TW200826121A - Magnetorheological formulation - Google Patents

Magnetorheological formulation Download PDF

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TW200826121A
TW200826121A TW96134609A TW96134609A TW200826121A TW 200826121 A TW200826121 A TW 200826121A TW 96134609 A TW96134609 A TW 96134609A TW 96134609 A TW96134609 A TW 96134609A TW 200826121 A TW200826121 A TW 200826121A
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ethyl
methyl
butyl
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TW96134609A
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Christoffer Kieburg
Juergen Pfister
Claus Gabriel
Guenter Oetter
Martin Laun
Rene Lochtman
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Basf Ag
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Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetorheological formulation which comprises an ionic liquid comprising anions and cations, dispersed magnetizable particles having a mean diameter of from 0.1 to 500 μm and, if appropriate, additives.

Description

200826121 九、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於一種包含可磁化粒子分散於液體中之磁流 麦调配物、用於製備該磁流變調配物之方法及其用途。 【先前技術】 磁流變調配物(縮寫:MRF) —般表示在磁場作用下改變 其流變性質之調配物。其一般為鐵磁性、超順磁性或順磁 性粒子於液體中之懸浮液。 若該懸浮液曝露於磁場,則其流阻增加。此由以下事實 引起·由於其磁相互作用,分散之可磁化粒子(例如鐵粒 子)沿磁場線形成鏈狀結構。在剪切MRF期間,此等結構 被部分破壞但再次形成。磁場中磁流變調配物之流變性質 類似於具有流動極限之塑性體之性質,亦即需要施加最小 剪切應力以引起磁流變調配物流動。 需要高的可傳播剪切應力以在諸如以下裝置之可控設備 中使用磁流變調配物:減震器、離合器、制動器及其他裝 置(例如觸覺裝置、碰撞減震器、線控轉向系統、線控齒 輪系統及線控制動系統、密封裝置、保持系統、修補物、 配合裝置及軸承)。 磁變液體之已知應用描述於(例如)US 5,547,049、EP 1 016 806 B1 或 EP 1 025 373 B1 中。 根據熟習此項技術者已知之先前技術之調配物使用烴 類,例如烷類、烯類、聚烯烴類(PA0);或酯類、聚酯 類;矽油;聚烷二醇類或水作為基質液體。羰基鐵粉(尺 124379.doc 200826121 寸為1至30 μηι之球形鐵粒)常用作磁組份,不過亦描述其 他合金粒子(WO 94/10691)或具有不規則形狀之粒子(w〇 04/044931或 US 2004/140447)。 使用磁流變調配物之優良適合性需要液體中所用之可磁 化粒子具有低的沈降傾向性。若沈降發生,則其必須能夠 易於攪拌,亦即易於再分散,以免不利地影響其中使用磁 流變調配物之設備的功能。不再可再分散之凝聚物及硬沈 ( 降物的形成可藉由使用合適分散劑完全或部分地克服。通 常,聚合物或界面活性劑用於此目的。us 5,683,615描述 使用硫代磷及/或硫代胺基曱酸酯化合物作為可磁化粒子 之分散劑以改良膠體穩定性。US 2004/0084651描述油酸 酯.、環烷酸酯、磺酸鹽、磷酸鹽、月桂酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽, 例如羥基硬脂酸鋰、硬脂酸、單油酸甘油酯及脂肪醇作為 分散劑。US 2002/0130305提及諸如動物脂脂肪胺乙氧化 物之乙氧基化烷基胺作為較佳界面活性劑。us 〇 2003/0047705主張乙氧基化及丙氧基化烷基胺。 此外,已知之磁流變調配物一般包含觸變劑,該觸變劑 建立流動極限且因此抵消粒子之沈降。沈降物硬度降低且 已沈澱下來之粒子的再分散性藉由該等添加劑而促進。先 . 前技術為在非極性液體中使用疏水性改質之蒙脫石類型, 尤其微晶咼嶺石類型之層狀矽酸鹽(wo 01/03150 Α1χ膨潤 土之主要成份)、矽膠或分散二氧化矽(us 5,667,715)。亦 已知使用碳粒子(us 5,354,488)或聚脲來達成此目的(DE 196 54 461 A1) 〇 124379.doc 200826121 基於水之磁流變調配物描述於US 6,132,633中且包含親 水性膨潤土或鋰蒙脫石類型之層狀矽酸鹽。亦提及合成鐘 皂石(類似於鋰蒙脫石之合成層狀矽酸鹽)用於此預期用 途。 磁流變調配物之可傳播剪切應力隨可磁化粒子之重量比 而增加。對個別應用而言,絕對需要可磁化粒子之重量比 在90%或90%以上。用於最大化重量比且因此最大化場中 ^ 可傳播剪切應力之策略與粒度微調相關,可能使用不同量 級之粒徑(WO 97/15058)。US 5,667,715係關於用以最大化 磁場中可傳播剪切應力與無磁場下可傳播剪切應力之比率 之大鐵粒子與小鐵粒子之混合物。然而,隨著色程度而增 加之可磁化粒子之緊密堆積及固有黏度或剪切應力構成每 一狀況下之限制因素。因此,美國專利申請案us 2006/0033068描述具有各可磁化粒子(具有特別幾何形狀) 比例之磁流變調配物。此等呈薄片、針狀或圓柱形或蛋形 U 之粒子自身在液體流動方向上對準而不影響磁場,且因此 與包含(例如)球狀粒子之磁流變調配物相比,在場中在可 比較最大剪切應力下具有較低固有黏度。 另一最大化可實現之剪切應力之策略為移除粒子表面 ,上·麻煩雜質(WO 94/10694或WO 95/28719)或使用某些合 金(WO 94/10691)。 對热習此項技術者而言已知磁流變調配物中所存在之液 體的極f生在# |磁g中用㉟济L變調配物可實玉見之剪切應力 中起作用。因此’基於聚_α烯烴之磁流變調配物展示比 124379.doc 200826121 基於聚石夕氧之MR調配物或甚至水性系統低的剪切應力。 、、4、力極f生添加劑至磁流變調配物之液體組份可有助於改良 剪切應力。 、而磁"IL纟交调配物中所存在之習知極性液體(諸如水 • A聚烧—醇)在低於_20 C之低溫下展示非常高之黏度或凝 ^且口此對於磁场中可傳播剪切應力與無磁場下可傳播 J切應力之比率尚的合適磁流變調配物而言予以排除。 () 另先鈾未解決之問題為磁流變調配物中所存在之液體 的不良熱穩定性。因此,在低溫下具有低黏度且因此可用 W❹济車業之多種已知之磁流變調配物僅在高達1〇代 之溫度下經相對長之時期穩定,然而,不管因為磁流變調 配物中所存在之液體的蒸發損失還是因為該液體的化學變 化在回達150C之較高溫度下不再充分穩定。在此上下 文中理解為意謂作為熱負#之結果,效能特性不 退化。此等效能特性首先為流變性質,亦即在無磁場下及 〇 纟磁場影響下之流動行為。其次,調配物在經受熱負荷相 對長之時間後應未展示不穩定性或非均質性,諸如凝聚或 明顯沈降,例如形成不再可再分散之硬沈降物,此尤其歸 -目於分散劑功能部分或全部損失。通f,在低溫下具有低 ^ #度且存在於磁流變調配物中之液體在15代以上之溫度 下具有過高蒸氣壓。結果為在高操作溫度下液體部分蒸^ 因此磁流變調配物變稠。包含可曝露於⑽以上之高 操作溫度之液體而不會不利地影響磁流變調配物壽命的已 知磁流變調配物即使在未施加磁場之情況下亦太過黏稠, 124379.doc 200826121 以非晶形固化或在低於-20°C之溫度下結晶。 已知之磁流變調配物之缺點在於其通常不具有各自使用 領域之所需性質組合。調配物之個別組份(例如基質液 體、黏度改質劑、可磁化粒子、分散劑、增稠劑、腐蝕抑 制劑及潤滑劑及其他組份)對多種應用而言應彼此適合, 以使得儘管有可磁化粒子之高體積分率,亦保證調配物之 可用性。此理解為意謂在例如_4〇C至2〇〇〇c之廣泛溫度範 ^ 圍内調配物具流動性,在無磁場作用下黏度程度盡可能 低,在磁場中可傳播剪切應力盡可能高,可磁化粒子沈降 少’ I集之傾向小且沈降後易於再分散。另一重要性質為 磁流變調配物對使用所引起之能量輸入高度穩定。該能量 藉由在磁場下及無磁場下高剪切來輸入且自身表現為高流 體溫度、磨損及物理及化學流體變化。 【發明内容】 因此,本發明之一目標為提供一種磁流變調配物,其避 I) 免先前技術之缺點且具有某一應用所需之盡可能多的以上 提及之性質。 詳言之,磁流變調配物應能夠在廣泛溫度範圍内使用, ’ 舉例而言,在特定變體中,其在-40°c下應為液體且能夠 - 曝露於150 °C以上之溫度而不會不利地影響可用性。此 外,本發明之一目標尤其為提供一種磁流變調配物,其可 在可磁化粒子沈降後再分散而無問題且藉助於其,盡可能 高之剪切應力在施加磁場下可傳播。此外,磁流變調配物 之流變性質在磁場中與在不施加磁場下在延長之機械應力 124379.doc -10- 200826121 後應盡可能小地變化。 根據本發明’此目標藉由包含包括陰離子及陽離子之離 子液體、平均直徑為〇·1至500 μηι之分散之可磁化粒子及 若適當之添加劑的磁流變調配物實現。 分散之粒子可分散於僅由離子液體(1〇〇 wt%)組成之液 體中戈了刀政於除離子液體外進一步包含例如添加劑之組 份的液體中。分別以磁流變調配物之總重量計,離子液體 (、 之重S比例與添加劑之重量比例的比率較佳大於1,尤其 較佳大於2。磁流變調配物中除離子液體及可磁化粒子外 所存在之所有組份均稱為添加劑。 基於離子液體之本發明之調配物包含具有完全新穎組成 之液體且與自先前技術已知及存在於磁流變調配物中之液 體相比,該液體實質上不包含烴類、酯類、聚醚類、聚酉旨 類、^夕油類或水。 若本發明之磁流變調配物曝露於磁場,則其展示極高剪 〇 切應力。與具有可比較剪切應力之習知磁流變調配物相 比,較低著色度(每體積之可磁化粒子較少)可用於本發明 之磁流變調配物,繼而此意謂磁流變調配物在無磁場之情 況下黏度較低。此外,磁場中剪切應力之溫度依賴性實質 • 上小於基於疏水性油之磁流變調配物的剪切應力溫度依賴 性。本發明之特別磁流變調配物即使在-40〇c下仍可流動 且同時在180 C以上之溫度下在化學上穩定且具有極小蒸 發損失。由於離子液體之極性特徵,在分散具有親水表面 之可磁化粒子(例如鐵粒子)時可能用表面活性添加劑或分 124379.doc -11 - 200826121 政^刀散,以使例如在長期或永久應力之後發生且歸因於 (例如)分散劑變化之磁流變調配物的化學及物理變化不發 生。因此’在磁場下及無磁場下基於離子液體之磁流變調 配物之可傳播剪切應力在連續載荷測試後實際上未改變, 而例如基於聚烯烴之磁流變調配物經歷剪切應力之改 變。 本發明之離子液體為較佳在低於1 〇〇之溫度下為液體 的液體鹽。 在本發明之上下文中離子液體較佳為 (A)通式⑴之鹽 [Α]ί [Y广 ⑴, 其中η為1、2、3或4,[Α]+為四級銨陽離子、氧鏽陽離 子、锍陽離子或鱗陽離子,且[Υ]η·為單價、二價、三價或 四價陰離子; (Β)通式(II)之混合鹽 [aMIaY [Y]n· (Ha),其中 η=2 ; [A^'tA^^A3]" [Υ]η· (™),其中 n=3 ;或 [A1] + [A2] + [A3] + [A4]+ [Υ]η· (Ik),其中 n=4且 其中[AT、[A2]+、[A3] +及[A4] +彼此獨立地選自針對[A] + 所提及之群,且[Υ]η·具有(A)下所提及之含義;或 (C)通式(III)之混合鹽 [Α1] + [Α2] + [Α3] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· (Ilia)其中 η=4 ; [Α1] + [Α2] + [Μ1] + [Μ2]+ [Υ]η· (IHb)其中 η=4 ; 124379.doc -12- 200826121BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a magnetic flow wheat formulation comprising magnetizable particles dispersed in a liquid, a method for preparing the magnetorheological formulation, and use thereof. [Prior Art] Magnetorheological Formulation (abbreviation: MRF) generally refers to a formulation that changes its rheological properties under the action of a magnetic field. It is typically a suspension of ferromagnetic, superparamagnetic or paramagnetic particles in a liquid. If the suspension is exposed to a magnetic field, its flow resistance increases. This is caused by the fact that due to its magnetic interaction, the dispersed magnetizable particles (e.g., iron particles) form a chain structure along the magnetic field lines. During shearing of the MRF, these structures are partially destroyed but formed again. The rheological properties of a magnetorheological formulation in a magnetic field are similar to those of a plastomer with a flow limit, i.e., a minimum shear stress needs to be applied to cause a magnetorheological formulation to flow. High propagating shear stress is required to use magnetorheological formulations in controllable devices such as: shock absorbers, clutches, brakes, and other devices (eg, haptic devices, crash dampers, wire-steering steering systems, Wire-controlled gear system and line control system, sealing device, holding system, prosthesis, matching device and bearing). A known application of a magnetically variable liquid is described in, for example, US 5,547,049, EP 1 016 806 B1 or EP 1 025 373 B1. The use of hydrocarbons, such as alkanes, alkenes, polyolefins (PA0); or esters, polyesters; emu oil; polyalkylene glycols or water as a matrix, according to prior art formulations known to those skilled in the art liquid. Carbonyl iron powder (spherical iron particles of 124 to 30,379,1,2008,2,121,1 inch) is often used as a magnetic component, but other alloy particles (WO 94/10691) or particles having irregular shape (w〇04/) are also described. 044931 or US 2004/140447). The excellent suitability of using a magnetorheological formulation requires that the magnetizable particles used in the liquid have a low tendency to settle. If settling occurs, it must be capable of being easily agitated, i.e., readily redispersible, to avoid adversely affecting the function of the apparatus in which the magnetorheological formulation is used. Aggregates and hardenings that are no longer redispersible (formation of the falling objects can be overcome, in whole or in part, by the use of suitable dispersing agents. Typically, polymers or surfactants are used for this purpose. US 5,683,615 describes the use of thiophosphorus and / or a thioamino phthalate compound as a dispersant for magnetizable particles to improve colloidal stability. US 2004/0084651 describes oleate, naphthenate, sulfonate, phosphate, laurate, hard A fatty acid such as lithium hydroxystearate, stearic acid, glycerol monooleate and a fatty alcohol as a dispersing agent. US 2002/0130305 mentions an ethoxylated alkylamine such as tallow fatty amine ethoxylate as Preferred surfactants. Us 〇 2003/0047705 claims ethoxylated and propoxylated alkylamines. Furthermore, known magnetorheological formulations generally comprise a thixotropic agent which establishes a flow limit and thus counteracts Settling of particles. The hardness of the sediment is reduced and the redispersibility of the precipitated particles is promoted by the additives. The prior art is a type of smectite that uses hydrophobic modification in non-polar liquids, especially microcrystals.咼岭石类Layered citrate (wo 01/03150 Α 1 χ main component of bentonite), tannin or dispersed cerium oxide (us 5, 667, 715). It is also known to use carbon particles (us 5, 354, 488) or polyurea for this purpose (DE 196 54 461 A1) 〇124379.doc 200826121 A water-based magnetorheological formulation is described in US 6,132,633 and comprises a layered silicate of hydrophilic bentonite or hectorite type. Also referred to as synthetic stallite (similar to lithium The synthetic smectite of smectite is used for this intended use. The propagating shear stress of the magnetorheological formulation increases with the weight ratio of the magnetizable particles. For individual applications, magnetizable particles are absolutely required. The weight ratio is above 90% or above 90. The strategy for maximizing the weight ratio and thus maximizing the field-propagable shear stress is related to the fine-tuning of the particle size, possibly using particle sizes of different orders (WO 97/15058). US 5,667,715 relates to a mixture of large iron particles and small iron particles for maximizing the ratio of propagated shear stress in a magnetic field to non-magnetically propagated shear stress. However, the magnetizable particles are increased as the degree of color increases. The accumulation and intrinsic viscosity or shear stress constitute a limiting factor in each case. Therefore, U.S. Patent Application No. 2006/0033068 describes a magnetorheological formulation having a ratio of magnetizable particles (having a particular geometry). The particles of the flakes, needles or cylinders or egg-shaped U are themselves aligned in the direction of liquid flow without affecting the magnetic field, and thus can be present in the field compared to magnetorheological formulations comprising, for example, spherical particles. It has a lower intrinsic viscosity than the maximum shear stress. Another strategy to maximize the achievable shear stress is to remove the particle surface, the upper troublesome impurities (WO 94/10694 or WO 95/28719) or to use certain alloys. (WO 94/10691). It is known to those skilled in the art that the polarity of the liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation plays a role in the shear stress of the magnetic flux in the magnetic flux. Thus, the poly-alpha olefin based magnetorheological formulation exhibits a lower shear stress than the polyoxo-based MR formulation or even the aqueous system. The liquid component of the magneto-rheological additive can contribute to the improvement of shear stress. And the conventional polar liquid (such as water • A poly-alcohol) present in the magnetic "IL纟 distribution exhibits a very high viscosity or condensation at a temperature lower than -20 C and the magnetic field The appropriate magnetorheological formulations in which the ratio of the propagated shear stress to the non-magnetic field can propagate J shear stress are excluded. () Another unsolved problem with uranium is the poor thermal stability of the liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation. Therefore, a variety of known magnetorheological formulations that have low viscosity at low temperatures and are therefore available for use in the automotive industry are stable for only a relatively long period of time at temperatures up to 1 ,, however, regardless of the magnetorheological formulation. The evaporation loss of the liquid present is also because the chemical change of the liquid is no longer sufficiently stable at the higher temperatures of up to 150C. It is understood in this context that the performance characteristics are not degraded as a result of the thermal negative #. This equivalent energy characteristic is first of all rheological properties, that is, the flow behavior under the influence of a magnetic field and a magnetic field. Secondly, the formulation should not exhibit instability or heterogeneity after a relatively long period of heat load, such as agglomeration or significant settling, such as the formation of hard sediments that are no longer redispersible, especially in the case of dispersants. Partial or total loss of functionality. By f, the liquid having a low ^ # degree at a low temperature and present in the magnetorheological formulation has an excessively high vapor pressure at a temperature of 15 generations or more. The result is a partial evaporation of the liquid at high operating temperatures so that the magnetorheological formulation thickens. Known magnetorheological formulations containing liquids that can be exposed to high operating temperatures above (10) without adversely affecting the life of the magnetorheological formulation are too viscous even without the application of a magnetic field, 124379.doc 200826121 Amorphously solidified or crystallized at temperatures below -20 °C. A disadvantage of the known magnetorheological formulations is that they generally do not have the desired combination of properties in the respective fields of use. Individual components of the formulation (eg, matrix liquids, viscosity modifiers, magnetizable particles, dispersants, thickeners, corrosion inhibitors, and lubricants, and other components) should be suitable for each application, such that The high volume fraction of magnetizable particles also ensures the availability of the formulation. This is understood to mean that the fluidity of the material is formulated in a wide temperature range of, for example, _4〇C to 2〇〇〇c, the viscosity is as low as possible in the absence of a magnetic field, and the shear stress can be propagated in the magnetic field. It may be high, and the magnetizable particles are less settled. The tendency of the I set is small and it is easy to redisperse after sedimentation. Another important property is that the magnetorheological formulation is highly stable to the energy input caused by the use. This energy is input by high shear under magnetic fields and without magnetic field and manifests itself as high fluid temperature, wear and physical and chemical fluid changes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetorheological formulation that avoids the disadvantages of the prior art and has as many of the above mentioned properties as desired for a particular application. In particular, magnetorheological formulations should be able to be used over a wide temperature range, 'for example, in a particular variant, it should be liquid at -40 °c and capable of - exposed to temperatures above 150 °C Without adversely affecting usability. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide, in particular, a magnetorheological formulation which is redispersible after sedimentation of the magnetizable particles without problems and by means of which the highest possible shear stress can propagate under the applied magnetic field. In addition, the rheological properties of the magnetorheological formulation should be as small as possible in the magnetic field and after prolonged mechanical stress 124379.doc -10- 200826121 without applying a magnetic field. According to the present invention, this object is achieved by a magnetorheological particle comprising an ionized liquid comprising an anion and a cation, a dispersed magnetizable particle having an average diameter of from 1 to 500 μηι, and, if appropriate, an additive. The dispersed particles may be dispersed in a liquid composed only of an ionic liquid (1 〇〇 wt%) in a liquid further containing a component such as an additive in addition to the ionic liquid. The ratio of the weight ratio of the ionic liquid (the weight S ratio to the additive weight ratio is preferably greater than 1, especially preferably greater than 2.) in terms of the total weight of the magnetorheological formulation, the ionic liquid and the magnetizable in the magnetorheological formulation. All components present outside the particle are referred to as additives. Formulations of the invention based on ionic liquids comprise a liquid having a completely novel composition and compared to liquids known from the prior art and present in magnetorheological formulations, The liquid does not substantially contain hydrocarbons, esters, polyethers, polyethers, eucalyptus oils or water. If the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention is exposed to a magnetic field, it exhibits a very high shear shear stress. Compared to conventional magnetorheological formulations with comparable shear stress, lower coloration (less magnetizable particles per volume) can be used in the magnetorheological formulations of the present invention, which in turn means magnetic current The viscosity-adjusting ligand has a lower viscosity in the absence of a magnetic field. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the shear stress in the magnetic field is substantially smaller than the shear stress temperature dependence of the magneto-rheological formulation based on the hydrophobic oil. Magnetic current The tonal formulation is flowable even at -40 ° C and is chemically stable and has minimal evaporation loss at temperatures above 180 C. Due to the polar nature of the ionic liquid, magnetizable particles having a hydrophilic surface are dispersed (eg Iron particles) may be surface-active additives or fractions such as magnetorheological formulations that occur after long-term or permanent stress and are attributed to, for example, changes in dispersant. Chemical and physical changes do not occur. Therefore, the propagating shear stress of the ionic liquid-based magnetorheological formulation under magnetic field and without magnetic field is practically unchanged after continuous load testing, for example, based on polyolefin-based magnetic flux modulation. The ligand undergoes a change in shear stress. The ionic liquid of the present invention is a liquid salt which is preferably liquid at a temperature below 1 Torr. In the context of the present invention, the ionic liquid is preferably (A) Formula (1) Salt [Α]ί [Y Guang (1), where η is 1, 2, 3 or 4, [Α]+ is a tetra-ammonium cation, an oxy-rust cation, a phosphonium cation or a scale cation, and [Υ]η· is a unit price, Bivalent, trivalent or Tetravalent anion; (Β) mixed salt of formula (II) [aMIaY [Y]n· (Ha), where η = 2 ; [A^'tA^^A3]" [Υ]η· (TM) , where n=3; or [A1] + [A2] + [A3] + [A4]+ [Υ]η· (Ik), where n=4 and where [AT, [A2]+, [A3] + And [A4] + are independently selected from each other for the group mentioned for [A] + , and [Υ]η· has the meanings mentioned under (A); or (C) the mixed salt of the formula (III) [Α1] + [Α2] + [Α3] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· (Ilia) where η=4 ; [Α1] + [Α2] + [Μ1] + [Μ2]+ [Υ]η· (IHb) where η=4 ; 124379.doc -12- 200826121

[Α1] + [Μ1] + [Μ2] + [Μ3]+ [Υ] [Α1] + [Α2] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· [Α^ηΜ^^Μ2]" [Υ]η· [Α1] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]0' [Α!] + [Α2] + [Μ4]2+ [Υ]11' [Υ]η* [aYcm5]3. [Υ]η- [Α!] + [Μ4]2+ [Υ]η· 其中[A1]4"、[Α2] +及[ΑΥ彼此 (lllc) ’ 其中 η=4 ; (llld) 其中 η=3 ; (llle) 其中 η=3 ; (lllf) 其中 η=2 ; (II][g)其中 η=4 ; (Illh)其中 η=4 ; (ΙΙΠ)其中η=4 ;或 (Illj)其中η=3且 獨立地選自針對[Α]+所提及 之群’ [Υ]η具有(Α)下所提及之含義;且[Μ1]+、[μ2]+、 [Μ3Γ為單價金屬陽離子,[Μ4]2*為二價金屬陽離子且 [Μ5]3 +為三價金屬陽離子。 離子液體較佳具有小於1 8 0 °C之炼點。此外,溶點較佳 低於150°C,更佳低於120°C且甚至更佳低κ1〇(Γ(:。[Α1] + [Μ1] + [Μ2] + [Μ3]+ [Υ] [Α1] + [Α2] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· [Α^ηΜ^^Μ2]" [Υ]η · [Α1] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]0' [Α!] + [Α2] + [Μ4]2+ [Υ]11' [Υ]η* [aYcm5]3. [Υ]η- [Α !] + [Μ4]2+ [Υ]η· where [A1]4", [Α2] + and [ΑΥ mutually (lllc) ' where η=4 ; (llld) where η=3 ; (llle) where η (3) where η=2; (II)[g) where η=4; (Illh) where η=4; (ΙΙΠ) where η=4; or (Illj) where η=3 and independently selected Since the group '[Υ]η mentioned for [Α]+ has the meaning mentioned under (Α); and [Μ1]+, [μ2]+, [Μ3Γ is a monovalent metal cation, [Μ4] 2* It is a divalent metal cation and [Μ5]3 + is a trivalent metal cation. The ionic liquid preferably has a refining point of less than 180 °C. Further, the melting point is preferably lower than 150 ° C, more preferably lower than 120 ° C and even more preferably lower than 〇 1 〇 (Γ.

適於形成離子液體之陽離子[ΑΓ之化合物揭示於例如DE ϋ 102 02 838 A1中。因此,該等化合物可包含氧、填、硫或 尤其氮原子,例如至少一個氮原子,較佳卜1〇個氮原子, 尤其較佳1-5個氮原子,極尤其較佳丨_3且尤其丨_2個氮原 子。若適當,亦可存在其他雜原子,諸如氧、硫或磷原 子。氮原子為離子液體之陽離子中正電荷之合適載流子, 因而質子或烷基可自其通至陰離子保持平衡以產生電中性 分子。 在氮原子為離子液體之陽離子中正電荷之載流子的情況 下,在離子液體合《中,帛離子彳首先藉由例如胺或氮雜 124379.doc -13· 200826121 %之氮原子上四級銨化反應產生。四級銨化反應可藉由氮 原子烷基化作用實現。視所用烷基化劑而定,獲得具有不 同陰離子之鹽。在不可能在四級銨化反應自身中形成所需 陰離子之十月況下,此可在另一合成步骤中實現。舉例而 吕,自^化銨開始,可使_化物與路易斯酸(Lewis acid)反 • 應、’自_化物及路^斯酸形成錯合陰離子。或者,針對所 而陰離子而父換鹵素離子為可能。此可藉由添加金屬鹽, 〇 *所形成之金屬_化物沈殿,經由離子交換劑或藉由強酸 (釋放氫i酸)置換“物離子來實現。合適方法描述於例 如 Angew. Chem. 2000, 1 12,第 3926·3945 頁及其引 獻中。 胺或氮雜環中氮原子可與之進行(例如)四級銨化之合適 院基為Cdc18烧基,較佳扣扣。烧基,尤其較佳為a 至C6烷基,且極尤其較佳為甲基。該烷基可未經取代或可 具有一或多個相同或不同之取代基。 G s較佳化合物為包含至少-個五至六員雜環,尤其五員雜 {彼等化口物,,亥雜環具有至少一個氮原?及若適當具 ㈣或硫原子;尤其較佳之化合物為包含至少一個五至: 員雜環之彼等化合你,+ 该雜環具有一、二或三個氮原子及 • —個硫原子或-個氧原子,極尤其較佳為彼等具有兩個氮 原子之雜環。此外’芳麵環較佳。 尤/、車乂仏之化合物為分子量低於g/m01,極尤其較 仏低於500 g/mol且尤其低於25〇 ^福之彼等化合物。 此卜車乂 k陽離子為選自式(IVa)至(IVw)化合物之彼等 124379.doc -14- 200826121 子陽A cation suitable for the formation of an ionic liquid [a compound of hydrazine is disclosed, for example, in DE ϋ 102 02 838 A1. Thus, the compounds may comprise oxygen, a fill, sulfur or especially a nitrogen atom, for example at least one nitrogen atom, preferably one nitrogen atom, particularly preferably from 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, very particularly preferably 丨3. Especially 丨_2 nitrogen atoms. Other heteroatoms such as oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus atoms may also be present, if appropriate. The nitrogen atom is a suitable carrier for a positive charge in the cation of the ionic liquid, such that the proton or alkyl group can be balanced from it to the anion to produce an electrically neutral molecule. In the case where the nitrogen atom is a positively charged carrier in the cation of the ionic liquid, in the ionic liquid combination, the cerium ion enthalpy is firstly subjected to four stages on a nitrogen atom such as an amine or an aza 124379.doc -13·200826121%. An ammonium reaction is produced. The quaternization reaction can be achieved by alkylation of a nitrogen atom. Depending on the alkylating agent used, salts having different anions are obtained. This may be achieved in another synthesis step in the unlikely event that it is not possible to form the desired anion in the quaternary ammonium reaction itself. For example, LV, starting from ammonium hydride, can form a complex anion with Lewis acid, Lewis, and Lucan. Alternatively, it is possible to replace the halogen ion with the parent for the anion. This can be achieved by adding a metal salt, a metal formed by 〇*, via an ion exchanger or by replacing the "ion ion with a strong acid (releasing hydrogen i acid). Suitable methods are described, for example, in Angew. Chem. 2000, 1 12, p. 3926, 3945 and its extract. A suitable home base for which the nitrogen atom of the amine or nitrogen heterocycle can be subjected to, for example, quaternization is a Cdc18 alkyl group, preferably a pin. Particularly preferred is a to C6 alkyl group, and very particularly preferably methyl. The alkyl group may be unsubstituted or may have one or more substituents which may be the same or different. G s preferred compound is at least one a five- to six-membered heterocyclic ring, especially a five-membered heterocyclic ring, which has at least one nitrogen atom and, if appropriate, a (four) or sulfur atom; a particularly preferred compound contains at least one of five to: The rings are combined with you, + the heterocyclic ring has one, two or three nitrogen atoms and a sulfur atom or an oxygen atom, and particularly preferably a heterocyclic ring having two nitrogen atoms. The aromatic ring is preferred. The compound of ruthenium and ruthenium has a molecular weight of less than g/m01, especially仏 less than 500 g/mol and especially less than 25 〇 ^ of these compounds. The 乂 乂 k cation is selected from the compounds of the formula (IVa) to (IVw) 124379.doc -14- 200826121

R RR R

RR

RR

3、 4 R R3, 4 R R

0N0N

NN

\)- a V\)- a V

b Vb V

c V R— fc V R- f

RR

RR

e V RINXGivf)e V RINXGivf)

N/N/

RR

RR

RR

RR

RIN,RIN,

、R, R

RR

g V .,1/ cg V .,1/c

RR

RR

h Vh V

VV

RR

• J 6\ V R• J 6\ V R

:XR /UN 4 ‘ !\ R R (IVk) (IVk,) (IV1) 124379.doc -15- 200826121:XR /UN 4 ‘ !\ R R (IVk) (IVk,) (IV1) 124379.doc -15- 200826121

R\ R4 R-R\ R4 R-

R 1/ (IVm,)R 1/ (IVm,)

1/N\ /N二R R Y R r2/xr3 (IVn)1/N\ /N two R R Y R r2/xr3 (IVn)

(IVo,) R\ /R R\/r(IVo,) R\ /R R\/r

(IVq) (IVq,)(IVq) (IVq,)

R\ /R R\ ,R』R R2 R (IVr) (IVr?)R\ /R R\ ,R』R R2 R (IVr) (IVr?)

7 R R"R!^3 ΙΛ 1/ \ K R R (IVs) R5 R47 R R"R!^3 ΙΛ 1/ \ K R R (IVs) R5 R4

RJ 124379.doc -16- 200826121RJ 124379.doc -16- 200826121

R2 !-Ν—R1 R (IVu) R%:〜⑽R2 !-Ν—R1 R (IVu) R%: ~(10)

R (IVv) (IVw) 其他合適陽離子為通式(IVx)及(IVy)之化合物 Ο 及包含此等結構之寡聚物。 R2 〇 1 + „ R2 R—P—R1 S-R1 R I R (IVx) (IVy) 及包含此結構之募聚物。 在以上提及之式(IVa)至(IVy)中, Ο •基團R為氫;飽和或不飽和、非環狀或環狀、脂族、 芳族或芳脂族含碳有機基團,其未經取代或經丨至〗個 雜原子或官能基取代或穿插且具有丨至2〇個碳原子丨且 基團R至R彼此獨立為氫、磺基或飽和或不飽和、非 環狀或環狀、脂族、芳族或芳脂族含碳有機基圏,其 未經取代或經1至5個雜原子或官能基取代或穿插且 具有1至2G個碳原子’以上提及之式(Iv)中鍵結碳原子 (而非雜原子)之基團可另外為鹵素 自系列RiR9之兩鄰接基團—㈣為飽和或不飽和二’非5環 狀或環狀、脂族、芳族或芳脂族:價含碳有機基團, 經取代或經⑴個雜原子或官能基取代或穿_ 1具有、 3 0個碳原子。 在基團R及R1至R9之定義中,入、益灿 我中合適雜原子在原則上為能 124379.doc 200826121 、-Ce或=〇基團之所有雜原 ,則氧、氮、硫、磷及矽較 -、-S〇2·、-NR’-、-N=、-PR’·R (IVv) (IVw) Other suitable cations are the compounds of the formulae (IVx) and (IVy) and the oligomers comprising such structures. R2 〇1 + „ R2 R—P—R1 S—R1 RIR (IVx) (IVy) and a polymer comprising the same. In the above-mentioned formulae (IVa) to (IVy), Ο • group R Is a hydrogen; a saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic carbon-containing organic group which is unsubstituted or substituted or intervened to a hetero atom or functional group and has丨 to 2 碳 carbon atoms 丨 and the groups R to R are each independently hydrogen, sulfo or saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or araliphatic carbon-containing organic ruthenium a group which is unsubstituted or substituted or interspersed with 1 to 5 hetero atoms or functional groups and has 1 to 2 G carbon atoms' in the above-mentioned formula (Iv) in which a carbon atom is bonded (instead of a hetero atom) may additionally Halogen from the two adjacent groups of the series RiR9 - (iv) is a saturated or unsaturated bis-non-5 cyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or aralipha: valence carbon-containing organic group, substituted or via (1) A hetero atom or a functional group is substituted or has _ 1 having 30 carbon atoms. In the definition of the group R and R1 to R9, the appropriate hetero atom in the group is in principle 124379.doc 2 00826121, -Ce or = all the impurities of the oxime group, then oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and bismuth -, -S〇2·, -NR'-, -N=, -PR'·

夠形式上置換_ch2-、_eH== 子。若含碳基團包含雜原子 佳。詳言之,-0_、-S-、_SQ 、-PR’2及-SiRV可作為較佳基團而提及,基團R,為含碳基 團之其餘部分。在以上提及之式⑽中其鍵結碳原子(而非 雜原子)之情況下,基團…至化9亦可經由雜原子直接鍵 結。Formally replace _ch2-, _eH== sub. It is preferred if the carbon-containing group contains a hetero atom. In particular, -0_, -S-, _SQ, -PR'2 and -SiRV may be mentioned as preferred groups, and the group R is the remainder of the carbon-containing group. In the case where the carbon atom (not a hetero atom) is bonded in the above-mentioned formula (10), the group ... to 9 may be directly bonded via a hetero atom.

合適官能基在原則上為可鍵結碳原子或雜原子之所有官 能基。-OH (羥基)、=〇 (尤其作為羰基)_nh2 (胺基卜 =NH (亞胺基)、-C00H (羧基)、_c〇NH2 (羧醯胺基)、 -S〇3H (磺基)及-CN (氰基)可作為合適實例而提及。官能 基及雜原子亦可直接相鄰,以便亦包括複數個相鄰原子 (諸如-〇-㈤)、-s-(硫⑷、-COO_ (酉旨)、_c〇NH_ (第二醯 胺)或-CONR,-(第三醯胺))之組合,例如二(Ci_c4院基)胺 基、CrC4烷氧羰基或烷氧基。 氟、氣、溴及蛾可作為鹵素而提及。 基團R較佳為 •直鏈或支鏈(^至心8烷基,其未經取代或經羥基、鹵 素、苯基、氰基、(^至匕烷氧羰基及/或磺基單取代至 多取代且具有總共1至2 0個碳原子,諸如甲基、乙 基、1-丙基、2-丙基、1-丁基、2-丁基、2·甲基_卜丙 基(異丁基)、2-甲基-2-丙基(第三丁基)、丨_戊基、2_戊 基、3-戊基、2_甲基-1-丁基、3_甲基·丁基、2_曱基· 2-丁基、%甲基-2-丁基、2,2_二甲基丙基、卜 124379.doc -18 - 200826121 基、2-己基、3-己基、2-甲基-1-戊基、3 -甲基-卜戊 基、4 -甲基_1_戊基、2 -甲基-2-戊基、3 -甲基-2-戍基、 4-曱基-2-戍基、2-甲基-3-戊基、3-甲基-3-戊基、 二甲基-1-丁基、2,3-二曱基-i_ 丁基、3,3·二甲基-卜丁 基、2 -乙基-1-丁基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基、1-庚基、1-辛基、壬基、ι_癸基、ι_十/炫 • 基、丨-十二烷基、1-十四烷基、1-十六烷基、1-十八 烷基、2_羥基乙基、苄基、3-苯基-丙基、2·氰基匕 〇 基、2-(甲氧基羰基)乙基、2_(乙氧基羰基)乙基、2-(正丁氧基羰基)乙基、三氟甲基、二氟甲基、氟f 基、五氟-乙基、七氟丙基、七氟異丙基、九氟丁 基、九氟-異丁基、十一氟戊基、十一氟異戊基、6-羥 基己基及丙基磺酸; •乙二醇、丁二醇及其具有1至100個單元且氫原子或Ci 至Cs烧基作為端基之募聚物,諸如ra〇_(ChRb_cH2-〇 〇)n-CHRB-CH2- A RA〇"(CH2CH2CH2CH2〇)n-CH2CH2CH2CH20- ,其中R及R較佳為氫、甲基或乙基且n較佳為〇至 3,尤其為3-氧雜丁基、3_氧雜戊基、3,6_二氧雜庚 基、3,6-二氧雜辛基、3,6,9-三氧雜癸基、3,6,9-三氧 * 雜十一烷基、3,6,9,12-四氧雜-十三烷基及3,6,9,12-四 氧雜十四烧基; •乙烯基;及 • Ν,Ν- 一 -Ci至C6烧胺基,諸如ν,Ν-二甲基胺基及 Ν,Ν-二乙基胺基。 124379.doc •19- 200826121 基團R尤其較佳為直鏈且未經取代之(:1至(:18燒基,諸如 曱基、乙基、1-丙基、1_ 丁基、戊基、丨_己基、丨_庚 基、1-辛基、1-癸基、卜十二烷基、卜十四烷基、卜十六 烧基丨-十八燒基,尤其為甲基、乙基、丁基及丨-辛 基,及為 CH30-(CH2CH20)n-CH2CH2-及 Ch3CH2〇-(CH2CH20)n-CH2CH2-,其巾 n為 〇至 3。 • 基團Rl至R9彼此獨立較佳為 •氫; 〇 •鹵素; •官能基; • Ci-C!8烷基,視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧 基、烷氧基、鹵素、雜原子及/或雜環取代且/或經一 或多個氧原子及/或硫原子及/或一或多個經取代或未 經取代之亞胺基穿插; • C2-Cls烯基,視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧 〇 基、烷氧基、鹵素、雜原子及/或雜環取代且/或經一 或夕個氧原子及/或硫原子及/或一或多個經取代或未 經取代之亞胺基穿插; • 芳基,視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧 基、烷氧基、鹵素、雜原子及/或雜環取代; • 環烷基,視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧 基、烷氧基、_素、雜原子及/或雜環取代; • 環烯基,視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧 基、烷氧基、_素、雜原子及/或雜環取代;或 124379.doc 200826121 況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳 雜原子及/或雜環取代且具有 •五員或六員雜環,視情 氧基、烷氧基、幽素、 氧、氮及/或硫原子;或 兩鄰接基團^—起4 ΟSuitable functional groups are in principle all functional groups which can bond carbon atoms or heteroatoms. -OH (hydroxyl), =〇 (especially as a carbonyl group)_nh2 (amine group = NH (imino group), -C00H (carboxyl group), _c〇NH2 (carboxyammonium group), -S〇3H (sulfo group) And -CN (cyano) may be mentioned as a suitable example. The functional group and the hetero atom may also be directly adjacent to each other so as to also include a plurality of adjacent atoms (such as -〇-(5)), -s-(sulfur(4),- A combination of COO_, _c〇NH_ (second guanamine) or -CONR,-(third guanamine), for example, a di(Ci_c4 group) amine group, a CrC4 alkoxycarbonyl group or an alkoxy group. , gas, bromine and moth may be mentioned as a halogen. The group R is preferably a straight chain or a branched chain (^ to a heart 8 alkyl group, which is unsubstituted or via a hydroxyl group, a halogen, a phenyl group, a cyano group, ^ to alkaneoxycarbonyl and / or sulfo monosubstituted to polysubstituted and having a total of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2- Butyl, 2·methyl-propyl (isobutyl), 2-methyl-2-propyl (t-butyl), 丨-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl -1-butyl, 3-methyl-butyl, 2-hydrazino-2-butyl, %methyl-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethylpropane , Bu 124379.doc -18 - 200826121 base, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-ipentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2- Methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-indenyl, 4-mercapto-2-indenyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, dimethyl 1-butyl, 2,3-dimercapto-i-butyl, 3,3·dimethyl-b-butyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene , 3,3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 1-heptyl, 1-octyl, decyl, iota-yl, ι_d/hyun, decyl-dodecyl, 1- Tetradecyl, 1-hexadecyl, 1-octadecyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl, 3-phenyl-propyl, 2-cyanoguanidino, 2-(methoxy Carbonyl)ethyl, 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl, 2-(n-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluorof-group, pentafluoro-ethyl, heptafluoropropene Base, heptafluoroisopropyl, nonafluorobutyl, nonafluoro-isobutyl, undecafluoropentyl, undecafluoroisopentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl and propyl sulfonic acid; Alcohol and its polymer having 1 to 100 units and a hydrogen atom or a Ci to Cs alkyl group as a terminal group, such as ra〇_(ChRb _cH2-〇〇)n-CHRB-CH2-A RA〇"(CH2CH2CH2CH2〇)n-CH2CH2CH2CH20-, wherein R and R are preferably hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and n is preferably 〇 to 3, especially 3-oxahexyl, 3-oxapentyl, 3,6-dioxaheptyl, 3,6-dioxaoctyl, 3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 3,6, 9-trioxo* heteroundecyl, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxa-tridecyl and 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatetradecyl; •vinyl; Ν, Ν--Ci to C6 amine group, such as ν, Ν-dimethylamino and hydrazine, Ν-diethylamino. 124379.doc • 19- 200826121 The group R is particularly preferably straight-chain and unsubstituted (: 1 to (: 18 alkyl, such as decyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, pentyl,丨_hexyl, 丨_heptyl, 1-octyl, 1-indenyl, budecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecanoyl-octadecyl, especially methyl, ethyl , butyl and fluorenyl-octyl, and CH30-(CH2CH20)n-CH2CH2- and Ch3CH2〇-(CH2CH20)n-CH2CH2-, the towel n is 〇 to 3. • The groups R1 to R9 are independently of each other. Hydrogen; 〇•halogen; •functional group; • Ci-C!8 alkyl group, optionally via functional group, aryl group, alkyl group, aryloxy group, alkoxy group, halogen, hetero atom and/or heterocyclic ring Substituting and/or intercalating with one or more oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups; • C2-Cls alkenyl group, optionally via functional groups, aryl groups , alkyl, aryloxyindenyl, alkoxy, halogen, hetero atom and/or heterocyclic ring and/or substituted by one or more oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted Substituted imine interpenetrating; • aryl, as appropriate Functional group, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, halogen, hetero atom and/or heterocyclic ring; • cycloalkyl, optionally via functional group, aryl group, alkyl group, aryloxy group, alkane Alternating to oxy, _, hetero, and/or heterocyclic; • cycloalkenyl, optionally via functional group, aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, _, hetero, and/or heterocyclic Substituted; or 124379.doc 200826121 is substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aromatic hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring and has a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring, depending on the oxy group, alkoxy group, nucleus, Oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur atoms; or two adjacent groups ^4

不飽L飽和或芳族環,視情況經官能基、芳基、烧 土 ^氧基、燒氧基、齒素、雜原子及/或雜環取代 且視h況經一或多個氧及/或硫原子及/或一或多個經 取代或未經取代之亞胺基穿插。 視情況經官能基、芳基、燒基、芳氧基、烧氧基、函 素、雜原子及/或雜環取代之基較佳為曱基、乙 基、1-丙基、2_丙基、丨_ 丁基、2_ 丁基、2_甲基小丙基(異 丁基2_甲基|丙基(第三丁基)、i戊基、2_戊基、3-戊 基、2-甲基_1· 丁基、3_甲基丁基、2_甲基_2_ 丁基、%甲 基-2-丁基、2,2-二甲基丙基、^己基、2_己基、弘己 基、2-甲基-1-戊基、3-甲基-1-戊基、4_甲基戊基、2_曱 基-2-戊基、3-甲基-2-戊基、4-甲基-2-戊基、2-甲基-3-戊 基、3 -甲基-3-戊基、2,2-二甲基_ι_ 丁基、2,3_二甲基丁 基、3,3-二甲基-1-丁基、2-乙基_ι_丁基、2,3-二甲基-2-丁 基、3,3-二甲基-2-丁基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、2,4,4-三甲基戊基、1,1,3,3-四曱基丁基、丨―壬基、i_癸基、丨_十 一烷基、1-十二烷基、1-十三烷基、1-十四烷基、1-十五 烷基、1-十六烷基、1-十七烷基、1-十八烷基、環戊基甲 基、2-環戊基乙基、3-環戊基丙基、環-己基甲基、2-環己 基乙基、3-環-己基丙基、苄基(苯基甲基)、二苯基-甲基 124379.doc -21 - 200826121 (二苯甲基)、三苯基甲基、丨_苯基乙基、2_苯基乙基、3_ 苯基-丙基、α,α-二甲基苄基、對甲苯基甲基、1_(對丁基 苯基)乙基、對氣苄基' 2,4-二氯苄基、對甲氧基苄基、間 乙氧基-苄基、2-氰基乙基、2·氰基丙基、2-甲氧基羰基乙 基、2-乙氧基羰基乙基、2-丁氧基羰基丙基、ι,2-二-(甲氧 基羰基)乙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、甲醯基、13 —二氧戊環_ Γ Ο 2-基、1,3-二噁娱基、2-甲基-1,3-二氧戊環·2-基、4-曱 基-1,3-二氧戊環_2_基、2-羥基乙基、2-羥基-丙基、3-羥基 丙基、4-羥基丁基、6-羥基己基、2-胺基乙基、2-胺基丙 基、3-胺基丙基、4-胺基丁基、6-胺基己基、2-甲基-胺基 乙基、2-甲基胺基丙基、3_甲基胺基丙基、4_甲基胺基丁 基、6-甲基胺基己基、2-二甲基胺基乙基、2_二甲基胺基 丙基、3-二甲基胺基丙基、4_二甲基胺基丁基、6_二甲基 胺基己基、2-羥基-2,2-二甲基乙基、2_苯氧基乙基、孓苯 氧基丙基、3-苯氧基丙基、4·苯氧基丁基、6_苯氧基己 基、2-甲氧基乙基、2_甲氧基丙|、3·甲氧基丙基、4-曱 氧基丁基、6_甲氧基己基、2_乙氧基乙基、2_乙氧基丙 基、3-乙氧基丙基、4-乙氧基丁基、乙氧基己基、乙醯 基、CnF2(n.a)+(卜b)H2a+b(其中 至 3〇,〇^η及, 例如 CF3、C2F5、CH2CH2_c, v η (η-2) 2(n-2)+l、C6F!3、CgFi7、Not saturated with a saturated or aromatic ring, optionally substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, a burnt earth oxy group, an alkoxy group, a dentate, a hetero atom, and/or a heterocyclic ring, and one or more oxygen and / or a sulfur atom and / or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups interspersed. The group substituted with a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxyl group, a hetero atom and/or a hetero ring as the case may be preferably a fluorenyl group, an ethyl group, a 1-propyl group or a 2-propyl group. Base, 丨-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-methylpropyl (isobutyl 2-methyl) propyl (t-butyl), i-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl_1·butyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, %methyl-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, ^hexyl, 2_ Hexyl, hexyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 2-nonyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl Base, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl-ι-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl Butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyl, 2-ethyl-I-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl-2-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl-2- Butyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, 1,1,3,3-tetradecylbutyl, anthracenyl, i-fluorenyl , 丨_undecyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tridecyl, 1-tetradecyl, 1-pentadecyl, 1-hexadecyl, 1-heptadecyl, 1-octadecyl, cyclopentyl , 2-cyclopentylethyl, 3-cyclopentylpropyl, cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cyclohexylethyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl, benzyl (phenylmethyl), diphenyl -Methyl 124379.doc -21 - 200826121 (diphenylmethyl), triphenylmethyl, 丨-phenylethyl, 2-phenylethyl, 3-phenyl-propyl, α,α-dimethyl Benzyl, p-tolylmethyl, 1-(p-butylphenyl)ethyl, p-benzyl benzyl 2,4-dichlorobenzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, m-ethoxy-benzyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2·cyanopropyl, 2-methoxycarbonylethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-butoxycarbonylpropyl, iota, 2-di-(methoxy Ethylcarbonyl)ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, decyl, 13-dioxolan Γ Ο Ο 2-yl, 1,3-dioxanyl, 2-methyl-1,3-di Oxolane 2-yl, 4-mercapto-1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxy-propyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl , 6-hydroxyhexyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-aminopropyl, 3-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 6-aminohexyl, 2-methyl-aminoethyl, 2-methylaminopropyl, 3-methylaminopropyl, 4-methylamino Butyl, 6-methylaminohexyl, 2-dimethylaminoethyl, 2-dimethylaminopropyl, 3-dimethylaminopropyl, 4-dimethylaminobutyl , 6-dimethylaminohexyl, 2-hydroxy-2,2-dimethylethyl, 2-phenoxyethyl, nonylphenoxypropyl, 3-phenoxypropyl, 4·benzene Oxybutyl, 6-phenoxyhexyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-methoxypropene, 3-methoxypropyl, 4-decyloxybutyl, 6-methoxyhexyl , 2_ethoxyethyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, 4-ethoxybutyl, ethoxyhexyl, ethylidene, CnF2(na)+(b H2a+b (wherein to 3〇, 〇^η and, for example, CF3, C2F5, CH2CH2_c, v η (η-2) 2(n-2)+l, C6F!3, CgFi7,

Ci〇F21、C12F25)、氯甲基、2-翕 7 其、-灰 m 甘 4虱乙暴、二氣甲基、][,;μ二曱 基_2氯乙基、甲氧基甲基、2 ^ 2]虱基乙基、二乙氧基甲 基、一乙氧基乙基、2 -異丙氧美卩其 0 ^ ^ 乳丞乙基、2-丁氧基丙基、2- 辛氧基乙基、2-甲氧基異兩其 0 /" m 4+ 平N暴、2-(甲氧基羰基)_乙基、2_ 124379.doc -22- 200826121 (乙氧基羰基)乙基、2·(正丁氧基羰基)乙基、丁基硫甲 基、2-十二烷基硫乙基、苯基硫乙基、5_羥基_3•氧雜戊 基、8-羥基-3,6-二氧雜辛基、!丨·羥基_3,6,9·三氧雜^--烷 基、7-羥基-4-氧雜庚基、u_羥基_4,8_二氧雜十一烷基、 15_羥基-4,8,12-三氧雜十五烷基、^羥基_5_氧雜壬基、14_ 羥基-5,10-二氧雜十四烷基、5_甲氧基-3_氧雜戊基、心甲 氧基-3,6-二氧雜辛基、U·甲氧基_3,6,9_三氧雜十一烷基、 7-甲氧基-4-氧雜庚基、ιι_甲氧基_4,8_二氧雜十一烷基、 15-甲氧基-4,8,12-三氧雜十五烷基、9-甲氧基_5_氧雜壬 基、14-甲氧基-5,10-二氧雜十四烧基、5_乙氧基_3_氧雜戊 基、8-乙氧基-3,6-二氧雜辛基、乙氧基_3,6,9_三氧雜十 一烷基、7-乙氧基-4-氧雜庚基、u_乙氧基-4,8_二氧雜十 一烷基、15-乙氧基-4,8,12-三氧雜十五烷基、9_乙氧基 氧雜壬基或14 -乙乳基-5,10-氧雜十四烧基。 視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、鹵 素、雜原子及/或雜環取代及/或經一或多個氧及/或硫原子 及/或一或多個經取代或未經取代之亞胺基穿插的匕至 Cu烯基較佳為乙烯基、2-丙烯基、3_丁烯基、順-2_ 丁烯 基、反-2-丁 浠基或 CnF2(n_aHl_b)H2a-b,其中 ns3〇,及 b^O 或 1。 視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、鹵 素、雜原子及/或雜環取代之(:6至(:12芳基較佳為苯基、曱 苯基、二甲苯基、α-萘基、β_萘基、4_聯苯基、氯苯基、 二氣苯基、三氣苯基、二氟苯基、甲基苯基、二甲基苯 124379.doc -23 - 200826121 基、三甲基苯基、乙基苯基、二乙基苯基、異丙基苯基、 第三丁基苯基、十二烷基苯基、甲氧基苯基、二曱氧基苯 基、乙氧基苯基、己氧基苯基、甲基萘基、異丙基萘基、 氯萘基、乙氧基萘基、2,6-二曱基苯基、2,4,6-三曱基苯 基、2,6-二曱氧基苯基、2,6_二氯苯基、4_溴苯基、2_硝基 苯基、4-硝基苯基、2,4-二硝基苯基、2,6-二硝基苯基、4_ 二曱基胺基苯基、4-乙醯基苯基、曱氧基乙基苯基、乙氧 p 基甲基苯基'甲基硫苯基、異丙基硫苯基或第三丁基硫苯 基或 C6F(5.a)Ha,其中 〇ga<5。 視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、鹵 素、雜原子及/或雜環取代之C5sc12環烷基較佳為環戊 基、環己基、環辛基、環十二烷基、甲基環戊基、二甲基 裱戊基、甲基環己基、二甲基環己基、二乙基環己基、丁 基環己基、甲氧基環己基、二曱氧基環己基、二乙氧基環 己基、丁基硫環己基、氯環己基、二氣環己基、二氯環戊 Ο 基、(其中 n<30,OSaSn 及 b = 0 或 1)及飽和 或不飽和雙環系統,諸如降宿基或降莅烯基。 視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、鹵 素、雜原子及/或雜環取代之c5至C12環烯基較佳為3-環戊 • 烯基、_己烯基、3-環己烯基、2,5-環己二烯基或Ci〇F21, C12F25), chloromethyl, 2-翕7, - ash m 甘, 二, 二, dimethyl, dimethyl, methoxymethyl, methoxymethyl , 2 ^ 2] mercaptoethyl, diethoxymethyl, monoethoxyethyl, 2-isopropoxyquinone 0 ^ ^ oxime ethyl, 2-butoxypropyl, 2- Octyloxyethyl, 2-methoxyiso-[0/" m 4+ N-violet, 2-(methoxycarbonyl)-ethyl, 2_ 124379.doc -22- 200826121 (ethoxycarbonyl) Ethyl, 2·(n-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl, butylthiomethyl, 2-dodecylthioethyl, phenylthioethyl, 5-hydroxy-3-3 oxapentyl, 8 -Hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl,!丨·hydroxy- 3,6,9·trioxa--alkyl, 7-hydroxy-4-oxaheptyl, u-hydroxy-4,8-dioxadecyl, 15-hydroxy- 4,8,12-trioxapentadecyl, hydroxy_5_oxanonyl, 14-hydroxy-5,10-dioxatetradecyl, 5-methoxy-3-oxaxan Base, cardiomethoxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, U.methoxy-3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 7-methoxy-4-oxaheptyl, Ιι_methoxy-4-4,8-dioxadecyl, 15-methoxy-4,8,12-trioxapentadecyl, 9-methoxy-5-oxanonyl , 14-methoxy-5,10-dioxatetradecyl, 5-ethoxy-3-oxadecyl, 8-ethoxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, ethoxy Base_3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 7-ethoxy-4-oxaheptyl, u-ethoxy-4,8-dioxadecyl, 15-B Oxy-4,8,12-trioxapentadecyl, 9-ethoxyoxanonyl or 14-ethyllacyl-5,10-oxatetradecyl. Substituting a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring and/or one or more oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more The substituted or unsubstituted imido group intercalated quinone to Cu alkenyl group is preferably a vinyl group, a 2-propenyl group, a 3-butenyl group, a cis-2-butenyl group, a trans-2-butenyl group or CnF2(n_aHl_b)H2a-b, where ns3〇, and b^O or 1. Substituting a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring (: 6 to (: 12 aryl group is preferably a phenyl group, a fluorenyl group group, Xylyl, α-naphthyl, β-naphthyl, 4-biphenyl, chlorophenyl, diphenyl, triphenyl, difluorophenyl, methylphenyl, dimethylbenzene 124379. Doc -23 - 200826121, trimethylphenyl, ethylphenyl, diethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, tert-butylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, Dimethoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, hexyloxyphenyl, methylnaphthyl, isopropylnaphthyl, chloronaphthyl, ethoxynaphthyl, 2,6-didecylphenyl, 2,4,6-tridecylphenyl, 2,6-dimethoxyphenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 4-nitrobenzene Base, 2,4-dinitrophenyl, 2,6-dinitrophenyl, 4-didecylaminophenyl, 4-ethenylphenyl, nonyloxyethylphenyl, ethoxyp Methylphenyl 'methylthiophenyl, isopropylthiophenyl or tert-butylthiophenyl or C6F(5.a)Ha, wherein 〇ga<5. optionally via functional groups, aryl groups, The C5sc12 cycloalkyl group substituted with a aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring is preferably a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclooctyl group, a cyclododecyl group or a methylcyclopentyl group. , dimethyl phosphopentyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl, methoxycyclohexyl, dimethoxycyclohexyl, diethoxycyclohexyl, Butylthiocyclohexyl, chlorocyclohexyl, dicyclohexyl, dichlorocyclopentanyl, (where n < 30, OSaSn and b = 0 or 1) and saturated or unsaturated bicyclic systems, such as sulphate or lower The alkenyl group. The c5 to C12 cycloalkenyl group optionally substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring is preferably a 3-cyclopentene group. Base, hexyl alkenyl, 3-cyclohexenyl, 2,5-cyclohexadienyl or

CnF2(n-a)-3(1-b)H2a-3b(其中 nS3〇,OSaSn及 b = 0 或 1)。 視U况經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、鹵 素、雜原子及/或雜環取代且具有氧、氮及/或硫原子之五 員雜裒較彳土為。夫喃基、嗟吩基、σ比洛基、。比咬基、吲 124379.doc -24- 200826121 絲、苯幷噁唑基、間二氧雜戊烯基、二氧基(dioxyl)、 苯幷啼嗤基、苯幷嘆唾基、二甲基吼咬基、甲基喧琳基、 -曱基対基、甲氧基吱π南基、二甲氧基吼咬基或二氣吼 啶基。 若兩鄰接之基團一起形成_視情況經官能基、芳基、炫 基、芳氧基、烧氧基' i!素、雜原子及/或雜環取代且視 f月况L #多個氧及/或硫原子及/或—或多個經取代或未 Ο Ο 經取代之亞胺基穿# ^飽和、飽和Μ族環,料較 佳為U3-伸丙基、Μ.伸丁基、Μ伸戊基、伸 丙基、卜氧雜-1,3·伸丙基、氧雜-i,3-伸丙基、】_氧雜_ U3·伸丙烯基、3·氧雜-1,5·伸戊基、1-氮雜伸丙烯 基、1-Cl-C4烧基-卜氮雜-U•伸丙稀基、M_伸丁 Μ·二婦 基、1-氮雜-i,4-伸丁-π二埽基或2_氮雜十 烯基。 ,-一 若以上提及之基團包含氧及/或硫原子及/或經取代或未 經取代之亞絲,則氧原子及/或硫原子及/或亞胺基之數 目不受限制。通常,在基團中不超過5個,較佳不超過*個 且極尤其較佳不超過3個。 右=上提及之基團包含雜原子,則通常至少一個碳原 子,較佳至少兩個碳原子存在於兩個雜原子之間。 基團R1至R9彼等獨立地尤其較佳為 •氫; •直鏈或支鏈如18炫基’其未經取代或經經基、函 素、苯基、氰基、CjC6烷氧幾基及/或磺基單取代至 124379.doc -25- 200826121 夕取代且具有總共1至2 0個碳原子,諸如甲基、乙 基、1-丙基、2-丙基、1-丁基、2-丁基、2-曱基-1-丙 基(異丁基)、2-曱基-2-丙基(第三丁基)、丨_戊基、2-戊 基、3-戊基、2-甲基-1_ 丁基、3-甲基-1-丁基、2-甲基-2-丁基、3-曱基-2-丁基、2,2-二甲基-1-丙基、;i-己 基、2-己基、3 -己基、2-甲基-1-戊基、3 -甲基-1_戊 基、4-甲基-1-戊基、2-曱基-2-戊基、3-甲基-2-戊基、 ρ 4-曱基戊基、2-甲基_3·戊基、3 -甲基-3-戊基、2,2- 二甲基-1-丁基、2,3-二曱基·ΐ-丁基、3,3_二甲基 基、2-乙基-1-丁基、2,3-二甲基—2-丁基、3,3-二曱基-2-丁基、1-庚基、1-辛基、1_壬基、癸基、十一烷 基、1-十二烷基、1-十四烷基、1_十六烷基、丨_十八 烧基、2-羥基乙基、苄基、3·苯基丙基、2_氰基乙 基、2-(曱氧基羰基)乙基、2-(乙氧基羰基)乙基、2-(正丁氧基羰基)乙基、三氟曱基、二氟甲基、氟曱 〇 基、五氟-乙基、七氟丙基、七氟異丙基、九氟丁 基、九氟異丁基、十一氟戊基、十一氟異戊基、6_羥 基己基及丙基磺酸; • •乙二醇、丁二醇及其具有1至100個單元且一個氫或一 - 個Cl至Cs烷基作為端基之募聚物,諸如ra〇_(CHRb- CH2_0)n-CHRB-CH2-或 ,其中…及rb較佳為氫甲基或乙 基,且η較佳為〇至3,尤其為3_氧雜丁基、3_氧雜戊 基、3,6-二氧雜-庚基、3,6-二氧雜辛基、3,6,9-三氧雜 124379.doc •26· 200826121 癸基、3,6,9_三氧雜十一烷基、3,6,9,12-四氧雜十三烷 基及3,6,9,12-四氧雜十四烷基; •乙炸基;及 • Ν’Ν- 一-(^至匸6燒基胺基,諸如ν,Ν·二甲基胺基及 Ν,Ν_二乙基胺基。 ΟCnF2(n-a)-3(1-b)H2a-3b (where nS3〇, OSaSn and b = 0 or 1). a five-membered heteropolysaccharide substituted with a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom, and/or a heterocyclic ring, and having an oxygen, nitrogen, and/or sulfur atom, . Furamyl, porphinyl, σbi Loki, Than base, 吲124379.doc -24- 200826121 silk, benzoxazole, m-dioxenyl, dioxyl, benzoyl, benzoquinone, dimethyl A bite group, a methyl phthalocyanine group, a fluorenyl fluorenyl group, a methoxy hydrazine π south group, a dimethoxy carbene group or a diazetidyl group. If two adjacent groups are formed together, _ optionally substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, a leukoyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a hetero atom, and/or a heterocyclic ring, and Oxygen and/or sulfur atom and/or — or a plurality of substituted or unsubstituted hydrazine substituted imine-based #^ saturated, saturated steroid rings, preferably U3-extended propyl, hydrazine. , Μ 戊 、, propyl, oxa-1,3 propyl, oxa-i, 3- propyl, _ oxa _ U3 · propylene, 3 oxa-1 ,5· pentyl, 1-aza propylene, 1-Cl-C4 alkyl-aza-U•Exetylene, M_ Μ丁Μ·二妇基, 1-aza-i , 4-butyl-π-didecyl or 2-azadecenyl. -1 If the above-mentioned group contains an oxygen and/or sulfur atom and/or a substituted or unsubstituted filament, the number of oxygen atoms and/or sulfur atoms and/or imine groups is not limited. Usually, no more than 5, preferably no more than * and very particularly preferably no more than 3 in the group. Right = the group mentioned above contains a hetero atom, and usually at least one carbon atom, preferably at least two carbon atoms, is present between the two heteroatoms. The groups R1 to R9 are independently preferably, in particular, hydrogen; • straight or branched, such as 18 leuco, which is unsubstituted or via a base, a phenyl, a cyano group, a CjC6 alkoxy group. And/or sulfomonosubstituted to 124379.doc -25- 200826121 and substituted with a total of 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 2-propyl, 1-butyl, 2-butyl, 2-mercapto-1-propyl (isobutyl), 2-mercapto-2-propyl (t-butyl), 丨-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl , 2-methyl-1_butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-mercapto-2-butyl, 2,2-dimethyl-1- Propyl, i-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-1-pentyl, 3-methyl-1-pentyl, 4-methyl-1-pentyl, 2-indenyl -2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, ρ 4-decylpentyl, 2-methyl-3-methylpentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2,2-dimethyl 1-butyl, 2,3-dimercapto-fluorenyl-butyl, 3,3-dimethyl, 2-ethyl-1-butyl, 2,3-dimethyl- 2-butyl , 3,3-didecyl-2-butyl, 1-heptyl, 1-octyl, 1-hydrazino, decyl, undecyl, 1-dodecyl, 1-tetradecane Base, 1_hexadecyl,丨_Ectadecyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl, 3-phenylpropyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-(decyloxycarbonyl)ethyl, 2-(ethoxycarbonyl) , 2-(n-butoxycarbonyl)ethyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, fluoroindolyl, pentafluoro-ethyl, heptafluoropropyl, heptafluoroisopropyl, nonafluorobutyl , nonafluoroisobutyl, undecafluoropentyl, undecafluoroisopentyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl and propyl sulfonic acid; • ethylene glycol, butylene glycol and its hydrogen having from 1 to 100 units Or a one-to-one Cl to Cs alkyl group as a terminal polymer, such as ra〇_(CHRb-CH2_0)n-CHRB-CH2- or wherein ...... and rb are preferably hydrogen methyl or ethyl, and η It is preferably 〇 to 3, especially 3 oxabutyl, 3 oxapentyl, 3,6-dioxa-heptyl, 3,6-dioxaoctyl, 3,6,9- Trioxane 124379.doc •26· 200826121 Indenyl, 3,6,9-trioxadecyl, 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatridecyl and 3,6,9,12 - tetraoxatetradecyl; • ethyl bromide; and • Ν'Ν---(^ to 匸6 alkylamino group, such as ν, Ν·dimethylamino and hydrazine, Ν_diethyl Amine.

彼此獨立之基團尺1至R9極尤其較佳為氫或q至烷 基’諸如甲基、乙基、丁基、b戍基、卜己基、卜庚基 或1-辛基、苯基、2-經基乙基、2_氰基乙基、2_(甲氧基幾 基)乙基、2-(乙氧基幾基)乙基、2_(正丁氧基幾基)乙基、 Ν,Ν·二甲基胺基、N,N_二乙基胺基、氯及cH3〇_ (CH2CH20)n-CH2CH2-A CH3CH20-(CH2CH20)n.CH2CH2-, 其中n為0至3。 極尤八較佳使用之吼咬鏽離子(IVa)為彼等响咬鐵離 子,其中 •基團R1至R5之一者為帀其 ^ ^ ^ , 馬甲基、乙基或氯,且R1至R5之其 餘基團為氫; a • R3為二甲基胺基且其餘基團W、R2、R4及R5為氫; • R1至R5所有基團均為氫; 團 R1、R2、R4 及 R5 為 • R2為羧基或羧醯胺基且其餘美 氫;或 •…、戈⑽為仏伸丁^二稀 R1、R2、R4 及 R5 為氫; 且尤其為彼等ϋ比淀鑌離子,其中 • R1至R5為氫;或 124379.doc •27- 200826121 •基團R1至R5之一者為甲基或乙基,且R1至R5之其餘基 團為氫。 1-甲基吡啶鏽、1-乙基吡啶鑌、l-G-丁基)吡啶鏽、卜 (1-己基比啶鏽、1-(1-辛基)比啶鑌、1-(1-己基)吼啶钂、 1·(1-辛基)ϋ比啶鑌、1-(1-十二烷基)_吡啶鑌、1-(1-十四烷 基)吡啶鏽、1-(1-十六烷基)吡啶鑌、i,2-二甲基-吡啶鏽、 1-乙基-2-甲基咣啶鑌、丁基)_2_甲基吡啶鑌、(卜己 〇 基)-2-甲基吡啶鏽、1_(1_辛基)·2-甲基吡啶鑌、1-(卜十二 烷基)-2-甲基吡啶鏽、丨气^十四烷基)-2_甲基吡啶鑌、卜 (1-十六烷基)-2-甲基吡啶鑌、卜甲基_2_乙基_吡啶鑌、1,2- 二乙基吡啶鑌、丁基)-2-乙基吡啶鑌、1-(1-己基)-2- 乙基啦啶鐫、1-(1_辛基)_2_乙基σ比啶鑌、丨兴卜十二烷基> 2_乙基吡啶鑌、1-(1_十四烷基)_2_乙基吡啶鑌、丨_(1•十六 烷基)-2-乙基吡啶鑌、丨,2•二曱基巧_乙基_吡啶鏽、^―二 乙基-2_曱基吼咬鏽、“(h 丁基)_2_甲基_3_乙基吼啶鑌、卜 U (卜己基)_2·甲基-3-乙基°比啶鏽及1-(1-辛基)-2-曱基-3-乙基 吡。疋鎬、1·(1-十二烷基)甲基_3_乙基吡啶鑌、丨气卜十四 烧基)-2-曱基丄乙基^定鐵及卜(卜十六烧基)冬甲基小乙 基比疋釦可作為極尤其較佳吡啶鏽離子(以約而提及。 • 極尤其較佳使用之噠嗪鏽離子(IVb)為彼等噠嗪鏽離 子,其中 • R1至R4為氫;或 •基團R1至R4之一去炎田. 者為甲基或乙基,且R1至R4之其餘基 團為氮。 124379.doc -28- 200826121 和、/、奴么使用之嘧啶鏘離子(lVc)為彼等嘧啶鑌離 子,其t • 為氫1基或乙基且心·此獨立為氫或甲基;或 • R1為氫、甲基或乙基’ R\R、f基且r3為氫。 • 極尤其較佳使用之吡嗪鑌離子(,為彼等吡嗪鑌離 子,其中 • '為風、甲基或乙基且尺2至尺4彼此獨立為氫或甲基; f) · Rl為氫、甲基或乙基,R2及R4為甲基且R3為氫; • RlR4為甲基;或 • R1至R4為甲基或氫。 極尤其較佳使用之咪唑鏽離子(iVe)為彼等咪唑鑌離 子,其中 • R1為氫、甲基、乙基、丙基、^丁基、卜戊基、卜 己基、1-辛基、2-羥基乙基或2_氰基乙基且化2至化4彼 此獨立為氫、曱基或乙基。 U 卜甲基咪唑鏽、1-乙基咪唑鑌、mi-丁基)咪唑鑌、卜 (1-辛基)-咪唑鏽、1-(1-十二烷基)咪唑鏽、1_(1_十四烷基) 咪唑鑌、1-(1_十六烷基)·咪唑鏽、153_二甲基咪唑鑌、卜 乙基-3 -甲基咪η全鑌、ι_(ι_ 丁基)甲基-味唾鑌、ι_(卜丁 、 基)-3-乙基咪唑鑌、1-(1-己基)_3_曱基咪唑鑌、己基)_ 3 -乙基坐鑌、1-(1-己基)-3· 丁基口米嗤鏽、ι_(ι_辛基)_3_ 甲基-咪唑鏽、1-(1-辛基)-3-乙基咪唑鏽、1β(1_辛基)_3_ 丁 基咪唑鑌、1-(1-十二烷基)-3-曱基咪唑鏽、1_〇_十二烧 基)-3 -乙基咪τι坐鎘、i-(i-十二烧基)_3_丁基咪唾鑌、〖—(I — 124379.doc -29- 200826121 十二烧基)-3 -辛基味唾鑌、1-(1-十四烧基)_3 -甲基―味唾 鑌、1-(1-十四烧基)_3·乙基味峻鑌、1-(1_十四燒基)_3· 丁 基咪唑鏽、1-(1-十四烷基)-3-辛基咪唑鑌、l-(i_十六烧 基)-3 -甲基咪唑鑌、i-(i-十六烷基)_3 -乙基咪唑鏽、1-(^ 十六烧基)-3 - 丁基咪唑鑌、ι_(ι_十六烷基)_3_辛基味唑 鎬、1,2-二甲基咪唑鏽、ι,2,3-三甲基咪唑鑌、;μ乙基_2,3_ 二甲基咪唑鏽、1-(1_ 丁基)_2,3_二甲基咪唑鏘、丨_(卜己 ΟThe groups 1 to R9 which are independent of each other are particularly preferably hydrogen or q to alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl, butyl, b-decyl, hexyl, heptyl or 1-octyl, phenyl, 2- By ethyl ethyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-(methoxymethyl)ethyl, 2-(ethoxymethyl)ethyl, 2-(n-butoxy)ethyl, hydrazine, hydrazine Dimethylamino, N,N-diethylamino, chloro and cH3〇_(CH2CH20)n-CH2CH2-A CH3CH20-(CH2CH20)n.CH2CH2-, wherein n is from 0 to 3. The bite rust ion (IVa) which is preferably used in the eight is the same as the biting iron ion, wherein one of the groups R1 to R5 is 帀^^^, methine, ethyl or chloro, and R1 to R5 The remaining group is hydrogen; a • R3 is a dimethylamino group and the remaining groups W, R2, R4 and R5 are hydrogen; • all groups R1 to R5 are hydrogen; groups R1, R2, R4 and R5 are • R2 is a carboxyl group or a carboxy hydrazino group and the rest of the hydrazine; or •..., ge (10) is a hydrazine, and the bismuth R1, R2, R4 and R5 are hydrogen; and especially for their bismuth ions, R1 to R5 are hydrogen; or 124379.doc • 27- 200826121 • One of the groups R1 to R5 is a methyl group or an ethyl group, and the remaining groups of R1 to R5 are hydrogen. 1-methylpyridine rust, 1-ethylpyridinium, lG-butyl)pyridine rust, b (1-hexylpyridinium rust, 1-(1-octyl)pyridinium, 1-(1-hexyl) Acridine, 1·(1-octyl)pyridinium, 1-(1-dodecyl)pyridinium, 1-(1-tetradecyl)pyridine rust, 1-(1-ten Hexaalkyl)pyridinium, i,2-dimethyl-pyridine rust, 1-ethyl-2-methylacridinium, butyl)_2-methylpyridinium, (i-hexyl)-2- Methyl pyridine rust, 1_(1_octyl)·2-methylpyridinium, 1-(b-dodecyl)-2-methylpyridine rust, helium tetradecyl)-2-methyl Pyridinium, bis(hexadecyl)-2-methylpyridinium, benzyl-2-ethylpyridinium, 1,2-diethylpyridinium, butyl)-2-ethylpyridinium , 1-(1-hexyl)-2-ethylpiperidinium, 1-(1-octyl)_2-ethyl σ-pyridinium, oxime dodecyl> 2_ethylpyridinium, 1-(1_tetradecyl)_2-ethylpyridinium, 丨_(1•hexadecyl)-2-ethylpyridinium, anthracene, 2•dimercapto-ethyl-pyridine rust, ^-Diethyl-2_indenyl rust, "(h butyl)_2_methyl_3_ethyl 吼 镔 镔, 卜 U (卜己基) _2·methyl-3-ethyl ° pyridine rust and 1-(1-octyl)-2-mercapto-3-ethylpyridinium 疋镐,1·(1-dodecyl)methyl _ 3_Ethylpyridinium, anthracene, tetradecyl)-2-mercaptopurine, ethyl, iron, and bismuth (dihexyl) Pyridine rust ions (mentioned as mentioned above. • Very preferred pyridazine rust ions (IVb) are their pyridazine rust ions, where • R1 to R4 are hydrogen; or • one of the groups R1 to R4 Yantian. The methyl group or ethyl group, and the remaining groups of R1 to R4 are nitrogen. 124379.doc -28- 200826121 and /, the use of pyrimidine ions (lVc) for their pyrimidine ions, t is hydrogen 1 or ethyl and the core is independently hydrogen or methyl; or • R1 is hydrogen, methyl or ethyl 'R\R, f group and r3 is hydrogen. Pyrazinium ion (which is a pyrazinium ion, wherein • 'is wind, methyl or ethyl and feet 2 to 4 are independent of each other as hydrogen or methyl; f) · Rl is hydrogen, methyl or Ethyl, R2 and R4 are methyl and R3 is hydrogen; • RlR4 is methyl; or • R1 to R4 are methyl or hydrogen. Very particularly preferably used imidazole rust ions (iVe) are their imidazolium ions, wherein • R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentylene, hexyl, 1-octyl, 2-hydroxyethyl or 2-cyanoethyl and 2 to 4 independently of each other are hydrogen, decyl or ethyl. U-methylimidazole rust, 1-ethylimidazolium, mi-butyl)imidazolium, (1-octyl)-imidazole rust, 1-(1-dodecyl)imidazole rust, 1-(1-tetradecyl)imidazolium, 1-(1-hexadecyl)imidazol rust, 153 _ dimethylimidazolium, puethyl-3-methylimidazo, ι_(ι_butyl)methyl-salt, ι_(Budin, yl)-3-ethylimidazolium, 1-(1 -hexyl)_3_decyl imidazolium, hexyl)_3-ethylisoindole, 1-(1-hexyl)-3. butyl gluten, ι_(ι_octyl)_3_methyl-imidazole rust , 1-(1-octyl)-3-ethylimidazolium rust, 1β(1-octyl)_3_butylimidazolium, 1-(1-dodecyl)-3-indolyl imidazole rust, 1_ 〇_12 烧基)-3 -Ethyl timolum sitting on cadmium, i-(i-dodecanyl)_3_butyl mirex, 〖—(I — 124379.doc -29- 200826121 Base)-3 -octyl Salivary, 1-(1-tetradecyl)_3-methyl-salt, 1-(1-tetradecyl)_3·ethyl Weijun, 1-(1_tetradecyl) _3· butyl imidazole rust, 1-(1-tetradecyl)-3-octyl imidazolium, 1-(i-hexadecano)-3-methylimidazolium, i-(i-hexa Alkyl)_3 -ethylimidazole rust, 1-(^hexadecyl)-3 - butylimidazolium, ι_(ι_hexadecyl)_3_octyl oxazolidine, 1,2-dimethyl Imidazolium rust, iota, 2,3-trimethylimidazolium, μethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazole rust, 1-(1_butyl)_2,3-dimethylimidazolium, 丨_( Bu Ο

基)-2,3-二甲基_咪唑鏽、辛基)-2,3-二甲基咪唑鏽、 1,4-二甲基咪唑鑌、三甲基-咪唑鑌、κ二甲基_3_ 乙基-咪唑鑌、3-丁基咪唑鑌、L4-二甲基-3_辛基咪唑鑌、 1,4,5-三甲基,唑鑌、lw·四甲基米唑鏽、Κ5 —三甲 基-3-乙基咪唑鑌、丨,4,5_三甲基_3_丁基咪唑鑌及^,5•三 甲基3辛基咪唑鏽可作為極尤其較佳咪唑鏽離子(1^6)而 提及。 極尤其較佳使用之心鑌離子(IVf)、(IVg)或彼 等吼唑鑌離子,其中 R為虱 '甲基或乙基且&2至&4彼此獨立為氫或甲基。 °: H使用之吼0坐鑌離子(IVh)為彼等.比σ坐鑌離 子,其中 • R1至R4彼此獨立為氫或甲基。 鑌離子,其中 7雕卞(m)為彼卓1-吡唑啉 • R至R6彼此獨立為氫或甲基。 極尤其較佳制f㈣鑌離子(lvj)或(lvj,)為彼等2_ 124379.doc -30- 200826121 吡唑淋鑌離子,其中 •R為氫、甲基、乙基或苯基且R2至R6彼此獨立為氫或 甲基。 極尤其較佳使用之3-吡唑啉鑌離子(IVk)或(IVk,)為彼等 3-吡唑啉鏽離子,其中 • R及112彼此獨立為氫、曱基、乙基或苯基且R3至R6彼 此獨立為氫或甲基。 〇 極尤其較佳使用之咪唑啉鑌離子(IV1)為彼等咪唑啉鏽離 子,其中 • hR2彼此獨立為氫、甲基、乙基、1-丁基或苯基, R及R彼此獨立為氫、甲基或乙基且R5及R6彼此獨立 為氫或甲基。 極尤其較佳使用之咪唑啉鑌離子(IVm)或(IVm,)為彼等 咪唑啉鑌離子,其中 • R1及R2彼此獨立為氫、甲基或乙基且R3至R6彼此獨立 〇 為氫或甲基。 極尤其較佳使用之咪唾琳鑌離子(IVn)或(IVn·)為彼等味 唑啉鑌離子,其中 • R1至R3彼此獨立為新、帀苴十 甘 4 苟虱甲基或乙基且R4至R6彼此獨立 ~ 為氫或甲基。 極尤其較佳制之㈣鑌離子(IV。)或(IV。,)及極尤其較 佳使用之噁唑鏘離子(Ινρ)為彼等離子,其中 、 • R為虱、甲基、乙基或苯基且尺2及尺3彼此獨立為氫 甲基。 124379.doc -31 - 200826121 極尤其較佳使用之丨2 4_二 一坐备離子(IVq)、(IVq,)或 (IVq )為彼等1,2,4-三唑鑌離子,其中 •Rl及R2彼此獨立為氫、甲基:、乙基或苯基及氨、 甲基或苯基。 極尤其較佳使用夕1。- ,,-二唑鑌離子(lvr)、(lvr,)或 (IVr )為彼等1,2,3-三唑鑌離子,其中 η-2,3-dimethyl-imidazole rust, octyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazole rust, 1,4-dimethylimidazolium, trimethyl-imidazolium, κ dimethyl 3_ethyl-imidazolium, 3-butylimidazolium, L4-dimethyl-3-octyl imidazolium, 1,4,5-trimethyl, oxazolidine, lw·tetramethylbazole rust, Κ5 —Trimethyl-3-ethylimidazolium, anthracene, 4,5-trimethyl_3_butylimidazolium and ^,5•trimethyl 3 octyl imidazole rust can be used as a very particularly preferred imidazole rust ion (1^6) mentioned. Very preferred are the use of cardioside ions (IVf), (IVg) or their oxazolium ions, wherein R is 虱 'methyl or ethyl and & 2 to & 4 are independently hydrogen or methyl. °: H is used for 镔0 sitting 镔 ions (IVh) for them. The ratio σ is 镔, where • R1 to R4 are independently hydrogen or methyl.镔 ions, wherein 7 卞 (m) is a bis-pyrazoline • R to R6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl. It is especially preferred to prepare f(tetra)phosphonium ions (lvj) or (lvj,) as their 2_124379.doc -30- 200826121 pyrazole-dip ion, wherein R is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and R2 is R6 is independently of each other hydrogen or methyl. Very particularly preferably used 3-pyrazolinium ions (IVk) or (IVk,) are their 3-pyrazoline rust ions, wherein • R and 112 are independently hydrogen, decyl, ethyl or phenyl. And R3 to R6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl. The imidazolinium ion (IV1) particularly preferably used in the bungee is the imidazoline rust ion, wherein • hR2 is independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl or phenyl, and R and R are independently of each other. Hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen or methyl. Very preferably used imidazolinium ions (IVm) or (IVm,) are their imidazolinium ions, wherein R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, methyl or ethyl and R3 to R6 are independently hydrogen. Or methyl. Very particularly preferably used imipenem ions (IVn) or (IVn·) are their oxazolidinium ions, wherein • R1 to R3 are independently of each other, new, 帀苴10, 4 苟虱 methyl or ethyl and R 4 To R6 are independent of each other ~ hydrogen or methyl. Very particularly preferred (4) cerium ions (IV.) or (IV.,) and very particularly preferably used oxazolium ions (Ινρ) are their ions, wherein • R is 虱, methyl, ethyl or The phenyl group and the ruler 2 and the ruler 3 are each independently a hydromethyl group. 124379.doc -31 - 200826121 Very particularly preferably used 丨 2 4_二一坐备离子(IVq), (IVq,) or (IVq ) is their 1,2,4-triazolium ion, of which R1 and R2 are independently of each other hydrogen, methyl: ethyl or phenyl and ammonia, methyl or phenyl. It is especially preferable to use the eve 1. - ,,-diazolium ions (lvr), (lvr,) or (IVr) are their 1,2,3-triazolium ions, of which η

為2氫f基或乙基且R2及尺3彼此獨立為氯或甲基, 或R及R3—起為M_伸丁 _丨,3_二烯基。 極尤其較佳使用之料㈣離子(IVs)為彼^各咬錯離 子,其中 R為風、甲基、乙基或苯基且&2至&9彼此獨立為氫或 甲基。 極尤/、K土使用之味σ坐咬鎮離子(lvt)為考皮等味嗤咬鐵離 子,其中 • R及R彼此獨立為氫、曱基、乙基或苯基且R2與R3及 R5至R8彼此獨立為氫或甲基。 極尤其較佳使用之銨離子(IVu)為彼等銨離子,其中 • R1至R3彼此獨立為(:1至(:18烷基;或 • R1及R2—起為丨,5_伸戊基或3_氧雜」,5_伸戊基且…為 C^Cu烧基、2_經基乙基或2_氰基乙基。 甲基三(1_丁基)銨、N,N-二曱基哌啶鑌及N,N-二曱基·嗎 琳鏽可作為極尤其較佳之銨離子而提及。 藉由以4專基團R四級銨化而衍生通式(iVu)四級銨離子 之二級胺的實例為二乙基-正丁基胺、二乙基-第三丁基 124379.doc -32- 200826121 胺、二乙基-正戊基胺、二乙基己基胺、二乙基-辛基胺、 二乙基-(2-乙基己基)胺、二-正丙基丁基胺、二-正丙基-正 戊基-胺、二-正丙基己基胺、二-正丙基辛基胺、二-正丙 基- (2 -乙基-己基)-胺、二異丙基乙基胺、二異丙基-正丙基 胺、二異丙基丁基胺、二異丙基-戊基-胺、二異丙基己基 胺、二異丙基辛基胺、二異丙基_(2_乙基己基)胺、二-正 丁基乙基胺、二-正丁基-正丙基胺、二-正丁基-正戊基-胺、二-正丁基己基胺、二-正丁基辛基胺、二-正丁基-(2-乙基己基)胺、N-正丁基吡咯啶、N-第二丁基吡咯啶、N-第三丁基吡咯啶、N-正戊基-吡咯啶、N,N-二曱基環己基 胺、N,N -二乙基壞己基胺、Ν,N -二-正丁基-ί哀-己基胺、N _ 正丙基哌啶、Ν-異丙基哌啶、Ν-正丁基哌啶、Ν-第二丁基 旅咬、Ν -第三丁基旅唆、Ν -正戊基旅σ定、Ν -正丁基嗎琳、 Ν-第二丁基嗎啉、Ν-第三丁基嗎啉、Ν-正戊基嗎啉、Ν-苄 基-Ν-乙基-苯胺、N-f基-Ν-正丙基_苯胺、Ν-节基-Ν·異丙 基苯胺、N-苄基-N-正丁基-苯胺、N,N-二曱基-對甲苯胺、 N,N-二乙基-對甲苯胺、N,N-二-正丁基-對甲苯胺、二乙基 苄基胺、二-正丙基·苄基胺、二-正丁基节基胺、二乙基-苯基胺、二-正丙基苯基胺及二-正丁基苯基胺。 較佳三級胺(IVu)為二異丙基乙基胺、二乙基-第三丁基 胺、二異丙基丁基胺、二-正丁基-正戊基胺、N,N-二-正丁 基環己基胺及自戊基異構體獲得之三級胺。 尤其較佳三級胺為二-正丁基·正戊基胺及自戊基異構體 獲得之三級胺。具有三個相同基團之另一較佳三級胺為三 124379.doc -33- 200826121 晞丙基胺。 極尤其較佳使用之胍鹽離子(IVv)為彼等胍鹽離子,其中 • R1至R5為曱基。 N,N,N’,N’,N”,N”-六曱基胍鹽可作為極尤其較佳之胍鹽 離子(IVv)而提及。 極尤其較佳使用之膽鹼鹽離子(IVW)為彼等膽鹼鹽離 * 子,其中 〇 · Rl&R2彼此獨立為甲基、乙基、1-丁基或1-辛基且R3 為氫、甲基、乙基、乙醯基、_S〇2〇H或_p〇(〇h)2 ; • R1為甲基、乙基、1-丁基或辛基,R2為_CH2_CH2_ or4基團且R3及R4彼此獨立為氫、甲基、乙基、乙醯 基、-S020H或-P〇(〇h)2 ;或 • R 為 _CH2-CH2_〇r4基團,R2為 _CH2-CH2 〇r5基團且 r3 至R彼此獨立為氫、甲基、乙基、乙醯基、_s〇2〇h 或-po(oh)2。 (j 尤其較佳之膽鹼鹽離子(lvw)為彼等膽鹼鹽離子,其中 R係選自氫、甲基、乙基、乙醯基、5_甲氧基_3_氧雜戊 基、8-曱氧基-3,6-二氧雜辛基、甲氧基-3,6,9·三氧雜十 -烧基、7-甲氧基|氧雜庚基、甲氧基_4,8_二氧雜-十 烷基、15-甲氧基-4,8,12-三氧雜十五烧基、9-甲氧基_5_ 氧雜壬基、14-甲氧基_5,氧雜十四烷基、%乙氧基冬氧 雜戊基、8-乙氧基-3,6·二氧雜辛基、n乙氧基_3,6,9_三氧 雜十-烧基、7·乙氧基_4 一氧雜庚基、乙氧基_4,8二氧 雜十一烧基、&乙氧基三_ + π基、9_乙氧 124379.doc •34· 200826121 基-5-氧雜壬基或14_乙氧基_5,1〇-氧雜十四烷基。 極尤其較佳使用之鱗離子(IVx)為彼等鱗離子,其中 • R1至R3彼此獨立為Cl-Cl8烷基,尤其為丁基、異丁 基、1-己基或1·辛基。 在以上提及之雜環陽離子中,吡啶鑌離子、吡唑啉鑌離 子、响唑鑌離子及咪唑啉鑌離子及咪唑鑌離子為較佳。此 外,銨離子較佳。 尤其較佳為1 -曱基吡啶鏽、1 -乙基吡啶鑌、i _ 丁基)。比 啶鑌、1-(1-己基)吨啶鑌、1-(1_辛基)吼啶鏽、1-(丨·己基) 17比咬鑌、1-(1-辛基)-吼淀鑌、1-(1-十二烧基)π比咬鑌、 (1-十四烷基)吡啶鑌、1-(1-十六烷基)-吡啶鏽、1,2-二甲基 吡啶鑌、1-乙基-2·甲基吡啶鏽、1·(1-丁基)-2-曱基-吡啶 鏽、1_(1_己基)-2·甲基批啶鏽、1-(1·辛基)_2·曱基吼啶 鑌、1-(1•十二烷基)-2-甲基吡啶鏽、1-(1-十四烷基)-2-曱 基°比σ定鏽、1 -(1 -十六烧基)-2-曱基比咬鑌、1-甲基-2-乙基 吡啶鑌、1,2-二乙基吡啶鏽、1-(1-丁基)-2-乙基-吡啶鏽、 1- (1-己基)-2-乙基吡啶鏽、1-(1-辛基)-2-乙基17比啶鑌、卜 (1-十二烷基)-2-乙基吡啶鑌、1_(1_十四烷基)-2-乙基吡啶 鏽、1-(1-十六烷基)-2-乙基-吡啶鏽、1,2-二曱基-5-乙基σ比 啶鑌、1,5-二乙基-2-曱基吡啶鑌、1-(1-丁基)-2_甲基-3-乙 基吼啶钂、1-(卜己基甲基―3-乙基咕啶鑌、卜辛基)_ 2- 甲基-3-乙基吡啶鏽、丨气1-十二烷基)_2·甲基乙基吡啶 鑌、1-(1-十四烷基)-2-曱基-3-乙基吡啶钂、1-(1-十六炫 基)-2-曱基-3 -乙基比淀鏽、i -曱基咪唆钂、卜乙基咪吐 124379.doc -35- 200826121 Ο c. 錄、1-(1-丁基)咪唑鑌、;[_〇_辛基)_咪唑鏽、。(卜十二烷 基)味唑鑌、十四烷基)咪唑鏽、K1•十六烷基)_哺唑 錯I’3 一甲基咪嗤鏽、^乙基-3-甲基咪唾鏽、1-(1- 丁 基)-3-曱基啼唾鏽、己基)_3_曱基_唾鏽、卜(丨_辛基)_ 3-甲基-咪唑鏽、丨_(1_十二烷基)_3_甲基咪唑鏽、ΐ-(ι_十四 烷基)_3_甲基咪唑鑌、。(卜十六烷基)_3_甲基咪唑鏽、 1,2_二甲基咪唑鑌、l52,3_三曱基·咪唑鑌、卜乙基_2,3_二 甲基味唾鑌、H1-丁基)_2,3_二甲基味嗤鏽、卜(1己奸 2,3_二甲基咪唑鏽及…辛基)_2,3_二甲基咪唑鏽、μ-二 甲基咪口坐鑌、三甲基咪唑鑌、μ_二甲基·3_乙基咪 吐鑌、3-丁編鏽、“_二甲基_3_辛基㈣…三 甲基味唑鏽、Μ,4,5,甲基咪唑鑌、1,4,5-三甲基_3_乙基 咪唑鑌、1,4,5-三甲其1 丁貧,, T 土 3-丁基-咪唑鑌及i,4,5_三甲基_3_辛 基咪唑鑌。 式(Ilia)至(IIIj)中所述之金屬陽離子㈧ [M3]+、[MY.及 5 3+_ A — 叙為兀*素週期表之第1族、第2 族、弟6族、第7族、第8姓 12浐芬银 弟8知、第9族、第1〇族、第11族、第 矢第13族之金屬陽離 。 心心離子口適金屬陽離子例如為 Fe3+ r 2+ CS、峋、。2+、W、Cr3+、Fe2+、 、Ni2+、Cu2+、Ag+、Zn、A13+。 可使用之陰離子原則上為任何陰離子。 離子液體之陰離子[γ]η_係選自(例如) 2式之_子、含_素化合物離子及㈣離子組成 124379.doc -36- 200826121 F.、Cl.、Br-、Γ、BF4·、PF6_、A1C14·、Al2ci/ 、 A13C110-、AlBrV、FeCl,、BC14_、SbF6.、AsF〆、znCl3·、It is a 2-hydrogenyl group or an ethyl group and R2 and the ampule 3 are each independently a chlorine or a methyl group, or R and R3 are an M_ 丁 丨, a 3-dienyl group. Very particularly preferably used materials (IV) ions (IVs) are each of the biting ions, wherein R is wind, methyl, ethyl or phenyl and & 2 to & 9 are independently hydrogen or methyl. Very special /, K soil use taste σ sitt town ion (lvt) for test skin and other bite iron ions, where • R and R are independent of each other hydrogen, sulfhydryl, ethyl or phenyl and R2 and R3 and R5 to R8 are each independently hydrogen or methyl. Very particularly preferably used ammonium ions (IVu) are their ammonium ions, wherein • R1 to R3 are independent of each other (: 1 to (: 18 alkyl; or • R1 and R2 are 丨, 5 伸 pentyl) Or 3_oxa", 5_ pentyl and ... is C^Cu alkyl, 2_ylethyl or 2-cyanoethyl. Methyltris(1_butyl)ammonium, N,N- Dimercaptopiperidinium and N,N-dimercapto-carbene rust can be mentioned as very particularly preferred ammonium ions. The general formula (iVu) is derived by quaternization of 4 groups of R. Examples of secondary amines of the ammonium ion are diethyl-n-butylamine, diethyl-tert-butyl 124379.doc-32-200826121 amine, diethyl-n-pentylamine, diethylhexylamine , diethyl-octylamine, diethyl-(2-ethylhexyl)amine, di-n-propylbutylamine, di-n-propyl-n-pentyl-amine, di-n-propylhexylamine , di-n-propyl octylamine, di-n-propyl-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-amine, diisopropylethylamine, diisopropyl-n-propylamine, diisopropylbutyl Amine, diisopropyl-pentyl-amine, diisopropylhexylamine, diisopropyloctylamine, diisopropyl-(2-ethylhexyl)amine, di- Butylethylamine, di-n-butyl-n-propylamine, di-n-butyl-n-pentyl-amine, di-n-butylhexylamine, di-n-butyloctylamine, di-n-butyl Base-(2-ethylhexyl)amine, N-n-butyl pyrrolidine, N-second butyl pyrrolidine, N-t-butylpyrrolidine, N-n-pentyl-pyrrolidine, N,N- Dimercaptocyclohexylamine, N,N-diethylfylhexylamine, anthracene, N-di-n-butyl- lysyl-hexylamine, N-n-propylpiperidine, hydrazine-isopropylpiperidine, Ν-n-butylpiperidine, oxime-t-butyl brigade bite, Ν-t-butyl group, Ν-正-戊基旅 定定, Ν-正butyl 琳琳, Ν-second butyl? Porphyrin, Ν-t-butylmorpholine, Ν-n-pentylmorpholine, Ν-benzyl-Ν-ethyl-aniline, Nf-quinone-n-propyl-aniline, Ν-knot group-Ν Propylaniline, N-benzyl-N-n-butyl-aniline, N,N-dimercapto-p-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-p-toluidine, N,N-di-n-butyl - p-toluidine, diethylbenzylamine, di-n-propyl-benzylamine, di-n-butyl benzylamine, diethyl-phenylamine, di-n-propylphenylamine and di- n-Butylphenylamine. Preferred tertiary amine (IVu) is diisopropyl Ethyl ethylamine, diethyl-tert-butylamine, diisopropylbutylamine, di-n-butyl-n-pentylamine, N,N-di-n-butylcyclohexylamine and self-pentyl A tertiary amine obtained from an isomer. Particularly preferred tertiary amine is di-n-butyl-n-pentylamine and a tertiary amine obtained from a pentyl isomer. Another preferred one having three identical groups The tertiary amine is tri-124379.doc -33- 200826121 propyl propylamine. Very particularly preferred strontium salt ions (IVv) are their sulfonium salt ions, wherein • R1 to R5 are fluorenyl groups. The N,N,N',N',N",N"-hexamethylene sulfonium salt can be mentioned as a very particularly preferred onium salt ion (IVv). Very particularly preferably used choline salt ions (IVW) are their choline salt, wherein 〇·Rl&R2 are independently methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl or 1-octyl and R3 is Hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, ethyl hydrazino, _S〇2〇H or _p〇(〇h)2; • R1 is methyl, ethyl, 1-butyl or octyl, and R2 is _CH2_CH2_ or4 And R3 and R4 are independently of each other hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, ethylidene, -S020H or -P〇(〇h)2; or • R is a _CH2-CH2_〇r4 group, and R2 is _CH2 -CH2 〇r5 group and r3 to R are each independently hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, ethylidene, _s〇2〇h or -po(oh)2. (j Particularly preferred choline salt ions (lvw) are their choline salt ions, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, ethyl hydrazino, 5-methoxy-3-3 oxapentyl, 8-decyloxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, methoxy-3,6,9-trioxadec-alkyl, 7-methoxy|oxaheptyl, methoxy_4 ,8-dioxa-decenyl, 15-methoxy-4,8,12-trioxapentanyl, 9-methoxy-5-oxaxyl, 14-methoxy_5 , oxatetradecyl, % ethoxyoxopentyl, 8-ethoxy-3,6·dioxaoctyl, n-ethoxy-3,6,9-trioxa-10- Anthracenyl, 7·ethoxy 4 —oxalylheptyl, ethoxy 4,8 dioxadecyl, &ethoxy 3 —+ π, 9 —ethoxy 124379.doc • 34· 200826121 yl-5-oxaindole or 14-ethoxy _5,1 〇-oxatetradecyl. Very particularly preferably used scaly ions (IVx) are their scaly ions, of which • R1 To R3 are each independently a Cl-Cl8 alkyl group, especially a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a 1-hexyl group or a 1-octyl group. Among the above heterocyclic cations, pyridinium ions, pyrazolinium ions, ringing Azathioprine ion and imidazolinium ion and imidazole Ion addition are preferred, especially preferred ammonium ion is preferably 1 - Yue rust pyridine, 1 - ethyl - pyridine bin, I _ butyl). Bipyridyl, 1-(1-hexyl) oxaridinium, 1-(1-octyl)acridine rust, 1-(丨·hexyl) 17-bite, 1-(1-octyl)-吼镔, 1-(1-dodecanyl)π ratio 镔, (1-tetradecyl)pyridinium, 1-(1-hexadecyl)-pyridine rust, 1,2-dimethylpyridine镔, 1-ethyl-2-methylpyridyl rust, 1·(1-butyl)-2-mercapto-pyridine rust, 1-(1-hexyl)-2·methyl pyridine rust, 1-(1 · octyl) 2 - fluorenylpyridinium, 1-(1 • dodecyl)-2-methylpyridyl rust, 1-(1-tetradecyl)-2-fluorenyl ratio σ rust , 1-(1-hexadecyl)-2-mercaptopyrene, 1-methyl-2-ethylpyridinium, 1,2-diethylpyridinium rust, 1-(1-butyl) -2-ethyl-pyridine rust, 1-(1-hexyl)-2-ethylpyridine rust, 1-(1-octyl)-2-ethyl17-pyridinium, di(1-dodecyl) )-2-ethylpyridinium, 1-(1-tetradecyl)-2-ethylpyridine rust, 1-(1-hexadecyl)-2-ethyl-pyridine rust, 1,2-di Mercapto-5-ethyl σ-pyridinium, 1,5-diethyl-2-mercaptopyridinium, 1-(1-butyl)-2-methyl-3-ethylpyridinium, 1 -(i-hexylmethyl-3-ethyl acridine, octyl)_ 2- -3-ethylpyridine rust, helium 1-dodecyl)_2·methylethylpyridinium, 1-(1-tetradecyl)-2-mercapto-3-ethylpyridinium, 1 -(1-hexadecyl)-2-mercapto-3-ethyl ratio rust, i-mercapto quinone, phenethyl oxime 124379.doc -35- 200826121 Ο c. Record, 1-(1 -butyl)imidazolium;;[_〇_octyl)_imidazole rust. (Budecyl) oxazolidine, tetradecyl) imidazole rust, K1•hexadecyl)-Nalzoxine I'3 monomethyl hydrazine, ^ethyl-3-methyl Rust, 1-(1-butyl)-3-mercaptopurine, hexyl)_3_mercapto-salt, sputum (丨_octyl)_3-methyl-imidazole rust, 丨_(1_ Dodecyl)_3_methylimidazole rust, ΐ-(ι_tetradecyl)_3_methylimidazolium. (P-hexadecyl)_3_methylimidazolium rust, 1,2-dimethylimidazolium, l52,3_tridecyl-imidazolium, puethyl-2,3-dimethylsazone, H1- Butyl) _2,3_dimethyl miso rust, b (1 trait 2,3_dimethylimidazole rust and ... octyl)_2,3_dimethylimidazole rust, μ-dimethyl isopropyl Sitting on sputum, trimethylimidazolium, μ_dimethyl·3_ethylimidium, 3-butyl rust, "_ dimethyl_3_octyl (tetra)... trimethyl sulphonate rust, sputum, 4,5,methylimidazolium, 1,4,5-trimethyl_3_ethylimidazolium, 1,4,5-trimethylidene 1 depleted, T soil 3-butyl-imidazolium and i , 4,5_trimethyl_3_octyl imidazolium. Metal cations as described in formula (Ilia) to (IIIj) (8) [M3]+, [MY. and 5 3+_ A — 兀* The first, second, sixth, seventh, and eighth surnames of the Periodic Table of the Prime Minister, 12, Fen Yin, 8th, 9th, 1st, 11th, and 13th Metal cations. The core ion cations are, for example, Fe3+ r 2+ CS, 峋, 2+, W, Cr3+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Ag+, Zn, A13+. The anion that can be used is in principle any anion. Yin of ionic liquid The ion [γ]η_ is selected from, for example, a 2-type, a _-containing compound ion, and a (tetra) ion composition 124379.doc -36- 200826121 F., Cl., Br-, Γ, BF4·, PF6_, A1C14·, Al2ci/, A13C110-, AlBrV, FeCl, BC14_, SbF6., AsF〆, znCl3·,

SnCl3· 、 CuCl2- 、 CF3S〇3· 、 (CF3S03)2N· 、 CF3c〇^ CC13C02·、CN_、SCN·、OCN-; • 由以下通式之硫酸根、亞硫酸根及磺酸根組成之群: S042-、HS04-、S〇32·、HS〇3、Ra0S03-、RaS03-; • 由以下通式之磷酸根組成之群: P〇43-、HP042-、H2P04-、RaP〇42-、HRaP04-、RaRbp〇4-; • 由以下通式之膦酸根及次膦酸根組成之群:SnCl3· , CuCl2- , CF3S〇3· , (CF3S03)2N· , CF3c〇^ CC13C02·, CN_, SCN·, OCN-; • Groups consisting of sulfate, sulfite and sulfonate of the following general formula: S042-, HS04-, S〇32·, HS〇3, Ra0S03-, RaS03-; • Group consisting of phosphates of the following general formula: P〇43-, HP042-, H2P04-, RaP〇42-, HRaP04 -, RaRbp〇4-; • A group consisting of phosphonates and phosphinates of the following general formula:

RaHP03·、RaRbP〇2·、RaRbp〇3·; • 由以下通式之亞磷酸根組成之群: P〇33·、HP〇32-、H2P03-、RaP〇32·、RaHP〇3·、RaRbp〇3-; • 由以下通式之亞膦酸根及羥亞膦酸根組成之群:RaHP03·, RaRbP〇2·, RaRbp〇3·; • Group consisting of phosphites of the following general formula: P〇33·, HP〇32-, H2P03-, RaP〇32·, RaHP〇3·, RaRbp 〇3-; • A group consisting of phosphinates and hydroxyphosphinates of the following formula:

RaRbP02·、RaHP02-、RaRbPCT、RaHPO·; • 由以下通式之羧酸根組成之群:RaRbP02·, RaHP02-, RaRbPCT, RaHPO·; • A group consisting of carboxylates of the following general formula:

RaCO〇-; • 由以下通式之硼酸根組成之群: B〇33' " HBO32' " H2BO3' - RaRbB03' - RaHB〇3- - RaB032' 、B(ORa)(ORb)(ORc)(ORd)·、B(HS04).、B(RaS04)·; • 由以下通式之_酸根組成之群:RaCO〇-; • Group consisting of borate of the following general formula: B〇33' " HBO32' " H2BO3' - RaRbB03' - RaHB〇3- - RaB032', B(ORa)(ORb)(ORc) (ORd)·, B(HS04)., B(RaS04)·; • A group consisting of the following formula:

RaB022·、RaRbBO_ ; • 由以下通式之碳酸根及碳酸酯離子組成之群·· HC03-、C〇32·、RaC(V ; • 由以下通式之矽酸根及矽酸酯離子組成之群: 124379.doc -37- 200826121 si〇,、HSia u 、 H2Si〇 RaRbSi042' > RaRbRcSi〇4' HRaRbSiO,:RaB022·, RaRbBO_ ; • Group consisting of carbonate and carbonate ions of the following formula: · HC03-, C〇32·, RaC (V ; • Group consisting of citrate and phthalate ions of the following general formula : 124379.doc -37- 200826121 si〇,,HSia u , H2Si〇RaRbSi042' > RaRbRcSi〇4' HRaRbSiO,:

H3SiO ' HRaSi〇4- . H2Rasi〇4. •由以下通式之縣或芳基㈣鹽離子H3SiO 'HRaSi〇4- . H2Rasi〇4. • County or aryl (tetra) salt ion of the following general formula

RaSi〇33' > papbQl.n 2. ^ : 2 R RbRcSiCT、J^bRaSi〇33' > papbQl.n 2. ^ : 2 R RbRcSiCT, J^b

RaRbRcSi02· , RaRbsi〇32- . R Sl°3RaRbRcSi02· , RaRbsi〇32- . R Sl°3

•由以下通式之羧醯胺離子、镂r硭醢A 雙(¾醯基)醯亞胺離子 石K鯭基醯亞胺離子及二氰胺離子組成之群:• A group consisting of carboguanamine ion, 镂r硭醢A bis(3⁄4醯) quinone imine ion, stone quinone quinone imine ion and dicyanamide ion of the following general formula:

Ra- 〇Ra- 〇

N 〇 Ra— b :N -R 〇N 〇 Ra— b : N -R 〇

Ra」p〇 :N_ ΟRa"p〇 :N_ Ο

NC b—/II ,N 0 NC . 9 •由以下通式之甲基化物離子組成之群: S〇2-Ra Rb-〇2S S〇rRc j •由以下通式之烷氧化物離子及芳氧化物離子組成之 群:NC b—/II , N 0 NC . 9 • Group consisting of methylated ions of the following general formula: S〇2-Ra Rb-〇2S S〇rRc j • Alkoxide ion and aromatic Group of oxide ions:

Rb-Rb-

Ra0'; 由以下通式之鹵素金屬酸根組成之群: [MqHalr]s_, 其中Μ為金屬,且Hal為氟、氯、溴或碘,q&r為正整 數且指示錯合物之化學計量,且s為正整數且指示錯合 物之電荷; 124379.doc -38- 200826121 •由以下:It式之硫離子、硫化氫離子、多硫離子、多硫 化氫離子及硫醇根組成之群: S2-、HS·、[Sv]2.、[HSv]·、[Ras]·, 其中v為2至1〇之正整數; •由錯合金屬離子組成之群’諸如Fe(CN)63-、Fe(CN)64· 、Mn04-、Fe(CO)4- 〇 • 此處,彼此獨立之Ra、Rb、Rc&Rd各自為氫、(^(^烷 p 基、視情況經一或多個非相鄰氧及/或硫原子及/或一或多 個經取代或未經取代之亞胺基穿插之C2_Ci8烷基、C6_CM 芳基、C^Ci2環烷基或具有氧、氮及/或硫原子之五員或六 員雜環,該等基團之兩者可能—起形成視情況經—或多個 氧及/或硫原子及/或一或多個未經取代或經取代之亞胺基 穿插的不飽和、飽和或芳族環;在各狀況下該等基因可 能另外經官能基、芳基、院基、芳氧基、烧氧基、_素、 雜原子及/或雜環取代。 CJ 此處,視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧 基、鹵素、雜原子及/或雜環取代之Ci_C!8烷基例如為甲 基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、正丁基、第二丁基、第三丁 • 基、戊基、己基、庚基、辛基、2-乙基己基、2,4,4_三曱 ' 基戊基、癸基、十二烷基、十四烷基、十六烷基、十八烷 基、i,i-一甲基丙基、ι,ι·二甲基丁基、m3—四甲基丁 基、苄基、1-苯基乙基、α,α-二甲基苄基、二苯甲基、對 甲苯基甲基、1-(對丁基苯基)乙基、對氯苄基、2,4·二氯 苄基、對甲氧基苄基、間乙氧基苄基、2_氰基乙基、2_氰 124379.doc •39- 200826121 基丙基、2- f氧基羰基乙基、乙氧基羰基乙基、丁氧 基羰基丙基、1,2-二·(甲氧基羰基)乙基、2-甲氧基乙基、 2-乙氧基乙基、2· 丁氧基乙基、二乙氧基甲基、二乙氧基 乙基、1,3-二氧戊環-孓基、i,弘二噁烷-2-基、2-甲基-13-二氧戊環-2-基、4-甲基-i,3-二氧戊環-2·基、2-異丙氧基乙 基、2-丁氧基丙基、2-辛氧基乙基、氯甲基、三氯甲基、 ’ 三氟甲基、丨,1·二甲基-2-氣乙基、2-曱氧基異丙基、2-乙 氧基乙基、丁基硫曱基、2-十二烷基硫乙基、2-苯基硫乙 C : 一 基、2,2,2-三氟乙基、2-羥基乙基、2-羥基丙基、3-羥基丙 基、4-羥基丁基、6_羥基己基、2_胺基乙基、2_胺基丙 基、4-胺基丁基、6-胺基己基、2-甲基-胺基乙基、2-甲基 胺基丙基、3-甲基胺基丙基、4_甲基胺基丁基、6_甲基_胺 基己基、2-二甲基胺基乙基、2-二甲基胺基丙基、3_二曱 基胺基丙基、4-二甲基胺基丁基、6_二甲基胺基己基、2_ 羥基-2,2-二甲基乙基、2-苯氧基_乙基、2-苯氧基丙基、3_ 〇 苯氧基丙基、4_苯氧基丁基、6-苯氧基己基、2-甲氧基乙 基、2-甲氧基丙基、3 -甲氧基丙基、4-曱氧基丁基、6_曱 氧基己基、2-乙氧基乙基、2_乙氧基丙基、弘乙氧基丙 • 基、4_乙氧基丁基或6-乙氧基己基。 ’ 視情況經一或多個非相鄰氧及/或硫原子及/或一或多個 經取代或未經取代之亞胺基穿插的C2_Ci8烷基例如為5•羥 基-3-氧雜戊基、8-羥基-3,6_二氧雜辛基、n_羥基·3,6,9· 三氧雜十一烷基、7-羥基-4-氧雜庚基、η_羥基_4,8_二氧 雜十一烷基、15-羥基-4,8,12-三氧雜_十五烷基、9_羥基-5_ 124379.doc -40- 200826121 氧雜壬基、14_經基·5,1()•氧 戍基、”氧基-3,6-二氧雜辛笑、二基、…基-氧雜 + _^ . f卞基、11-甲氧基_3,6,9-三氧雜Ra0'; a group consisting of halogen metal hydrides of the formula: [MqHalr]s_, where hydrazine is a metal and Hal is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, q&r is a positive integer and indicates the stoichiometry of the complex And s is a positive integer and indicates the charge of the complex; 124379.doc -38- 200826121 • From the following: a group of It-type sulfur ions, hydrogen sulfide ions, polysulfide ions, polysulfide ions, and thiols : S2-, HS·, [Sv]2., [HSv]·, [Ras]·, where v is a positive integer of 2 to 1〇; • a group consisting of mismatched metal ions such as Fe(CN)63 -, Fe(CN)64·, Mn04-, Fe(CO)4- 〇• Here, Ra, Rb, Rc&Rd, which are independent of each other, are each hydrogen, (^(^ alkyl p group, as the case may be) a plurality of non-adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups interspersed with C2_Ci8 alkyl, C6_CM aryl, C^Ci2 cycloalkyl or having oxygen, nitrogen and / or a five or six membered heterocyclic ring of a sulfur atom, either of which may form as appropriate - or multiple oxygen and / or sulfur atoms and / or one or more unsubstituted or substituted Ion-based intercalation of unsaturated a saturated or aromatic ring; in each case the genes may be additionally substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, a aryl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a _ element, a hetero atom and/or a heterocyclic ring. CJ Here, The Ci_C!8 alkyl group substituted by a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkoxy group, a halogen, a hetero atom and/or a hetero ring is, for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, n-Butyl, t-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 2,4,4-tris-ylpentyl, fluorenyl, twelve Alkyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl, i,i-monomethylpropyl, iota, dimethyl butyl, m3-tetramethylbutyl, benzyl, 1 -phenylethyl, α,α-dimethylbenzyl, benzhydryl, p-tolylmethyl, 1-(p-butylphenyl)ethyl, p-chlorobenzyl, 2,4·dichloride Benzyl, p-methoxybenzyl, m-ethoxybenzyl, 2-cyanoethyl, 2-cyano 124379.doc •39- 200826121 propyl, 2-f oxycarbonylethyl, ethoxy Carbonylethyl, butoxycarbonylpropyl, 1,2-di(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl, 2-methoxy , 2-ethoxyethyl, 2·butoxyethyl, diethoxymethyl, diethoxyethyl, 1,3-dioxolan-fluorenyl, i, dioxin 2-yl, 2-methyl-13-dioxolan-2-yl, 4-methyl-i,3-dioxolan-2-yl, 2-isopropoxyethyl, 2-butyl Oxypropyl, 2-octyloxyethyl, chloromethyl, trichloromethyl, 'trifluoromethyl, hydrazine, 1 dimethyl-2-oxoethyl, 2-decyloxyisopropyl , 2-ethoxyethyl, butylthiomethyl, 2-dodecylthioethyl, 2-phenylthioethyl C: monoyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2-hydroxyl Ethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 4-hydroxybutyl, 6-hydroxyhexyl, 2-aminoethyl, 2-aminopropyl, 4-aminobutyl, 6-amine Hexyl, 2-methyl-aminoethyl, 2-methylaminopropyl, 3-methylaminopropyl, 4-methylaminobutyl, 6-methyl-aminohexyl, 2 - dimethylaminoethyl, 2-dimethylaminopropyl, 3-didecylaminopropyl, 4-dimethylaminobutyl, 6-dimethylaminohexyl, 2-hydroxyl -2,2-dimethylethyl, 2-phenoxy-ethyl, 2-phenoxypropyl, 3-phenoxyphene , 4-phenoxybutyl, 6-phenoxyhexyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 4-decyloxybutyl, 6_ Alkoxyhexyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, ethoxypropyl, 4-ethoxybutyl or 6-ethoxyhexyl. 'C2_Ci8 alkyl as interspersed with one or more non-adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups, eg 5 hydroxy-3-oxapentane ,8-hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, n-hydroxy-3,6,9·trioxadecyl, 7-hydroxy-4-oxaheptyl, η-hydroxy_4 ,8-dioxadecyl, 15-hydroxy-4,8,12-trioxa-pentadecyl, 9-hydroxy-5_ 124379.doc -40- 200826121 oxazepine, 14_jing ··5,1()•oxycarbonyl, “oxy-3,6-dioxaoctyl, diyl, ...yl-oxa+ _^. f fluorenyl, 11-methoxy _3, 6,9-trioxa

十烧基、7_曱氧基氧雜洛A + ” , 乳雜庚基、I甲氧基_4,8·二氧雜Decenyl, 7-decyloxyoxalate A + ”, lactoheptyl, Imethoxy-4,8·dioxa

Ο 十::基、15·甲氧基-4,8,12_三氧雜十五烧基、9·甲氧基_ 4雜壬基、㈣氧基_5算氧雜十㈣基、%乙氧基^ 乳雜戍基、8-乙氧基_3,6_二氧雜辛基、u_乙氧基_3,6,9•三 乳雜十一烧基、7-乙氧基_4_氧雜庚基、U-乙氧基二 乳雜十-烧基、15_乙氧基_4,8,12_三氧雜十五烧基、9-乙 减.5·氧雜壬基或丨4_乙氧基_5算氧雜十四烧基。 ★若兩個基團形成環,則一起例如作為稠合基本組份之此 等基團可為1,3-伸丙基、Μ,τ基、2_氧雜妙伸丙基、 1-氧雜-1,3-伸丙基、2_氧雜伸丙婦基、】氮雜-以-伸 丙烯基、l-q-C4烷基-ΐ_氮雜q,%伸丙烯基、Μ-伸丁 二烯基、1-氮雜-1,4-伸丁-1,3-二烯基或2_氮雜_丨,4_伸丁· 1,3-二烯基。 非相鄰氧及/或硫原子及/或亞胺基之數目原則上不受限 制或由基團或環基本組份之尺寸自動限制。通常,在各自 基團中不超過5個,較佳不超過4個或極尤其較佳不超過3 個。此外,通常至少一個,較佳至少兩個碳原子存在於兩 個雜原子之間。 經取代及未經取代之亞胺基可例如為亞胺基、甲基亞胺 基、異丙基亞胺基、正丁基亞胺基或第三丁基亞胺基。 術語”官能基’’應理解為意謂例如以下基團··竣基、m醯 胺基、經基、二(C1-C4炫基)胺基、CrC4燒氧幾基、氰基 124379.doc -41 - 200826121 或C1-C4烧氧基。Ci至C4烧基為曱基、乙基、丙基、異丙 基、正丁基、第二丁基或第三丁基。 視情況經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、鹵 素、雜原子及/或雜環取代之c6-c14芳基例如為苯基、曱笨 基、二甲苯基、α-萘基、β-萘基、4-聯苯基、氯苯基、二 氯苯基、三氯苯基、二氟苯基、曱基苯基、二甲基苯基、 三曱基苯基、乙基-苯基、二乙基苯基、異丙基苯基、第 ^ 三丁基苯基、十二烷基苯基、甲氧基苯基、二甲氧基苯 基、乙氧基苯基、己氧基苯基、甲基萘基、異丙基萘基、 氯萘基、乙氧基萘基、2,6-二曱基苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯 基、2,6·二曱氧基-苯基、2,6-二氯苯基、4-溴苯基、2-或 4·石肖-基本基、2,4_或2,6·二石肖基苯基、4 -二曱基胺基苯 基、4-乙醯基苯基、曱氧基乙基苯基或乙氧基甲基苯基。 視情況經官能基、芳基、烧基、芳氧基、_素、雜原子 及/或雜環取代之環烷基例如為環戊基、環己基、環 Ο 辛基、環十二烷基、曱基環戊基、二曱基環戊基、曱基環 己基、二甲基環己基、二乙基環己基、丁基環己基、曱氧 基環己基、二曱氧基環己基、二乙氧基環己基、丁基硫環 己基、氣環己基、二氯環己基、二氣環戊基及飽和或不飽 . 和二環系統,諸如降搐基或降搐烯基。 具有氧、氮及/或硫原子之五員或六員雜環為(例如)呋喃 基、硫苯基、吼咯基、吡啶基、吲哚基、苯幷噁唑基、間 二氧雜戊烯基、二氧基、苯幷咪唑基、苯幷噻唑基、二曱 基比ϋ疋基、甲基喹啉基、二曱基,比咯基、甲氧基呋喃基、 124379.doc -42- 200826121 二曱氧基咄啶基、二氟吡啶基、甲基硫苯基、異丙基硫苯 基或第三丁基硫苯基。 車又‘之陰離子係選自由齒離子、含函素化合物離子及類 i離子組成之群,選自由二氰胺離子組成之群,選自由羧 ^根'组成之群’選自由硫酸根、亞硫酸根及績酸根組成之 群及選自由磷酸根組成之群。 車乂么之陰離子為氣離子、溴離子、碘離子、SCN-、 f) 〇CN、CN、N(CN)2·、乙酸根、cvc4烷基硫酸根、11、 COO、R S〇3、RaRbp〇4•、甲烷磺酸根、甲苯磺酸根、c「 C4二烷基磷酸根、硫酸氫根或四氯鋁酸根。 尤其較佳之陰離子為SCN-、CH3CH2S04-、N(CN)/或 ch3so3、 开y成至少一種鹽之陽離子及陰離子存在於離子液體中。 極尤其較佳地,本發明之磁流變調配物中所存在之離子 液體的陰離子與陽離子形成至少一種選自由下列各物組成 Ο 之群之鹽:1-丁基_3_甲基咪唑鑌_甲基硫酸鹽、丨_乙基_3· 甲基味嗤鑌乙基硫酸鹽、丨_乙基_3•曱基咪唑鑌-二氰胺、 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鑌正丁基硫酸鹽、丨_乙基-弘甲基咪唑鑌 正己基硫酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唾鑌正辛基硫酸鹽、乙 • 基-3_曱基咪唑鏽硫氰酸鹽、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鏽硫氰酸 鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鏘四氣鋁酸鹽、;μ 丁基_3-曱基味唑 鑌四氣鋁酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鑌乙酸鹽、丨·丁基-3_ 甲基咪唑鑌乙酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基-吡啶鑌乙基硫酸鹽、 1-乙基-3-甲基吡啶鑌九氟丁磺酸鹽、丨_乙基_3·甲基-味唑 124379.doc 43- 200826121 鑌四氟硼酸鹽、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鑌四氟硼酸鹽、卜己 基_3_甲基咪唑鑌四氟硼酸鹽、甲基_3_辛基咪唑鏽四氟 侧酸鹽、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑鑌六氟-磷酸鹽、乙基甲 基咪唑鑌六-氟-構酸鹽、1 ·己基_3_甲基咪唑鑌六氟磷酸 鹽、甲基二辛基-銨雙(二貌甲基石黃醯基)醯亞胺、乙基_3_ 甲基咪唑鑌2_(2-甲氧基乙氧基)·乙基硫酸鹽、卜乙基-弘甲Ο Ten:: base, 15·methoxy-4,8,12_trioxahodecyl, 9·methoxy-4-pyridinyl, (tetra)oxy_5 oxaxo(tetra)yl, % Ethoxy ethoxylate, 8-ethoxy-3-3,6-dioxaoctyl, u-ethoxy-3-3,6,9•trisuccinyl, 7-ethoxy _4_oxaheptyl, U-ethoxydi-milk-alkyl, 15-ethoxylatyl, 4,8,12-trioxapentanyl, 9-ethyl-5.oxa Mercapto or 丨4_ethoxy_5 is an oxatetradecyl group. ★ If two groups form a ring, such groups as, for example, a fused basic component may be 1,3-propenyl, fluorene, τ, 2, oxy, propyl, 1-oxy Hetero-1,3-propanyl, 2-oxo-propenyl, aza----propenyl, lq-C4 alkyl-hydrazine-aza q,%-extended propylene, hydrazine-extension Dienyl, 1-aza-1,4-exetylene-1,3-dienyl or 2-aza-indole, 4-indene 1,3-dienyl. The number of non-adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or imine groups is in principle not limited or automatically limited by the size of the radical or ring basic component. Usually, no more than 5, preferably no more than 4 or very particularly preferably no more than 3 in the respective groups. Furthermore, usually at least one, preferably at least two, carbon atoms are present between the two heteroatoms. The substituted and unsubstituted imido group may, for example, be an imido group, a methylimino group, an isopropylimino group, a n-butylimino group or a tert-butylimine group. The term "functional group" is understood to mean, for example, the following groups: thiol, m amide, thio, bis(C1-C4 leu) amine, CrC4 alkoxy, cyano 124379.doc -41 - 200826121 or C1-C4 alkoxy. Ci to C4 alkyl is decyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl or tert-butyl. The aryl, alkyl, aryloxy, alkoxy, halogen, hetero atom and/or heterocyclic substituted c6-c14 aryl group is, for example, phenyl, indolyl, xylyl, a-naphthyl, β -naphthyl, 4-biphenylyl, chlorophenyl, dichlorophenyl, trichlorophenyl, difluorophenyl, nonylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, tridecylphenyl, ethyl-benzene , diethylphenyl, isopropylphenyl, 1,3-butylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, methoxyphenyl, dimethoxyphenyl, ethoxyphenyl, hexyloxy Phenyl, methylnaphthyl, isopropylnaphthyl, chloronaphthyl, ethoxynaphthyl, 2,6-didecylphenyl, 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, 2,6 Dioxyloxy-phenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 4-bromophenyl, 2- or 4-oxacholine-based, 2,4- or 2,6· Pentylphenyl, 4-didecylaminophenyl, 4-ethenylphenyl, nonyloxyethylphenyl or ethoxymethylphenyl. Optionally, functional group, aryl group, alkyl group, The aryloxy, _, hetero, and/or heterocyclic substituted cycloalkyl group is, for example, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cyclodecyloctyl group, a cyclododecyl group, a nonylcyclopentyl group, a diindenylcyclopentyl group. Base, mercaptocyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, diethylcyclohexyl, butylcyclohexyl, nonyloxycyclohexyl, dimethoxycyclohexyl, diethoxycyclohexyl, butylthiocyclohexyl, Cyclohexyl, dichlorocyclohexyl, dicyclopentyl pentyl and saturated or unsaturated and bicyclic systems such as norborne or norbornyl. Five or six members with oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur atoms The heterocyclic ring is, for example, a furyl group, a thiophenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a pyridyl group, a fluorenyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an dioxopentenyl group, a dioxy group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzothiazole group. Base, dimercaptopurinyl, methyl quinolyl, diindenyl, pyrrolyl, methoxyfuranyl, 124379.doc -42- 200826121 dimethoxy acridinyl, difluoropyridyl, methyl Thiophenyl, isopropylthiophenyl or tert-butylthiophenyl. The anion of the car is selected from the group consisting of a tooth ion, a functional element ion and an i-like ion, selected from the group consisting of dicyandiamide ions. The group selected from the group consisting of carboxy roots is selected from the group consisting of sulfate, sulfite and acid phosphate and the group consisting of phosphate. The anion of ruthenium is gas ion, bromide ion, iodide ion. , SCN-, f) 〇CN, CN, N(CN)2·, acetate, cvc4 alkyl sulfate, 11, COO, RS〇3, RaRbp〇4•, methanesulfonate, tosylate, c” C4 dialkyl phosphate, hydrogen sulfate or tetrachloroaluminate. Particularly preferred anions are SCN-, CH3CH2S04-, N(CN)/ or ch3so3, cations and anions which are open to y at least one salt are present in the ionic liquid. Very particularly preferably, the anion and cation of the ionic liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation of the invention form at least one salt selected from the group consisting of: 1-butyl_3_methylimidazolium _Methyl sulfate, 丨_ethyl_3·Methyl misoethyl sulfate, 丨_ethyl_3• Mercaptoimidazole-dicyanamide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium n-Butyl sulphate, 丨_ethyl-Hongmethylimidazolium hexyl hexyl sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imipenem n-octyl sulphate, ethyl benzyl 3-hydrazinium sulphide Cyanate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium rust thiocyanate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraaluminate, μ butyl-3-3-mercapto oxazolidine Aeroaluminate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate, 丨·butyl-3_methylimidazolium acetate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-pyridinium ethyl sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium nonafluorobutanesulfonate, 丨_ethyl_3·methyl-isoxazole 124379.doc 43- 200826121 镔tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methyl Imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, hexyl _3_methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, methyl _3_octyl imidazole rust tetrafluoro side Acid salt, 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate, ethylmethylimidazolium hexa-fluoro-acid salt, 1 ·hexyl_3_methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, A Di-octyl-ammonium double (dimorphic methyl sulphate) quinone imine, ethyl _3_methylimidazolium 2_(2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl sulfate, ethyl ethyl

υ 基咪唑鑌二乙基磷酸鹽、參(2_羥基乙基)·甲基銨甲基硫酸 鹽及1-乙基-3-甲基味嗤錯硫酸氫鹽。 可磁化粒子存在於本發明之磁流變調配物中。此等可磁 化粒子可為先前技術中已知之任何所需可磁化粒子。 本發明之磁流變調配物中所存在之可磁化粒子具有〇1 至5〇〇 μΠ1,較佳0.1至100 Pm,尤其較佳丨至⑼μιη之平均 直徑。可磁化粒子之形狀可均一或不規則。舉例而言,其 可為球狀、桿狀或針狀粒子。較佳使用實質上球形之可磁 化粒子。近似球狀粒子可例如藉由霧化熔融金屬(霧化粉 來獲得。 對本發明而言,亦可能使用可磁化粒子,尤其具有不同 粒度分布及/或包含不同材料之可磁化粒子的混合物。 本發明之磁流變調配物較佳包含選自由含鐵粒子、 :子St粒子組成之群之可磁化粒子。此等粒子例如為 鐵、鐵合金、鐵氧化物、亞確酸鐵、碳化鐵、、 錄、銘、不鏞鋼、石夕鋼、合金或其混合 亦可存在包含(例如仁氧化 可磁化粒子可呈古、;^ g , ”有I層,例如,可使用經絕緣或防腐無 124379.doc -44 - 200826121 機物質(例如矽酸鹽、磷酸鹽、氧化物、碳化物或氮化 物)、其他金屬或至少一種聚合物塗佈之鐵紛。 根據本發明之一尤其較佳實施例,羰基鐵粉(CIP)粒子 作為可磁化粒子存在於磁流變調配物中。羰基鐵粉較佳藉 由分解五羰基鐵來製備。各種類型之CIP為熟習此項技術 者所知。除自熱沈積法獲得之硬CIP類型外,亦可使用減 Ο Ο 小之Μ基鐵粉。該等粉末磨損性較小且機械上更軟。表面 處理之^型以夕種方式自硬及減小之CIP種類獲得。雖然 最通用之經處理之羰基鐵粉係經矽酸鹽或磷酸鹽塗佈,但 亦可獲得其他改質。區分㈣鐵粉之另—標準為粒子之各 自尺寸刀4 ’其可對效能特性產生相當大之影響。經分散 之羰基鐵粉粒子較佳具有1至30 _之平均直徑。原則上, 所有敢基鐵粉種類均適合於本發明。精確選擇視本發明之 磁流變調配物的使用條件而定。 在本發明之磁流戀纲献此a 机蔓凋配物中,可磁化粒子較佳以用磁流 變調配物之總重| 片50 Wt/Q至9〇 wt%,尤其較佳7〇〜1%至 88 wt%之比例存在。 根據本發明之_燮㈣,队私 _ 夂體除離子液體外,磁流變調配物包 含至少一種添加劑0兮、、天今丨a 、 …5亥添加劑較佳選自由下列各物組成之 群·觸變劑、點_ ^貝蜊、增稠劑、分散劑、表面活性添 口诏、抗氧化劑、増滑劑/潤滑劑及腐蝕抑制劑。 黏度改質劍可i、、A , 蜊或聚合添加劑,其可溶於離子液體 且改备:調配物之斑 ―、又。舉例而言,極性溶劑(諸如水、丙 酮、乙腈、低分子旦1 刀里醇類、胺類、醯胺類、DMF或DMSO) 124379.doc -45· 200826121 或系a添加劑(諸如未經改質或經改質之多醣、聚丙烯酸 酯類及聚脲類)為合適的。 右本發明之磁流變調配物包含充當黏度改質劑之添加 劑’則此等添加劑較佳以用各狀況下離子液體與添加劑之 總重量計0·01至49 wt%,尤其較佳(^丨至川wt%,尤其 〇·〇5至10 wt%之濃度存在。 觸變劑為建立流動極限且因此抵消磁流變調配物中所存 f 在之液體中可磁化粒子之沈降的添加劑。本發明之磁流變 調配物可包含(例如)至少一種選自由下列各物組成之群之 觸、又剤·天然及合成蒙脫石類型層狀矽酸鹽(若適當,疏 水丨生改貝之層狀石夕酸鹽’例如微晶高嶺石類型,如W〇 01/03150 A1中揭示)、矽膠或(非晶形)分散二氧化矽(如us 5,667,715中揭示)、纖維狀矽酸鹽(例如微米尺寸化海泡石 及綠坡縷石)、碳粒子(如us 5,354,488中揭示)及聚脲類(如 DE 196 54 461 A1中揭示)。亦可能使用基於聚合碳水化合 〇 物之觸變劑,例如黃原膠-半乳甘露聚糖衍生物、瓜爾衍 生物及陰離子或非離子纖維素醚或澱粉醚。 可使用之層狀矽酸鹽之實例為膨潤土、蒙脫石、鋰蒙脫 石或合成層狀矽酸鹽,諸如來自Rockwood Additives Ltd 之Laponite⑧及其疏水性改質之變體。因為磁流變調配物 中所存在之液體的極性非常高(歸因於離子液體之特徵), 所以可能使用(例如)導致可磁化粒子沈降減少之簡單層狀 石夕酸鹽增稠劑。因此,使用經疏水性改質且因此適於疏水 性基貝油之層狀石夕酸鹽為可能但非絕對必需的。 124379.doc •46· 200826121 右本發明之磁流變調配物包含充當觸變劑之添加劑,則 此專添加剤較佳以用各狀況下磁流變調配物計〇 · 〇 1至1 〇 wt%,尤其較佳0.01至5 wt%,尤其wt%之濃度存 在。 _ 分散劑為一種改良磁流變調配物中所存在之液體中可磁 化粒子沈降後之再分散性且預防其凝聚的添加劑。由於離 • 子液體之極性特徵,本發明之磁流變調配物之液體中具有 ζΛ 親水表面之可磁化粒子(例如鐵粒子)不需要分散劑即可分 散。在此狀況下,例如在長期或連續應力後且歸因於分散 劑而產生之磁流變調配物的化學或物理變化則不會發生。 然而,以下分散劑亦可用於本發明之磁流變調配物中:例 如聚合分散劑,諸如多醣、聚丙烯酸酯類、聚酯類,尤其 聚羥基硬脂酸、酸醇樹脂、長鏈烷氧基化物及此外聚氧化 烯,諸如來自BASF AG之Pluroni,(其為聚氧化乙烯/聚氧 化丙烯/聚氧化乙烯嵌段共聚物及聚氧化丙烯/聚氧化乙烯/ 〇 聚氧化丙烯嵌段共聚物)。此外,可能之分散劑為陰離 子、%離子、兩性及非離子型界面活性劑,其為熟習此項 技術者所知且不必再明確提及。糖界面活性劑及醇之烷氧 • 基化物可作為非離子型界面活性劑之實例,羧酸根(例如 油酸根及硬脂酸根)、烷基硫酸根、烷基醚硫酸根、烷基 磷酸根、烷基醚磷酸根及烷磺酸根之陰離子可作為陰離子 型界面活性劑之實例,且烷基胺氧化物可作為兩性或兩性 離子型界面活性劑之實例。 若本發明之磁流變調配物包含充當分散劑之添加劑,則 124379.doc -47- 200826121 此等添加劑之較佳含量分別占磁流變調配物之〇〇1至5 wt% ’尤其較佳為0.05至1 wt%。 本發明之磁流變調配物可視情況包含其他添加劑,例如 防滑劑(諸如鐵氟龍(Teflon)粉末、亞硫酸鉬或石墨粉)、腐 敍抑制劑、抗磨添加劑及抗氧化劑。 根據本發明之一較佳實施例,在乃^下,磁流變調配物 中所存在之離子液體具有<5〇〇〇 mPa.s,較佳<1〇⑼Mercaptoimidazolium diethylphosphate, ginseng (2-hydroxyethyl)-methylammonium methylsulfate and 1-ethyl-3-methyl misoprostium hydrogensulfate. Magnetizable particles are present in the magnetorheological formulations of the present invention. These magnetizable particles can be any desired magnetizable particles known in the prior art. The magnetizable particles present in the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention have a mean diameter of from 1 to 5 Å μΠ1, preferably from 0.1 to 100 μm, particularly preferably from 丨 to (9) μηη. The shape of the magnetizable particles may be uniform or irregular. For example, it may be a spherical, rod-shaped or acicular particle. It is preferred to use substantially spherical magnetizable particles. Approximate spherical particles can be obtained, for example, by atomizing molten metal (atomized powder. For the purposes of the invention it is also possible to use magnetizable particles, in particular mixtures of magnetizable particles having different particle size distributions and/or comprising different materials. The magnetorheological formulation of the invention preferably comprises magnetizable particles selected from the group consisting of iron-containing particles and : St particles. Such particles are, for example, iron, iron alloys, iron oxides, iron sulphate, iron carbide, Recording, Ming, stainless steel, Shishi steel, alloy or a mixture thereof may also be present (for example, the oxidized magnetizable particles may be ancient, ; g, "I have a layer, for example, may be insulated or corrosion-resistant without 124379 .doc -44 - 200826121 Mechanical substances (such as phthalates, phosphates, oxides, carbides or nitrides), other metals or at least one polymer coated iron. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention The carbonyl iron powder (CIP) particles are present as magnetizable particles in the magnetorheological formulation. The carbonyl iron powder is preferably prepared by decomposing iron pentacarbonyl. Various types of CIP are known to those skilled in the art. In addition to the hard CIP type obtained by the deposition method, the ruthenium-based ruthenium-based iron powder can also be used. The powders are less abrasive and mechanically softer. The surface treatment type is self-hardening and reducing in the form of eve. The CIP type is obtained. Although the most common treated carbonyl iron powder is coated with bismuth citrate or phosphate, other modifications can be obtained. Differentiating (4) The other standard of iron powder is the particle size of the knife 4 ' It can have a considerable influence on the performance characteristics. The dispersed carbonyl iron powder particles preferably have an average diameter of 1 to 30 Å. In principle, all types of bristles are suitable for the present invention. The rheological formulation is determined by the conditions of use of the rheological formulation. In the magnetic flux of the present invention, the magnetizable particles are preferably used to total the weight of the magnetorheological formulation | sheet 50 Wt/Q to 9〇wt%, particularly preferably 7〇~1% to 88 wt%, is present. According to the invention, the magnetic rheology formulation comprises at least one additive, in addition to the ionic liquid. , Tianjin 丨a, ... 5 hai additives are preferably selected from the group consisting of the following: Thixotropic agents, dots _ ^ shellfish, thickeners, dispersants, surface active gargles, antioxidants, lubricants / lubricants and corrosion inhibitors. Viscosity-modified swords can i, A, 蜊 or polymerization Additives, which are soluble in ionic liquids and are modified: spots of the formulation - and, for example, polar solvents (such as water, acetone, acetonitrile, low molecular weight 1 sulphur alcohols, amines, guanamines, DMF or DMSO) 124379.doc -45· 200826121 or an additive such as unmodified or modified polysaccharides, polyacrylates and polyureas. The magnetic rheology formulation of the present invention is right. Including an additive serving as a viscosity modifier, such additives are preferably from 0. 01 to 49 wt%, based on the total weight of the ionic liquid and the additive in each case, particularly preferably (^丨至川wt%, especially 〇· 〇 5 to 10 wt% of concentration is present. The thixotropic agent is an additive that establishes a flow limit and thus counteracts the settling of magnetizable particles in the liquid in the magnetorheological formulation. The magnetorheological formulation of the present invention may comprise, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of: a mixture of natural and synthetic smectite-type layered bismuth salts (if appropriate, hydrophobically modified a layered agglomerate such as a microcrystalline kaolinite type, as disclosed in W〇01/03150 A1, tannin or (amorphous) dispersed cerium oxide (as disclosed in us 5,667,715), fibrous bismuth citrate For example, micronized sepiolite and attapulgite), carbon particles (as disclosed in US 5,354,488) and polyureas (as disclosed in DE 196 54 461 A1). It is also possible to use a thixotropic agent based on a polymeric carbohydrate compound, such as a xanthan gum-galactomannan derivative, a guar derivative, and an anionic or nonionic cellulose ether or starch ether. Examples of layered phthalates which may be used are bentonite, montmorillonite, hectorite or synthetic layered silicates such as Laponite 8 from Rockwood Additives Ltd and its hydrophobically modified variants. Because the polarity of the liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation is very high (due to the characteristics of the ionic liquid), it is possible to use, for example, a simple layered sulphate thickener that results in reduced sedimentation of the magnetizable particles. Therefore, it is possible, but not absolutely necessary, to use a layered alumite which is hydrophobically modified and thus suitable for hydrophobic base oil. 124379.doc •46· 200826121 The magnetorheological formulation of the present invention comprises an additive serving as a thixotropic agent, and this special addition is preferably used to calculate the magnetorheological formulation in each case 〇·〇1 to 1 〇wt %, especially preferably from 0.01 to 5% by weight, in particular by weight, is present. _ Dispersant is an additive that improves the redispersibility of the magnetizable particles in the liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation after sedimentation and prevents coagulation. Due to the polar character of the liquid, the magnetizable particles (e.g., iron particles) having a hydrophilic surface in the liquid of the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention can be dispersed without a dispersing agent. Under such conditions, chemical or physical changes in the magnetorheological formulation resulting from, for example, long-term or continuous stress and due to the dispersant will not occur. However, the following dispersants can also be used in the magnetorheological formulations of the present invention: for example polymeric dispersants such as polysaccharides, polyacrylates, polyesters, especially polyhydroxystearic acid, acid alcohol resins, long chain alkoxylates a complex and further a polyoxyalkylene such as Pluroni from BASF AG, which is a polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block copolymer and a polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene/germanium polyoxypropylene block copolymer ). Furthermore, it is possible that the dispersing agents are anionic, %ionic, amphoteric and nonionic surfactants, which are known to those skilled in the art and need not be explicitly mentioned. Sugar surfactants and alcohol alkoxylates can be used as examples of nonionic surfactants, carboxylates (such as oleate and stearate), alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl phosphates An anion of an alkyl ether phosphate and an alkanesulfonate can be exemplified as an anionic surfactant, and an alkylamine oxide can be exemplified as an amphoteric or zwitterionic surfactant. If the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention comprises an additive which acts as a dispersing agent, the preferred content of such additives is preferably from 1 to 5 wt% of the magnetorheological formulation, respectively. It is 0.05 to 1 wt%. The magnetorheological formulations of the present invention may optionally contain other additives such as anti-slip agents (such as Teflon powder, molybdenum sulfite or graphite powder), antiseptic inhibitors, antiwear additives and antioxidants. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ionic liquid present in the magnetorheological formulation has <5〇〇〇 mPa.s, preferably <1〇(9)

p mPa.S,尤其較佳<200 之運動黏度(較佳根據mN 5 1562或ISO 3105使用來自8〇11抓之5〇1型烏氏黏度計 (Ubbelohde viscometer)來量測)。此外,在_3〇。〇下,磁流 變調配物之離子液體較佳具有<20000 mPa.s,尤其較佳 <10000 mPa.s,極尤其較佳<20〇〇 mPa.s之黏度。 此外,本發明係關於一種用於製備杨明之磁流變調配 物之方法,其係將可磁化粒子分散於包含包括陰離子及陽 離子之離子液體的液體中。 〇 舉,該製備係^最初獲㈣子液體且若適當提供 添加劑之方式來實現。在離子液體與磁流變調配物:其他 μ份混合之前’可將其加熱以減小其黏度。為製備磁流變 調配物’將可磁化粒子分散於包含離子液體之液體中。狹 @ ’或者可能將可磁化粒子攪拌至離子液體中且最好此後 添:添加劑。磁流變調配物之均質化係例如借助於合適授 半單70來實現。視情況在減壓下使所得磁η 斤 〜主「优所侍磁流變調配物脫 氣0 此外,本發明係關於本發明 十知θ之磁流變調配物用於可控設 124379.doc -48- 200826121 備之用途,該等可控設備諸如為減震器、離合器、制動器 或其他裝置,諸如尤其為觸覺裝置、碰撞減震器、線控轉 向系統、線控齒輪系統或線控制動系統、密封裝置、保持 系統、修補物、配合裝置或軸承。 【實施方式】 參考實例,在下文更詳細地說明本發明。 A)本發明之磁流變調配物之三個實例及一比較實例 實例1 : (1 磁流變調配物由19·5 wt%之EMIM EtS04(l-乙基-3_甲基 咪唑鏽乙基硫酸鹽)、0.5 wt%層狀矽酸鹽(來自Rockwood Additives Ltd之Laponit® RDS)作為觸變劑及80 wt%之來自 BASF AG之羰基鐵粉SQ作為可磁化粒子組成。 實例2 : 磁流變調配物由22.34 wt°/〇之1·乙基-3-甲基咪唑鏘硫氰 酸鹽、0_66 wt%之來自Rockwood Additives Ltd之層狀石夕酸 鹽Laponite® RDS作為觸變劑及77 wt%之平均粒徑為4 μιη 之羰基鐵粉作為可磁化粒子組成。 實例3 : 23 wt%之1_乙基-3-曱基咪唑鑌硫氰酸鹽及77 wt% 之來自BASF AG之ON型羰基鐵粉作為可磁化粒子。 比較實例·· 23 wt%之來自BASF AG之聚-α-烯烴Durasyn® DS 192及77 wt%之來自BASF AG之ON型羰基鐵粉。 磁流變調配物之性質列於表1及2中。 表1包含在無磁場情況下在不同溫度(-3 0 °C及25 °C)及剪 切速率(10 s·1及100 s-1)下及在磁場(磁通量密度為〇.7 T)下 124379.doc -49- 200826121 在25°C及1 s·1下磁流變調配物的剪切應力τ。 磁场下調配物之流變學特徵在來自Anton Paar GmbH之 商業流變儀Physica MCR501中實現,該流變儀裝備有同樣 來自Anton Paar GmbH之磁性量測單元MRD 180/1 T。量測 係在具有作為標準提供之20 mm直徑轉子的板-板排列中實 現,且板距為0.3 mm。使用來自F.W· Bell之高斯計(Gauss rneter)(9500型,探針RW· BeU 1χ)來實現用於測定磁通量 ζ) 在度之具有樣品之磁性量測單元的校準。在樣品安裝後, 只現ϊ測單元的完全退磁。為建立可重現量測條件,在各 里测刚將樣品在10 s·1之剪切速率下預剪切2〇 s,接著l〇 S 之质止階段。在給定螺線管電流強度下,進行各種剪切速 率(例如0.1、1、10、100 s 1)。10 s之持續時間之後,獲取 量測值。假定牛頓液體來計算該等剪切應力。. 無磁場情況下調配物之流變學特徵係在直徑為40 mm且 錐角為2。之錐及板幾何形狀(來自Th_〇 Haake之 ϋ Rheostress 150流變儀)中實現。量測模式受剪切應力控 制,且剪切應力之步驟進行 卜 τ 1 s之持績時間(典型剪切應力 範圍為0·〇5至25〇〇 Pa)且繪出、、☆ 门 3^丨I·動曲線圖。自該曲線讀出 屬於剪切速率10S_i及之剪切應力。 124379.doc -50. 200826121 表1p mPa.S, especially preferably <200 kinematic viscosity (preferably measured according to mN 5 1562 or ISO 3105 using a 5〇1 Ubbelohde viscometer). Also, at _3〇. The ionic liquid of the magnetorheological formulation preferably has a <20000 mPa.s, particularly preferably < 10000 mPa.s, and particularly preferably a viscosity of <20 〇〇 mPa.s. Further, the present invention relates to a method for producing a magnetic rheology formulation of Yang Ming by dispersing magnetizable particles in a liquid containing an ionic liquid including an anion and a cation. In other words, the preparation system is initially obtained by obtaining a (iv) sub-liquid and providing an additive as appropriate. The ionic liquid can be heated to reduce its viscosity before it is mixed with the magnetorheological formulation: other μ parts. To prepare a magnetorheological formulation, the magnetizable particles are dispersed in a liquid containing an ionic liquid. Narrowly @' or it may be possible to stir the magnetizable particles into the ionic liquid and preferably add: an additive. Homogenization of the magnetorheological formulation is achieved, for example, by means of a suitable semi-single 70. According to the situation, the obtained magnetic η 〜 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 主 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外 此外-48- 200826121 For use, such as shock absorbers, clutches, brakes or other devices, such as in particular haptic devices, crash dampers, steer-by-wire systems, wire-controlled gear systems or line control System, sealing device, holding system, prosthesis, fitting device or bearing. [Embodiment] The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. A) Three examples of a magnetorheological formulation of the invention and a comparative example Example 1: (1 Magnetorheological formulation consisting of 19.5 wt% of EMIT EtS04 (l-ethyl-3_methylimidazolium rust ethyl sulfate), 0.5 wt% layered niobate (from Rockwood Additives Ltd) Laponit® RDS) as a thixotropic agent and 80 wt% of carbonyl iron powder SQ from BASF AG as magnetizable particles. Example 2: Magnetorheological formulation from 22.34 wt ° / 1 1 · ethyl-3- Methylimidazolium thiocyanate, 0_66 wt% from Rockwood Additives Lt The layered Lithium® RDS of d is used as a thixotropic agent and 77 wt% of carbonyl iron powder having an average particle diameter of 4 μη as a magnetizable particle. Example 3: 23 wt% of 1-ethyl-3- Mercaptoimidazolium thiocyanate and 77 wt% of ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG as magnetizable particles. Comparative Example·· 23 wt% of poly-α-olefins from BASF AG Durasyn® DS 192 and 77 Wt% of ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG. The properties of magnetorheological formulations are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Table 1 contains different temperatures (-3 0 °C and 25 °C) in the absence of magnetic field. And shear rate (10 s·1 and 100 s-1) and under magnetic field (magnetic flux density 〇.7 T) 124379.doc -49- 200826121 at 25 ° C and 1 s·1 magnetorheological distribution The shear stress of the object τ. The rheological properties of the formulation under magnetic field were achieved in a commercial rheometer Physica MCR501 from Anton Paar GmbH equipped with a magnetic measuring unit MRD 180/ also from Anton Paar GmbH. 1 T. The measurement system was realized in a plate-to-plate arrangement with a 20 mm diameter rotor supplied as standard, with a plate spacing of 0.3 mm. Using a Gauss meter from FW· Bell ( Gauss rneter) (Model 9500, probe RW·BeU 1χ) to achieve calibration of the magnetic measurement unit with sample for measuring magnetic flux 在). After the sample is installed, only the complete demagnetization of the unit is detected. In order to establish reproducible measurement conditions, the sample was pre-sheared for 2 〇 s at a shear rate of 10 s·1 in each measurement, followed by a stop phase of l 〇 S. Various shear rates (e.g., 0.1, 1, 10, 100 s 1) are given at a given solenoid current level. After 10 s duration, the measured value is obtained. The Newtonian liquid is assumed to calculate the shear stress. The rheological properties of the formulation in the absence of a magnetic field are 40 mm in diameter and 2 taper angles. The cone and plate geometry (from Th_〇 Haake's ϋ Rheostress 150 rheometer) is implemented. The measurement mode is controlled by shear stress, and the step of shear stress is performed for the retention time of the τ 1 s (typical shear stress range is 0·〇5 to 25〇〇Pa) and plotted, ☆ door 3^丨I·moving graph. Read from this curve is the shear rate 10S_i and the shear stress. 124379.doc -50. 200826121 Table 1

實例 實例2 實例3 比較實例 η · d ·=因為即刻分離發生而未能测定 28天後 表2包含關於在-40°C下之流動行為、再分散性 再分散性及油分離之資料。EXAMPLES Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example η · d · = Since the immediate separation occurred and could not be determined after 28 days Table 2 contains information on flow behavior, redispersibility, redispersibility and oil separation at -40 °C.

測試方法之說明: Ο 表2 : -40°C下流動行為 再分散性 2000 g ; 15 min 28天後再分散性 28天後油分離 [%] 實例1 0 + 11 實例2 ++ ++ 15 實例3 + 0 + 35 比較實例 n.d. — 50 n.d.=因為即刻分離發生而未能測定 a) -40°C下之流動行為 在具有螺帽之玻璃瓶中將調配物冷卻至-40°C。此外, 在將該玻璃瓶斜置約130。之後評估流動行為。確定水平液 體水平面在玻璃瓶中再次形成之速度。 ++ :快速流動(低黏度) + :緩慢流動(黏性) 0 :極緩流動(黏稠) -:固體 b)再分散性(2000 g ; 15 min) 124379.doc -51- 200826121 在離心機中以4000巧瓜離心磁流變調配物。此處離心力 為重力加速度之2〇〇〇倍。離心之後,測試沈降物之再分散 性。為達成此目的,將實驗室刮勺插入沈降物中(至容器 底部上方3 mm)且旋轉180。。定性評估抵抗刮勺移動而起 作用之阻力: ++··阻力極低(非常易於再分散) + ·阻力低(易於再分散) (' 〇:阻力高(可再分散) -:阻力非常高(難再分散) —:刮勺幾乎不旋轉(不可再分散) c) 28天後再分散性: 將磁流變調配物填充至具有螺帽之玻璃瓶中達5 cm之高 度。28天後,將實驗室刮勺插入調配物中至容器底部上方 3 mm且旋轉180。。定性評估抵抗刮勺移動而起作用之阻 力: (J ++ :阻力極低(非常易於再分散) + ··阻力低(易於再分散) 〇:阻力高(可再分散) -··阻力非常高(難再分散) —:刮勺幾乎不旋轉(不可再分散) d) 油分離: 將磁流變調配物填充至具有螺帽之帶刻度試管中 後在20°C下以百分率讀出油分離。 B)因加熱而質量損失之實驗及比較實驗 124379.doc -52- 200826121 使在-40 °C下可流動且具有不同液體組份之三種磁流變 調配物(其中一者為本發明之磁流變調配物)經受熱重分析 (TGA)且在空氣中以5°C /min之速率加熱至250°C (設備為 Netzsch STA 449C)。獲得該三種調配物之以下質量損失: 基質液體 重量損失 △m 在高溫下使用之評估 i)聚-α-烯烴(Durasyn 162) -5.3%(30〇C 至 250。〇 不合適 ii)矽油(WackerDM5) _2.0%(30°C 至 250°C) 不合適 iii)離子液體: 1 -乙基-3-甲基咪唑鏽甲基硫 酸鹽 -0.9%(30°C 至 250°C) 合適 所研究之三種磁流變調配物具有以下組成: i) 9.38 wt% 之聚-α-烯烴(來自 BASF AG 之 Durasyn® DS192)及90 wt%之來自BASF AG之ON型羰基鐵粉及 0.40 wt%之分散劑 Disperbyk DB 108 (Byk-Chemie) + 0.24 wt%之Bentone SD 3(Elementis Specialties); ii) 16.65 wt%之聚二甲基矽氧烷 Wacker DM5 + 83 wt% 之 來自BASF AG之SQ型羰基鐵粉+0.35 wt%之Bentone i) SD3 ; iii) 19·5 wt%之1-乙基_3-甲基咪唑鏽乙基硫酸鹽及80 wt% 之來自BASF AG之SQ型羰基鐵粉作為可磁化粒子及 0.5 wt%之來自Rockwood Additives Ltd之片狀石夕酸鹽 Laponite® SD3作為觸變劑。 C)在低含篁魏基鐵粉(CIP)(約80 wt%)下針對剪切應力之 實驗及比較實驗 實驗係在25°C下10 s·1之剪切應力下進行。 124379.doc -53- 200826121 a) 本發明之磁流變調配物之實驗:22.34 wt%之1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鑌硫氰酸鹽及77 wt%之羥基鐵粉作為可磁 化粒子及0.66 wt%之來自Rockwood Additives Ltd之層 狀石夕酸鹽Laponite® RDS作為觸變劑。 b) 第一比較實驗:17.75 wt%之聚二甲基矽氧烷Wacker DM5及82 wt%之來自BASF AG之ON型羰基鐵粉及0·25 wt%之Bentone SD3 〇 c) 第二比較實驗:18.67 wt%之聚-α-烯烴(十二烷之二聚 體)及80 wt%之來自BASF AG之ON型羰基鐵粉及0.66 wt%之分散劑Borchi Gen BG 911 (Borchers GmbH)及 0.67 wt%之層狀石夕酸鹽Bentone SD3。 磁感應/T a)剪切應力/kPa b)剪切應力/kPa c)剪切應力/kPa 0.00 0.0122 0.0511 0.00320 0.05 1 0.762 0.469 0.10 3.16 2.61 1.35 0.20 10.6 8.85 4.23 0.30 20.7 18 8.5 0.40 33.0 26 13.4 0.50 45.7 35.3 18.1 0.60 59 43.5 22.4 0.70 70 50.4 26.1 0.80 75.9 54.8 29.5 0.90 80.1 56.5 31.6 1.00 82.6 58.1 33.1 D)適於本發明之磁流變調配物之各種離子液蜜 1的黏度 離子液體 以上為液體 [°C] 黏度,20°c [mPa.s] 1-丁基-3-曱基咪唑鏽甲基硫酸鹽 <-20 214 1 ·乙基-3-曱基咪唑鏽乙基硫酸鹽 <-20 122 1-乙基-3-甲基啦坐鏽二氰胺 <-20 22 1 -乙基-3-甲基咪唑鏽正丁基硫酸鹽 24 173 1 -乙基-3-曱基咪唑鐳正己基硫酸鹽 7 371 1 -乙基甲基咪唑鐺正辛基硫酸鹽 -9 471 1 -乙基-3- ψ基咪唑鐘硫氰酸鹽 <-20 22 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鑌硫氰酸鹽 <20 54 124379.doc -54- 200826121 1 -乙基-3-甲基咪唑鏽四氯鋁酸鹽 9 26 1 - 丁基-3-甲基咪唑鏽四氯鋁酸鹽 -10 32 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鏽乙酸鹽 <20 93 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鏽乙酸鹽 <20 554 1 -乙基-3-甲基吡啶鏽乙基硫酸鹽 <-65 152 1-乙基-3-甲基吼啶鑌九氟丁磺酸鹽 -6 225 1-乙基-3-曱基咪唑鏽四氟硼酸鹽 15 1-丁基曱基咪唑鏽四氟硼酸鹽 <-65 104 1-己基曱基咪唑鏽四氟硼酸鹽 <-65 250 1 -曱基-3-辛基咪唑鏽四氟硼酸鹽 <-65 400 1-曱基-3-辛基咪唑鏽六氟磷酸鹽 <-65 900 1 -乙基-3-甲基咪唑鏽六氟磷酸鹽 <-65 560 1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鏽六氟磷酸鹽 <-65 900 甲基三辛基銨雙(三氟曱基磺醯基)醯亞胺 <-65 630 1 -乙基-3-甲基咪唑鑌2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基硫 酸鹽 <-65 205 1-乙基-3-甲基味。坐錢二乙基填酸鹽 20 554 1 -乙基-3-甲基咪唑鏽硫酸氫鹽 28 4320 在20°C下具有<1000 mPa_s之黏度且在低於20°C之溫度 下仍為液體的離子液體尤其較佳適用於本發明之磁流變調 配物。詳言之’此專離子液體為1 - 丁基-3 -甲基-17米σ坐錢曱 基硫酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鑌乙基硫酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鑌硫氰酸鹽、1-丁基-3-曱基咪唑鑌硫氰酸鹽、 1-乙基-3-曱基-咪唑鑌乙酸鹽、1-丁基-3-曱基咪唑鏽-乙酸 鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基吡啶鑌乙基硫酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑 鑌二氰胺、1-丁基-3-曱基咪唑鏽四氟硼酸鹽、1-己基-3-甲 基咪唑鑌四氟硼酸鹽、1-甲基-3-辛基-咪唑鏽四氟硼酸 鹽、1-曱基-3-辛基咪唑鑌六氟磷酸鹽、1-乙基-3-曱基咪唑 鑌六氟磷酸鹽、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鑌六-氟-磷酸鹽、甲基 三辛基銨雙(三氟甲基磺醯基)醯亞胺及1-乙基-3-曱基咪唑 鑌2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙基硫酸鹽。 124379.doc -55-Description of test methods: Ο Table 2: Flow behavior redispersibility at -40 ° C 2000 g; 15 min 28 days after redispersibility 28 days after oil separation [%] Example 1 0 + 11 Example 2 ++ ++ 15 Example 3 + 0 + 35 Comparative Example nd - 50 nd = failure to be determined due to immediate separation a) Flow behavior at -40 ° C The formulation was cooled to -40 ° C in a glass bottle with a nut. In addition, the glass bottle was tilted about 130. Then assess the flow behavior. Determine the rate at which the horizontal liquid level is again formed in the glass bottle. ++ : fast flow (low viscosity) + : slow flow (viscosity) 0 : very slow flow (viscous) -: solid b) redispersibility (2000 g ; 15 min) 124379.doc -51- 200826121 in the centrifuge Centrifugal magnetorheological formulation with 4000 ingots. Here the centrifugal force is 2 times the acceleration of gravity. After centrifugation, the redispersibility of the sediment was tested. To achieve this, the laboratory spatula was inserted into the sediment (3 mm above the bottom of the vessel) and rotated 180. . Qualitative assessment of the resistance against the movement of the spatula: ++··very low resistance (very easy to redisperse) + ·low resistance (easy to redisperse) (' 〇: high resistance (redistributable) -: very high resistance (difficult to redisperse) —: the spatula is almost non-rotating (not redispersible) c) Re-dispersibility after 28 days: The magnetorheological formulation is filled into a glass bottle with a nut to a height of 5 cm. After 28 days, the laboratory spatula was inserted into the formulation to 3 mm above the bottom of the container and rotated 180. . Qualitative assessment of the resistance against the movement of the spatula: (J ++: very low resistance (very easy to redisperse) + ·· low resistance (easy to redisperse) 〇: high resistance (redistributable) -··very resistant High (difficult to redisperse) —: the spatula is almost non-rotating (not redispersible) d) Oil separation: Fill the magnetorheological formulation into a graduated test tube with a nut and read the oil at a percentage of 20 ° C Separation. B) Experimental and comparative experiments on mass loss due to heating 124379.doc -52- 200826121 Three magnetorheological formulations which are flowable at -40 ° C and have different liquid components (one of which is the magnetic body of the present invention) The rheological formulation) was subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and heated to 250 ° C in air at a rate of 5 ° C / min (device is Netzsch STA 449C). The following mass loss of the three formulations was obtained: Matrix liquid weight loss Δm Evaluation at high temperature use i) Poly-α-olefin (Durasyn 162) -5.3% (30 〇C to 250. 〇 inappropriate ii) eucalyptus oil ( WackerDM5) _2.0% (30 ° C to 250 ° C) Not suitable iii) Ionic liquid: 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust methyl sulfate -0.9% (30 ° C to 250 ° C) The three magnetorheological formulations studied have the following composition: i) 9.38 wt% poly-α-olefin (Durasyn® DS192 from BASF AG) and 90 wt% ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG and 0.40 wt % Disperse Disperbyk DB 108 (Byk-Chemie) + 0.24 wt% of Bentone SD 3 (Elementis Specialties); ii) 16.65 wt% of polydimethyloxane Wacker DM5 + 83 wt% of SQ from BASF AG Type carbonyl iron powder + 0.35 wt% of Bentone i) SD3; iii) 19·5 wt% of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust ethyl sulfate and 80 wt% of SQ type carbonyl iron from BASF AG The powder was used as a magnetizable particle and 0.5 wt% of Laponite® SD3 from Rockwood Additives Ltd as a thixotropic agent. C) Experimental and comparative experiments on shear stress under low cerium-containing iron-based iron powder (CIP) (about 80 wt%) The experimental system was carried out at a shear stress of 10 s·1 at 25 °C. 124379.doc -53- 200826121 a) Experiment of the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention: 22.34 wt% of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium thiocyanate and 77 wt% of hydroxy iron powder as magnetizable The particles and 0.66 wt% of Laponite® RDS from Rockwood Additives Ltd act as a thixotropic agent. b) First comparative experiment: 17.75 wt% of polydimethyloxane Wacker DM5 and 82 wt% of ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG and 0.25 wt% of Bentone SD3 〇c) Second comparative experiment : 18.67 wt% poly-α-olefin (diene of dodecane) and 80 wt% of ON-type carbonyl iron powder from BASF AG and 0.66 wt% of dispersant Borchi Gen BG 911 (Borchers GmbH) and 0.67 Bt% layered bismuth salt Bentone SD3. Magnetic induction / T a) Shear stress / kPa b) Shear stress / kPa c) Shear stress / kPa 0.00 0.0122 0.0511 0.00320 0.05 1 0.762 0.469 0.10 3.16 2.61 1.35 0.20 10.6 8.85 4.23 0.30 20.7 18 8.5 0.40 33.0 26 13.4 0.50 45.7 35.3 18.1 0.60 59 43.5 22.4 0.70 70 50.4 26.1 0.80 75.9 54.8 29.5 0.90 80.1 56.5 31.6 1.00 82.6 58.1 33.1 D) Viscosity of various ionic liquid honey 1 suitable for the magnetorheological formulation of the present invention Ionic liquid above liquid [°C ] Viscosity, 20 °c [mPa.s] 1-butyl-3-mercaptoimidazole rust methyl sulfate <-20 214 1 ·ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazole rust ethyl sulfate <-20 122 1-ethyl-3-methyl styrene dicyanamide <-20 22 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust n-butyl sulfate 24 173 1 -ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazole radium N-hexyl sulfate 7 371 1 -ethylmethylimidazolium n-octyl sulfate-9 471 1 -ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium thiocyanate <-20 22 1-butyl-3-methyl Imidazolium thiocyanate <20 54 124379.doc -54- 200826121 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust tetrachloroaluminate 9 26 1 -butyl-3-methylimidazole rust tetrachloroaluminum Acid salt-10 32 1-B Benzyl-3-methylimidazolium rust acetate<20 93 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium rust acetate<20 554 1 -ethyl-3-methylpyridine rust ethyl sulfate<-65 152 1-Ethyl-3-methylacridinium nonafluorobutanesulfonate-6 225 1-ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazole rust tetrafluoroborate 15 1-butylimidazolium rust tetrafluoroborate <-65 104 1-hexyldecyl imidazole rust tetrafluoroborate <-65 250 1 -mercapto-3-octyl imidazole rust tetrafluoroborate <-65 400 1-mercapto-3-octyl Imidazole rust hexafluorophosphate <-65 900 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate<-65 560 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazole rust hexafluorophosphate<-65 900 Methyl trioctyl ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) quinone imine<-65 630 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazolium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethylsulfate Salt <-65 205 1-ethyl-3-methyl taste. Sitting money diethyl sulphate 20 554 1 -ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust hydrogen sulphate 28 4320 has a viscosity of <1000 mPa_s at 20 ° C and is still below 20 ° C Liquid ionic liquids are especially preferred for use in the magnetorheological formulations of the present invention. In detail, 'this special ionic liquid is 1-butyl-3-methyl-17 m σ 曱 曱 硫酸 硫酸, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium ethyl sulphate, 1-ethyl -3-methyl-imidazolium thiocyanate, 1-butyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium thiocyanate, 1-ethyl-3-indolyl-imidazolium acetate, 1-butyl-3 - mercapto imidazole rust-acetate, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium ethyl sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, 1-butyl-3-mercaptoimidazole Rust tetrafluoroborate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazole rust tetrafluoroborate, 1-mercapto-3-octyl imidazolium Fluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluoro-phosphate, methyltrioctylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonate Mercapto) quinone imine and 1-ethyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl sulfate. 124379.doc -55-

Claims (1)

200826121 十、申請專利範圍: 1 · 一種磁流變調配物,其中該磁流變調配物包含 •離子液體,其包含陰離子及陽離子, •分散之可磁化粒子,其具有0.1至500 μηι之平均直 徑,及 • 若適當之添加劑。 2·如明求項1之磁流變調配物,其中該磁流變調配物包含 ρ 至少一種選自由下列各物組成之群之添加劑:觸變劑、 黏度改質劑、增稠劑、分散劑、表面活性添加劑、抗氧 化劑、防滑劑/潤滑劑及腐蝕抑制劑。 3·如請求項1或2之磁流變調配物,其中分別以該磁流變調 配物之總重量計,該離子液體之重量比例與該等添加劑 之重量比例之比率大於i。 4·如請求項1或2之磁流變調配物,其包含選自由含鐵粒 子、含鎳粒子及含鈷粒子組成之群之可磁化粒子。 ) 5·如請求項4之磁流變調配物,其中含有平均直徑為1至3〇 μηι之羰基鐵粒作為可磁化粒子。 6·如請求項1或2之磁流變調配物,其中存在於該離子液體 形式中之該等陰離子及陽離子形成至少一種通式(1)之鹽 [Α]: [ΥΓ (I) 其中η為1、2、3或4,[Α]+為四級銨陽離子、氧鏽陽離 子、銕陽離子或鱗陽離子且[Υ]η-為單價、二價、三價或 四價陰離子; 通式(II)之混合鹽 124379.doc 200826121 [A!] + [A2]+ [Y]n* (Ila),其中 η =2 ; [Α1] + [Α2] + [Α3]+ [Υ]η- (lib),其中 n [=3 ;或 [Α1] + [Α2] + [Α3] + [Α4]+ [Υ]η- (lie),其中 n =4且 其中[A1]4"、[A2]+、[A3] +及[A4] +彼此獨立地選自針對[a] + 所提及之群,且[Y广具有(A)下所提及之含義;或 通式(III)之混合鹽 [AYtAYCAYtMY [Y]n- (Ilia),其中 η=4 ; [Υ]η· (Illb),其中 η=4 ; [Α1] + [Μ1] + [Μ2] + [Μ3]+ [Υ]η· (IIIc),其中 η=4 ; [Α1] + [Α2] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· (Illd),其中 η=3 ; [Α^^Μ^^Μ2]4* [Υ]11' (Ille),其中 η=3 ; [Α1] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· (Illf),其中 η=2 ; [Υ]η· (Illg),其中 η=4 ; [Α^^Μ'Ι^Μ4]^ [Υ]11' (Illh),其中 η=4 ; [Α^^Μ5]^ [Υ]11' (Illi),其中 η=4 ;或 [α^Ιμ4]2·^ [Υ]η_ (Illj),其中 η=3且 Ο 〇 其中[A1]*、[A2] +及[A3] —彼此獨立地選自針對[A] +所提及 之群,[Υ]η·具有(A)下所提及之含義;且[m1]—、[M2]+、 • [M3]+為單價金屬陽離子,[M4]2+為二價金屬陽離子且 ' [M5]3 +為三價金屬陽離子。 7 ·如請求項1或2之磁流變調配物,其中該離子液體包含至 少一種選自由式(IVa)至(IVy)之陽離子組成之群的陽離子 124379.doc 200826121200826121 X. Patent application scope: 1 · A magnetorheological formulation, wherein the magnetorheological formulation comprises an ionic liquid comprising an anion and a cation, and a dispersed magnetizable particle having an average diameter of 0.1 to 500 μηι , and • if appropriate additives. 2. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1, wherein the magnetorheological formulation comprises ρ at least one additive selected from the group consisting of: a thixotropic agent, a viscosity modifier, a thickener, and a dispersion. Agents, surface active additives, antioxidants, anti-slip agents/lubricants and corrosion inhibitors. 3. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the weight ratio of the ionic liquid to the weight ratio of the additives is greater than i, based on the total weight of the magnetorheological formulation. 4. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1 or 2, comprising magnetizable particles selected from the group consisting of iron-containing particles, nickel-containing particles, and cobalt-containing particles. 5. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 4, which comprises carbonyl iron particles having an average diameter of 1 to 3 Å μη as magnetizable particles. 6. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the anions and cations present in the ionic liquid form form at least one salt of the formula (1): [ΥΓ (I) wherein η Is 1, 2, 3 or 4, [Α]+ is a quaternary ammonium cation, an oxy rust cation, a phosphonium cation or a scaly cation and [Υ]η- is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent or tetravalent anion; II) Mixed salt 124379.doc 200826121 [A!] + [A2]+ [Y]n* (Ila), where η = 2 ; [Α1] + [Α2] + [Α3]+ [Υ]η- ( Lib), where n [=3 ; or [Α1] + [Α2] + [Α3] + [Α4]+ [Υ]η- (lie), where n = 4 and where [A1]4", [A2] +, [A3] + and [A4] + are independently selected from each other for the group mentioned for [a] + , and [Y broad has the meaning mentioned under (A); or a mixture of the general formula (III) Salt [AYtAYCAYtMY [Y]n- (Ilia), where η=4 ; [Υ]η· (Illb), where η=4 ; [Α1] + [Μ1] + [Μ2] + [Μ3]+ [Υ] η· (IIIc), where η=4 ; [Α1] + [Α2] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· (Illd), where η=3 ; [Α^^Μ^^Μ2]4* [Υ ]11' (Ille), where η=3 ; [Α1] + [Μ1]+ [Υ]η· (Illf), η=2 ; [Υ]η· (Illg), where η=4 ; [Α^^Μ'Ι^Μ4]^ [Υ]11' (Illh), where η=4 ; [Α^^Μ5]^ [Υ]11' (Illi), where η=4; or [α^Ιμ4]2·^ [Υ]η_ (Illj), where η=3 and Ο 〇 where [A1]*, [A2] + and [ A3] - independently selected from the group mentioned for [A] +, [Υ] η · has the meaning mentioned under (A); and [m1] -, [M2] +, • [M3] + is a monovalent metal cation, [M4] 2+ is a divalent metal cation and '[M5] 3 + is a trivalent metal cation. 7. A magnetorheological formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ionic liquid comprises at least one cation selected from the group consisting of cations of formula (IVa) to (IVy) 124379.doc 200826121 (IVk) (IVk,) R\ Ff R\ R" R' R 6 -R° R5- R 1/ .N R N、 (IV1) R4 ( R R" R 3 (IVm) (IVm,) (IVn) 124379.doc 200826121(IVk) (IVk,) R\ Ff R\ R" R' R 6 -R° R5- R 1/ .NRN, (IV1) R4 ( R R" R 3 (IVm) (IVm,) (IVn) 124379 .doc 200826121 (IVr,)(IVr,) R I + ! N—R1 I R (IVr)R I + ! N—R1 I R (IVr) FF R° ij (IVs)R° ij (IVs) R (IVw) (IVu) R2 1 | R2 | . —P-R1 I S-R1 I I R I R (IVx) (IVy) 及包含此結構之寡聚物,其中 • 該基團R為氫;飽和或不飽和、非環狀或環狀、月旨 124379.doc 200826121 族、芳族或芳脂族含碳有機基團 經1至5個雜原子或官 /、未!取代或 丁A S此基取代或穿插 20個碳原子;且 八有1至 •=基團、此獨立為氫;續基;或飽和或 不飽和、非環狀或環狀㈣ 碳有機基團’其未經取代或㈣戈 能基取代或穿插且且右^ B 且具有1至20個碳原子,且直 Γ 以上提及之式(IV)中鍵結一碳原子(而非一雜原子) 之該專基團R1至R9可另外為鹵素或官能基;或 來自該系列R^R9之兩鄰接基團一起亦可為飽和或不 飽和、非環狀或環狀、脂族、芳族或芳脂族二價含碳有 機基團,其未經取代或經!至5個雜原子或官能基取代或 穿插且具有1至30個碳原子。 8.如請求項7之磁流變調配物,其中該離子液體包含下式 之咪唑鑌離子R (IVw) (IVu) R2 1 | R2 | . —P-R1 I S-R1 IIRIR (IVx) (IVy) and an oligomer comprising the same, wherein: the group R is hydrogen; saturated or unsaturated , acyclic or cyclic, syllabus 124379.doc 200826121 Group, aromatic or aryl aliphatic carbon-containing organic groups with 1 to 5 heteroatoms or official /, not! Substituting or butyl AS this group is substituted or interspersed with 20 carbon atoms; and octa has 1 to•= groups, this is independently hydrogen; a contig; or a saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic (tetra) carbon organic group' It is unsubstituted or (iv) substituted or interspersed with genomic groups and has a right ^ B and has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and is bonded to a carbon atom (not a hetero atom) in the above formula (IV). The specific groups R1 to R9 may additionally be halogen or functional groups; or the two adjacent groups from the series R^R9 may also be saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, aliphatic, aromatic or Aryl aliphatic divalent carbon-containing organic group, its unsubstituted or by! Up to 5 heteroatoms or functional groups are substituted or interspersed and have from 1 to 30 carbon atoms. 8. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 7, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an imidazolium ion of the formula Ο (IVe) •其中該基團R為氳;飽和或不飽和、非環狀或環 狀、腊族、芳族或芳脂族含碳有機基團,其未經 取代或經1至5個雜原子或官能基取代或穿插且具 有1至20個碳原子;且 •其中Rl為氫、甲基、乙基、1-丙基、1-丁基、1-戊 124379.doc 200826121 基 4 土 _辛基、2_經基乙基或2·氰基乙基且 至R彼此獨立為氫、曱基或乙基。 9·如請求項7或8之磁流變調配物 i 爪欠凋配物,其中該離子液體包 式之ϋ比啶鑌離子Ο (IVe) • wherein the group R is hydrazine; a saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, waxy, aromatic or araliphatic carbon-containing organic group which is unsubstituted or has 1 to 5 a hetero atom or a functional group substituted or interspersed and having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and wherein R1 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl, 1-butyl, 1-pentane 124379.doc 200826121 base 4 soil _ octyl, 2 —transethyl or 2·cyanoethyl and to R are each independently hydrogen, decyl or ethyl. 9. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 7 or 8 i claw-deficient ligand, wherein the ionic liquid is encapsulated with a pyridinium ion C /、中凜基團R為氫;飽和或不飽和、非環狀或環狀、 月曰知、芳族或芳脂族含碳有機基團,其未經取代或經 1至5個雜原子或官能基取代或穿#且具有㈣個碳 原子; 且其中 Ο • 4等基HR至115之_者為甲基、乙基或氯,且^至^ 之該等其餘基團為氫; • R3為二甲基胺基且該等其餘基團…、…、Μ及V為 氫; '、 • R1至R5所有基團均為氫; • R2為羧基或羧醯胺基且該等其餘基團尺1、玟2、;^4及]^5 為氫;或 • R1及R2或R2及…為丨,心伸丁」,二烯基且該等其餘基 團Ri、R2、R4及R5為氫。 10·如請求項1或2之磁流變調配物,其中該離子液體包含至 124379.doc 200826121 、 k自由下列各離子組成之群之陰離子·· 下式之#離子、含鹵素化合物離子及類鹵離子組成 之群: jp » Cl、Br、Γ、BF4·、PF6-、A1CV、A12C17·、 , Αΐ3Πΐ(Γ、A1Br4_、FeCV、BC14·、SbIV、AsF6-、 ZnC13、SnCl3、CuCl2-、CF3S03-、(CF3S03)2N-、 CF3CCV、CC13C02_、CN_、SCN·、OCN'· 0 由以下通式之硫酸根、亞硫酸根及磺酸根組成之群: S〇42、HS04·、S032-、HSCV、Ra〇S03-、RaS03-; •由以下通式之填酸根組成之群: p〇43-、hpo42·、h2pcv、Rap〇42·、HRap〇4·、 RaRbp〇4·; •由以下通式之膦酸根及次膦酸根組成之群: RaHP〇3* > RaRbP〇2· . RaRbp〇3-; •由以下通式之亞磷酸根組成之群·· 〇 P〇33-、HP〇32·、H2P03-、RaP〇32·、RaHP03-、 RaRbP03-; •由以下通式之亞膦酸根及羥亞膦酸根組成之群: RaRbP02·、RaHP02·、RaRbP〇-、RaHPCT ; , •由以下通式之羧酸根組成之群: RaCO〇-; •由以下通式之硼酸根組成之群: B〇33-、HB〇32·、H2B03-、RaRbB03-、RaHB03·、 RaB〇32' 、B(0Ra)(0Rb)(0Rc)(0Rd)· 、B(HS04)_ 、 124379.doc 200826121 Ο B(RaS04)·; •由以下通式之g朋酸根組成之群: RaB〇22·、RaRbB〇-; •由以下通式之碳酸根及碳酸酯離子組成之群: HC〇3· - CO32' > RaC03·; •由以下通式之矽酸根及矽酸酯離子組成之群: Si〇44- > HSi〇43- . H2Si042· > H3Si04- . RaSi〇43- RaRbSi042· ^ RaRbRcSi04' > HRaSi042· > H2RaSi〇 -HRaRbSi〇4· ; 4 •由以下通式之烷基_或芳基矽烷鹽離子組成之群· 咖〇33·、、RaRbResi〇.、η» RaRbRCSi(V、RaRbSi〇32_ ; 3 由以下通式之鲮醯胺離子、雙(磺醯基)醯亞胺離子 續〇酿基醯亞胺離子及二氰胺離 RaJ( 9 - Lj Rb-Y 〇 〇 Ra-S-° V 〇 Ra_^°Rb~(N NC NC 由以:二…基化物離子組成之群 Rb-0,C、s〇rRc 下通式之貌氧化物離子及芳氧化物離子組成之 Ra〇 124379.doc 200826121 •由以下通式之齒素金屬酸根組成之群: [MqHalr]s·, 其中Μ為金屬,且Hal為氟、 且指示該錯合物之化學計量 物之電荷; 氯、溴或碘,9及1•為正整數 且s為正整數且指示該錯合 •由以下通式之硫離子、硫化氫離子、多硫離子、多硫 化氫離子及硫醇離子組成之群: Ο S2·、HS·、[Sv]2_、[HSV]-、[RaS]-, 其中v為2至10之正整數;及 •由錯合金屬離子組成之群,諸如Fe(CN)03·、Fe(cN)广 、Μη04·、Fe(CO)4_,其中 彼此獨立之Μ、Rb、y及Rd各自為氫、Ci_Ci8烷基、 視情況經一或多個非相鄰氧及/或硫原子及/或一或多個 經取代或未經取代之亞胺基穿插之C2_Ci8烷基、 芳基、C^C!2環烷基或具有氧、氮及/或硫原子之五員或 六員雜環,該等基團之兩者可能一起形成視情況經二或 多個氧及/或硫原子及/或一或多個未經取代或經取代之 亞胺基穿插的不飽和、飽和或芳族環;其分別可能另 外經官能基、芳基、烷基、芳氧基、烷氧基、_素、雜 原子及/或雜環取代。 11 ·如睛求項1或2之磁流變調配物,其中該等陰離子及陽離 子形成至少一種選自由下列各物組成之群之鹽:丨-丁基· 3-甲基味嗤鏘甲基硫酸鹽、1 _乙基_3_曱基味σ坐鑌乙基-硫 酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鑌二氰胺、ι_乙基_3_甲基-口米 124379.doc -9- 200826121 ϋ坐鐵正丁基硫酸鹽、1 -乙基-3 -甲基味唾鐵正己基-硫酸 鹽、1-乙基-3-曱基-咪唑鑌正辛基硫酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲 基咪唑鏽-硫氰酸鹽、1_ 丁基-3-甲基-咪唑鑌硫氰酸鹽、 1-乙基·3-甲基咪唑鏽四-氣-鋁酸鹽、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑 鑌四氣鋁酸鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鏽乙酸鹽、1-丁基- 3-甲基咪唑鑌乙酸鹽、1 -乙基-3-甲基-吡啶鏽乙基硫酸 ' 鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基吡啶鑌九氟丁磺酸鹽、1-乙基-3-曱基 _ -咪唑鏽四氟硼酸鹽、1-丁基-3_甲基咪唑鏽四氟硼酸 C I 鹽、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鏽四氟硼酸鹽、1_甲基-3-辛基-咪唑鏽四-氟硼酸鹽、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑鑌六氟磷酸 鹽、1-乙基-3-甲基-咪唑銪二氰胺、1-乙基·3·甲基味唑 鑌六-氟磷酸鹽、1-己基-3-曱基咪唑鑌六氟磷酸鹽、曱 基二辛基銨雙(三敗曱基績醢基)醯亞胺、1-乙基甲基_ 味唾鑌2-(2 -甲氧基-乙氧基)_乙基硫酸鹽、ι_乙基甲基 咪唑鑌二乙基-磷酸鹽、參(2-羥基-乙基)_甲基銨甲基硫 i) 酸鹽及乙基-3-甲基-咪唑鑌硫酸氫鹽。 12·如請求項1或2之磁流變調配物,其中該離子液體在25它 下具有<5000 mPa.s之運動黏度。 13. —種用於製備如請求項丨或2之磁流變調配物之方法,其 — 包含將該等可磁化粒子分散於包含包括陰離子及陽離子 之離子液體之液體中。 14· 一種將如請求項丨或2之磁流變調配物應用於一可控設備 中的方法,該可控設備選自由下列各設備組成之群^咸 震态、離合益、制動器及其他裝置,諸如配合裝置、觸 124379.doc 200826121 覺裝置、保持系統、碰撞減震器、線控轉向系統、線控 齒輪系統及線控制動系統、密封裝置、修補物及軸承。C /, a fluorene group R is hydrogen; a saturated or unsaturated, acyclic or cyclic, sulphur, aromatic or aryl aliphatic carbon-containing organic group, which is unsubstituted or 1 to 5 hetero An atom or a functional group is substituted or cross-linked and has (four) carbon atoms; and wherein Ο to 4 such as HR to 115 are methyl, ethyl or chloro, and the remaining groups of ^ to ^ are hydrogen; • R3 is a dimethylamino group and the remaining groups...,...,Μ and V are hydrogen; ', • all groups R1 to R5 are hydrogen; • R2 is a carboxyl group or a carboxamide group and the rest The group ruler 1, 玟2, ^4 and ]^5 are hydrogen; or • R1 and R2 or R2 and ... are 丨, the core is butyl, the dienyl group and the remaining groups Ri, R2, R4 and R5 is hydrogen. 10. The magnetorheological formulation of claim 1 or 2, wherein the ionic liquid comprises an anion of 124379.doc 200826121, k free of the following groups of ions: · an ion of the formula: a halogen ion, and a class Group of halide ions: jp » Cl, Br, Γ, BF4·, PF6-, A1CV, A12C17·, , Αΐ3Πΐ (Γ, A1Br4_, FeCV, BC14·, SbIV, AsF6-, ZnC13, SnCl3, CuCl2-, CF3S03 -, (CF3S03)2N-, CF3CCV, CC13C02_, CN_, SCN·, OCN'· 0 Group consisting of sulfate, sulfite and sulfonate of the following general formula: S〇42, HS04·, S032-, HSCV , Ra〇S03-, RaS03-; • Group consisting of the following formula: p〇43-, hpo42·, h2pcv, Rap〇42·, HRap〇4·, RaRbp〇4·; Group of phosphonate and phosphinate groups: RaHP〇3* > RaRbP〇2· . RaRbp〇3-; • Group consisting of phosphites of the following formula ··〇P〇33-, HP〇 32·, H2P03-, RaP〇32·, RaHP03-, RaRbP03-; • Group consisting of phosphinates and hydroxyphosphinates of the following formula: RaRbP02·, RaHP02 , RaRbP〇-, RaHPCT; , • Group consisting of carboxylates of the following general formula: RaCO〇-; • Group consisting of borate of the following general formula: B〇33-, HB〇32·, H2B03-, RaRbB03 -, RaHB03·, RaB〇32', B(0Ra)(0Rb)(0Rc)(0Rd)·, B(HS04)_, 124379.doc 200826121 Ο B(RaS04)·; •g by the following formula Group of acid groups: RaB〇22·, RaRbB〇-; • Group consisting of carbonates and carbonate ions of the following formula: HC〇3· - CO32' >RaC03·; • Citrate from the following formula And a group of phthalate ion groups: Si〇44- > HSi〇43- . H2Si042· > H3Si04- . RaSi〇43- RaRbSi042· ^ RaRbRcSi04' > HRaSi042· >H2RaSi〇-HRaRbSi〇4·; 4 • A group consisting of an alkyl group or an aryl decane salt of the following formula: Curry 33·, RaRbResi〇., η» RaRbRCSi (V, RaRbSi〇32_ ; 3 Amidoxime ion of the following formula , bis(sulfonyl) quinone imine ion continued brewing quinone imine ion and dicyanamide from RaJ ( 9 - Lj Rb-Y 〇〇Ra-S-° V 〇Ra_^°Rb~(N NC NC Composed of: two... Group Rb-0, C, s〇rRc The composition of the oxides and aryl oxide ions of the general formula Ra〇124379.doc 200826121 • Group consisting of dentate metallates of the following general formula: [MqHalr]s· Wherein Μ is a metal and Hal is fluorine and indicates the charge of the stoichiometry of the complex; chlorine, bromine or iodine, 9 and 1• are positive integers and s is a positive integer and indicates the mismatch • by a group consisting of sulfur ions, hydrogen sulfide ions, polysulfide ions, polysulfide ions, and thiol ions of the formula: Ο S2·, HS·, [Sv] 2_, [HSV]-, [RaS]-, where v a positive integer of 2 to 10; and • a group consisting of mismatched metal ions, such as Fe(CN)03·, Fe(cN), Μη04·, Fe(CO)4_, where 彼此, Rb, Each of y and Rd is hydrogen, a Ci_Ci8 alkyl group, optionally a C2_Ci8 alkyl group interspersed with one or more non-adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms and/or one or more substituted or unsubstituted imine groups, An aryl group, a C^C!2 cycloalkyl group or a five- or six-membered heterocyclic ring having an oxygen, nitrogen and/or sulfur atom, the two of which may together form two or more An unsaturated, saturated or aromatic ring interposed between oxygen and/or a sulfur atom and/or one or more unsubstituted or substituted imine groups; each of which may additionally have a functional group, an aryl group, an alkyl group, an aryl group Substituted by alkoxy, alkoxy, hetero, and/or heterocyclic. 11. A magnetorheological formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the anions and cations form at least one salt selected from the group consisting of: 丨-butyl·3-methyl misomethyl Sulfate, 1 _ethyl _3 曱 味 味 镔 镔 镔 ethyl-sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, ι_ethyl_3_methyl-mouth meter 124379 .doc -9- 200826121 铁 sitting iron n-butyl sulphate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-sauryl-hexyl-sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-indolyl-imidazolium n-octyl sulfate , 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium rust-thiocyanate, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium thiocyanate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole rust tetra-aluminum-aluminum Acid salt, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetraaluminate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazole rust acetate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate, 1 -ethyl-3-methyl-pyridine rust ethylsulfate' salt, 1-ethyl-3-methylpyridinium nonafluorobutanesulfonate, 1-ethyl-3-indolyl--imidazole rust tetrafluoro Borate, 1-butyl-3_methylimidazole rust tetrafluoroboric acid CI salt, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium rust tetrafluoroborate, 1-methyl-3-octyl-imidazole rust tetra-fluoro boron Salt, 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium dicyanamide, 1-ethyl-3-methylisoxazole hexafluorophosphate Salt, 1-hexyl-3-mercaptoimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, decyldioctylammonium bis(tris-decyl) quinone imine, 1-ethylmethyl _ 镔 镔 镔 2-( 2-methoxy-ethoxy)-ethyl sulfate, ι-ethylmethylimidazolium diethyl-phosphate, ginseng (2-hydroxy-ethyl)-methylammonium methylsulfide i) acid Salt and ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hydrogensulfate. 12. A magnetorheological formulation according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ionic liquid has a kinematic viscosity of <5000 mPa.s at 25. 13. A method for preparing a magnetorheological formulation as claimed in claim 2 or 2, comprising - dispersing the magnetizable particles in a liquid comprising an ionic liquid comprising an anion and a cation. 14. A method of applying a magnetorheological formulation as claimed in claim 2 or 2 to a controllable device selected from the group consisting of: a salty state, a clutch, a brake, and other devices Such as mating devices, touch 124379.doc 200826121 sensor device, retention system, collision damper, wire steering system, wire control gear system and line control system, seals, prostheses and bearings. 124379.doc 11 200826121 七、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:(無) (二) 本代表圖之元件符號簡單說明: f) 八、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式: (無) ϋ 124379.doc124379.doc 11 200826121 VII. Designated representative map: (1) The representative representative of the case is: (none) (2) The symbol of the symbol of the representative figure is simple: f) 8. If there is a chemical formula in this case, please reveal the best display. Chemical formula of the invention: (none) ϋ 124379.doc
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