TW200820272A - Lightning arrester, grounding electrode and method for reducing lightning surge voltage - Google Patents

Abstract

A lightning arrestor (1) for flowing the thunder surge current due to lightning strike (7) to the ground comprises a steel pipe (3), a conductor (4) coaxially disposed in the steel pipe (3), an a filler (10) placed between the steel pipe (3) and the conductor (4) and having a conductivity. With this, the thunder surge current flowing through the lightning arrestor (1) is divided. The low-frequency component flows through the conductor (4), and the high-frequency component flows through the steel pipe (3) outside the conductor (4) and the filler (10).

Description

200820272 IX. INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVENTION: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a lightning protection device, a grounding electrode and a lightning surge voltage for preventing lightning damage by causing a lightning surge current 5 generated by a lightning strike to flow to a ground side The method of reduction.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The lightning surge current of the field π output is destroyed by lightning strikes to various equipment or trees such as buildings and signals. In recent years, electronic machines with particularly weak electrical shocks have also increased, and the damage is quite serious. In order to prevent such a lightning hazard, a conductor (which is also commonly referred to as a lightning protection meter, including a lightning arresting pin and a lightning conductor) for ensuring the lightning surge current generated by the lightning strike is used in advance. =Electric large wave current contains AC current of various frequencies. When the lightning surge current is caused by the lightning strike current in the lightning rod conductor, the voltage of the lightning surge current increases, that is, the voltage of the lightning surge current (ie, in the lightning surge current) The high frequency is the electric power of the conductor, and the electric power of the fish is reduced by the product of the differential component di/dt of the squat, the squat, and the divergence. Therefore, when this voltage drops by the amount v, and the circumferential edge endurance is generated, the dielectric breakdown occurs, and the cremation discharge (referred to as flashover) in the conductor periphery causes an unpredictable thundering technique to the surroundings. In order to prevent the aforementioned flashover, it is described that Japanese Patent Application No. 2008-186160 is provided with an insulator of 200820272 outside the lightning rod conductor, so that the periphery of the lightning rod conductor is completely insulated, thereby preventing the occurrence of flashover. However, the lightning protection technique disclosed in this patent document causes a slight breakage even if a crack enters an insulator or the like provided on the outer periphery of the conductor of the lightning arrester, and the insulation is broken and flashover occurs. The possibility of flashover is as long as the conductor length of the lightning rod conductor is longer, and therefore, the lightning rod conductor is required to have higher insulation endurance. Further, one of the conductors is connected to the lightning protection pin at the end, and is placed on the upper part of a building or various equipment for preventing the object to be struck to receive a lightning strike. The other 10 end is connected to a ground electrode buried in the earth. In this way, the lightning surge current flows to the lightning conductor, the grounding electrode, and the ground in order to avoid the damage of the building to prevent the lightning target. In addition, in the grounding process, the earthing resistance of the grounding type A (generally called grounding impedance) is purchased. Usually the grounding impedance is represented by an equivalent circuit composed of a resistor, an inductor, and a capacitor. The main resistor 15 is the contact resistance of the ground electrode and the ground and the earth resistance. The inductance is the inductance of the ground electrode, and the capacitance is the capacitance between the ground electrode and the earth. In the above equivalent circuit, the inductor and the resistor are connected in series, and the resistor and the capacitor are connected in parallel. In the grounding impedance represented by this equivalent circuit, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the voltage of the series circuit in which the inductance and the resistance are applied differs depending on the frequency 2 〇 component of the current flowing. That is, if it is a commercial frequency current of DC or 5 Hz, 6 Hz, most of the circuit voltage is applied to the resistor. On the other hand, the frequency component of the electric power is increased, and the voltage of the inductance component is also significant. The circuit voltage becomes the value of the resistance component and the inductance component. Therefore, when the lightning surge current flows to the ground electrode, the voltage generated at the ground electrode at the resistance value of 6 200820272 is for this reason. In the conventional grounding engineering, from the viewpoint of suppressing the rise of the lightning surge current with respect to the private position of the electrode, (丨) further reducing the resistance of the project or (2), reducing the grounding impedance reading strategy. However, fresh engineering requires 5 non-ten cost or days. Further, the reduction of the resistance of the above (1) is not necessarily related to the reduction of the grounding impedance, and the cost performance is low. In the above (2), it is necessary to carry out several additional projects and measurements until the expected value is obtained, and there is also a problem of cost performance. Now, in the grounding impedance, when the resistance is 1 〇Ω, the inductance is 1〇#H, and the magnitude of the canine wave current is 100kA and l〇〇kA//zs, when the lightning surge current flows to the above ground. The electrode produces ΙΟ^χΙΟΟβΑΗΐΟί^Α/μΟχΗΗμΗΗοοοανΗοοοαν): The potential of 2000(kv) rises. Minimizing the voltage of this inductive component is extremely effective in preventing dielectric breakdown of electrical equipment that is directly or indirectly connected to the ground electrode or equipment 15 that is nearby. • When the potential of the grounding electrode due to the lightning surge current rises, the contact voltage or step voltage increases, and the nearby residents or animals may be in danger of being electrocuted. When the two grounding electrodes are close to each other and grounded, when the lightning current flows directly to the first root, the lightning surge current is often shunted to the 222th, and the electrical equipment connected to the grounding electrode is subjected to disaster. . A typical example of a mine disaster for home appliances. Disclosure of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a lightning protection device capable of preventing lightning strikes caused by lightning strikes, and a lightning arrest device capable of preventing lightning damage, a structure having a lightning protection function, and a method for reducing a lightning surge voltage. Another object of the present invention is to provide a grounding impedance of a building or various devices such as a lightning protection object, in particular, the inductance is inherently lower than that of the conductor, and the value of 5 is low, thereby preventing lightning jamming current from being caused by lightning. A method for improving the cost performance of the grounding electrode, the grounding electrode group, and the lightning surge. In order to solve the above problems, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a lightning protection device for causing a lightning surge current generated by a φ field bag to flow to a ground side is provided, which is a steel tube coaxially disposed in a conductor of the steel pipe; And a filler filled between the above-mentioned 10 steel members and the aforementioned conductor and having electrical conductivity. The lightning protection device shunts the lightning surge current just described by the lightning strike, and the low frequency component flows in the other conductor, and the high frequency component flows in the steel pipe and the aforementioned filler. In the above-described lightning protection device, the filler may contain one or more materials selected from the group consisting of an electric resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic material. • In the above lightning protection device, the steel pipe and the conductor may be grounded by forming a terminal with a characteristic impedance of the coaxial system. In the lightning protection device described above, the conductor, the steel pipe, and the filling # may be attached to an installed device. According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a structural column having a lightning protection function for causing a field surge current generated by a lightning strike to flow to a ground side, comprising a support portion having a lightning protection function; and the support portion Supported, and has a support for the function of /, block lightning protection function. The grafting portion having the above-mentioned lightning protection power has a steel pipe; a conductor coaxially disposed in the steel pipe; and 8 200820272 is filled between the steel pipe and the conductor, and has a conductive filler. Further, the support portion diverts the lightning surge current generated by the lightning strike, and the low frequency component flows in the conductor, and the high frequency component flows in the steel pipe and the filler. In the structure having the lightning protection function, the filler may contain one or more materials selected from the group consisting of a resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic material. In the above structure having the lightning protection function, the steel pipe and the conductor may be grounded by forming the terminal with the characteristic impedance of the coaxial system. According to a third aspect of the present invention, a method for reducing a lightning surge voltage is provided, which is a method for reducing a lightning surge voltage when a lightning surge current generated by a lightning strike flows to a ground side, which is set in relation to The second current path of the high-frequency component of the lightning turbulence is lower than the first current path, so that the lightning surge current is shunted, and the low-frequency 15 rate component of the lightning surge current flows to the first current path. And the high frequency component flows to the second current path #2 to reduce the lightning surge voltage of the first current path. In the method for reducing the lightning surge voltage, the first current path may have a conductor; the second current path may be coaxially arranged to cover the outer circumference of the conductor and filled between the steel tube and the conductor; 20 conductive filler material. In the method for reducing the lightning surge voltage, the filler may have a material selected from the group consisting of a resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic material. In order to solve the above problems, according to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a grounding 9 200820272 fast pole is provided, which not only causes a ground fault current of a commercial frequency to flow to the earth, but also causes a lightning surge current generated by a lightning strike to flow to the earth. The invention comprises at least a portion of a tubular conductor embedded in the earth; an inner conductor coaxially disposed in the tubular conductor; and a filler filled between the tubular conductor and the inner conductor 5 and having electrical conductivity for high frequency components . The ground electrode shunts the lightning surge current generated by the lightning strike, and the low frequency component mainly flows in the inner conductor, and the high frequency component mainly flows in the tubular conductor and the filler. In the ground electrode, the filler may contain one or more materials selected from the group consisting of an electric resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic material. In the above grounding electrode, the tubular conductor and the inner conductor may be grounded by forming a terminal with a characteristic impedance of a coaxial system. The grounding electrode may be connected to a lightning protection device that causes a lightning dog wave current generated by a lightning strike to flow to the ground side. 15 In the ground electrode described above, a coaxial shape integral with the lightning protection device may be formed. The ground electrode may be connected to a grounding device that causes a commercial frequency power setting or a ground fault current of the power device to flow to the ground side. In the ground electrode, the tubular conductor may be buried in the axial direction in the wrong direction. In the ground electrode, the tubular conductor may be buried in the horizontal direction. In the ground electrode, the tubular conductor and the internal conductor may be connected to an equipotential bonding conductor. According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a ground electrode group having a plurality of the above ground electrodes is provided. According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, a method for reducing a lightning surge voltage is provided, which is a method for reducing a lightning surge voltage when a lightning surge current generated by a lightning strike flows to a ground side, which is the first method The current path is set such that one end thereof is disposed in the earth, and at the same time, a second current path having a lower impedance than the first current path with respect to the high-frequency component of the lightning surge current is set, and the lightning surge is applied to the frequency component by φ The current shunting causes the low frequency component of the lightning surge current to flow mainly to the first current path, and the high frequency component mainly flows 10 to the second current path to reduce the lightning surge voltage of the first current path. Even as a general ground electrode, it has the same function as the conventional one. In the method for reducing the lightning surge voltage, the first current path may be formed of an internal conductor, and the second current path may be coaxially disposed to cover a tubular conductor of an outer circumference of the inner conductor and filled in the steel pipe and the guide 15 It is composed of a body and a conductive filler. Φ In the method for reducing the lightning surge voltage, the filler may contain a material selected from the group consisting of a resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic material. In the above method for reducing the lightning surge voltage, a sheath may be provided on the outer circumference of the tubular conductor disposed on the coaxial 2G I. In this case, concrete or the like is used for the outer skin, and when it is buried, corrosion measures for the steel pipe can be taken. According to the present invention, when a lightning surge current generated by a lightning strike flows to a ground side via a conductor (ie, a shield pin conductor), the lightning surge current is shunted, and a low frequency component flows in a conductor that is a second current path. The high frequency component flows in the second current path disposed around the conductor at 11 200820272, whereby the lightning surge current can be reduced as compared with the conventional lightning protection device, and the voltage drop corresponding to the length of the conductor I is reduced when the conductor flows (ie, Lightning surge voltage). Thereby, it is possible to suppress an increase in the potential of the upper portion of the conductor and prevent the occurrence of flashover, and for example, it is possible to effectively prevent the lightning of the surrounding equipment such as the buried device. The ground electrode of the present invention has the effect of reducing the ground impedance. In particular, it has a structure that reduces the inductance inherent to the ground electrode. Therefore, not only the secret current of the commercial frequency φ rate, but also the power surge current can suppress the rise of the ground voltage when the current flows. In particular, the conventional method for reducing the grounding impedance 10 is an attempt. In the present invention, the cost performance including the shortened number of days is excellent as long as it is a project installed at the field. Since the ground electrode of the coaxial structure of the present invention is electromagnetically shielded by the inner conductor (center conductor) which is the outer side of the tubular conductor, the proportion of the shunt surge is extremely small. In this way, the shunting current is reduced, and the lightning of the electrical equipment is reduced. # According to the present invention, the lightning surge current can effectively suppress the rise of the potential of the ground electrode, and a very low ground impedance can be realized. Thereby, the lightning surge current can be surely flowed to the ground via the ground electrode, and it is possible to prevent the flow to the building and the unpredictable situation of the electronic equipment. The lightning surge voltage of the grounding electrode is relatively low even if the lightning surge current flowing from the ground to the earth flows through the earth to other equipment such as surrounding buildings, other adjacent grounding electrodes, people around it, and the like. The value of the disaster can be minimized and safer. Brief Description of the Drawings 12 200820272 Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the lightning protection device according to the first embodiment of the present invention in the vertical direction. Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 χ χ arrow. Figure 3 is a perspective view showing the expansion of the lightning protection device near the ground. 5 Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of a single-value long sound when a lightning surge current flows through a lightning protection device. Further, Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the vertical direction of the lightning protection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the vertical direction of the structural column according to the third embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the γ-γ arrow of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a structural view showing an example in which the ground electrode according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is applied to a building to be subjected to lightning damage prevention. Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the ground electrode in the vertical direction. 15 Fig. 10 is the enlarged cross-sectional view of Figure 9. Figure 11 is a perspective view showing the expansion of the ground electrode near the earth. Fig. 12 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a ground electrode of a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of a steel pipe, a conductor, and a filler, when a lightning surge current flowing from the upper end side of the conductor flows to the ground side. . Fig. 13 is a view for explaining the influence of the ground electrode of the embodiment of the present invention on the surrounding buildings. (4) shows the positional relationship between the ground electrode and the building located around it. (b) shows the relationship between the value of the lightning surge voltage (vertical axis) and the position of the Qianshe site (horizontal axis) when the lightning surge current flows from the ground electrode to the ground. 13 200820272 The figure is for explaining the influence of the ground electrode on the surrounding person in the embodiment of the present invention. (8) shows the positional relationship between the ground electrode and the person around the pie ground electrode. (8) shows the relationship between the value of the lightning surge voltage (vertical axis) of the lightning surge current flowing from the ground electrode to the earth mantle and the position axis of the point where it flows. 1 is a cross-sectional view in the vertical direction of a ground electrode group having a plurality of ground electrodes in a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a horizontal direction of a ground electrode group in which four ground electrodes are arranged horizontally in a tube axis direction according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a view showing a seventh embodiment of the present invention. A structural diagram of a coaxial electrode structure in which a lightning surge current generated by a lightning strike flows to a grounding-side lightning protection device. Figure 18 is an illustration of a perspective view of a coaxial cable. 15 Fig. 19 shows the results of the attenuation rate D (dB) per unit length of the φ current flowing through the conductor for each of the four types of conductance G. Figure 20 shows the calculation of three frequencies f = 1〇4, 105, ι〇6(Ηζ) for each of the four G values of the four G values plus G = 0 (σ = 0). AC current • The result of the characteristic impedance Ζ0 of the ground electrode 1 flowing through the conductor. [Embodiment] BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the present specification and the drawings, the same reference numerals are given to the elements having substantially the same functional configuration, and the repeated description is omitted. 14 200820272 Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view in the vertical direction of the lightning protection device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the X-arrow of Fig. 1. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the lightning protection device 1 has a structure in which an exposed conductor 4 is coaxially disposed inside the annular steel pipe 3 which is vertically disposed on the floor 2 in the vertical direction. The steel pipe 35 is made of stainless steel. The conductor 4 is made of copper or the like, and is disposed in the steel pipe 3 from the upper end side to the lower end side in the axial direction. The upper end of the conductor 4 is connected to a protruding pin 8 which is disposed slightly outside the upper end of the steel pipe 3 to receive the lightning strike 7. The conductor 4 is fixed to a central position in the steel pipe 3 by a plurality of insulating fixing means 5 provided at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the steel pipe 3. As shown in Fig. 2, a filler 10 having conductivity is filled between the steel pipe 3 and the conductor 4. In the present embodiment, the filler 1 is made of cement in which the respective materials of the resistor 15, the dielectric 16, and the magnetic body 17 are mixed at a predetermined ratio. As the resistor body 15, a metal fine powder (silver powder, copper powder, etc.) or graphite or the like is used. The dielectric body 16 is made of a material having a relatively low dielectric constant (for example, oxidized, barium titanate, etc.). The magnetic body 15 17 is made of ferrite or the like. Further, the cement as the filler 10 is preferably lightweight by constituting a foam. Fig. 3 is a perspective view showing the expansion of the lightning protection device in the vicinity of the ground 2. As shown in Fig. 3, the lower end of the steel pipe 3 is buried in the ground 2 (here, the ground 2 is regarded as a ground or may be used as a structural surface depending on the installation place), and is connected to the ground 20 system 20 to be grounded. The grounding system 2 has a structure in which the lower end of the steel pipe 3 and the conductor 4 located in the ground is connected to the deep buried electrode grounding pole 22 by the integrator 21. The integrator 21 is configured to form a terminal end of the characteristic impedance of the coaxial system formed by the steel pipe 3 and the lower end of the conductor 4 with the two 3, 4. Thereby, the lightning surge current I generated by the lightning strike 7 flows from the steel pipe 3 and the conductor 4 to the deep buried 15 200820272 ^ pole grounding pole 22 . Further, in the present embodiment, the cylindrical concrete material in which the steel is parallel and concentrically arranged in the axial direction is used. A lightning protection method according to an embodiment of the present invention executed by the lightning protection device 1 configured as above will be described. 5 When a lightning strike 7 is generated and a lightning strike is made to the protruding needle 8 at the upper end of the lightning protection device 1, as shown in Fig. 1, the lightning surge current I containing a plurality of frequency components flows from the upper end side in the axial direction of the body 4 of the lightning protection device 1 to Lower end side. A steel pipe 3 coaxially disposed in a state in which the outer periphery of the body 4 is disposed around the conductor 4, and a conductive filler 1 is filled between the conductor 4 and the steel & 3, & lightning surge current 10 attenuates as conductor 4 flows. Hereinafter, this phenomenon will be described using the circuit diagram shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 4 is a view showing the lightning protection of the embodiment of the present invention which is composed of the steel pipe 3, the conductor 4 and the filler 1 when the lightning strike to the field of the dog pin wave current I connected to the projecting pin 8 on the upper end side of the conductor 4 flows to the ground side. A circuit diagram of an equivalent 15 circuit per unit length of device i. In Fig. 4, the inductance of the L-type conductor 4, the encapsulation of the R-type conductor 4, and the capacitance between the C-type conductor 4 and the steel pipe 3. The conductance g is a conductance generated by the filler 1 including the resistor b, the dielectric 16 and the magnetic body 17. The lightning surge current I is attenuated when the conductor 4 flows. As shown in Fig. 4, the high frequency component of the lightning surge current I is filled through the outer side of the conductor 4 20 and the steel tube 3 (i.e., from Fig. 4) The point A1 shown flows in the direction of point B2). Thus, the lightning surge current j flowing to the conductor 4 and having attenuated is the low frequency component IL of the lightning dog wave current I. As such, the lightning protection device 1 of the embodiment of the present invention is configured to divert the lightning surge current of the lightning strike 7 into a low frequency component 咼 and a 咼 frequency component IH, and the low frequency component II is in the conductor 4 of the first current path 16 200820272 The high frequency component IH flows in the steel pipe 3 and the filler 10 in the second current path. When the attenuated lightning surge current 1 (i.e., the low frequency component I of the lightning surge current I) flows through the conductor 4, the lightning surge voltage VL is VL = LxdIL / dt. The lightning surge voltage vL is a lightning surge voltage VL+H = Lx{d(IL+lH) generated by the lightning surge current I (=IL+IH) flowing to the conductor 4 as compared with the conventional lightning protection device. ) /dt} is reduced. On the other hand, when the high-frequency component IH of the lightning surge current I flows through the steel pipe 3 and the filler 1〇 outside the conductor 40, the resistor body 15, the dielectric body 16, and the magnetic body mainly contained in the filler material 1〇 π produces resistance heating, dielectric heating, and 10 dielectric heating, consuming one part of its energy. The low-frequency component of the lightning surge current flowing in the conductor 4 and the high-frequency component of the lightning surge current flowing in the filler 10 and the steel pipe 3 flow to the lower end side in the axial direction, reaching lower than the ground 2 When the position is as shown in Fig. 3, it flows to the grounding system 20. That is, the lightning surge current I flows through the integrator 21, and the grounding pole 22 of the terminal is formed by the characteristic impedance of the coaxial system. φ According to the above embodiment, the lightning protection device 1 is formed as a coaxial cable in which the conductor 4 is disposed in the center of the steel pipe 3, and further, the electrically conductive filler 10 is filled between the steel pipe 3 and the conductor 4, whereby the lightning surge current is 1 When the conductor 4 is shunted, the low frequency component 11 is mainly flowed through the conductor 4 of the first current path. The frequency component ΪΗ flows mainly in the second current path provided around the conductor 4. Thereby, compared with the conventional lightning protection technology in which almost all lightning surge currents j flow on the conductor 4, the amount of current flowing in the conductor 4 can be reduced, and the lightning surge voltage (Lxdi/dt) generated by the conductor 4 can be reduced. In order to stabilize the lightning surge current I flowing in the conductor*, it is sure to prevent the lightning surge current generated by the lightning strike 7 from being ignited by the lightning protection device i, and the lightning damage can be effectively prevented. By constructing the integrator 22 in the grounding system 20, the characteristic impedance of the coaxial system formed by the steel tube 3 and the lower end of the conductor 4 by the two (3, 4) is formed into a terminal and grounded, and the grounding impedance is irrespective of the resistivity of the earth. Formed to be fixed. 5 The lightning surge current 1 (ie, the low frequency component IL and the high frequency component Ih) does not reflect but flows to the ground side. In this way, due to the lightning surge current! It flows more reliably to the ground side, so that the occurrence of flashover can be suppressed. The second embodiment of the present invention is shown in Fig. 5, and the conductor 4, the steel pipe 3, and the filler 10 may be attached to an existing device such as the signal unit 40. Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the wrong direction of the lightning protection device 1 of the 10th embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 5, the lightning protection device i having substantially the same configuration as the first embodiment of the present invention is attached to the support 41 of the traffic signal 40 with a plurality of fixtures 45 in a state of being slightly inclined with respect to the direction of the straight line. In the second embodiment, the lower end of the steel pipe 3 and the conductor 4 are terminated by the characteristic impedance of the coaxial system, and then connected to the ground electrode 52 of the eye. Further, in the second embodiment, as in the case of the third embodiment, the electrode grounding electrode 22 may be buried. Since the lightning protection device 1 is attached to an existing device such as the signal device 40, it is easier to miniaturize and simplify the design of the lightning protection device alone. The utility model can reduce the maintenance cost and equipment space of the lightning protection device 1. The second embodiment of the present invention also has the same effects as those of the first embodiment. According to the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 6, the present invention can also be applied to a structural column having a lightning protection function. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the column 60 in the wrong direction in the embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7 is a Y-Y arrow showing an enlarged section of Figure 6 200820272. As shown in Fig. 6, the structure of the structure column 6 has a support portion 61 configured in the same manner as the lightning protection device 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and a signal device for the supported portion 62 supported by the support portion 61. In the third embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, the supported portion 62 has a position in the axial direction (i.e., the vertical direction) between the conductor 4 of the support portion 61 and the steel pipe 3. The upper end and the lower end of the hollow pipe 65 are bent at a right angle to protrude to the outside of the steel pipe 3. A light-emitting device 66 having red, yellow, and green three-color lamps is disposed at the upper end of the pipe 65 as highlighted. The lower end of the pipe is connected to a power supply device (not shown) that supplies power to a control device (not shown) that controls the light-emitting device 66 and the light-emitting device 66. An electric wire group 67 such as an electric wire and a signal line that connects the control device and the power supply device (10) to the light-emitting device 66 is disposed in the pipe 65. The pipe 65 is fixed by a filler 1〇 filled between the conductor 4 and the steel pipe 3. According to the third embodiment of the present invention, the support portion 62 having the lightning protection function and the supported portion 62 supported by the support portion 61 and having a function different from the lightning protection function (that is, the ## function) constitute the structural column 60. The lightning protection function and the lightning protection function caused by the lightning strike caused by the lightning strike 7 can be set in the same installation space, and the installation space can be saved. The third embodiment of the present invention also has the same effects as those of the first embodiment. Fig. 8 is a structural view showing an example in which the ground electrode 101 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is applied to the building 105 for lightning damage prevention. As shown in Fig. 8, on the roof of the building 105, a lightning strike pin 110 as a lightning protection device for causing a lightning surge current generated by the lightning strike 7 to flow to the ground side is provided upright in the wrong direction. The lower lead 113 is connected to the lower end of the lightning strike pin 110, so that the lightning surge current falling to the upper field 107 of the 2008 200820272 flows to the down conductor 113. The down conductor 113 is disposed below the building 105 to the lower side, and is introduced into the building 105 at a position where the ground level (1) is low, and is connected to the ground portion 117 provided inside the building 1〇5. The ground portion 117 can also be made of metal or the like that is disposed across the entire bottom 5 of the building 1〇5. As shown in Fig. 8, the ground portion 117 is connected to the ground electrode 11A and the equipotential bonding conductor 120. The equipotential bonding conductor 12 is connected to an electronic device 125 such as a computer and a metal pipe 126 such as a water pipe. In the present embodiment, the electronic device 125 is connected to the power supply unit 127. The equipotential bonding conductor 12A is a metal plate provided to hold the connected electronic device 125, the metal tube 126, and the like at an equal potential. Thereby, even if the lightning surge current caused by the lightning strike 7 flows, no potential difference is generated between the respective machines 125 and 126, so that the lightning can be prevented. Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the ground electrode 101 in the vertical direction. Figure 1 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the X-X arrow in Figure 9. As shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 1 , the ground 15 electrode 101 has a structure in which the exposed conductors 134 are coaxially arranged inside the annular steel pipe 133 which is buried in the wrong direction in the ground 115. The steel member 133, which is a tubular conductor, is made of stainless steel or a corrosion-resistant steel pipe. The conductor 134 as the inner conductor is made of copper or the like, and is disposed in the axial direction of the steel pipe 133 from the upper end side to the lower end side in the axial direction. The upper end of the conductor 134 slightly protrudes to the outer side 20 of the upper end of the steel pipe 133, and is disposed to be connected to the ground portion 117. Depending on the case, the conductors 134 are fixed to the center of the steel pipe 133 by a plurality of insulating fixing means 135 which are disposed at predetermined intervals in the axial direction of the steel pipe 133. As shown in Fig. 10, a conductive filler 140 is filled between the steel pipe 133 and the conductor 134. In the present embodiment, the filler 14 is made of cement in which the respective materials of the resistor 145, the dielectric 146, and the magnetic body 147 are mixed in a predetermined ratio of 20 200820272. As the resistor 145, a metal fine powder (silver powder, copper powder, or the like), graphite, or the like is used. The dielectric body 146 uses a material having a high dielectric constant (e.g., alumina, barium titanate). As the magnetic body 147, ferrite iron or the like is used. Further, the water as the filler should be lighter in weight by foaming.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the expansion of the ground electrode 1〇1 near the earth 115. As shown in Fig. 8, Fig. 9, and Fig. 11, the steel pipe 133 is embedded in the ground 115 substantially in the axial direction substantially at the entire length, and its upper end is formed to protrude from the ground 115. The integrator 151 is configured to form the terminal end of the coaxial system of the steel pipe 133 and the conductor 134 at the lower end of the two conductors (133, 134). Further, in the towel of the present embodiment, the columnar concrete material in which the oil f 133 is parallel and concentrically arranged in the axial direction is used. A method of reducing the lightning surge voltage of the fourth embodiment of the present invention executed by the ground electrode 1〇1 configured as described above will be described. As shown in Fig. 8, when a lightning strike is made to the upper end of the lightning strike pin 11G as a lightning protection device, the lightning surge electric current flows from the lower end of the lightning strike pin to the down conductor 113' and then flows from the down conductor 113 to Ground electrode (8). This lightning 20 electrical surge current I contains many frequency components. Thunder current flowing to the ground electrode The surge current 1 flows from the upper end side to the lower end side in the axial direction of the conductor 丨 34 of the grounding electric power in Fig. 2 . • The egg 133 of the conductor 134 is disposed to be coaxially disposed in a state in which the conductor (10) is covered, and the conductive immersion material 140 is filled between the conductor 134 and the steel pipe 133, so that the lightning surge current I is in the conductor. 134 is attenuated when flowing. Hereinafter, this phenomenon will be explained using the circuit diagram shown in the _th. 21 200820272 Fig. 12 shows the unit length of the ground electrode 101 of the fourth embodiment of the present invention which is constituted by the steel pipe 133, the conductor 134 and the filler 140 when the lightning surge current j flowing from the upper end side of the conductor 134 flows to the ground side. Circuit diagram of the equivalent circuit. In Fig. 12, the inductance of the L-type conductor 134, the resistance of the R-type conductor 134, and the capacitance between the conductor 134 and the steel pipe 133. G is a conductance generated by the filler 140 of the resistor 145, the dielectric 146, and the magnetic body 147. When the lightning surge current I flows through the conductor 134, the current Ih mainly composed of the high frequency component of the lightning surge current flows to the filler 140 and the steel pipe 133 outside the conductor 134 (i.e., from the point shown in Fig. 12). A1 is in the direction of point B2). Thus, the lightning surge current flowing to the conductor 134 is iL mainly composed of a low frequency component which subtracts Ih from the lightning surge current. Thus, the ground electrode 1 of the third embodiment of the present invention is configured to divide the lightning surge current 1 of the lightning strike 107 into a low frequency component IL and a high frequency component Ih, and the low frequency component II mainly flows as the conductor 134 as the first current path. The high-frequency component IH mainly flows through the steel pipe 133 and the filler material 140 which are the second electric 15 flow paths. When the attenuated lightning surge current 1 (i.e., the low frequency component IL of the lightning surge current 1) flows when the conductor 134 flows, the approximate lightning surge voltage ▽^ is VL-LxdIL/dt. The lightning surge voltage vL, like the conventional lightning protection device, generates a lightning surge 20 voltage VL+H = Lx{d(IL+IH) when all the lightning surge current I (=Il+Ih) flows to the conductor 4. ) /dt} is reduced. On the other hand, when the high-frequency component Ih of the lightning surge current flows in the steel pipe 133 and the filler 140 outside the conductor 134, it is mainly generated by the resistor 135, the dielectric 136, and the magnetic body 137 which are contained in the filler 14? Resistance heating, dielectric heating, and induction heating consume a fraction of their energy. 22 200820272 The low frequency component II of the lightning surge current flowing in the conductor 134 and the high frequency component Ih of the lightning surge current flowing in the filler 140 and the steel pipe 133 flow to the downstream side in the axial direction, and When it reaches the position where the larger ground 115 is lower, as shown in Fig. ί, through the integrator 151, it flows out to the ground 115, and a part thereof flows out from the portion in contact with the steel pipe 133 to the ground 115. According to the above embodiment, the ground electrode 1〇1 is formed in the coaxial cable in which the conductor 134 is disposed in the center of the steel pipe 133, and further, the conductive filler 14〇 is filled between the steel pipe 133 and the conductor 134, whereby the lightning is generated. The wave current is shunted while the conductor 134 is flowing, and its low frequency component 虼 flows mainly in the conductor 134 which is the i i 〇 current path, and the high frequency component Ih mainly flows in the second current path provided around the conductor 134. Thereby, compared with the conventional lightning protection technology in which almost all lightning dog wave currents I flow on the conductor 134, the amount of current flowing in the conductor 134 can be reduced, and the lightning surge voltage (Lxdi/dt) generated by the conductor 134 can be reduced. , the grounding impedance can be made lower than conventional. As a result, the amount of the flow to the side of the building can be reduced, and as a result, the damage of the electronic equipment related to electricity can be reduced. As described above, by reducing the lightning surge voltage of the ground electrode 101, the lightning surge current passing through the ground electrode 101% to the ground 115 can minimize the disaster caused to the surrounding building or person. Hereinafter, the effects will be described using the examples shown in Fig. 20 and Fig. 14 . In the example shown in Fig. 13(a), the building 155 having the ground electrode 1〇1 is present in the vicinity thereof. Other constructions (4) 155 (4) have an electronic machine 165 connected to the external power source 167, and the like. The other building 155 is grounded by a conventional ground electrode 161 embedded in the ground 115. The ground electrode ΐ6 is connected to the electronic device 165 by wires 23 200820272 I60. Fig. 13(b) is a diagram showing the value of the lightning surge voltage in the ground 115 when the lightning surge current I flows from the ground electrode 101 to the ground when the lightning 107 falls to the building 105 as shown in the sentence. In (b), the vertical axis represents the value of the lightning surge voltage, and the horizontal axis represents the position of the large 5 ground 115 (ie, the distance). (a) the positional relationship in the lateral direction and (b) The horizontal axis indicates the distance. When the building shown in (a) has a conventional ground electrode instead of the ground electrode 101, the relationship between the lightning surge voltage and the distance is as indicated by the dotted line of (b). As shown in Fig. 13(b), when the conventional ground electrode is used, the initial value of the voltage (the lightning surge voltage) of the lightning surge current flowing to the ground 10 I15 is UE0, and the potential of the infinity point is opposite to this. When the ground electrode 101 of the present invention is used, the value of the lightning surge voltage flowing to the ground 115 is greatly reduced, and the initial value of the lightning surge voltage after flowing to the ground 115 is uEj. Generally, 5 Going to a location farther away from the location of the earth 115 (distance from 15) 'The value of the lightning dog wave voltage Attenuation, when a conventional ground electrode is used in the building 105, the lightning surge voltage at the location D of the adjacent ground electrode 161 is still a relatively high value UD0, so the high voltage, the electronic device 165 is likely to be damaged. Here, when the ground electrode of the present invention is used, the lightning surge voltage of the adjacent ground electrode 161 at the point D is a relatively low value of 20 UD1, and the damage of the electronic device 165 can be avoided. Thus, by the present invention, The disaster caused by the lightning surge voltage of the adjacent ground electrode 161 is reduced or harmless. On the other hand, when the ground electrode of the building 105 uses the conventional ground electrode 161 instead of the ground electrode 1〇1 of the present invention, As shown by the dotted line 24 200820272 of Fig. 13(b), the initial value of the voltage (the lightning surge voltage) of the lightning surge current flowing to the earth is UEG, and if the adjacent ground electrode uses the ground electrode of the present invention, The direct contact with the earth 115 is a steel pipe portion 133 like a conventional ground electrode, and is not a conductor. Since the non-center conductor 134, the steel pipe portion 133 acts as an electromagnetic shield with respect to the center conductor 134. The function of the cover body can suppress the intrusion of the Ray% dog wave current to the center conductor 134. Since the current of the low frequency component selectively flows to the center conductor 134, the current surge voltage is greatly reduced. The figure shows a situation in which the disaster caused to the surrounding person is minimized. In the example shown in Fig. 14(a), the pedestrian 17 walking in the vicinity of the building 105 having the ground electrode 101 is shown. Figure 14(b) shows the lightning surge voltage in the earth H5 when the lightning surge current I flows from the ground electrode 101 to the ground 115 when the lightning 107 falls to the building 1〇5 shown in (a). A plot of the value and the location of the Earth 115. Further, in the middle, the vertical axis table 15 indicates the value of the lightning surge voltage, and the horizontal axis indicates the position of the ground 115 (i.e., the distance). (a) The positional relationship in the lateral direction corresponds to the distance indicated by the horizontal axis of (9). (4) When the building shown has a conventional grounding electrode instead of the grounding electrode 1〇1, the relationship between the lightning surge voltage and the distance is the dotted line shown in (b). As shown in Figure 14(a) and (b) When the conventional ground electrode is used, the initial value of the voltage (the lightning surge voltage) of the lightning surge current flowing to the ground of 115 degrees is UE〇, whereas when the ground electrode 1〇1 of the present invention is used, The value of the lightning surge voltage flowing to the earth 115 is greatly reduced, and the initial value of the lightning dog wave voltage after flowing the earth 115 is UE1. Thus, the slope of the lightning surge voltage when the ground electrode 101 of the present invention is used (( b) The solid line) is flatter than the slope of the lightning surge voltage (the dotted line of (8)) when using the ground electrode of the 200820272 ground electrode. As shown in Figure 14(a), the pedestrians are 17 feet to the earth. 115 is in contact with the position LI, L2, respectively, so the lightning dog wave flowing from the ground electrode 1〇1 to the ground 115 When the age reaches the ground u5 directly below the pedestrian 170, a lightning surge voltage (also referred to as a step voltage) corresponding to the potential difference of '5 between the feet is applied to the pedestrian ho. However, when the ground electrode 1 of the present invention is used 〇 At 1 o'clock, since the slope of the wave voltage of the field dog is gentle, the potential difference between the position of one leg and the position φ L 2 of the other leg is reduced from the potential difference ϋ s 〇 when using the conventional ground electrode. The value of the low value is US1. Thus, with the invention, when the lightning surge current 10 flows to the pedestrian 丨7〇, the disaster can also be effectively reduced. In the above example, the electric shock of the lightning surge current of the pedestrian 170 is Illustratively, as shown in Fig. 14(a), by using the ground electrode 1 (H of the present invention, the electric shock disaster of the contact 171 directly contacting the building 105 can also be reduced or rendered harmless. As shown by the dotted line in Fig. 14(b), when a conventional electrode is used, the lightning surge voltage (referred to as contact voltage) received by the contact person 171 when the electric shock is applied is the position of the wall W and the contact person 171. The potential difference UT〇 between the positions L0 is higher than the pedestrian 170 The potential difference uso is greatly increased. When the ground electrode 101 of the present invention is used, as shown by the solid line in Fig. 14(b), since the charge is reduced, 20 parts reduce the lightning surge voltage, and the degree of attenuation is gentle, so contact The potential difference UTi applied when the electric shock is 171 is a relatively low value. Thus, according to the present invention, when the lightning surge current flows, the electric shock of the contact person 171 can be effectively reduced. Coaxial structure, the basic body can be greatly 26 200820272 Reduce the inductance component of the conventional grounding electrode, whereby the value of the grounding impedance can be reduced to obtain the grounding impedance, and the value of the reactance component is not the same as that of the grounding pole 101. The advantages associated with the environment (eg, resistivity, etc.). Further, when the ground electrode (7) is placed in a building or the like to be subjected to the damage prevention, the ground electrode to be manufactured can be transported to the site where the installation location (for example, the building 105 or the like) is carried out in a simple procedure. After the hole is dug in the straight direction, the ground electrode 101 is inserted into the hole and fixed, and the construction is facilitated. As described above, if the ground electrode 101 has a coaxial structure, the steel pipe 133 of the ground electrode 1〇1 can shield the external current and protect the conductor 134. Thereby, the situation in which the induced lightning surge current flows from the ground 115 to the conductor 134 can be prevented. For example, when another ground electrode is disposed adjacent to the ground electrode 1〇1, the lightning surge current flowing from the adjacent another ground electrode to the ground 115 can be reduced to flow into the center conductor 134 of the ground electrode 1〇1. the amount. According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 15, a plurality of ground electrodes 101 having different characteristic impedances may be connected to each other to form a ground electrode group 1〇2. Fig. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a cross section in the vertical direction of the ground electrode group 102 having three ground electrodes 1〇1. In the example of the ground electrode group 102 shown in Fig. 15, the three ground electrodes 1〇1 are arranged in the direction of the tube axis in the direction of the tube axis of the steel tube is] of the tubular conductor, and are buried at equal intervals in the large mantle 5. 3 The conductors 134 of the ground electrode 101 are connected to each other outside the respective steel pipes 133 to form an integral body. In this way, the conductors 134 which are combined into one are connected to the lightning protection device 11A provided in the upper portion of the building 105 by the ground portion 117 or the like shown in FIG. According to the fifth embodiment of the present invention, each of the ground electrodes 101 can be reduced in size by using a plurality of ground electrodes. Thereby, the transfer and construction of each ground electrode 101 is greatly simplified. Further, in the fifth embodiment, the same effects as those of the fourth embodiment are obtained. According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 16, when a plurality of ground electrodes 101 having different characteristic impedances are provided, the tube axis direction may be horizontal and buried in the ground 115. Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the horizontal direction of a ground electrode group 102 having four ground electrodes 1〇1. In the example of the ground electrode group 102 shown in Fig. 16, the four ground electrodes 1 〇 1 are arranged in the same horizontal plane with the tube axis direction of the steel tube 133 of the tubular conductor being horizontal. The four ground electrodes 1〇1 are arranged in a state of being placed at right angles to each other in the tube axis direction. Each of the ground electrodes 101 is disposed such that the end portion of the conductor 134 of the inner conductor extending to the side outside the steel pipe 133 is disposed toward the radiation center. In the sixth embodiment of the present invention, a hollow space 180 is provided in the center portion of the radial ground electrode group 102, and in this space, the respective conductor turns 34 of the four ground electrodes 1〇1 are connected to each other. The conductors 134 connected in this manner are extended 15 in the ship straight direction, and are connected to the lightning protection device 11 provided on the upper portion of the building 105 by the ground portion 117 or the like shown in Fig. 11. According to the sixth embodiment of the present invention, the direction of the tube axis of the steel pipe 133 of the ground electrode ιοί is horizontal, and when the ground electrode 1〇1 is buried, the holes formed in the ground 115 have the same depth, and the construction thereof is simplified. . When the plurality of ground electrodes 101 are connected to each other to form the ground electrode group 1〇2, the ends of the ground electrodes 1〇1 for causing the lightning surge current to flow to the side of the ground 115 can be arranged away from each other, thereby reducing mutual mutual influences. Further, in the sixth embodiment, the same effects as those of the fourth embodiment are also obtained. According to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Fig. 17, the lightning strike device 使 which causes the lightning surge current caused by the lightning strike 1 〇 7 28 200820272 to flow to the ground side can be formed into a coaxial shape integrally with the ground electrode 101. Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing the vertical direction of the lightning rod 110 of the lightning protection device 110 and the grounding electrode 101 in an integrated coaxial shape. In the example shown in Fig. 16, the lightning rod 185 5 is provided upright and has a protruding needle 186 at the upper end. Further, the lightning protection device and the ground electrode may be integrally formed and installed in an existing device or the like. Taking this structure as an example, when the overhead ground line of the power transmission line is connected and the upper end of the ground electrode is connected to the overhead ground line, the rise of the lightning surge voltage of the overhead ground line can be reduced. According to the seventh embodiment of the present invention, since the lightning striker current generated by the lightning strike reaches the ground electrode 1 〇1, the coaxial lightning arrester η 〇 flows, so that the potential of the lightning surge current can be more effectively suppressed. Rising, the grounding impedance can be greatly reduced. In the lightning surge current from the lightning protection device 1 1 所有 through the integration of all the paths between the 151 and the earth 115 (ie, the path flowing in the atmosphere above the ground and the path in the earth 115), lightning can be prevented The discharge caused by the flash current caused by flashover and the like. Further, it is also possible to prevent a current from flowing from the outside to the path. Further, in the seventh embodiment, the same effects as those of the fourth embodiment are obtained. The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, and the invention is not limited thereto. As long as it is for the industry, it can be understood that the various modifications or corrections can be made in the scope of the technical ideas described in the scope of the patent application, and it is of course also within the technical scope of the present invention. In the embodiment, a description will be given of a case where the tubular guide system uses steel pipes 3 and 133 which are formed of a non-mineral steel pipe or a steel pipe for preventing the residual force, and a tubular conductor formed of other materials of 29 200820272 may be used. In the embodiment, the fillers 1 〇 and 丨 4 〇 are used, and the cements of the resistors 15 and 145, the inducers 16 and 146, and the magnetic bodies 17 and 147 are mixed in a predetermined ratio, and the filler is made of any material having conductivity. can. The fillers 1〇 and 14〇5 may further contain a material selected from the group consisting of a resistor, an inducer, and a magnetic material, and may contain materials other than the resistor, the dielectric, and the magnetic material. In the embodiment, the resistors 15 and 145 are metal fine powder (silver powder, copper powder, etc.) or graphite, and the resistors 15 and 145 may be made of materials other than the above. In the case where the dielectric bodies 16 and 146 are alumina or barium titanate, materials other than the dielectric bodies 16 and 146 may be used. In the embodiment, the case where the magnetic bodies 17 and 147 are ferrite grains is described. In the embodiment, it is explained that the integrators 22 and 151 are in the form of a cylindrical concrete material which is parallel to the axial direction and concentrically arranged in the axial direction of the steel pipes 3 and 133. The integrators 22 and 151 may be any material and shape for taking the impedance integration. In the first to third embodiments, the grounding system is grounded to a depth of 2, and the grounding pole 22 or the grounding grid is buried. In the case of 52, other can also be used In the third embodiment, the supported portion 62 has a function as a signal transmitter, and the supported portion 62 may have functions other than a lightning protection function such as a communication function or a camera function. 30 200820272 In the 4th to the 4th In the seventh embodiment, the case where the ground electrode 101 of the present invention is used alone or in combination with a conventional ground electrode such as a ground electrode is used, and the effect of reducing the ground impedance of the conventional ground electrode is used in combination. In the case where the ground electrode group 102 has three or 45 ground electrodes 1〇1, it is also possible to have any number of ground electrodes 1〇1. The ground pen electrode group 1Q2 has the number of ground electrodes 1 (four) In the seventh embodiment, the lightning protection device 110 and the ground electrode are integrally formed in a coaxial shape, and a bellows may be disposed between the coaxial lightning protection device 11〇10 and the coaxial ground electrode 101. The middle portion of the coaxial shape or the non-coaxial shape of the shape is connected to the lightning protection device 110 and the ground electrode 1 〇1 by the intermediate portion. In the fourth to seventh embodiments In the case where the grounding electrode 1〇1 exerts an effect on the lightning surge current generated by the lightning strike 1〇7, the grounding electrode is also applied to the leakage current of the commercial frequency when the grounding fault of the electric appliance 125 shown in FIG. In the fourth embodiment to the seventh embodiment, the case where the ground electrode 1〇1 is directly buried in the ground 115 is described, and a cement or the like may be provided on the outer periphery of the ground electrode 1〇1. By doing so, the outer skin is provided on the outer circumference of the steel pipe 133, and the corrosion countermeasure of the steel pipe 133 can be taken when the ground electrode 101 is buried. In the embodiment, the main frequency component of the lightning surge current is regarded as ΙΟΚΗζ~1 MHz. The lightning protection device 丨 and the ground electrode 101 according to the embodiment of the present invention perform trial calculation using a general transmission method, and verify the validity from the analysis of the sine wave stabilized current method 31 200820272. As described above, since the lightning protection device i and the grounding electrical correction 1 are regarded as equivalent circuits of the lossy circuit shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. η, the following general equations are applied to perform trial calculation. In addition, in the equivalent circuit of the lossy line, when the resistance ruler and 〇 are set to 〇, it is equivalent to the equivalent circuit of the lossless line. As shown in Fig. 18, the inner conductor 91 has an outer diameter a, and the outer conductor 92 has an inner diameter b of a coaxial cable 95 in which the inner conductor "and the outer conductor 92 are insulated from the air. When the current flows, the inductance per unit length of the coaxial C line 95 is x^H/m), the capacitance c (pF/m), the electric resistance R (D/m), and the impedance center (〇) are as follows. Equations (1) to (4) are known as ^. L = 0.2xln(b/a)............... 〇) C=(55.6x8s)/{ Ln(b/a)}.......................(2) R={4.15xl〇-8x(a+b)xVf}/( Axb)............ (3) 15

Z0=60xln(b/a)·····.................... (4) In addition, in the above formula (2) The dielectric constant of the system. The inner conductor 91 and the outer conductor 92 of the coaxial cable 95 shown in FIG. 18 are filled with polyethylene bismuth instead of air, so that the current of the frequency f=3xl 〇9 (Hz) flows to the coaxial cable 95. (S/m) of the line 95 is obtained by the following formula (5).

20 G=(7.35xl〇'10)/{in(b/a)} However, in the case of the present invention, the filler 10 between the conductor 4 and the steel pipe 3 of the lightning protection device 1 or the conductor 134 of the ground electrode 101 and the steel pipe The electrical conductivity of the 133 filler material 140 is dominant, so the lightning protection device 丨 or the grounding electrode 1 〇 1 〇 32 200820272 The conductivity o (S / m) of the filler 10 or 140 is obtained by the following formula (6) To be appropriate. G=(aX2π)/ {ln(b/a)}_______________________________ · (6) _ Table 1 is used for filling materials 1 or 140 (including resistors, dielectrics, and magnetic materials) using various conductivity G (S/m In the case of the substance, the values of (S/m) of the lightning protection device 1 or the ground electrode 101 calculated from the above equation (6) are shown. Further, in Table 1, the outer diameter of the inner conductor 91 is a = 10 (mm), and the inner diameter of the outer conductor 92 is b = 1000 (mm).

Conductivity of material name (S/m) Conductivity of module coaxial cable (S/m) Dry sand, soil 0.001 1·3643χ102 Graphite 7.14x1ο4 9.741x104 Wet soil 0.01 1.3643xl〇·2 Seawater 4 5.4572 Clean water 0.01 1.3643 X10'2 Wood lxio·8 1.3643χ1〇·8 Iron 1·03χ107 1.4852x107 In the equivalent circuit shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 12, 10 r {(R+j ω) is shown by the following formula (7) L)x(G+j ω C)} (7) In addition, ω is the angular frequency of the current flowing in the equivalent circuit, ω=2ττί . Here, Τ=α+]β ........................................ (8) When α and /3 are set, the ratio of the voltage component of the external conductor 15 to the internal conductor 91 when the current flows at the equivalent circuit l (m) is obtained by the following formula (9). 33 200820272 I {v(x)/v(x+l)} I =eal........................ (9) where, assuming current In the equivalent circuit flowing from x to position (x+l)l(m), the value of the voltage component of position x is v(x), and the value of the voltage component of position (X+1) is v(x+l). . Thereby, the attenuation rate D (dB) can be obtained by the following formula (10). 5 D=2〇xlogi〇eal -(al)x2〇xlog10e =8.686x(al)___________________________________________ (1〇) Therefore, 'l, C, R and respectively obtained from the above formulas (1) to (3) and (6) Substituting the value of G into the above formula (7), after calculating the value of the propagation coefficient 7, using the above formula (8), 10 when the value of a is different, 'the lightning protection device 1 or the ground electrode 101 can be obtained from the above formula (10). The attenuation rate D (dB) of the voltage component of the lightning surge current flowing through the conductor 4 or 134. Further, in the above formula (10), the voltage component is the same, and the decay rate of the current is also the same. Here, the outer diameter of the conductor 4 or 134 is i〇 (mm), and the inner diameter of the steel pipe 3 15 or 133 is 1000 (mm). Therefore, by applying a=l〇, b=1000 to the above formula (1), (2) 'the lightning protection device 1 or the grounding electrode 1〇1 inductance L and the capacitance c are L=lUH/m), C= 12 (PF/m). Referring to the table, the most suitable value for trial calculation - also defined as G - 0.01, (U, 1. 〇, 1 〇〇 (s / m) (ie, conductivity port = 〇〇〇 733, 〇 · 〇 733, 0.733 , 7.33 (S/m)), for trial calculation. Figure 19 is a trial of three kinds of frequency (four) 4, 1 〇 5, ι〇ό (Ηζ) lightning surge for each of these 4 2 kinds of conductance G values. The result of the decay rate D (dB) per unit length when the current flows through the conductor 4 of the lightning protection or the conductor 134 of the ground electrode 1〇1. As shown in Fig. 19, the conductance G (i.e., the conductivity α) is known. The greater the value (not 34 200820272 to the extreme of metal), the greater the decay rate of the lightning surge current flowing in conductor 4 or 134. Thus, according to the present invention, the lightning protection nest 1 or the ground electrode 101 constitutes a coaxial cable, and the filler H) or 140 has a resistance 'such as or (4), improves the conductivity (4), and the lightning current 5 wave current flows in the conductor The attenuation reduction has the effect of shunting the inside of the inner conductor, the filler material and the steel pipe. As shown in Figure 19, when G = (four) 1 (s / m) (ie, conductivity (four) 〇〇 733 • (S / m)), the attenuation rate D is the frequency of the ton 4 he) lightning surge current is D =0.2_, the lightning surge current of the frequency f=1()5(Hz) (4) 5_, the frequency of the lightning rush rate f=io6 (Hz), the lightning surge current is D=1.5 (dB). This means that in the lightning surge current of the internal conductor flow, the higher frequency component of the higher frequency is more attenuated by the outside of the inner conductor (ie, the filler and the steel pipe). Figure 20 shows the values of five kinds of G for each of the above four kinds of conductance G plus G = 0 (C7 = 0). Using the above formula (4), three kinds of frequencies are calculated 15 f = l特性4,1〇5, 1〇6 (Hz) The characteristic impedance z of the grounding electrode 1 when the lightning surge current flows through the conductor 4 or 134. The result. This corresponds to the resistor of the integrator. Figure 20 is a graph showing the integrated impedance giving standard of the present invention. In the absence of - loss (G = 〇 (Cr = 0)), as shown in Fig. 20, the characteristic resistance Z 〇 is .20 288·7 (Ω). Therefore, if there is no loss, the characteristic impedance is independent of the frequency. It is known that when there is no loss, the integrated resistance is 288·7 (Ω). The voltage-current characteristics are not unstable, and it is expensive at the terminal. On the other hand, if there is loss, the characteristic impedance differs depending on the value of the conductance 〇 (i.e., the dielectric constant σ) shown in Fig. 2, and is related to the frequency. This is the integration resistance 35 200820272 resistance. As shown in Fig. 2, the value of the impedance Ζ0 of the lightning protection device 1 or the grounding electrode 101 is larger when the impedance of the lightning protection device or the grounding electrode 1〇1 is larger than the value of the conductance G (i.e., the electrical conductivity σ). When there is no loss (g=〇( σ =0)), 288.7 (Ω) is low, and the standard of integrated impedance is obtained. 5 Next, when the ground electrode 101 of the fourth to seventh embodiments of the present invention is used, the trial calculation is performed, and the value of the lightning surge voltage can be reduced as compared with the conventional ground electrode. In this trial calculation, the outer diameter of the conductor 134 of the ground electrode 1〇1 shown in FIG. 8 of the present invention is assumed to be 10 (mm), and the inner diameter of the steel pipe 133 is assumed to be a coaxial cable of i〇〇 (mm). line. That is, 10 in the W picture, a = 10, b = l 〇〇〇. On the other hand, the conventional ground electrode is assumed to be a wire which does not have a steel pipe and has a conductor of an outer diameter l 〇 (mm). The atmospheric region in which the lightning surge current flows is treated by a coaxial module, and if the outer peripheral radius is 50 (m), in Fig. 18, a = 10, b = 50000. For the ground electrode 101 of the present invention as assumed above and the conventional grounding electric 1S pole, the current of the frequency l (MHz) and the size 20 (kA) is calculated to flow along the axial direction of the line at a distance of 5 (m). Each lightning surge voltage. As described above, the conductance L of the ground electrode 101 of the present invention is obtained from the above formula (1) as L = 1 (μΗ/m). Similarly, when the conventional ground electrode 1 is obtained from the above formula (1), £^1·7 (μΗ/πι) is about twice the value. 20 First, assuming that all current flows in the conductor, the lightning surge voltage ν can be calculated from the following equation (11) as a voltage generated between the cables. V in coxLxI····........................................... That is, in the case of the ground electrode 101 of the present invention, the lightning surge voltage V is ν < 2π ><1χ1〇6χ1χ1〇-5χ2〇χ103 and 600(kV). On the other hand, if it is the grounding private pole % of Xi 36 200820272, since the value of l is about 17 times, the lightning surge voltage ^ is also a value of 1. 7 times, that is, v%1〇2〇(kv ), for a fairly high value. Further, in the ground electrode 1〇1 of the present invention, if G==1〇(s/m), as shown by f19, the lightning surge voltage is reduced to 5% per unit length due to the shunting effect. The attenuation rate is D=15 (dB), so when the lightning surge current flows in the axial direction (4), the attenuation rate is D=5xl5 = 75 (dB). Since 75 (dB) is equivalent to 1/1 or less, the lightning surge voltage v when using the grounding electrode of the present invention is theoretically calculated to be 600 (kV) when the frequency is set to 1 (MHz). ) is less than 1 point, that is, v and l (kv), and the suppression is a very small value. Further, the lightning surge voltage as described above corresponds to the lightning surge voltage generated at the exit end of the ground electrode 1. Therefore, this value is low, so that the influence of the private wave of the private wave on the periphery is very small, and the contact voltage and voltage are reduced, which can effectively reduce the electric shock accident. The invention is particularly useful for a lightning surge device and a grounding electrode for preventing a lightning surge current caused by a lightning strike from flowing to the earth. Lightning protection devices such as lightning protection devices such as lightning protection devices for power distribution columns in the field of power systems, earthing electrodes, lightning support devices for grounding support columns in the field of electric railways, grounding electrodes, road lighting columns for roads, and traffic signal columns , grounding electrode, information communication ' _ domain mobile body communication base pole antenna secret electrode or surveillance camera · 2 避 避 lightning protection device, grounding electrode, field of various manufacturing I field or power storage equipment lightning protection device, grounding electrode 'Lightning protection devices and grounding electrodes for various manufacturing plants or storage equipment in the engineering field are very useful. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing the vertical direction of a lightning protection device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of Fig. 1 - χ arrow. Figure 3 is a perspective view showing the expansion of the lightning protection device near the ground. Figure 4 is a circuit diagram of the unit length of the lightning surge current flowing through the lightning protection device. Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the vertical direction of the lightning protection device according to the second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the straight line direction of the structural column of the embodiment of the present invention. 10 Fig. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the γ-γ arrow of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a structural view showing an example in which the ground electrode according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention is applied to a building to be subjected to lightning damage prevention. Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the ground electrode in the vertical direction. Figure 10 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the 第-χ arrow in Figure 9. 15 Figure 11 is a perspective view of the grounding electrode near the earth. Fig. 12 is a circuit diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a unit length of a ground electrode according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, which is composed of a steel pipe, a conductor and a filler, when a lightning surge current flowing from the upper end side of the conductor flows to the ground side. Fig. 13 is a view for explaining the influence of the ground electrode of the embodiment of the present invention on the surrounding building 4 of the structure. U) shows the positional relationship between the ground electrode and the object located around it. (b) shows the relationship between the value of the lightning surge voltage (vertical axis) when the lightning surge current flows from the ground electrode/guar to the ground (the vertical axis) and the position where the flow passes (horizontal vehicle). Fig. 14 is a view for explaining the influence of the ground electrode of the embodiment of the present invention on the person around 38 200820272. (a) shows the positional relationship between the ground electrode and the person located around the ground electrode. (b) shows the relationship between the value of the lightning surge voltage (vertical axis) and the position (horizontal axis) of the point where the lightning surge current flows from the ground electrode to the ground. 5 is a cross-sectional view in the vertical direction of a ground electrode group having a plurality of ground electrodes in the fifth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing a horizontal direction of a ground electrode group having four ground electrodes arranged horizontally in a tube axis direction according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 17 is a view showing the formation and the seventh embodiment of the present invention. A structural diagram of a coaxially shaped ground electrode structure in which a lightning surge current generated by a lightning strike flows to a grounding-side lightning protection device. Figure 18 is an illustration of a perspective view of a coaxial cable. Fig. 19 is a graph showing the results of the attenuation rate D (dB) per unit length when the currents of the three kinds of frequencies f are respectively flown through the conductor for each of the four types of conductance G.

Figure 20 shows the calculation of three frequencies f = 1〇4, 1〇5, 1〇6 for each of the five G values for each of the four g values plus g = 〇 (σ = 〇). Ηζ) The result of the characteristic impedance 交流 of the alternating current/the grounding electrode of the meridian through the conductor. [Explanation of main component symbols] 7.. Lightning strike 8...protrusion 1〇···Filling material 15···Resistance body 16.. Dielectric body 1···Lightning protection device 2·.. Ground 3···Steel pipe 4··.conductor 5···fixing device 39 200820272

17.. Magnetic body 20.. Grounding system 21.. Integrator 22.. Deep buried electrode grounding pole 40.. Signaling machine 41... Pillar 45.. Fixing fixture 52.. Grid grounding pole 60.. . Construction column 61.. Support 62.. Supported portion 65.. . Plumbing 66.. Light-emitting device 67.. Wire group 91.. Internal conductor 92.. External conductor 95.. Coaxial cable 101.. Grounding electrode 102.. Grounding electrode group 105.. Building 107.. Lightning strike 110.. Lightning striker 113.. . Downline 115.. . Grounding part 120.. equipotential bonding conductor 125.. electronic machine 126.. metal tube 133... steel tube 134... conductor 140.. filling material 145.. resistance body 146.. dielectric body 147.. Magnetic body 151.. Integrator 155.. Other building 161.. Grounding electrode 165.. Electronic machine 170.··Pedestrian 171.. Contact 180.. Space 185.. Lightning rod 186 .·•Pin 40

Claims (1)

200820272 X. Patent application scope: 1. A lightning protection device for causing lightning surge current generated by lightning strike to flow to the ground side, which comprises: steel pipe; 5 conductor, coaxially disposed in the steel pipe; and filler Filled between the steel pipe and the conductor and having electrical conductivity; and the lightning protection device shunts the lightning surge generated by the lightning strike, and the low frequency component flows in the conductor, and the high frequency is 10 The parts flow in the steel pipe and the filler. 2. The lightning protection device according to claim 1, wherein the filler contains one or more materials selected from the group consisting of a resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic body. 3. The lightning protection device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the aforementioned steel pipe and the aforementioned conductor are grounded by a characteristic impedance of the coaxial system and then grounded. 4. The lightning protection device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the conductor, the steel pipe and the filler are attached to an already installed device. 5. A structural column having a lightning protection function, which has a lightning protection function for causing a lightning surge current generated by a lightning strike to flow to the ground side, and includes: 20 support portion having a lightning protection function; and a supported portion, Supported by the support portion and having a function different from the lightning protection function, the support portion having the lightning protection function has a steel pipe; a conductor coaxially disposed in the steel pipe; and a filler between the steel pipe and the conductor, 41 200820272 And a conductive filler material, wherein the support portion shunts the lightning surge current generated by the lightning strike, and the low frequency component flows in the conductor, and the high frequency component flows in the steel pipe and the filler. 5. The structural column having a lightning protection function according to claim 5, wherein the filler contains one or more materials selected from the group consisting of a resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic material. 7. The structural column having the lightning protection function according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the steel pipe and the conductor are grounded by forming a terminal end with a characteristic impedance of the coaxial system. 8. The method for reducing the lightning surge voltage is a method for reducing the lightning surge voltage when the lightning surge current generated by the lightning strike flows to the ground side, and the method is set to be higher than the lightning surge current. The second current path whose impedance of the frequency component is lower than the first current path, and causes the low-frequency component of the lightning surge current to flow to the first current path, and the high-frequency component flows to the first 2 current path to reduce the lightning surge voltage of the first current path. 9. The method of reducing the lightning surge voltage according to claim 8 wherein the first current path is formed of a conductor, and the second current path is coaxially disposed at 20 to cover the outer circumference of the conductor, and is filled in the foregoing The steel pipe is formed of a conductive filler between the conductor and the conductor. 10. The method of reducing the lightning surge voltage according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the filler contains one or more materials selected from the group consisting of a resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic body. 42 200820272 n. A grounding electrode, which is an oil slamming seam 1 electric surge current flowing to the earth, comprising: a tubular conductor, at least partially embedded in the earth; the inner conductor is coaxially disposed in the tubular conductor And a filler filled between the tubular conductor and the inner conductor and having conductivity to a high frequency component, In addition, before the grounding electric rotation, the lightning strikes the shape (4), the surge current is shunted, and the low-solution component is mainly in the above (10), and the high-fresh main fabric-like pre-finance guides the flow of Wei. 12. The ground electrode according to claim n, wherein the retort material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic material. 13. The grounding of the tubular conductor and the inner conductor of the towel in the form of the characteristic impedance of the coaxial system to form the terminal 15 and grounded as in the grounding of the U or the 12th patent. The grounding electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the grounding electrode is connected to a lightning protection device that causes a lightning surge current generated by a lightning strike to flow to the ground side. Θ 15· The grounding electrode of claim 14 is formed into a coaxial shape integrated with the above-mentioned lightning protection device. The grounding electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the official conductor is buried in a vertical direction in the axial direction. The ground electrode according to any one of claims 11 to 16, wherein the tubular conductor is buried in a horizontal direction in the axial direction. The grounding electrode according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the tubular conductor and the inner conductor are connected to an equipotential bonding conductor. 19. A ground electrode group having a plurality of ground electrodes of any one of claims 11 to 18. 20. A method for reducing the lightning surge voltage is a method for reducing the lightning surge voltage when a lightning surge current generated by a lightning strike flows to the ground side, wherein the first current path is set to one end configuration In the earth, at the same time, a second current path having a lower impedance than the first current path with respect to the high-frequency component of the lightning surge current is set, and the lightning surge current is shunted by 10 times corresponding to the frequency, so that the foregoing The low frequency component of the lightning surge current mainly flows to the first current path, and the high frequency component mainly flows to the second current path to reduce the lightning surge voltage of the first current path. 21. The method of reducing the lightning surge voltage according to claim 20, wherein the first current path is formed of an inner conductor, and the second current path 15 is coaxially disposed to surround the outer conductor of the inner conductor. And a filler filled with a conductive material between the steel pipe and the conductor. The method of reducing the lightning surge voltage according to claim 21, wherein the filler contains one or more materials selected from the group consisting of a resistor, a dielectric, and a magnetic material. 23. The method of reducing the lightning surge voltage of claim 21 or 22, wherein the sheath is disposed on the outer circumference of the tubular conductor of the coaxial configuration. 44