantaneous bridging of isolation allows the two adjacent rail sections to be no longer isolated. The track circuit determines the transmitter of the adjacent segment in the unused frequency band and is therefore identifiable. This interference requires human intervention in the infrastructure to handle it. These disturbances can be measured by the threshold 値 individually by the evaluation during the burst. It is not necessary to consider the above gap period at this time. The dynamic disturbance that is dangerous to the track circuit is caused by the traction current -12- ί 200831336 interference. The traction current flows through overhead conductors, vehicles, and power supplies. A portion of the current flows back through the track, and a ground wire on the other wire rod and a small portion flows through the ground. In this case, the returned current can also flow through adjacent tracks where it has not passed the adjacent track. The rail system is the same as the return current and a multi-conductor system. In the worst case, a vehicle is located outside the section and the source is on the opposite side. The entire traction current should only be returned, because the presence of a ground wire and the grounding of the ground are not guaranteed. The voltage on the receiver is as follows: Then it flows back to the overhead of the multi-track device, causing interference, so it is like a part, but the electricity flows by the track. This is not sure = us +

.Ze Ze + ZB ίττ · ^ (β' 4- ΐα·ΙΓ) Equation 2 We can recognize that the interference is mainly a function of the amplitude 1 of the interference current. The interference voltage is divided corresponding to the transmitter and the reactance. The inductive segment of the orbital equivalent circuit diagram of Figure 4 must be divided into half, which is because these two are used. The voltage drop along the isolated track is negligible, and this resistance is much less than the resistance of the termination. Simple with the length of the section, this is due to the fact that there is no leakage in the grounded track. Three-phase current synchronous drive technology has been widely used in motors and chopping technology and DC drives in railways in the last 20 years. Advancements in power generally result in higher motor vehicle power and resistance and rails on sensitive lTr and segmental receivers due to their longitudinal multiplication. Modern eliminates the control of serial-rate electronic components. Although -13- 200831336, inverter vehicles have had a major impact on a variety of track devices. Coupling can occur due to electroplating caused by electromagnetic fields or traction currents. Compared to the axle counting system, the track circuit is less sensitive to electromagnetic interference than the direct interference caused by the induced current. The main change caused by the use of an inverter motor vehicle is that the frequency component of the traction current is almost arbitrary. The largest interference is caused by the fundamental wave of 16.7 Hz or 50 Hz and the corresponding attenuated harmonic. As a result, various disturbances are caused which are coupled by the driver to the main winding side of the motor vehicle-transformer. The frequency of the various disturbances is directly related to the instantaneous fundamental frequency of the motor and therefore also to the rotational speed of the motor. In addition, the return line of the train's busbar (1 000V power supply) also extends through the track. Since the number and types of connected components (i.e., frequency converters) are many, it is not easy to measure the effects of various disturbances. Interference is caused in the wide frequency band of the track and thus in the conduction region of the clearing and waver. Interference in the conduction region of the filter is an immediate danger to the integration of the occupancy state. On the one hand, the transmitted signal can be triggered and a false, occupied state of occupancy is generated. On the other hand, although the receiver is actually occupied, the level is still large and a false idle state indication is generated. Therefore, the receiver cannot reliably describe the occupancy status under the influence of interference. This interference can only be identified by an evaluation of additional information. In the above solution, the level during this gap must be evaluated. When the level exceeds a critical threshold (interference current limit 値), an interference can be identified. The above facts can cause interference to the boundaries of the above-mentioned Universal Rail Circuit (UGSK) system. In general, the evaluation of the receiver signal is again disturbing in the set of various effects caused by the traction current -14-200831336. As a result, the Universal Rail Circuit (UGSK) will be hindered. A state of occupancy that has been identified as false sets the system to a safe state, but the intervention of the required personnel is a dangerous process and therefore creates various delays that prevent operation. The object of the present invention is to achieve a high interference immunity against the effects of various tractions. This can result in improved availability and a reduced probability of a dangerous intervention process, or an increase in the allowable segment length if the availability and installability remain the same. Then, discuss the most important considerations and boundary conditions. The characteristics of the receiver are the focus of interference immunity improvement. The transmitted signal does not contain information on information technology. The receiver does not have to decode the information from a transmission channel and does not have to continue transmitting. Conversely, an interference must be reliably identified and meaningfully evaluated in the received signal. This evaluation criteria is based on the minimum security required and the high availability of the system. When using a track circuit, the track operator defines an allowable level and a usable frequency. This is based on specific measurements on the track. For new track circuits, the effective frequency should not be lower than 200 Hz. Due to the effective use of legacy external equipment, frequencies above 250 Hz are not appropriate. Figure 5 shows another appearance when various transmission frequencies are selected. It is advantageous when the frequency is between the harmonics of the fundamental frequency. With this consideration, various frequencies fl = 208.1 Hz, f2 = 224.2 Hz and f3 = 241.3 Hz can be set. These frequencies can be used in all other forms in the new method. Three frequencies are required to separate the track circuits from each other in the converter field. This -15-200831336 identifies the error of the momentary bridging of the isolation. The amplitude of the transmitted signal can also be widely determined by the above frequencies, which must be large enough to ensure a reliable identification when the track bed deteriorates. Other limitations are as described above, in order not to overdrive the receiver when the track bed is good and therefore the losses are small. However, modulation of amplitude and frequency is feasible. In addition, there is a time limit on the identification of the occupied state on the track circuit. The evaluation process must reliably identify an override of the occupancy status at a defined time limit. The operator must define this time, at which point the occurrence of the event must continue until the signal tower is notified. This identification is then made so that each output unit (e.g., safety relay) can be reliably controlled and read out. The set 50 ms is sufficient for the present invention. No. Event Identification Notification 1 Occupied 25 0ms 300 2 Idle status indication 450ms 500 3 Isolation interference < 20ms 20 seconds 4 channel interference 45 0ms 500 5 Overdrive 45 0ms 500 6 Interference current 45 0ms 500 Time requirements for the track circuit of Table 1 The result of the occupation of the track when a short circuit is formed by a metal-structured part between the two tracks is that the occupancy information is only included in the amplitude of the received signal. The determination of the occupancy state can only be achieved by comparing the size of the signal on the receiver with a fixed threshold. Conventional methods for the selective/adaptive preparation of various critical enthalpies do not exist. Pro -16- 200831336 The boundary is derived from the characteristics of the climate or the conductivity of the track bed. Therefore, the transmission level can also be adjusted correspondingly. The definition of the critical 所需 required for the specified function is as follows; No. Name 1 P1 Idle state indication threshold 値 2 P2 Occupancy status notification threshold 値 3 Pmax Overdrive critical 値 4 Pi s 〇 Critical bridge bridging値5 Ptr Critical threshold for traction current The critical threshold 値Pmax for the 2-level quasi-evaluation is the highest critical enthalpy. The condition P1> P2 defines an intermediate zone between the idle state indicating FM and the occupancy notification BM. In the foregoing paragraphs, the conventional principles used are described in terms of 1 to 4 general characteristics for GSK. Therefore, it is described in terms of its action environment in accordance with the aforementioned example of USGK. Now, a new method is shown which has important advantages over the current principles and can have a much higher evaluation efficiency than the previous principles. This will result in an expanded approach with new features. Then, the principle of the track circuit will be described below in individual functional blocks. Each station in the signal path is suitable for illustrating the entire new functional environment. The track circuit electronic component includes: a signal transmitter that supplies/issues a transmission signal (frequency and amplitude) appropriate to the network of the track and the traction via the coupling network to one of the sections -17-200831336 An end, and a signal receiver adapted to be correctly received by the coupled network over the other end of the segment by the individual state (idle state or occupied state) of the track via the coupled network Or a transmission signal affected by the traction, and a signal evaluator, which performs data sorting by an optimized method, and the result is transmitted to a purpose for each purpose in a data density suitable for an individual purpose per unit time. The best processing unit. The evaluation of such continuous f of the received signal allows reliable detection of various states "idle, occupied and interfered" and additionally identifiable other effects, and the output unit, which is used by the relay to output "idle, The occupied and disturbed" notification to the signal tower to easily read back the output status. Transmitter The transmitted signal and the selected evaluation method are adjusted to each other. This method mainly consists in generating a quasi continuous transmission signal which can reliably identify various interferences, which will be described later. Relative to the currently known methods,

C V This transmitter uses two frequencies, which are alternately issued in a symmetrical scan area. These two frequencies are determined by the frequency of three or more in most cases. With the combination of "2 and 2", the adjacent orbital circuit can be divided, and when an untransmitted frequency occurs, an orbit-isolated bridge error can be identified with the actual characteristics produced. In the proposed solution, the choice of frequency has no effect on the method, but the corresponding parameterization of the transmitter and the algorithm used for processing are required. -18- 200831336 “Recognizing an effective occupancy condition within 2 50 m s” can be facilitated by the selected solution optimized at two transmission frequencies. Then, a signal-related configuration of the occupancy state must be continuously measured. The use of a continuous signal provides this possibility, but there are disadvantages in identifying the effects of interference near the transmission frequency. In order to circumvent this disadvantage, the transmitted signal is parameterized in the following manner. The transmission period of the two transmission frequencies (of each channel) is fixed, for example, at 170 ms. < The evaluation method is applied to the signal to appropriately adjust the transmission frequencies, that is, the respective transmission frequencies may slightly deviate from the preset amount of the track driver. shift. For the new solution, the three preset frequencies (two used in one segment) are offset in the discrete scan region of the Fourier transform. In this case, an adaptation process will result in the following frequencies while complying with all the requirements of the receiving-and evaluation side. This is exemplified, and any decision in the range of FFT characteristics is possible; fl = 206.25 Hz, f2 = 225 Hz and f3 =: 243.75

Hz. Figure 6 below shows the advantages of the above-described adjusted mode. { , Receiver No special requirements are set on the receiver. Conversely, the receiver has a level-adjustment purpose to protect the inputs from being overdriven. In addition, an adjustment to the wires and the receiving conveyor is required to achieve a minimal impact. The transmission signal taken out of the section and affected by the individual occupancy state and the traction current is transmitted to the A/D converter. -19- 200831336 The conversion is processed quickly and by oversampling at a rate of approximately 1 ο··1 to correspond to the characteristics of the input signal. The method used is coupled to a variety of different methods to produce a quasi-continuous transmit signal that reliably identifies multiple types of interference. The transmitter uses two frequencies, which are used alternately, relative to the methods currently used. The frequencies actually emitted and received by one of the two frequencies belonging to the system can show the actual occupancy status or its time profile. The incoming interference can be evaluated in terms of frequencies that are not actually issued. Furthermore, by not separating the tracks between the segments, the above-mentioned frequencies of adjacent circuits not belonging to GSK can be detected. The difference between the methods used so far is that instead of the filter being switched on or off, it is accessed by an evaluation algorithm in a temporally defined section and is adjusted using an actual transmission frequency. Parameter group. In the evaluation, the received signal is usually discrete by an A/D converter and the actual signal curve is analyzed in the time window by FFT. The time interval of the window can be adjusted to the spectrum in which the recognition of the occupancy state is meaningful. In the evaluation, two methods can be used, namely, a continuous method and a discontinuous method. If a reliable detection of a state (e.g., the occupancy state of a segment) requires a short decision time, a continuous evaluation method is used. For the idleness of the zone, for example, for a detection of bridge bridging and monitoring of traction disturbance effects, discontinuous evaluation is advantageous. This discontinuous method allows the evaluation of the spectrum in any number of n analysis steps formed by successive methods. It may be advantageous to analyze the signal curve of a time window with a temporally defined position for transmission frequency switching. •20· 200831336 Details of subsequent evaluations A 256-point FFT window slides forward with each arrival of a digital input signal, appending the actually converted momentum 尖 to the spike and eliminating The longest (FILO). After each advancement step, an FFT is performed. In the case of actually evaluated windows, two variable frequency components are produced, the sum of which is fixed. Thus, the periodic switching of the transmission frequency does not contribute to the processing. Details of discontinuous evaluation The continuously evaluated FFT window can also be used as a source of data in discrete assessments without change. However, instead of taking data at each step, the data is fetched after N steps or at a defined point in time for the transmission period required for two different frequencies. This temporal evaluation allows for the identification of all events in detail, which are not synchronized with the system timing and whose relationship with the system timing is only a short time (instantaneous). The evaluation algorithm 1 section occupies (continuously) the amplitude of the instantaneously transmitted frequency 连续 which is continuously taken from each of the generated FFT windows by the frequency component calculated by the FFT and the occupancy information is evaluated. The frequency of these two alternates does not affect the evaluation method. The time profile of the amplitude of the transmitted signal is measured by identifying an amplitude estimate for states 1 and 2 already achieved in Table 1 and including the time criteria determined in Table 2 (see also Figure 19). . Evaluation - Algorithm 2 Traction Interference (discontinuously) The analysis of the received amplitude in the frequency that is not actually emitted is the same as Algorithm 1 allowing the interference of the frequency to be determined at the actual point in time. 200831336 Since the interference caused by the pulling action is significantly above the interleaving time of the scanning zone for most of the time, an indication of the influence of the evaluation of the transmitted signal is also formed. Evaluation - Algorithm 3 Other Cinemas (discontinuously) In addition to the evaluation of the amplitude waveforms over time of the two transmission frequencies and the description of the possible occupancy states, it may also be used when generating an isolated bridge The intrusion of the operating frequency formed by the adjacent circuits is considered to be an error state. The disclosure of such errors is not important in time and can be additionally notified. A diagram of the method and apparatus for identifying the occupancy status in a track segment is shown in subsequent figures. Other evaluations by algorithms 4 through η are feasible when needed. The offset of the amplitude response of a digital filter can be performed in two ways. One of the ways is to adjust the characteristics at a fixed sampling frequency by changing the filter coefficients during operation. Another way is to change the sampling frequency, but the filter coefficients are not modified. The method provides the following advantages: / V A quasi-continuous transmission signal can achieve a selective filter with the same transmission frequency. The exemption from interference by bandwidth is therefore the most significant. Various disturbances are permanently identifiable. Therefore, it is not necessary to assume the worst case when occupying the time point for the recognition of the occupancy status and the identification of the interference. The security when identifying an interference voltage is therefore better than the UGSK system or better than the UGSK system described above. The simulation results show that using two filters is no problem. All switching processes during operation can react in the output signal of the filter. In addition, the cost in the range of A/D conversion -22-200831336 will increase, because in the worst case, one signal must use two separate converters. Function Block of A/D-Conversion When the filter is only adjusted by the change of the coefficient, the converter system is designed in the following manner. The over sampling frequency is 12.8 kHz and the effective sampling frequency is 1 600 Hz. In all other cases, other frequencies must be determined. The ratio of the effective sampling frequency to the oversampling frequency should be 8. The current sampling frequency is used while the transmitter is transmitting at a lower frequency. The effective sampling frequency required for the higher frequency period is calculated in Table 3. The f-offset caused by the final result of the digital anti-Alias filter is tolerable in this region. Transmit frequency phase 1 Phase 2 208.1 and 224.2Hz 1600Hz 1724Hz 208.1 and 241·3Ηζ 1600Hz 1855Hz 224.2 m 241.3Hz 1600Hz 1722Hz Table 3 Sampling frequency for filter offset When installing, the required oversampling frequency is higher by DSPs The system clock is obtained. The converter structure with anti-artifact system described in method I can be employed unchanged. The purpose of filter 1 is to isolate the transmitted signal as well as possible so that only its amplitude is evaluated. This filter can be used in a continuous transmit signal. This filter can be used in the method because the time requirements are the same when using the quasi-continuous transmit signal. In order to be able to use the advantages of -23-200831336, the filter must be rounded according to the transmission frequency in each period. Filter IIR filter design · This receiving filter can be additionally designed as a feedback system. The number of filter stages is much smaller than the number of stages in the FIR system. Furthermore, the number of filter stages has only a small effect on the delay of the filter. This is mainly determined by the required width of the transfer zone. The attenuation of the barrier zone is similarly determined by -4 〇 dB. The desired smooth amplitude response can be achieved in the conduction band by designing a Tschebyscheff-IIR f 滤波器 filter. The results of this design are shown in Figure 8 for each transmission frequency. The IIR filter has a bandwidth of -6 dB of 12 Hz. Here, two groups can be considered. The amplitude response of the filter can be shifted on the frequency axis during operation by the substitution of coefficients. This technique is known in adaptive filters. An algorithm has been designed for use in such a filter. This algorithm changes the coefficients of a filter on-line to achieve the desired characteristics. This system (for example for system identification or echo suppression. However, in the above method the filter is not modified at runtime, but only at a known point in time (when the transmitter changes the frequency) Modifications. The advantage of this method is that no modification is necessary in the sampling system and the sampling rate is usually kept fixed. However, the disadvantages of this technique are shown in Figure 9. Starting with 1000 samples, the input signal is switched from 208·1Ηζ to 2 24.2 Hz, and loaded into the filter with appropriate coefficients. The filter exhibits an instantaneous response characteristic after the transfer region, at which time the amplitude cannot be evaluated -24-200831336. Also, it must be considered The adaptive solution usually requires an expensive safety proof at relatively full demand. The process adapted to the signal frequency has been raised or decreased in the function block A/D conversion where the 'sampling frequency has to be correspondingly increased. The change in frequency is not determined in the input signal and therefore an output signal will be generated as in the method of transmitting the signal. The filter can be used. Filter 2 Filter 2 is used to cause the interference in the region of the transmission frequency to be evaluated. In this method, the filter is usually adjusted to the frequency just unused. Since the transmission frequency changes periodically, the interference may have The frequency used is recognized. The information obtained in the current system UGSK corresponds to the information in the gap period. When the filter 2 is switched, the offset direction on the frequency axis is exactly opposite to that on the filter 1. Displayed in Figure 1. When switching to a higher sampling frequency, the two filters are shifted to the direction of the rate. However, filter 2 should be adjusted to a smaller frequency. The solution is used for both frequencies. Different sampling frequencies. However, the result is that 'at least the entire digit portion of the A/D conversion must be implemented in two-way. However, considering the requirements for interference recognition in more detail, various simplifications are assumed. Therefore, it is not necessary to make The interference level is shipped to the monitoring. It is sufficient to determine an impermissible dry time when a period has ended. Thus, the filter 2 can be re-posted at each transition to make the system vibrate and The amplitude is evaluated. The performance of such a party should be carried out. In the case of the continuation of the design, the problem of sending the two funds is available. This is more frequent than the local frequency. The victim voltage is set. However, the length of the transmission phase is re-determined by a frequency. - In the case of filter 1, the length of the transmission period does not play any role until the switching, because the change is It is compensated by sampling. If the number of stages of the filter 2 is set to be the same as that of the filter 1, the oscillation time achieved is about 170 ms. For the subsequent evaluation, it can be assumed that the two types have 40 ms respectively. During this period, each frequency can therefore be used to find an interference within 250 ms. This requirement, that is, an interference notification can be issued after about 500 ms, which can be reluctantly satisfied. ^ Since there is a quasi-continuous signal that is independent of the strategy chosen by the filter, the amplitude can be evaluated in the following manner. That is, in order to recognize the occupancy status of a segment, it is sufficient to evaluate the amplitude of the filtered signal. The sum of the signals at a particular period (s u m m a t i ο η) can be easily obtained. The length of the observation period must therefore be at least equal to the period length of the transmitted signal, however, for safety reasons the length should contain multiple oscillation regions. The length of the existing system is 40ms. The result of this sum is shown in Figure 11. Each offset of the window can form a new point. I can recognize: v Each point has been subjected to a slight oscillation. The narrower the viewing window is selected, the more pronounced the oscillation is. For this reason, the window cannot be selected to be too small. Starting with 32 samples, the results were satisfactory. Method III is used to track a process that corresponds to the theoretically maximum interference exemption and is capable of reliably identifying various disturbances as is the case with current systems. When the transmission pause of the existing system is not used, another frequency is issued in the method and a filter in the receiver is required to track the transmission frequency. Another filter is adjusted to the unused frequency and each interfering signal is evaluated. Due to the various factors described above, a variable sampling rate and a discontinuous filter 2 ensure a maximum effectiveness. The second A/D converter is not required at this time and the problem of tracking the coefficients of the filter 1 on the line is avoided. The transmission period of one frequency is determined to be 250 ms. The most important operating parameters are: Parameter 値 Oversampling frequency 1 〇s = 1 2.8 Sampling frequency ls=1600 Hz Transmit frequency 1 fl=208.1 Hz Transmit frequency 2 f2 2 224.2 Hz Transmit frequency 3 F3=241.3 Hz Transmit phase channel A ta = 2 1 0 ms Transmit phase channel B tb=210 ms Table 4 Process parameters The spectrum analysis method uses other information in the frequency region of the received signal relative to all other methods previously. The currently available signal processor and fast conversion algorithm can display the basic analysis results of each received signal. The receiver of this method has a simple structure consisting of three functional blocks (Fig. 22). A separate conversion method is used on the received digital signal. The calculated coefficients contain all the information needed to assess the occupancy status and interference of a zone. For example, a short-time discrete Fourier transform method and a microwave conversion method can be used as the above-described conversion method. The determination of the parameters of the STFT has an effect on the transmitted signal to be selected. Such an institution will be described later. -27- 200831336 The converter structure with anti-artifact system described in method I can be used unchanged. In order to evaluate the received signal, two conversion methods can be considered, which will be described in the following paragraphs. First, the occupied state is recognized by means of the S TFT. At this time, a fixed-length window of 2 samples is used and can be satisfactorily achieved in a digital manner. The resolution in the frequency region must be better than Af:z 16 Hz. This roughly corresponds to the distance between transmission frequencies. For the fixed length required, apply to the following relationship: / < 16 Hz I, m The unclearness between time resolution and spectral resolution requires a compromise, which is given by the following equation Description. Δ/ = έ = 选取 Selecting 25 6 under the precondition of fs = 1 600 Hz results in an observation window with Δΐ = 160 ms and a frequency resolution of Af = 6.25 Hz. When it is doubled, a window whose length is not allowed is caused, and when it becomes half, the frequency resolution is deteriorated, and it becomes difficult to recognize the signal well. I, there are a variety of algorithms that can be used to calculate FFTs in digital systems. Many providers of DSP or FPGA directly provide the manufactured IP core, which is especially used in target hardware. It is possible to provide a few microseconds of conversion time on a price-friendly module. However, such benefits are sufficient in the above applications and still have to be tested: whether the cost of the benefit can be saved without the need for a specific installation. Using a self-developing system simplifies this problem and can reduce costs. The output of the conversion function block provides a set of coefficients that represent the original signal. The difference from the other method is that instead of measuring in the time domain and calculating the amplitude -28-200831336, the calculated coefficients are compared with the critical 値. In a signal converted from an STFT, only three coefficients are sought during each period. When the FFT is calculated with the above parameters, the coefficients 34, 37, and 40 correctly represent the components of the transmission frequency. More information is usually not needed for transfer decisions. As mentioned above, in order to comply with a time condition required for occupancy, the coefficients must be calculated frequently. The identification of the bridge during isolation also requires continuous information because the adjacent track circuits are not synchronized. Therefore, ensure that adjacent circuits act on unused channels for a long enough length. For the detection of all other operating states, it is sufficient to calculate the coefficients at a specific time. These time points must be chosen such that the FFT window is completely within a transmission period and therefore only one coefficient contains information about the signal. A further advantage is that a time shift zone resulting from the inter-run effect can be avoided when switching between channels. In order to perform the evaluation point by point, a period in which the transmission frequency starts after 10 ms is switched. Figures 1, 7 and 20 show time curves for this assessment in various undisturbed states. k ; The coefficient of the marker is 値 at a fixed time. The FFT coefficients are used to trigger a transition as shown in Figure 13. The coefficients are calculated continuously, but in most cases only the calculation is performed point by point. The exception is the transitions T 1 and T3 that occur when the isolated transient bridges. The individual activity rate is then referred to as channel A, which has the associated coefficient Ca. The untransmitted frequency is channel B, which has a coefficient Cb. The frequencies of channels A and B can therefore be exchanged during a period. The coefficients correspond to the received levels in other methods and are compared to the critical enthalpy. When the time is required, the time must be 19 when there is a frequency of -29-200831336. When GSK is in state S1 and the coefficients of the two adjusted frequencies satisfy the following formula Ca + Cb < P2, Transfer T 1 can be driven correctly. By continuously evaluating, the time conditions of each time can be maintained. The occupancy status is not directly notified after identification, but must continue to be viewed for approximately 100 ms remaining, so that the effects of short-term interference are reduced. The demand at the time of transfer is not very restrictive, because S2 is a safe state. In the case of interference, a short f occupancy state may be caused before the interference is informed. However, the interference can be reliably recognized during the next fixed period. This way is allowed. When GSK satisfies the following formula Ca > P1 and Cb < Ptr in state S2 and during two sequential fixed periods, the transition T2 can be driven. Τ2 is therefore more restricted than Τ5. This ensures that an interference can cause a false FM without being recognized when the two frequencies are not being used. When GSK is in state S 1 and one of the following conditions occurs, the transfer: ·, Τ3 can be driven: during two sequential periods

When Ca > Pmax, an overdrive is recognized. It can be seen that the level at the two frequencies is too large. If the right level is too high at one frequency, then the level forms a constructive overlap with an interference voltage. The segment remains idle, as the identification of the occupancy state is additionally achieved via undisturbed frequencies. -30- 200831336 When the coefficient of channel A satisfies the following formula in two sequential periods: P2 < Ca < P1, a track bed disturbance can be identified. In order to identify the momentary bridging of the isolation, the coefficient CX of the unused frequency must be calculated. A long viewing time is required for identification to ensure that the momentary bridging of the isolation does not occur due to the short disturbance caused by the traction current. When the coefficients of unused frequencies are often met

When Cx > Piso ^, the interference can be recognized. Since the adjacent GSKs are not synchronized, it must be ensured that the level must be sufficiently high when an unfavorable offset occurs between the two GSK periods. This can be ensured by a continuous evaluation of the unused channels. A traction current interference is expressed by the following equation:

Cb > Ptr This transition T4 describes that the GSK is released into a normal occupied state by interference. A transfer T1 of more than 250 ms can be used in this transfer. In order to trigger T4, /% is required in the two sequential periods, ca < P2 and cb<P2, and the system therefore does not often change between s 2 and S3 in each period. Other observation times can be claimed because they are slower to run freely and do not run at the segment rate. T 5 : When the G S K is in the state S 2 and the same condition as the transfer τ 3 is satisfied, the transition T5 can be triggered. A number of new methods are described in the above paragraphs, which can indicate the idle state of the track in the absence of interference -31-200831336. In addition to the basic functions, each new method should be as exempt from dynamic interference as possible. In order to be able to accurately evaluate the above characteristics and compare them to existing systems, various interferences must be defined in the following paragraphs. The characteristics of the interference can be based on the experience gained from the measurement

Or theoretically, the job is decided. %, - a f? Η%, Σ % 2 $ f^1V Λ During the life cycle of UGSK in S4i0^s—one Α” &~, many measurements are taken directly on the rail infrastructure and in the main circuit of the transmission motor vehicle. With the above-mentioned point-by-point measurement, the basic characteristics of the interference to be evaluated can be analyzed. The measurements currently performed only consider some of the various parts of the interference to be evaluated. From the available measurement results, the following characteristics of various disturbances can be derived: The traction feedback current of the inverter motor vehicle has a high harmonic component at a small rate, but its amplitude is much smaller than the limit. When measured at 15 kV/1 6.7 Hz, no significant harmonics are produced in the 200 Hz range. For a 25 kV/50 Hz main power supply, measurements cannot be made instantaneously. The traction feedback current of the inverter motor vehicle contains a harmonic component of the same level as the low rate at a high rate. The amplitude of the fundamental wave becomes larger due to the effective power that has been transferred. In this case, the components in the 200 Hz range are also negligible. Regarding the role of the busbars of trains, there are currently few related studies. Thus, it can be assumed that major noise can be generated in addition to the fundamental wave and its harmonics. The busbar of the train is not limited by the limit 相 relative to the issuance of harmonics of the transmission motor vehicle. A motor with a DC machine but without a power circuit does not produce disturbing harmonic components. This does not affect the DC circuit in the range of 2 Hz -32- 200831336. The effects caused by externally regular operating conditions are also not fully explored. For example, a protection section that is over-operated with a main switch that is turned on or a short-circuit of a running wire is not fully explored. In this case, there may be a brief high current pulse in the track. All of the equipment in the track technology is designed with decades of life. Advances in efficiency in recent years have shown that the valuation of the interference effects of such devices in the future is not important. The power installed on a transmission type vehicle cannot be much improved due to mechanical reasons. Trucks are heavy and must be guided by more ί drive vehicles. The length of passenger trains cannot be oversized due to limited infrastructure. The power capacity of the train's busbars and the associated interference effects will increase with safety as a result of increased customer comfort and serviceability. Another trend is the variable speed of the fast-moving train, which uses a decentralized transmission commemoration, and the power of each of the actuators can greatly exceed that of individual transmission vehicles. Very few but expressive measurements of motor vehicles are rarely carried out in Switzerland. The intensity of the various disturbances in the actual operating environment will increase in the future; ν is large, but its basic characteristics do not change significantly. The test signals described in this paragraph are fundamental to the performance analysis of the new method. Each test signal must be selected to contain all possible interference in theory. The orbital current causing the interfering signal is described by its main driver within its limits. Do not exceed 4 amps rms current near each transmit frequency. Sinusoidal signal A signal with a sinusoidal form of a unique frequency is applied to the transmitted signal and -33- 200831336 becomes an interference. All parameters of this signal are variable. This frequency should be in the conduction area of the filter. This amplitude must be chosen in this example to make the transmitted signal cancelable. The calculation of the interference voltage formed by the maximum allowable orbital current in the long section shows that the interference voltage can have the same amplitude as the transmitted signal. The probability of generating the above signals in actual orbital operations is small. Thus, the signal can be used as a test signal because the signal display is a challenge especially for methods that use continuous transmission of signals.杂 Noise The influence of the bus's bus can be simulated by an unequal noise. In the conduction region of the receiving filter, random interference components of different heights are thus generated. The SNR is intentionally kept small to simulate the main power. Traction current The traction current with a fundamental frequency of 16.7 Hz and the first 15 harmonics can simulate the effect of a train on a running train. The fixed transmit frequency is located next to the harmonic I, and a wide receive filter can of course include the transmit frequency. This interference in the conduction region can be described as a sinusoidal signal, since the filters of methods I and III can be sufficiently narrow. The pulse is explored by means of the above signal: an interference must be applied for at least how long to produce a false FM or BM. This result can be used to improve the strategy in interference processing. For example, an occupancy status that has been notified that is too short can be handled as an interference afterwards. -34- 200831336 To illustrate the above mode of action, it can be done by means of matlab simulation. The basic mode of action of this method is shown in Figure 17. The figure above shows the sampled received signal during 400 samples. Switch between frequency Π and f2 at the marked time. The 256 samples in the marked FFT window are used as input data for conversion. Each input data is shown in the subsequent schema. The lower graph of Figure 17 shows a time plot of the three selected coefficients of the FFT. Since the transmission period on one channel is longer than the FFT window, then Γ forms the selected time point, and only one frequency of the transmitter appears in the conversion result at each time point. Each time point has been marked. Figure 18 shows the coefficients at the time points shown over a longer period of time. In the undisturbed state, the coefficient c a reaches the regular 値, but the coefficient c b disappears. When this condition is present for a length of at least two periods, the section can be safely considered to be in an idle state. At a fixed point in time, in addition to recognizing the idle state by means of coefficients, the system can recognize an occupancy state by continuously calculating coefficients. A sufficiently good occupancy state produces a coefficient curve as shown in Figure 19. Starting with the 960th sample, the segment is already occupied. In the subsequent 1 60 ms, the coefficients become smaller and the occupied state is subsequently recognized, since both c 1 and c 2 are smaller than P2. This situation can continue to observe for 100ms before the occupancy status is notified. Operational status display: This evaluation can meet basic functions. Overdrive and track bed disturbances are identified with the same information and other thresholds. An individual observation is required when the momentary bridging of the isolation becomes static interference that remains. Adjacent UGSKs must be adjusted so that their transmission frequencies are usually different. -35- 200831336 For the example of Figure 20, the simulated GSK uses frequencies 1 1 and 12, which are adjacent to frequencies 1 2 and 1 3. After 400 samples, an instantaneous bridging state is reached and the receiver additionally obtains signals for adjacent GSKs. Therefore, the ratio of amplitudes is related to the parameters of the infrastructure. The change in amplitude in this example is not considered. The switching point between the phase state and the frequency is also random, because the clock sources of the GSK are not synchronized. However, alternately using two frequencies having the same transmission period ensures that the non-common frequencies of the two GSKs occur during half of at least one evaluation period and that the coefficient c3 becomes sufficiently large. This example shows this limit. At the time of sampling 816, the coefficients are evaluated and c3 >> If this result occurs too often during the 20-second observation time, the momentary bridging phenomenon of the isolation can be notified. In summary, it can be ascertained that an advantageous form of the method of the invention can be used to calculate the coefficients of the fast Fourier transform of the received signal. This method provides the following advantages: The effective interference bandwidth of 12.5 Hz is comparable to Method I and is therefore up to 2 times better than existing systems. In terms of occupancy status, it is not necessary to consider an unfavorable point in time, which would cause compromise in interference immunity. It is impossible to eliminate the transmitted signal by interference of a narrow band. By means of the alternating transmission frequency, a manual transmission pause can be produced, which achieves a level of interference recognition of the same level as the track circuit UGSK 95 of Siemens Schweiz AG known from the prior art. The FFT has been fully explored and the FFT can be implemented in a digital manner with proof of security. On the other hand, this method has only the following minor defects -36-200831336 points: The computational power required for FFT is stronger than that of the three Ι-FIR-filter methods. The time limit required for interference identification is only required to be barely observed in the worst case. However, these limits are not an absolute limitation and white is interpreted as a standard flaw. & The most important operation parameters of this method are as follows: Parameter 値 Oversampling frequency 1 os = 1 2.8 kHz ~^^ Sampling frequency ls = 1 600 Hz ^^. Transmit frequency 1 fl=208.1 Hz ^^- Transmit frequency 2 ' —————_ f2 = 225.0 Hz Transmit frequency 3 —~~. f3 = 243.7 5 Hz Transmit period ta, b= 1 70 ms FFT window length In=256 FFT accuracy 1 6 bit table 5 processing parameters [simple figure Explanation] The basic principle of the track circuit in Figure 1. The filtered signal received in Fig. 2 has a section and division. Figure 3 shows the critical enthalpy of the track occupancy state and a level curve. Figure 4 illustrates the principle of the maximum interference voltage generated by the orbital current. Figure 5 shows the transmission frequency used by the track circuit and the harmonics of the traction current of 16 2/3 Hz. -37- 200831336 Figure 6 FFT of the adjusted transmission frequency so far. Figure 7 is a functional block diagram of the evaluation device. Figure 8 is an IIR-receiving filter. Figure 9 shows the effect on the output signal by the change in coefficients. Figure 10 shows the filter characteristics at 1 600 Hz (left) and 1 7 24 Hz (right). An illustration of the evaluation of the digitized received signal in Figure 11. Figure 12 is a functional block in a third receive channel. Figure 13 shows the state diagram of the system in general idle state. P Figure 14 is a sinusoidal form of interfering signal. Figure 15 is used as noise for interference signals. Figure 16 shows a Gaussian pulse for short-term interference. Figure 17 is a simulation of an undisturbed empty section. The coefficient curve of the viewing time point (sampling point) selected in II 1 8 is shown. Figure 19 is a time plot of the coefficients for a normal occupancy state. Figure 20 shows the effect of adjacent track circuits in an isolated transient error 〇 I Figure 21 Effect of sinusoidal form of interference. Figure 22 shows the effect of interference in another sinusoidal form. Figure 23 shows the effect of interference in another sinusoidal form. -38-

Claims (1)

200831336 X. Patent application scope: 1. A method for indicating the idle state of a track segment, which is characterized by: a) the length of the segment is defined by a track interrupted at two ends; b) one in the track An alternating voltage is supplied to the end as an input signal having two alternate frequencies; c) an output signal is measured at the other end of the track; d) of the two frequencies of the measured output signal The composition is analyzed; and f ' e) is based on an analysis of the limit 値 to determine what state the orbit is. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the section is tested for various states of "idle", "occupied" and "interfered". 3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the output signal is analyzed in a three-channel manner. 4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the output signal is subjected to band pass filtering in at least two channels, the conduction frequency of the band pass substantially corresponding to two of the input signals frequency. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the level of the output signal in the first channel is analyzed at a frequency of the just-input input signal, and the level of the output signal in the second channel is The frequency of the input signal that has not been sent is analyzed, and the spectrum of the output signal is analyzed in the third channel. 6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in order to indicate the idle state of two adjacent segments of a track segment, the input is in the two segments -39-200831336 Only one frequency in the signal is coordinated. 'The other frequencies are different from each other, and the frequencies just transmitted are also adjusted to be different from each other in adjacent sectors. 7. A system for indicating an idle state of a track segment, comprising: a) a track interrupted at two ends, the length of which defines the length of the segment; b) a transmitter, one of the tracks An alternating voltage is supplied to the end as an input signal in the track having two alternate frequencies; f: c) a receiver whereby an output signal is measured at the other end of the track; d) - An analysis device whereby the components of the two frequencies of the measured output signal are analyzed; and e) a logic device that determines the state of the track based on an analysis of the comparison of the limits. 8. A system as claimed in claim 7 wherein the section is detectable for various states of "idle", "occupied" and "interfered". (9) The system of claim 7 or 8, wherein the output signal is analyzed in a three-channel manner. The system of any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein the output signal Bandpass filtering is applied to at least two channels, and the conduction frequency of the bandpass substantially corresponds to two frequencies of the input signal. 1 1 · The system of claim 10, wherein in the first channel The level of the output signal is analyzed at the frequency of the input signal just sent, and the level of the output signal in the second channel is analyzed at the frequency of the input signal -40-200831336, which has just been issued, and A system for analyzing the output signal in the third channel. The system of any one of the claims 7 to 11, wherein the idle state of two adjacent segments of a track segment is indicated. Then, only one of the input signals in the two sections is coordinated, and the other frequencies are different from each other, and the frequency just transmitted may be adjusted to be different from each other in the adjacent sections. -41-