TW200427634A - Fluid deionization system - Google Patents
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- TW200427634A TW200427634A TW092129801A TW92129801A TW200427634A TW 200427634 A TW200427634 A TW 200427634A TW 092129801 A TW092129801 A TW 092129801A TW 92129801 A TW92129801 A TW 92129801A TW 200427634 A TW200427634 A TW 200427634A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/469—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrochemical separation, e.g. by electro-osmosis, electrodialysis, electrophoresis
- C02F1/4691—Capacitive deionisation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
- B01J47/026—Column or bed processes using columns or beds of different ion exchange materials in series
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J49/00—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor
- B01J49/05—Regeneration or reactivation of ion-exchangers; Apparatus therefor of fixed beds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4604—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/46—Apparatus for electrochemical processes
- C02F2201/461—Electrolysis apparatus
- C02F2201/46105—Details relating to the electrolytic devices
- C02F2201/4611—Fluid flow
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Description
玫、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領織】 本發明係有關一種流體去離子化系統。 【先前技術3 背景 去離子水被用於許多商業應用,諸如,半導體及鑛絡 板、汽車工業、飲料生產,及鋼加工處理。再者,系統被 家用機器、產業、製造及城市設備及其它循環其水輸出、 刪減成本及保護環境之應用被考量。 當然,流通電容器之主要目的需要丨、;人m 1 文曰π而要Μ合理成本使海水 去除鹽份,提供無窮盡供應之可用水至需要區域。現今, 進階研究係進行使用新材料,包含碳奈米管。 然而,第三世界之水需求係立即地。三分之二之世界 人口無清潔水可用。發展中世界之大部份疾病係與水有關 -每年多於5百萬人死於可輕㈣免之財為媒介之疾病, 諸如,腹瀉、痢疾及霍亂。 明白表示,可攜帶的水係未來最有價值之物品。世界 人口於50至90年内將成雙倍。每人水消耗量增加,但供應 量退化。80%之世界人口生活於海岸線2〇〇英哩内,其間 水雖可獲得,但係不可攜帶或適於農業。7〇%之地下水係 含有鹽份。所有疾病之85%係與不安全飲水有關。 流通電容器已被發展用以使物料與流體分離,諸如, 鹽與水分離。例如,Andleman之美國專利第5,192,432 ; 5,186,115 ; 5,200,068 ; 5,360,540 ; 5,415,768 ; 5,547,581 ; 5,620,597 ; 5,415,768號案,及Toshiro Otowa之美國專利第 5,538,611號案(其等在此皆被併入以供參考之用)描述流通 電容器系統,其係於活性碳之交替電極(電容器)間過濾被 污染及含鹽份之水。再者,Faris之PCT申請案US02/25076 號案(2002年8月7日申請,發明名稱,,可移動之電極流通電 容器”),及Faris等人之pCT申請案US03/26693號案(2003年 8月26日申請,發明名稱,,流體去鹽化流通電容器系統,,), 二者在此被全部併入以供參考之用,其等係描述具改良通 過里之流通電谷器糸統。一般而言,當施加電壓時,水中 之鹽、硝酸鹽、完全溶多之固體及其它摻雜物被吸引至高 表面積之石反材料。固體於電極上發展,因此,加工處理需 停止以移除呈濃縮液體之污染物。此係藉由電極之短路而 完成。 此方法已被教示係一種比傳統系統(諸如,逆滲透, 其使諸如硝酸鹽之污染物通過,促進細菌生長且對於每一 次純化係耗損一或更多加侖的水)更佳之水去鹽方法。再 者,離子交換系統(亦被廣泛使用)產生污染且使用強酸' 鹼及鹽使樹脂再生。 但是,電極有限壽命造成高成本,且電極需經常替換。 複雜之電極支撐結構、電極内及電極間之鉛管及外殼係難 以自傳統流通電容器系統回收。 再者,許多傳統流通電容器及其它去離子化系統之另 外缺點,特別是對於經濟之水去鹽化,係高濃度之排放鹽 水。傳統之水去鹽化設備普遍地係直接將鹽水排放至海 200427634 年。此鹽水可具有最高達海水兩倍,甚至更大之濃度。此 產生高鹽濃度海水之不自然區域,破壞生態系統。因此, 雖^達成提供可攜$式之水至城市及灌凝用水源之必要目 標’傳統去鹽化設備及系統之非故意的環境及生態衝擊最 5 終會超過所欲結果。 因此,所欲地係提供-種相對較有益於生態之系統及 方法’以依所需地使水去鹽或自—物料移除其它物質。 C 明内】 概要 10 f知技藝之如上騎討及其它之㈣絲失可藉由本 發明用以自流體移除離子性物質(諸如,自水移除鹽)之數 種方法及裝置克服或減緩。 種階段式或串聯式之去離子化系統被描述。此系統 包含N個去離子化次系統(例如,流通電容器)。此系統具 15有一用以使流體去離子化之加料態,及用以使個別去離子 化次系統去離子化之放料態。於加料態,具有離子濃度c 之輸入之經離子化流體被引入第N個去離子化次系統,以 使流體之濃度降低ΔΝ,形成具濃度之流體流。 n流體流被輸入至其後之去離子化次系統,且藉由使流體 20濃度降低An而使其它加料。此處理方法最後提供具有濃 度c-fx之輸出流體流。 k=l 為使此系統放料’於某些較佳實施例,此系統被呈短 路,且具有濃度F之沖刷流體係呈並聯式經N個去離子化次 7 系統沖刷。因此,鹽水(放料流體)之最大濃度係f+am, 其中,Δμ係ΔΝ之最大值。此係特別優於傳統系統,其會 排放。 灸=1 例如,若所有Δν值約相等(△),且沖刷流體係相同之 欲被去離子化之入口流體(F=C),則自Ν個次系統之放料流 體係約C_△,其係相反於具有C_N△放料流體濃度之傳統 糸統。 本發明之如上所探討及其它之特徵及優點由下列詳細 描述及圖式可被熟習此項技藝者認知及瞭解。 圖式簡單說明 第1圖係具有並聯式放料模式之一串聯式去離子化系 統之示意圖;及 第2A-2C圖描述另一串聯式去離子化系統及操作模 式。 I:實施方式;3 詳細說明 此間所揭露係一種串聯式去離子化系統。此串聯式去 離子化系統給與一種模組式、規格化、快速去離子化及有 效率之一種系統結構。 參考第1圖,一種用以使流體去離子化之系統1〇〇被描 述。此系統100包含複數個去離子化次系統10,20,3〇...N, 諸如,流通電容器。三個被方便地顯示,因此,2至N之任 何數值可被用於此系統,其中,N可少至2,且可多達應用 200427634 所需者(例如,數十、數百、數千)。 流通電容器被電連接至一電源,且電力連接係建構成 父替式,例如,交替加料作用(例如,使流經流通電容器 之流體進行去離子化)或放料作用(例如,使來自流經電容 盗之經收集離子進行去離子化)。電源可為沉或从。於dc 操作時,極性可被反向於加料及放料間切換。於ac操作, 例如’相可被替換以改變加料及放料周期。 ίο 15 於加料(流體去離子化)操作期間,具有濃度c之經離 子化流體係經由液朗丨人第—去離子化次系統(例如,流 通電容器)10。閥5係於,,_’,位置,以避免具濃度c之流 體進4離子化次系統2〇, 3〇,.. n。閱w〇被建構成能 抓入第一去離子化_人系統(例如,流通電容器)如。閥^〇/〇⑽ 被建構成能流入第三去離子化次系統(例如,流通電容 器)30’等等至第N個去離子化系統。去離子化次系統1〇,2〇, 3LN每-者使個別進入流體之濃度減少、、〜、〜.. N值/、中△!〇 每一者可為相同或不 同口此、.-工去離子化之流體5〇具有濃度〔_(△ ι〇+Δ2〇+δ 3〇..人),因此,若〜〇、〜〇、〜〇、〜相同,經去離子 化之流體50具有濃度C_n厶。 20 換言之’包含N個去離子化次系統之系統,每一者係 使流體濃度(具起始料濃度c)減少\,去離子化之輸出 流體形成具濃度。 於放料態時(去離子化系 統去離子化),如第1圖之實施 9 200427634 例所示,每一系統10, 20, 30…N接收來自輸入流2之輸入, 其中,閥5被打開。每一次系統10, 20, 30...N之輸出閥被建 構成能使經離子化之流體經由出口 60流出。 第1圖系統(稱為”串聯式加料/並聯式放料,,)之主要益 處係放料產物僅具有C+△範圍之濃度,相較於傳統去離子 化糸統輸出或鹽水放料產物,於環境上係安全。 換言之,使用具有濃度F之沖刷流體之n個電池之放 料形成F+AM之最大鹽水(經放料流體)濃度,其中,△1^係 △ N值之最大值。此係特別優於傳統系統(其會排放C- 10 ίχ)。 k=l 於第1圖之實施例及此間其它實施例之去離子化次系 統可包含任何已知逆滲透系統、離子交換系統、流通電容 器系統,或其混合。於某些較佳實施例,流通電容器系統 被使用。典型之流通電容器系統包含一對其間具有用於流 15體流動之空間的電極。於施加電壓時(例如,自DC電源, 且經由適當接觸使電極接觸)及通過離子性流體時,適當 電荷之離子被吸引至電極,形成電雙層。 單獨之高表面積導性組份可形成作為電極,或可被支 撐於適當基材上(導性或非導性,依電極形式而定)。另外, 20電流收集器及高表面積導性組份可為多層形式,或可為單 一層。例示之空氣陰極係揭示於美國專利第6,368,751號 案,發明名稱”用於燃料電池之電化學電極,,,Wayne Ya〇 及Tsepin Tsai,1999年10月8日申請,其在此被全部併入以 10 200427634 供參考之用。 用於流通電容器之高表面積導性材料可勺人 種導電材料,其不受限地包含石墨、、 尹、乏之各 ,古性碳顆粒、活性碳 纖維、與黏合劑材料一體成形之活性磁军 灭稍粒、機織之活性 碳纖維片材、機織之活性碳纖維布材、 謂非機織之活性t纖 維片材、非機織之活性碳纖維布材、懕制 蝥1之活性碳顆粒、 壓製之活性碳顆粒纖維;居石(azite)、 )金屬,特別是導性 ίο 顆粒,金屬導電纖維、乙炔黑、貴金屬、链貴金屬之材料 富勒稀、導性喊、導性聚合物,或包含前述至少_者之 任何混合物。高表面積材料可選擇性地包含以導性材料(諸 如’鈀、翻系列黑)之塗覆物或電鍍處理,以促進導電性。 高表面積材料亦可以化學物(諸如,鹼,例如,氫氧化鉀, 15 或i素,例如,氟)處理,以增加表面積及導性。每克大 於約ι_平方公尺之表面積的錄碳㈣倾佳,但需瞭 解較低表面積之材料亦可被使用,其係依不受限地^電 極間之距離、施加之電壓、所欲之離子移除度、可移動陰 極的速度及可移動陰極之結構等因素而定。 π 20 、現參考第2Α·2,,階段式或串聯式之去離子化系統 被描述。此系統包含Ν個流通電容器11〇, ΐ2〇, ι3〇 ν, 其係與適當電力供應電連接,而呈用以使流體去離子化之 加料態,被電短路而呈用以使個職通電容器去離子化之 放料態。 於加料態,如第2Β圖所示,具有離子濃度C之輸入離 子化流體被引人流通電容器UG,其間,流體濃度減少Δ1, 11 200427634 而成為具濃度C-ΔΙ之流體。C-ΔΙ之流體被輸入流通電容 器120,且於其内藉由使流體濃度減少Δ 2而成為具有濃声 0:-Δ1-Δ2之經去離子化之輸出流體而被加料。同樣地, △ 1-Δ 2之流體被輸入流通電容器130,且於其内藉由使、、斧 5 體濃度減少△ 3而成為具有濃度C- △ 厶2- △ 3之經去離子 化輸出流體而被加料。注意如上所述△值可為相同或相 異。 於放料態,且現參考第2C圖,具有濃度F之放料輪入 流體係呈並聯地被引至流通電容器11〇,12〇 。呈有、、曲 10度F+△卜F+A2、F+A3之來自流通電容器11〇, 12〇, 13〇 之輸出>’IL體自糸統排放。此一糸統係生態上無宏,特別是 與傳統系統(其會排放具有Ρ+Λ1+Λ2+Λ3ΔΝ濃度之流體) 之相比。 於-較佳實施例,閥及管線之配置係被建構成可再使 μ用,其中,去離子化單元或流通電容器⑽⑽叫或队 20, 30)係模組式且可替換。 雖然較佳實施例已被顯示及描述,但各種改良及替代 可於未偏離本發明之精神及範圍下對於為之。因此,需瞭 解本發明係藉由例示說明而非限制地被描述。 20 【圖式簡單說明】 第1圖係具有並聯式放料模式之一串聯式去離子化系 統之示意圖;及 第2A-2C圖描述另一串聯式去離子化系統及操作模 式。 12 200427634 【圖式之主要元件代表符號表】 100.. ....流體去離子化系統 10,20,30……去離子化次系統 2......液流 5……閥
Ic2(/〇D10......閥
Ic3(/〇D20......閥 〇C3〇/〇D30......閥 50.. ....去離子化流體 60......出口 110, 120, 130……流通電容器
Claims (1)
- 200427634 拾、申請專利範圍: 1. 一種階段式去離子化系統,包含: 第一及第二去離子化次系統,具有用以使流體去離子 化之加料態及用以使個別去離子次系統去離子化之放料 5 態,其中, 於該加料態, 具離子濃度C之輸入離子化流體被引入該第一去 離子化次系統,其中,流體之濃度減少而成具濃度C-Δ i之流體,且 10 該C-Aii流體被引至該第二去離子化次系統,且 被注至第二去離子化次系統,使該流體之濃度減少Δ2而 成具濃度之去離子化輸出流體,且,其中 於該放料態, 沖刷流體係呈平聯地輸入至該第一去離子化次系 15 統及第二去離子化次系統,其中,於該第一去離子化次系 統及該第二去離子化次系統集結之離子被排放。 2. —種階段式去離子化系統,包含: Ν個以k=l至Ν表示之去離子化次系統,每一者具有用 以使流體去離子化之加料態及用以使個別去離子化次系統 20 去離子化之放料態,其中 於該加料態,N個呈串聯式連接之系統,每一者使起 始具有濃度C之輸入流體之濃度於每一階段減少之量, 形成具有濃度之輸出去離子化流體,且其中 k=\ 14 200427634 於該放料態,N個去離子化次系統以具有濃度F之沖刷 流體呈並聯地沖刷,形成F+AM之最大放料流體濃度,其 中,ΔΜ係數值Δκ之最大值。 3. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之階段式去離子化系統, 5 其中,該等去離子化次系統之至少一者係包含包含流通電 容器,其於該加料態係電連接至一電連接器,且於該放料 態係呈電短路。 4. 如申請專利範圍第1或2項所述之階段式去離子化系統, 其中,輸出流體、去離子化系統、沖刷流體及放料流體間 10 之連通係以管線及閥之形式提供,其等係被建構成可再使 用,且其中,該去離子化系統係模組式。15
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TW092129801A TW200427634A (en) | 2002-10-25 | 2003-10-27 | Fluid deionization system |
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AU (1) | AU2003284179A1 (zh) |
TW (1) | TW200427634A (zh) |
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2003
- 2003-10-27 TW TW092129801A patent/TW200427634A/zh unknown
- 2003-10-27 AU AU2003284179A patent/AU2003284179A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-27 US US10/694,528 patent/US20040130851A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-10-27 WO PCT/US2003/034072 patent/WO2004037421A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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US20040130851A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
AU2003284179A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
WO2004037421A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
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