200428103 玖、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於 EL(Electroluminescence)裝置.，尤其是 關於用作爲液晶顯示裝置之背光元件的EL裝置。 另外，本發明還關於此種EL裝置之製造方法及使用有 EL裝置之液晶顯示裝置。 【先前技術】 以往，無機EL裝置、有機EL裝置等的EL裝置，係 作爲顯示器或照明裝置等。例如，在用作爲照明裝置之EL 裝置之中，如第13圖所示，在液晶面板A之後方還有配置 作爲背光以構成液晶顯示裝置的有機EL裝置B。 液晶面板A具有一對的玻璃基板2，該等玻璃基板2 係相互平行配置，同時，在相互對置之面形成有透明電極1 ，並且，在此等一對的玻璃基板2之間封入有液晶以形成 液晶層3。在一對的玻璃基板2之外側分別配置有偏光板4 。另外，有機EL裝置B具有透明基板5，在該透明基板5 上順序層疊形成有透明電極6、有機發光層7及反射性電極 8。由有機EL裝置B之有機發光層7所發出的光，係作爲 照明光通過透明電極6及透明基板5，從有機EL裝置B入 射於液晶面板A的後面，響應液晶層3之配向狀態的顯示 光係藉由從液晶面板A的前面射出以進行顯示。 在該液晶顯示裝置中，在夜間等周圍暗黑的情況，可 使有機EL裝置B之有機發光層7發光以進行照明’但在白 天等周圍充分明亮的情況，則可從液晶面板A的前面取入 -6 2ί)0428103 外部光’由有機Ε L裝置Β之反射性基板8將該外部光反射 而用作爲照明光。 但是，在該之液晶顯示裝置中，有機EL裝置β之反射 性基板8的表面具有平滑面而以鏡面方式反射該入射之外 部光’因此響應外部光方向之特定方向的反射光的強度變 強’不僅照明變得不均勻，同時，液晶面板Α的視野角也 變窄。 在此’例如，在日本特開平9_5 003 1號公報所揭示之 液晶顯示裝置中’在液晶面板與有機E L裝置之間配置有擴 散板，藉由該擴散板以使來自有機EL裝置之照明光散射以 進行均勻照明’同時’圖謀液晶面板A的視野角的擴大。 -然而’因爲在液晶面板與有機EL裝置之間獨立配置擴 散板，因此有零件數增加，液晶顯示裝置全體的構成變得 複雜’同時’在照明光透過擴散板時造成照明光衰減的問 另外，EL裝置還要求有如下的特性。 •提升亮度（提升發光光量、提升取光效率） 亦即，要求增加單位面積的發光量，或增加可從裝置 向外部取出之光量。尤其是’在介由基板（透明基板）將由 發光層所發出的光向外部射出之第13圖所示底部發光型的 EL裝置中，其可從基板向外部射出的光量有受到限制。 •提升射出光之方向特性（提升光利用效率） 亦即，還要求於EL裝置增加向特定方向射出之光的光 量。例如，第13圖所示有機EL裝置B，要求對液晶面板 -7- 2^0428103 A之偏光板4以入射角〇度所入射之光的光量居多。這是 因爲未入射於液晶面板A、或即使入射於液晶面板Α但卻 無法射出之光，係無法用作爲液晶顯示裝置的光的緣故。 •提升依射出光之色度特性 亦即，要求提供依射出光之色度大致上無差異的EL裝 置。 【發明內容】 本發明係鑒於如此之問題及要求而完成者，其第1目 的在於，提供可避免伴隨擴散板之使用的光衰減，同時， 構造簡單且充分使光散射而可進行均勻照明的EL裝置。 本發明之第2目的在於，提供發光量多的EL裝置。 本發明之第3目的在於，提供取光效率高的EL裝置。 本發明之第4目的在於，提供特定方向之亮度高的EL 裝置。 本發明之第5目的在於’提供依射出方向之色度差異 少的EL裝置。 另外，本發明之目的在於，提供可獲得如此之EL裝置 的EL裝置之製造方法以及使用有EL裝置之液晶顯示裝置 0 本發明之EL裝置係具備有基板；中間層，係形成於基 板上，且在與基板接合之面相反側的表面具有形成凹凸的 面；第1電極層，係形成於中間層上；發光層，係形成於 第1電極層上；及第2電極層，係形成於發光層上；其中 ’形成於中間層之具有凹凸的面上的至少一層，係沿著接 -8- 200428103 合於中間層側的層的表面而形成。 至少一層可由大致均勻的膜厚所形成。 另外’最好至少一層具有對應形成有中間層的凹凸面 的彎曲形狀。利用至少一層具有彎曲形狀，以便在形成於 該層上的層形成凹凸。在此，彎曲形狀係包含與中間層的 表面凹凸大致平行且具有均勻膜厚的形狀，凹部較凸部形 成更厚的形狀，凸部較凹部形成更厚的形狀等。 最好發光層具有對應中間層的形成有凹凸的面的彎曲 形狀。 最好在形成於發光層兩側的第1電極層及第2電極層 中，以發光層爲基準，由反射性電極構成設於其取光側相 反側的一電極層，由透明電極構成另一電極層，反射性電 極最好具有對應中間層的形成有凹凸的面的彎曲形狀。 中間層係由光阻或預先於表面形成凹凸形狀之同時黏 貼於基板上的薄片所形成。 另外，形成有基板的凹凸的面，最好爲不規則地形成 有凹部與凸部的凹凸面。 另外，最好在較發光層靠近取光側處再配置稜鏡片。 該稜鏡片可使用具有相互平行配置的複數線狀凸部，同時 ，將各線狀凸部削尖爲剖面三角形狀的薄片，該情況，2 片的稜鏡片最好爲以各自的線狀凸部的延長方向相互交叉 的方式重疊配置。 本發明之EL裝置之製造方法，係於基板上形成其表面 形成有凹凸面的中間層，在中間層上形成第1電極層’於 -9 - 200428103 第1電極層上形成發光層，於發光層上形成第2電極層， 形成於中間層之具有凹凸的面上的至少一層係沿著接合於 中間層側的層的表面而形成的方法。 另外’在第1電極層與第2電極層中，以發光層爲基 準，由反射性電極構成設於其取光側相反側的一電極層， 由透明電極構成另一電極層，若在反射性電極的表面設置 對應中間層的形成有凹凸的面的彎曲形狀，則由該反射性 電極的表面散射性反射光。 又，至少一層可含有發光層。 另外，本發明之液晶顯示裝置，係將該本發明之EL裝 置作爲背光元件使用者。 【實施方式】 以下，參照圖式說明本發明之實施形態。 (實施形態1) 第1圖顯示實施形態1的液晶顯示裝置的剖面。該液 晶顯示裝置係由液晶面板A及配置於該液晶面板A後方的 作爲背光元件的有機EL裝置C所構成。液晶面板A具有 一對的玻璃基板2，該等玻璃基板2係相互平行配置，同時 ，在相互對置之面形成有透明電極1，並且，在此等一對的 玻璃基板2之間封入有液晶以形成液晶層3。又，在一對的 玻璃基板2之外側分別配置有偏光板4。 另一方面，有機EL裝置C具有平板狀透明基板9’在 該透明基板9上形成有構成本發明之中間層的透明層1 〇。 該透明層1 〇係在與透明基板9相反側的面形成不規則地形 - 1〇一 200428103 成有凹部與凸部的凹凸面1 1。沿該透明層1 0的凹凸面1 1 上形成有透明電極12，沿透明電極1 2之表面上形成有機發 光層13，再沿有機發光層13之表面上層疊形成有反射性電 極14。因此，透明電極12、有機發光層13及反射性電極14 分別具有凹凸。此等透明電極12、有機發光層13及反射性 電極14分別具有均勻的膜厚，由此具有對應透明層10的 凹凸面1 1的彎曲形狀。透明電極1 2及反射性電極1 4分別 構成本發明之第1電極層及第2電極層。又，在該有機EL 裝置C中，透明基板9之液晶面板Α側的主表面成爲光的 射出面9a。亦即，透明電極12、透明層10及透明基板9 係以有機發光層1 3爲基準設於取光側，是對朝向EL裝置 C外部射出的光（一般爲可視光）具有透視性的層，反射性 電極1 4係以有機發光層1 3爲基準設於與取光側相反側的 層。 該液晶顯示裝置中，係可使有機EL裝置C的有機發 光層13發光而用作爲照明光，但在白天等周圍充分明亮的 情況，還可由反射性電極1 4使透過液晶面板A而入射於有 機EL裝置C內之外部光反射而用作爲照明光。此等照明光 係入射於液晶面板A的後面，藉由響應液晶層3之配向狀 態的顯示光從液晶面板A的前面射出以進行顯示。 在此，如第2圖所示，入射於有機EL裝置C之透明 基板9且透過該基板9的外部光L1，係透過透明層1〇、透 明電極1 2及有機發光層1 3而由反射性電極1 4所反射。此 時，因爲反射性電極14具有彎曲形狀，因此外部光L1在 -11- 200428103 此處散射並以各種角度反射。此等反射光於通過有機發光 層13與透明電極12之交界面及透明層1〇之凹凸面π時 因折射率差的緣故再度發生散射，在通過透明層10及透明 基板9之交界面時因折射率差的緣故發生折射後，從透明 基板9之射出面9a朝液晶面板A的方向射出。藉此，可獲 得均勻的照明光，可防止如以往般的鏡面反射。藉由散射 光從液晶面板A的前面以各種角度射出，可廣範圍確保液 晶面板A的視野角。 另外’反射性電極14具有對應凹凸面u的彎曲形狀 ’因此在反射性電極14的反射像也進行散射性反射。因此 ’可使如以往般將由液晶面板A所表示的像及反射性電極 的反射像看成雙重圖像的所謂雙重像的辨識變得困難。 藉此，無須如以往般使用個別的擴散板，因此，可消 除在通過擴散板時所產生的射出光的衰竭。 另一方面，由有機EL裝置C之有機發光層13所發出 的光L2，於通過有機發光層13與透明電極12之交界面及 透明層10之凹凸面11時因折射率差的緣故而發生散射， 在通過透明層10及透明基板9之交界面時因折射率差的緣 故發生折射後，從透明基板9之射出面9a朝液晶面板A的 方向射出。藉此，成爲可將如以往般在平坦發光層中無法 從層中間向外部射出的光的一部分光射出的狀態。 另外’有機發光層13具有彎曲形狀，因此在由有機發 光層1 3發出的光中大致平行於透明基板9而發出的光L3 之中，係由反射性電極1 4反射，而該反射光也有通過有機 -12- 200428103 發光層13、透明電極12及透明層10從透明基板9之射出 面9a朝液晶面板A的方向射出的光。 又’由有機發光層13發出的光中之在透明基板9之射 出面9a的點P被全反射的光L4，係通過透明層10、透明 電極12及有機發光層13到達反射性電極14，同時，由該 反射性電極1 4所反射，但因爲該反射性電極1 4具有凹凸 ，因此在反射時，其相對透明基板9之射出面9a的角度發 生變化。其結果，由射出面9a全反射且返回有機EL裝置 C內之光L4，最終也變得容易從透明基板9之射出面9a朝 液晶面板A的方向射出。 如此般，大致平行於透明基板9而發出的光L3的反射 光，或由透明基板9之射出面9a全反射的光L4的反射光 均可用作爲照明光，藉此，可提供具有高取光效率的有機 EL裝置。 另外，藉由選擇凹凸的形狀，可使形成於透明層10、 透明電極12、有機發光層13及反射性電極14的凹凸，分 別具有微透鏡等的集光性的機能。 在該有機EL裝置C中，因爲將具有凹凸面11之透明 層1 〇個別形成於透明電極9上，因此可使用已製成的平板 狀透明基板，另外，透明層10之材質選擇的自由度增大。 因此，藉由適宜選擇使與透明基板9的折射率差或與透明 電極1 2等的折射率差成爲指定値的透明層1 〇的材質，可 容易在凹凸面11獲得所需的散射特性，同時，可自由改變 散射效果的程度。另外，藉由選擇容易加工成形凹凸面11 -13" 200428103 的透明層1 0的材質，即可以極佳的良率製造本發明之el 裝置。 在此，第3圖顯示分別使本實施形態1之有機EL裝置 c及第13圖所示習知有機EL裝置B發光時的對視野角的 亮度特性。在該曲線圖中，以在習知有機EL裝置B的光射 出面的法線方向的亮度爲基準，藉由與該亮度的比來表示 亮度的大小。另外，各有機EL裝置係除於有機EL裝置C 之透明基板9上設置具有凹凸面11的透明層10外，其餘 均由相同材料、相同膜厚及相同製造方法所製成。 從該曲線圖可知，實施形態1之有機EL裝置C較習 知有機EL裝置B，在廣闊視野角的全體具有高的亮度，其 視野角有被放大。在習知有機EL裝置B之平坦有機發光層 7所發出的光中以臨界角以上入射於透明基板5前面、亦即 射出面的光，在該射出面與反射性電極8之間反覆進行反 射而容易被封堵於有機EL裝置B內，因此，視野角越是增 大其光的射出量越是減少。相對於此，在實施形態1之有 機EL裝置C之有機發光層13所發出的光中，以臨界角以 上入射於透明基板9之射出面9a的光，即使係由射出面9a 全反射’但因爲在如該般由具有彎曲形狀的反射性電極14 所反射時，其對射出面9a的角度發生變化而仍舊變得容易 從有機EL裝置C射出，因此可預見全體的亮度增高，尤其 是朝斜方向的光的射出量也增多。 又’可知有機EL裝置C之特定方向的亮度（以光射出 面之法線方向爲基準的50度前後的角度）增高。又，該特 -14- 200428103 \ 定方向可利用適宜調整凹/凸的形狀來改變。 其次’說明該有機EL裝置C之製造方法。如第4A圖 所示，在平板狀透明基板9的表面形成具有指定膜厚的透 明層10。於該透明層10的表面，使用與藉由蝕刻而欲由此 開始形成之凹部及凸部的配置對應的圖案的光罩，利用光 阻等進行圖案加工，並在該狀態下施以蝕刻處理形成如第4 B 圖所示凹凸面1 1。 然後’如第4 C圖所示’當以均勻膜厚順序分別在透明 層10的凹凸面11上層疊形成透明電極12，在透明電極12 上形成有機發光層13'再於有機發光層13上層疊形成反射 性電極14時’此等透明電極12、有機發光層13及反射性 電極1 4係分別沿著接合於透明層1 0側的層的表面以具有 凹凸的方式所形成。各層形成均勻的膜厚，因此分別形成 對應透明層10的凹凸面11的彎曲形狀。如此般構成後即 可製造第1圖所示有機EL裝置C。 又’也可不採用如該的蝕刻處理方法，改由藉由光微 影術而使用半曝光與聚焦偏移以形成中間層的方法。亦即 ，可將光阻作爲中間層。 又’透明層1 〇的凹凸面11係由蝕刻處理.形成，但也 可取代於此方法，而改由依據砂磨處理的表面處理等來形 成。 另外’也可將預先於表面形成凹凸形狀的透明樹脂等 組成的薄片黏貼於透明基板9上以作爲中間層。也可不在 形成於透明基板9上之均勻厚度的透明層1〇的表面形成凹 -15- 200428103 凸’而是首先僅在欲形成透明基板9上之凸部處形成透明 膜後’再於透明膜及透明基板9的全面上形成透明膜以獲 得凹凸面。 另外’液晶面板A及有機EL裝置C的各層的材料、 各層的形成方法等，可使用公知材料及形成方法。例如， 有機EL裝置C的透明基板9可由對可視光呈現透明或半透 明性的材料來形成，其除玻璃以外還可使用滿足此等條件 的樹脂。透明電極12可爲具有作爲電極的機能且至少對可 視光呈現透明或半透明性者，例如，可採用IT0作爲其材 料。有機發光層13的材料係至少含有Alq3或DCM等的公 知有機發光材料。另外，在電極間還可適宜形成電子輸送 層或電洞輸送層等的公知有機EL裝置所採用的一或複數層 ’各層係由公知材料適宜形成。反射性電極1 4可爲具有作 爲電極的機能且至少對可視光呈現反射性者，例如，可採 用Λ1、Cr、Mo、A1合金' Al/Mo層疊體等。各層可由真空 蒸鍍法等的公知薄膜形成法形成。 (實施形態2) 第5圖顯示實施形態2之有機EL裝置的剖面。本實施 形態2之有機EL裝置D，係爲於實施形態1之有機EL裝 置C的透明基板9的光射出面9a上配置一片稜鏡片21。 在此，如第6圖所示，棱鏡片21具有相互平行形成的複數 線狀凸部2 1 a。各個線狀凸部2〗a係削尖爲剖面三角形狀， 藉由將該稜鏡片21配置於透明基板9的光射出面9a上， 對應線狀凸部2 1 a的形狀（對剖面三角形的光射出面9a的 -16- 200428103 角度）或稜鏡片2 1的折射率’將從光射出面9a射出的光的 方向折射。例如，若使用將入射角5 0度前後的光朝光射出 面9a的法線方向折射的稜鏡片，則可提高具有第3圖所示 射出特性的有機EL裝置的光射出面9a的法線方向的亮度 ，以使其亮度較其他方向的亮度高。 另外，如第7圖所示有機EL裝置E般，也可在透明 基板9的光射出面9a上重疊配置2片稜鏡片21。該情況， 如第8圖所示，2片的稜鏡片21係以各自的線狀凸部2 1 a 的延長方向相互交叉的方式配置。藉此，可將更多的光作 爲光射出面9 a的法線方向的光。 在此，經測定本實施形態2之有機EL裝置D(有機EL 裝置C+ —片稜鏡片）及有機EL裝置E(有機EL裝置C+2 片稜鏡片）的對有機EL裝置C的正面亮度的上升率；以及 在第13圖所示習知有機EL裝置B之透明基板5之射出面 上配置一片稜鏡片21者（有機EL裝置B + —片稜鏡片）及 配置2片稜鏡片21者（有機EL裝置B+2片稜鏡片）的對有 機EL裝置B的正面亮度的上升率，可獲得如第9圖所示結 果。 習知有機EL裝置B之亮度上升率，在稜鏡片21爲一 片時是1 . 1 7倍，而爲2片時則成爲1 · 2 8倍。相對於此，有 機EL裝置C的亮度上升率’在稜鏡片21爲一片時（有機 EL裝置D)是I.4倍’而爲2片時（有機EL裝置E)則成爲1 .66 倍。也就是說’有機EL裝置C較習知有機EL裝置B，其 依據配置稜鏡片21之正面亮度上升率增大。這可以歸根爲 -17- 200428103 如下的原因，即如該般與習知有機EL裝置B比較，因爲在 有機EL裝置C中增加了朝斜方向的光的射出，且該朝斜方 向射出的光係由稜鏡片21的線狀凸部21a所集光，而因此 增加了朝射出面之垂直方向射出的射出光量的緣故。另外 ，在有機EL裝置B及有機EL裝置C的任一情況，均爲配 置2片稜鏡片21者較配置一片稜鏡片21者’提高正面亮 度上升率。這可以歸根爲如下的原因’即在如第6圖所示 相互平行地形成複數線狀凸部21a的稜鏡片21中，僅於各 線狀凸部2 1 a的寬幅方向產生集光機能，因此藉由以相互 φ 之線狀凸部21a的延長方向交叉的方式配置2片稜鏡片21 ，便在2片稜鏡片21之線狀凸部21a的各自寬幅方向產生 集光機能，其結果，較使用一片稜鏡片21時可增大其正面 亮度上升率的緣故。 另外，經測定未配置稜鏡片2 1的情況（有機EL裝置C) 及將稜鏡片21配置於有機EL裝置C的光射出面9a上的情 況（有機EL裝置D)之以光射出面9a的法線爲基準的各射 出方向的色度座標X及y的變化，可獲得如第1 〇圖及第11 〇 圖所示結果。 從此等結果可知，即使在未配置稜鏡片21的情況（有 機EL裝置C)，各射出方向的色度座標X及y的變化量仍 十分小，且與習知有機EL裝置比較，其色度特性優越。如 此般具有優越色度特性，可以認爲是因爲有機EL裝置C具 備凹凸面，因此與習知有機EL裝置比較，可較以往更多地 取出臨界角小之波長的光的緣故。 -18- 200428103 另外，可知若將稜鏡片21配置於有機EL裝置C的光 射出面9a上（有機EL裝置D)，則各射出方向的色度座標X 及y的變化量變得更小，且其色度可進一步達成均勻化。 若交叉且重疊配置2片稜鏡片21，則可獲得更爲均勻色度 的光。 如此般，有機EL裝置D及有機EL裝置E，與習知有 機EL裝置比較，其色度特性優越，並且，藉由在有機EL 裝置C的透明基板9的光射出面9a上配置一片及2片稜鏡 片21，利用從有機EL裝置C朝斜方向射出的光，可提高 φ 正面亮度，同時，可獲得色度的均勻化。 又，與實施形態1之有機EL裝置C相同可分別將本 實施形態2之有機EL裝置D及有機EL裝置E用作爲液晶 顯示裝置的背光元件。 另外，也可取代具有相互平行形成的線狀凸部21a的 稜鏡片21(亮度提升薄膜），而改由使用在表面形成有格子 狀凸部或V字槽的稜鏡片或形成有同心圓狀凸部的稜鏡片 等各種稜鏡片。 〇 又，該實施形態1及2中，係在透明層10的凹凸面1 1 上不規則地形成有凹部與凸部，但是，也可爲有規則地形 成複數凹部與凸部的凹凸面。只是不規則之凹凸面1 1者， 其在反射性電極14上也不規則地形成有凹凸，其結果，依 透明電極12之折射光及反射性電極14上之反射光向各種 方向散射，而可獲得更高的散射效果。另外，若形成不規 則的凹凸，可提高取出從有機發光層13向各種方向行進的 _ 1 9 一 200428103 光的確率。 另外，第1圖中，係在透明層ίο之全面交錯且連續形 成複數凹部與凸部，但也可僅在透明層10之表面一部分形 成凹凸。藉此，在透明電極12、有機發光層13及反射性電 極14之各層，也於其表面一部分形成凹凸，可獲得光的散 射效果等與該相同的效果。又，也可不形成複數凹凸，而 只是形成一個凹凸、亦即各一個的凹部及凸部。另外，也 可在平面狀透明層10之面上僅形成凹部或僅形成凸部，並 沿該面順序形成透明電極1 2、有機發光層1 3及反射性電極 φ I4，也可獲得光的散射效果等與該相同的效果。 在此’如第12圖所示，在具有彎曲形狀之有機發光層 13的凹部13a所發出的光中，朝透明電極12之方向發出的 光L5的大部分’以其原來狀態從有機發光層13透過透明 電極1 2、透明層1 0及透明基板9而從射出面射出，朝反射 性電極1 4之方向發出的光L6也由反射性電極1 4反射後， 透過透明電極12、透明層10及透明基板9而從射出面射出 。另外，從有機發光層13的凹部lh平行於透朋基板9之 鲁 射出面所發出的光L7，也由反射性電極14反射後，透過 透明電極1 2、透明層1 0及透明基板9而從射出面射出。 相對於此，因爲在有機發光層13的凸部13b中，其與 透明電極1 2之交界面處於呈現包覆狀態的位置，因此，例 如即使在該凸部1 3b發光，與從凹部1 3a發光的情況比較 ，在與透明電極12之交界面反射而被堵入有機發光層13 內的光仍增多。也就是說，要效率良好地將從隆起於射出 200428103 面的有機發光層13的凸部13b所發出的光取出，有困難。 在此’若對有機發光層13表面全面增大取光效率高的 凹部的佔有面積，即可提高全體的取光效率。如此般，最 好在透明層10之表面形成凹凸面11，且該凹凸面11係以 增大有機發光層13的凹部的佔有面積的方式形成。又，藉 由凹部的集光特性，可提高特定方向的亮度。 相同地，藉由調整形成於透明層1 0之表面的凹凸的形 狀、個數、大小、間隔等，即可改變散射效果的程度及取 光效率。 φ .又，該實施形態1及2中，形成在透明層1 0的凹凸面 11上的透明電極12、有機發光層13及反射性電極14的各 層分別具有凹凸，但只要在各層中的至少一層具有凹凸， 即可在該層的交界面產生散射。只是在反射性電極14上也 形成凹凸，在由反射性電極1 4散射性反射後，在其他層的 交界面朝各種方向折射，因此可獲得更大的散射效果。 又，該實施形態1及2中，透明電極12、有機發光層 13及反射性電極14的各層分別形成與透明層1〇的凹凸面 0 11大致平行且具有均勻膜厚的形狀，但可不在各層具有相 同的形狀，也可根據各層的情況將凹部形成爲較凸部厚的 形狀或將凸部形成爲較凹部厚的形狀。若如此構成的話， 各層變爲相互不同的形狀，在其各個交界面的折射方向也 各異，因此可提高散射效果。 另外，該實施形態1及2中，說明了在透明基板9上 順序層疊透明層10、透明電極12、有機發光層13及反射 -2 1- 200428103 性電極14’且由有機發光層13所發出的光透過透明電極I〗 、透明層10及透明基板9射出的底部發光型的有機El裝 置’但是本發明並不侷限於此，其也可適用於在基板上順 序層疊中間層、反射性電極、有機發光層及透明電極，且 由有機發光層所發出的光透過與基板相反側的透明電極射 出的頂部發光型的有機EL裝置。該情況，反射性電極及透 明電極分別成爲本發明之第1電極層及第2電極層，基板 對可視光呈透明或不透明均可。與接合透明電極之有機發 光層的面相反側的面成爲光的射出面，若於該射出面上配 馨 置稜鏡片，即可與該實施形態2相同，提高正面亮度。又 ，此時還可在射出面上形成氧化膜及氮化膜等組成的保護 膜’在該保護膜上配置稜鏡片。 又’中間層可直接形成於基板上，但也可介由其他層 形成於基板上。 另外，以上說明了有機EL裝置，但本發明同樣還可適 用於無機裝置。 如該說明，根據本發明，可提供可避免伴隨擴散板之 · 使用的光哀減，同時.，構造簡單且充分使光散射而可進行 均勻照明的EL裝置。 根據本發明，可提供發光量高的EL裝置。 根據本發明，可提供取光效率高的EL裝置。 根據本發明，可提供特定方向之亮度高高的EL裝置。 根據本發明，可提供依射出方向之色度差異少的EL裝 置。 -22- 200428103 根據本發明，可提供可獲得如此之EL裝置的EL裝置 之製造方法以及使用有EL裝置之液晶顯示裝置。 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖爲顯示本發明之實施形態1的液晶顯示裝置的 構成的剖面圖。 第2圖爲顯示實施形態1之有機EL裝置的光反射及散 射的狀況圖。 第3圖爲顯示實施形態1之有機EL裝置的視野角特性 的曲線圖。 第4A圖、第4B圖及第4C圖爲分別顯示實施形態1 之有機EL裝置的製造方法的步驟順序的剖面圖。 第5圖爲顯示本發明之實施形態2的有機EL裝置的剖 面圖。 第6圖爲顯示實施形態2之一片稜鏡片的放大立體圖 〇 第7圖爲顯示實施形態2之變化例的有機EL裝置的剖 面圖。 第8圖爲顯示實施形態2之變化例所使用的2片稜鏡 片的放大立體圖。 第9圖爲顯示實施形態2之有機EL裝置的正面亮度的 上升率的曲線圖。 第1〇圖及第11圖爲分別顯示實施形態2之有機EL裝 置的依據射出角度的色度座標X及y的變化量的曲線圖。 第12圖爲顯示從實施形態1之有機發光層的凹部及凸 200428103 部所發出的光的狀況圖。 第1 3圖爲 (元件符號說1 明 A 液 晶 B 有 機 C 有 機 D 有 機 E 有 機 L 1 外 部 L2 光 L3 光 L4 光 L5 光 L6 光 L7 光 1 透 明 2 玻 璃 3 液 晶 4 偏 光 5 透 明 7 平 坦 8 反 射 9 透 明 9a 射 出 顯示習知液晶顯200428103 发明 Description of the invention: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to an EL (Electroluminescence) device, and particularly to an EL device used as a backlight element of a liquid crystal display device. The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such an EL device and a liquid crystal display device using the EL device. [Prior Art] Conventionally, EL devices such as inorganic EL devices and organic EL devices have been used as displays or lighting devices. For example, in an EL device used as a lighting device, as shown in Fig. 13, an organic EL device B is disposed behind the liquid crystal panel A as a backlight to constitute a liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal panel A includes a pair of glass substrates 2 which are arranged in parallel with each other. At the same time, transparent electrodes 1 are formed on mutually facing surfaces. A pair of glass substrates 2 are sealed between the pair of glass substrates 2. Liquid crystal to form a liquid crystal layer 3. Polarizing plates 4 are arranged on the outer sides of the pair of glass substrates 2 respectively. The organic EL device B includes a transparent substrate 5 on which a transparent electrode 6, an organic light-emitting layer 7, and a reflective electrode 8 are formed in this order. The light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 7 of the organic EL device B passes through the transparent electrode 6 and the transparent substrate 5 as illumination light, and is incident from the organic EL device B to the back of the liquid crystal panel A, and responds to the display of the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 3. The light is emitted from the front of the liquid crystal panel A for display. In this liquid crystal display device, the organic light-emitting layer 7 of the organic EL device B can be made to illuminate in the case of dark surroundings at night and the like. However, when the surroundings are sufficiently bright in the daytime and the like, it can be taken from the front of the liquid crystal panel A. IN-6 2) 0428103 External light 'is reflected by the reflective substrate 8 of the organic EL device B and used as illumination light. However, in this liquid crystal display device, the surface of the reflective substrate 8 of the organic EL device β has a smooth surface and reflects the incident external light in a specular manner. Therefore, the intensity of the reflected light in a specific direction in response to the direction of the external light becomes stronger. 'Not only the illumination becomes uneven, but also the viewing angle of the liquid crystal panel A is narrowed. Here, for example, in the liquid crystal display device disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 9_5 003 1, a diffuser plate is disposed between the liquid crystal panel and the organic EL device, and the diffuser plate is used to allow illumination light from the organic EL device to be emitted. Scattering for uniform illumination 'simultaneously' attempts to enlarge the viewing angle of the liquid crystal panel A. -However, since the diffuser plate is independently arranged between the liquid crystal panel and the organic EL device, the number of parts increases, and the overall structure of the liquid crystal display device becomes complicated. EL devices also require the following characteristics. • Increase brightness (enhance the amount of luminous light, improve the efficiency of light extraction), that is, it is required to increase the amount of luminous per unit area, or increase the amount of light that can be taken from the device to the outside. In particular, in the EL device of the bottom emission type shown in FIG. 13 that emits light emitted from the light-emitting layer to the outside through a substrate (transparent substrate), the amount of light that can be emitted from the substrate to the outside is limited. • Increasing the directional characteristics of the emitted light (improving light utilization efficiency) That is, it is also required to increase the amount of light emitted from the EL device in a specific direction. For example, the organic EL device B shown in FIG. 13 requires a large amount of light incident on the polarizing plate 4 of the liquid crystal panel -7-2 ^ 0428103 A at an incident angle of 0 degrees. This is because light that is not incident on the liquid crystal panel A or cannot be emitted even when incident on the liquid crystal panel A is not used as light for a liquid crystal display device. • Improve the chromaticity characteristics of the emitted light. That is, it is required to provide an EL device having substantially no difference in the chromaticity of the emitted light. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such problems and requirements. A first object of the present invention is to provide a structure that can avoid light attenuation accompanying the use of a diffusion plate, and has a simple structure and sufficient light scattering to enable uniform illumination. EL device. A second object of the present invention is to provide an EL device having a large amount of light. A third object of the present invention is to provide an EL device with high light extraction efficiency. A fourth object of the present invention is to provide an EL device with high brightness in a specific direction. A fifth object of the present invention is to provide an EL device having a small chromaticity difference in the emission direction. In addition, an object of the present invention is to provide a manufacturing method of an EL device capable of obtaining such an EL device and a liquid crystal display device using the EL device. The EL device of the present invention includes a substrate; an intermediate layer is formed on the substrate, The surface on the opposite side to the surface bonded to the substrate has a surface on which unevenness is formed; the first electrode layer is formed on the intermediate layer; the light-emitting layer is formed on the first electrode layer; and the second electrode layer is formed on On the light-emitting layer; where at least one layer formed on the uneven surface of the intermediate layer is formed along the surface of the layer connected to the intermediate layer on the side of -8-200428103. At least one layer may be formed from a substantially uniform film thickness. In addition, it is preferable that at least one layer has a curved shape corresponding to the uneven surface on which the intermediate layer is formed. At least one layer is used to have a curved shape so that unevenness is formed in a layer formed on the layer. Here, the curved shape includes a shape that is substantially parallel to the surface unevenness of the intermediate layer and has a uniform film thickness. The concave portion has a thicker shape than the convex portion, and the convex portion has a thicker shape than the concave portion. Preferably, the light emitting layer has a curved shape corresponding to the uneven surface of the intermediate layer. Preferably, among the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer formed on both sides of the light-emitting layer, based on the light-emitting layer, a reflective electrode is used to constitute an electrode layer provided on the opposite side of the light-extracting side, and a transparent electrode is used to form another An electrode layer. The reflective electrode preferably has a curved shape corresponding to the uneven surface of the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer is formed by a photoresist or a thin sheet pasted on a substrate while forming an uneven shape on the surface in advance. In addition, it is preferable that the uneven surface of the substrate is an uneven surface in which concave portions and convex portions are irregularly formed. In addition, it is preferable to arrange a cymbal at a position closer to the light extraction side than the light emitting layer. The cymbal may be a sheet having a plurality of linear protrusions arranged in parallel to each other, and each linear protrusion may be sharpened into a triangular shape in cross section. In this case, it is preferable that the two cymbals are formed by respective linear protrusions. The extension directions overlap each other in such a way that they intersect each other. The manufacturing method of the EL device of the present invention is to form an intermediate layer on the substrate with an uneven surface formed on the surface, and form a first electrode layer on the intermediate layer. '-9-200428103 A light-emitting layer is formed on the first electrode layer to emit light. A method in which a second electrode layer is formed on a layer, and at least one layer formed on the uneven surface of the intermediate layer is formed along the surface of the layer bonded to the intermediate layer side. In addition, in the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer, based on the light-emitting layer, a reflective electrode constitutes an electrode layer provided on the opposite side to its light-receiving side, and a transparent electrode constitutes another electrode layer. The surface of the reflective electrode is provided with a curved shape corresponding to the uneven surface of the intermediate layer, and light is scattered and reflected by the surface of the reflective electrode. In addition, at least one layer may contain a light emitting layer. The liquid crystal display device of the present invention is a user of the EL device of the present invention as a backlight element. [Embodiment] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. (Embodiment 1) Figure 1 shows a cross section of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 1. This liquid crystal display device is composed of a liquid crystal panel A and an organic EL device C as a backlight element disposed behind the liquid crystal panel A. The liquid crystal panel A includes a pair of glass substrates 2 which are arranged in parallel with each other. At the same time, transparent electrodes 1 are formed on mutually facing surfaces. A pair of glass substrates 2 are sealed between the pair of glass substrates 2. Liquid crystal to form a liquid crystal layer 3. Polarizing plates 4 are arranged on the outer sides of the pair of glass substrates 2, respectively. On the other hand, the organic EL device C has a flat transparent substrate 9 ', and a transparent layer 10 constituting the intermediate layer of the present invention is formed on the transparent substrate 9. This transparent layer 10 is formed with an irregular topography on a surface opposite to the transparent substrate 9-10101200428103 An uneven surface 11 having a concave portion and a convex portion is formed. A transparent electrode 12 is formed on the uneven surface 11 of the transparent layer 10, an organic light emitting layer 13 is formed on the surface of the transparent electrode 12, and a reflective electrode 14 is formed on the surface of the organic light emitting layer 13. Therefore, the transparent electrode 12, the organic light emitting layer 13, and the reflective electrode 14 each have unevenness. These transparent electrodes 12, the organic light emitting layer 13, and the reflective electrode 14 each have a uniform film thickness, and thus have a curved shape corresponding to the uneven surface 11 of the transparent layer 10. The transparent electrode 12 and the reflective electrode 14 respectively constitute a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer of the present invention. In this organic EL device C, the main surface on the liquid crystal panel A side of the transparent substrate 9 serves as a light exit surface 9a. That is, the transparent electrode 12, the transparent layer 10, and the transparent substrate 9 are provided on the light extraction side with reference to the organic light emitting layer 13 as a layer, and are transparent layers for light (generally visible light) emitted toward the outside of the EL device C. The reflective electrode 14 is a layer provided on the opposite side to the light extraction side based on the organic light emitting layer 13. In this liquid crystal display device, the organic light emitting layer 13 of the organic EL device C is allowed to emit light and used as illumination light. However, in the case where the surroundings are sufficiently bright in the daytime or the like, the reflective electrode 14 may be transmitted through the liquid crystal panel A and incident on The external light in the organic EL device C is reflected and used as illumination light. These illumination lights are incident on the rear face of the liquid crystal panel A, and display light is emitted from the front face of the liquid crystal panel A in response to the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 3 for display. Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the external light L1 incident on the transparent substrate 9 of the organic EL device C and transmitted through the substrate 9 is transmitted through the transparent layer 10, the transparent electrode 12, and the organic light-emitting layer 13 and reflected. The reflective electrode 14 is reflected. At this time, since the reflective electrode 14 has a curved shape, the external light L1 is scattered here and reflected at various angles. These reflected lights are scattered again due to the difference in refractive index when passing through the interface between the organic light-emitting layer 13 and the transparent electrode 12 and the uneven surface π of the transparent layer 10, and when passing through the interface between the transparent layer 10 and the transparent substrate 9. After refraction occurs due to a difference in refractive index, the light is emitted from the emitting surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 in the direction of the liquid crystal panel A. This makes it possible to obtain uniform illumination light and prevent specular reflection as in the past. The scattered light is emitted from the front of the liquid crystal panel A at various angles, thereby ensuring a wide viewing angle of the liquid crystal panel A. In addition, since the "reflective electrode 14 has a curved shape corresponding to the uneven surface u", the reflection image of the reflective electrode 14 is also diffusely reflected. Therefore, it is difficult to recognize a so-called double image in which the image represented by the liquid crystal panel A and the reflection image of the reflective electrode are regarded as a double image, as in the past. This eliminates the need to use a separate diffusion plate as in the past, and therefore, it is possible to eliminate the exhaustion of the emitted light when passing through the diffusion plate. On the other hand, the light L2 emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 13 of the organic EL device C occurs due to the refractive index difference when passing through the interface between the organic light-emitting layer 13 and the transparent electrode 12 and the uneven surface 11 of the transparent layer 10. Scattering is refracted due to the difference in refractive index when passing through the interface between the transparent layer 10 and the transparent substrate 9, and then emitted from the exit surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 toward the liquid crystal panel A. Thereby, a state in which a part of the light which cannot be emitted from the middle of the layer to the outside in the flat light-emitting layer as in the past can be emitted. In addition, since the organic light-emitting layer 13 has a curved shape, the light L3 emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 13 substantially parallel to the transparent substrate 9 is reflected by the reflective electrode 14 and the reflected light also has Light emitted from the emitting surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 toward the liquid crystal panel A through the organic-12-200428103 light-emitting layer 13, the transparent electrode 12, and the transparent layer 10. Also, the light L4 that is totally reflected at the point P of the emitting surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 among the light emitted from the organic light emitting layer 13 reaches the reflective electrode 14 through the transparent layer 10, the transparent electrode 12, and the organic light emitting layer 13, At the same time, it is reflected by the reflective electrode 14, but since the reflective electrode 14 has unevenness, the angle of the reflective electrode 14 with respect to the exit surface 9 a of the transparent substrate 9 changes during reflection. As a result, the light L4, which is totally reflected by the emission surface 9a and returns to the organic EL device C, eventually becomes easier to be emitted from the emission surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 toward the liquid crystal panel A. As such, the reflected light of the light L3 emitted substantially parallel to the transparent substrate 9 or the reflected light of the light L4 totally reflected by the exit surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 can be used as the illumination light, thereby providing high light extraction efficiency. Organic EL device. In addition, by selecting the shape of the unevenness, the unevenness formed on the transparent layer 10, the transparent electrode 12, the organic light emitting layer 13, and the reflective electrode 14 can have a light-collecting function such as a microlens. In this organic EL device C, since the transparent layer 10 having the uneven surface 11 is individually formed on the transparent electrode 9, a flat plate-like transparent substrate that has already been manufactured can be used. In addition, the degree of freedom in selecting the material of the transparent layer 10 is free. Increase. Therefore, by appropriately selecting the material of the transparent layer 10 that makes the refractive index difference from the transparent substrate 9 or the refractive index difference from the transparent electrode 12 and the like into a predetermined value, it is possible to easily obtain desired scattering characteristics on the uneven surface 11, At the same time, the degree of the scattering effect can be freely changed. In addition, by selecting the material of the transparent layer 10 which is easy to process and form the uneven surface 11 -13 " 200428103, the el device of the present invention can be manufactured with excellent yield. Here, Fig. 3 shows the luminance characteristics with respect to the viewing angle when the organic EL device c of the first embodiment and the conventional organic EL device B shown in Fig. 13 emit light, respectively. In this graph, the magnitude of the brightness is represented by the ratio to the brightness in the normal direction of the light exit surface of the conventional organic EL device B as a reference. In addition, each organic EL device is made of the same material, the same film thickness, and the same manufacturing method except that the transparent layer 10 having the uneven surface 11 is provided on the transparent substrate 9 of the organic EL device C. As can be seen from the graph, the organic EL device C of the first embodiment has a higher brightness over the entire wide viewing angle and a larger viewing angle than the conventional organic EL device B. Of the light emitted from the flat organic light-emitting layer 7 of the conventional organic EL device B, the light incident on the front surface of the transparent substrate 5 at a critical angle or more, that is, the exit surface, is repeatedly reflected between the exit surface and the reflective electrode 8 Since it is easily blocked in the organic EL device B, the light emission amount decreases as the viewing angle increases. On the other hand, among the light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 13 of the organic EL device C of Embodiment 1, the light incident on the exit surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 at a critical angle or more is totally reflected by the exit surface 9a. As reflected by the reflective electrode 14 having a curved shape as described above, the angle of the reflective electrode 14 with respect to the emitting surface 9a changes and it is still easy to emit from the organic EL device C. Therefore, the overall brightness is expected to increase, especially toward the The amount of light emitted in the oblique direction also increases. It can also be seen that the brightness of the organic EL device C in a specific direction (angle before and after 50 degrees based on the normal direction of the light emission surface) is increased. In addition, this special -14- 200428103 \ direction can be changed by appropriately adjusting the shape of the concave / convex. Next, a method for manufacturing the organic EL device C will be described. As shown in FIG. 4A, a transparent layer 10 having a predetermined film thickness is formed on the surface of the flat transparent substrate 9. On the surface of the transparent layer 10, a photomask is used for patterning using a photomask having a pattern corresponding to the arrangement of the concave and convex portions to be formed by etching, and an etching process is performed in this state. The uneven surface 11 is formed as shown in FIG. 4B. Then, as shown in FIG. 4C, when the transparent electrode 12 is laminated on the uneven surface 11 of the transparent layer 10 in order of uniform film thickness, an organic light-emitting layer 13 is formed on the transparent electrode 12, and then on the organic light-emitting layer 13. When the reflective electrode 14 is formed by lamination, the transparent electrodes 12, the organic light emitting layer 13, and the reflective electrode 14 are formed along the surface of the layer bonded to the transparent layer 10 side so as to have unevenness. Each layer has a uniform film thickness, and thus each has a curved shape corresponding to the uneven surface 11 of the transparent layer 10. With this structure, the organic EL device C shown in Fig. 1 can be manufactured. It is also possible to use a half-exposure and focus shifting method to form an intermediate layer by using photolithography instead of the etching method as described above. That is, a photoresist can be used as an intermediate layer. The uneven surface 11 of the 'transparent layer 10' is formed by an etching process. However, instead of this method, it may be formed by a surface treatment such as a sanding process. Alternatively, a sheet made of a transparent resin or the like having an uneven shape formed in advance on the surface may be adhered to the transparent substrate 9 as an intermediate layer. It is not necessary to form a concave -15-200428103 convex on the surface of the transparent layer 10 having a uniform thickness formed on the transparent substrate 9; instead, a transparent film is formed only on the convex portion of the transparent substrate 9 to be formed, and then it is transparent. A transparent film is formed on the entire surface of the film and the transparent substrate 9 to obtain an uneven surface. As the material of each layer of the liquid crystal panel A and the organic EL device C, and a method of forming each layer, known materials and formation methods can be used. For example, the transparent substrate 9 of the organic EL device C may be formed of a material that is transparent or translucent to visible light, and a resin that satisfies these conditions may be used in addition to glass. The transparent electrode 12 may have a function as an electrode and at least be transparent or translucent to visible light. For example, ITO may be used as a material. The material of the organic light emitting layer 13 is a known organic light emitting material containing at least Alq3 or DCM. In addition, one or a plurality of layers used in a known organic EL device, such as an electron transporting layer or a hole transporting layer, may be suitably formed between the electrodes. Each layer is suitably formed of a known material. The reflective electrode 14 may have a function as an electrode and is at least reflective to visible light. For example, Λ1, Cr, Mo, and an Al alloy alloy such as Al / Mo may be used. Each layer can be formed by a known thin film forming method such as a vacuum evaporation method. (Embodiment 2) Figure 5 shows a cross section of an organic EL device according to Embodiment 2. The organic EL device D according to the second embodiment is a sheet 21 arranged on the light exit surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 of the organic EL device C according to the first embodiment. Here, as shown in Fig. 6, the prism sheet 21 has a plurality of linear convex portions 2a formed in parallel with each other. Each of the linear convex portions 2a is sharpened to have a triangular shape in a cross section, and by arranging the cymbal 21 on the light exit surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9, the shape corresponding to the linear convex portion 2a (for a triangular cross section) The angle of -16-200428103 of the light exit surface 9a) or the refractive index 'of the diaphragm 21 is refracted in the direction of the light emitted from the light exit surface 9a. For example, if a cymbal is used which refracts light before and after the incident angle of 50 degrees toward the normal direction of the light exit surface 9a, the normal of the light exit surface 9a of the organic EL device having the emission characteristics shown in FIG. 3 can be increased. The brightness in one direction, so that its brightness is higher than the brightness in other directions. In addition, as in the organic EL device E shown in Fig. 7, two cymbals 21 may be arranged on the light emitting surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 so as to overlap. In this case, as shown in FIG. 8, the two cymbals 21 are arranged so that the extension directions of the respective linear convex portions 2 1 a intersect each other. Thereby, more light can be used as light in the normal direction of the light exit surface 9a. Here, the frontal brightness of the organic EL device D (organic EL device C +-cymbal) and organic EL device E (organic EL device C + 2 cymbal) of the second embodiment is measured. Rise rate; and one cymbal 21 (organic EL device B +-cymbal) and two cymbals 21 (on the emitting surface of the transparent substrate 5 of the conventional organic EL device B shown in FIG. 13) The organic EL device B + 2 cymbals) was used to increase the front luminance of the organic EL device B, and the results shown in FIG. 9 were obtained. The brightness increase rate of the conventional organic EL device B is 1. 17 times when the diaphragm 21 is one, and it is 1. 2 8 times when it is two. In contrast, the organic EL device C has a brightness increase rate ′ when the diaphragm 21 is one (organic EL device D) is 1.4 times, and when it is two (organic EL device E), it is 1.66 times. That is to say, the 'organic EL device C has a higher increase rate of the front luminance according to the arrangement of the cymbal 21 than the conventional organic EL device B. This can be attributed to -17-200428103 as compared with the conventional organic EL device B as it is, because the organic EL device C has increased the emission of light in an oblique direction, and the light emitted in an oblique direction The light is collected by the linear convex portions 21a of the cymbal 21, and therefore, the amount of light emitted in a direction perpendicular to the emission surface is increased. In addition, in either case of the organic EL device B and the organic EL device C, the arrangement of two cymbals 21 increased the front luminance increase rate compared to the case of one cymbal 21 '. This can be attributed to the cause 'that is, in the cymbal 21 in which a plurality of linear convex portions 21a are formed in parallel with each other as shown in FIG. 6, the light collecting function is generated only in the wide direction of each linear convex portion 2a, Therefore, by arranging the two cymbals 21 in such a way that the extending directions of the linear convex portions 21a of φ intersect with each other, the light collecting function is generated in the wide direction of each of the linear convex portions 21a of the two cymbals 21. Compared with the case of using a cymbal 21, the rate of increase in frontal brightness can be increased. In addition, the case where the diaphragm 21 is not disposed (organic EL device C) and the case where the diaphragm 21 is disposed on the light emitting surface 9a of the organic EL device C (organic EL device D) are measured. Changes in the chromaticity coordinates X and y in each emission direction based on the normal line can be obtained as shown in Figs. 10 and 11. From these results, it can be seen that even when the cymbal 21 is not provided (organic EL device C), the changes in the chromaticity coordinates X and y in each emission direction are still very small, and the chromaticity is compared with the conventional organic EL device. Superior characteristics. Such excellent chromaticity characteristics are considered to be because the organic EL device C has a concave-convex surface, and therefore it is possible to take out light having a wavelength with a smaller critical angle than conventional organic EL devices. -18- 200428103 In addition, it can be seen that if the cymbal 21 is arranged on the light emitting surface 9a of the organic EL device C (organic EL device D), the amount of change in the chromaticity coordinates X and y in each emitting direction becomes smaller, and Its chromaticity can be further homogenized. If the two cymbals 21 are arranged in a crosswise and overlapping manner, light with a more uniform chromaticity can be obtained. In this way, the organic EL device D and the organic EL device E have superior chromaticity characteristics compared with the conventional organic EL device, and further, one and two are arranged on the light emitting surface 9a of the transparent substrate 9 of the organic EL device C. The diaphragm 21 uses the light emitted from the organic EL device C in an oblique direction to increase the φ frontal brightness and achieve uniformity of chromaticity. Also, the organic EL device D and the organic EL device E of the second embodiment can be used as the backlight elements of a liquid crystal display device, similarly to the organic EL device C of the first embodiment. In addition, instead of the cymbal 21 (brightness-improving film) having linear convex portions 21a formed in parallel with each other, a cymbal having a grid-like convex portion or a V-shaped groove formed on the surface may be used or a concentric circle may be formed. Various cymbals such as the cymbals of the convex portion. In the first and second embodiments, the concave and convex portions are irregularly formed on the concave-convex surface 1 1 of the transparent layer 10. However, the concave-convex surface may be formed with a plurality of concave and convex portions formed regularly. Only the irregular uneven surface 11 is irregularly formed on the reflective electrode 14. As a result, the refracted light of the transparent electrode 12 and the reflected light on the reflective electrode 14 are scattered in various directions, and A higher scattering effect can be obtained. In addition, if irregular irregularities are formed, it is possible to improve the accuracy of taking out the light traveling from the organic light emitting layer 13 in various directions. In addition, in the first figure, a plurality of concave portions and convex portions are continuously formed on the entire surface of the transparent layer, and the concave and convex portions may be formed on only a part of the surface of the transparent layer 10. Thereby, unevenness is formed in a part of the surface of each of the transparent electrode 12, the organic light emitting layer 13, and the reflective electrode 14, and the same effects as the light scattering effect can be obtained. Further, instead of forming a plurality of irregularities, only one concave and convex portion, that is, one concave portion and one convex portion may be formed. In addition, only concave portions or only convex portions may be formed on the surface of the planar transparent layer 10, and a transparent electrode 1 2, an organic light emitting layer 13 and a reflective electrode φ I4 may be sequentially formed along the surface. Scattering effects and the like are the same effects. Here, as shown in FIG. 12, most of the light L5 emitted toward the transparent electrode 12 among the light emitted from the concave portion 13 a of the organic light-emitting layer 13 having a curved shape is from the organic light-emitting layer in its original state. 13 The transparent electrode 1 passes through the transparent electrode 1 2, the transparent layer 10, and the transparent substrate 9 and is emitted from the emitting surface. The light L6 emitted in the direction of the reflective electrode 14 is also reflected by the reflective electrode 14 and then passes through the transparent electrode 12 and the transparent layer. 10 and the transparent substrate 9 are emitted from the emitting surface. In addition, the light L7 emitted from the recessed portion lh of the organic light-emitting layer 13 parallel to the luminous emission surface of the transparent substrate 9 is also reflected by the reflective electrode 14 and then transmitted through the transparent electrode 1, 2, the transparent layer 10, and the transparent substrate 9. Shoot from the shooting surface. In contrast, in the convex portion 13b of the organic light-emitting layer 13, the interface between the convex portion 13b and the transparent electrode 12 is in a cladding state. Therefore, for example, even when the convex portion 13b emits light, it emits light from the concave portion 13a Compared with the case of light emission, the light reflected at the interface with the transparent electrode 12 and blocked in the organic light emitting layer 13 still increases. That is, it is difficult to efficiently extract light emitted from the convex portion 13b of the organic light-emitting layer 13 protruding from the 200428103 plane. Here, if the surface area of the organic light-emitting layer 13 is increased by the entire area of the recessed portion having high light extraction efficiency, the overall light extraction efficiency can be improved. As such, it is preferable that the uneven surface 11 is formed on the surface of the transparent layer 10, and the uneven surface 11 is formed so as to increase the occupied area of the concave portion of the organic light emitting layer 13. In addition, the light-collecting characteristic of the concave portion can improve the brightness in a specific direction. Similarly, by adjusting the shape, number, size, interval, etc. of the unevenness formed on the surface of the transparent layer 10, the degree of scattering effect and light extraction efficiency can be changed. φ. In the first and second embodiments, each of the transparent electrode 12, the organic light emitting layer 13, and the reflective electrode 14 formed on the uneven surface 11 of the transparent layer 10 has unevenness. A layer has concavities and convexities that cause scattering at the interface of the layer. Only the unevenness is also formed on the reflective electrode 14, and after being scattered by the reflective electrode 14, it is refracted in various directions at the interface of other layers, so that a larger scattering effect can be obtained. In the first and second embodiments, each of the transparent electrode 12, the organic light-emitting layer 13, and the reflective electrode 14 has a shape that is substantially parallel to the uneven surface 0 11 of the transparent layer 10 and has a uniform film thickness. Each layer has the same shape, and the concave portion may be formed into a thicker shape than the convex portion or the convex portion may be formed into a thicker shape than the concave portion according to the condition of each layer. With this configuration, the layers have different shapes from each other, and the directions of refraction at the respective interfaces are also different, so that the scattering effect can be improved. In addition, in Embodiments 1 and 2, the transparent layer 10, the transparent electrode 12, the organic light-emitting layer 13, and the reflective-2 1-200428103 sexual electrode 14 'are sequentially stacked on the transparent substrate 9 and emitted from the organic light-emitting layer 13. Bottom light-emitting organic EL device that emits light through the transparent electrode I, the transparent layer 10, and the transparent substrate 9, but the present invention is not limited to this, and it can also be applied to sequentially stacking an intermediate layer and a reflective electrode on a substrate. , An organic light-emitting layer, and a transparent electrode, and a top-emission type organic EL device in which light emitted from the organic light-emitting layer is transmitted through a transparent electrode on the opposite side of the substrate. In this case, the reflective electrode and the transparent electrode become the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the present invention, respectively, and the substrate may be transparent or opaque to visible light. The surface opposite to the surface of the organic light-emitting layer to which the transparent electrode is bonded becomes the light emitting surface. If a cymbal is arranged on the emitting surface, the brightness can be increased in the same manner as in the second embodiment. In this case, a protective film 'composed of an oxide film, a nitride film, or the like may be formed on the emission surface, and a cymbal may be disposed on the protective film. The intermediate layer may be directly formed on the substrate, but may be formed on the substrate through another layer. Although the organic EL device has been described above, the present invention is also applicable to an inorganic device. As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an EL device that can avoid the diminution of light accompanying the use of a diffusion plate, and that has a simple structure and sufficiently diffuses light to allow uniform illumination. According to the present invention, an EL device having a high light emission amount can be provided. According to the present invention, an EL device having high light extraction efficiency can be provided. According to the present invention, an EL device with high brightness in a specific direction can be provided. According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an EL device having a small difference in chromaticity depending on the emission direction. -22- 200428103 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a manufacturing method of an EL device capable of obtaining such an EL device and a liquid crystal display device using the EL device. [Brief Description of the Drawings] Fig. 1 is a sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a diagram showing the state of light reflection and scattering of the organic EL device of the first embodiment. Fig. 3 is a graph showing a viewing angle characteristic of the organic EL device of the first embodiment. FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, and FIG. 4C are cross-sectional views each showing a step sequence of a method for manufacturing the organic EL device according to the first embodiment. Fig. 5 is a sectional view showing an organic EL device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is an enlarged perspective view showing a septum of the second embodiment. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an organic EL device showing a modification of the second embodiment. Fig. 8 is an enlarged perspective view showing two cymbals used in a modification of the second embodiment. Fig. 9 is a graph showing a rate of increase in front luminance of the organic EL device of the second embodiment. Figures 10 and 11 are graphs showing changes in the chromaticity coordinates X and y according to the emission angle of the organic EL device of the second embodiment, respectively. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a state of light emitted from the concave portion and the convex portion of the organic light emitting layer in the first embodiment. The 1st and 3rd pictures are as follows: (Element symbol description 1 A liquid crystal B organic C organic D organic E organic L 1 external L2 light L3 light L4 light L5 light L6 light L7 light 1 transparent 2 glass 3 liquid crystal 4 polarized light 5 transparent 7 flat 8 reflection 9 transparent 9a LCD display conventional LCD display
I 面板 EL裝置 EL裝置 EL裝置 EL裝置 光 電極 基板1 層 板 基板 有機發光層 性電極 基板 面 裝置的構成的 面圖。I panel EL device EL device EL device EL device Photoelectrode substrate 1 layer substrate Substrate organic light-emitting layer electrode substrate Surface view of the structure of the device.
-2 4 200428103-2 4 200428103
10 透明層 11 凹凸面 12 透明電極 13 有機發光層 13a 凹部 13b 凸部 14 反射性電極 2 1 稜鏡片 2 1a 線狀凸部10 Transparent layer 11 Concavo-convex surface 12 Transparent electrode 13 Organic light-emitting layer 13a Concave portion 13b Convex portion 14 Reflective electrode 2 1 Diaphragm 2 1a Linear convex portion
-25--25-