TW200525267A - Pixel transition and temperature coded waveforms - Google Patents

Abstract

A method and system for controlling electrophoretic and other bi-stable displays (310). Coded data (605, 610, 615) for driving the display is stored in memory (320) for different pixel transitions and different temperatures. The coded data includes voltage level and timing information for the different pixel transitions. A portion (705, 710, 715, 720, 725, 730) of the coded data is retrieved by a controller (100) such as an ASIC based on a selected pixel transition, temperature, and update mode. The portion of the coded data, which may include fixed length frame instructions, is decoded to provide decoded data. The decoded data is used to provide voltage waveforms for driving the display.

Description

200525267 IX. Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] Generally speaking, the present invention relates to electronic reading elements, such as e-books and buns, and more specifically, it relates to a type of display for controlling a bi-stable display, such as Electrophoretic display, method and device. [Prior art] Recent technological advances have provided "user-friendly" electronic reading elements, such as e-books, which have created many opportunities. For example, electrophoresis shows that Dingkoukou owns the case of Midnight Eve. Such displays have their own memory characteristics and are able to hold images for a relatively long time without power consumption. Power is consumed only when needed: new information updates or refreshes the display. Therefore, the power consumption of this type of indicator is very low, which makes it suitable for portable electronic reading devices such as e-book shoots and tapes. Electrophoresis refers to the movement of charged particles applied: electricity: medium. When electrophoresis occurs in a liquid, the particles move at a speed 'the speed is mainly caused by the viscosity goodness experienced by the particles, their charge (permanent or inductive), the dielectric properties of the liquid, and the applied electric field : Size depends. Electrophoretic display is a bi-stable display, which is a display that substantially maintains the image without consuming power after the image is updated: ... ^ 'International patent No. w99 / 53373 published on April 9, 1999 Explaining this type of display element, the application is filed by the company Γ, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and entitled "Full-color reflective display with multi-color sub-pixels: 2: WO 99/53373 discusses electronic ink displays with two substrates. ',-The substrate is transparent, while the other substrate has columns and rows of poles.-Display or pixel electrode and row electrode-Intersect and point phase 96149.doc 200525267 2 Use / special film 黾 crystal (TFT ) The display element is consumed to the row electrode, and the gate of the transistor is coupled to the column electrode. This arrangement of the display element, the TFT transistor, and the L and the row electrode together forms an active matrix. In addition, the display element includes a pixel electrode A column driver selects a column of display elements, and a row or source driver supplies the data L number to the predetermined column of display elements via the row electrodes and the transistors. These data signals correspond to the graph to be displayed Shape data, such as text or numbers. The electronic ink is provided between the pixel private electrode and a common electrode on the transparent substrate. The Haier ink contains multiple microcapsules with a diameter of about 10 to 50 microns. In the method, each A microcapsule has positively charged white particles and negatively charged black particles suspended in a liquid carrier medium or fluid. When a positive voltage is applied to the pixel electrode, the white particles are directed toward the microcapsule toward the transparent substrate. By moving to the side, the observer will see the white display element. At the same time, the black particles move to the pixel electrode on the opposite side of the microcapsule (the particles are hidden here and not visible to the observer). A negative voltage is applied to the electrodes, the black particles move toward the common electrode on the side of the microcapsules facing the transparent substrate, and the display element is dark to the observer. At the same time, the white particles move toward the microcapsules. The pixel electrode on the opposite side (the particles are hidden here and not visible to the observer) moves. After removing the electricity, the display element remains in the acquired state, thus showing bistable Characteristics. In another method, particles are provided in the dyeing liquid t. For example, black particles may be provided in a white liquid, or white particles may be provided in a black liquid. Alternatively, other colored particles may be provided in a liquid of a different color, For example, white particles are provided in a green liquid t. 96149.doc 200525267 where the charged black and white particles can move around in an electric field-other fluids, such as air (eg, May 18, 2003) Bridgestone SID2003-Abstract of Information Display Seminar 20.3 to 23rd). Colored particles can also be used. To form an electronic display H ', the electronic ink can be printed on a plastic film sheet laminated to a circuit layer. The The circuit forms a pixel pattern, which can then be controlled by a display driver. Because these microcapsules are suspended in a liquid carrier medium, they can be printed on almost any surface, including glass, plastic knees, fabrics, and even paper, using existing screen printing procedures. In addition, the use of a 'flexible sheet' allows the design of electronic reading elements that are close to the appearance of traditional books. However, electrophoresis and other bi-stable displays must be addressed and controlled in a different way from other displays, such as LCDs. This is due to electrophoresis and other adverse effects on driving voltage amplitude / pulse width and voltage sign or polarity. Both are sensitive, longer switching or updating time for monochrome mode update, even longer update time for grayscale mode update, and sensitive to image history. The present invention solves the above and other problems by providing an effective solution for controlling a bi-stable display. [Summary of the Invention] In a specific aspect of the present invention, a method for driving a display device in a bi-stable element includes storing data for driving a display for different pixel transitions. At least one selected pixel of the pixel conversion is turned to drill a part of the stored encoded data, decode the part of the stored encoded data to provide decoded data, and provide to 96149.doc 200525267 less one The voltage waveform, so as to drive the display according to the decoded 1 heart rate, and also provide related controller and program storage components. [Embodiment] ° FIGS. 1 and 2 show a specific example of a display panel i, which is a part of an electronic reading element ... The electronic reading element has a first substrate 8, an opposite second substrate 9, and a plurality of image elements. 2. The picture elements 2 are arranged along a substantially straight line in a two-dimensional structure. For the sake of brevity, these image elements are not separated from each other, but in practice, these image elements are close to each other to form a continuous image. In addition, only the full display screen can be used for other configuration of these picture elements, such as hive configuration. An electrophoretic medium 5 having charged particles 6 exists between the substrates 8 and 9. I—the first electrode 3 and a second electrode 4 are associated with each-picture element 2. The electrodes 3 and 4 can receive a potential difference. In Fig. 2, for each picture element 2, the first substrate has a first electrode 3 and the second substrate 9 has a second electrode 4. The charged particle 6 can occupy the position of any one of the two electrodes 3 and 4 or the position between the two electrodes. Each element 70 has an image 2 determined by the position of the charged particle 6 between the electrodes 3 and 4. Exterior. The electrophoretic medium 5 is substantially known, for example, the disclosure of the electrophoretic medium 5 can be obtained from US Patent Nos. 5,961,804, 6,12M39, and 6,13,774, and, for example, The electrophoretic medium 5 is commercially available from E-Tun. For example, the electrophoretic medium 5 may include negatively charged black particles 6 in a white fluid. When the charged particles 6 approach the-electrode 3 due to a potential difference (for example, +15 volts), the appearance of the picture elements 2 is white. When the charged particles 6 are close to the second electricity due to the potential difference of the opposite polarity (for example, ΐ5 Volts), the appearance of the picture elements 2 is black. When the charged particles 6 are located between the electrodes 3 and 4, the picture element has an intermediate appearance, such as a gray level between black and white. The application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 100 controls the potential difference of each picture element 2 to produce a desired image (for example, image and / or text) throughout the display screen. The entire display screen consists of a number of picture elements corresponding to the pixels in the display. FIG. 3 schematically shows an outline of an electronic reading element. The electronic reading element 300 includes a display ASIC 100. For example, ASIC 100 may be Philip

The company's "Apollo" ASIC electronic ink display controller. The display ASIC 100 controls one or more display screens through the addressing circuit 305).

Such as an electrophoresis screen to display the desired text or image. The addressing circuit 305 includes a driver integrated circuit (IC). For example, the display ASIC 100 may supply voltage to different pixels in the display screen 31 by the waveform of the addressing circuit 305. The addressing circuit 305 provides information for addressing a specific pixel, such as a column and a row, with "not a place" image or text. As explained further below, the display of the eight sinks causes different columns and / or rows to start displaying consecutive pages. No image or text data can be stored in the memory 320. The memory does not represent—or multiple storage elements. One example is Philip Electronics' Small Optics (SFF0) = chip ^ ’Non-volatile flash memory may be used in other systems. W take 70 pieces of 300 and further include reading component controller or host control ^ take 70 pieces of controller 33G or host controller may respond to use: activated software or hardware button 322, the software or hardware Press the button to start a user command, such as the next page command or the previous page command. The reading component controller 330 may be a part of a computer, which executes 96149.doc -10- 200525267 any type of computer coding component, for example, to achieve the functions described herein. Therefore, it can be two: in terms of microcode, etc., Xixiu Huo > Moon Dagger is for those who are familiar with this technology. The computer program that reads Yuan Er I including the temple's computer coding components, the device controller 33, can be displayed to perform the functions described in this article; memory (the program storage component is not shown, it has ,,, The method of the 4th memory system and the 7th embodiment can be specified by the machine's reading device controller 330 (electric wall) and the command program. Such program storage components can be provided in a way that is obvious to those skilled in the art. The ASIC 100 may have logic, the electronic reading element __, and / ": = to deviate by more than one value at the first turn on 30 / ^ ^ (for example. Anti: h, periodically provide the electronic The forced reset of the _ display area of the book, for example, after every page read, a forced reset is performed every y minutes (for example, ten knives and 4 miles). For automatic reset, the The lowest frequency of the accepted image quality determines the acceptable frequency. And 'When the user starts to read the electronic reading element, or when the image quality drops to an unacceptable level, the user can also press the Z function button Or other interface components to manually enable reset. ASIC 100 provides instructions to display addressing circuit 305 to drive display 31o based on information stored in memory 320 (as described below). The invention may be used for any Type electronic reading element. FIG. 4 illustrates a possible example of an electronic reading element 400 having two independent display screens. Specifically, a first display area 442 is provided on a first screen 440, and A second display area 牦 2 is provided on the screen 450. It is possible to connect the screens 440 and 450 by a connector 445, which allows the screens to be folded, so that 96149.doc 200525267 its pile-on-on 'also allows to open the screens. Screen and lay it flat on a surface. This configuration is ideal because it mimics the experience of reading traditional books. — Various user interface components may be provided to allow users to enable page forward and page back commands Etc. For example, the 帛 -area 442 may include the ability to use a mouse or other pointing element (eg, a touch-activated element and a PDA pen) or other known techniques to activate the on-screen button 424 to read the element ’s page Navigation between pages. In addition to page forward and page back instructions, it can provide the ability to scroll up or down in the same side. As an alternative or supplement, 'may provide hardware by pure 2' to allow users to provide page forward And page back instructions. The second area 452 may also include an on-screen button 414 and / or a hardware button 412. Please note that it is not necessary to surround the brother and The frame of the two display areas 442 and 452, because these display areas may be frameless. Other interfaces may also be used, such as the voice command " surface. It should be noted that neither of the display areas-these buttons M are necessary 〖And 4! 4 and 422 and 424. That is, a single set of page forward ^ page back buttons may be provided. Alternatively, a single button or other element (such as a rocker switch) may be driven to provide page forward and page back Command both. A function button or other interface element can also be provided to allow the user to manually enable the reset. Display screen. In other possible designs, the e-book has a single screen with a single display area displaying one page at a time. Alternatively, a single display screen can be divided into two or more display areas. For example, these display areas can be arranged horizontally or vertically. In addition, when using multiple display areas 96149.doc -12- 200525267, they can be displayed in any desired order. Consecutive pages. For example, in FIG. 4, the first page may be displayed in the display area 442 and the second page may be displayed in the display area 452. User | To view the next page of Risi, it is possible to display the third page in the first display area 442 instead of the second page, while still displaying the second page in the second display area 452. Similarly, the fourth page can be displayed in the second display area 452, and so on ^ In another method, when the user requests to view the next page, both display areas are updated, and in the first display area

A third page is displayed in 442 instead of the first page, and a fourth I 'is displayed in place of the second page in the second display area 452. When using the single-display area, a first page can be displayed, and then when the user enters the next page instruction, the second page overwrites the first page, and so on. For page back commands, the program works in reverse. In addition, the program is also applicable to languages that read text from right to left, Hebrew ’and to read in rows rather than columns: the language of words S’ such as Chinese. In addition, it should be noted that the entire page need not be displayed on this display area. Part of the page may be displayed and scrolling capabilities are provided to allow the user to scroll up, down, left, or right to read other parts of the page. May provide zoom in and zoom out functions to allow users to change the size of text or images. For example, users with reduced vision may require this feature. The discussion of the control scheme is as pointed out at the beginning. It is necessary to address and control the electrophoresis and other bi-stable displays in two different ways from other displays, such as lcd, because: Both the width and the electric symbol are sensitive, the update time of the monochrome material is longer or the update time, the update time of the grayscale mode update of 96149.doc • 13-200525267 or even longer, and the image history is sensitive. For example, the grayscale image transition can achieve a minimum image update time of 900 pixels. In addition, the display is bi-stable / image stable and very sensitive to image history, so there is a high risk of image retention. In addition, the display is temperature sensitive, so lookup tables should be generated and stored to drive the display at different temperatures. The invention provides a smart data format, which has high efficiency and high speed, and has low cost. Figure 5 shows an algorithm for controlling a display with multiple image update modes. To enhance the image update speed, for example, to shorten the image update time for the convenience of users, multiple display modes may be used. These modes may include, for example, monochrome update (MU) mode 500, grayscale update (DU) mode 510, initialization (INIT) mode 520, and grayscale clear (GC) mode 53. The sleep state 540 is the state of the controller used while waiting for the display update command. The relationship between these four models is shown in the figure. For example, if a mode update request (a display instruction generated by the host) is issued by the logic executed at the read element controller 330, a decision is made at the decision block 56 since the last display renewal (clear sequence) Whether the elapsed time is less than a preset value. If it is true, it is determined at decision block 570 whether the pixel transition flag "Q" is zero. If all the changed pixels have a transition k from the monochrome state to the monochrome state, the flag q is set to zero. If this is true, the mu mode 500 is selected. If the decision block 57 is false, select &1; mode 51. If the decision block 560 is false, the renewal timer is cleared at block 550 and the GC mode 530 is selected. When only monochrome data is updated (usually occurs in black and white books or subwindows), 96149.doc -14- 200525267 loads MU mode 500 by displaying ASIC 100. When updating at least part of the grayscale data in the display, use GU mode 510. The total image update time at 5000 when the MU mode is used is usually about half the update time of the GU mode. The INIT mode 520 is required periodically (e.g., every reading minute) after the user starts using the display 310. Use this display sequence only when removing the system power supply pool) and the contents of the ASIC memory will be lost. Under this condition, the displayed content is unknown, and the system will be initialized, the pages will be cleared, the monitor will be displayed in white, and the current image will be written into the ASIC memory as white. Gc Mode 53 is an option when the gray level of the same level is not updated and the display may need to be reset after a regular period of time. In each mode of the display ASIC 100, according to the data, each pixel receives one of the thirty-two possible waveforms. Sixteen waveforms correspond to even pixel transitions, and sixteen waveforms correspond to odd pixel transitions. Combining four possible modes, one hundred and twenty-eight possible waveforms, such as Yan Hai, can be used to drive each pixel. Or, if these waveforms are not specifically targeted at even and odd pixel transitions, the county-pixel receives one of the sixteen possible waveforms, and there are sixty-four possible waveforms. For driving every pixel. If various temperatures are considered, this number is very large. The present invention accommodates these variables by providing a coding method / format that results in an effective controller implementation controller for controlling a display, such as an electrophoretic display or other stable display. As described in conjunction with FIG. 3, it is possible to use a controller, such as ASTr 1n, I, ASIC 100, to provide instructions to the display addressing circuit to drive the display 310 based on the information stored in the memory 320. 96149.doc -15- 200525267 Figure 6 shows the data layout in the memory. In each display mode, data is retrieved from the memory 320 so that the ASIC 100 can use the data when driving the pixels of the display with an appropriate waveform. According to one aspect of the present invention, one or more frames of waveform data are provided from the memory 320 to the display ASIC 100 to drive the display 310. In particular, waveform data may be arranged in LUTs at different locations in the memory space 600 of the memory 320. Although this data structure is different from traditional LUTs (such as those used in LCDs), this layout can still be considered a lookup table (LUT). A separate block of data is provided for each possible pixel transition. For example, when a pixel has four gray levels, namely black (B), dark gray (DG), light gray (LG), and white (W), there are sixteen possible transitions for a pixel. , For example B to B, DG, LG or W; DG to B, DG, LG or W; LG to B, DG, LG or W; and W to B, DG, LG or W. The number of transitions is the square of the number of gray levels. In an example with sixteen possible transitions, the memory space 600 includes a zero 1 ^ 11 605, a first 1 ^ 11 610, and other LUTs up to the fifteenth 1 ^ 1; D615. Specify the zeroth LUT 605 as the preset LUT. The memory space 600 also includes an address where the LUT data is stored. For example, the address of the zeroth LUT 605 is stored in the memory space 635, the address of the first LUT 610 is stored in the memory space 640, and so on, until the address of the fifteenth LUT, which is stored In memory space 645. The memory space 650 stores the controller settings and manufacturing data of the ASIC 100. The LUT selection register 670 may be used to select one of the LUTs based on the pixel transition. For example, the memory 320 may be a non-volatile flash memory. 96149.doc -16- 200525267 During display update, thirty waveforms are created in many frames with different timings. The page ASIC 100 must apply these waveforms to the n pixels shown in accordance with the pixel transition. In addition, applying these waves based on the parity of the pixels ^ / By don't treat the pixels in the odd rows of the display and the pixels in the even rows of the display 'Pixel parity can minimize undesired optical effects. When the display update is requested, the display ASIC 100 reads the temperature, and selects the appropriate display sequence from the LUT based on the temperature = LUT selection register value (box ^ 7 of the tree). Before starting each frame scan, it is shown that ASIC 100 reads the C private address from the external non-volatile memory (for example, memory-like) of the T and LUT space. " In an exemplary embodiment, the length of each frame instruction is 11 bytes. The instruction block provides the display ASIC 100 with all necessary information about the current Δ 杧, including the voltage to be applied to each pixel according to the transition and frame% of each pixel. In addition, logic is implemented to remember the different states of the mother pixel. Based on this coding, the ASIC 100 can be designed to decompose and execute the information, and generate a sequence of more frames to apply the required waveform to each pixel. In the encoding format for these waveforms used to address electrophoretic displays, it is possible

The encoded waveform data is stored in the memory 320 and decoded by the ASIC. The waveform data format is a new definition, and waveform data can be used in all electrophoretic displays, including electrophoretic displays using three-voltage source drivers (such as ... 15 V, 0v, and + 15 v). J ..., off. Then the ASIC 100 uses the decoded data to drive the display 310. In the specific embodiment, for each pixel of the electrophoretic display 96149.doc -17- 200525267, choose among twenty-one different waveforms. ,, r, r, bolai, k, f η-'>. The difficulty lies in how to express such waveforms, such as ^ ,, eclipse, or 乂 1, or k, from the memory 320. Since I hope you can make A # memory (lower cost) in order to reduce 320 ^ ^ -4 ^, we do n’t want to take the memory ^ at the time of displaying pixels. The waveform coding must involve all the pixels of the signal, and the βU waveform coding must be performed before the mother-display frame. At the same time, because the waveform depends on the temperature of the display, there is a certainty. In the link, the port structure to achieve this dependence on ASIC 100 uses a minimum of μ k bytes of body buckets 々ρ 七 1 70 70 flash memory units to store temperature LUT, display sequence data, controller settings and manufacturing data. For example, up to sixteen temperature LUTs can be stored in flash memory in a memory space between hex address 0 and DFDF. A register χ13 (67) associated with the ASIC 100 is used to select one of the solid LUTs. After resetting, the register is set to the preset value 0, and the preset temperature LUT is selected from the flash memory address 0. In a possible method, each temperature LUT has 256 temperature ranges representing 256 indicators (for example, 1.0, each indicator represents a temperature, ie, _128. (: To +127.0 actual value) , Configure these indicators as follows. Use two flash bytes to represent all indicators in the order of MSB and LSB. The location of the preset temperature LUT is fixed. It starts at address 0 and ends at address 1 FF (Hexadecimal). The location of the flash memory from the address DFE0 (hexadecimal) to the address DFFF (hexadecimal) is also fixed, and it points to the 16 possible flash memory locations. 16 address indicators of LUT. The position between E〇 () () and FFFF is reserved for controller setting and manufacturing data. 96149.doc -18- 200525267

Temperature LUT For example, the following LUT address is relative to the basic LUT address, for example, the offset from the basic LUT address, and the offset is indicated by the LUT index. The relative address (rel.), Such as offset, is provided in an example below. LUT address (hexadecimal) Description Temperature (〇〇 0000 16-bit indicator pointing to the sequence of temperature. 0〇c 0002 16-bit indicator pointing to the sequence of temperature. L〇c

0004 A 16-bit pointer to a sequence of temperatures. 20C

0006 A 16-bit pointer to a sequence of temperatures. 30C

00FE A 16-bit indicator of a sequence of temperatures. 127 ° C

0100 A 16-bit pointer to a sequence of temperatures. -128 ° C

0102 A 16-bit pointer to a sequence of temperatures. -127 ° C

0104 A 16-bit pointer to a sequence of temperatures. -1260C 01 FA A 16-bit indicator pointing to a temperature sequence. -3 ° c

01FC A 16-bit pointer to a sequence of temperatures. _2 ° C

01FE A 16-bit indicator pointing to a sequence of temperatures. -1 ° C Display sequence / mode. The display should be updated with different waveforms depending on the update mode. The update mode can be monochrome update (MU), grayscale update (GU), initialization (INIT), and renewal. All indicators from the temperature LUT indicate the absolute address of the block that points to 16 indicators, that is, the absolute bit 96149.doc -19- 200525267 address to the 16 possible display sequences (modes). As shown in FIG. 7, a specific sequence 705, 710, 715, 720, 725, and 730 is selected according to the display update mode 750. The order of indicators pointing to these sequences is fixed. An example is shown below. Index description seq_t0 points to 16-bit address of sequence 0. index seq_t0 + 2 points to 16-bit address of sequence 1. seq_t0 + 4 points to 16-bit address of sequence 2. seq_t0 + 6 points to 16-bit bit of sequence 3. Address indicator seq_t0 + 8 Pointer to 16-bit address of sequence 4 Address pointer seq_t0 + l 0 Pointer to 16-bit address pointer to sequence 5 seq_t0 + 12 Pointer to 16-bit address pointer to sequence 6 seq_t0 + 14 Pointer to 16 point of sequence 7 Bit address index seq_t0 + l 6 points to the 16-bit address index of sequence 8 seq_t0 + l 8 points to the 16-bit address index of sequence 9 seq_t0 + 20 points to the 16-bit address index of sequence 10 seq_t0 + 22 points The 16-bit address indicator seq_t0 + 24 of sequence 11 points to the 16-bit address indicator seq_t0 + 26 of sequence 12 The 16-bit address indicator seq_t0 + 28 of sequence 13 points to the 16-bit address indicator seq_t0 of sequence 14 30 16-bit address pointer pointing to sequence 15 Each pointer pointing to the display sequence represents the absolute address of the data of the sequence. In a particular design, the data format is the same for all display sequences' and the lean format includes one or more records that are 11 bytes in length. If you use more than three driver voltages, you can increase the length of this record (frame refers to 96149.doc * 20- 200525267 order). After the last record, for example, < the end of the display sequence can be indicated by two bytes FF, as shown in the following example. Byte 0, Byte 1, Byte 2, Byte 3, Byte 4, Byte 5 'Byte 6, Byte 7, Byte 8, Byte 9, Byte 10 Byte 0, Byte 1, Byte 2, Byte 3, Byte 4, Byte 5 'Byte 6, Byte 7, Byte 8, Tuple 9, byte 10

FFFF In the sequence field, if only one byte FF appears, the controller 81 will perform "hardware shaking". The hardware shaking is a more general form of driving pulse-an example, also called "Hardware drive." When using hardware drive, the display is defined to operate in a mode in which more than-lines of ㈣ϋ are supplied simultaneously, for example, by operating more than

-One driver IC (such as a selection driver) or supply data to these banks by providing multiple simultaneous outputs from a single driver IC. The cascade signal of the display gate driver will be connected to the gate driver in parallel to connect the signal Box time is reduced to a minimum. The source driver of the display will obtain the information that is not indicated behind the working tuple, as follows: FF shaking-data-byte FF ι ·

-shaklng—data one byte FF shaking one data one byte FF one As shown above, byte 0 to byte — — 32 stops representing two bits. The parent column indicates a voltage 96149.doc -21-200525267 (for example, 00 = 0 V, 01 = + 15 V, 10 = -15 V) applied to a display pixel that meets the π condition of the cable, in the file This index condition is explained for each sequence. If more than 3 voltage levels are required in this example, the field may be greater than two bits. Byte 8 represents the display column time, byte 9 represents the delay between two consecutive display frames, and byte 10 represents the number of frames used for the sequence. Bit 7, Bit 6 Bit 5, Bit 4 Bit 3, Bit 2 Bit 1, Bit 0 Byte 0 Voltage 1 Voltage 2 Voltage 3 Voltage 4 Byte 1 Voltage 5 Voltage 6 Voltage 7 Voltage 8 Byte 2 Voltage 9 Voltage 10 Voltage 11 Voltage 12 Byte 3 Voltage 13 Voltage 14 Voltage 15 Voltage 16 Byte 4 Voltage 17 Voltage 18 Voltage 19 Voltage 20 Byte 5 Voltage 21 Voltage 22 Voltage 23 Voltage 24 Byte 6 Voltage 25 Voltage 26 Voltage 27 Voltage 28 Byte 7 Voltage 29 Voltage 30 Voltage 31 Voltage 32

Byte 8 Display column time Byte 9 Frame delay Byte 10N Frame number Each sequence has the same index, which indicates possible pixel transitions. The 32 possible voltages from byte 0 to byte 7 are associated with the index of each sequence as follows: Index 1-byte 0 (7: 6) 2-byte 0 (5: 6 ) 3-Byte 0 (4: 3) 32-Byte 7 (1: 0). The following is a practical example of matrix transformations used in display sequences by odd parity and even parity: 96149.doc -22 -200525267 Odd parity final, / ,,, dark gray light gray white black 1 5 9 13 dark gray 2 6 10 14 light gray 3 7 11 Γ? 5 white * 4 8 12 16 even parity final ^ love 4 dark gray light gray white black 17 21 25 29 dark gray 18 22 26 3〇 light gray [19 23 27 31 white 20 24 28 > 32 and above are used to change the appearance of pixels from the four possible initial gray levels

A gray level in (black, dark gray, light gray, and white) becomes a gray level among the four possible final gray levels. Controller settings and manufacturing data. You can configure the memory space 650 address (hex) in Figure 6 as described below. E000-E1FF E200 E201 E202-E3FF E400-E401 The controller settings are retained according to the temperature. The PWM value ’〇-keeps low, 128-50% load cycle, 255-keeps high. Relocation appearance, 0-black, m, 2-gray 2, 3 white Reserve the settings and manufacturing data of other controllers. The address indicator of the f flash sequence is used in the dynamic test. After resetting ', copy the pulse width from the flash memory in the two controller registers. The PWM value and edge appearance can be changed by the host to write the following registers to change the pulse width modulation ( (PWM) Value of the edge appearance ·············································································· PWM Pixel 绫 " "All display pixels update the display side at the same time Γ Γ hexadecimal address ㈣1 in the flash memory to store the default display" edge value. For example, the display edge value can be 0, i, 2 and 3 (black 1 gray 2 and white), and it can be displayed by the lower nibble of the sign L. '' Read the preset edge value from the flash memory, After resetting the low-order bits and groups of the internal register, that is, the edge data register (the register is called hexadecimal), the high-order bits of the register are reset. The low nibble of the edge data register indicates the new edge and the middle nibble indicates the currently used edge value. At any time, the host can write the lower nibble of the register. The $ method is to use the controller's address register (0xl2) and the instructions before the data to write to the register (0 '. Write After entering the register, 'the high nibble will get the current value of the low nibble' and then the low nibble will get the host: So this is really like the two images in the memory Work, keep the edge value of the current display. For example, if the edge data register is written twice with the same value, the display: edge will be processed without pixel conversion. If the value of the low nibble is Unlike the value of the high nibble, the edge will be processed (updated) according to the knowledge that the pixel has a transition from the value of the factory high nibble "纟" the value of the low nibble ". In this way, you can Update the edge forcefully in all sequences or only in newer sequences. In addition, it is possible to change the edge value with 96149.doc -24- 200525267. 仏 S has been shown and explained: ¾ • ^ 丄 ☆ Month is considered as this The preferred embodiment of the invention, but of course it should be understood that tolerating marriage Various modifications and changes are made to the details without departing from the spirit of the present invention. The monthly review therefore hopes that the present invention is not limited to the precise form illustrated and illustrated, and Shi 4 ^ ^ interprets this matter as a scope that covers the scope of the accompanying patent application [Modification of the drawings] [Simplified description of the drawings] In the drawings: FIG. 1 schematically shows a specific known example of a display screen of a part of an electronic-electronic display device; FIG. 2 schematically Shows a cross-sectional view along 2_2 in Figure 丨; Figure 3 schematically shows an overview of an electronic reading element; Figure 4 schematically shows two display screens with a display area of Jiu Zi T Ya Ming Gu Zi. FIG. 5 shows an algorithm for controlling a plurality of image update modes, ^ ^,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and '``' '' ' Update mode selection sequence In all such drawings, the same reference numerals are added to the corresponding parts. [Description of the main component symbols] 1 2 3 4 Display panel image element first electrode second electrode 96149 .doc -25 · 200525267 5 electrophoretic medium 6 charged particles 8 first substrate 9 second substrate 100 controller 300 electronic reading element 305 addressing circuit 310 display screen 320 memory 322 button 330 reading element controller 400 electronic reading element 412 hard Body button 414 screen button 422 button 424 button 440 first screen 442 first display area 445 connected object 450 second screen 452 second display area 500 monochrome update mode 510 grayscale update mode 520 initialization mode 96149.doc -26- 200525267 530 Grayscale clear mode 540 Sleep state 550 Block 560 Block 570 Decision block 600 Memory space 605 Lookup table 610 Lookup table 615 Lookup table 635 Memory space 640 Memory space 645 Memory space 650 Memory space 670 LUT selection Register 705 sequence 710 sequence 715 sequence 720 sequence 725 sequence 730 sequence 750 display update mode 96149.doc -27-

Claims (1)

200525267 X. Scope of patent application: A method for driving a pair of Liyuanyuan 4? AA «Red. * A method of display in one file, which contains coded data (605, 61, cmu, 615) to address different problems The prime transformation drives the display (31〇); according to the pixel transformations of the different pixel transformation techniques w 一部分, a part of the stored encoded data is not captured; Compile data to provide decoded display: at least one waveform, to drive the 2 according to the decoded data · Method as in item 1, where ·· σ Hai has stored encoded data sentence ^ 3 < Becai X includes voltage level and timing information of the mother-pixel transition of different pixel transitions. 3 · The method of claim 1, wherein ... storing the coded data includes storing the coded data used to drive the display at different temperatures; and _: take the part of the stored warp knitting Ma's data includes the coded data for manipulating the part according to the selected temperature of these different degrees. 4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the extraction of the encoded data of the Hai part includes the operation of at least -the fixed-length frame command.疋 5. The method as in item 1, wherein ... Retrieving the encoded data of the part includes selecting an update mode (500, 510, 520, and 530) based on one of the displays 96149.doc 200525267. Retrieve the encoded data for that part. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the stored encoded data includes voltage level and timing information of each pixel transition of the different pixel transitions and each temperature of a plurality of different temperatures. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: storing indicators (635, 640, 645) of the stored encoded data pointing to the different pixel transitions; and storing the stored encoded data The relative address information A of the information is used to drive the display at the plurality of different temperatures according to the deviation from the relevant indicators in the indicators. 8. A device for driving a display in a bi-stable element, comprising: a fetching member (100) for fetching from -memory 依据) according to at least m pixel transitions of a plurality of different pixel transitions- Part of the coded data (605, 610, 615); t Decoding component (⑽), which is used to decode the coded trading materials stored in that part to provide decoded data; and ▲ Provide the component (305 ), Which is used to provide at least one voltage waveform to drive the display (31 0) according to the decoded data; wherein the stored data of the warp-knitted stone horse includes driving for the plurality of different pixel transitions Information about the display. 9 · The device as claimed in item 8, among which: 96149.doc 200525267 The coded data package. The pixel pressure is μ, the electrical house level and timing information for each of a plurality of different pixel transitions. 1〇_If the device of item 8 is requested, the retrieval component retrieves the part in at least one ^ points of the stored warp knitting scorpion: fixed frame instruction 11. If the item of item 8 is requested Device, where '...' the capturing component retrieves the display according to the display 510, 520, and 53). An update mode (500, 12. If the device of item 8 is used, the stored encoded data is divided. This includes the part used to drive the extraction member at different temperatures according to the different temperatures.)哕 ρ ＭVII, to retrieve the coded data that has been stored in the knife. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein: δ Hai has stored a pixel-by-pixel conversion for the people, etc. The material includes the sequence information of these different pixel transitions. The voltage level and time of each temperature at the same temperature 14. The device of claim 8, wherein: 15-the display includes an electrophoretic display. A program storage element, Its tangible implementation can be performed by the instruction program, one of the one executed in the thermal-m state for driving the display in the bi-stable element. The method includes ... So far, the heart of the heart (605, 610, 615) 'drives the display for different images of Xin Zhuanshi;) pixels 96149.doc 200525267 according to these different pixels to transfer a part of which has been stored to>,- Selected pixel transitions to capture The work ,, encoded data; decoding have been stored in the portion of the information; and ,,! The encoded data is provided to provide at least one voltage waveform that is decoded, and the bee is driven according to the decoded data. 16. The program storage element of claim 15, wherein: the stored encoded data includes voltage level and timing information for each pixel transition of the different pixel transitions. 17. 18., where: the data includes retrieving at least one program storage element with a length equal to that of claim 15 and retrieving the encoded fixed frame instruction for that part. For example, if the program storage element of item 15 is requested, among them, the coded data for holding the part includes retrieving the coded data for the part according to the selected-update mode_, 51G, 52G, 53 of the display. 19. The program storage element of claim 15, wherein: storing the coded data includes storing coded data for driving the display at different temperatures; and retrieving the stored coded data of the portion Including extracting the encoded data of the part according to a selected temperature of the different temperatures. 20. The program storage element according to claim 15, wherein: the stored encoded data includes voltage levels and timings of each of the different pixel transitions at 96149.doc 200525267 and each of a plurality of different temperatures. Information. 2L The program storage element of claim 20, wherein the method further includes: storing the index (635, 640, 645) to the stored encoded data of the different pixel transitions; and storing the stored data for positioning the The relative address data of the data of Niu, c.,., ..,, Gong, and Bian exhausted has been stored to drive the display according to the temperature different from these indicators. &