TW200826121A - Magnetorheological formulation - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetorheological formulation which comprises an ionic liquid comprising anions and cations, dispersed magnetizable particles having a mean diameter of from 0.1 to 500 μm and, if appropriate, additives.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a magnetic flow wheat formulation comprising magnetizable particles dispersed in a liquid, a method for preparing the magnetorheological formulation, and use thereof. [Prior Art] Magnetorheological Formulation (abbreviation: MRF) generally refers to a formulation that changes its rheological properties under the action of a magnetic field. It is typically a suspension of ferromagnetic, superparamagnetic or paramagnetic particles in a liquid. If the suspension is exposed to a magnetic field, its flow resistance increases. This is caused by the fact that due to its magnetic interaction, the dispersed magnetizable particles (e.g., iron particles) form a chain structure along the magnetic field lines. During shearing of the MRF, these structures are partially destroyed but formed again. The rheological properties of a magnetorheological formulation in a magnetic field are similar to those of a plastomer with a flow limit, i.e., a minimum shear stress needs to be applied to cause a magnetorheological formulation to flow. High propagating shear stress is required to use magnetorheological formulations in controllable devices such as: shock absorbers, clutches, brakes, and other devices (eg, haptic devices, crash dampers, wire-steering steering systems, Wire-controlled gear system and line control system, sealing device, holding system, prosthesis, matching device and bearing). A known application of a magnetically variable liquid is described in, for example, US 5,547,049, EP 1 016 806 B1 or EP 1 025 373 B1. The use of hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, alkenes, polyolefins (PA0); or esters, polyesters; emu oil; polyalkylene glycols or water as a matrix, according to prior art formulations known to those skilled in the art liquid. Carbonyl iron powder (spherical iron particles of 124 to 30,379,1,2008,2,121,1 inch) is often used as a magnetic component, but other alloy particles (WO 94/10691) or particles having irregular shape (w〇04/) are also described. 044931 or US 2004/140447). The excellent suitability of using a magnetorheological formulation requires that the magnetizable particles used in the liquid have a low tendency to settle. If settling occurs, it must be capable of being easily agitated, i.e., readily redispersible, to avoid adversely affecting the function of the apparatus in which the magnetorheological formulation is used. Aggregates and hardenings that are no longer redispersible (formation of the falling objects can be overcome, in whole or in part, by the use of suitable dispersing agents. Typically, polymers or surfactants are used for this purpose. US 5,683,615 describes the use of thiophosphorus and / or a thioamino phthalate compound as a dispersant for magnetizable particles to improve colloidal stability. US 2004/0084651 describes oleate, naphthenate, sulfonate, phosphate, laurate, hard A fatty acid such as lithium hydroxystearate, stearic acid, glycerol monooleate and a fatty alcohol as a dispersing agent. US 2002/0130305 mentions an ethoxylated alkylamine such as tallow fatty amine ethoxylate as Preferred surfactants. Us 〇 2003/0047705 claims ethoxylated and propoxylated alkylamines. Furthermore, known magnetorheological formulations generally comprise a thixotropic agent which establishes a flow limit and thus counteracts Settling of particles. The hardness of the sediment is reduced and the redispersibility of the precipitated particles is promoted by the additives. The prior art is a type of smectite that uses hydrophobic modification in non-polar liquids, especially microcrystals.咼岭石类Layered citrate (wo 01/03150 Α 1 χ main component of bentonite), tannin or dispersed cerium oxide (us 5, 667, 715). It is also known to use carbon particles (us 5, 354, 488) or polyurea for this purpose (DE 196 54 461 A1) 〇124379.doc 200826121 A water-based magnetorheological formulation is described in US 6,132,633 and comprises a layered silicate of hydrophilic bentonite or hectorite type. Also referred to as synthetic stallite (similar to lithium The synthetic smectite of smectite is used for this intended use. The propagating shear stress of the magnetorheological formulation increases with the weight ratio of the magnetizable particles. For individual applications, magnetizable particles are absolutely required. The weight ratio is above 90% or above 90. The strategy for maximizing the weight ratio and thus maximizing the field-propagable shear stress is related to the fine-tuning of the particle size, possibly using particle sizes of different orders (WO 97/15058). US 5,667,715 relates to a mixture of large iron particles and small iron particles for maximizing the ratio of propagated shear stress in a magnetic field to non-magnetically propagated shear stress. However, the magnetizable particles are increased as the degree of color increases. The accumulation and intrinsic viscosity or shear stress constitute a limiting factor in each case. Therefore, U.S. Patent Application No. 2006/0033068 describes a magnetorheological formulation having a ratio of magnetizable particles (having a particular geometry). The particles of the flakes, needles or cylinders or egg-shaped U are themselves aligned in the direction of liquid flow without affecting the magnetic field, and thus can be present in the field compared to magnetorheological formulations comprising, for example, spherical particles. It has a lower intrinsic viscosity than the maximum shear stress. Another strategy to maximize the achievable shear stress is to remove the particle surface, the upper troublesome impurities (WO 94/10694 or WO 95/28719) or to use certain alloys. (WO 94/10691). It is known to those skilled in the art that the polarity of the liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation plays a role in the shear stress of the magnetic flux in the magnetic flux. Thus, the poly-alpha olefin based magnetorheological formulation exhibits a lower shear stress than the polyoxo-based MR formulation or even the aqueous system. The liquid component of the magneto-rheological additive can contribute to the improvement of shear stress. And the conventional polar liquid (such as water • A poly-alcohol) present in the magnetic "IL纟 distribution exhibits a very high viscosity or condensation at a temperature lower than -20 C and the magnetic field The appropriate magnetorheological formulations in which the ratio of the propagated shear stress to the non-magnetic field can propagate J shear stress are excluded. () Another unsolved problem with uranium is the poor thermal stability of the liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation. Therefore, a variety of known magnetorheological formulations that have low viscosity at low temperatures and are therefore available for use in the automotive industry are stable for only a relatively long period of time at temperatures up to 1 ,, however, regardless of the magnetorheological formulation. The evaporation loss of the liquid present is also because the chemical change of the liquid is no longer sufficiently stable at the higher temperatures of up to 150C. It is understood in this context that the performance characteristics are not degraded as a result of the thermal negative #. This equivalent energy characteristic is first of all rheological properties, that is, the flow behavior under the influence of a magnetic field and a magnetic field. Secondly, the formulation should not exhibit instability or heterogeneity after a relatively long period of heat load, such as agglomeration or significant settling, such as the formation of hard sediments that are no longer redispersible, especially in the case of dispersants. Partial or total loss of functionality. By f, the liquid having a low ^ # degree at a low temperature and present in the magnetorheological formulation has an excessively high vapor pressure at a temperature of 15 generations or more. The result is a partial evaporation of the liquid at high operating temperatures so that the magnetorheological formulation thickens. Known magnetorheological formulations containing liquids that can be exposed to high operating temperatures above (10) without adversely affecting the life of the magnetorheological formulation are too viscous even without the application of a magnetic field, 124379.doc 200826121 Amorphously solidified or crystallized at temperatures below -20 °C. A disadvantage of the known magnetorheological formulations is that they generally do not have the desired combination of properties in the respective fields of use. Individual components of the formulation (eg, matrix liquids, viscosity modifiers, magnetizable particles, dispersants, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, and lubricants, and other components) should be suitable for each application, such that The high volume fraction of magnetizable particles also ensures the availability of the formulation. This is understood to mean that the fluidity of the material is formulated in a wide temperature range of, for example, _4〇C to 2〇〇〇c, the viscosity is as low as possible in the absence of a magnetic field, and the shear stress can be propagated in the magnetic field. It may be high, and the magnetizable particles are less settled. The tendency of the I set is small and it is easy to redisperse after sedimentation. Another important property is that the magnetorheological formulation is highly stable to the energy input caused by the use. This energy is input by high shear under magnetic fields and without magnetic field and manifests itself as high fluid temperature, wear and physical and chemical fluid changes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetorheological formulation that avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and has as many of the above mentioned properties as desired for a particular application. In particular, magnetorheological formulations should be able to be used over a wide temperature range, 'for example, in a particular variant, it should be liquid at -40 °c and capable of - exposed to temperatures above 150 °C Without adversely affecting usability. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide, in particular, a magnetorheological formulation which is redispersible after sedimentation of the magnetizable particles without problems and by means of which the highest possible shear stress can propagate under the applied magnetic field. In addition, the rheological properties of the magnetorheological formulation should be as small as possible in the magnetic field and after prolonged mechanical stress 124379.doc -10- 200826121 without applying a magnetic field. According to the present invention, this object is achieved by a magnetorheological particle comprising an ionized liquid comprising an anion and a cation, a dispersed magnetizable particle having an average diameter of from 1 to 500 μηι, and, if appropriate, an additive. The dispersed particles may be dispersed in a liquid composed only of an ionic liquid (1 〇〇 wt%) in a liquid further containing a component such as an additive in addition to the ionic liquid. The ratio of the weight ratio of the ionic liquid (the weight S ratio to the additive weight ratio is preferably greater than 1, especially preferably greater than 2.) in terms of the total weight of the magnetorheological formulation, the ionic liquid and the magnetizable in the magnetorheological formulation. All components present outside the particle are referred to as additives. Formulations of the invention based on ionic liquids comprise a liquid having a completely novel composition and compared to liquids known from the prior art and present in magnetorheological formulations, The liquid does not substantially contain hydrocarbons, esters, polyethers, polyethers, eucalyptus oils or water. If the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention is exposed to a magnetic field, it exhibits a very high shear shear stress. Compared to conventional magnetorheological formulations with comparable shear stress, lower coloration (less magnetizable particles per volume) can be used in the magnetorheological formulations of the present invention, which in turn means magnetic current The viscosity-adjusting ligand has a lower viscosity in the absence of a magnetic field. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the shear stress in the magnetic field is substantially smaller than the shear stress temperature dependence of the magneto-rheological formulation based on the hydrophobic oil. Magnetic current The tonal formulation is flowable even at -40 ° C and is chemically stable and has minimal evaporation loss at temperatures above 180 C. Due to the polar nature of the ionic liquid, magnetizable particles having a hydrophilic surface are dispersed (eg Iron particles) may be surface-active additives or fractions such as magnetorheological formulations that occur after long-term or permanent stress and are attributed to, for example, changes in dispersant. Chemical and physical changes do not occur. Therefore, the propagating shear stress of the ionic liquid-based magnetorheological formulation under magnetic field and without magnetic field is practically unchanged after continuous load testing, for example, based on polyolefin-based magnetic flux modulation. The ligand undergoes a change in shear stress. The ionic liquid of the present invention is a liquid salt which is preferably liquid at a temperature below 1 Torr. In the context of the present invention, the ionic liquid is preferably (A) Formula (1) Salt [Α]ί [Y Guang (1), where η is 1, 2, 3 or 4, [Α]+ is a tetra-ammonium cation, an oxy-rust cation, a phosphonium cation or a scale cation, and [Υ]η· is a unit price, Bivalent, trivalent or Tetravalent anion; (Β) mixed salt of formula (II) [aMIaY [Y]n· (Ha), where η = 2 ; [A^'tA^^A3]" [Υ]η· (TM) , where n=3; or [A1] + [A2] + [A3] + [A4]+ [Υ]η· (Ik), where n=4 and where [AT, [A2]+, [A3] + And [A4] + are independently selected from each other for the group mentioned for [A] + , and [Υ]η· has the meanings mentioned under (A); or (C) the mixed salt of the formula (III) [Α1] + [Α2] + [Α3] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· (Ilia) where η=4 ; [Α1] + [Α2] + [Μ1] + [Μ2]+ [Υ]η· (IHb) where η=4 ; 124379.doc -12- 200826121

[Α1] + [Μ1] + [Μ2] + [Μ3]+ [Υ] [Α1] + [Α2] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· [Α^ηΜ^^Μ2]" [Υ]η · [Α1] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]0' [Α!] + [Α2] + [Μ4]2+ [Υ]11' [Υ]η* [aYcm5]3. [Υ]η- [Α !] + [Μ4]2+ [Υ]η· where [A1]4", [Α2] + and [ΑΥ mutually (lllc) ' where η=4 ; (llld) where η=3 ; (llle) where η (3) where η=2; (II)[g) where η=4; (Illh) where η=4; (ΙΙΠ) where η=4; or (Illj) where η=3 and independently selected Since the group '[Υ]η mentioned for [Α]+ has the meaning mentioned under (Α); and [Μ1]+, [μ2]+, [Μ3Γ is a monovalent metal cation, [Μ4] 2* It is a divalent metal cation and [Μ5]3 + is a trivalent metal cation. The ionic liquid preferably has a refining point of less than 180 °C. Further, the melting point is preferably lower than 150 ° C, more preferably lower than 120 ° C and even more preferably lower than 〇 1 〇 (Γ.

A cation suitable for the formation of an ionic liquid [a compound of hydrazine is disclosed, for example, in DE ϋ 102 02 838 A1. Thus, the compounds may comprise oxygen, a fill, sulfur or especially a nitrogen atom, for example at least one nitrogen atom, preferably one nitrogen atom, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, very particularly preferably 丨3. Especially 丨_2 nitrogen atoms. Other heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus atoms may also be present, if appropriate. The nitrogen atom is a suitable carrier for a positive charge in the cation of the ionic liquid, such that the proton or alkyl group can be balanced from it to the anion to produce an electrically neutral molecule. In the case where the nitrogen atom is a positively charged carrier in the cation of the ionic liquid, in the ionic liquid combination, the cerium ion enthalpy is firstly subjected to four stages on a nitrogen atom such as an amine or an aza 124379.doc -13·200826121%. An ammonium reaction is produced. The quaternization reaction can be achieved by alkylation of a nitrogen atom. Depending on the alkylating agent used, salts having different anions are obtained. This may be achieved in another synthesis step in the unlikely event that it is not possible to form the desired anion in the quaternary ammonium reaction itself. For example, LV, starting from ammonium hydride, can form a complex anion with Lewis acid, Lewis, and Lucan. Alternatively, it is possible to replace the halogen ion with the parent for the anion. This can be achieved by adding a metal salt, a metal formed by 〇*, via an ion exchanger or by replacing the "ion ion with a strong acid (releasing hydrogen i acid). Suitable methods are described, for example, in Angew. Chem. 2000, 1 12, p. 3926, 3945 and its extract. A suitable home base for which the nitrogen atom of the amine or nitrogen heterocycle can be subjected to, for example, quaternization is a Cdc18 alkyl group, preferably a pin. Particularly preferred is a to C6 alkyl group, and very particularly preferably methyl. The alkyl group may be unsubstituted or may have one or more substituents which may be the same or different. G s preferred compound is at least one a five- to six-membered heterocyclic ring, especially a five-membered heterocyclic ring, which has at least one nitrogen atom and, if appropriate, a (four) or sulfur atom; a particularly preferred compound contains at least one of five to: The rings are combined with you, + the heterocyclic ring has one, two or three nitrogen atoms and a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, and particularly preferably a heterocyclic ring having two nitrogen atoms. The aromatic ring is preferred. The compound of ruthenium and ruthenium has a molecular weight of less than g/m01, especially仏 less than 500 g/mol and especially less than 25 〇 ^ of these compounds. The 乂 乂 k cation is selected from the compounds of the formula (IVa) to (IVw) 124379.doc -14- 200826121

R R

R

R

3, 4 R R

0N

N

\)- a V

b V

c V R- f

R

R

e V RINXGivf)

N/

R

R

R

R

RIN,

, R

R

g V .,1/c

R

R

h V

V

R

• J 6\ V R

:XR /UN 4 ‘ !\ R R (IVk) (IVk,) (IV1) 124379.doc -15- 200826121

R\ R4 R-

R 1/ (IVm,)

1/N\ /N two R R Y R r2/xr3 (IVn)

(IVo,) R\ /R R\/r

(IVq) (IVq,)

R\ /R R\ ,R』R R2 R (IVr) (IVr?)

7 R R"R!^3 ΙΛ 1/ \ K R R (IVs) R5 R4

RJ 124379.doc -16- 200826121

R2 !-Ν—R1 R (IVu) R%: ~(10)

R (IVv) (IVw) Other suitable cations are the compounds of the formulae (IVx) and (IVy) and the oligomers comprising such structures. R2 〇1 + „ R2 R—P—R1 S—R1 RIR (IVx) (IVy) and a polymer comprising the same. In the above-mentioned formulae (IVa) to (IVy), Ο • group R Is a hydrogen; a saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic carbon-containing organic group which is unsubstituted or substituted or intervened to a hetero atom or functional group and has丨 to 2 碳 carbon atoms 丨 and the groups R to R are each independently hydrogen, sulfo or saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic carbon-containing organic ruthenium a group which is unsubstituted or substituted or interspersed with 1 to 5 hetero atoms or functional groups and has 1 to 2 G carbon atoms' in the above-mentioned formula (Iv) in which a carbon atom is bonded (instead of a hetero atom) may additionally Halogen from the two adjacent groups of the series RiR9 - (iv) is a saturated or unsaturated bis-non-5 cyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or aralipha: valence carbon-containing organic group, substituted or via (1) A hetero atom or a functional group is substituted or has _ 1 having 30 carbon atoms. In the definition of the group R and R1 to R9, the appropriate hetero atom in the group is in principle 124379.doc 2 00826121, -Ce or = all the impurities of the oxime group, then oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and bismuth -, -S〇2·, -NR'-, -N=, -PR'·

Formally replace _ch2-, _eH== sub. It is preferred if the carbon-containing group contains a hetero atom. In particular, -0_, -S-, _SQ, -PR'2 and -SiRV may be mentioned as preferred groups, and the group R is the remainder of the carbon-containing group. In the case where the carbon atom (not a hetero atom) is bonded in the above-mentioned formula (10), the group ... to 9 may be directly bonded via a hetero atom.

Suitable functional groups are in principle all functional groups which can bond carbon atoms or heteroatoms. -OH (hydroxyl), =〇 (especially as a carbonyl group)_nh2 (amine group = NH (imino group), -C00H (carboxyl group), _c〇NH2 (carboxyammonium group), -S〇3H (sulfo group) And -CN (cyano) may be mentioned as a suitable example. The functional group and the hetero atom may also be directly adjacent to each other so as to also include a plurality of adjacent atoms (such as -〇-(5)), -s-(sulfur(4),- A combination of COO_, _c〇NH_ (second guanamine) or -CONR,-(third guanamine), for example, a di(Ci_c4 group) amine group, a CrC4 alkoxycarbonyl group or an alkoxy group. , gas, bromine and moth may be mentioned as a halogen. The group R is preferably a straight chain or a branched chain (^ to a heart 8 alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or via a hydroxyl group, a halogen, a phenyl group, a cyano group, ^ to alkaneoxycarbonyl and / or sulfo monosubstituted to polysubstituted and having a total of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2- Butyl, 2·methyl-propyl (isobutyl), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-butyl), 丨-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl -1-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2-hydrazino-2-butyl, %methyl-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethylpropane , Bu 124379.doc -18 - 200826121 base, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-ipentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2- Methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-indenyl, 4-mercapto-2-indenyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, dimethyl 1-butyl, 2,3-dimercapto-i-butyl, 3,3·dimethyl-b-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene , 3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 1-heptyl, 1-octyl, decyl, iota-yl, ι_d/hyun, decyl-dodecyl, 1- Tetradecyl, 1-hexadecyl, 1-octadecyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl, 3-phenyl-propyl, 2-cyanoguanidino, 2-(methoxy Carbonyl)ethyl, 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl, 2-(n-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluorof-group, pentafluoro-ethyl, heptafluoropropene Base, heptafluoroisopropyl, nonafluorobutyl, nonafluoro-isobutyl, undecafluoropentyl, undecafluoroisopentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl and propyl sulfonic acid; Alcohol and its polymer having 1 to 100 units and a hydrogen atom or a Ci to Cs alkyl group as a terminal group, such as ra〇_(ChRb _cH2-〇〇)n-CHRB-CH2-A RA〇"(CH2CH2CH2CH2〇)n-CH2CH2CH2CH20-, wherein R and R are preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and n is preferably 〇 to 3, especially 3-oxahexyl, 3-oxapentyl, 3,6-dioxaheptyl, 3,6-dioxaoctyl, 3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 3,6, 9-trioxo* heteroundecyl, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxa-tridecyl and 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecyl; •vinyl; Ν, Ν--Ci to C6 amine group, such as ν, Ν-dimethylamino and hydrazine, Ν-diethylamino. 124379.doc • 19- 200826121 The group R is particularly preferably straight-chain and unsubstituted (: 1 to (: 18 alkyl, such as decyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, pentyl,丨_hexyl, 丨_heptyl, 1-octyl, 1-indenyl, budecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecanoyl-octadecyl, especially methyl, ethyl , butyl and fluorenyl-octyl, and CH30-(CH2CH20)n-CH2CH2- and Ch3CH2〇-(CH2CH20)n-CH2CH2-, the towel n is 〇 to 3. • The groups R1 to R9 are independently of each other. Hydrogen; 〇•halogen; •functional group; • Ci-C!8 alkyl group, optionally via functional group, aryl group, alkyl group, aryloxy group, alkoxy group, halogen, hetero atom and/or heterocyclic ring Substituting and/or intercalating with one or more oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups; • C2-Cls alkenyl group, optionally via functional groups, aryl groups , alkyl, aryloxyindenyl, alkoxy, halogen, hetero atom and/or heterocyclic ring and/or substituted by one or more oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted Substituted imine interpenetrating; • aryl, as appropriate Functional group, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, halogen, hetero atom and/or heterocyclic ring; • cycloalkyl, optionally via functional group, aryl group, alkyl group, aryloxy group, alkane Alternating to oxy, _, hetero, and/or heterocyclic; • cycloalkenyl, optionally via functional group, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, _, hetero, and/or heterocyclic Substituted; or 124379.doc 200826121 is substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aromatic hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring and has a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring, depending on the oxy group, alkoxy group, nucleus, Oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur atoms; or two adjacent groups ^4

Not saturated with a saturated or aromatic ring, optionally substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, a burnt earth oxy group, an alkoxy group, a dentate, a hetero atom, and/or a heterocyclic ring, and one or more oxygen and / or a sulfur atom and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups interspersed. The group substituted with a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a hetero atom and/or a hetero ring as the case may be preferably a fluorenyl group, an ethyl group, a 1-propyl group or a 2-propyl group. Base, 丨-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl (isobutyl 2-methyl) propyl (t-butyl), i-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl_1·butyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, %methyl-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, ^hexyl, 2_ Hexyl, hexyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2-nonyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl Base, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-ι-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl Butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-I-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2- Butyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, 1,1,3,3-tetradecylbutyl, anthracenyl, i-fluorenyl , 丨_undecyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tridecyl, 1-tetradecyl, 1-pentadecyl, 1-hexadecyl, 1-heptadecyl, 1-octadecyl, cyclopentyl , 2-cyclopentylethyl, 3-cyclopentylpropyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, benzyl (phenylmethyl), diphenyl -Methyl 124379.doc -21 - 200826121 (diphenylmethyl), triphenylmethyl, 丨-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenyl-propyl, α,α-dimethyl Benzyl, p-tolylmethyl, 1-(p-butylphenyl)ethyl, p-benzyl benzyl 2,4-dichlorobenzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, m-ethoxy-benzyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2·cyanopropyl, 2-methoxycarbonylethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-butoxycarbonylpropyl, iota, 2-di-(methoxy Ethylcarbonyl)ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, decyl, 13-dioxolan Γ Ο Ο 2-yl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 2-methyl-1,3-di Oxolane 2-yl, 4-mercapto-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-propyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl , 6-hydroxyhexyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-aminopropyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 6-aminohexyl, 2-methyl-aminoethyl, 2-methylaminopropyl, 3-methylaminopropyl, 4-methylamino Butyl, 6-methylaminohexyl, 2-dimethylaminoethyl, 2-dimethylaminopropyl, 3-dimethylaminopropyl, 4-dimethylaminobutyl , 6-dimethylaminohexyl, 2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, nonylphenoxypropyl, 3-phenoxypropyl, 4·benzene Oxybutyl, 6-phenoxyhexyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-methoxypropene, 3-methoxypropyl, 4-decyloxybutyl, 6-methoxyhexyl , 2_ethoxyethyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 4-ethoxybutyl, ethoxyhexyl, ethylidene, CnF2(na)+(b H2a+b (wherein to 3〇, 〇^η and, for example, CF3, C2F5, CH2CH2_c, v η (η-2) 2(n-2)+l, C6F!3, CgFi7,

Ci〇F21, C12F25), chloromethyl, 2-翕7, - ash m 甘, 二, 二, dimethyl, dimethyl, methoxymethyl, methoxymethyl , 2 ^ 2] mercaptoethyl, diethoxymethyl, monoethoxyethyl, 2-isopropoxyquinone 0 ^ ^ oxime ethyl, 2-butoxypropyl, 2- Octyloxyethyl, 2-methoxyiso-[0/" m 4+ N-violet, 2-(methoxycarbonyl)-ethyl, 2_ 124379.doc -22- 200826121 (ethoxycarbonyl) Ethyl, 2·(n-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl, butylthiomethyl, 2-dodecylthioethyl, phenylthioethyl, 5-hydroxy-3-3 oxapentyl, 8 -Hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl,!丨·hydroxy- 3,6,9·trioxa--alkyl, 7-hydroxy-4-oxaheptyl, u-hydroxy-4,8-dioxadecyl, 15-hydroxy- 4,8,12-trioxapentadecyl, hydroxy_5_oxanonyl, 14-hydroxy-5,10-dioxatetradecyl, 5-methoxy-3-oxaxan Base, cardiomethoxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, U.methoxy-3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 7-methoxy-4-oxaheptyl, Ιι_methoxy-4-4,8-dioxadecyl, 15-methoxy-4,8,12-trioxapentadecyl, 9-methoxy-5-oxanonyl , 14-methoxy-5,10-dioxatetradecyl, 5-ethoxy-3-oxadecyl, 8-ethoxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, ethoxy Base_3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 7-ethoxy-4-oxaheptyl, u-ethoxy-4,8-dioxadecyl, 15-B Oxy-4,8,12-trioxapentadecyl, 9-ethoxyoxanonyl or 14-ethyllacyl-5,10-oxatetradecyl. Substituting a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring and/or one or more oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more The substituted or unsubstituted imido group intercalated quinone to Cu alkenyl group is preferably a vinyl group, a 2-propenyl group, a 3-butenyl group, a cis-2-butenyl group, a trans-2-butenyl group or CnF2(n_aHl_b)H2a-b, where ns3〇, and b^O or 1. Substituting a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring (: 6 to (: 12 aryl group is preferably a phenyl group, a fluorenyl group group, Xylyl, α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl, 4-biphenyl, chlorophenyl, diphenyl, triphenyl, difluorophenyl, methylphenyl, dimethylbenzene 124379. Doc -23 - 200826121, trimethylphenyl, ethylphenyl, diethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, Dimethoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, hexyloxyphenyl, methylnaphthyl, isopropylnaphthyl, chloronaphthyl, ethoxynaphthyl, 2,6-didecylphenyl, 2,4,6-tridecylphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrobenzene Base, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, 2,6-dinitrophenyl, 4-didecylaminophenyl, 4-ethenylphenyl, nonyloxyethylphenyl, ethoxyp Methylphenyl 'methylthiophenyl, isopropylthiophenyl or tert-butylthiophenyl or C6F(5.a)Ha, wherein 〇ga<5. optionally via functional groups, aryl groups, The C5sc12 cycloalkyl group substituted with a aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring is preferably a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclododecyl group or a methylcyclopentyl group. , dimethyl phosphopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl, methoxycyclohexyl, dimethoxycyclohexyl, diethoxycyclohexyl, Butylthiocyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, dicyclohexyl, dichlorocyclopentanyl, (where n < 30, OSaSn and b = 0 or 1) and saturated or unsaturated bicyclic systems, such as sulphate or lower The alkenyl group. The c5 to C12 cycloalkenyl group optionally substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring is preferably a 3-cyclopentene group. Base, hexyl alkenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 2,5-cyclohexadienyl or

CnF2(n-a)-3(1-b)H2a-3b (where nS3〇, OSaSn and b = 0 or 1). a five-membered heteropolysaccharide substituted with a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom, and/or a heterocyclic ring, and having an oxygen, nitrogen, and/or sulfur atom, . Furamyl, porphinyl, σbi Loki, Than base, 吲124379.doc -24- 200826121 silk, benzoxazole, m-dioxenyl, dioxyl, benzoyl, benzoquinone, dimethyl A bite group, a methyl phthalocyanine group, a fluorenyl fluorenyl group, a methoxy hydrazine π south group, a dimethoxy carbene group or a diazetidyl group. If two adjacent groups are formed together, _ optionally substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, a leukoyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a hetero atom, and/or a heterocyclic ring, and Oxygen and/or sulfur atom and/or — or a plurality of substituted or unsubstituted hydrazine substituted imine-based #^ saturated, saturated steroid rings, preferably U3-extended propyl, hydrazine. , Μ 戊 、, propyl, oxa-1,3 propyl, oxa-i, 3- propyl, _ oxa _ U3 · propylene, 3 oxa-1 ,5· pentyl, 1-aza propylene, 1-Cl-C4 alkyl-aza-U•Exetylene, M_ Μ丁Μ·二妇基, 1-aza-i , 4-butyl-π-didecyl or 2-azadecenyl. -1 If the above-mentioned group contains an oxygen and/or sulfur atom and/or a substituted or unsubstituted filament, the number of oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms and/or imine groups is not limited. Usually, no more than 5, preferably no more than * and very particularly preferably no more than 3 in the group. Right = the group mentioned above contains a hetero atom, and usually at least one carbon atom, preferably at least two carbon atoms, is present between the two heteroatoms. The groups R1 to R9 are independently preferably, in particular, hydrogen; • straight or branched, such as 18 leuco, which is unsubstituted or via a base, a phenyl, a cyano group, a CjC6 alkoxy group. And/or sulfomonosubstituted to 124379.doc -25- 200826121 and substituted with a total of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-mercapto-1-propyl (isobutyl), 2-mercapto-2-propyl (t-butyl), 丨-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl , 2-methyl-1_butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-mercapto-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1- Propyl, i-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-indenyl -2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, ρ 4-decylpentyl, 2-methyl-3-methylpentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl 1-butyl, 2,3-dimercapto-fluorenyl-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl- 2-butyl , 3,3-didecyl-2-butyl, 1-heptyl, 1-octyl, 1-hydrazino, decyl, undecyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tetradecane Base, 1_hexadecyl,丨_Ectadecyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-(decyloxycarbonyl)ethyl, 2-(ethoxycarbonyl) , 2-(n-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoroindolyl, pentafluoro-ethyl, heptafluoropropyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, nonafluorobutyl , nonafluoroisobutyl, undecafluoropentyl, undecafluoroisopentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl and propyl sulfonic acid; • ethylene glycol, butylene glycol and its hydrogen having from 1 to 100 units Or a one-to-one Cl to Cs alkyl group as a terminal polymer, such as ra〇_(CHRb-CH2_0)n-CHRB-CH2- or wherein ...... and rb are preferably hydrogen methyl or ethyl, and η It is preferably 〇 to 3, especially 3 oxabutyl, 3 oxapentyl, 3,6-dioxa-heptyl, 3,6-dioxaoctyl, 3,6,9- Trioxane 124379.doc •26· 200826121 Indenyl, 3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatridecyl and 3,6,9,12 - tetraoxatetradecyl; • ethyl bromide; and • Ν'Ν---(^ to 匸6 alkylamino group, such as ν, Ν·dimethylamino and hydrazine, Ν_diethyl Amine.

The groups 1 to R9 which are independent of each other are particularly preferably hydrogen or q to alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, b-decyl, hexyl, heptyl or 1-octyl, phenyl, 2- By ethyl ethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-(methoxymethyl)ethyl, 2-(ethoxymethyl)ethyl, 2-(n-butoxy)ethyl, hydrazine, hydrazine Dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, chloro and cH3〇_(CH2CH20)n-CH2CH2-A CH3CH20-(CH2CH20)n.CH2CH2-, wherein n is from 0 to 3. The bite rust ion (IVa) which is preferably used in the eight is the same as the biting iron ion, wherein one of the groups R1 to R5 is 帀^^^, methine, ethyl or chloro, and R1 to R5 The remaining group is hydrogen; a • R3 is a dimethylamino group and the remaining groups W, R2, R4 and R5 are hydrogen; • all groups R1 to R5 are hydrogen; groups R1, R2, R4 and R5 are • R2 is a carboxyl group or a carboxy hydrazino group and the rest of the hydrazine; or •..., ge (10) is a hydrazine, and the bismuth R1, R2, R4 and R5 are hydrogen; and especially for their bismuth ions, R1 to R5 are hydrogen; or 124379.doc • 27- 200826121 • One of the groups R1 to R5 is a methyl group or an ethyl group, and the remaining groups of R1 to R5 are hydrogen. 1-methylpyridine rust, 1-ethylpyridinium, lG-butyl)pyridine rust, b (1-hexylpyridinium rust, 1-(1-octyl)pyridinium, 1-(1-hexyl) Acridine, 1·(1-octyl)pyridinium, 1-(1-dodecyl)pyridinium, 1-(1-tetradecyl)pyridine rust, 1-(1-ten Hexaalkyl)pyridinium, i,2-dimethyl-pyridine rust, 1-ethyl-2-methylacridinium, butyl)_2-methylpyridinium, (i-hexyl)-2- Methyl pyridine rust, 1_(1_octyl)·2-methylpyridinium, 1-(b-dodecyl)-2-methylpyridine rust, helium tetradecyl)-2-methyl Pyridinium, bis(hexadecyl)-2-methylpyridinium, benzyl-2-ethylpyridinium, 1,2-diethylpyridinium, butyl)-2-ethylpyridinium , 1-(1-hexyl)-2-ethylpiperidinium, 1-(1-octyl)_2-ethyl σ-pyridinium, oxime dodecyl> 2_ethylpyridinium, 1-(1_tetradecyl)_2-ethylpyridinium, 丨_(1•hexadecyl)-2-ethylpyridinium, anthracene, 2•dimercapto-ethyl-pyridine rust, ^-Diethyl-2_indenyl rust, "(h butyl)_2_methyl_3_ethyl 吼 镔 镔, 卜 U (卜己基) _2·methyl-3-ethyl ° pyridine rust and 1-(1-octyl)-2-mercapto-3-ethylpyridinium 疋镐,1·(1-dodecyl)methyl _ 3_Ethylpyridinium, anthracene, tetradecyl)-2-mercaptopurine, ethyl, iron, and bismuth (dihexyl) Pyridine rust ions (mentioned as mentioned above. • Very preferred pyridazine rust ions (IVb) are their pyridazine rust ions, where • R1 to R4 are hydrogen; or • one of the groups R1 to R4 Yantian. The methyl group or ethyl group, and the remaining groups of R1 to R4 are nitrogen. 124379.doc -28- 200826121 and /, the use of pyrimidine ions (lVc) for their pyrimidine ions, t is hydrogen 1 or ethyl and the core is independently hydrogen or methyl; or • R1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl 'R\R, f group and r3 is hydrogen. Pyrazinium ion (which is a pyrazinium ion, wherein • 'is wind, methyl or ethyl and feet 2 to 4 are independent of each other as hydrogen or methyl; f) · Rl is hydrogen, methyl or Ethyl, R2 and R4 are methyl and R3 is hydrogen; • RlR4 is methyl; or • R1 to R4 are methyl or hydrogen. Very particularly preferably used imidazole rust ions (iVe) are their imidazolium ions, wherein • R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentylene, hexyl, 1-octyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-cyanoethyl and 2 to 4 independently of each other are hydrogen, decyl or ethyl. U-methylimidazole rust, 1-ethylimidazolium, mi-butyl)imidazolium, (1-octyl)-imidazole rust, 1-(1-dodecyl)imidazole rust, 1-(1-tetradecyl)imidazolium, 1-(1-hexadecyl)imidazol rust, 153 _ dimethylimidazolium, puethyl-3-methylimidazo, ι_(ι_butyl)methyl-salt, ι_(Budin, yl)-3-ethylimidazolium, 1-(1 -hexyl)_3_decyl imidazolium, hexyl)_3-ethylisoindole, 1-(1-hexyl)-3. butyl gluten, ι_(ι_octyl)_3_methyl-imidazole rust , 1-(1-octyl)-3-ethylimidazolium rust, 1β(1-octyl)_3_butylimidazolium, 1-(1-dodecyl)-3-indolyl imidazole rust, 1_ 〇_12 烧基)-3 -Ethyl timolum sitting on cadmium, i-(i-dodecanyl)_3_butyl mirex, 〖—(I — 124379.doc -29- 200826121 Base)-3 -octyl Salivary, 1-(1-tetradecyl)_3-methyl-salt, 1-(1-tetradecyl)_3·ethyl Weijun, 1-(1_tetradecyl) _3· butyl imidazole rust, 1-(1-tetradecyl)-3-octyl imidazolium, 1-(i-hexadecano)-3-methylimidazolium, i-(i-hexa Alkyl)_3 -ethylimidazole rust, 1-(^hexadecyl)-3 - butylimidazolium, ι_(ι_hexadecyl)_3_octyl oxazolidine, 1,2-dimethyl Imidazolium rust, iota, 2,3-trimethylimidazolium, μethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazole rust, 1-(1_butyl)_2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 丨_( Bu Ο

-2,3-dimethyl-imidazole rust, octyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazole rust, 1,4-dimethylimidazolium, trimethyl-imidazolium, κ dimethyl 3_ethyl-imidazolium, 3-butylimidazolium, L4-dimethyl-3-octyl imidazolium, 1,4,5-trimethyl, oxazolidine, lw·tetramethylbazole rust, Κ5 —Trimethyl-3-ethylimidazolium, anthracene, 4,5-trimethyl_3_butylimidazolium and ^,5•trimethyl 3 octyl imidazole rust can be used as a very particularly preferred imidazole rust ion (1^6) mentioned. Very preferred are the use of cardioside ions (IVf), (IVg) or their oxazolium ions, wherein R is 虱 'methyl or ethyl and & 2 to & 4 are independently hydrogen or methyl. °: H is used for 镔0 sitting 镔 ions (IVh) for them. The ratio σ is 镔, where • R1 to R4 are independently hydrogen or methyl.镔 ions, wherein 7 卞 (m) is a bis-pyrazoline • R to R6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl. It is especially preferred to prepare f(tetra)phosphonium ions (lvj) or (lvj,) as their 2_124379.doc -30- 200826121 pyrazole-dip ion, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and R2 is R6 is independently of each other hydrogen or methyl. Very particularly preferably used 3-pyrazolinium ions (IVk) or (IVk,) are their 3-pyrazoline rust ions, wherein • R and 112 are independently hydrogen, decyl, ethyl or phenyl. And R3 to R6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl. The imidazolinium ion (IV1) particularly preferably used in the bungee is the imidazoline rust ion, wherein • hR2 is independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl or phenyl, and R and R are independently of each other. Hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl. Very preferably used imidazolinium ions (IVm) or (IVm,) are their imidazolinium ions, wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R3 to R6 are independently hydrogen. Or methyl. Very particularly preferably used imipenem ions (IVn) or (IVn·) are their oxazolidinium ions, wherein • R1 to R3 are independently of each other, new, 帀苴10, 4 苟虱 methyl or ethyl and R 4 To R6 are independent of each other ~ hydrogen or methyl. Very particularly preferred (4) cerium ions (IV.) or (IV.,) and very particularly preferably used oxazolium ions (Ινρ) are their ions, wherein • R is 虱, methyl, ethyl or The phenyl group and the ruler 2 and the ruler 3 are each independently a hydromethyl group. 124379.doc -31 - 200826121 Very particularly preferably used 丨 2 4_二一坐备离子(IVq), (IVq,) or (IVq ) is their 1,2,4-triazolium ion, of which R1 and R2 are independently of each other hydrogen, methyl: ethyl or phenyl and ammonia, methyl or phenyl. It is especially preferable to use the eve 1. - ,,-diazolium ions (lvr), (lvr,) or (IVr) are their 1,2,3-triazolium ions, of which η

It is a 2-hydrogenyl group or an ethyl group and R2 and the ampule 3 are each independently a chlorine or a methyl group, or R and R3 are an M_ 丁 丨, a 3-dienyl group. Very particularly preferably used materials (IV) ions (IVs) are each of the biting ions, wherein R is wind, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and & 2 to & 9 are independently hydrogen or methyl. Very special /, K soil use taste σ sitt town ion (lvt) for test skin and other bite iron ions, where • R and R are independent of each other hydrogen, sulfhydryl, ethyl or phenyl and R2 and R3 and R5 to R8 are each independently hydrogen or methyl. Very particularly preferably used ammonium ions (IVu) are their ammonium ions, wherein • R1 to R3 are independent of each other (: 1 to (: 18 alkyl; or • R1 and R2 are 丨, 5 伸 pentyl) Or 3_oxa", 5_ pentyl and ... is C^Cu alkyl, 2_ylethyl or 2-cyanoethyl. Methyltris(1_butyl)ammonium, N,N- Dimercaptopiperidinium and N,N-dimercapto-carbene rust can be mentioned as very particularly preferred ammonium ions. The general formula (iVu) is derived by quaternization of 4 groups of R. Examples of secondary amines of the ammonium ion are diethyl-n-butylamine, diethyl-tert-butyl 124379.doc-32-200826121 amine, diethyl-n-pentylamine, diethylhexylamine , diethyl-octylamine, diethyl-(2-ethylhexyl)amine, di-n-propylbutylamine, di-n-propyl-n-pentyl-amine, di-n-propylhexylamine , di-n-propyl octylamine, di-n-propyl-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-amine, diisopropylethylamine, diisopropyl-n-propylamine, diisopropylbutyl Amine, diisopropyl-pentyl-amine, diisopropylhexylamine, diisopropyloctylamine, diisopropyl-(2-ethylhexyl)amine, di- Butylethylamine, di-n-butyl-n-propylamine, di-n-butyl-n-pentyl-amine, di-n-butylhexylamine, di-n-butyloctylamine, di-n-butyl Base-(2-ethylhexyl)amine, N-n-butyl pyrrolidine, N-second butyl pyrrolidine, N-t-butylpyrrolidine, N-n-pentyl-pyrrolidine, N,N- Dimercaptocyclohexylamine, N,N-diethylfylhexylamine, anthracene, N-di-n-butyl- lysyl-hexylamine, N-n-propylpiperidine, hydrazine-isopropylpiperidine, Ν-n-butylpiperidine, oxime-t-butyl brigade bite, Ν-t-butyl group, Ν-正-戊基旅 定定, Ν-正butyl 琳琳, Ν-second butyl? Porphyrin, Ν-t-butylmorpholine, Ν-n-pentylmorpholine, Ν-benzyl-Ν-ethyl-aniline, Nf-quinone-n-propyl-aniline, Ν-knot group-Ν Propylaniline, N-benzyl-N-n-butyl-aniline, N,N-dimercapto-p-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-di-n-butyl - p-toluidine, diethylbenzylamine, di-n-propyl-benzylamine, di-n-butyl benzylamine, diethyl-phenylamine, di-n-propylphenylamine and di- n-Butylphenylamine. Preferred tertiary amine (IVu) is diisopropyl Ethyl ethylamine, diethyl-tert-butylamine, diisopropylbutylamine, di-n-butyl-n-pentylamine, N,N-di-n-butylcyclohexylamine and self-pentyl A tertiary amine obtained from an isomer. Particularly preferred tertiary amine is di-n-butyl-n-pentylamine and a tertiary amine obtained from a pentyl isomer. Another preferred one having three identical groups The tertiary amine is tri-124379.doc -33- 200826121 propyl propylamine. Very particularly preferred strontium salt ions (IVv) are their sulfonium salt ions, wherein • R1 to R5 are fluorenyl groups. The N,N,N',N',N",N"-hexamethylene sulfonium salt can be mentioned as a very particularly preferred onium salt ion (IVv). Very particularly preferably used choline salt ions (IVW) are their choline salt, wherein 〇·Rl&R2 are independently methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl or 1-octyl and R3 is Hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, ethyl hydrazino, _S〇2〇H or _p〇(〇h)2; • R1 is methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl or octyl, and R2 is _CH2_CH2_ or4 And R3 and R4 are independently of each other hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, ethylidene, -S020H or -P〇(〇h)2; or • R is a _CH2-CH2_〇r4 group, and R2 is _CH2 -CH2 〇r5 group and r3 to R are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, ethylidene, _s〇2〇h or -po(oh)2. (j Particularly preferred choline salt ions (lvw) are their choline salt ions, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, ethyl hydrazino, 5-methoxy-3-3 oxapentyl, 8-decyloxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, methoxy-3,6,9-trioxadec-alkyl, 7-methoxy|oxaheptyl, methoxy_4 ,8-dioxa-decenyl, 15-methoxy-4,8,12-trioxapentanyl, 9-methoxy-5-oxaxyl, 14-methoxy_5 , oxatetradecyl, % ethoxyoxopentyl, 8-ethoxy-3,6·dioxaoctyl, n-ethoxy-3,6,9-trioxa-10- Anthracenyl, 7·ethoxy 4 —oxalylheptyl, ethoxy 4,8 dioxadecyl, &ethoxy 3 —+ π, 9 —ethoxy 124379.doc • 34· 200826121 yl-5-oxaindole or 14-ethoxy _5,1 〇-oxatetradecyl. Very particularly preferably used scaly ions (IVx) are their scaly ions, of which • R1 To R3 are each independently a Cl-Cl8 alkyl group, especially a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a 1-hexyl group or a 1-octyl group. Among the above heterocyclic cations, pyridinium ions, pyrazolinium ions, ringing Azathioprine ion and imidazolinium ion and imidazole Ion addition are preferred, especially preferred ammonium ion is preferably 1 - Yue rust pyridine, 1 - ethyl - pyridine bin, I _ butyl). Bipyridyl, 1-(1-hexyl) oxaridinium, 1-(1-octyl)acridine rust, 1-(丨·hexyl) 17-bite, 1-(1-octyl)-吼镔, 1-(1-dodecanyl)π ratio 镔, (1-tetradecyl)pyridinium, 1-(1-hexadecyl)-pyridine rust, 1,2-dimethylpyridine镔, 1-ethyl-2-methylpyridyl rust, 1·(1-butyl)-2-mercapto-pyridine rust, 1-(1-hexyl)-2·methyl pyridine rust, 1-(1 · octyl) 2 - fluorenylpyridinium, 1-(1 • dodecyl)-2-methylpyridyl rust, 1-(1-tetradecyl)-2-fluorenyl ratio σ rust , 1-(1-hexadecyl)-2-mercaptopyrene, 1-methyl-2-ethylpyridinium, 1,2-diethylpyridinium rust, 1-(1-butyl) -2-ethyl-pyridine rust, 1-(1-hexyl)-2-ethylpyridine rust, 1-(1-octyl)-2-ethyl17-pyridinium, di(1-dodecyl) )-2-ethylpyridinium, 1-(1-tetradecyl)-2-ethylpyridine rust, 1-(1-hexadecyl)-2-ethyl-pyridine rust, 1,2-di Mercapto-5-ethyl σ-pyridinium, 1,5-diethyl-2-mercaptopyridinium, 1-(1-butyl)-2-methyl-3-ethylpyridinium, 1 -(i-hexylmethyl-3-ethyl acridine, octyl)_ 2- -3-ethylpyridine rust, helium 1-dodecyl)_2·methylethylpyridinium, 1-(1-tetradecyl)-2-mercapto-3-ethylpyridinium, 1 -(1-hexadecyl)-2-mercapto-3-ethyl ratio rust, i-mercapto quinone, phenethyl oxime 124379.doc -35- 200826121 Ο c. Record, 1-(1 -butyl)imidazolium;;[_〇_octyl)_imidazole rust. (Budecyl) oxazolidine, tetradecyl) imidazole rust, K1•hexadecyl)-Nalzoxine I'3 monomethyl hydrazine, ^ethyl-3-methyl Rust, 1-(1-butyl)-3-mercaptopurine, hexyl)_3_mercapto-salt, sputum (丨_octyl)_3-methyl-imidazole rust, 丨_(1_ Dodecyl)_3_methylimidazole rust, ΐ-(ι_tetradecyl)_3_methylimidazolium. (P-hexadecyl)_3_methylimidazolium rust, 1,2-dimethylimidazolium, l52,3_tridecyl-imidazolium, puethyl-2,3-dimethylsazone, H1- Butyl) _2,3_dimethyl miso rust, b (1 trait 2,3_dimethylimidazole rust and ... octyl)_2,3_dimethylimidazole rust, μ-dimethyl isopropyl Sitting on sputum, trimethylimidazolium, μ_dimethyl·3_ethylimidium, 3-butyl rust, "_ dimethyl_3_octyl (tetra)... trimethyl sulphonate rust, sputum, 4,5,methylimidazolium, 1,4,5-trimethyl_3_ethylimidazolium, 1,4,5-trimethylidene 1 depleted, T soil 3-butyl-imidazolium and i , 4,5_trimethyl_3_octyl imidazolium. Metal cations as described in formula (Ilia) to (IIIj) (8) [M3]+, [MY. and 5 3+_ A — 兀* The first, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth surnames of the Periodic Table of the Prime Minister, 12, Fen Yin, 8th, 9th, 1st, 11th, and 13th Metal cations. The core ion cations are, for example, Fe3+ r 2+ CS, 峋, 2+, W, Cr3+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Zn, A13+. The anion that can be used is in principle any anion. Yin of ionic liquid The ion [γ]η_ is selected from, for example, a 2-type, a _-containing compound ion, and a (tetra) ion composition 124379.doc -36- 200826121 F., Cl., Br-, Γ, BF4·, PF6_, A1C14·, Al2ci/, A13C110-, AlBrV, FeCl, BC14_, SbF6., AsF〆, znCl3·,

SnCl3· , CuCl2- , CF3S〇3· , (CF3S03)2N· , CF3c〇^ CC13C02·, CN_, SCN·, OCN-; • Groups consisting of sulfate, sulfite and sulfonate of the following general formula: S042-, HS04-, S〇32·, HS〇3, Ra0S03-, RaS03-; • Group consisting of phosphates of the following general formula: P〇43-, HP042-, H2P04-, RaP〇42-, HRaP04 -, RaRbp〇4-; • A group consisting of phosphonates and phosphinates of the following general formula:

RaHP03·, RaRbP〇2·, RaRbp〇3·; • Group consisting of phosphites of the following general formula: P〇33·, HP〇32-, H2P03-, RaP〇32·, RaHP〇3·, RaRbp 〇3-; • A group consisting of phosphinates and hydroxyphosphinates of the following formula:

RaRbP02·, RaHP02-, RaRbPCT, RaHPO·; • A group consisting of carboxylates of the following general formula:

RaCO〇-; • Group consisting of borate of the following general formula: B〇33' " HBO32' " H2BO3' - RaRbB03' - RaHB〇3- - RaB032', B(ORa)(ORb)(ORc) (ORd)·, B(HS04)., B(RaS04)·; • A group consisting of the following formula:

RaB022·, RaRbBO_ ; • Group consisting of carbonate and carbonate ions of the following formula: · HC03-, C〇32·, RaC (V ; • Group consisting of citrate and phthalate ions of the following general formula : 124379.doc -37- 200826121 si〇,,HSia u , H2Si〇RaRbSi042' > RaRbRcSi〇4' HRaRbSiO,:

H3SiO 'HRaSi〇4- . H2Rasi〇4. • County or aryl (tetra) salt ion of the following general formula

RaSi〇33' > papbQl.n 2. ^ : 2 R RbRcSiCT, J^b

RaRbRcSi02· , RaRbsi〇32- . R Sl°3

• A group consisting of carboguanamine ion, 镂r硭醢A bis(3⁄4醯) quinone imine ion, stone quinone quinone imine ion and dicyanamide ion of the following general formula:

Ra- 〇

N 〇 Ra— b : N -R 〇

Ra"p〇 :N_ Ο

NC b—/II , N 0 NC . 9 • Group consisting of methylated ions of the following general formula: S〇2-Ra Rb-〇2S S〇rRc j • Alkoxide ion and aromatic Group of oxide ions:

Rb-

Ra0'; a group consisting of halogen metal hydrides of the formula: [MqHalr]s_, where hydrazine is a metal and Hal is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, q&r is a positive integer and indicates the stoichiometry of the complex And s is a positive integer and indicates the charge of the complex; 124379.doc -38- 200826121 • From the following: a group of It-type sulfur ions, hydrogen sulfide ions, polysulfide ions, polysulfide ions, and thiols : S2-, HS·, [Sv]2., [HSv]·, [Ras]·, where v is a positive integer of 2 to 1〇; • a group consisting of mismatched metal ions such as Fe(CN)63 -, Fe(CN)64·, Mn04-, Fe(CO)4- 〇• Here, Ra, Rb, Rc&Rd, which are independent of each other, are each hydrogen, (^(^ alkyl p group, as the case may be) a plurality of non-adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups interspersed with C2_Ci8 alkyl, C6_CM aryl, C^Ci2 cycloalkyl or having oxygen, nitrogen and / or a five or six membered heterocyclic ring of a sulfur atom, either of which may form as appropriate - or multiple oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more unsubstituted or substituted Ion-based intercalation of unsaturated a saturated or aromatic ring; in each case the genes may be additionally substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, a aryl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a _ element, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring. CJ Here, The Ci_C!8 alkyl group substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a hetero ring is, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, n-Butyl, t-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2,4,4-tris-ylpentyl, fluorenyl, twelve Alkyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, i,i-monomethylpropyl, iota, dimethyl butyl, m3-tetramethylbutyl, benzyl, 1 -phenylethyl, α,α-dimethylbenzyl, benzhydryl, p-tolylmethyl, 1-(p-butylphenyl)ethyl, p-chlorobenzyl, 2,4·dichloride Benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, m-ethoxybenzyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyano 124379.doc •39- 200826121 propyl, 2-f oxycarbonylethyl, ethoxy Carbonylethyl, butoxycarbonylpropyl, 1,2-di(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl, 2-methoxy , 2-ethoxyethyl, 2·butoxyethyl, diethoxymethyl, diethoxyethyl, 1,3-dioxolan-fluorenyl, i, dioxin 2-yl, 2-methyl-13-dioxolan-2-yl, 4-methyl-i,3-dioxolan-2-yl, 2-isopropoxyethyl, 2-butyl Oxypropyl, 2-octyloxyethyl, chloromethyl, trichloromethyl, 'trifluoromethyl, hydrazine, 1 dimethyl-2-oxoethyl, 2-decyloxyisopropyl , 2-ethoxyethyl, butylthiomethyl, 2-dodecylthioethyl, 2-phenylthioethyl C: monoyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-hydroxyl Ethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 6-amine Hexyl, 2-methyl-aminoethyl, 2-methylaminopropyl, 3-methylaminopropyl, 4-methylaminobutyl, 6-methyl-aminohexyl, 2 - dimethylaminoethyl, 2-dimethylaminopropyl, 3-didecylaminopropyl, 4-dimethylaminobutyl, 6-dimethylaminohexyl, 2-hydroxyl -2,2-dimethylethyl, 2-phenoxy-ethyl, 2-phenoxypropyl, 3-phenoxyphene , 4-phenoxybutyl, 6-phenoxyhexyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 4-decyloxybutyl, 6_ Alkoxyhexyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, ethoxypropyl, 4-ethoxybutyl or 6-ethoxyhexyl. 'C2_Ci8 alkyl as interspersed with one or more non-adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups, eg 5 hydroxy-3-oxapentane ,8-hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, n-hydroxy-3,6,9·trioxadecyl, 7-hydroxy-4-oxaheptyl, η-hydroxy_4 ,8-dioxadecyl, 15-hydroxy-4,8,12-trioxa-pentadecyl, 9-hydroxy-5_ 124379.doc -40- 200826121 oxazepine, 14_jing ··5,1()•oxycarbonyl, “oxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, diyl, ...yl-oxa+ _^. f fluorenyl, 11-methoxy _3, 6,9-trioxa

Decenyl, 7-decyloxyoxalate A + ”, lactoheptyl, Imethoxy-4,8·dioxa

Ο Ten:: base, 15·methoxy-4,8,12_trioxahodecyl, 9·methoxy-4-pyridinyl, (tetra)oxy_5 oxaxo(tetra)yl, % Ethoxy ethoxylate, 8-ethoxy-3-3,6-dioxaoctyl, u-ethoxy-3-3,6,9•trisuccinyl, 7-ethoxy _4_oxaheptyl, U-ethoxydi-milk-alkyl, 15-ethoxylatyl, 4,8,12-trioxapentanyl, 9-ethyl-5.oxa Mercapto or 丨4_ethoxy_5 is an oxatetradecyl group. ★ If two groups form a ring, such groups as, for example, a fused basic component may be 1,3-propenyl, fluorene, τ, 2, oxy, propyl, 1-oxy Hetero-1,3-propanyl, 2-oxo-propenyl, aza----propenyl, lq-C4 alkyl-hydrazine-aza q,%-extended propylene, hydrazine-extension Dienyl, 1-aza-1,4-exetylene-1,3-dienyl or 2-aza-indole, 4-indene 1,3-dienyl. The number of non-adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or imine groups is in principle not limited or automatically limited by the size of the radical or ring basic component. Usually, no more than 5, preferably no more than 4 or very particularly preferably no more than 3 in the respective groups. Furthermore, usually at least one, preferably at least two, carbon atoms are present between the two heteroatoms. The substituted and unsubstituted imido group may, for example, be an imido group, a methylimino group, an isopropylimino group, a n-butylimino group or a tert-butylimine group. The term "functional group" is understood to mean, for example, the following groups: thiol, m amide, thio, bis(C1-C4 leu) amine, CrC4 alkoxy, cyano 124379.doc -41 - 200826121 or C1-C4 alkoxy. Ci to C4 alkyl is decyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl or tert-butyl. The aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, halogen, hetero atom and/or heterocyclic substituted c6-c14 aryl group is, for example, phenyl, indolyl, xylyl, a-naphthyl, β -naphthyl, 4-biphenylyl, chlorophenyl, dichlorophenyl, trichlorophenyl, difluorophenyl, nonylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, tridecylphenyl, ethyl-benzene , diethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, 1,3-butylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, hexyloxy Phenyl, methylnaphthyl, isopropylnaphthyl, chloronaphthyl, ethoxynaphthyl, 2,6-didecylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,6 Dioxyloxy-phenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2- or 4-oxacholine-based, 2,4- or 2,6· Pentylphenyl, 4-didecylaminophenyl, 4-ethenylphenyl, nonyloxyethylphenyl or ethoxymethylphenyl. Optionally, functional group, aryl group, alkyl group, The aryloxy, _, hetero, and/or heterocyclic substituted cycloalkyl group is, for example, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclodecyloctyl group, a cyclododecyl group, a nonylcyclopentyl group, a diindenylcyclopentyl group. Base, mercaptocyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl, nonyloxycyclohexyl, dimethoxycyclohexyl, diethoxycyclohexyl, butylthiocyclohexyl, Cyclohexyl, dichlorocyclohexyl, dicyclopentyl pentyl and saturated or unsaturated and bicyclic systems such as norborne or norbornyl. Five or six members with oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur atoms The heterocyclic ring is, for example, a furyl group, a thiophenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a pyridyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an dioxopentenyl group, a dioxy group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzothiazole group. Base, dimercaptopurinyl, methyl quinolyl, diindenyl, pyrrolyl, methoxyfuranyl, 124379.doc -42- 200826121 dimethoxy acridinyl, difluoropyridyl, methyl Thiophenyl, isopropylthiophenyl or tert-butylthiophenyl. The anion of the car is selected from the group consisting of a tooth ion, a functional element ion and an i-like ion, selected from the group consisting of dicyandiamide ions. The group selected from the group consisting of carboxy roots is selected from the group consisting of sulfate, sulfite and acid phosphate and the group consisting of phosphate. The anion of ruthenium is gas ion, bromide ion, iodide ion. , SCN-, f) 〇CN, CN, N(CN)2·, acetate, cvc4 alkyl sulfate, 11, COO, RS〇3, RaRbp〇4•, methanesulfonate, tosylate, c” C4 dialkyl phosphate, hydrogen sulfate or tetrachloroaluminate. Particularly preferred anions are SCN-, CH3CH2S04-, N(CN)/ or ch3so3, cations and anions which are open to y at least one salt are present in the ionic liquid. Very particularly preferably, the anion and cation of the ionic liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation of the invention form at least one salt selected from the group consisting of: 1-butyl_3_methylimidazolium _Methyl sulfate, 丨_ethyl_3·Methyl misoethyl sulfate, 丨_ethyl_3• Mercaptoimidazole-dicyanamide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium n-Butyl sulphate, 丨_ethyl-Hongmethylimidazolium hexyl hexyl sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imipenem n-octyl sulphate, ethyl benzyl 3-hydrazinium sulphide Cyanate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium rust thiocyanate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraaluminate, μ butyl-3-3-mercapto oxazolidine Aeroaluminate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate, 丨·butyl-3_methylimidazolium acetate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-pyridinium ethyl sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium nonafluorobutanesulfonate, 丨_ethyl_3·methyl-isoxazole 124379.doc 43- 200826121 镔tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methyl Imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, hexyl _3_methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, methyl _3_octyl imidazole rust tetrafluoro side Acid salt, 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate, ethylmethylimidazolium hexa-fluoro-acid salt, 1 ·hexyl_3_methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, A Di-octyl-ammonium double (dimorphic methyl sulphate) quinone imine, ethyl _3_methylimidazolium 2_(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl sulfate, ethyl ethyl

Mercaptoimidazolium diethylphosphate, ginseng (2-hydroxyethyl)-methylammonium methylsulfate and 1-ethyl-3-methyl misoprostium hydrogensulfate. Magnetizable particles are present in the magnetorheological formulations of the present invention. These magnetizable particles can be any desired magnetizable particles known in the prior art. The magnetizable particles present in the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention have a mean diameter of from 1 to 5 Å μΠ1, preferably from 0.1 to 100 μm, particularly preferably from 丨 to (9) μηη. The shape of the magnetizable particles may be uniform or irregular. For example, it may be a spherical, rod-shaped or acicular particle. It is preferred to use substantially spherical magnetizable particles. Approximate spherical particles can be obtained, for example, by atomizing molten metal (atomized powder. For the purposes of the invention it is also possible to use magnetizable particles, in particular mixtures of magnetizable particles having different particle size distributions and/or comprising different materials. The magnetorheological formulation of the invention preferably comprises magnetizable particles selected from the group consisting of iron-containing particles and : St particles. Such particles are, for example, iron, iron alloys, iron oxides, iron sulphate, iron carbide, Recording, Ming, stainless steel, Shishi steel, alloy or a mixture thereof may also be present (for example, the oxidized magnetizable particles may be ancient, ; g, "I have a layer, for example, may be insulated or corrosion-resistant without 124379 .doc -44 - 200826121 Mechanical substances (such as phthalates, phosphates, oxides, carbides or nitrides), other metals or at least one polymer coated iron. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention The carbonyl iron powder (CIP) particles are present as magnetizable particles in the magnetorheological formulation. The carbonyl iron powder is preferably prepared by decomposing iron pentacarbonyl. Various types of CIP are known to those skilled in the art. In addition to the hard CIP type obtained by the deposition method, the ruthenium-based ruthenium-based iron powder can also be used. The powders are less abrasive and mechanically softer. The surface treatment type is self-hardening and reducing in the form of eve. The CIP type is obtained. Although the most common treated carbonyl iron powder is coated with bismuth citrate or phosphate, other modifications can be obtained. Differentiating (4) The other standard of iron powder is the particle size of the knife 4 ' It can have a considerable influence on the performance characteristics. The dispersed carbonyl iron powder particles preferably have an average diameter of 1 to 30 Å. In principle, all types of bristles are suitable for the present invention. The rheological formulation is determined by the conditions of use of the rheological formulation. In the magnetic flux of the present invention, the magnetizable particles are preferably used to total the weight of the magnetorheological formulation | sheet 50 Wt/Q to 9〇wt%, particularly preferably 7〇~1% to 88 wt%, is present. According to the invention, the magnetic rheology formulation comprises at least one additive, in addition to the ionic liquid. , Tianjin 丨a, ... 5 hai additives are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following: Thixotropic agents, dots _ ^ shellfish, thickeners, dispersants, surface active gargles, antioxidants, lubricants / lubricants and corrosion inhibitors. Viscosity-modified swords can i, A, 蜊 or polymerization Additives, which are soluble in ionic liquids and are modified: spots of the formulation - and, for example, polar solvents (such as water, acetone, acetonitrile, low molecular weight 1 sulphur alcohols, amines, guanamines, DMF or DMSO) 124379.doc -45· 200826121 or an additive such as unmodified or modified polysaccharides, polyacrylates and polyureas. The magnetic rheology formulation of the present invention is right. Including an additive serving as a viscosity modifier, such additives are preferably from 0. 01 to 49 wt%, based on the total weight of the ionic liquid and the additive in each case, particularly preferably (^丨至川wt%, especially 〇· 〇 5 to 10 wt% of concentration is present. The thixotropic agent is an additive that establishes a flow limit and thus counteracts the settling of magnetizable particles in the liquid in the magnetorheological formulation. The magnetorheological formulation of the present invention may comprise, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of: a mixture of natural and synthetic smectite-type layered bismuth salts (if appropriate, hydrophobically modified a layered agglomerate such as a microcrystalline kaolinite type, as disclosed in W〇01/03150 A1, tannin or (amorphous) dispersed cerium oxide (as disclosed in us 5,667,715), fibrous bismuth citrate For example, micronized sepiolite and attapulgite), carbon particles (as disclosed in US 5,354,488) and polyureas (as disclosed in DE 196 54 461 A1). It is also possible to use a thixotropic agent based on a polymeric carbohydrate compound, such as a xanthan gum-galactomannan derivative, a guar derivative, and an anionic or nonionic cellulose ether or starch ether. Examples of layered phthalates which may be used are bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite or synthetic layered silicates such as Laponite 8 from Rockwood Additives Ltd and its hydrophobically modified variants. Because the polarity of the liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation is very high (due to the characteristics of the ionic liquid), it is possible to use, for example, a simple layered sulphate thickener that results in reduced sedimentation of the magnetizable particles. Therefore, it is possible, but not absolutely necessary, to use a layered alumite which is hydrophobically modified and thus suitable for hydrophobic base oil. 124379.doc •46· 200826121 The magnetorheological formulation of the present invention comprises an additive serving as a thixotropic agent, and this special addition is preferably used to calculate the magnetorheological formulation in each case 〇·〇1 to 1 〇wt %, especially preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight, in particular by weight, is present. _ Dispersant is an additive that improves the redispersibility of the magnetizable particles in the liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation after sedimentation and prevents coagulation. Due to the polar character of the liquid, the magnetizable particles (e.g., iron particles) having a hydrophilic surface in the liquid of the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention can be dispersed without a dispersing agent. Under such conditions, chemical or physical changes in the magnetorheological formulation resulting from, for example, long-term or continuous stress and due to the dispersant will not occur. However, the following dispersants can also be used in the magnetorheological formulations of the present invention: for example polymeric dispersants such as polysaccharides, polyacrylates, polyesters, especially polyhydroxystearic acid, acid alcohol resins, long chain alkoxylates a complex and further a polyoxyalkylene such as Pluroni from BASF AG, which is a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block copolymer and a polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene/germanium polyoxypropylene block copolymer ). Furthermore, it is possible that the dispersing agents are anionic, %ionic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants, which are known to those skilled in the art and need not be explicitly mentioned. Sugar surfactants and alcohol alkoxylates can be used as examples of nonionic surfactants, carboxylates (such as oleate and stearate), alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates An anion of an alkyl ether phosphate and an alkanesulfonate can be exemplified as an anionic surfactant, and an alkylamine oxide can be exemplified as an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant. If the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention comprises an additive which acts as a dispersing agent, the preferred content of such additives is preferably from 1 to 5 wt% of the magnetorheological formulation, respectively. It is 0.05 to 1 wt%. The magnetorheological formulations of the present invention may optionally contain other additives such as anti-slip agents (such as Teflon powder, molybdenum sulfite or graphite powder), antiseptic inhibitors, antiwear additives and antioxidants. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ionic liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation has <5〇〇〇 mPa.s, preferably <1〇(9)

p mPa.S, especially preferably <200 kinematic viscosity (preferably measured according to mN 5 1562 or ISO 3105 using a 5〇1 Ubbelohde viscometer). Also, at _3〇. The ionic liquid of the magnetorheological formulation preferably has a <20000 mPa.s, particularly preferably < 10000 mPa.s, and particularly preferably a viscosity of <20 〇〇 mPa.s. Further, the present invention relates to a method for producing a magnetic rheology formulation of Yang Ming by dispersing magnetizable particles in a liquid containing an ionic liquid including an anion and a cation. In other words, the preparation system is initially obtained by obtaining a (iv) sub-liquid and providing an additive as appropriate. The ionic liquid can be heated to reduce its viscosity before it is mixed with the magnetorheological formulation: other μ parts. To prepare a magnetorheological formulation, the magnetizable particles are dispersed in a liquid containing an ionic liquid. Narrowly @' or it may be possible to stir the magnetizable particles into the ionic liquid and preferably add: an additive. Homogenization of the magnetorheological formulation is achieved, for example, by means of a suitable semi-single 70. According to the situation, the obtained magnetic η 〜 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外-48- 200826121 For use, such as shock absorbers, clutches, brakes or other devices, such as in particular haptic devices, crash dampers, steer-by-wire systems, wire-controlled gear systems or line control System, sealing device, holding system, prosthesis, fitting device or bearing. [Embodiment] The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. A) Three examples of a magnetorheological formulation of the invention and a comparative example Example 1: (1 Magnetorheological formulation consisting of 19.5 wt% of EMIT EtS04 (l-ethyl-3_methylimidazolium rust ethyl sulfate), 0.5 wt% layered niobate (from Rockwood Additives Ltd) Laponit® RDS) as a thixotropic agent and 80 wt% of carbonyl iron powder SQ from BASF AG as magnetizable particles. Example 2: Magnetorheological formulation from 22.34 wt ° / 1 1 · ethyl-3- Methylimidazolium thiocyanate, 0_66 wt% from Rockwood Additives Lt The layered Lithium® RDS of d is used as a thixotropic agent and 77 wt% of carbonyl iron powder having an average particle diameter of 4 μη as a magnetizable particle. Example 3: 23 wt% of 1-ethyl-3- Mercaptoimidazolium thiocyanate and 77 wt% of ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG as magnetizable particles. Comparative Example·· 23 wt% of poly-α-olefins from BASF AG Durasyn® DS 192 and 77 Wt% of ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG. The properties of magnetorheological formulations are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 contains different temperatures (-3 0 °C and 25 °C) in the absence of magnetic field. And shear rate (10 s·1 and 100 s-1) and under magnetic field (magnetic flux density 〇.7 T) 124379.doc -49- 200826121 at 25 ° C and 1 s·1 magnetorheological distribution The shear stress of the object τ. The rheological properties of the formulation under magnetic field were achieved in a commercial rheometer Physica MCR501 from Anton Paar GmbH equipped with a magnetic measuring unit MRD 180/ also from Anton Paar GmbH. 1 T. The measurement system was realized in a plate-to-plate arrangement with a 20 mm diameter rotor supplied as standard, with a plate spacing of 0.3 mm. Using a Gauss meter from FW· Bell ( Gauss rneter) (Model 9500, probe RW·BeU 1χ) to achieve calibration of the magnetic measurement unit with sample for measuring magnetic flux 在). After the sample is installed, only the complete demagnetization of the unit is detected. In order to establish reproducible measurement conditions, the sample was pre-sheared for 2 〇 s at a shear rate of 10 s·1 in each measurement, followed by a stop phase of l 〇 S. Various shear rates (e.g., 0.1, 1, 10, 100 s 1) are given at a given solenoid current level. After 10 s duration, the measured value is obtained. The Newtonian liquid is assumed to calculate the shear stress. The rheological properties of the formulation in the absence of a magnetic field are 40 mm in diameter and 2 taper angles. The cone and plate geometry (from Th_〇 Haake's ϋ Rheostress 150 rheometer) is implemented. The measurement mode is controlled by shear stress, and the step of shear stress is performed for the retention time of the τ 1 s (typical shear stress range is 0·〇5 to 25〇〇Pa) and plotted, ☆ door 3^丨I·moving graph. Read from this curve is the shear rate 10S_i and the shear stress. 124379.doc -50. 200826121 Table 1

EXAMPLES Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example η · d · = Since the immediate separation occurred and could not be determined after 28 days Table 2 contains information on flow behavior, redispersibility, redispersibility and oil separation at -40 °C.

Description of test methods: Ο Table 2: Flow behavior redispersibility at -40 ° C 2000 g; 15 min 28 days after redispersibility 28 days after oil separation [%] Example 1 0 + 11 Example 2 ++ ++ 15 Example 3 + 0 + 35 Comparative Example nd - 50 nd = failure to be determined due to immediate separation a) Flow behavior at -40 ° C The formulation was cooled to -40 ° C in a glass bottle with a nut. In addition, the glass bottle was tilted about 130. Then assess the flow behavior. Determine the rate at which the horizontal liquid level is again formed in the glass bottle. ++ : fast flow (low viscosity) + : slow flow (viscosity) 0 : very slow flow (viscous) -: solid b) redispersibility (2000 g ; 15 min) 124379.doc -51- 200826121 in the centrifuge Centrifugal magnetorheological formulation with 4000 ingots. Here the centrifugal force is 2 times the acceleration of gravity. After centrifugation, the redispersibility of the sediment was tested. To achieve this, the laboratory spatula was inserted into the sediment (3 mm above the bottom of the vessel) and rotated 180. . Qualitative assessment of the resistance against the movement of the spatula: ++··very low resistance (very easy to redisperse) + ·low resistance (easy to redisperse) (' 〇: high resistance (redistributable) -: very high resistance (difficult to redisperse) —: the spatula is almost non-rotating (not redispersible) c) Re-dispersibility after 28 days: The magnetorheological formulation is filled into a glass bottle with a nut to a height of 5 cm. After 28 days, the laboratory spatula was inserted into the formulation to 3 mm above the bottom of the container and rotated 180. . Qualitative assessment of the resistance against the movement of the spatula: (J ++: very low resistance (very easy to redisperse) + ·· low resistance (easy to redisperse) 〇: high resistance (redistributable) -··very resistant High (difficult to redisperse) —: the spatula is almost non-rotating (not redispersible) d) Oil separation: Fill the magnetorheological formulation into a graduated test tube with a nut and read the oil at a percentage of 20 ° C Separation. B) Experimental and comparative experiments on mass loss due to heating 124379.doc -52- 200826121 Three magnetorheological formulations which are flowable at -40 ° C and have different liquid components (one of which is the magnetic body of the present invention) The rheological formulation) was subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and heated to 250 ° C in air at a rate of 5 ° C / min (device is Netzsch STA 449C). The following mass loss of the three formulations was obtained: Matrix liquid weight loss Δm Evaluation at high temperature use i) Poly-α-olefin (Durasyn 162) -5.3% (30 〇C to 250. 〇 inappropriate ii) eucalyptus oil ( WackerDM5) _2.0% (30 ° C to 250 ° C) Not suitable iii) Ionic liquid: 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust methyl sulfate -0.9% (30 ° C to 250 ° C) The three magnetorheological formulations studied have the following composition: i) 9.38 wt% poly-α-olefin (Durasyn® DS192 from BASF AG) and 90 wt% ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG and 0.40 wt % Disperse Disperbyk DB 108 (Byk-Chemie) + 0.24 wt% of Bentone SD 3 (Elementis Specialties); ii) 16.65 wt% of polydimethyloxane Wacker DM5 + 83 wt% of SQ from BASF AG Type carbonyl iron powder + 0.35 wt% of Bentone i) SD3; iii) 19·5 wt% of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust ethyl sulfate and 80 wt% of SQ type carbonyl iron from BASF AG The powder was used as a magnetizable particle and 0.5 wt% of Laponite® SD3 from Rockwood Additives Ltd as a thixotropic agent. C) Experimental and comparative experiments on shear stress under low cerium-containing iron-based iron powder (CIP) (about 80 wt%) The experimental system was carried out at a shear stress of 10 s·1 at 25 °C. 124379.doc -53- 200826121 a) Experiment of the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention: 22.34 wt% of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate and 77 wt% of hydroxy iron powder as magnetizable The particles and 0.66 wt% of Laponite® RDS from Rockwood Additives Ltd act as a thixotropic agent. b) First comparative experiment: 17.75 wt% of polydimethyloxane Wacker DM5 and 82 wt% of ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG and 0.25 wt% of Bentone SD3 〇c) Second comparative experiment : 18.67 wt% poly-α-olefin (diene of dodecane) and 80 wt% of ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG and 0.66 wt% of dispersant Borchi Gen BG 911 (Borchers GmbH) and 0.67 Bt% layered bismuth salt Bentone SD3. Magnetic induction / T a) Shear stress / kPa b) Shear stress / kPa c) Shear stress / kPa 0.00 0.0122 0.0511 0.00320 0.05 1 0.762 0.469 0.10 3.16 2.61 1.35 0.20 10.6 8.85 4.23 0.30 20.7 18 8.5 0.40 33.0 26 13.4 0.50 45.7 35.3 18.1 0.60 59 43.5 22.4 0.70 70 50.4 26.1 0.80 75.9 54.8 29.5 0.90 80.1 56.5 31.6 1.00 82.6 58.1 33.1 D) Viscosity of various ionic liquid honey 1 suitable for the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention Ionic liquid above liquid [°C ] Viscosity, 20 °c [mPa.s] 1-butyl-3-mercaptoimidazole rust methyl sulfate <-20 214 1 ·ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazole rust ethyl sulfate <-20 122 1-ethyl-3-methyl styrene dicyanamide <-20 22 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust n-butyl sulfate 24 173 1 -ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazole radium N-hexyl sulfate 7 371 1 -ethylmethylimidazolium n-octyl sulfate-9 471 1 -ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium thiocyanate <-20 22 1-butyl-3-methyl Imidazolium thiocyanate <20 54 124379.doc -54- 200826121 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust tetrachloroaluminate 9 26 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazole rust tetrachloroaluminum Acid salt-10 32 1-B Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium rust acetate<20 93 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium rust acetate<20 554 1 -ethyl-3-methylpyridine rust ethyl sulfate<-65 152 1-Ethyl-3-methylacridinium nonafluorobutanesulfonate-6 225 1-ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazole rust tetrafluoroborate 15 1-butylimidazolium rust tetrafluoroborate <-65 104 1-hexyldecyl imidazole rust tetrafluoroborate <-65 250 1 -mercapto-3-octyl imidazole rust tetrafluoroborate <-65 400 1-mercapto-3-octyl Imidazole rust hexafluorophosphate <-65 900 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate<-65 560 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole rust hexafluorophosphate<-65 900 Methyl trioctyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) quinone imine<-65 630 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethylsulfate Salt <-65 205 1-ethyl-3-methyl taste. Sitting money diethyl sulphate 20 554 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust hydrogen sulphate 28 4320 has a viscosity of <1000 mPa_s at 20 ° C and is still below 20 ° C Liquid ionic liquids are especially preferred for use in the magnetorheological formulations of the present invention. In detail, 'this special ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methyl-17 m σ 曱 曱 硫酸 硫酸, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium ethyl sulphate, 1-ethyl -3-methyl-imidazolium thiocyanate, 1-butyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium thiocyanate, 1-ethyl-3-indolyl-imidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3 - mercapto imidazole rust-acetate, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium ethyl sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-butyl-3-mercaptoimidazole Rust tetrafluoroborate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazole rust tetrafluoroborate, 1-mercapto-3-octyl imidazolium Fluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate, methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonate Mercapto) quinone imine and 1-ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl sulfate. 124379.doc -55-

Claims (1)

200826121 X. Patent application scope: 1 · A magnetorheological formulation, wherein the magnetorheological formulation comprises an ionic liquid comprising an anion and a cation, and a dispersed magnetizable particle having an average diameter of 0.1 to 500 μηι , and • if appropriate additives. 2. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1, wherein the magnetorheological formulation comprises ρ at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: a thixotropic agent, a viscosity modifier, a thickener, and a dispersion. Agents, surface active additives, antioxidants, anti-slip agents/lubricants and corrosion inhibitors. 3. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the weight ratio of the ionic liquid to the weight ratio of the additives is greater than i, based on the total weight of the magnetorheological formulation. 4. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1 or 2, comprising magnetizable particles selected from the group consisting of iron-containing particles, nickel-containing particles, and cobalt-containing particles. 5. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 4, which comprises carbonyl iron particles having an average diameter of 1 to 3 Å μη as magnetizable particles. 6. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the anions and cations present in the ionic liquid form form at least one salt of the formula (1): [ΥΓ (I) wherein η Is 1, 2, 3 or 4, [Α]+ is a quaternary ammonium cation, an oxy rust cation, a phosphonium cation or a scaly cation and [Υ]η- is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent anion; II) Mixed salt 124379.doc 200826121 [A!] + [A2]+ [Y]n* (Ila), where η = 2 ; [Α1] + [Α2] + [Α3]+ [Υ]η- ( Lib), where n [=3 ; or [Α1] + [Α2] + [Α3] + [Α4]+ [Υ]η- (lie), where n = 4 and where [A1]4", [A2] +, [A3] + and [A4] + are independently selected from each other for the group mentioned for [a] + , and [Y broad has the meaning mentioned under (A); or a mixture of the general formula (III) Salt [AYtAYCAYtMY [Y]n- (Ilia), where η=4 ; [Υ]η· (Illb), where η=4 ; [Α1] + [Μ1] + [Μ2] + [Μ3]+ [Υ] η· (IIIc), where η=4 ; [Α1] + [Α2] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· (Illd), where η=3 ; [Α^^Μ^^Μ2]4* [Υ ]11' (Ille), where η=3 ; [Α1] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· (Illf), η=2 ; [Υ]η· (Illg), where η=4 ; [Α^^Μ'Ι^Μ4]^ [Υ]11' (Illh), where η=4 ; [Α^^Μ5]^ [Υ]11' (Illi), where η=4; or [α^Ιμ4]2·^ [Υ]η_ (Illj), where η=3 and Ο 〇 where [A1]*, [A2] + and [ A3] - independently selected from the group mentioned for [A] +, [Υ] η · has the meaning mentioned under (A); and [m1] -, [M2] +, • [M3] + is a monovalent metal cation, [M4] 2+ is a divalent metal cation and '[M5] 3 + is a trivalent metal cation. 7. A magnetorheological formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ionic liquid comprises at least one cation selected from the group consisting of cations of formula (IVa) to (IVy) 124379.doc 200826121 (IVk) (IVk,) R\ Ff R\ R" R' R 6 -R° R5- R 1/ .NRN, (IV1) R4 ( R R" R 3 (IVm) (IVm,) (IVn) 124379 .doc 200826121 (IVr,) R I + ! N—R1 I R (IVr) F R° ij (IVs) R (IVw) (IVu) R2 1 | R2 | . —P-R1 I S-R1 IIRIR (IVx) (IVy) and an oligomer comprising the same, wherein: the group R is hydrogen; saturated or unsaturated , acyclic or cyclic, syllabus 124379.doc 200826121 Group, aromatic or aryl aliphatic carbon-containing organic groups with 1 to 5 heteroatoms or official /, not! Substituting or butyl AS this group is substituted or interspersed with 20 carbon atoms; and octa has 1 to•= groups, this is independently hydrogen; a contig; or a saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic (tetra) carbon organic group' It is unsubstituted or (iv) substituted or interspersed with genomic groups and has a right ^ B and has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and is bonded to a carbon atom (not a hetero atom) in the above formula (IV). The specific groups R1 to R9 may additionally be halogen or functional groups; or the two adjacent groups from the series R^R9 may also be saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or Aryl aliphatic divalent carbon-containing organic group, its unsubstituted or by! Up to 5 heteroatoms or functional groups are substituted or interspersed and have from 1 to 30 carbon atoms. 8. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 7, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an imidazolium ion of the formula Ο (IVe) • wherein the group R is hydrazine; a saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, waxy, aromatic or araliphatic carbon-containing organic group which is unsubstituted or has 1 to 5 a hetero atom or a functional group substituted or interspersed and having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and wherein R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, 1-pentane 124379.doc 200826121 base 4 soil _ octyl, 2 —transethyl or 2·cyanoethyl and to R are each independently hydrogen, decyl or ethyl. 9. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 7 or 8 i claw-deficient ligand, wherein the ionic liquid is encapsulated with a pyridinium ion C /, a fluorene group R is hydrogen; a saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, sulphur, aromatic or aryl aliphatic carbon-containing organic group, which is unsubstituted or 1 to 5 hetero An atom or a functional group is substituted or cross-linked and has (four) carbon atoms; and wherein Ο to 4 such as HR to 115 are methyl, ethyl or chloro, and the remaining groups of ^ to ^ are hydrogen; • R3 is a dimethylamino group and the remaining groups...,...,Μ and V are hydrogen; ', • all groups R1 to R5 are hydrogen; • R2 is a carboxyl group or a carboxamide group and the rest The group ruler 1, 玟2, ^4 and ]^5 are hydrogen; or • R1 and R2 or R2 and ... are 丨, the core is butyl, the dienyl group and the remaining groups Ri, R2, R4 and R5 is hydrogen. 10. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an anion of 124379.doc 200826121, k free of the following groups of ions: · an ion of the formula: a halogen ion, and a class Group of halide ions: jp » Cl, Br, Γ, BF4·, PF6-, A1CV, A12C17·, , Αΐ3Πΐ (Γ, A1Br4_, FeCV, BC14·, SbIV, AsF6-, ZnC13, SnCl3, CuCl2-, CF3S03 -, (CF3S03)2N-, CF3CCV, CC13C02_, CN_, SCN·, OCN'· 0 Group consisting of sulfate, sulfite and sulfonate of the following general formula: S〇42, HS04·, S032-, HSCV , Ra〇S03-, RaS03-; • Group consisting of the following formula: p〇43-, hpo42·, h2pcv, Rap〇42·, HRap〇4·, RaRbp〇4·; Group of phosphonate and phosphinate groups: RaHP〇3* > RaRbP〇2· . RaRbp〇3-; • Group consisting of phosphites of the following formula ··〇P〇33-, HP〇 32·, H2P03-, RaP〇32·, RaHP03-, RaRbP03-; • Group consisting of phosphinates and hydroxyphosphinates of the following formula: RaRbP02·, RaHP02 , RaRbP〇-, RaHPCT; , • Group consisting of carboxylates of the following general formula: RaCO〇-; • Group consisting of borate of the following general formula: B〇33-, HB〇32·, H2B03-, RaRbB03 -, RaHB03·, RaB〇32', B(0Ra)(0Rb)(0Rc)(0Rd)·, B(HS04)_, 124379.doc 200826121 Ο B(RaS04)·; •g by the following formula Group of acid groups: RaB〇22·, RaRbB〇-; • Group consisting of carbonates and carbonate ions of the following formula: HC〇3· - CO32' >RaC03·; • Citrate from the following formula And a group of phthalate ion groups: Si〇44- > HSi〇43- . H2Si042· > H3Si04- . RaSi〇43- RaRbSi042· ^ RaRbRcSi04' > HRaSi042· >H2RaSi〇-HRaRbSi〇4·; 4 • A group consisting of an alkyl group or an aryl decane salt of the following formula: Curry 33·, RaRbResi〇., η» RaRbRCSi (V, RaRbSi〇32_ ; 3 Amidoxime ion of the following formula , bis(sulfonyl) quinone imine ion continued brewing quinone imine ion and dicyanamide from RaJ ( 9 - Lj Rb-Y 〇〇Ra-S-° V 〇Ra_^°Rb~(N NC NC Composed of: two... Group Rb-0, C, s〇rRc The composition of the oxides and aryl oxide ions of the general formula Ra〇124379.doc 200826121 • Group consisting of dentate metallates of the following general formula: [MqHalr]s· Wherein Μ is a metal and Hal is fluorine and indicates the charge of the stoichiometry of the complex; chlorine, bromine or iodine, 9 and 1• are positive integers and s is a positive integer and indicates the mismatch • by a group consisting of sulfur ions, hydrogen sulfide ions, polysulfide ions, polysulfide ions, and thiol ions of the formula: Ο S2·, HS·, [Sv] 2_, [HSV]-, [RaS]-, where v a positive integer of 2 to 10; and • a group consisting of mismatched metal ions, such as Fe(CN)03·, Fe(cN), Μη04·, Fe(CO)4_, where 彼此, Rb, Each of y and Rd is hydrogen, a Ci_Ci8 alkyl group, optionally a C2_Ci8 alkyl group interspersed with one or more non-adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups, An aryl group, a C^C!2 cycloalkyl group or a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring having an oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur atom, the two of which may together form two or more An unsaturated, saturated or aromatic ring interposed between oxygen and/or a sulfur atom and/or one or more unsubstituted or substituted imine groups; each of which may additionally have a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryl group Substituted by alkoxy, alkoxy, hetero, and/or heterocyclic. 11. A magnetorheological formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anions and cations form at least one salt selected from the group consisting of: 丨-butyl·3-methyl misomethyl Sulfate, 1 _ethyl _3 曱 味 味 镔 镔 镔 ethyl-sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, ι_ethyl_3_methyl-mouth meter 124379 .doc -9- 200826121 铁 sitting iron n-butyl sulphate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-sauryl-hexyl-sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-indolyl-imidazolium n-octyl sulfate , 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium rust-thiocyanate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium thiocyanate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust tetra-aluminum-aluminum Acid salt, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraaluminate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazole rust acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1 -ethyl-3-methyl-pyridine rust ethylsulfate' salt, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium nonafluorobutanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-indolyl--imidazole rust tetrafluoro Borate, 1-butyl-3_methylimidazole rust tetrafluoroboric acid CI salt, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium rust tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazole rust tetra-fluoro boron Salt, 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide, 1-ethyl-3-methylisoxazole hexafluorophosphate Salt, 1-hexyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, decyldioctylammonium bis(tris-decyl) quinone imine, 1-ethylmethyl _ 镔 镔 镔 2-( 2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethyl sulfate, ι-ethylmethylimidazolium diethyl-phosphate, ginseng (2-hydroxy-ethyl)-methylammonium methylsulfide i) acid Salt and ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogensulfate. 12. A magnetorheological formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ionic liquid has a kinematic viscosity of <5000 mPa.s at 25. 13. A method for preparing a magnetorheological formulation as claimed in claim 2 or 2, comprising - dispersing the magnetizable particles in a liquid comprising an ionic liquid comprising an anion and a cation. 14. A method of applying a magnetorheological formulation as claimed in claim 2 or 2 to a controllable device selected from the group consisting of: a salty state, a clutch, a brake, and other devices Such as mating devices, touch 124379.doc 200826121 sensor device, retention system, collision damper, wire steering system, wire control gear system and line control system, seals, prostheses and bearings. 124379.doc 11 200826121 VII. Designated representative map: (1) The representative representative of the case is: (none) (2) The symbol of the symbol of the representative figure is simple: f) 8. If there is a chemical formula in this case, please reveal the best display. Chemical formula of the invention: (none) ϋ 124379.doc