200825031 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 這^發蚁和__種趙有關，尤妓和闡述一種 糟由超曰波照射玻璃熔體的玻璃熔體有關。 【先前技術】 南品質的玻璃是藉由控制玻璃溶體的冷卻而形成。但 :，玻魏體可能包括諸如麵細夾雜物，小量的偏差密 以及通常被稱為索狀物的化學成分等不勻雜質。尤其 是索狀物的職導致局舰域林_觸率。這些且有 不同折射率的局部區域可齡使所產生的玻璃不粉ς某 些精確的使用。 ’、 般而a，玻璃熔體哺徵是藉由在各階段的處理過 程抽樣_，或㈣設置像是熱電偶_向感測器而決定 、。，在工業玻璃t造過程的高溫之下，溶態玻璃通常被包含 並且/或者流經絕緣於導管整個外圍的密閉導管，因此幾乎 不可能做抽樣。 另一方面，極少的軸向感測器可以承受在玻璃處理過 =中持續的高溫。在玻璃熔體的一些處理過程中，雖說熱 包偶宫翻棚量溫度，但因域電偶时人難以接受的 速率劣化，因此熱電偶的使用也是行不通的。更且，在玻璃 炫體内插人-域·可能會弄髒感·，產生流程中斷， 或才系、、先產生然法接受的熱耗損，因而降低產物的品質。 【發明内容】 本系統非侵入性地表示出玻璃熔體特徵，在這裡針對 200825031 玻，__參_修正程式或修改可以用來回應感測的 $欲，以產生具標稱特徵的玻璃。也就是說，本系統提供玻 璃熔體特徵的新知識，這些知識可以處理相對應被調整的 茶數，因而提高產物的品質。 尤其，本系統可提供說明一種玻璃溶體藉著結合聲波 經槽的外部表面至玻璃溶體的方法，此槽保留一定的玻璃 ___溶體_不⑽f反射，細被反射 的耸波，和確定或偵測對應於偵測到的反射聲波的玻璃熔 體中，不勻雜質的存在（包括氣體和固體）。 在進一步的設置中，為了說明玻璃溶體，本系統包括了 一個包含玻璃熔體的槽，第一聲波導管被搞合到槽的一個 外部表面，以便從第一轉換器聲耦合一個聲波到玻璃熔體， 而第二聲波導管則被麵合至耐火金屬槽的外部表面以便從 玻璃炫體聲耦合一個反射聲波到第二轉換器，此反射聲波 在玻璃熔體内和不勻雜質相對應，因而第一第二聲波導管 都不會直接接觸玻璃熔體。 如我們所知，前面的概述和以下詳細的描述只是此項 發明的最佳範例，用來提供一個如其所聲明的讓人瞭解此 項發明本質和特性的大綱或架構。 所包含的附圖是用來讓人們對此項發明有進一步的理 解，因而也併入並構成這份規格書的一部份。附圖不一定 按照比例，而且為了清晰起見，各種元素的大小也許被扭曲 了。附圖說明了一個或更多此項發明的實施範例，和這些 描述一起用來解釋此項發明的原理和運作。 第6 頁 200825031 【實施方式】 C； u 聲音是經由或傳導一個像是液體或空氣介質的一種振 動。振動的來源是此介質反覆性的擾動。例如，當觸擊響 铃日寸產生振動。響鈴的邊緣根據圍擺它的空氣移動，首先 在空氣向外邊移動時產生一高壓區域，然後在空氣向内邊 移動時產生一低壓區域。高低壓區域分別稱為所謂的壓縮 和稀疏區域，藉著影響空氣的毗鄰分子如同波一般來通過 介質:空氣巾的分子根據交獅高低壓向後或向前移動，然 後依序作用在毗鄰分子上，接著再作用在其毗鄰分子上等 。因此高低壓區域如同具有特定速度和波長的波一般通過 介質。 依據本項發明，提出一利用基本脈衝回聲的方法來表 示-種熔‘態玻璃特徵:藉著高頻率脈衝射器產生電脈衝， 接著由-種適當的轉換器肩如藉由第一波導管聲轉合至 玻璃炼體的-麵t轉換器，轉換成音(聲)波。超音波通 過波導管，並且透過包含__職至玻雜體。在溶 體内，聲波會时可能出現的不_f而衰減及擴散，並且 從邊緣反射。反射波仙由透财二波導管絲合至破 溶體的第二轉換器_出來，因此聲波可以被轉換回—個 電子信號。此信號會被放大並且由適當的資料採集系統加 以處理。例如，信號可以交給可職聲波通過時間 和頻轉錄㈣輯理。趟參數齡了鱗H 的物理和幾何特性，譬如超音波衰減、不勾雜質的出現(： /包）、溶體内的流量、炫體的溫度等等。 八 200825031 破璃”一詞包含一種隨機的、液體狀(非晶形)分子結 構的材料。玻璃的製造過程要求將原材料加熱到足以產生 相對低黏度熔體的溫度，當熔體冷卻時，變得堅硬而沒有結 曰曰。破璃熔體可能是任何各種各樣的成分，包括蘇打石灰 玻螭、鉛玻璃、硼矽酸玻璃、高鋁矽酸玻璃、96%石夕石玻 璃、熔化的矽石玻璃和高鋁硼矽酸玻璃。"玻璃熔體”或” 熔態玻璃”一詞則包含各種在其個別軟化點之上的玻璃成 分。通常玻璃溶點大約是在12〇〇°c和1700°C之間。”聲波” 一詞則是涵蓋藉由介質傳輸的機械振動。在某一設置中， 聲波是在超音波範圍之内，大約是在1〇〇千赫和3〇〇千赫之 間。 依據本項發明的一個實施範例，圖j顯示一個用來說明 玻螭熔體的範例設備8,其中包括槽1〇, 一對聲波導管組件 14,以及控制器16。槽1〇可由熱絕緣的耐火夾套以所 繞。 槽10可以是保留一定玻璃熔體體積的任何各式各樣的 口又置。槽10可以是自足的，具有開放或閉合的頂端，並保留 一定的玻璃熔體體積。在這個設置中，槽1〇定義了選來連 L波導官元件12,14的流動路徑，允許在流動路徑橫截面一 定百分比之内的區域可偵測到。因而槽1〇可以保有或接受 由上游位置而來的玻璃纟谷體流，也可允許玻璃溶體流至下 游位置。槽10可以是玻璃熔體流經過的管線，圖i所示即為 此管線的橫截面。 ' 槽10應由可承受所需的玻璃熔體操作溫度的材質所構 200825031 成:通常大约是在_°c和·。c之間。槽最好包含一種白 ^的i屬’包括翻、錄、銥、釕、免、鐵或其合金。或 是，其它耐高溫材料也可被使用。例如，錮也可單獨作為有 效的槽材料或與其它材料組合使用。 、曾一波導：元件12, J4聲搞合至槽定義出一個從第一波 歸元件12延伸，通過一部份槽壁，進入保留在槽内的玻璃 熔體的聲音路徑，然後從熔體通過槽壁的相反部份進入另 一個波導管元件14。 圖1顯不了這對共線並沿直徑橫跨槽，聲輕合波導管元 件12,14,因而提供一條波導管元件之間直線的聲音路徑。 別適合_具撕對聲波財效尺彳的不⑽ 貝’·#如更大的玻璃氣泡，譬如跨越聲音路徑，大約公釐直 徑的不勻雜質。這種通路可能導致由接收轉換器偵測到的 超音波信號的幅度降低。而另一種安排則適合小型不勻雜 質的偵測，譬如次公釐大的小型氣泡，因此波導管可以被安 排成V字型。 在進一步的配置中，可想成多個波導管元件對12和14， 可以被聲轉合至槽。波導管對最好是共線並沿直徑和槽相 對，但也可視應用上的需要建置多個V字型管。 因為波導管元件12,14根本上是相同的，以下的描述將 針對波導管元件12,如眾所知，個別元件的描述，除非特別提 及，不然就等同於元件14。波導管元件12和14的元件在附圖 内是不相同的，各自在個別元件編號字尾加上a和b。波導管 元件12包括由心蕊棒21a和包層22a構成的波導管2〇a，以 200825031 及車專換器、24a，並且波導管2〇a的一端聲麵合至雛器，而波 導管施的另一端則聲輕合至槽10。波導管20a最好是實體 連結或加雜1G，並且還縣始賴1()。錢f施範例中 ，波g 20a也只體連結至轉換器施。實體連結波導管施 的方法包括軟焊/熔接，引線接頭或任何其它實用的方法。 因為轉換器24a在上升的溫度下無法可靠地與玻璃熔 體和耐^曹—起運作，波導管2〇a在轉換器、24a和耐火槽之 ㈤加叫#合，以便義轉換ϋ和<火槽。這個間隔動作 順著波導管的長度產生一溫度梯度，使得轉換器可以在比 耐火槽和玻璃炫體較低的溫度下運作。 轉換器24a是-種適合產生超音波信號的機器。例 如，也許是Langevin或Tonpilz類型的轉換器。轉換器2如 轉換由城產生ϋ 23產生的電子信號，並封放大器25放 大成聲信號或波。信號赴ϋ 23和放大ϋ 25擁作上可以 傳統方式經由控制線29, 31賴至轉換器、24a。控制器16也 〇 可透雜制線27連結至信號產生器23。或許，控制器16也 可以是-台專屬處理器或電腦。 轉換器24a聲轉合至波導f 2〇a，⑽送聲信號或波至 =璃熔體，可能包括對轉換器24a偏斜波導管2()a。偏斜彳 ί因波導管(或轉換器）的載入，或因另外一個偏斜，像是 彈η的元件。但是一種更力口堅固的搞合，譬如軟焊/溶接， 引線接頭等方法都可提升從轉換器到波導管的信號傳輸。 波導官20a是一種可以傳送超音波信號的拉伸式元件 。雖然波導管2〇a可以是各式各樣的設置，像是階形或角錐 第10 頁 200825031 或摺式e又置，但我們發現拉伸式元件可以成為更佳的波導 官。因為波導官20a會在一端連結到槽1〇,波導管2〇a應可 耐的住槽體所承受的高溫，而同時也可作為一個有效的波 導管。因此，波導管20a最好包括諸如翻，或像是翻姥合 金的鉑合金的耐火金屬心蕊棒2la。在一種配置中，心蕊棒 21a的外徑大約3公釐。波導管2〇a最好也包括包層22a。 包層22a最好是一種像是多鋁紅柱石（3Al2〇3 · 2Si〇2)的 陶瓷材料，並提供一條比心蕊棒更高速的聲波路徑。包層 管22a最好沿著心蕊棒21a的整個長度延伸。心蕊棒2la的 外徑應要貼切地配合在包層22a的内徑之内。在所選的 設置中，一種聲搞合劑可置於心蕊棒21a和包層22a之間， 以確保在心蕊棒和包層間適當的聲耗合。換句話說，波 導管包層可以在心蕊棒21a外圍形成。 位了維持轉換器24a適當的操作溫度，可以縮短包層 22a，以使w比鄰轉換器24a末端約8-10公釐長度的包層22a 暴露出來。冷卻的氣流可以經由通道3〇a通過心蕊棒21a暴 露的部份，以維持轉換器和波導管介面的溫度約在5〇。〇以 下。 請參考圖1，外管32a可同心地圍繞各波導管。外管應 該被隔開在波導管20a之外，以使波導管20a和外管32a之間 形成環隙。例如，環隙也可能包含空氣。 外管32a的一端接合到槽10的外部表面34。外管32a接 合到槽壁將會提高槽壁區域的清晰度，以輻射和接收聲音 能量(即聲波）。因為槽10通常由耐火絕緣材質18圍住，外 第11 頁 200825031 力崎鱗雜賴18和瞻和槽之間從 其U附近分開，並且提供波導管冷卻的空間。例如，外 g 32a可以包括像是氧化銘(舰)的陶質。或者，外管版 接合或物_合至槽1G也可以使㈣火的膠黏劑。 口在某些實施酬，如圖1所示，藉著先軟焊/炫接一個像 是插座35的引線接頭至槽10,波導管20a可以耦合至槽1{)。 互補引線是在波歸2G的—卿撕知蕊棒21的末端） ，因而猎由波導管引線至插座將波導管耦合至槽。如圖2所 不’插座35是内部引線環的形式，而波導管20a則在一端包 括外邛引線，此物理耦合至插座35以及槽1〇。插座邪最 好包括鉑或，合金。或者，如圖3所示，波導管施和槽忉 的耦。也可藉由下列步驟完成，添加一引線短線到槽ι〇( Ο »如使用焊或;^接)’然後形成—互補引線凹處到波導管 2〇a(即〜從棒21a)’在這裡波導管2〇a可以引線到短線如， α而透過&、、泉4〇輕合波導管2Qa至槽1G。—個較簡單的 方法可以將心蕊棒21a直接軟焊或炫接到槽1〇。 當耦合波導管2〇a到接頭35或短線4〇時，我們發現可以 f物理耦合方法間保證有好的平面接觸。也就是說，心蕊 ，21a的末端面最好應該橫越波導管的縱向轴，使其和接頭 5内引線内徑的基底完全接觸，好讓實質的聲轉合是藉由 接頭之_介面接觸區部，而不是該處的引線。 t果有使用的話，這個原則也適用於心蕊棒也的末端和短 線40之間的介面接觸區38。 在運作時，琴信號(聲波)由轉換器施產生並聲麵合至 200825031 波導管20a。聲信號傳播通過波導管2〇a至槽10,因此藉由 槽引入玻璃熔體15。傳播的聲波在熔態玻璃内被不勻雜質 反射。反射的聲波通過槽壁，然後被由心蕊棒21b和包層 22b構成的第二波導管元件14接收。聲信號經由波導管2〇b 流至轉換器24b，在這裡轉換器產生一個相應的電子信號， 在經由管線40到達控制器16之前，先通過管線37到前置放 大器33,以及通過管線39到放大器26。然後電子信號可以 被抽樣和記錄。也可以利用數位示波器來將接收的信號數 位化,這裡的每筆數位化樣本包含一筆，，紀錄，，。 我們可以選擇由機器產生聲波的頻率以偵測出小氣 泡、索狀物，或其他不好雜質的出現。但是就我們所瞭解 仏號頻率必須夠低，好讓沿著聲音路徑的損耗是可接受的 。最好聲波的頻率是在大約100千赫和3〇〇千赫之間。 耸波在玻璃熔體内所測量的通過時間相對應玻璃炫體 的溫度。已經確定的是，在特定溫度細，通過日寺間和溫度 之間的相關大致是線性的。目而我們可以確定波導管元件 間聲脈衝的經過時間，並且用來計算炫體的溫度。也就是 說在某溫度範圍經過時間是可以確定的。所產生的相關也 可用來確疋溶體的溫度是根據所測量的經過時間。例如圖 4所顯示的是在_個實驗性設定中，經過時間作為溫度函數 的縱軸，通過破璃熔體的路徑在槽的傳輸部分和接收部分只 有55公釐。圖中顯示從約·。c到·。⑽，溫度和時^ =的線性_圖。而在約。⑶15说之間，趨勢線 變方向被認騎在這樣的高溫下始槽軟化的緣故。我們 第13 頁 200825031 相信藉著提出這個問題，譬如利用替換材料，便可以延伸溫 絲圍到鱗肖誦°c，在這魏細，較長祕徑也可能 達到較高的準確性。 為了偵測氣泡的存在，可以從儲存設備檢查數位化資 料，或即時從示波器上檢查，因為運輸或通過時間作為接受 信號的脈衝時間和量值(電壓）的函數。 目前的設置因此可以確定聲信號通過玻璃溶體的時間 ，以達到確定溶體溫度以及玻璃溶體内氣泡偵測的目的。 更有利的是，此項發明的設備和方法還可以使用在玻璃製造 系統，譬如形成玻璃片的製造系統。 明參圖5,所顯示的彳既要圖是一個依據本項發明實施 範例的範本玻璃製造系統42,使用熔化處理方式製造玻璃片 。例如，溶化處理方式被描述在美國專利第3, 338，賺號 (D〇ckerty) 〇玻璃製造系統42包括一個熔爐44(熔化器44) ，在裡未力υ工的材料由圖中箭頭妨處引入，然後溶化以形成 溶態玻璃48。再者，玻璃製造系統42通常包括由鉑或含鉑 金屬譬如鉑铑、鉑錶和其組合所製成，但也可以包括耐火 金屬像是鉬、鈀、銖、鈕、鈦、鎢或是其合金。含鉑的元 件可包括精煉槽5〇(即精煉槽管5〇)，熔化器至精煉槽連接 管52,混合槽54 (即攪拌室54)，精煉槽至攪拌室連接管56, 配送槽58(即碗槽58)，攪拌室至碗槽連接管60和降流管62 。溶態破璃經由形成槽66(即溶化管66)的入口 64處供應。 由入口 64處供應至形成槽66的熔態玻璃溢出形成槽66,分 成二股分開的玻璃流，流動聚合在形成槽66的外表面。這 第 Η 頁 200825031 二股=開的玻璃流，再結合在聚合形成表面的交界線處，以 形成單-玻璃片68。通常形成槽明是由陶究或玻璃陶曼财 火材料做成。 a由於分開的玻璃流下降到形成槽66聚合形成表面的外 σ陳面，並不與形絲面接觸，有原始外表面的結合玻璃片 ，很適合用來製造液晶顯示板。 依據本項發明的實施範例，設備8最好也可以使用在玻 _造系統42含_部份之内。例如，-個或以上的設備8 ‘ $以耦合至任何或更多個以下元件:熔化器至精煉槽連接 管52,精煉槽50,精煉槽至攪拌室連接管邡或擾拌室54，以 偵測出溶態玻璃内的不勻雜質。如果债測到不句雜質，就 得採取業界熟知此技術者的補救措施，以降低這種不句雜 貝。例如，軋泡可以藉由改變精煉槽外部的空氣層而減少 (譬如，增加空氣中的氳含量）。也可以藉由增加擾摔室的 攪拌速度來緩和索狀物的產生。當然此項發明的方法和設 f 備並不限制使用在目前所描述的溶化玻璃製造系統，還可200825031 IX. INSTRUCTIONS: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] This ant is related to the __ species Zhao, and it is related to a glass melt in which the glass melt is irradiated by super-chopper. [Prior Art] Southern quality glass is formed by controlling the cooling of the glass solution. However, the B. sinensis may include uneven inclusions such as fine inclusions, small amounts of misalignment, and chemical components commonly referred to as cords. In particular, the job of the cable leads to the _ touch rate. These local areas with different refractive indices can be used to make the glass produced without some precise use. In general, the glass melt is determined by sampling _, or (4) setting the thermocouple _ to the sensor at each stage of the process. Under the high temperature of the industrial glass process, the soluble glass is usually contained and/or flows through a closed conduit insulated from the entire periphery of the conduit, making sampling almost impossible. On the other hand, very few axial sensors can withstand the high temperatures that persist in the glass treatment. In some processes of the glass melt, although the temperature of the hot pack is turned over, the rate of the thermocouple is unacceptable due to the unacceptable rate of the domain couple, so the use of the thermocouple is not feasible. Moreover, in the glass glare, the person-domain may be soiled, and the process may be interrupted, or the heat loss may be firstly obtained, thereby reducing the quality of the product. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present system non-invasively demonstrates the characteristics of the glass melt, which may be used to respond to the sensed sensing for the 200825031 glass, to produce a nominally characterized glass. That is, the system provides new knowledge of the characteristics of the glass melt, which can handle the number of teas that are correspondingly adjusted, thereby improving the quality of the product. In particular, the present system can provide a method for explaining a glass solution by combining sound waves through the outer surface of the groove to the glass solution, the groove retaining a certain amount of glass ___solution_not (10)f reflection, finely reflected wave, And determining or detecting the presence of non-uniform impurities (including gases and solids) in the glass melt corresponding to the detected reflected sound waves. In a further arrangement, to illustrate the glass solution, the system includes a trough containing a glass melt, the first acoustic waveguide being engaged to an outer surface of the trough to acoustically couple an acoustic wave from the first transducer to the glass a melt, and the second acoustic waveguide is joined to the outer surface of the refractory metal groove to acoustically couple a reflected acoustic wave from the glass glare to the second converter, the reflected acoustic wave corresponding to the uneven impurity in the glass melt, Thus neither the first second acoustic waveguide nor the direct contact with the glass melt. As we have seen, the foregoing summary and the following detailed description are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and are intended to provide an outline or architecture as claimed. The drawings are included to provide a further understanding of this invention and are therefore incorporated and constitute a part of this specification. The figures are not necessarily to scale, and the size of the various elements may be distorted for clarity. The drawings illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention, and together with the description, illustrate the principles and operation of the invention. Page 6 200825031 [Embodiment] C; u Sound is a vibration that passes or conducts a medium like liquid or air. The source of vibration is the repetitive disturbance of this medium. For example, when the ringing ring is hit, the vibration is generated. The edge of the bell moves according to the air encircling it, first creating a high pressure zone as the air moves outward and then creating a low pressure zone as the air moves inward. The high and low pressure regions are called so-called compressed and sparse regions, respectively. The adjacent molecules that affect the air pass through the medium like waves: the molecules of the air towel move backwards or forwards according to the high and low pressure of the lion, and then act on adjacent molecules in sequence. And then act on its adjacent molecules and so on. Therefore, the high and low voltage regions generally pass through the medium as waves having a specific velocity and wavelength. According to the invention, a method for using a basic pulse echo is proposed to represent a molten glass state: an electrical pulse is generated by a high frequency pulse ejector, and then a suitable waveguide shoulder is used, for example, by a first waveguide. The sound is converted to a surface-to-t converter of the glass refining body and converted into a sound (acoustic) wave. Ultrasonic waves pass through the waveguide and pass through the __ position to the glass hybrid. In the solution, sound waves may attenuate and diffuse when they do not appear, and reflect from the edges. The reflected wave is spliced by the diffractive two-waveguide wire to the second converter of the rupture body, so that the sound wave can be converted back to an electronic signal. This signal is amplified and processed by the appropriate data acquisition system. For example, the signal can be handed over to the active sound wave through time and frequency transcription (4). The 趟 parameter ages the physical and geometric properties of the scale H, such as ultrasonic attenuation, the appearance of unhooked impurities (: / package), the flow rate in the solution, the temperature of the glare, and so on. VIII 200825031 The term "broken glass" encompasses a random, liquid (amorphous) molecular structure. The glass manufacturing process requires that the raw material be heated to a temperature sufficient to produce a relatively low viscosity melt that becomes as the melt cools. Hard and not crusted. The broken glass melt may be any of a variety of ingredients, including soda lime glass, lead glass, borosilicate glass, high aluminosilicate glass, 96% stone stone, melted crucible Stone glass and high alumina borosilicate glass. The term "glass melt" or "fused glass" encompasses a variety of glass components above its individual softening point. Usually the glass melting point is between about 12 ° C and 1700 ° C. The term "sound wave" covers mechanical vibration transmitted through a medium. In one setting, the sound waves are within the ultrasonic range, approximately between 1 kHz and 3 kHz. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, Figure j shows an exemplary apparatus 8 for illustrating a glass melt, including a tank 1 , a pair of acoustic waveguide assemblies 14, and a controller 16. The groove 1 can be wound by a thermally insulated refractory jacket. The trough 10 can be any of a wide variety of ports that retain a certain volume of glass melt. The trough 10 can be self-contained with an open or closed top end and retain a certain volume of glass melt. In this arrangement, slot 1 defines the flow path selected to connect the L-guide elements 12, 14 to allow detection within a certain percentage of the cross-section of the flow path. Thus, the tank 1 保 can retain or accept the flow of the glass raft from the upstream position, and can also allow the glass solution to flow to the downstream position. The tank 10 can be a line through which the glass melt flows, as shown in Figure i as a cross section of the line. 'The tank 10 should be constructed of a material that can withstand the required operating temperature of the glass melt. 200825031. It is usually about _°c and ·. Between c. Preferably, the trough comprises a white genus including tumbling, recording, sputum, sputum, exemption, iron or alloys thereof. Alternatively, other high temperature resistant materials can be used. For example, tantalum can also be used alone as an effective channel material or in combination with other materials. Once a waveguide: component 12, J4 sound fits into the slot to define a sound path extending from the first wave return element 12 through a portion of the groove wall into the glass melt remaining in the groove, and then from the melt The other waveguide member 14 is accessed through the opposite portion of the wall of the slot. Figure 1 shows the pair of collinear and diametrically across the slots, acoustically lightly merging the waveguide elements 12, 14, thus providing a straight acoustic path between the waveguide elements. It is not suitable for _ tearing on the sound wave of the effect of the sound wave (10) Bay '· # such as larger glass bubbles, such as across the sound path, about a diameter of the diameter of the uneven impurities. This path may result in a decrease in the amplitude of the ultrasonic signal detected by the receiving transducer. The other arrangement is suitable for the detection of small and uneven impurities, such as small bubbles of a few millimeters, so the waveguide can be arranged in a V shape. In a further configuration, it is contemplated that the plurality of waveguide element pairs 12 and 14 can be acoustically coupled to the slots. The waveguide pairs are preferably collinear and opposite in diameter and slot, but multiple V-shaped tubes can be constructed as needed for the application. Since the waveguide elements 12, 14 are fundamentally identical, the following description will be directed to the waveguide element 12, as is well known, and the description of the individual elements is equivalent to the element 14 unless specifically mentioned. The elements of the waveguide elements 12 and 14 are different in the drawings, each adding a and b at the end of the individual element number. The waveguide element 12 includes a waveguide 2〇a composed of a core bar 21a and a cladding 22a, with a 200825031 and a car changer, 24a, and one end of the waveguide 2〇a is acoustically coupled to the former, and the waveguide The other end of the application is lightly coupled to the slot 10. Preferably, the waveguide 20a is physically connected or mixed with 1G, and is also county 1 (). In the example of money f, the wave g 20a is also only connected to the converter. Methods of physically joining waveguides include soldering/welding, lead fittings, or any other practical method. Since the converter 24a cannot reliably operate with the glass melt and the resistance at the rising temperature, the waveguide 2〇a is combined with the converter (a) of the converter, 24a and the refractory tank for the purpose of converting the ϋ and <; fire trough. This spacing action produces a temperature gradient along the length of the waveguide, allowing the converter to operate at lower temperatures than the refractory tank and the glass bristles. Converter 24a is a machine suitable for generating ultrasonic signals. For example, it might be a Langevin or Tonpilz type converter. The converter 2 converts the electronic signal generated by the ϋ 23 and seals the amplifier 25 into an acoustic signal or wave. The signal goes to ϋ 23 and the ϋ 25 can be used in the conventional way via the control lines 29, 31 to the converter, 24a. The controller 16 is also coupled to the signal generator 23 via a miscellaneous line 27. Perhaps the controller 16 can also be a dedicated processor or computer. Converter 24a is acoustically coupled to waveguide f2〇a, (10) is transmitting an acoustic signal or wave to the glass melt, possibly including biasing waveguide 2()a to converter 24a. Skew 彳 ί Due to the loading of the waveguide (or converter), or due to another deflection, it is like a component of the η. But a more robust fit, such as soldering/soldering, lead fittings, etc., can improve signal transmission from the converter to the waveguide. The waveguide officer 20a is a tensile element that can transmit ultrasonic signals. Although the waveguide 2〇a can be a variety of settings, such as a step or a pyramid, page 10, 200825031 or a folding e, we have found that the tensile element can be a better waveguide. Since the waveguide officer 20a is connected to the slot 1 at one end, the waveguide 2〇a should be able to withstand the high temperature experienced by the tank, and at the same time serve as an effective waveguide. Therefore, the waveguide 20a preferably includes a refractory metal core bar 2la such as a turn-over or a platinum alloy such as a gilt alloy. In one configuration, the core rod 21a has an outer diameter of about 3 mm. The waveguide 2A preferably also includes a cladding 22a. The cladding 22a is preferably a ceramic material such as mullite (3Al2〇3 · 2Si〇2) and provides a higher speed acoustic path than the core. The cladding tube 22a preferably extends along the entire length of the core rod 21a. The outer diameter of the core bar 2la should fit snugly within the inner diameter of the cladding 22a. In the selected arrangement, a sonicating agent can be placed between the core bar 21a and the cladding 22a to ensure proper acoustical interference between the core bar and the cladding. In other words, the waveguide cladding can be formed on the periphery of the core bar 21a. In order to maintain the proper operating temperature of the converter 24a, the cladding 22a can be shortened so that the cladding 22a having a length of about 8-10 mm from the end of the adjacent converter 24a is exposed. The cooled air stream can pass through the exposed portion of the channel 3a through the core bar 21a to maintain the temperature of the converter and waveguide interface at about 5 。. Below you. Referring to Figure 1, the outer tube 32a can concentrically surround each waveguide. The outer tube should be spaced outside the waveguide 20a to form an annulus between the waveguide 20a and the outer tube 32a. For example, the annulus may also contain air. One end of the outer tube 32a is joined to the outer surface 34 of the slot 10. The engagement of the outer tube 32a into the wall of the groove will increase the clarity of the area of the wall of the groove to radiate and receive acoustic energy (i.e., acoustic waves). Since the trough 10 is usually surrounded by a refractory insulating material 18, the outer surface of the U.S. is a separate space from the vicinity of the U and provides a space for cooling the waveguide. For example, the outer g 32a may include ceramics such as oxidized Ming (ship). Alternatively, the outer tube joint or the material can be combined with the groove 1G to make the (iv) fire adhesive. In some implementations, as shown in Figure 1, the waveguide 20a can be coupled to the slot 1{) by soldering/stunning a lead connector such as the socket 35 to the slot 10. The complementary lead is at the end of the wave-backed 2G-clearing core bar 21, and thus the waveguide is coupled to the slot by the waveguide lead to the socket. As shown in Fig. 2, the socket 35 is in the form of an inner lead ring, and the waveguide 20a includes an outer lead at one end, which is physically coupled to the socket 35 and the slot 1〇. Sockets are best included in platinum or alloys. Alternatively, as shown in Figure 3, the waveguide is coupled to the slot. It can also be done by the following steps: adding a lead wire to the slot ι〇 (Ο » if using solder or ^^) and then forming a complementary lead recess to the waveguide 2〇a (ie ~ from the rod 21a)' Here, the waveguide 2〇a can be leaded to a short line such as α, and through the &, spring 4〇 light combining waveguide 2Qa to the groove 1G. A simpler method can directly solder or dazzle the core bar 21a to the slot 1〇. When coupling the waveguide 2〇a to the joint 35 or the short wire 4〇, we find that a good planar contact can be ensured between the f physical coupling methods. That is to say, the end face of the core, 21a should preferably traverse the longitudinal axis of the waveguide so that it is in full contact with the base of the inner diameter of the lead in the joint 5, so that the substantial acoustic coupling is by the interface of the joint. District, not the lead of the place. If used, this principle also applies to the interface contact area 38 between the end of the core bar and the stub 40. In operation, the piano signal (sound wave) is generated by the transducer and acoustically coupled to the 200825031 waveguide 20a. The acoustic signal propagates through the waveguide 2〇a to the slot 10, so that the glass melt 15 is introduced through the slot. The propagating sound waves are reflected by the uneven impurities in the molten glass. The reflected sound waves pass through the wall of the groove and are then received by the second waveguide element 14 consisting of the core bar 21b and the cladding 22b. The acoustic signal flows via the waveguide 2〇b to the converter 24b, where the converter generates a corresponding electronic signal that passes through line 37 to preamplifier 33 and through line 39 before reaching controller 16 via line 40. Amplifier 26. The electronic signal can then be sampled and recorded. A digital oscilloscope can also be used to digitize the received signal, where each digitized sample contains a stroke, a record, and a . We can choose the frequency at which the sound waves are generated by the machine to detect the appearance of small bubbles, ropes, or other undesirable impurities. But as far as we know, the nickname frequency must be low enough so that the loss along the sound path is acceptable. Preferably, the frequency of the sound waves is between about 100 kHz and 3 kHz. The passing time measured in the glass melt corresponds to the temperature of the glass bristles. It has been determined that at a particular temperature, the correlation between the day and the temperature is roughly linear. It is also possible to determine the elapsed time of the acoustic pulse between the waveguide elements and to calculate the temperature of the glare. That is to say, the elapsed time in a certain temperature range can be determined. The resulting correlation can also be used to determine the temperature of the solution based on the measured elapsed time. For example, as shown in Fig. 4, in the experimental setting, the elapsed time is a longitudinal axis as a function of temperature, and the path through the frit melt is only 55 mm in the transport portion and the receiving portion of the groove. The figure shows from about. c to ·. (10), the linear _ graph of temperature and time ^ =. And about. (3) 15 said that the trend line is changed in the direction of being recognized at such a high temperature and the groove is softened. We Page 13 200825031 I believe that by asking this question, for example, by using replacement materials, it is possible to extend the temperature to the scales. In this case, the longer path may also achieve higher accuracy. To detect the presence of bubbles, the digital data can be checked from the storage device or immediately from the oscilloscope because the transport or transit time is a function of the pulse time and magnitude (voltage) of the received signal. The current setup thus determines the time that the acoustic signal passes through the glass solution to achieve the purpose of determining the solution temperature and bubble detection in the glass solution. More advantageously, the apparatus and method of the present invention can also be used in glass manufacturing systems, such as manufacturing systems that form glass sheets. Referring to Figure 5, the schematic diagram shown is a template glass manufacturing system 42 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, which uses a melt processing method to produce a glass sheet. For example, the dissolution treatment method is described in U.S. Patent No. 3,338, the earning (D〇ckerty) glass-lined manufacturing system 42 includes a furnace 44 (melter 44), and the material that has not been completed in the drawings is shown by the arrow in the figure. It is introduced and then melted to form a soluble glass 48. Furthermore, the glass manufacturing system 42 typically comprises platinum or a platinum-containing metal such as platinum rhodium, a platinum watch, and combinations thereof, but may also include a refractory metal such as molybdenum, palladium, rhodium, knob, titanium, tungsten, or the like. alloy. The platinum-containing component may include a refining tank 5 (i.e., a refining tank 5), a melter to a refining tank connecting pipe 52, a mixing tank 54 (i.e., a stirring chamber 54), a refining tank to a stirring chamber connecting pipe 56, and a dispensing tank 58. (i.e., the bowl 58), the mixing chamber to the bowl connection tube 60 and the downcomer 62. The molten glass is supplied via the inlet 64 forming the groove 66 (i.e., the melting tube 66). The molten glass supplied from the inlet 64 to the forming groove 66 overflows to form the groove 66, which is divided into two separate glass streams, and the flow polymerization is formed on the outer surface of the groove 66. This page 200825031 Two strands = open glass stream, combined with a boundary line at the surface where the polymer is formed to form a single-glass sheet 68. Usually formed troughs are made of ceramic or glass Tauman financial materials. a Since the separated glass flow drops to the outer sigma surface which forms the surface of the groove 66 to form a surface, and is not in contact with the surface of the wire, the bonded glass piece having the original outer surface is suitable for the manufacture of the liquid crystal display panel. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, apparatus 8 may preferably also be used within the _ portion of glass system 42. For example, one or more devices 8' $ are coupled to any one or more of the following components: a melter to refining tank connection pipe 52, a refining tank 50, a refining tank to a mixing chamber connection pipe or a scaffolding chamber 54, Uneven impurities in the molten glass were detected. If the debt is found to be non-exclusive, it is necessary to take remedial measures from those who are familiar with the technology in the industry to reduce this miscellaneous. For example, the blistering can be reduced by changing the layer of air outside the refining tank (e.g., increasing the enthalpy content in the air). It is also possible to alleviate the generation of the rope by increasing the stirring speed of the disturbing chamber. Of course, the method and apparatus of the present invention are not limited to use in the melted glass manufacturing system described so far.
應用在任何利用金屬槽處理熔態玻璃的玻璃形成處裡作業 上。 V 範例1: 幾支波導管，每個包括大約3公釐直徑的鉑铑心蕊棒被 乾燥插入至大約有9. 5公釐外徑的多鋁紅柱石包層。心 蕊棒被焊接到鉑铑的外表面，通常是有共線關係大約55毫 米直徑的圓柱形坩堝，以使各支波導管的縱軸相符合。多 鋁紅柱石包層在各個鉑合金棒上縮短，以使暴露的棒端 第15 頁 200825031 了以在不鏽鋼管裡垂直地通過洞孔。一種商業上可用的1 兆赫〇· 25射超音波轉換器，以一置於轉換器和棒之間的 超音波輕合H，輕娜各波料的各轉鮮(譬如一種傳 送轉換器和-種接受轉換器）。不鏽鋼键載冷卻的空氣 流，在波導管和轉換器的介面處維持大約机的溫度。 接著，氧化紹(ΑΙΑ)外管同心地圍繞各波導管，並添 力口到坩禍上以界定堝的輻射和接收區域。這個元件再 被插入至個管式烘相，使波導管延伸至供箱之夕卜。 高鋁硼矽酸玻璃先在另一個槽預先溶化以確保能去除 玻璃内預先存在m綠縣麟轉糊職。在一 項配置中，傳送的機器是由Metrotek咿217以最大脈衝 寬度，阻尼電阻和振幅運作來驅動。透過第二波導管由接 受轉換器偵測到的接受信號，透過具〇· H· 4麟過滤器的 ^uel & Kaer 2637前置放大器，結合設定成〇· 〇5—2兆赫帶 覓和20dB放大作用的Bruel & Kaer 2638調節放大器導引 通過。XI個信號由-臺Lecr〇y 9450數位示波器以8位元解 析度數位化，在觸發器延遲8〇微秒之後，以1〇兆赫採樣速率 一共記錄了 2, 500個樣本。 在本項貫驗的第一部份，利用玻璃溶體内一個清晰的 聲音路徑，在時間域回應大約有250筆紀錄被記錄下來並加 以平均。一支大約有10公釐外徑和6公釐内徑的陶瓷管通 過熔爐的頂部，被插入坩堝内的熔體。壓縮的氮氣通過此 官慢慢地吹入玻璃熔體，在坩堝的底部附近，產生上升到熔 體表面的氣泡。在壓縮的氮氣管線中的起泡瓶可約略顯示 第16 頁 200825031 瞬間產生的每個氣泡。溶爐的溫度約是157(rc。 如果沒有氣泡管，超音波路經是清晰的，由示波器所顯 示的時間域回應爾穩定。氣泡管隨後被引入熔體並且 在約第250筆紀錄處，產生第—個氣泡，而且以相當固定的 速率每1-2秒產生-個氣泡。在實驗期間，示波器榮勒皮用 來顯示_反應_。這些_如·魅的速率出現。 如同先前的例子，這些紀錄藉著—部測千赫細代巴 特沃斯(Butterworth)濾波器來過濾，他們的包絡線被計算 出，並且扣掉初期未微擾期間的平均包絡線(在這種情況； 第一個150筆紀錄）。於第250和55〇筆紀錄之間，我們在反 應圖中觀察到13個氣泡通過。 圖6顯示的簡單輸出說明了上述實驗，侧轉換器輪出 電壓作為樣本(紀錄)時間上的函數。可以清楚輔出大約 在紀錄(樣本）250的地方，铜到氣泡的出現，以一系列十 二個電壓尖峰，對應於十三個發出的氣泡。令人驚奇地，電 壓減少被認為是氣泡的指標。—般認為，電壓增加是傳送 和接受轉換器元件不完美對準的結果，或者是氣泡的聚集 作用。 热知此技術者連接本發明能夠作各種變化及改變而並 不會脫離本發明之精神及範圍。本發明各種變化及改變均 含蓋於下_請_細及制等情況範圍内。 【附圖簡單說明】 第一圖是依據本系統實施範例，用來偵測和/或說明破 璃熔體特徵的設備截面圖。 200825031 第二圖是第一圖設備中，耦合 的槽壁間的一個放大截面圖。、_包含玻璃_ 第三圖是第一圖設備中，以另一 包含玻璃熔體的槽頻的一個放大^式轉合波導管和 第四圖是在一個實驗性設定中 w 徑溫度的函數的經過時間圖。’耳域作為聲音路 第五圖是一個利用第_圖伯 範例玻璃製造系統的示意圖。、/、σ或說明設備的最佳 第六圖是顯示偵測轉換器輪出電 時間的函數圖。 為樣本(、、、己錄） 附圖元件數字元號說明： 設備8;槽1();祕管元件12 制器16;耐火夾套18;波導 坡队體A·控 包層细篇;信號產生器23;轉換=:_b; 25,26;控制線27,29 31;通道3〇 3管=杰 前置放大器33;外部表面34;插 : 32a，32b; 管線37’_線38，紙·玻猶造二 頭46;熔融破璃48;精煉槽5〇，·連接，=爐44;箭 54;配送槽58;連接㈣;降流管62;入口，6;授拌室 66;玻璃片朗。 ， 64,形成槽 頁 第18It is used in any glass forming location where molten glass is treated with a metal bath. V Example 1: Several waveguides, each comprising a platinum rhodium core of approximately 3 mm diameter, were dry-inserted into a mullite cladding having an outer diameter of approximately 9.5 mm. The core bar is welded to the outer surface of the platinum crucible, typically a cylindrical crucible having a collinear relationship of approximately 55 mm diameter to conform the longitudinal axes of the respective waveguides. The mullite cladding is shortened on each platinum alloy rod so that the exposed rod ends pass through the holes vertically in the stainless steel tube. A commercially available 1 megahertz 25 25-shot ultrasonic transducer with a supersonic light H placed between the converter and the rod, each of which is lightly tuned (such as a transmission converter and - Kind of acceptor). The stainless steel key carries the cooled air flow, maintaining an approximate machine temperature at the interface of the waveguide and the converter. Next, the outer tube of the oxidized outer tube concentrically surrounds the waveguides and adds force to the fault to define the radiation and receiving areas of the crucible. This element is then inserted into a tubular bake phase to extend the waveguide to the box. The high-alumina borosilicate glass is pre-dissolved in another tank to ensure that the pre-existing m-green stalks in the glass are removed. In one configuration, the transfer machine is driven by the Metrotek® 217 with maximum pulse width, damping resistance and amplitude operation. The receiving signal detected by the receiving transducer through the second waveguide is combined with the ^uel & Kaer 2637 preamplifier with a 〇·H· 4 Lin filter, and is set to 〇·〇5-2 MHz band 觅 and The Bruel & Kaer 2638 conditioning amplifier with 20dB amplification is guided through. The XI signals are digitized by an 8-bit digital oscilloscope with an 8-bit resolution. After the trigger delay is 8 μ microseconds, a total of 2,500 samples are recorded at a sampling rate of 1 megahertz. In the first part of this test, a clear sound path in the glass solution was used, and approximately 250 records were recorded in the time domain and averaged. A ceramic tube having an outer diameter of about 10 mm and an inner diameter of 6 mm is passed through the top of the furnace and inserted into the melt in the crucible. Compressed nitrogen is slowly blown through the glass melt through the nozzle, creating bubbles that rise to the surface of the melt near the bottom of the crucible. The bubbling bottle in the compressed nitrogen line can roughly display each bubble generated on page 16 of 200825031. The temperature of the furnace is about 157 (rc. If there is no bubble tube, the ultrasonic path is clear, and the time domain shown by the oscilloscope responds stably. The bubble tube is then introduced into the melt and at about the 250th record, The first bubble is generated, and a bubble is generated every 1-2 seconds at a fairly constant rate. During the experiment, the oscilloscope is used to display the _reaction_. These _like charms appear. As in the previous example These records are filtered by the Butterworth filter, which is calculated by the kilometer, and their envelope is calculated and the average envelope of the initial unperturbed period is deducted (in this case; A 150 record). Between the 250th and 55th pen records, we observed 13 bubbles passing through the reaction chart. The simple output shown in Figure 6 illustrates the above experiment, the side converter wheel voltage as a sample ( Record) A function of time. It is clear that the approximate occurrence of the record (sample) 250, the appearance of copper to bubbles, with a series of twelve voltage spikes, corresponding to thirteen emitted bubbles. Surprisingly, Electricity Pressure reduction is considered to be an indicator of air bubbles. It is generally believed that voltage increase is the result of imperfect alignment of the transmitting and receiving transducer elements, or the accumulation of bubbles. It is known that those skilled in the art can make various changes and changes in connection with the present invention. The present invention does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Various changes and modifications of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. The first figure is based on an embodiment of the present system. A cross-sectional view of a device used to detect and/or illustrate the characteristics of a broken glass. 200825031 The second figure is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the coupled groove wall in the first device. _Including glass _ The third figure is In the apparatus of the drawing, an enlarged conversion waveguide and a fourth diagram of another groove frequency including the glass melt are an elapsed time diagram of a function of the w-path temperature in an experimental setting. The fifth diagram of the road is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing system using the _Tuber example glass. The /, σ or the best sixth figure of the device is a function of detecting the time of the converter wheel power-off. Illustrated) Digital component number of the drawing component: device 8; slot 1 (); secret tube component 12 controller 16; refractory jacket 18; waveguide slope body A · control layer detail; signal generator 23; =:_b; 25,26; control line 27, 29 31; channel 3〇3 tube = Jie preamplifier 33; external surface 34; plug: 32a, 32b; pipeline 37'_line 38, paper · glass is still two Head 46; molten glass 48; refining tank 5 〇, · connection, = furnace 44; arrow 54; distribution tank 58; connection (four); downflow tube 62; inlet, 6; mixing chamber 66; glass sheet lang. , forming the slot page 18