TW200539983A - Heat exchanger and method and means of producing it - Google Patents
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200539983 ⑴ 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關於一·完全新型式之熱父換益1 ’以及其之 製造方法與裝置。 【先前技術】 當需要熱回收或熱散逸時，使用二流體之間的熱交換 器，但不會混合流體，流體係運送熱能且將之排出。在熱 交換器中，一流體中的至少一流體係被拘限，即爲被強迫 整體地循環在一有限空間中，而另一流體可被僅局部地拘 限或完全不拘限。例如，在熱水中央加熱散熱器中，係依 據是否被局部地覆蓋，有相同之情況。在一熱泵的熱交換 器中，具有冷氣體流體通過該泵且浸入在水路徑中，亦爲 相同之情況。當二流體必須被拘限時，特別是使可回收或 再循環利用時，將被使用之熱交換器必須包含一或更多之 作用內部部份，由一外部部件或外殼所環繞，全部均具有 連接支線，外部部件一般爲熱絕緣。 有數種熱交換器的作業模式：對流、同流及交叉流。 以對流模式操作之交換器的優點係允許將存在於其間的所 有之溫度差，自熱流體傳送至冷流體。同流交換器僅允許 连到一流體之間的中間溫度。至於交叉流交換器，其之結 構不同，其比對流型具有較低之效率，但可適用於特殊之 應用（例如汽車散熱器）。 爲使達到最大效率，所有熟交換器必須具有下述特徵 -4- 200539983 (2) :(1 )具有作用表面，即爲直接地參與熱交換，其應儘 可能地大，（2 )供二流體用之路徑厚度應均爲小的且沿 著作用表面的全體長度應爲恆定的，因此，整體之被拘限 流體或全體流體均參與熱交換，及（3 )與將被交換之熱 能成比例的供被拘限流體或全體流體用之相當大的整體路 徑剖面，以使將能量損失減至最小。 在多種工業應用中，所使用之對流熱交換器的作用壁 均由金屬製成，其係適合相關流體之良好熱導體。在二流 體均爲相當腐鈾性時（例如海水），需要例如成本很高之 特別型式的不銹鋼。在市場上具有供二被拘限流體以對流 循環之數種熱交換器的金屬模式。大部份經由以具有大尺 寸之短形板的堆疊所構成，經由緊密接合互相分離，且經 由連接室，允許這些板的每一面接觸不同之流體。爲使滿 足所有前述之熱交換器的特徵，此一型的裝置必須爲重的 且三維尺寸均爲大的。爲使減少損失，最佳之型式係接近 於管的型式。此二缺點被額外地添加至其之高製造成本的 缺點上，其結果，與將被組合之板的數量成比例地，增加 必須執行之作業數量。在供腐蝕性流體用的熱交換器情況 中，亦必須考慮將使用之相當高價位的金屬。 因爲塑膠材料之穩定特徵，亦使因塑膠製成之對流熱 交換器，其允許耐受大多之腐蝕性流體而不會損壞。此外 ，其亦具有較低重量及較低厚材料成本之優點。整體而言 ，這些優點大爲抵消塑膠之導熱不足，及相關流體之最大 溫度必須通常少於]00至120 °c的事實。至今，已習慣使用 200539983 (3) 塑膠製造熱交換器在以對流循環的二受限流體之間，使用 一來小直徑，相當長之管，交換地安裝在一大直徑管中。 在小管內側與外側的流體以反方向循環。小直徑管之優點 係其增加供大管的給定剖面用之作用交換表面，且減少環 繞這些小管之流體的最大厚度，可改善在這些管的內側與 外側之間的熱交換。但此一型之熱交換器的主要缺點在於 需要在每一管的二端處進行緊密連接支線，以確保小管束 的整體長度均被規則地安排在大管的內側上。因此，內部 管的所有壁均被相同之減少的流體厚度所環繞，使得可以 最佳條件執行熱交換。此一組合作業亦相當昂貴，因爲其 包含大量之微小細部組合及焊接作業。 在某些供在受限流體與外側空氣之間熱交換的設備中 ’配合在冰箱及/或冷凍機中，諸如在2〇〇 1年8月8日揭示在 號碼EP 1，225,505.A1中的歐洲專利申請案所述，金屬所構成 的基本熱交換器，由二交錯及/或設有突起之矩形板所形 成。适些板含有被安裝在二相對隅角中的二連接環，使可 構成中空且平坦之元件，配設有直徑地相對之入口與出口 。環與板的周邊邊緣均被以連續方式互相焊接，且交錯尖 峯的接觸線或突起的接觸區，在相當間隔開的點處被點焊 接。爲使減少組合數個此一型之中空且平坦的基本熱交換 器之成本，已發展自動程序，特別是1989年8月29日之美 國專利號碼4,8 60,42 1所述。 【發明內容】 -6- 200539983 (4) 本發明之第一目的係用以製造一全新型 換器的方法’其之規格如下··將成爲單件式 合或焊接’且非常有效率、有限尺寸、小重 本 '且一般本質上即可穩定對抗腐蝕性流體。 本發明之第二目的係此一型式之基本熱 小型單一作用部份。 本發明之第三目的係有關於該一基本熱 在工業中通常使用之供自動生產用的機器 輕易地製造。 本發明之第四目的係此一基本熱交換器 經由簡單作業轉換成爲此一交換器的作用部 本發明之第五目的係一特別之模，適合 熱交換器的作用部份之該一預型件。 依據本發明，一種用以製造單件式基本 法，其係非常有效率、有限尺寸、小重量、 及大致上的本質穩定性，其特徵包含下述步 一經由熱吹塑成型或液力形成型在一模 件’該預型件係由合適材料製成，由整體雙 疊構成，其相對於預型件之橫向尺寸係相當 手風琴之風箱，該風箱包含伸長之中央部份 連接器、側面、尖梢及底部，均個別地具有 使得這些側面具有遠大於底部與尖梢之剛性 °又一連接官’被疋心在末端連接器之堆疊軸 一構成此一預型件之元件具有適合之溫 式之基本熱交 ，即爲無須組 :量、低製造成 交換器包含一 交換器，可使 工具與設備而 的預型件，可 份。 製造此一基本 熱交換器的方 低製造成本、 驟： 中製造一預型 凸面風箱之堆 深且相等於一 ’配設有末端 妥適之形狀， ，堆疊本身配 上； 度、可撓性、 -Ί - 200539983 (5) 及彈性’當因而製成之壓縮部件成爲連通與整體地對稱之 成對中空板的堆疊時，平行於風箱之堆疊軸線施加一內部 減壓及/或外部壓縮力至風箱，然後，減輕及/或停止減壓 及/或壓縮力； 一如果必須，在冷卻因此製造的部件之後，以一構件 環繞該部件以確保其之夾持，使維持在成對板的壁之間的 空間之初始値。 依據此一方法的特別特色，在將被使用於製造的模中 ’包含喇叭Ο型槽，具有直線形、狹窄且平行之尖梢與底 部，這些槽之側面均被壓紋，一側面之凸處面向另一側面 的空間。 依據前述二特色，模之壓紋側面的中間縱向平面與其 之對稱平面形成20至30°的角度，且其之末端連接器具有 可翻轉表面的外形。 依據本發明，一種單件式基本熱交換器具有極大效率 、有限尺寸、小重量、低製造成本、及大致上的本質穩定 性之優點，其特徵在於： 一其係由單一作用件所構成，無須組合或焊接，經由 中空、連通，及整體地對稱之成對延伸板所形成； -每一中空板的壁之內部面，以及二連續中空板的壁 之外部面’均被狹窄，實質上爲恆定之空間於所有點處互 相地分開， 一這些成對中空板構成包含伸長中央部份之作用部件 的基本導管，其之二末端被二中空連接器互相連接； -8- 200539983 (6) 一作用部份之每一基本導管具有二主要進給管線，該 管線之軸係與末端連接器之堆疊軸倂合； 一每一主要管線的末端之一係終止於作用部份的連接 支線中。 依據此一熱交換器的特別特色，成對中空板的壁均被 壓紋且整體地對稱，但其之中間縱向平面均垂直於其之對 稱平面。 依據此一熱交換器的另一特別特色，成對中空板的壁 均被壓紋且整體地對稱，但其之縱向平面一起形成1 2 0至 160°的上反角，且其之末端連接器已自可翻轉表面製成 〇 由於這些配置，可使用已知技術製成可滿足前述規格 的數種型式之基本熱交換器。熱吹製成型與液力形成型將 被使用以完成此一工成。熱吹塑成型係在強氣壓下之聚合 物或玻璃的熱成型。此一技術被使用以製造所有型式之具有 相當複雜形狀之容器，小瓶與瓶子。液力形成型係在非高常 液壓下之管或金屬板的冷抽製。此一技術被使用在多種工業 中，用以製成具有複雜形狀之中空部件或組件。 熱吹塑成型技術人員由經驗知道以此一技術製造的容 器不能具有一定厚度之壁，因爲這些容器具有相當狹窄且深 的中空部份。在本發明之情況中’於熱吹塑成型作業期間 ，型坯（此係玻璃工作者之語言，係將被形成之中空糊狀玻 璃或聚合物質量）的剖面之元件’在被使用以製造具有風 箱之預型件的模之喇叭口型槽的二平行連續尖梢之外部邊緣 -9- 200539983 (7) 之間’根據其之相對於這些尖梢的位置，具有不同之命運。 沿著模之尖梢，形成預型件之風箱的底部，且這些底部的厚 度實質上爲型坯的厚度。沿著模之側面，在模之尖梢的內部 邊緣之間的型坯之初始平坦剖面脹大，且其逐漸地減低厚度 ，裝附至模之槽的側面。最後，如果己進行所有步驟以確 保進行順利，其成爲相當的薄且裝附至槽之底部以形成預型 件的尖梢’否則此一尖梢會被貫通且預型件之製造成爲不穩 定。在良好生產條件下，該一預型件之風箱的底部厚度係大 於其之側面平均厚度，且非常地大於其之尖梢的厚度。在風 箱之尖梢與底部的厚度之間的關係，係根據在模之槽的二尖 梢之間的型坯剖面寬度之間的關係，或槽之側面的中間平面 所形成的上反角之半角度的正弦。低於此一半角度的最小値 ，風箱之尖梢不能被完全地形成。此一半角度的最佳値係在 2 0與3 0°之間，最低値係由熱吹塑成型部件之尖梢的正確形 成之最小角度所指示，且最大値係由風箱之末端連接器的面 之最大翻轉角度所指示。前述之考慮對供金屬型坯的液力形 成型作業並無太多改變。 在依據本發明之方法的第一實施例中，使用在冷狀態 中相當具有撓性及彈性的金屬或聚合物（例如聚乙烯或銅 )，由於已知之熱吹塑成型及液力形成型技術，其易於製 造依據本發明之預型件，其含有有壓紋側面之風箱，其之 中間縱向平面形成上反角，例如爲太大的半角度45° ，預防 末端連接器的任何翻轉。然後，由於風箱之尖梢與底部具有 比側面小很多之剛性，其易於（])冷壓縮此一預型件以使 -10- 200539983 (8) 給予整體地對稱與連通之成對中空板的堆疊形式，具有小且 實質上恆定內部厚度與間隔，且中間縱向平面垂直於其之對 稱平面，及（2 )使用適合之構件以保存其之初始形狀，且 經由夾持確保其之維持。 在依據本發明之方法的第二實施例中，經由鑄製一具 有相同於前述之形狀的預型件，其由在熱時具有撓性且在冷 時有相當之剛性的玻璃或聚合物（例如爲聚丙烯）製成， 然後執行此一預型件之適合的熱壓縮，使其有所需形狀，且 然後，經由讓因而生產之部件冷卻（在一適合之標準中） ’所給予此一部件之形狀成爲穩定且爲最終形狀。任何經由 夾持確保維持之裝置成爲不必要。 在這些第一與第二情況中，由於前述方法的特殊性質 ，所生產之預型件的風箱之側面被壓紋。因爲此一壓紋，（ 例如爲具有四節面之頂部形狀，具有交替次序之空洞與凸 處），壁之慣性矩相對於其之中間平面極大地增加，且結 果，風箱之側面的剛性相對於其之底部成爲非常大（> 1 00 )，雖然在熱吹塑成型情況中之厚度係遠大於風箱之側面 的平均厚度。結果，在此二情況中，風箱之尖梢與底部操作 爲鉸鏈，其在第一情況中係相當可撓且在第二情況中係非常 可撓。事實上，壓紋側面相對於預型件之風箱的相當厚底部 之剛性比率，在離開模之後快速地增加，因爲相對薄之側面 比相當厚的底部更快速地冷卻。在該二情況中，中空板之壓 紋壁的相當大之剛性，預‘防其之堆疊的任何變形。 在依據本發明之方法的第三實施例中，風箱之相當深 -11 - 200539983 (9) 的壓紋側面之中間平面，形成大約50°之上反角，且其之末 端連接器均爲可翻轉之表面。在這些條件中，如前述第二情 況的保持預型件材料，在被施加至此一預型件的內部減壓 及/或外部壓縮力的作用下，受到此力的其之半風箱的凸面 表面翻轉且成爲凹面，由於這些半風箱之末端連接器側的穩 定翻轉，可維持於凹面。不管由這些末端連接器之翻轉產生 的自其之原始位置偏移造成之力，可抑制這些特別剛性之壓 紋板的中間縱向平面之任何彎折。 必須注意，在依據本發明之方法的第三實施例中，預 型件之風箱的翻轉實際上僅影響這些風箱的末端連接器，因 爲其之中央部件僅爲簡單之折疊，但這些末端連接器之翻轉 確保這些折疊的保持與穩定性。該一翻轉係穩定的，因爲風 箱之中央部份的末端連接器均爲可翻轉表面，例如爲半錐台 。因爲風箱及其之末端連接器的深度相對於預型件之橫向尺 寸係足夠大，這些表面可具有該一特質。該一配置係必須的 ，成爲一可翻轉表面的第二必須特色，第一特色係爲在錐台 之情況中於尖峯處之半角度少於大約60° 。已知的，一可翻 轉表面之翻轉包含在此一表面的二穩定狀態之間的短暫屈曲 相位。該一轉換屈曲可僅在風箱之側面爲同時地之時存在， 不會互相太遠離，且相對於預型件之橫向尺寸係相當地深， 考慮其之壁的厚度及所使用之材料的楊氏模數（Young’s module )。以範例示之，考慮到此二參數，風箱之深度可 自截面末端連接器的半徑之95至5 0%變化。最後必須注意， 在一手風琴的情況中，風箱之此一相對尺寸係大致上僅在自 -12- 200539983 (10) 10至15%，其結果，允許在無任何雙向穩定現象下，易於折 疊且拉伸其之末端連接器。 依據本發明，在二拘限流體之間的熱交換器，在—外 殼中包含一或更多這些基本交換器，其特徵在於： -半殻係由二半外板所形成，其以緊密方式完全地環 繞此一交換器或這些交換器並跟隨著其之整體外部形狀或 形狀，而產生與之相關的狹窄空間，且維持與二中空末端 板之外部中央線接觸； -每一半外板容納一基本交換器或由數個交換器所形 成之組件的縱向外部，且於其之每一末端處包含〜連接半 支線，並於其之底部中包含一或更多之固定開口； -這些半外板與這些半支線的邊緣均被以緊密方式固 定，且此一開口或這些開口的邊緣或多數邊緣，亦被固定 至此一交換器或每一這些交換器的二連接支線之一。 依據本發明，一用以製造一基本熱交換器之作用部份 的預型件之模，包含平行六面體底座形式的二金屬顎夾， 對稱地相對於其之分模線； 一在每一這些底座中，係具有直線性，狹窄且平行之 尖梢與底部的向外中空伸長喇叭口槽，其之側面均被壓紋 ，且其一之空洞與凸處係面向另一之凸處與空間； -分離該槽之突起的尖梢均平行於分模線，且相對於 此一平面且有大於其本身之寬度的間隙； 一由模之每一槽的側面之中間縱向平面與其之對稱平 面形成的角度，係大於由預型件之正確成型條件所指示的 -13- 200539983 (11) 最小角度，且較佳的，小於由所使用之材料的裂斷點所指 示之倒轉的最大角度； 一側面與槽之底部的末端結合以形成對稱表面，如果 合適，具有一可翻轉外形，其終止於模之分模線處，這些 面的二堆疊軸係被置於此一分模線中； 一此二堆疊軸係作用部份之基本導管的二未來主要進 給管線之軸，在每一分離二連續槽之突起中切割圓筒部位 ’以使限定這些主要管線； 一每一這些軸的二末端之一包含半圓筒形空穴，其被 提供以模製作用部份的二連接支線之一的半部； 一這些半圓筒形空穴之一開啓至外側。 一種經由熱吹塑成型一玻璃或聚合物以製造依據本發 明之基本熱交換器的作用部份之預型件的方法，包含下述 步驟： 一經由擠製機以所選擇材料製成相當平坦之中空型坯 一嵌入一型坯在前述之模的二顎夾之間； -關閉模之顎夾，且於此，取代熔接的密封型坯之上 部與下部末端； 一嵌入一噴嘴在模的顎夾之開啓空穴中，且導致其穿 透型坯； 一在型坯內側，以高氣壓施加短暫時間，使經由熱吹 塑成型的熱固定製造作用部份之預型件，其再生模之槽且再 組合一手風琴之雙凸面風箱； -14 - 200539983 (12) -抽出該噴嘴，開啓模之顎夾且移除預型件。 一種經由液力形成型依據本發明之基本熱交換器的作 用部份之金屬預型件的方法，包含下述步驟： -導入合適長度之平坦金屬管在前述型式的具有高機 械強度之模的二顎夾之間，然後關閉這些顎夾，於此點， * 密封管之末端於定位； - 一嵌入一噴嘴進入模的開啓空穴內，使得其緊密地結 合在此一管中； φ 一在管內側，以高液壓施加非常短之時間，適合用以 塗覆金屬在模之壁上，使冷式地產生作用部份之薄壁預型 件，其再生模之槽且再組合一手風琴的雙凸面風箱； -抽出該噴嘴，開啓模之顎夾且移除預型件。 由於所有的這些方法，本發明之目標可完全達成，即 爲，適合供以對流操作，與前述之三特色及規格一致的熱 父換器。必須更特別地注意，依據本發明之單件式熱交換 器，由要由於完全除去相關於作用部份之組合與焊接作業 鲁 ’具有有限之製造成本。排除焊接在經驗到震動的全體工 · 業領域中，係一特別有價値之特色。 依據本發明之熱交換器的效率係根據導熱能力而定， 且因而係根據具之作用部份的壁厚而定。在一方面，此一 厚度係型坯或金屬管之厚度，另一方面，係預型件之橫剖 面的周圍與周邊之比例。單一模允許製造壁厚可自單一至 雙倍變化的預型件。 在本發明之架構內可易於獲致供任何熱交換器所需的 -15 - 200539983 (13) 大交換表面，因爲作用部份之中空板可爲多數（例如高達 30)且相當長（例如自50至150公分）。如此，當其之平 均壁厚爲小的時，可補償這些板的相當有限個別之寬度。 事實上，任何顯著壓力差異，造成具有薄壁之中空板依據 其之寬度而造成較大或較小之變形，且因而，壓縮其之分 離空間且增加其之內部厚度’或相反施行。這些變形之一 或另一係代表減低所實現之熱交換。但，在具有壓紋壁之 中空板中，這些變形係非常小。壓紋薄壁之大剛性，允許 板之寬度達到125mm。 當玻璃被使用以製造交換器之作用部份時，該一差異 壓力之反效果可相當容易地被補償，如果中空板被給定大 於前述之寬度，增加了這些板之壓紋壁的厚度。因爲玻璃 具有雙倍於水的導熱能力，此一雙倍地增加使多種應用可 輕易達成。必須注意，配設有一外殼之熱交換器的作用部 份之相對過壓壓力阻力係相當大（對0.5 mm之作用部份壁 係2至3bars )。另一方面，任何在外殻內側之太大於作用 部份內側之壓力（例如多於1 0 0毫巴），係代表在此一部 份的破碎。因而，此一依據本發明之熱交換器的使用之特 殊情況係被禁止的。 在交換器中之流體的小個別路徑厚度均由中空板之內 部厚度決定，及由其之分離空間而定，此二厚度在二相關 流體具有相同本質時係實質上爲相等的。另一方面，當一 爲氣體而另一爲液體時，將考慮其之流量率與個別之熱容 量，以最佳地決定將製造之路徑的厚度。 -16- 200539983 (14) 被拘限在交換器中之流體的全體路徑剖面，係由作用 部份的每一對中空板所形成之每一基本導管的剖面，乘上 這些板之數量所獲得。因爲前述之理由，一基本導管之剖 面表面係有限的，但中空板之數量可相當大。此外，當將 被交換之熱能係相當大時，其易於並聯組合多數之配設或 未配設外殼的熱交換器，或亦並聯安裝多數之基本熱交換 器在單一外殻中。 至於依據本發明之熱交換器的小尺寸，此係由於下列 事實產生之結果，即爲，不論可能之大的長度，其之外殼 的橫剖面之二測量均相當小且互相接近，因爲其僅含有單 一作用部份。 至於低重量，此係由下列事賓產生之結果，即爲，所 使用之聚合物（例如聚丙烯）具有相當低之密度，且一起 構成該裝置的外殻與作用部份之壁具有有限之厚度。在作用 部份係由金屬製成的情況中（例如不銹鋼或欽），因爲金 屬的大機械強度，壁厚可維持於小的，其補償了較大密度且 允許該單位保持低重量。該一特性在玻璃的情況中較爲不明 〇 於此必須注意’將被使用以製造包含依據本發明之熱 交換器的部件之大多聚合物的本質特性，係對腐蝕性流體 的良好抗性。富然’坡璃與特殊金屬亦具有供此一目標用 之特性。 至於裝置的低製造成本，此係由下列事實產生之結果 ’（])在供一受拘限流體用的熱交換器之情況中，其包 -17- 200539983 (15) 含僅有單件式作用部份，其最多包含易於製造及組合的三 部份，（2 )小量之自動化作業可實現此一目標，及（3 ) 在非常大量之單位後，通常爲高價之模的償還（ amortization )。至於用以執行製造過程的自動化設備， 必須注意，其在製造由塑膠、玻璃或金屬製成的所有形狀 之容器的工廠中係通用的，且依據本發明之製成的修正與 添加，係均在相關交易之任何專業能力內。 必須注意，使用適合之聚合物，特別是聚丙烯、AB S 、或聚碳酸酯，製造依據本發明之基本熱交換器將是最通 常之情況。在加熱散熱器及在汽車內側之空調中，相同的 均會包含一基本熱交換器及其之外殼。在這些散熱器中， 引擎冷卻水或液體冷卻劑會循環在作用部份中，且一強力 氣流環繞此一部份對流。與前述相等之另一範例係被使用 在淸洗機器與乾燥機器中的冷凝熱交換器。另一特殊範例 係一熱水中央加熱散熱器，一般言之，會使用並聯安裝之 多數的無遮蔽基本熱交換器（不具有外殼）。被安裝在水 徑中之熱泵的熱交換器中亦相同。玻璃製成之基本交換器 會允許滿足多數化學實驗室之需求。至於那些合適金屬製 成的熱交換器，可滿足某些以高溫處理腐蝕性流體的高科 技工業之希望。必須注意，具有小尺寸之熱交換器會達到 電子設備製造商的需求，其需要更有效之冷卻其裝置的某 些部件之機構’特別是微處理器與動力電晶體。 【實施方式】 -18- 200539983 (16) 圖1，2與3有關於依據本發明的基本熱交 施例中。於其中之一’這些交換器的成對伸長 間縱向平面一起形成1 5 0 °上反角（剖面a 2與 他則垂直於其之對稱平面（剖面B 2與B 3 )。 中，交換器係經由壓縮與倒置手風琴形狀之預 與末端連接器所生產，在第二情況中，則係經 縮這些風箱與這些連接器所生產。 圖C1顯示一基本熱交換器或此一交換器的 端壁的壓紋（e m b 〇 s s i n g )。此一壓紋係由交 空洞120與凸處122以具有四節面的頂部形狀所 於圖6中）。三交錯橫向剖面均係被形成以描 之幾何形狀結果：個別地通過一板之壁的凸g 1 2 0之半平面A A ’與B B ”，及沿著分線一對板的 之線的平面C C ’。 依據圖2，橫向剖面A 2顯示沿著具有小尺 的作用部件之沿著平面C CV的橫剖面1 〇，及其 半外板1 1 a、1 1 b。作用部份的剖面1 〇被成型類 脊柱，設有七對互相傾斜與平行之中空散熱片 每一散熱片12a、12b的內部空穴14係狹窄的（ )，且經由一共用槽道1 6互相連通的一對整體 ，實質上具有相同於空穴]4之內部厚度的寬度 片12a、12b的壁係由具有高達至少l〇〇°C之良 度的聚合物製成（例如爲聚丙烯），且其具有 均厚度及2 5 mm的寬度。在二連續熱片之間的 換器的二實 :中空板的中 A3 )，且其 在第一情況 型件的風箱 由對稱地壓 預型件之末 替地連通之 形成（詳述 述此一壓紋 I 122與空洞 空洞與凸處 寸之交換器 之外殻的二 似於一魚的 12a、 12b ° 例如爲2mm 稱稱散熱管 。這些散熱 好機械穩定 ‘ 0.5 m m的平 間隙1 8係幾 -19- 200539983 (17) 乎相等於空穴1 4的內部厚度。在橫剖面1 0之二末端散熱片 的外部壁1 3、1 5之間的距離係3 5 m m。 依據剖面A2之交錯剖面1 7的作用部份20之簡化縱向 剖面A 1 (移除壓紋），顯示由被安排如同橫向剖面A2之 散熱片12a、12b的七對整體對稱伸長中空散熱片22所構成 。這些整體對稱伸長散熱片22分享共用中央槽道16，其依 據交換器的所有對稱平面。伸長散熱片22含有直線中央部 份23，其之末端均經由設有中空壁之半錐台24與26互相聯 結。此二系列之半錐台的中心均對準在二軸2 5與2 7上，互 相立即地平行，垂直於中空板22的外側邊緣，且位於其之 對稱縱向平面中。這些軸25 - 27均爲每一基本導管的二主 要進給線路之軸，由每一對中空板2 2構成。這些主要線路 開開啓至作用部份2 0的二連接支線2 8 - 3 0上，其係被安排 在相對方向中且配設固定凸肩2 9 — 3 1 (示於剖面A 1與C 1 )。支線2 8 — 3 0之軸的中心距離可相當大（高達1 5 0 c m ) ，但實際上，其係依據機器之生產基本交換器之作用部份 的預型件之能力而定。 橫向剖面B 2係依隨熱交換器之作用部份的剖面平面 CC’而製成，其之壓紋中空散熱片的中間縱向平面均垂直 於其之對稱整體平面。相同之參考號碼被使用在圖A2與 B 2中。在二圖式的中空散熱片1 2 a - b之間的僅有差異，係 其之相對於整體對稱平面的中間平面之定向。 作用部份20之簡化預型件32 (壓紋被排除）的縱向剖 面B1及其之沿著切割平面CC’的橫向剖面C2 ’顯示此一預 -20- 200539983 (18) 型件3 2被成型類似爲整體地雙凸面風箱3 4之堆疊，側面 3 3a— b與3 5b— b均相等於一手風琴之側面。爲方便起見， 在剖面B 1與C2上，風箱僅顯示四個。沿著剖面C2，每一 風箱之相對尖梢3 6 a與3 6 b均立即被刮刨、細密（例如爲 0.3mm )，及擴寬（例如爲2mm )，在所示範例情況中， 分離這些尖梢之距離係大約5 0 m m。這些風箱之底部3 8 a -b均爲平坦且具有相同寬度（2 m m )，但有可注意到之較 大厚度（例如爲1 .2 mm )。在以範例顯示之具有小尺寸的 交換器情況中，每一風箱3 4之基座測量大約爲1 7mm且具 有2 5 mm之深度。這些尺寸允許良好穿透相關之剖面，直 到被使用以生產此一預型件之模的槽之底部。在這些狀況 中，由其之側面3 3 a — b與3 5 a — b的中間平面形成之尖峰處 的角度係大約5 0 ° ，或由這些中間平面與其之橫向對稱平 面形成之半角度的2 5 ° ，或壓紋之空洞與突處的平坦基底 之1 0 °或4 0 ° 。這些半角度均大於任何模製部件的最小間 隙角度。 沿著前視圖C 1與簡化縱向剖面B 1，預型件3 2的每一 風箱34之末端40與42均被成型爲類似於半錐台部位。這些 錐形部位之中心均被齊在將來的主要進給線4 4 一 4 6之預型 件的軸2 5 - 2 7上，其例如具有16mm之直徑且終止於連接 支線2 8與3 0中，示於A 1與C 1。風箱3 4之縱向尺寸係剖面 A ]中之散熱片2 2所示之尺寸。預型件3 2之二外部半風箱 的側面3 7 a — b與3 9 a — b之凸面接頭’包括縱向突起4 1 — 4 3 ，均作用爲供作用部份2 〇之外殼的凸面與凹面壁的中心用 -21 - 200539983 (19) 的支點（示於A2，此一外殼之橫剖面1丨a〜^ )。在支撐突 起4 1 — 43之間的距離係例如爲】3 0mm，以供具有前述七風 箱的預型件3 2用。 圖3代表二先前基本熱交換器之橫向剖面A3與b 3，沿 著前視圖C1之父錯剖面半平面AA，與BB，製成，其個別地 橫越這些交換器之板的壁之壓紋的空間與凸處。類似地， 示於C 3中的一橫向半剖面均爲具有壓紋壁之一預型件的半 剖面，沿者相同剖面半平面製成。圖2與3中之剖面中的參 考號碼均爲相.同的。一交換器之板的壁與示於剖面A 3、 B 3與C 3 (剖面A A ’與B B ’之半平面）之預型件的風箱之壁 ，與A2、B2與C2所不之不同處爲，取代了直線型外觀（ 切割平面C ) ’圖3中之風箱3 4的側面3 3 a與3 9 a及散熱片 12 8之壁呈現凹下折疊，且這些風箱之側面331)與3913及散 熱片12b之壁呈現突出折疊。 圖4係一簡化立體圖（去除壓紋），顯示用以生產預 型件3 2之模5 0的一厚平行六面體底座5 4形狀之顎夾5 2之一 。在預型件係由聚合物或玻璃製成的情況中，底座54可由 鋁製成，且在預型件必須由金屬製成的情況中，底座5 4可 由具有高機械強度之鋼製成。構成模之分模線的底座5 4之 上部面5 6，含有相當大量之連續、伸長、喇叭口槽6 2。這 些槽含有整體直線型中部部份64，具有一等腰梯形形狀之 平均橫剖面。每一槽62的直線型底部66係狹窄的且相對應 於梯型的小基底。這些槽6 2的側面6 8 a - b均相同於預型件 3 2的側面3 3 a — 3 5 a。分開這些槽6 2的突起之直線型尖梢7 〇 -22- 200539983 (20) ，具有相同於圖2之風箱34的底部38a— b之寬度（圖C2) 。至於槽62之底部66，在所示範例中，其之寬度係散熱片 之內部寬度加上其之壁寬度的二倍，即爲3mm。錐台67a —b與6 9 a — b的對稱部位（大於1 / 4的部位）構成喇卩八口槽 6 2之傾斜側面6 8 a - b的延伸件，其組合並終止在模的分模 線5 6中。槽6 2的狹窄直線型底部6 6的末端，均與終止在分 模線56處之四分之一圓筒65a— b延伸。圓筒表面72與74的 部位，例如爲1 6 m m直徑，自錐台6 7 a - b與6 9 a - b部位切 割在分開槽62的突起中，構成將產生主進給線44與46之預 型件的邊緣的模部件，示於圖1之圖式B 1中。這些圓筒表 面7 2 — 7 4部位的中心均對準在二半空穴7 6與7 8 (例如爲 12mm直徑）的軸25 — 27上，配設有半凸肩77 — 79。這些 半空穴7 6與78均自底座54的上部面向外中空，且可產生預 型件32的連接支線28— 30及其之凸肩29— 31。這些軸25 — 2 7均互相平行且垂直於分開槽6 2之突起的尖梢7 0，並位於 模的分模線5 6中。中空穴7 6係開啓向外側。 圖5代表被組合且焊接之二半外板8 0與8 2的簡化立體 局部圖（消除壓紋）（A 5與B 5 )，構成依據本發明之基 本熱交換器的外殻8 1。此二半外板均使用業界中共用的技 術所生產（一聚合板之熱吹塑成型或金屬箔之拉製）。每 一此二半外板8 0 — 8 2係嚐試容納基本交換器之作用部份2 0 的縱向半部，且形成外殼8 1的二連接支線9 4與1 1 0之半部 〇 半外板8 0的局部圖A 5顯示，一凸面外部壁8 4包含環繞 -23 - 200539983 (21) 的一狹窄連續平坦表面8 5，且在中間具有一相同寬度之縱 向突起8 6。此一平坦表面與此一突起均個別地適合用以產 生相對於作用部份2 0的整體限制之所提供的小間隙（例如 爲1 mm )，但除了支撐此一作用部份的突起4 1 一 43以外。 於半外板80的末端處，顯示浮雕之錐台部位40的形狀型88 (示於圖1之C 1 )，其作用以連接成對外部凸面縱向散熱 片13 (圖2之A2 )的二直線型元件。在形狀型88的中央具 有一圓形開口 90，其之周圍92係將被施加且焊接至作用部 份20的連接支線28之凸肩29。於半外板80的末端處，可見 到作用部份1 0的外殼8 1之連接半支線9 0的最終端部件。成 對縱向散熱片2 2之數量愈大，半外板8 0的側面9 6 a - b愈高 。一邊緣9 8 a — b環燒半外板8 0的外緣（側面9 6 a - b與半支 線9·4 )。這些邊緣亦顯示在圖2的A2中。 半外板8 2的局部圖B 5顯示一凸面外部壁1 〇 〇，包含環 繞的一狹窄連續表面1 0 2，且在中間具有一相同寬度之縱 向空洞1 04。此一連續平坦表面與此一空洞均個別地適合 用以產生類似於前述之小間隙。在半外板8 2的末端處，顯 示錐台部位4 2之向外中空的形狀型丨〇 6，其作用以連接成 對外部縱向凸面散熱片1 5的二直線型元件（剖面a 2 )。 在形狀型1 〇 6的中央顯示一圓盤1 〇 8，被放置相對於半外板 8 0的開口 9 0。在半外板8 2的末端處，安排外殼8 1之連接半 支線1 I 0。半外板8 2的側面1 1 2 a — b均具有相同於半外板8 0 之側面9 6 a — b之高度。二邊緣丨〗4 a — b環繞半外部8 2之外 緣。這些邊緣1 1 4 a — b均將被焊接至半外板8 〇的邊緣9 8 a — -24- 200539983 (22) b 〇 圖6代表二物件之放大圖，（I ) 一實際基本熱交換器 之中空伸長板2 2的壓紋壁之縱向半部的前視圖，及（2 ) 一實際半模之槽62的壓紋側面之類似前視圖，其可被使用 以生產此一交換器之預型件.。在二者之情況中，預型件或 被使用於其之生產的半模之槽的壓紋壁，包含依序交替之 空洞120與凸處122，具有設有四節面之頂部形狀，二爲梯 形1 24 — 1 26的形狀，二爲等腰三角形1 2 8 — 1 3 0的形狀。每 一空洞120的深度與凸處122的高度均例如爲2.5mm，符號 b與c係被給定以參考此四節面，個別地辨識陰影顯示之凸 處與空洞。前述之剖面半平面AA’或BB’於其之中點交叉， 即爲向外中空梯型124c與126c，或凸出梯型124b與126b。 梯型124與126之結合線參考號碼爲121與123，依據這些梯 型係屬於空洞或凸處而定。必須注意，每一實際預型件之 該二壓紋側面3 3 — 3 5，或一實際半模之槽62的側面68a— b ’包含面向一交替次序之凸處與空洞交替次序之凸處與空 洞。虛線1 2 9係用以區分個別地屬於一凸處或一空洞的二 共平面節面1 2 8 b與1 3 0 c或1 3 0 b與1 2 8 c，每一虛線係大對角 ，線或菱形。前述切割平面CC，跟隨這些線129。狹窄短形 1 3 2、1 3 4係位於次序連接之中洞與凸處1 2 0 - 1 2 2的二末端 險’均爲平坦區域，（Ο在交換器的情況中連接中空板 22的中央部份與其之末端連接器24 一 26，或（2 )連接半 模之彳曰62’其之末端爲部份的錐台67a— b與69a— b。圖6 中之邊緣]36與】3 8均爲預型件32之尖梢線36或底部線38。 -25- 200539983 (23) 圖7係沿著二具有壓紋壁之連續中空板1 4 〇與1 4 2的中 央部份之中線1 2 1 — 1 2 3的縱向剖面之放大圖，該二板1 4 0 ’ 1 4 2以一空間1 4 4分開。沿著此一中央縱向剖面，述於圖 6中之壓紋本身即顯示出在預型件的受控壓縮之後，在中 空板1 4 0 — 1 4 2的產生中，經由諸如丨5 〇 a或丨5 2 b的系列凸處 及諸如152a或150b的空洞所形成之壁146a — b與148a — b， 均被諸如1 5 4 a — b的節面以大約3 〇。聯結在一起。在1 5 0 a 與1 5 0 b之間的間隙大約爲5 m m。具有壓紋壁之中空板1 4 0 —1 4 2的厚度實質上爲恆定的，例如爲2 mm。彎曲空間1 4 4 的寬度實質上爲恆定的且相同於該板之內部厚度的量値。 在這些條件中，壓紋之效果係給予相對於中間平面之 壁的慣性矩具有一値，該値係數百倍大於一半公厘厚之平 面壁的相同慣性矩。壁之中央部份的剛性以相同比例被增 加，但預型件之風箱的尖梢與底部維持非常小，允許這些 尖梢與底部作用爲可撓連桿，在預型件的受控壓縮時，採 用非常小之曲率半徑，而側面維持整體地平坦。 由於這些配置方式，依據本發明之熱交換器顯現出具 有所有之生產與使用特色上的優點。有關於生產，必須注 意，首先，相關之模需要通常之生產過程，且這些過程係 在工業中經常應用的技術。在諸如擠製機、壓縮機與行進 系統的自動設備中亦相同，這些設備均可在用以自聚合物 或玻璃生產所有形狀之容器的工廠中發現，這些容器係用 以容納最多樣化之流體。在以非常高水壓中操作的設備中 亦相同，這些設備係用以液力形成金屬部件。 -26- 200539983 (24) 以相同於手風琴之整體雙凸風箱堆疊形式 始，將此一預型件3 2轉換成爲依據本發明之基 的一作用部份2 0，需要本身即爲新穎之作用， 此一目標用的特別機器工具實行。此一作業對 方向定向之預型件的風箱或快速轉換此一預型 風箱，朝向以第二方向定向之整體地對稱的半 凸面且成爲並保持凹面）。在二情況中，該作 行風箱的堆疊軸線施加壓縮力至風箱而執行。 由被施加在預型件3 2內側之受控減壓及/或具 之活塞所產生，活塞以一受控速率移動且與具 之固定支座組合。此一活塞與此一支座會具有 生產，之活動部份的散熱片之縱向尺寸。在經由 縮力的情況中，必須注意，由此產生之外部全 用在最易於移’動之方向中，即爲預型件之風箱 。必須注意，由在第二穩定狀態中之預型件的 的相等穩定突起，已採取傾斜凹面壁之形式， 方式，中空縱向散熱片可經由在完工作用部份 施加充分之壓力而採用其之第一狀態，但後者 獲致或保持最小之可撓性，已接受對稱壓縮之 同。 當然，爲使可以且可正確地進行所有這些 入必須之執行諸如壓縮或轉換的特別機器中之 底部的預型件，必須具有充份之撓性與彈性。 之裂斷點相當地高，且相關於風箱之中央部份與 之預型件開 本熱交換器 並以適合供 稱壓以第一 件之凸面半 風箱（其爲 業係經由平 此一力係經 有凸面外形 有凹面外形 相同於最終 減壓產生壓 方向力會作 的堆疊軸線 半風箱造成 且以示範之 內側簡單地 之壁不能再 半風箱亦相 作業，被導 含有尖梢與 即爲，使其 其之末端連 -27- 200539983 (25) 接器的側面之轉換或對稱壓縮，可不會有裂開或爆裂之風險 的發生。自模傳送至壓縮預型件的機器，會包含相當顯著之 無感時間，此一預型件會冷卻，且特別是在玻璃的情況中， 可看出可撓性減少至低於良好轉換或良好壓縮產生之最低限 。於此情況，機器必須包含在上游之重新加熱預型件之機構 ，可使恢復所需之撓性，使相關之半風箱可被不造成損壞地 反轉。 必須注意，依據本發明之基本熱交換器的整體對稱中 空板之中央部份末端的中空連接器（已於前述），均爲錐 台部位。當然，此型之表面並非僅有之可使用表面。事實 上，可使用任何可倒轉表面（例如，具有方型基座及尖峯 之金字塔，可相對於包含其之基座的倒轉平面反轉），構 成依據本發明之預型件的風箱之中央部份末端的雙凸面連 接器。 有關於風箱之側面的壓紋，必須注意，具有四節面之 頂部並非僅有之實施方式，且具有圓頂與凹碗形狀之凸處 與空洞（實質上之圓形底部）亦爲可能。 有關於基本熱交換器之外殻的生產與安裝，必須注意 ，這些作業亦需要工業中經常使用之技術。有關於半外板 之互相緊密固定及緊密固定至作用部份的連接支線，當然 可提供可互相配接並維持該配接狀況之緊密接頭與邊緣。 有關於作用部份之連接反線的相對方向中之定向，明 顯的，這些不同定向允許流體在內部與外部部件內側之較 佳循環，但相同的，不會造成嚴重損壞。 -28 - 200539983 (26) 如前所述’依據本發明之基本熱交換器，不論是否如 前述地被緊密外殻所環繞，具有此一型式之裝置所需的所 有特色，且其滿足相關之所有特殊規格。其當然不被前述 實施例所限制。 【圖式簡單說明】 在下述之以非限制性範例所提供的由於下圖式顯示之 實施例的說明，可明白本發明之特色與優點，其中： 圖1在右側之A 1中，係沿依據本發明之基本熱交換 器的下列圖2與3中之平面1 7的縱向剖面，在中央，係 此一交換器之預型件的簡化縱向剖面B 1，且在左側，係 此一預型件或此一交換器的實際前視圖C 1 (簡化顯示A 1 與B 1中已消除壓紋）； 圖2係依據本發明的二基本熱交換器之實際橫剖面 A2、B2與C2，其係沿著行進通過示於C1中之交換器的 壁之壓紋的一中間與一凸處之間的中線之剖面軸線C C ’製 成； 圖3係依據本發明的二基本熱交換器之實際交錯橫向 半剖面 A3，B3與C3，沿著交錯剖面軸線 AA’與BBf製 成，其個別地橫越在C 1中之交換器的壁之壓紋的一中空 與一凸處； 圖4係構成供生產依據本發明之基本熱交換器的作用 部份之預型件的半模之底座的簡化立體圖； 圖5係依據本發明之基本熱交換器的外殼之每一該二 -29- 200539983 (27) 半外板的半部之簡化立體圖； 圖6係一單件式熱交換器的中空板之壓紋壁或相關之 模的壓紋側面之前視圖；及 圖7係具有該一交換器之壓紋壁的二連續中空板之剖 面圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 10 壓縮部件 10a 壓縮部件 1 Ob 壓縮部件 11a 半外板 lib 半外板 12a 散熱片 12b 散熱片 13 中央壁 14 內部空穴 15 中央壁 16 共用槽道 17 平面 18 間隙 20 作用部份 22 伸長散熱片 23 中央部份 24 半錐台200539983 ⑴ 发明, description of the invention [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a completely new type of hot parent exchange benefit 1 ', and a manufacturing method and device thereof. [Previous Technology] When heat recovery or heat dissipation is required, a heat exchanger between two fluids is used, but the fluids are not mixed, and the flow system transports thermal energy and discharges it. In a heat exchanger, at least one system in one fluid is confined, that is, forced to circulate in a limited space as a whole, while another fluid can be confined only locally or not at all. For example, in a hot water central heating radiator, the same applies depending on whether it is partially covered. The same is true for a heat exchanger of a heat pump where a cold gas fluid passes through the pump and is immersed in the water path. When the two fluids must be confined, especially when they are recyclable or recyclable, the heat exchanger to be used must contain one or more functional internal parts, surrounded by an external component or housing, all of which have For connecting branch wires, external parts are generally thermally insulated. There are several operating modes of heat exchangers: convection, co-current and cross-flow. The advantage of an exchanger operating in convection mode is that it allows all the temperature differences that exist between it to be transferred from the hot fluid to the cold fluid. Reflow exchangers are only allowed to connect to intermediate temperatures between a fluid. As for the cross-flow exchanger, its structure is different, it has lower efficiency than the convection type, but it can be suitable for special applications (such as automotive radiators). In order to achieve maximum efficiency, all cooked exchangers must have the following characteristics -4- 200539983 (2): (1) has a working surface, that is, to directly participate in heat exchange, it should be as large as possible, (2) for two The path thickness of the fluid should be small and the entire length along the surface of the work should be constant. Therefore, the entire confined fluid or the entire fluid participates in heat exchange, and (3) is formed by the heat energy to be exchanged. Sizable overall path profile for confined fluids or overall fluids to minimize energy loss. In many industrial applications, the active wall of the convection heat exchanger used is made of metal, which is a good thermal conductor suitable for the relevant fluid. When the two fluids are fairly uranium-corrosive (such as seawater), special types of stainless steel, such as high cost, are required. There are several metal models on the market for two confined fluids for convective circulation. Most are constructed by stacking short plates with large dimensions, separated from each other by tight joints, and by connecting chambers, allowing each side of these plates to contact different fluids. In order to meet all of the aforementioned characteristics of heat exchangers, this type of device must be heavy and large in three dimensions. In order to reduce losses, the best type is close to the tube type. These two disadvantages are additionally added to the disadvantage of its high manufacturing cost, and as a result, the number of operations that must be performed is increased in proportion to the number of boards to be combined. In the case of heat exchangers for corrosive fluids, it is also necessary to consider the relatively expensive metals to be used. Because of the stable characteristics of plastic materials, convective heat exchangers made of plastic are also allowed to withstand most corrosive fluids without damage. In addition, it also has the advantages of lower weight and lower material cost. Taken together, these advantages largely offset the fact that plastics do not have sufficient thermal conductivity, and the fact that the maximum temperature of the associated fluid must generally be less than 00 to 120 ° c. So far, 200539983 (3) plastic-made heat exchangers have been used between two constrained fluids circulating in convection, using a small diameter, relatively long tube, which is installed interchangeably in a large diameter tube. The fluid inside and outside the tubule circulates in opposite directions. The advantages of small-diameter tubes are that they increase the exchange surface for a given profile of large tubes, and reduce the maximum thickness of the fluid surrounding these small tubes, which improves the heat exchange between the inside and outside of these tubes. However, the main disadvantage of this type of heat exchanger is that tightly connected branch lines are required at the two ends of each tube to ensure that the entire length of the small tube bundle is regularly arranged on the inside of the large tube. Therefore, all walls of the inner tube are surrounded by the same reduced fluid thickness, so that heat exchange can be performed under optimal conditions. This combination is also quite expensive, as it involves a large number of small detailed combinations and welding operations. In some equipment for heat exchange between restricted fluid and outside air, 'fit into refrigerators and / or freezers, such as disclosed on August 8, 2001 under number EP 1,225,505. According to the European patent application in A1, the basic heat exchanger made of metal is formed by two staggered and / or rectangular plates provided with protrusions. These plates contain two connecting rings which are installed in two opposite corners, so that they can form a hollow and flat element, and are equipped with diametrically opposite inlets and outlets. The peripheral edges of the ring and the plate are welded to each other in a continuous manner, and the staggered peak contact lines or protruding contact areas are spot-welded at fairly spaced points. In order to reduce the cost of combining several hollow and flat basic heat exchangers of this type, automatic procedures have been developed, particularly as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,8 60,42 1 of August 29, 1989. [Summary of the Invention] -6- 200539983 (4) The first object of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a brand-new type of converter, whose specifications are as follows: It will become a single piece of welding or welding, and it is very efficient and limited. Dimensions, small weights' and are generally essentially stable against corrosive fluids. A second object of the present invention is a basic thermal single-acting part of this type. A third object of the present invention is to easily manufacture a machine for automatic production in which the basic heat is generally used in industry. The fourth object of the present invention is the conversion of this basic heat exchanger into the active part of this exchanger through a simple operation. The fifth object of the present invention is a special model suitable for the preform of the active part of the heat exchanger. Pieces. According to the present invention, a basic method for manufacturing a one-piece type is very efficient, has a limited size, a small weight, and is substantially stable in nature. It is characterized by the following steps. One is through thermal blow molding or hydroforming. In a module, the preform is made of a suitable material and is composed of a double stack. Its transverse dimension relative to the preform is equivalent to an accordion bellows. The bellows contains an elongated central connector, The sides, tips, and bottoms individually have a rigidity that makes these sides far greater than the bottom and the tips. Another connection officer is centered on the stacking shaft of the end connector. The elements constituting this preform have suitable The basic heat transfer of the warm type is that there is no need to set up: the quantity, low manufacturing is made into an exchanger including an exchanger, which can make tools and equipment preforms, can be shared. The manufacturing cost of manufacturing this basic heat exchanger is low, and the steps are as follows: The depth of the stack of a pre-shaped convex bellows is equal to the shape of a proper end, and the stack itself is matched; , -Ί-200539983 (5) and elasticity 'When the compression member thus produced becomes a stack of paired hollow plates that communicates and is symmetrical overall, an internal decompression and / or exterior is applied parallel to the stack axis of the bellows Compress the force to the bellows, and then reduce and / or stop the decompression and / or compressive force;-if necessary, after cooling the component thus manufactured, surround the component with a component to ensure that it is clamped and maintained at The initial encounter with the space between the walls of the plate. According to the special features of this method, in the mold to be used for manufacturing, 'contains horn O-shaped grooves, which have linear, narrow and parallel pointed tips and bottoms. The sides of these grooves are embossed and the convexity of one side is convex. The space facing the other side. According to the foregoing two features, the middle longitudinal plane of the embossed side of the mold forms an angle of 20 to 30 ° with its symmetry plane, and its end connector has the shape of a reversible surface. According to the present invention, a one-piece basic heat exchanger has the advantages of great efficiency, limited size, small weight, low manufacturing cost, and substantially intrinsic stability, and is characterized by:-it is composed of a single acting member, No need to combine or weld, it is formed by the pair of extension plates that are hollow, connected, and overall symmetrical;-the inner surface of the wall of each hollow plate and the outer surface of the walls of two continuous hollow plates are narrow, essentially For a constant space, they are separated from each other at all points. One of these paired hollow plates constitutes the basic duct containing the active part of the elongated central part, and the other two ends are connected to each other by two hollow connectors; -8- 200539983 (6) Each basic conduit of an active part has two main feed lines, the axis of which is connected to the stacking shaft of the end connector; one of the ends of each main line terminates in the connecting branch of the active part . According to the special features of this heat exchanger, the walls of the pair of hollow plates are all embossed and overall symmetrical, but the middle longitudinal planes are perpendicular to their symmetrical planes. According to another special feature of this heat exchanger, the walls of the pair of hollow plates are all embossed and symmetrical overall, but their longitudinal planes together form an upper angle of 120 ° to 160 °, and their ends are connected The device has been made from a reversible surface. Because of these configurations, several types of basic heat exchangers that meet the aforementioned specifications can be made using known techniques. Hot-blow molding and hydraulic forming will be used to complete this process. Hot blow molding is the thermoforming of polymers or glass under strong air pressure. This technique is used to make all types of containers, vials and bottles with quite complex shapes. Hydraulic forming is the cold drawing of tubes or metal plates under unusually high hydraulic pressure. This technology is used in a variety of industries to make hollow parts or assemblies with complex shapes. Thermoblow molding technicians know from experience that containers made with this technique cannot have walls of a certain thickness because these containers have rather narrow and deep hollow portions. In the context of the present invention, 'a component of the cross-section of a parison (which is the language of a glass worker, to be formed into a hollow paste-like glass or polymer mass) during a thermal blow molding operation' is used to manufacture Between the outer edges of two parallel continuous spikes of the bell-shaped groove of the mold with the preform of the bellows-9-200539983 (7) 'have different destinies depending on their position relative to these spikes. The bottoms of the bellows of the preform are formed along the tip of the mold, and the thickness of these bottoms is substantially the thickness of the parison. Along the side of the mold, the initial flat cross section of the parison between the inner edges of the tip of the mold swells, and it gradually decreases in thickness to attach to the side of the groove of the mold. Finally, if all steps have been performed to ensure smooth progress, it becomes quite thin and attached to the bottom of the groove to form the tip of the preform '; otherwise this tip will be penetrated and the manufacture of the preform becomes unstable. . Under good production conditions, the bottom thickness of the bellows of this preform is greater than the average thickness of its sides, and is much larger than the thickness of its tip. The relationship between the tip of the bellows and the thickness of the bottom is based on the relationship between the cross-section width of the parison between the two tips of the mold groove, or the upper and lower angles formed by the median plane on the side of the groove Sine of half angle. Below this minimum angle 一半, the tip of the bellows cannot be completely formed. The best angle of this half angle is between 20 and 30 °, and the lowest angle is indicated by the minimum angle of the correct formation of the tip of the hot blow molded part, and the maximum angle is by the end connector of the bellows Indicated by the maximum flip angle of the face. The foregoing considerations have not changed much in the hydroforming operation for the metal parison. In a first embodiment of the method according to the invention, a metal or polymer (such as polyethylene or copper) which is quite flexible and elastic in the cold state is used, due to known thermal blow molding and hydroforming techniques It is easy to manufacture the preform according to the present invention, and it contains a bellows with embossed sides, and the middle longitudinal plane forms an upper contra-angle, for example, a large half-angle 45 ° to prevent any overturn of the end connector. Then, because the tip and bottom of the bellows have much less rigidity than the side, it is easy to (]) cold compress this preform to make -10- 200539983 (8) a pair of hollow plates that are overall symmetrical and connected. The stacking form has a small and substantially constant internal thickness and spacing, and the middle longitudinal plane is perpendicular to its symmetrical plane, and (2) the use of suitable components to preserve its initial shape, and to ensure its maintenance by clamping. In a second embodiment of the method according to the present invention, a preform having the same shape as the foregoing is casted from glass or a polymer that is flexible when hot and fairly rigid when cold ( Made of polypropylene, for example), and then perform a suitable thermal compression of this preform to the desired shape, and then, by cooling (in a suitable standard) the parts thus produced, The shape of a part becomes stable and the final shape. Any device that is maintained through clamping becomes unnecessary. In these first and second cases, the side of the bellows of the preform produced is embossed due to the special nature of the aforementioned method. Because of this embossing (for example, a top shape with four nodes, with cavities and protrusions in alternating order), the moment of inertia of the wall is greatly increased relative to its middle plane, and as a result, the rigidity of the side of the bellows Relative to its bottom becomes very large (> 1 00), although the thickness in the case of thermal blow molding is much larger than the average thickness of the side of the bellows. As a result, the tip and bottom of the bellows are hinged in these two cases, which are quite flexible in the first case and very flexible in the second case. In fact, the stiffness ratio of the embossed sides relative to the rather thick bottom of the preform windbox increases rapidly after leaving the mold, because the relatively thin sides cool faster than the relatively thick bottom. In these two cases, the embossed wall of the hollow plate is quite rigid, preventing any deformation of its stack. In a third embodiment of the method according to the present invention, the middle plane of the embossed side of the bellows is quite deep -11-200539983 (9), forming an opposite angle above about 50 °, and its end connectors are all Reversible surface. In these conditions, the material of the holding preform as in the second case described above is subjected to the internal decompression and / or external compressive force of this preform, and the convex surface of half of the bellows is subjected to this force. The surface is turned over and becomes concave, which can be maintained on the concave surface due to the stable overturn on the connector side of the end of these half bellows. Regardless of the forces caused by the original position shifts caused by the flipping of these end connectors, any bending of the middle longitudinal plane of these particularly rigid embossed plates can be suppressed. It must be noted that in the third embodiment of the method according to the invention, the flipping of the bellows of the preform actually only affects the end connectors of these bellows, because the central parts of them are simply folded, but these ends The flipping of the connector ensures the retention and stability of these folds. This flip is stable because the end connectors in the central part of the bellows are all flipable surfaces, such as a half-cone. Because the depth of the bellows and its end connectors is sufficiently large relative to the lateral dimensions of the preform, these surfaces may have this characteristic. This configuration is necessary to become a second necessary feature of a reversible surface. The first feature is that the half angle at the peak in the case of a frustum is less than about 60 °. It is known that the inversion of a reversible surface involves a transient buckling phase between two stable states of the one surface. This conversion buckling can exist only when the sides of the bellows are simultaneous, not too far away from each other, and relatively deep relative to the lateral dimensions of the preform, considering the thickness of its walls and the material used Young's module. By way of example, considering these two parameters, the depth of the bellows can vary from 95 to 50% of the radius of the end connector of the cross section. Finally, it must be noted that in the case of an accordion, this relative size of the bellows is only approximately from -12-200539983 (10) 10 to 15%. As a result, it is easy to fold without any two-way stability And stretch its end connector. According to the invention, the heat exchanger between two confined fluids contains one or more of these basic exchangers in a housing, which is characterized by:-the half-shell is formed by two half-shells in a compact manner Completely surround this switch or these switches and follow its overall external shape or shape to create a narrow space associated with it and maintain contact with the outer centerline of the two hollow end plates;-each half of the outer plate accommodates A basic exchanger or the longitudinal outer part of a module formed by several exchangers, including at each end thereof ~ connecting half branches, and including one or more fixed openings in the bottom thereof;-these half Both the outer plate and the edges of these half-branch lines are tightly fixed, and this opening or the edges or edges of these openings are also fixed to this switch or one of the two connecting branches of each of these switches. According to the present invention, a mold for manufacturing a preform of a functional part of a basic heat exchanger includes a two-metal jaw clamp in the form of a parallelepiped base, symmetrically with respect to a parting line thereof; One of these bases has a linear, narrow and parallel pointed tip and an outward hollow elongated flared groove at the bottom, both sides of which are embossed, and one of the holes and protrusions faces the other protrusion. And space;-the tips of the protrusions separating the groove are parallel to the parting line, and there is a gap larger than its width relative to this plane; a middle longitudinal plane of the side of each groove of the mold and The angle formed by the plane of symmetry is greater than the minimum angle of -13- 200539983 (11) indicated by the correct forming conditions of the preform, and preferably, less than the maximum of the reversal indicated by the break point of the material used Angle; one side is combined with the end of the bottom of the groove to form a symmetrical surface, with a reversible shape, if appropriate, which terminates at the parting line of the die, and the two stacking axes of these faces are placed at this parting line In one or two The shafts of the two main feed pipelines of the basic conduit of the overlapping shaft system are cut in the cylindrical portion of each of the two continuous groove protrusions so as to define these main pipelines; one of the two ends of each of these shafts One contains semi-cylindrical cavities which are provided with one half of one of the two connecting branches of the moulding part; one of these semi-cylindrical cavities opens to the outside. A method of manufacturing a preform of a functional part of a basic heat exchanger according to the present invention by thermally blow molding a glass or polymer, comprising the following steps:-forming a relatively flat material of a selected material through an extruder A hollow parison is embedded with a parison between the two jaws of the aforementioned mold; the jaw clamp of the mold is closed, and here, the upper and lower ends of the welded sealed parison are replaced; an nozzle is inserted in the mold. The jaw clamp opens into the cavity and causes it to penetrate the parison;-a short time is applied at the high pressure inside the parison to make the preform manufactured by heat-fixing the active part through thermal blow molding, and its regeneration mold Groove and combine a double convex bellows of an accordion; -14-200539983 (12)-withdraw the nozzle, open the jaw clamp of the mold and remove the preform. A method for hydraulically forming a metal preform of the active part of a basic heat exchanger according to the invention, comprising the steps of:-introducing a flat metal tube of suitable length into the aforementioned type of mold with high mechanical strength Between the two jaws, then close these jaws, at this point, the end of the sealing tube is positioned;-one is inserted into a nozzle into the opening cavity of the mold, so that it is tightly integrated in the one tube; φ a Inside the tube, it is applied for a short time with high hydraulic pressure. It is suitable for coating metal on the wall of the mold to coldly produce the thin-walled preform of the working part. It regenerates the groove of the mold and combines an accordion. Double-convex bellows;-Withdraw the nozzle, open the jaw of the mold and remove the preform. As a result of all these methods, the object of the present invention can be fully achieved, that is, a heat exchanger suitable for convection operation and consistent with the aforementioned three features and specifications. It must be more particularly noted that the one-piece heat exchanger according to the present invention has a limited manufacturing cost due to the complete removal of the combination of active parts and welding operations. Excluding welding is a particularly valuable feature in the entire industrial field from experience to vibration. The efficiency of the heat exchanger according to the present invention depends on the heat-conducting capacity, and therefore on the wall thickness of the active part. On the one hand, this thickness is the thickness of the parison or metal pipe, on the other hand, it is the ratio of the circumference to the periphery of the cross-section of the preform. A single mold allows preforms with wall thicknesses that can vary from single to double. Within the framework of the present invention, it is easy to obtain a large exchange surface required for any heat exchanger -15-200539983 (13), because the hollow part of the active part can be majority (such as up to 30) and quite long (such as from 50 To 150 cm). In this way, when their average wall thickness is small, the rather limited individual widths of these plates can be compensated. In fact, any significant pressure difference results in a larger or smaller deformation of the thin-walled hollow plate depending on its width, and thus, compressing its separation space and increasing its internal thickness' or vice versa. One or the other of these variations represents a reduction in the heat exchange achieved. However, in hollow plates with embossed walls, these deformation systems are very small. The high rigidity of the embossed thin wall allows the width of the board to reach 125mm. When glass is used to make the active part of the exchanger, the adverse effect of this differential pressure can be fairly easily compensated. If hollow plates are given a width greater than the foregoing, the thickness of the embossed walls of these plates is increased. Because glass has twice the thermal conductivity of water, this doubling has made many applications easily accessible. It must be noted that the relative overpressure pressure resistance of the active part of the heat exchanger equipped with a shell is quite large (for 0. 5 mm active part wall is 2 to 3 bars). On the other hand, any pressure (for example, more than 100 mbar) on the inside of the casing that is too large than on the inside of the acting part represents the fragmentation in this part. Thus, the special circumstances of the use of such a heat exchanger according to the present invention are prohibited. The thickness of the small individual path of the fluid in the exchanger is determined by the internal thickness of the hollow plate and by its separation space. These two thicknesses are substantially equal when the two related fluids have the same essence. On the other hand, when one is a gas and the other is a liquid, its flow rate and individual heat capacity will be taken into consideration to optimally determine the thickness of the path to be manufactured. -16- 200539983 (14) The overall path section of the fluid confined in the exchanger is the section of each basic duct formed by each pair of hollow plates in the active part, multiplied by the number of these plates . For the foregoing reasons, the cross-sectional surface of a basic duct is limited, but the number of hollow plates can be quite large. In addition, when the heat energy to be exchanged is relatively large, it is easy to combine most of the heat exchangers with or without enclosures in parallel, or install most of the basic heat exchangers in a single enclosure in parallel. As for the small size of the heat exchanger according to the present invention, this is a result of the fact that, regardless of the possible length, two measurements of the cross section of its casing are relatively small and close to each other, because they are only Contains a single acting portion. As for the low weight, this is a result of the fact that the polymer (such as polypropylene) used has a relatively low density, and the walls that together constitute the housing of the device and the wall of the active part have a limited thickness. In the case where the active part is made of metal (such as stainless steel or Chin), the wall thickness can be kept small due to the large mechanical strength of the metal, which compensates for the greater density and allows the unit to keep a low weight. This property is less clear in the case of glass. It must be noted here that the intrinsic properties of most polymers that will be used to make parts containing heat exchangers according to the invention are good resistance to corrosive fluids. Furan 'slope glass and special metals also have characteristics for this purpose. As for the low manufacturing cost of the device, this is the result of the fact that '(]) In the case of a heat exchanger for a restricted fluid, its package-17-200539983 (15) The function part includes at most three parts that are easy to manufacture and combine, (2) a small amount of automated operations can achieve this goal, and (3) after a very large number of units, usually the repayment of a high-priced module (amortization) ). As for the automated equipment used to perform the manufacturing process, it must be noted that it is common in factories that manufacture containers of all shapes made of plastic, glass or metal, and the modifications and additions made according to the present invention are both Within any professional competence of the relevant transaction. It must be noted that using a suitable polymer, especially polypropylene, ABS, or polycarbonate, will be the most common case for making a basic heat exchanger according to the present invention. In heating radiators and air conditioners inside cars, the same will include a basic heat exchanger and its casing. In these radiators, engine cooling water or liquid coolant will circulate in the active part, and a strong air current will convect this part. Another example equivalent to the foregoing is a condensing heat exchanger used in a washing machine and a drying machine. Another special example is a hot water central heating radiator. In general, most unshielded basic heat exchangers (without housing) are used in parallel. The same applies to the heat exchanger of the heat pump installed in the water path. A basic exchanger made of glass would allow for the needs of most chemical laboratories. As for those heat exchangers made of suitable metals, some high-tech industries can meet the hopes of processing corrosive fluids at high temperatures. It must be noted that a heat exchanger with a small size will meet the needs of an electronic device manufacturer, which needs a mechanism that cools some parts of its device more effectively, especially microprocessors and power transistors. [Embodiment] -18- 200539983 (16) Figs. 1, 2 and 3 are related to a basic heat exchange embodiment according to the present invention. In one of these, the longitudinal planes of the pairs of these exchangers together form an upward angle of 150 ° (section a 2 is perpendicular to the plane of symmetry (sections B 2 and B 3). In the exchanger It is produced by compressing and inverting accordion-shaped pre and end connectors, and in the second case, it is produced by shrinking these bellows and these connectors. Figure C1 shows a basic heat exchanger or this exchanger. Embossing of the end wall. This embossing is formed by the intersection of the cavity 120 and the protrusion 122 in a top shape with a four-node surface in FIG. 6). The three staggered transverse sections are all formed to describe the geometric shape of the result: the semi-planes AA 'and BB ”that individually pass through the convex g 1 2 0 of the wall of a plate, and the plane along the line of the pair of plates along the dividing line CC '. According to Fig. 2, the transverse section A 2 shows the transverse section 10 along the plane C CV along the active member with a small rule, and the half outer plates 1 1 a, 1 1 b. 10 Shaped spine, with seven pairs of hollow fins inclined and parallel to each other. The internal cavity 14 of each fin 12a, 12b is narrow () and communicates with each other through a common channel 16 Overall, the walls of the width sheets 12a, 12b having substantially the same internal thickness as the cavity] 4 are made of a polymer (such as polypropylene) having a goodness of at least 100 ° C, and it has Average thickness and a width of 25 mm. The two realities of the converter between two continuous hot fins: the middle A3 of the hollow plate), and the bellows of the profile in the first case is symmetrically pressed at the end of the profile The formation of alternative ground connection (explain in detail this embossed I 122 and the hollow cavity and the convex position of the exchanger Two similar to a fish 12a, 12b ° e.g. 2mm said tube, said heat these heat stability and good mechanical '0. The 5 mm m flat gap 18 series is -19- 200539983 (17) which is almost equal to the internal thickness of the cavity 14. The distance between the outer walls 1 3, 15 of the heat sink at the end of the cross section 10 bis is 35 mm. The simplified longitudinal section A 1 (removing the embossing) of the active portion 20 according to the staggered section 17 of the section A2 shows that there are seven pairs of symmetrical overall elongated hollow fins 22 arranged like the fins 12a, 12b of the transverse section A2. Made up. These overall symmetrically elongated fins 22 share a common central channel 16, which follows all symmetrical planes of the exchanger. The elongated heat sink 22 includes a straight central portion 23, and the ends thereof are connected to each other via half-cones 24 and 26 provided with hollow walls. The centers of the half frustums of these two series are aligned on the two axes 25 and 27, and are immediately parallel to each other, perpendicular to the outer edge of the hollow plate 22, and located in a symmetrical longitudinal plane thereof. These shafts 25-27 are the shafts of the two main feed lines of each basic duct, and are composed of each pair of hollow plates 22. These main lines open to the two connecting branches 2 8-3 0 of the active part 20, which are arranged in opposite directions and are provided with fixed shoulders 2 9 — 3 1 (shown in sections A 1 and C 1 ). The center distance of the axis of the branch line 28-30 can be quite large (up to 150 cm), but in fact, it depends on the ability of the machine to produce the preforms of the active part of the basic exchanger. The transverse section B 2 is made according to the section plane CC 'of the active part of the heat exchanger, and the intermediate longitudinal planes of the embossed hollow fins are perpendicular to the symmetrical overall plane thereof. The same reference numbers are used in Figures A2 and B2. The only difference between the two-drawing hollow fins 1 2 a-b is the orientation of the middle plane relative to the overall plane of symmetry. The longitudinal section B1 of the simplified preform 32 (the embossing is excluded) of the active part 20 and the cross section C2 'along the cutting plane CC' show this pre-20- 200539983 (18) The preform 3 2 is The molding is similar to the stack of integrally double-convex bellows 34, and the sides 3 3a-b and 3 5b-b are equal to the side of an accordion. For convenience, only four bellows are shown on sections B1 and C2. Along section C2, the opposite pointed ends 3 6 a and 3 6 b of each wind box are immediately shaved and fine (for example, 0. 3mm), and widening (for example, 2mm), in the example case shown, the distance separating these tips is about 50 mm. The bottoms 3 8 a-b of these bellows are all flat and have the same width (2 m m), but there are noticeable larger thicknesses (eg 1. 2 mm). In the case of a small-sized exchanger shown as an example, the base of each wind box 34 is approximately 17 mm and has a depth of 25 mm. These dimensions allow good penetration of the relevant cross section until the bottom of the groove of the mold used to produce this preform. In these situations, the angles at the peaks formed by the median planes of the sides 3 3 a-b and 3 5 a-b are about 50 °, or the half-angles formed by these median planes and their planes of transverse symmetry 25 °, or 10 ° or 40 ° of the embossed cavity and the flat base of the protrusion. These half angles are all greater than the minimum clearance angle of any molded part. Along the front view C 1 and the simplified longitudinal section B 1, the ends 40 and 42 of each bellows 34 of the preform 32 are shaped like half-cone portions. The centers of these tapered parts are all aligned on the shafts 2 5-2 7 of the preforms of the future main feed lines 4 4-4 6 which, for example, have a diameter of 16 mm and terminate in connecting branch lines 28 and 30. It is shown in A 1 and C 1. The longitudinal dimension of the bellows 34 is the dimension shown by the fins 22 in section A]. Preforms 3 2 bis The sides of the outer half bellows 3 7 a-b and 3 9 a-b convex joints' include longitudinal protrusions 4 1-4 3, both acting as the convex surface of the housing for the active part 2 0 With the center of the concave wall, use the fulcrum of -21-200539983 (19) (shown in A2, the cross section of this shell 1a ~ ^). The distance between the support protrusions 4 1-43 is, for example, 30 mm for the preform 32 having the aforementioned seven bellows. Figure 3 represents the transverse cross sections A3 and b 3 of two previous basic heat exchangers, made along the semi-plane AA, and BB of the cross section of the front view C1, which individually cross the pressure of the walls of these exchanger plates. The space and protrusion of the pattern. Similarly, a transverse half-section shown in C 3 is a half-section of a preform having an embossed wall, made along the same plane as the half-section. The reference numbers in the sections in Figures 2 and 3 are relative. The same. The wall of an exchanger plate and the bellows of the preform shown in sections A3, B3 and C3 (half planes of sections AA 'and BB') are not different from those of A2, B2 and C2 It replaces the linear appearance (cutting plane C). The sides 3 3 a and 3 9 a of the bellows 3 in FIG. 3 and the walls of the heat sink 12 8 are concavely folded, and the sides of these bellows 331 ) And 3913 and the wall of the heat sink 12b show a prominent fold. Figure 4 is a simplified perspective view (without embossing) showing one of the thick parallelepiped bases 5 4 shaped jaws 5 2 used to produce the mold 50 of the preform 32. In the case where the preform is made of polymer or glass, the base 54 may be made of aluminum, and in the case where the preform must be made of metal, the base 54 may be made of steel having high mechanical strength. The upper surface 5 6 of the base 5 4 constituting the parting line of the mold contains a considerable number of continuous, elongated, bell mouth grooves 62. These grooves contain an integral linear middle portion 64 with an average cross section of an isosceles trapezoidal shape. The linear bottom 66 of each groove 62 is narrow and corresponds to a small base of a ladder shape. The sides 6 8 a-b of these grooves 6 2 are all the same as the sides 3 3 a-3 5 a of the preform 3 2. The protruding linear tips 7 0-22-200539983 (20) separating these grooves 62 have the same width as the bottoms 38a-b of the bellows 34 of Fig. 2 (Fig. C2). As for the bottom 66 of the groove 62, in the example shown, its width is the internal width of the heat sink plus twice the width of its wall, i.e., 3 mm. The symmetrical parts of the frustum 67a —b and 6 9 a — b (parts larger than 1/4) constitute the extension of the slanted side 6 8 a-b of the lachi eight-slot groove 6 2, which are combined and terminated in the mold. Mold line 5 6 in. The ends of the narrow linear bottom 66 of the groove 62 are extended with the quarter cylinder 65a-b which terminates at the parting line 56. The positions of the cylindrical surfaces 72 and 74 are, for example, 16 mm in diameter. They are cut from the projections 6 7 a-b and 6 9 a-b in the protrusions of the separation groove 62 to constitute the main feed lines 44 and 46. The edge mold part of the preform is shown in the drawing B 1 of FIG. 1. The centers of these cylindrical surfaces 7 2-7 4 are aligned on the shafts 25-27 of the two-half cavities 7 6 and 7 8 (for example, a diameter of 12 mm), and are provided with semi-shoulders 77-79. These half-cavities 76 and 78 are both hollow from the upper surface of the base 54 and can generate the connecting branches 28-30 of the preform 32 and the shoulders 29-31 thereof. These axes 25-2 7 are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the protruding tips 70 of the projections of the separation grooves 62, and are located in the parting line 56 of the mold. The middle cavity 7 6 series opens outward. Fig. 5 represents a simplified perspective partial view of the assembled and welded outer halves 80 and 82 (removing embossing) (A 5 and B 5), constituting a housing 81 of a basic heat exchanger according to the present invention. These two halves of the outer panel are produced using technologies commonly used in the industry (thermal blow molding of a polymer panel or drawing of metal foil). Each of these two half outer plates 8 0 — 8 2 tries to accommodate the longitudinal half of the active part 20 of the basic exchanger, and forms the two connecting branch lines 9 4 and 1 10 of the outer half of the housing 8 1. Partial view A 5 of plate 80 shows that a convex outer wall 8 4 includes a narrow continuous flat surface 8 5 surrounding -23-200539983 (21) and has a longitudinal protrusion 86 of the same width in the middle. The flat surface and the protrusion are individually suitable for creating a small gap (for example, 1 mm) provided relative to the overall limitation of the active portion 20, but except for the protrusion 4 1 which supports the active portion A 43 and beyond. At the end of the semi-outer plate 80, a shape 88 (shown as C 1 in FIG. 1) of the embossed frustum portion 40 is displayed, and its function is to connect two pairs of the outer convex longitudinal heat sink 13 (A 2 in FIG. 2). Linear components. In the center of the shape 88, there is a circular opening 90, and the periphery 92 is a shoulder 29 of the connecting branch line 28 to be applied and welded to the acting portion 20. At the end of the half-outer plate 80, the terminal-most part of the half-branch line 90 connected to the shell 81 of the active portion 10 can be seen. The larger the number of paired longitudinal fins 22 is, the higher the sides 9 6 a-b of the half outer plate 80 are. One edge 9 8 a-b rings the outer edge of the half outer plate 80 (side 9 6 a-b and half branch line 9.4). These edges are also shown in A2 of FIG. 2. Partial view B 5 of the semi-outer plate 8 2 shows a convex outer wall 100, which includes a narrow continuous surface 102 surrounding it, and has a longitudinal cavity 104 of the same width in the middle. Both this continuous flat surface and this cavity are individually suitable for creating a small gap similar to that previously described. At the end of the semi-outer plate 8 2, a shape of a hollow frustum part 4 2 outwards is shown. Its function is to connect two linear elements (section a 2) that form a pair of external longitudinal convex fins 15. . A disk 108 is displayed in the center of the shape type 106, and is placed with respect to the opening 90 of the half-outer plate 80. At the end of the half-outer plate 8 2, a connection half branch line 1 I 0 of the case 8 1 is arranged. The sides 1 1 2 a-b of the half-outer panel 8 2 all have the same height as the sides 9 6 a-b of the half-outer panel 8 0. Two edges 丨〗 4 a — b surrounds the outer edge of the semi-outer 8 2. These edges 1 1 4 a — b will be welded to the edge of the semi-outer panel 8 〇 9 8 a — -24- 200539983 (22) b 〇 Figure 6 represents an enlarged view of two objects, (I) an actual basic heat exchange Front view of the longitudinal half of the embossed wall of the hollow elongated plate 22, and (2) a similar front view of the embossed side of the groove 62 of an actual mold half, which can be used to produce this exchanger Preform. . In both cases, the embossed wall of the preform or the half-mold groove used for its production includes cavities 120 and protrusions 122 that alternate in sequence, and has a top shape with four sections, two The shape is trapezoidal 1 24 — 1 26, the second is the shape of an isosceles triangle 1 2 8 — 1 3 0. The depth of each cavity 120 and the height of the protrusion 122 are, for example, 2. 5mm, the symbols b and c are given to refer to the four-section surface, and the convex portions and holes shown by the shadows are individually identified. The aforementioned cross-section half-plane AA 'or BB' intersects at its midpoint, that is, the outer hollow ladders 124c and 126c, or the convex ladders 124b and 126b. The reference numbers of the joint lines of the ladders 124 and 126 are 121 and 123, depending on whether these ladders are hollow or convex. It must be noted that the two embossed sides 3 3-3 5 of each actual preform, or the sides 68 a-b 'of the grooves 62 of an actual mold half include convex portions facing an alternating sequence and convex portions of an alternating sequence. With empty. Dotted lines 1 2 9 are used to distinguish the coplanar planes 1 2 8 b and 1 3 0 c or 1 3 0 b and 1 2 8 c that individually belong to a protrusion or a cavity. Each dotted line is a large diagonal , Line or rhombus. The aforementioned cutting plane CC follows these lines 129. The narrow short 1 3 2, 1 3 4 series are located in the middle of the sequential connection of the hole and the convex 1 2 0-1 2 2 at the two ends of the end are all flat areas, (0 in the case of the exchanger connected to the hollow plate 22 The central part is connected to its end connectors 24 to 26, or (2) to connect the half mold 62 ', and its ends are part of the frustum 67a-b and 69a-b. Edges in Figure 6] 36 and] 3 8 are both the tip line 36 or the bottom line 38 of the preform 32. -25- 200539983 (23) Figure 7 is along the central part of two continuous hollow plates with embossed walls 1 40 and 14 2 An enlarged view of the longitudinal section of the center line 1 2 1 — 1 2 3, the two plates 14 0 '1 4 2 are separated by a space 1 4 4. Along this central longitudinal section, the pressure in FIG. 6 is described. The pattern itself shows that after the controlled compression of the preform, in the production of the hollow plate 1 40-1 4 2, through a series of protrusions such as 丨 5 〇a or 丨 5 2 b and 152a or 150b The walls 146a — b and 148a — b formed by the cavity are all connected by nodes such as 15 4 a — b at about 30. They are connected together. The gap between 15 0 a and 15 0 b is approximately 5 mm. With embossed wall The thickness of the empty plate 1 4 0 —1 4 2 is substantially constant, such as 2 mm. The width of the curved space 1 4 4 is substantially constant and the same amount as the internal thickness of the plate. In these conditions The effect of embossing is to give the moment of inertia of the wall with respect to the middle plane to have a moment, the moment coefficient is more than half the same moment of inertia of a plane wall thick. The rigidity of the central part of the wall is increased by the same proportion However, the tip and bottom of the preform's bellows are kept very small, allowing these tips and bottom to act as flexible links. During the controlled compression of the preform, a very small radius of curvature is used, while the sides remain integral. The ground is flat. Due to these configurations, the heat exchanger according to the present invention appears to have all the advantages of production and use characteristics. With regard to production, it must be noted that, first of all, the relevant mold requires the usual production process, and these processes are Technologies often used in industry. The same applies to automatic equipment such as extruders, compressors and travelling systems, which can be used to produce all from polymers or glass It is found in the factory of the container of these shapes that these containers are used to contain the most diverse fluids. The same is true of equipment operating at very high water pressures, which are used to hydraulically form metal parts. -26- 200539983 ( 24) Starting from the stacking form of the overall double convex bellows which is the same as the accordion, this preform 32 is converted into a function part 20 according to the base of the present invention, and it needs to be a novel function itself. This goal Special machine tools are used to perform this operation. Orientate the preform windbox or quickly change the preform windbox toward the overall symmetrical semi-convex surface oriented in the second direction and become and maintain the concave surface). In both cases, the stacking axis of the bellows is performed by applying a compressive force to the bellows. Produced by a controlled decompression and / or a piston that is applied inside the preform 32, the piston moves at a controlled rate and is combined with a fixed support. This piston and the seat will have the longitudinal dimension of the heat sink of the moving part of the production. In the case of contraction, it must be noted that the resulting external use is all used in the direction that is most easily moved, which is the windbox of the preform. It must be noted that the equal stable protrusions of the preform in the second stable state have taken the form of inclined concave walls. In this way, the hollow longitudinal fins can be adopted by applying sufficient pressure to the finished working part. One state, but the latter achieves or maintains minimum flexibility, and has accepted the same as symmetrical compression. Of course, in order for all these preforms to be carried into the bottom of a special machine, such as compression or conversion, that can and can be performed correctly, they must be sufficiently flexible and resilient. The break point is quite high, and it is related to the central part of the bellows and the preform fan heat exchanger and is suitable for weighing the first half of the bellows (which is A force is caused by a stacking axis with a convex shape and a concave shape that is the same as the final decompression to generate pressure in the direction of the stacking axis. Half of the bellows and the simple inner wall of the model can not be used for half bellows. The tip is to make its end connected to -27- 200539983 (25) The side of the connector is transformed or symmetrically compressed, so there is no risk of cracking or bursting. It is transferred from the mold to the machine that compresses the preform. , It will contain quite significant dead time, this preform will cool down, and especially in the case of glass, it can be seen that the flexibility is reduced below the minimum resulting from good conversion or good compression. In this case The machine must include a mechanism for reheating the preforms upstream to allow the flexibility required for recovery, so that the associated half bellows can be reversed without causing damage. It must be noted that the basic heat exchanger according to the invention Overall pair The hollow connectors (already mentioned above) at the ends of the central part of the hollow plate are all frustum parts. Of course, this type of surface is not the only usable surface. In fact, any reversible surface (for example, with The square base and the pyramid of the spikes can be reversed relative to the inverted plane of the base containing it), constituting a double convex connector at the end of the central part of the wind box of the preform according to the present invention. It must be noted that the embossing of the side of the box is not the only embodiment with a four-section top, and it is also possible to have convex portions and hollows (essentially circular bottoms) in the shape of domes and concave bowls. In the production and installation of the shell of the basic heat exchanger, it must be noted that these operations also require technologies often used in the industry. As for the semi-outer plates, they are tightly fixed to each other and the connecting branch lines that are tightly fixed to the active part. The tight joints and edges that mate with each other and maintain the mating condition. Regarding the orientations of the opposite directions of the connection opposing lines of the active part, obviously, these different orientations allow The better circulation of the body inside and inside the external parts, but the same, will not cause serious damage. -28-200539983 (26) As mentioned before, 'the basic heat exchanger according to the present invention, whether or not it is compacted as before Surrounded by the shell, it has all the features required by this type of device, and it meets all the relevant special specifications. Of course, it is not limited by the foregoing embodiments. [Brief description of the drawings] The following non-limiting examples The features and advantages of the present invention can be understood by providing the description of the embodiment shown in the following diagrams. Among them: Figure 1 in A 1 on the right side is the following Figures 2 and 3 along the basic heat exchanger according to the present invention. The longitudinal section of the middle plane 17 is, in the center, a simplified longitudinal section B 1 of the preform of this exchanger, and on the left, it is the actual front view C 1 of this preform or this exchanger ( Simplified display of embossing has been eliminated in A 1 and B 1); Figure 2 is an actual cross section A2, B2 and C2 of the two basic heat exchangers according to the present invention, which travel along the exchanger shown in C1 Embossed one middle and one convex The cross-section axis CC ′ of the midline between the points is made; FIG. 3 is an actual staggered transverse half-section A3, B3 and C3 of the two basic heat exchangers according to the present invention, made along the staggered cross-section axis AA ′ and BBf It individually crosses a hollow and a embossment embossed on the wall of the exchanger in C 1; Figure 4 is a half-mold forming a preform for the production of an active part of a basic heat exchanger according to the invention Simplified perspective view of the base of the base; Figure 5 is a simplified perspective view of each half of the outer shell of the basic heat exchanger according to the present invention 29-29-200539983 (27) Half of the half of the outer plate; Figure 6 is a one-piece heat exchange Front view of the embossed wall of the hollow plate of the appliance or the embossed side of the associated die; and Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of two continuous hollow plates with the embossed wall of the exchanger. [Description of main component symbols] 10 Compression part 10a Compression part 1 Ob Compression part 11a Half-outer board lib Half-outer board 12a Radiator 12b Radiator 13 Central wall 14 Internal cavity 15 Central wall 16 Common channel 17 Flat surface 18 Gap 20 Function Section 22 Extended heat sink 23 Central section 24 Half cone
-30- 200539983 (28) 25 軸 26 半錐台 27 軸 28 連結支線 29 固定凸肩 3 0 連結支線 3 1 固定凸肩 32 簡化預型件 33a 側面 33b 側面 34 風箱 3 5a 側面 3 5b 側面 3 6a 相對尖梢 3 6b 相對尖梢 3 7a 側面 3 7b 側面 3 8a 底部 3 8b 底部 39a 側面 3 9b 側面 40 末端連接器 4 1 突起 42 未_連接益1-30- 200539983 (28) 25 shaft 26 half cone 27 shaft 28 connecting branch line 29 fixed shoulder 3 0 connecting branch line 3 1 fixed shoulder 32 simplified preform 33a side 33b side 34 bellows 3 5a side 3 5b side 3 6a Opposite tip 3 6b Opposite tip 3 7a Side 3 7b Side 3 8a Bottom 3 8b Bottom 39a Side 3 9b Side 40 End connector 4 1 Protrusion 42 Not_Connected 1
-31 - 200539983 (29) 43 突起 44 主要進給管線 46 主要進給管線 50 模 52 顎夾 54 底座 5 6 上部面 62 槽 6 4 中央部份 65a 四分之一圓筒 65b 四分之一圓筒 66 底部 67a 錐台 67b 錐台 68a 側面 68b 側面 69a 錐台 69b 錐台 70 尖梢 72 圓筒表面 7 4 圓筒表面 76 半空穴 77 半凸肩 78 半空穴-31-200539983 (29) 43 protrusion 44 main feed line 46 main feed line 50 die 52 jaw clamp 54 base 5 6 upper surface 62 slot 6 4 central portion 65a quarter cylinder 65b quarter circle Tube 66 Bottom 67a Cone 67b Cone 68a Side 68b Side 69a Cone 69b Cone 70 Tip 72 Cylinder surface 7 4 Cylinder surface 76 Half cavity 77 Half shoulder 78 Half cavity
-32- 200539983 (30) 79 半凸肩 80 半外板 8 1 外殼 82 半外板 84 外部壁 85 平坦表面 86 縱向突起 88 形狀型 90 開口 92 周圍 94 半支線 96a 側面 96b 側面 98a 邊緣 98b 邊緣 100 外部壁 102 平坦表面 104 縱向空洞 106 形狀型 1 08 圓盤 i I 0 連接支線 112a 側面 112b 側面 114a 邊緣-32- 200539983 (30) 79 Half shoulder 80 Half outer plate 8 1 Housing 82 Half outer plate 84 External wall 85 Flat surface 86 Longitudinal protrusion 88 Shape 90 Opening 92 Around 94 Half branch line 96a Side 96b Side 98a Edge 98b Edge 100 Outer wall 102 flat surface 104 longitudinal cavity 106 shape 1 08 disc i I 0 connecting branch line 112a side 112b side 114a edge
-33- 200539983 (31) 114b 邊 緣 120 空 洞 12 1 接 合 線 122 凸 處 1 23 接 合 線 124 梯 型 124b 凸 出 梯 型 124c 向 外 中 空 梯 型 126 梯 型 126b 凸 出 梯 型 126c 向 外 中 空 梯 型 128 二 角 128b 共 平 面 節 面 128c 共 平 面 節 面 129 虛 線 13 0 二 角 1 3 0b 共 平 面 節 面 13 0c 共 平 面 節 面 132 矩 型 134 矩 型 136 邊 緣 138 邊 緣 140 中 空 板 142 中 空 板 -34- 200539983 (32) 1 44 空間 146a 壁 146b 壁 148a 壁 148b 壁 150a 凸處 1 50b 空洞 152a 空洞 152b 凸處 154a 節面 1 54b 節面 AAf 半平面 BB! 半平面 CCf 切割平面 36 尖梢線 3 8 底部線-33- 200539983 (31) 114b edge 120 cavity 12 1 bonding line 122 projection 1 23 bonding line 124 step 124b protruding step 124c outward hollow step 126 step 126b protruding step 126c outward hollow step 128 two corners 128b coplanar joint plane 128c coplanar joint plane 129 dashed line 13 0 two corners 1 3 0b coplanar joint plane 13 0c coplanar joint plane 132 rectangle 134 rectangle 136 edge 138 edge 140 hollow plate 142 hollow plate -34 -200539983 (32) 1 44 Space 146a Wall 146b Wall 148a Wall 148b Wall 150a Convex 1 50b Hollow 152a Hollow 152b Convex 154a Nodal plane 1 54b Nodal plane AAf Half plane BB! Half plane CCf Cutting plane 36 Tip line 3 8 Bottom line
-35--35-
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW93116463A TW200539983A (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2004-06-08 | Heat exchanger and method and means of producing it |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW93116463A TW200539983A (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2004-06-08 | Heat exchanger and method and means of producing it |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TW200539983A true TW200539983A (en) | 2005-12-16 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| TW93116463A TW200539983A (en) | 2004-06-08 | 2004-06-08 | Heat exchanger and method and means of producing it |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| TW (1) | TW200539983A (en) |
-
2004
- 2004-06-08 TW TW93116463A patent/TW200539983A/en unknown
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