200535030 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明涉及一種電動車輛，尤其是一種四輪小型電動 車0 【先前技術】 目前，小型電動車由於容易駕駛，且比較環保，使用 曰益廣泛。在很多地區，老年人或殘疾人由於存在駕車、 行走或使用公共交通工具的障礙，所以會經常選擇使用電 動車。另外，電動車還可以廣泛使用在個人交通，工商業 場内交通以及運動場内如高爾夫球場内交通等。現有的該 種小型電動車的結構通常是將電池安裝在乘坐者座位的下 面。由於該種電動車爲後輪驅動，其馬達和驅動裝置通常 也是安裝在乘坐者的下面，這就使車的後部重量較大。在 某些條件下，特別是上山或爬坡時，這種小型電動車可能 向後傾斜翻倒，乘坐者容易受傷。爲防止這一點，有些電 動車就得在其後部安裝反傾斜輪子，這又造成製造成本的 增加以及結構複雜化。 再者，由於重量分配嚴重失衡，車把較輕，轉向時不 易掌握平衡，所以現有電動車的轉向性能和駕駛特性也較 差。如果使用了懸吊裝置，由於前部重量輕，彈簧作用力 小，懸吊裝置的減震作用也非常不明顯。 曾經有人將電池設置於轉向軸上，以增加前部的重 量，達到前後重量均衡，但是由於轉向軸的負載增加，造 200535030 成轉向困難，而且車的重心升高，安全性降低，所以 不好。 【發明内容】 本發明的目的是提供一種電池放置在前面的電動 從而達到重量分配均衡，提高駕駛的安全性以及駕 能。 本發明的另一目的是提供一種減震性能良好的 車，提高駕駛的舒適性。 本發明的第三個目的是提供一種轉向性能良好的 車，提高轉向的操控性，靈活度和平滑度。 由於電動車受到儲藏空間和運輸空間的限制，在 池放在前面時就要求既不增加車的長度和重量，同時 避免佔據到駕駛者放置腳的空間，所以必須同時改進 和前輪懸吊裝置的結構。本發明的概念是將車架前端 成爲具有一向前凸伸的框體，用於放置電池，而懸吊 設計成爲前凸後凹的形狀，罩於車架的框體上，這樣 增加電動車的長度，也沒有增加額外的部件，又充分 了前部的空間，將電池移到了前面。 本發明的電動車包括：包括車架、車座、兩個前車 兩個後車輪 '驅動裝置、電池、轉向系統和前輪懸吊裝 其中車架中後部、車座、後輪、驅動裝置與常規結構無 在此不再詳述。 本發明的改進是：所述車架前端中間位置向前凸 效果 車， 駛性 電動 電動 將電 又要 車架 設計 裝置 既不 利用 輪、 置， 異， 伸一 4 200535030 框體， 所i 並槐接 懸吊裝 所」 所： 部，該 所： 臂、避 向爲軸 至車架 前懸臂 接；左 前輪； 車架相 所i 轉向轴 軸連動 爲 兩對後 底邊，： 後端部 所3 裝座上 電池放置在該框體上； I前輪懸吊裝置呈前凸後凹形，罩於該框體前端， 於該框體前端的中間位置，兩個前車輪安裝於前輪 置上，兩個前輪的後緣線位於電池前緣的後面； £轉向系統連接於車架前端，並與前輪連動。 也框體刖端的中間位置設有兩個凸伸的上下連接 連接部上設有相反設置的上下兩對樞接部； 也前輪懸吊裝置包括一對前上懸臂、一對前下懸 震器，所述各前上、下懸臂的前端以電動車長度方 線分別與兩對樞接部樞接，懸臂後端向側後方延伸 框體側方，形成上下兩個近似梯形的形狀，兩個左 和兩個右前懸臂在該後端分別以左、右球頭銷連 右球頭銷上分別设有左右輪軸，用於固定左、右 兩個避震器設置在靠近懸臂後端的位置，其上端與 連接’下端與下懸臂相連接； t轉向系統包括左右橫拉桿，轉向轴和轉向把手， 可轉動地設置於車架前端，並通過橫拉桿與所述輪 〇 Γ增加懸吊裝置的牢固度，懸吊裝置上再增設上下 懸臂，其基本平行於車架前緣，形成爲所述梯形的 ^一端樞接於所述連接部上，另一端固定於前懸臂的 附近。 私上下連接部上分別設有上下轉向軸安裝座，該安 安裝有球軸承，用於轉向軸的自由轉動。 5 200535030 斤述轉向軸在上下女裝座之間設有一向前突出部，用 於橫拉桿的轉動連接。 所述横拉桿是球頭連桿。 所述上下連接部前端以工字鋼固定支樓。 所述框體設有向了凹的腔體，用於放置電池。 結構，在 前面，實 在中部位 裝反傾斜 更加降低 懸吊裝置 ，增加駕 後輪的摩 力增大， 多電池， 更大。 本發明採用上述改進的前車架和懸吊裝置的 不增加電動車長度的部件的前 ⑴叔下將電池移到了 現了前後重量分配均均衡，使 文電動車的重心保持 置，增加了行駛的穩定性，特 苛別疋在爬坡時不安 輪也不會向後傾斜。而且電池 旧女裝位置較低， 的車的重心，使行駛更爲安全。 再者’增加了電動車前部的重量以後，前輪 承受的力增大’這樣能夠充分發揮其減震的作用 敬的舒適性。而且，前部的重量增加以後，使前 擦力也得到了平衡，尤其在轉向時，前輪的摩捧 從而提高了電動車的動力轉向性能 最後，本發明提供了足夠的空間更 增加了電動車的電力儲備’使電動車的行駛距離 【實施方式】 下面結合附圖對本發明的具體實施例進行詳細描述。 如第1 δ所示’是—個四輪小型單人電動車，包括車 架卜車座2、兩個前車輪3、兩個後車輪4、驅動裝置5、 電池、轉向系、統6和前輪懸吊裝置7，車的中後部在本發 6 200535030 明中沒有改進，在此不再描述。 同時參見第2圖，車架1前部爲基本平面形狀的框 結構，其中間位置向前凸伸一框體1 1，框體1 1兩側凹 的位置用於安裝前輪，這樣電動車前部的寬度沒有增加 框體 11的尺寸設置成爲適於放置與電動車相匹配的 池，儘量突出於車架本體外，也可以根據電池的尺寸略 進車架内，框體可以與車架在一個平面内，也可以製成 個下凹的電池槽1 3，以降低電動車的重心，也使電池突 於車架的高度減小。當駕駛者身高較高時，電池兩邊的 置也可以供駕駛者放腳。 爲了增加框體1 1前端的強度，可以在前端設置兩根 梁，如果材料的強度足夠，也可以採用一根橫梁。在橫 中間位置設有上下兩個連接部 1 2，用於連接懸臂和轉 軸。該兩個連接部12自框體1 1向前突伸，在前端以工 鋼14相互固定連接，上下連接部12上各設有相反設置 前後兩為_ 樞接告 P 121，122，123，124，121’，122’，123’ 1 24 ’，用於樞接懸臂。上下連接部1 2上還各設有一個轉 軸安裝座64和65，並安裝有轉向軸承，便於轉向軸63 自由平穩轉動。 如第3圖所示，前輪懸吊裝置7包括一對前上懸臂7 1 72，一對前下懸臂73，74，左右各一個避震器79，上、 懸臂71，72，73，74的前端以電動車長度方向爲軸線分 與樞接部121，122，123，124樞接，懸臂後端向側後方 伸至車架框體側方，左前懸臂71，73和右前懸臂72， 架 進 〇 電 縮 出 位 橫 梁 向 字 的 9 向 的 下 別 延 7 74 200535030 在該後端分別以左、右球頭銷7 5，7 6連接；左、右球頭銷 75，76上分別設有左右輪軸77，78，用於固定左、右前輪 3;避震器79設置在靠近懸臂後端的位置，其一端與框體 11的一橫梁Π 1相連接，另一端與下懸臂靠近後端位置相 連接’連接方式是避震器的常規連接方式。 爲了增加懸吊裝置的牢固度，還設有基本平行於框體 U前緣的一對後上懸臂71，，72,和一對後下懸臂73，，74,， 該後懸臂一端分別樞接在樞接部1 2 1，，1 22，，1 23，，1 24，， 另一端固定於前懸臂71，72, 73，74的後端部附近。這樣， 前後懸臂形成了上下兩個基本呈三角形或梯形的結構，罩 於框體11前端，該三角形或梯形的斜邊角度可以根據電動 車的尺寸確定，較佳尺寸是40度〜50度角，採用此種結 構可以在不增加電動車長度的條件下爲電池準備了充足的 空間。固定於輪軸7 7和7 8上的前輪3正好位於框體1 1 側面的凹進位置，所以前部的寬度也沒有增加，而且兩個 前輪3的後緣線位於電池前緣的後面。 電池放在框體1 1上，當電動車行駛時，路面的顛簸通 過前輪傳遞到輪軸上，再通過球頭銷傳遞到懸臂上，懸臂 上連接的避震器79減震後，由於電動車前部的重量增加， 傳遞到車架上的作用力不會造成前車架很大的震動，這 樣，懸吊裝置的減震效果也提高了。 如第4圖所示’轉向系統6包括左右橫拉桿6 1，62， 轉向軸63和轉向把手66，橫拉捍61，62是球頭連桿，一 ^刀別可轉動地連接在球頭銷75，76上，另一端可轉動地 8 200535030 連接在轉向轴63上，轉向軸6 之間設有一向前突山 衣歷64和安裝座65 大出部631，左右橫拉桿61釦α + 出部同軸連接，這# 和62在此突 k樣，當轉向軸轉動時5橫技 π 銷轉動，從而實現鉍± 撗拉才于▼動球頭 轉向系統有球轴承的支擔，•向較爲平滑，通2。’種 動前輪轉動，結構M_ 、過杈拉桿帶 斜邊，使… 且懸吊裝置的梯形 邊使刖輪的可轉動範圍更大。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖爲本發明的電動車一種實施例的結構示意圖； 第2圖爲本發明的電動車一種實施例的車架前部的於 構示意圖； 第3圖爲本發明的電動車一種實施例的車架前部與懸 吊裝置和部分轉向系統的結構示意圖； 第4圖爲第3圖從下向上看的結構示意圖。 【元件抑主 ， 表符號簡單說明】 1 車架 2 車座 3 前車輪 4 後車輪 5 驅動歎置 6 轉向系統 7 刖輪懸吊裝置 11 框趲 12 連接部 13 電池槽 14 工字鋼 镘板轉 €2 横拉桿 200535030 63 轉向轴 64 安裝座 65 安裝座 66 轉向把手 71 前懸臂 71 9 後懸臂 72 前懸臂 729 後懸臂 73 前懸臂 73? 後懸臂 74 前懸臂 749 後懸臂 75 球頭銷 76 球頭銷 77 輪軸 78 輪軸 79 避震器 111 橫梁 121 框接部 12Γ 樞接部 122 柩接部 1229 框接部 123 柩接部 1235 框接部 124 框接部 1249 框接部 631 突出部 10200535030 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to an electric vehicle, especially a four-wheeled small electric vehicle. [Previous technology] At present, small electric vehicles are widely used because they are easy to drive and environmentally friendly. . In many areas, elderly or disabled people often choose to use electric cars because of barriers to driving, walking, or using public transportation. In addition, electric vehicles can also be widely used in personal transportation, industrial and commercial field traffic, and sports fields such as golf course traffic. The existing structure of such a small electric vehicle usually has a battery installed under the passenger seat. Since this type of electric vehicle is driven by rear wheels, its motor and driving device are usually installed under the occupant, which makes the rear of the vehicle heavier. Under certain conditions, especially when going up a mountain or climbing a hill, this small electric vehicle may tilt backwards and tip over, and the passengers are easily injured. To prevent this, some electric vehicles have to install anti-tilt wheels at the rear, which in turn increases the manufacturing cost and complicates the structure. Furthermore, due to the severe imbalance in weight distribution, lighter handlebars, and difficulty in grasping balance when steering, the steering performance and driving characteristics of existing electric vehicles are also poor. If a suspension device is used, the suspension's damping effect is also very insignificant due to the light weight of the front and the small spring force. Someone once set the battery on the steering shaft to increase the front weight and achieve a balanced front-to-rear weight. However, due to the increased load on the steering shaft, it is difficult to turn 200535030, and the center of gravity of the car is raised, and the safety is reduced, so it is not good . SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide an electric motor with a battery placed in front so as to achieve a balanced weight distribution, improve driving safety and driving performance. Another object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle with good shock absorption performance and improve driving comfort. A third object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle with good steering performance, which improves steering maneuverability, flexibility and smoothness. Because electric vehicles are limited by storage space and transportation space, when the pool is placed in front, it is required not to increase the length and weight of the car, and to avoid occupying the space for the driver to place his feet. Therefore, the front suspension must be improved at the same time. structure. The concept of the present invention is to make the front end of the frame into a frame with a forward protrusion for placing the battery, and the suspension is designed to be a forward convex and concave shape and cover the frame of the frame, so as to increase the electric vehicle's The length, without adding additional components, has sufficient space in the front, moving the battery to the front. The electric vehicle of the present invention includes: a frame, a seat, two front wheels and two rear wheels' driving device, a battery, a steering system, and a front wheel suspension. The rear part of the frame, the seat, the rear wheel, the driving device and the conventional structure are not It will not be described in detail here. The improvement of the present invention is: the forward position of the front frame of the frame is a convex convex effect vehicle, and the driving electric motor and the frame design device do not use wheels, placements, and differences, and the extension is a 200535030 frame. Suspension and suspension installations ": Department, the office: Arms and avoidance are connected to the front of the frame by the cantilever; left front wheel; frame phase i The steering shaft axis is linked with two pairs of rear bottom edges: The battery on the mount is placed on the frame; I The front wheel suspension device is convex forward and concave, and is covered at the front end of the frame. At the middle position of the front end of the frame, two front wheels are installed on the front wheel. The trailing edge line of each front wheel is behind the leading edge of the battery; the steering system is connected to the front of the frame and is linked with the front wheels. There are also two protruding upper and lower connecting joints at the middle position of the end of the frame, and two pairs of upper and lower pivot joints opposite to each other; and the front wheel suspension device includes a pair of front upper suspension arms and a pair of front lower suspensions. The front ends of the front upper and lower cantilevers are respectively pivotally connected to two pairs of pivot joints by a square line of the length of the electric vehicle. The rear end of the cantilever extends laterally to the side of the frame to form two upper and lower trapezoidal shapes. The left and two right front cantilevers are respectively provided with left and right wheel pins on the rear end with left and right ball studs and right ball studs respectively, which are used to fix the left and right shock absorbers arranged near the rear end of the cantilever. The upper end is connected to the lower end and the lower cantilever is connected; the t steering system includes left and right cross rods, a steering shaft and a steering handle, which are rotatably disposed at the front end of the frame, and increase the firmness of the suspension device through the cross rods and the wheels. In addition, an upper and lower cantilever is added to the suspension device, which is substantially parallel to the front edge of the frame, and is formed such that one end of the trapezoid is pivotally connected to the connecting portion, and the other end is fixed near the front cantilever. The upper and lower connecting parts of the private are respectively provided with upper and lower steering shaft mounts, which are equipped with ball bearings for the free rotation of the steering shaft. 5 200535030 The steering shaft is provided with a forward protrusion between the upper and lower women's seats for the rotary connection of the cross tie rod. The tie rod is a ball joint. The front ends of the upper and lower connecting portions are fixed by I-beams. The frame is provided with a concave cavity for placing a battery. The structure, in the front, is equipped with anti-tilt in the middle part to further reduce the suspension device, increase the friction of driving the rear wheels, increase the battery, and make it bigger. The present invention adopts the improved front frame and suspension device of the above-mentioned uncle, which does not increase the length of the electric vehicle. The battery is moved to the present, and the weight distribution is balanced before and after, so that the center of gravity of the electric vehicle is maintained and driving is increased. The stability of the machine is extremely harsh, and the restless wheel will not tilt backward when climbing. And the battery is lower, the center of gravity of the car makes driving safer. In addition, after increasing the weight of the front part of the electric vehicle, the force on the front wheels is increased, so that it can fully exert its shock-absorbing effect and respectable comfort. In addition, after the weight of the front part is increased, the front friction force is also balanced. Especially when steering, the front wheels are rubbed to improve the power steering performance of the electric vehicle. Finally, the present invention provides sufficient space to increase the electric vehicle ’s performance. Power reserve 'enables the travel distance of electric vehicles. [Embodiment] The following describes a specific embodiment of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. As shown in the first δ 'is a four-wheeled small single electric vehicle, including a frame, a seat, two front wheels, two rear wheels, a drive device, a battery, a steering system, a system 6 and a front wheel. The suspension device 7, the middle and rear part of the car is not improved in the present invention 2005200535030, and will not be described here. At the same time, referring to FIG. 2, the front part of the frame 1 is a frame structure with a substantially flat shape. A middle part of the frame body 1 protrudes forward. The recessed positions on both sides of the frame body 1 1 are used to install the front wheels. The width of the frame body 11 has not been increased. It is set to be suitable for placing a pool that matches the electric vehicle, as far as possible to protrude from the body of the frame. It can also be slightly inserted into the frame according to the size of the battery. The frame can be placed in the frame with the frame. In the plane, a concave battery slot 13 can also be made to reduce the center of gravity of the electric vehicle and also reduce the height of the battery protruding from the frame. When the driver's height is high, the two sides of the battery can also be placed by the driver. In order to increase the strength of the front end of the frame body 11, two beams may be provided at the front end. If the strength of the material is sufficient, one beam may also be used. In the horizontal center position, there are two upper and lower connecting parts 1 and 2 for connecting the cantilever and the shaft. The two connecting portions 12 protrude forward from the frame body 11 and are fixedly connected to each other by industrial steel 14 at the front end. Each of the upper and lower connecting portions 12 is provided with oppositely arranged front and rear sides. _ Pivot notice P 121, 122, 123, 124, 121 ', 122', 123 '1 24' for pivoting the cantilever. Each of the upper and lower connecting portions 12 is also provided with a rotation shaft mounting seat 64 and 65, and a steering bearing is installed, so that the steering shaft 63 can rotate freely and smoothly. As shown in FIG. 3, the front wheel suspension device 7 includes a pair of front upper suspension arms 7 1 72, a pair of front lower suspension arms 73, 74, one shock absorber 79 on each side, and upper and lower suspension arms 71, 72, 73, 74. The front end is pivoted to the pivot joints 121, 122, 123, 124 with the length of the electric vehicle as the axis. The rear end of the cantilever extends laterally to the side of the frame frame. The left front cantilever 71, 73 and right front cantilever 72 are mounted. 〇Electrical retracted crossbeam 9-way downward extension 7 74 200535030 At the rear end, left and right ball stud pins 7 5, 7 6 are connected respectively; left and right ball stud pins 75 and 76 are provided respectively The left and right wheel axles 77 and 78 are used to fix the left and right front wheels 3; the shock absorber 79 is provided near the rear end of the cantilever, one end of which is connected to a beam Π 1 of the frame body 11 and the other end is near the rear end of the lower cantilever. The phase connection 'connection method is a conventional connection method of the shock absorber. In order to increase the rigidity of the suspension device, a pair of rear upper cantilever 71, 72, and a pair of rear lower cantilever 73, 74, which are substantially parallel to the front edge of the frame U are also provided, and one end of the rear cantilever is pivoted respectively. The other ends of the pivot joints 1 2 1, 1, 1 22, 1 23, 1 24, are fixed near the rear ends of the front cantilever 71, 72, 73, 74. In this way, the front and rear cantilevers form two upper and lower structures that are basically triangular or trapezoidal, and are covered at the front end of the frame body 11. The angle of the hypotenuse of the triangle or trapezoid can be determined according to the size of the electric vehicle, and the preferred size is an angle of 40 degrees to 50 degrees With this structure, sufficient space can be prepared for the battery without increasing the length of the electric vehicle. The front wheels 3 fixed to the axles 7 7 and 7 8 are located in the recessed positions on the side of the frame 1 1, so the width of the front portion has not increased, and the trailing edge lines of the two front wheels 3 are located behind the front edge of the battery. The battery is placed on the frame 11. When the electric vehicle is running, the bumps on the road are transmitted to the axle through the front wheel, and then to the cantilever through the ball pin. After the shock absorber 79 connected to the cantilever absorbs the shock, The weight of the front part is increased, and the force transmitted to the frame will not cause the front frame to vibrate greatly. In this way, the damping effect of the suspension device is also improved. As shown in Figure 4, the 'steering system 6 includes left and right tie rods 6 1, 62, a steering shaft 63 and a steering handle 66. The lateral pulls 61, 62 are ball joints, which are rotatably connected to the ball head. On the pins 75 and 76, the other end is rotatably connected. 8 200535030 is connected to the steering shaft 63. Between the steering shaft 6, there is a forward protruding clothing calendar 64 and a mounting base 65 large part 631. The left and right cross rods 61 buckle α + The output is coaxially connected. This # and 62 are in the same shape. When the steering shaft rotates, the 5 cross pin rotates, so that the bismuth ± 撗 pull is achieved. The moving ball head steering system has a ball bearing support. More smooth, pass 2. ‘Move the front wheel to rotate, the structure M_, the cross-bar lever with a beveled edge, so that… and the trapezoidal edge of the suspension device makes the swivel wheel more rotatable. [Brief description of the drawings] FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of an electric vehicle according to the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a front portion of a frame of an embodiment of an electric vehicle according to the present invention; The structural schematic diagram of the front part of the electric vehicle, the suspension device, and the partial steering system of an embodiment of the electric vehicle; FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of FIG. 3 viewed from the bottom up. [Elements are restrained, and table symbols are simply explained] 1 Frame 2 Seat 3 Front wheels 4 Rear wheels 5 Drive sigh 6 Steering system 7 Wheel suspension 11 Frame 趱 12 Connection 13 Battery slot 14 I-shaped steel reed € 2 Tie rod 200535030 63 Steering shaft 64 Mount 65 Mount 66 Steering handle 71 Front boom 71 9 Rear boom 72 Front boom 729 Rear boom 73 Front boom 73? Rear boom 74 Front boom 749 Rear boom 75 Ball pin 76 Ball head Pin 77 Axle 78 Axle 79 Shock absorber 111 Beam 121 Frame joint 12Γ Pivot joint 122 Snap joint 1229 Frame joint 123 Snap joint 1235 Frame joint 124 Frame joint 1249 Frame joint 631 Projection 10