200534983 九、發明說明：200534983 IX. Description of the invention:
L發明所屬^技術領域]I 發明領域 . 本發明係有關於一種裝飾印鐘之製造方法。 發明背景 一般而言，印鑑係由木材或動物的牙、角等材料所製 ^ 成，但近年來，亦有由合成樹脂製造之印鑑。合成樹脂製 成的印鑑通常係經由於筒狀的模型填充液狀的環氧樹脂等 10合成樹脂原料的成形處理而形成印鑑基材後，於該印鑑基 材之其中一端雕刻印字部分而製成，但也有於印鑑基材的 内部施以裝飾者。就於内部施加裝飾之印鐘的製造方法而 言，例如在專利文獻1中係揭示一種經由於透明筒體注入未 達滿量之合成樹脂之步驟、將有裝飾圖案之片狀體沿著業 15已注入合成樹脂之筒體的内周面插入筒體之步驟、及將合 • 賴脂注人業已插人附有裝飾圖案之片狀體之筒體直到: 量之步驟，藉此以製造裝飾印鑑。 / 【專利文獻1】 曰本專利公開公報特開2003-175662號公報 ， 20 【發明内容】 發明欲解決之問題 然而’專利文獻1所揭示之裝飾印鐘之製造方法必須分 成2階段以將合成樹脂填充到筒體内部，因此製造步驟报繁 雜。又，將平面之附有圖案之片狀體插入筒體内部時，必 200534983 須一面將該片狀體傾斜，一 位置，非常困難。 弓曲’然後配置到所期望的 供一=τ 了解決此等問題而作成者，其目的在於提 : 絲成所料飾_之裝飾印鑑之製造方 法：。 解決課題之手段 本發明之前述目的可葬ώ 之製造方法而溘士 9匕3有以下步驟之裝飾印鑑 10 15 有：將安f右!^本發明之製造裝飾印鑑之方法包含 ，、料飾物之裝飾保持體插 部之^==__填充合賴脂錢之魏之步驟。 且有==之製造方法中，前述筒體於其中-端部 部=:底板形―前述裝，保持體之前端 又，前述襞飾保持體宜於其中一 保持台具有當往前述筒體内部插人時，^ ^台，且該 滑接之外周面。 一 J迷琦體内周面 又，以前述裝飾保持體之端部上_體 物，且將前述裝飾保持體插入前述筒體前部裝飾 物由筒體突出者為佳。 ⑴攻外部裝飾 又’前述合成樹脂伽基甲酸⑽樹脂 甲酸乙醋樹脂的露出面形成印字面。 且於該氨基 發明效果 根據本發明，可提供—種可輕易形成 樣之裝飾印鑑之製造方法。 望的裝飾圖 20 200534983 t實施冷式】 較佳實施例之詳細說明 以下’參照添附圖式說明本發明之實施型態。第1圖係 顯示裝飾印鑑之製造方法之步驟圖。 首先，如第1(a)圖所示，將安裝有内部裝飾物15之裝飾 保持體20插入筒體10之内部。The invention belongs to the technical field of the present invention. The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a decorative clock. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Generally speaking, seals are made of materials such as wood or animal teeth, horns, etc. However, in recent years, seals made of synthetic resin have also been used. A seal made of synthetic resin is usually formed by forming a seal base material through a cylindrical mold filled with 10 synthetic resin raw materials such as liquid epoxy resin, and then engraving a printed portion on one end of the seal base material. , But there are also decorators inside the seal base. As for a method for manufacturing a decorative bell with an internal decoration, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of injecting a synthetic resin into a transparent cylinder to fill the sheet with a decorative pattern along the industry. 15 The steps of inserting the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder into which the synthetic resin has been injected, and inserting the cylinder of the sheet body with the decorative pattern into the lyophilized resin until: the step of measuring, thereby manufacturing Decorative seal. / [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2003-175662, 20 [Summary of the Invention] Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, the method of manufacturing a decorative bell disclosed in 'Patent Document 1' must be divided into two stages to synthesize The resin is filled into the inside of the cylinder, so the manufacturing steps are complicated. In addition, when inserting a flat sheet with a pattern into the inside of the cylinder, it must be difficult to position the sheet while tilting it.曲曲 ’is then configured to the desired supply. = Τ has been created to solve these problems, the purpose of which is to provide: The method of making the decorative seal of silk into the decoration :. Means for solving the problem The manufacturing method of the aforementioned object of the present invention can be buried, and the warrior 9 has the following steps of the decorative seal 10 15 Yes: The method of manufacturing the decorative seal of the present invention includes: The ^ == __ step of filling the body of the decorative retaining body. In the manufacturing method with ==, the aforementioned cylinder is in the-end portion =: bottom plate-the aforementioned device is mounted at the front end of the retaining body, and the embossed retaining body is preferably provided on one of the retaining tables with the inside of the aforementioned cylinder body. When inserting people, ^ ^ Taiwan, and the outer surface of the sliding contact.一 J 迷 琦 The inner peripheral surface of the body, and it is preferable that the body is attached to the end of the decorative holder, and the decorative holder is inserted into the front part of the cylindrical body. The decorative body protrudes from the cylindrical body. "Exterior Decoration" The aforementioned synthetic resin, GABA resin, exposed surface of ethyl formate resin forms a printing surface. In addition, according to the present invention, according to the present invention, a method for manufacturing a decorative seal which can be easily formed can be provided. The decorative picture of the hope 20 200534983 t implementation of the cold type] Detailed description of the preferred embodiment The following description of the embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 shows the steps of the manufacturing method of the decorative seal. First, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the decorative holder 20 to which the internal decoration 15 is mounted is inserted into the cylindrical body 10.
1515
20 筒體10係由透明的丙烯樹脂所形成之圓筒，並且於其 中一端部具有底板U。 ’、 裝飾保持體20具有實心圓柱狀之棒狀體21、及保持台 22。又，棒狀體21及保持台22係由丙烯樹脂所形成，且為 透月體。保持台22係圓盤狀，其直徑大小係形成與筒體 之内控大小大略相同。又，裝飾保持體2〇插入筒體1〇且载 置於底板11上時，端部的高度係形成為與筒體_高度大 略相同。 、内部裝飾物15係例如串珠、寶石、玻璃片、礦石 々、照片、記載有名字等文字或構圖等的板、封印、膜 、、氏等，並藉由接著解接著於裝飾簡㈣。 、、 體2〇ΪΓ如第糊所示，於附加有裝飾圖樣之料保持 _之_空間，填充如環氧樹脂、胺基甲酸乙 丙烯樹脂或聚乙稀樹脂等的合成樹脂25。尤1他 魏樹脂作為合成樹肋時，由於具有 體^ :成:;寸安定性高的特徵，因此成形之作業性優= :，25的填充步驟亦可使用真空脫泡機來進行： 軋泡殘留於筒體10的内部。又，A 了妲& 延仃从防止 又4了提向合成樹脂的耐氣 7 200534983 候性將防止紫外線的膜沿著筒體10之内周面插入後，亦可 填充合成樹脂25。 然後，藉由對業已填充之液狀合成樹脂25施行加熱處 • 體等，使該合成樹脂25硬化而生成印鑑基材30。加熱處理 ^ 5機構可使用如均熱爐或乾燥器等。 接著，如第1(c)圖所示，使用接著劑等將已施行名字等 文字或圖形等雕刻處理之印字部32安裝於印鑑基材30之端 φ 部31，如此則完成裝飾印鑑。 根據本實施型態之裝飾印鑑之製造方法，則不需如前 10 述專利文獻1所揭示之裝飾印鑑之製造方法，分成2階段將 合成樹脂25填充於筒體1〇内部，而可以一次的填充作業結 束合成樹脂25之填充，因此可解決裝飾印鑑製造步驟的繁 雜，且裝飾印鑑之製造容易化。 又’由於保持台22之外徑大小與内筒10之内徑大小大 15略相同，因此保持台22之外周面會與筒體10之内周面滑 • 接’又’裝飾保持體20載置於筒體10之底板11上後，裝飾 保持體20可對筒體1〇保持在一定的狀態。因此，可於印鐘 内部在所期望的位置輕易地形成所期望之裝飾圖樣。 以上，係就本發明之一實施形態作說明，但本發明之 20具體態樣並不限定於前述實施形態。 舉例而言，如第1(a)圖所示，前述實施形態係裝飾保持 體20具有保持台22，但亦可如第2圖所示，於筒體1〇之底板 11的上面中央設置凹部12並嵌入棒狀體21，以取代保持A 22。藉由如此的構成，安裝有内部裝飾物15之棒狀體21之 8 200534983 別端部可保持於凹部’因此可減少裝飾保持品20之構件 數，且裝飾印鐘的製造也容易。又，凹部u宜於底板此 中央开v成，但其形成位置沒有特別限定可為任意的 位置。 如第3圖所示，裝飾保持體2〇亦可使用如鐵絲等可 塑性變形之線材23，將内部裝飾物15安裝於該線材Μ且施 以裝飾後’加以整形為螺旋狀以與筒體10之内周面滑接， 並插入筒體10。 又，裝飾保持體20亦可使用彎曲體來代替棒狀體， 10且作成該彎曲體之複數處與筒體1G之關面滑接。 又，如第4圖所示，亦可使外部裝飾物10與該保持體2〇 一體形成於裴飾保持體20之端部，並將裝飾保持體2〇插入 到筒體10使外部裝飾物16由筒體1〇突出來製造装飾印鐘。 若根據此等製造方法，相較於使用接著劑等將外部裝飾物 15 16安裝於印鑑端部的態樣，可製造出可有效防止該外部裝 飾物16脫落之印鑑。 又，本實施形態中，裝飾保持體2〇之棒狀體21為實心 體，但亦可為如第5圖所示之中空體，並於中空部分24插入 串珠、寶石等。又，該中空部分24亦可注入著色有不同顏 2〇 色之密度不同之複數種液體。 又，如第1(d)圖所示，本實施形態中係於印鑑基材之端 部31安裝印鑑基材30與另外的引字部32，但可藉使用加工 性優異之合成樹脂25作為筒體1〇之内部填充用合成樹脂 25，藉此直接於印鑑基材30之端部施行印字面的雕刻處 9 200534983 理。藉此，由於不需要製造與印鑑基材30分開之引字部， 裝飾印鏗的製造容易。此等加工性優異之合成樹脂25可舉 如胺基甲酸乙酯等。又，胺基甲酸乙酯樹脂具有彈性優異 的特徵，因此於筒體10之内部填充胺基甲酸乙酯製造之印 5鑑本身即具有彈性。因此，不需於蓋章用紙的下部置放彈 性片，即使將紙直接放置於表面堅固的桌子等上面來蓋章 亦可留下鮮明的印字跡。 又，筒體10雖為圓筒狀，但筒體10之截面形狀可採用 橢圓形、三角形或四角形等各種形狀。又，雖然筒體1〇係 1〇由丙烯樹脂形成，但亦可為其他合成樹脂，例如ABS樹脂、 聚乙烯或聚丙烯等。又，筒體1〇不限制為無色透明或有色 透明體，只要為透明體即可。 又，裝飾保持體20為透明體，但亦可在該等形成階段 中，混合具有各種顏色之顏料，藉此形成有顏色之裝飾保 b持體20。又，裝飾保持體20係由丙稀樹脂形成，但亦可為 其他合成樹脂、玻璃、金屬、木材等材料。又，雖然裝飾 保持體2G具有圓柱之棒狀體21，但亦可如三角柱、四角柱、 圓錐、三角錐、螺旋狀或波形等棒狀體2卜其形狀沒有特 別限定。 '〇 Χ，雖然係藉由接著劑等將内部裝飾物15安震於裝飾 保持體2〇來進行裝都’但亦可使用噴漆於裝飾保持義之 表面緣製制來進行裝飾，以取代安裝㈣裝飾如。又， 亦可使用轉印紙將花紋轉特裝飾歸 又，前述實施形態中，係採用將内二錄 200534983 棒狀體21内之構成，但只要是可安裝内部裝飾物^之構 成，亦可使用棒狀體21以外之物。例如，亦可使用利用接 著材連結動植物、建築物等模型或寶石、玻璃片、串珠等 構造物等來取代棒狀體21。如此，即使係使用動植物等模 5型取代棒狀體15以構成裝飾保持體2〇，亦可藉將保持台^ 安裝於該模型等的其中-端，而使由模型等構成之裝飾保 持體20對筒體1G保持在的狀態。又，第6圖係顯示使用 蛇的极型來取來棒狀體I5而構成裳飾保持體Μ之裝飾印鐘 1 ° 又亦可於疴體的底板11形成凹部12以取代設置保 持台22，並使模型等的前端部嵌入該凹部12，藉此可使由 模型等構成之裝飾保持體20對筒體1〇保持在一定的狀態。 又，前述實施形態中，係採用於印鑑基材3〇之端部31 安裝與該印鑑基材30分開之印字部μ之構成，但亦可採用 15該印字部32係採用如第7圖之概略構成截面圖所示之浸透 性印字部32，並安裝於印鑑基材3〇之端部31之構成。該浸 透性之印字部32係由多孔質體所形成之印面部41、墨^^ 納部42、彈簧構件43、蓋44、外筒45所構成，收藏於墨水 收納部42之墨水心係由印面部裏面化浸透到印面仙而 〇供給，在母次蓋章時，墨水則不會附著於印面地蓋章。 又’如第8圖所示’亦可將裝飾印鑑邮成為細長形， 並於内部形成可收容如原子筆的補充物（筆記體）之空間部 5〇’藉此可將裝飾印鑑1作為附有印鏗之筆記工具之=來使 200534983 I：圖式簡單說明3 第1 (a)〜(c)圖係顯示本發明之裝飾印鑑之製造方法之 步驟圖。 第2圖係顯示本發明所使用之裝飾保持體及筒體之變 5 形例之概略構成圖。 第3圖係顯示本發明所使用之裝飾保持體之變形例之 概略構成圖。 第4圖係顯示本發明所使用之裝飾保持體之變形例之 概略構成圖。 10 第5圖係顯示本發明所使用之裝飾保持體之變形例之 概略構成圖。 第6圖係顯示本發明之裝飾印鑑之變形例之概略構成 圖。 第7圖係顯示本發明之裝飾印鑑之變形例之概略構成 15 截面圖。 第8圖係顯示本發明之裝飾印鑑之變形例之概略構成 圖。 20 12 200534983 【主要元件符號說明】 10…筒體 11.. .底板 12···凹部 15··.内部裝飾物 16.. .外部裝飾物 20···裝飾保持體 21.. .棒狀體 22…保持台 23.. .線材 24.. .中空部分 25.. .合成樹脂 30···印鑑基材 31.. .端部 32.. .印字部 41···印面部 41a…印面部裏面 41b···印面 42.. .墨水收納部 42a...墨水 43…彈簧構件 44.. .蓋 45…外筒 50.. .空間部20 The cylinder 10 is a cylinder formed of a transparent acrylic resin, and has a bottom plate U at one end thereof. The decorative holder 20 includes a solid cylindrical rod-shaped body 21 and a holder 22. The rod-shaped body 21 and the holding table 22 are made of acrylic resin, and are luminous bodies. The holding table 22 is disc-shaped, and its diameter is formed to be approximately the same as the internal control size of the cylinder. When the decorative holder 20 is inserted into the cylindrical body 10 and placed on the bottom plate 11, the height of the end portion is formed to be substantially the same as the height of the cylindrical body_. The interior decoration 15 is, for example, a bead, a gemstone, a glass piece, a mineral stone, a photograph, a plate, a seal, a film, a name, etc. on which a character or a composition is recorded, such as a name, and then the decoration is simplified. As shown in the paste, the body 202Γ is filled with a decorative pattern material to hold the space, and is filled with a synthetic resin 25 such as epoxy resin, urethane resin, or polyethylene resin. In particular, when 1Taiwei resin is used as a synthetic tree rib, it has the characteristics of high body stability and high stability, so the workability of forming is excellent. The filling step of 25 can also be performed using a vacuum defoamer: rolling The bubbles remain inside the cylinder 10. And, A of Da & Ding extension and prevented from 4 to provide a gas-resistant synthetic resin 7200534983 ultraviolet weather resistance will prevent the membrane insertion along the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 10, 25 may also be filled with a synthetic resin. Then, the liquid synthetic resin 25 that has been filled is heated with a heating body or the like, and the synthetic resin 25 is hardened to produce a seal base material 30. Heat treatment ^ 5 mechanism can be used such as soaking furnace or dryer. Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (c), the printing portion 32 that has been engraved with characters or graphics such as names is mounted on the end portion φ portion 31 of the seal base material 30 using an adhesive or the like, so that the decorative seal is completed. According to the manufacturing method of the decorative seal of the present embodiment, the manufacturing method of the decorative seal disclosed in Patent Document 1 described in the previous 10 is not required, and the synthetic resin 25 is filled into the inside of the cylinder 10 in two stages. The completion of the filling operation completes the filling of the synthetic resin 25, so that the complicated steps of manufacturing the decorative seal can be solved, and the production of the decorative seal is facilitated. Also, because the outer diameter of the holding table 22 is slightly the same as the inner diameter of the inner tube 10 by 15, the outer peripheral surface of the holding table 22 will slide with the inner peripheral surface of the tube 10. Then, the decorative holder 20 will be loaded. After being placed on the bottom plate 11 of the cylindrical body 10, the decorative holder 20 can maintain the cylindrical body 10 in a certain state. Therefore, a desired decorative pattern can be easily formed at a desired position inside the printed clock. In the foregoing, one embodiment of the present invention has been described, but the specific aspect of the present invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiment. For example, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), the decorative holder 20 described above has a holding table 22, but as shown in FIG. 2, a recess may be provided in the center of the upper surface of the bottom plate 11 of the cylinder 10 12 and embedded in the rod-shaped body 21 instead of holding A 22. With such a configuration, the other end portion of the rod-shaped body 21 with the internal decoration 15 can be held in the recessed portion ', so that the number of components of the decorative holder 20 can be reduced, and the manufacture of the decorative clock is easy. The recess u is preferably formed at the center of the bottom plate. However, the position of the recess u is not particularly limited and may be any position. As shown in FIG. 3, the decorative holder 20 may also use plastically deformable wires 23 such as iron wires, and the internal decoration 15 is mounted on the wire M and decorated with a spiral shape to be connected to the cylinder 10 The inner peripheral surface slides into the cylinder 10 and is inserted into the cylinder 10. In addition, the decorative holding body 20 may use a curved body instead of a rod-shaped body, and a plurality of the curved bodies may be made to be in sliding contact with the surface of the cylinder 1G. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the external decoration 10 and the holder 20 may be integrally formed on the end of the Pei decoration holder 20, and the decoration holder 20 may be inserted into the cylinder 10 to perform external decoration. The object 16 protrudes from the cylinder 10 to make a decorative clock. According to these manufacturing methods, it is possible to produce a seal which can effectively prevent the external decoration 16 from falling off, as compared with a state where the external decoration 15 16 is mounted on the end of the seal using an adhesive or the like. In this embodiment, although the rod-shaped body 21 of the decorative holder 20 is a solid body, it may be a hollow body as shown in Fig. 5 and beads, gemstones, etc. may be inserted into the hollow portion 24. In addition, the hollow portion 24 may be filled with a plurality of liquids colored with different colors and different densities. As shown in FIG. 1 (d), in the present embodiment, the seal base material 30 and the other quotation portion 32 are attached to the end portion 31 of the seal base material, but a synthetic resin 25 having excellent processability can be used as the The inside of the cylinder body 10 is filled with a synthetic resin 25, so that the engraving portion of the printing surface is directly applied to the end of the seal base material 30 200534983. Thereby, since it is not necessary to manufacture the lead-in part which is separate from the seal base material 30, manufacture of a decorative seal is easy. Examples of such a synthetic resin 25 having excellent processability include urethane. In addition, the urethane resin has a characteristic of being excellent in elasticity. Therefore, the seal 5 made of urethane filled in the cylinder 10 has elasticity itself. Therefore, there is no need to place an elastic sheet on the lower part of the stamping paper, and even if the paper is directly placed on a solid surface table or the like for stamping, a clear print remains. Although the cylindrical body 10 is cylindrical, the cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical body 10 may be various shapes such as an oval shape, a triangular shape, or a quadrangular shape. In addition, although the cylinders 10 and 10 are made of acrylic resin, other synthetic resins such as ABS resin, polyethylene, or polypropylene may be used. In addition, the cylindrical body 10 is not limited to a colorless transparent or colored transparent body, as long as it is a transparent body. Although the decorative holder 20 is a transparent body, pigments having various colors may be mixed in these formation stages, thereby forming a decorative holder 20 with a color. The decorative holder 20 is made of acrylic resin, but may be made of other synthetic resin, glass, metal, wood, or the like. In addition, although the decorative holder 2G has a cylindrical rod-shaped body 21, the shape of the rod-shaped body 2 such as a triangular column, a quadrangular column, a cone, a triangular cone, a spiral shape, or a wave shape is not particularly limited. '〇Χ, although the interior decoration 15 is mounted on the decorative holder 20 by an adhesive or the like', it can also be decorated by spraying on the surface edge of the decorative holder to replace the installation. Decorated like. In addition, the transfer pattern can also be used to restore the pattern to the special decoration. In the foregoing embodiment, the structure of the second body 200534983 inside the rod-shaped body 21 is used, but as long as it can be installed with an internal decoration ^, it can also be used. Something other than the rod-shaped body 21. For example, instead of the rod-shaped body 21, a model such as an animal or plant, a building, or a structure such as a gem, a glass piece, a bead, or the like may be connected by an adhesive material. In this way, even if the mold-shaped body 5 is used instead of the rod-shaped body 15 to form the decorative holder 20, it is possible to attach the holder ^ to the middle-end of the model or the like to make the decorative holder made of the model or the like Twenty pairs of cylinders 1G are maintained. In addition, Fig. 6 shows the use of the pole shape of the snake to take the rod-shaped body I5 to form the decorative seal 1 of the costume holder M. It is also possible to form a recess 12 on the bottom plate 11 of the carcass instead of providing the holding table 22 By inserting the front end portion of the model or the like into the recessed portion 12, the decorative holder 20 made of the model or the like can maintain the cylindrical body 10 in a certain state. In addition, in the foregoing embodiment, the end portion 31 of the seal base material 30 is used to install a printing portion μ separate from the seal base material 30. However, the printing portion 32 may also be adopted as shown in FIG. A schematic configuration is a configuration in which the permeable printing portion 32 shown in the cross-sectional view is mounted on the end portion 31 of the seal base material 30. The permeable printing portion 32 is composed of a printed surface portion 41 formed by a porous body, an ink receiving portion 42, a spring member 43, a cover 44, and an outer cylinder 45. The ink core stored in the ink storage portion 42 is formed by The inside of the seal face is saturated with the seal face and is supplied. When the mother and the seal are stamped, the ink will not adhere to the seal face and seal. Also, as shown in FIG. 8, the decorative seal can be made into a slender shape, and a space portion 50 can be provided inside which can receive a supplement (note body) such as a ball pen, so that the decorative seal 1 can be used as an attachment. The note writing tool with seal == 200534983 I: A brief description of the drawings 3 The first (a) to (c) diagrams show the steps of the method for manufacturing the decorative seal of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a modified example of a decorative holder and a cylinder used in the present invention. Fig. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a modified example of the decorative holder used in the present invention. Fig. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a modified example of the decorative holder used in the present invention. 10 FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a modified example of the decorative holder used in the present invention. Fig. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a modified example of the decorative seal of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic configuration 15 of a modified example of the decorative seal of the present invention. Fig. 8 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a modified example of the decorative seal of the present invention. 20 12 200534983 [Description of main component symbols] 10 ... Cylinder body 11 ... Base plate 12 ... Recess 15 ... Interior decoration 16. Outer decoration 20 ... Decorative holder 21. Rod shape Body 22 ... holding table 23 ... wire 24 ... hollow section 25 ... synthetic resin 30 ... signature substrate 31 ... end portion 32 ... Inside face 41b ... Print face 42 .. Ink storage portion 42a ... Ink 43 ... Spring member 44 ... Cover 45 ... Outer tube 50 ... Space portion
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