TW200422855A - A distributed storage system for data-sharing among client computers running different operating system types - Google Patents
A distributed storage system for data-sharing among client computers running different operating system types Download PDFInfo
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- TW200422855A TW200422855A TW092133499A TW92133499A TW200422855A TW 200422855 A TW200422855 A TW 200422855A TW 092133499 A TW092133499 A TW 092133499A TW 92133499 A TW92133499 A TW 92133499A TW 200422855 A TW200422855 A TW 200422855A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1004—Server selection for load balancing
- H04L67/1017—Server selection for load balancing based on a round robin mechanism
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/10—File systems; File servers
- G06F16/18—File system types
- G06F16/182—Distributed file systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
- H04L67/1001—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network for accessing one among a plurality of replicated servers
- H04L67/1034—Reaction to server failures by a load balancer
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Description
200422855 五、發明說明(1) — 一、【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明與電腦儲存系統有關,並且特別針對一儲存系 統’此儲存系統能夠在不同作業系統(如·· AIX、Linux、 Windows等等)之客戶端電腦之間提供資料共享。 •、【先前技術】 '~般說來,今 的客戶端電腦,例 業糸統。一個實用 也能容許電腦之間 資料儲存系統必須 統的電腦彼此間能 存系統必須容許執 inuX和 Windows等 料。無論是否執行 槽案要能被另外一 曰的資料系統支援著 如 Windows、 Linux、 的資料系統即便在不 可以輕易地共享資料 包含合適的支援功能 夠共享資料。舉例來 行著不同作業系統的 作業系統,彼此能夠 相同的作業系統,由 台電腦找到並且瀏覽 執行不同作業系統 同的軟體基礎下, 。因此,相關聯的 ,以便不同作業系 說,一個分散式儲 電腦,如A I X、 存取以及共享資 一台電腦所產生的 在不同的電腦之間容許 模式如下。一伺服器(通稱5 〃共享之儲存系統’其工作 享檔案的電腦之間,而資料虽案词服器),設置在需要共 案的電腦執行一個叫做客戶辟存在磁碟上。想要分享槽 client)的程式。客戶端樓案槽案系統(file system 路檔案協定,例如網路檔均案…/系統則使用一個定義好的網 服器進行聯絡。當一栲^二糸統(NFS),來與此檔案伺 田累破-電腦建立出來後,此標案會
200422855 五、發明說明(2) 透過此檔案祠服器被寫入磁碟當中。當此稽案被相同的電 腦或是其他的電腦讀取時,資料會從磁碟中被讀出來,經 由此檔案伺服器,最後被傳送至想要讀取此檔案的電腦。 圖1顯示習知技藝中一儲存系統,此儲存系統利用一檔案 祠服器在不同的客戶端電腦間支援資料共享。客戶端電腦 1 0 1、1 0 2、與1 0 3,每一台都執行著不同的操作系統。檔 案伺服器1 0 5被提供在客戶端電腦1 〇丨到1 〇 3之間,並且分 享磁碟1 0 6。不同的客戶端1 〇 1到1 〇 3使用標準的網路協定 與檔案伺服器1 0 5進行聯繫,其中標準的網路協定例如網 路檔案系統(NFS) 、Andrew槽案系統(AFS)以及公用網 際網路檔案系統(CIFS)等等。 在檔案伺服器中,檔案被組織成樹狀結構或是階層結 構。圖2說明了 一個檔案階;層的範例。此階層包含了目錄 以及檔案。檔案就是樹上的葉子節點。在圖2中,階層裡 有三個檔案。這些檔案是目錄『/almaden/storage』的一 部分。依次來說,此目錄是目錄『/almaden』的一部分, 以此類推。 除了能夠讀寫檔案以外,電腦可以藉由對檔案伺服器 發出各種其他的指令,而獲得檔案以及目錄的資訊。關於 檔案以及目錄的資訊通稱為『元資料』。舉例來說’發出 一個『RE ADD IR』的指令可以列出目錄上的所有内容。一 個發出對應於/almaden/storage的『 READDIR』指令會
4IBM03131TW.ptd 第8頁 五、發明說明(3) 在此目錄中列出 的指令便會獲得 被建立以及此槽 為了能夠回 令,檔案伺服器 遠小於資料本身 替每個檔案保留 的平均大小可能 子,元資料的大 料的大小會依據 到 10%。 當一檔案被 不被容許寫入相 會被鎖定,叫做 交由檔案飼服器 止同一時間裡有 在不同作業 習知技藝之架構: 檔案伺服器增加t 使用者回應時間 今日客戶的大量^ 三個檔案。對一個檔案發出一個P Sta 關於此檔案的資訊,例如:此擔垒h T』 案有多大。 案疋何時 應像『READDIR』以及『STAT』這樣的匕 會把元資料保留在磁碟當中。元咨7 、9 貝料通當 的大小。舉例來說,檔案伺服器可沪⑨ 5 00位元組大小的元資料資訊。—要 是1萬6千位元組。因此,根據以上的田例、 小是原資料大小的1 / 3 2。一般說來,」次 貝料被儲存的規格,介在原資料大小的 151 &妙安具他電腦將 π的檔案。正在寫入檔案的電 寫人鎖定lock)。寫人鎖定資 維護。藉由寫入鎖定,播案飼服^ = 其他電腦寫入相同的檔案。 ° = :間提:資料共享的儲存系統, 時,將·^ f ;當在資料路裎上有額外的 。再者:::料存取時間,進而影響到 聲料,戶斤^複數個祠服器通常需要處理 200422855 五、發明說明(4) ____ 1器擁有所需資料。另外, 丨案伺服器間的負載。去一、'又有容易的方法去平衡多重檔 ^於寫入鎖定的資訊Γ 檔案飼服器失效,它也會遺失 嗱腦。這會造成檔案訛誤:=鎖定則適用於一台或是多台 |被另一個由不同製造商^立後,每當一個檔案伺服器要 新的檔案伺服器執行作义的檔案伺服器所取代時,在 卜服器複製到新的檔案伺服口:所有資料必須從舊的檔案 =此,需要一個儲存系統,此儲 業糸、、充之客戶端電腦間容許有效 =、、、先在執仃不同作 |上述舊有系統架構的缺點。 的貝料共享,並且沒有 【發明内容】 本發明之一目的在於提供一種分散_ 可在執行不同作業系統的客戶端=存系統以及方 |旱。 电知間提供資料共 本發明的另一個目的在於提供一種八 在不同的伺服器中維護資料以及元 77散式儲存系統, |路k中資料移轉的潛在瓶頸。 、’用以克服在資料 I 本發明之另一目的在於提供_種八 1 ΐ ϊ ΐ儲存系統内,複數個客戶端i腦Ϊ儲存系統,在 子 貝料,並且透過一控制網路來一透過—儲存網路 仔取元資料。 第10頁 4IBM03l31TW.ptd 200422855
本發明之再一目的在於為 为散式儲存系統中飼服器聯繫 協定,如此將會使此儲存系統 電腦中的本地檔案系統。 複數個客戶端電腦提供與此 的一儲存槽(Storage Tank) 中的檔案系統如同是客戶端 本發明再進一 一個客戶端程式, 儲存槽協定。 為 統,其 式儲存 數個共 網路上 池中存 路,客 獲得元 個元資 理的目 服器叢 施。 了要達 中資料 系統支 享儲存 ,並且 取資料 戶端電 資料。 料伺服 的,元 集。控 步的目的是在每一個客戶端電腦上提供 此客戶端程式提供客戶端功能來支援此 成這些目的 轉移係以兩 援在不同的 池(shared 透過此儲存 。第二網路 腦在資料路 客戶端電腦 器進行聯繫 資料伺服器 制網路最好 ,本發明 個邏輯網 客戶端電 storage 網路,客 是一控制 徑效能不 為了元資 。為了負 較佳係被 在一個用 捉供 禋分散式儲存 路當基礎,進而此分 腦間進行資料共享。 P 〇 〇 1 )被附加在一儲;j? 戶端電腦可以在此儲 網路;透過此控制網 會降低的情形下,便 料作業而與一個或複 載平衡以及故障轉移 串集形成一個元資料 戶既存的I P網路上實
複數個客戶端電腦在此控制網路上利S此儲存槽協定
4IBM03131TW.ptd 第11頁 200422855 元資料 本發明 含支援 介面、 及一個 程式與 理器則 器之間 定。作 被接受 伺服器 之分散 健存槽 一個客 作業系 複數個 是一平 的媒介 業糸統 導入一 每一此複 供一客戶 客戶端程 (client 此檔案系 用進行聯 系統以及 屬於客戶 作業系統 統。 五、發明說明(6) I來與此複數個 |戶端電腦上, |式,此程式包 一個檔案系統 manager),以 I容許此客戶端 I客戶端狀態管 |個元資料伺服 的資料存取鎖 |功能,它必須 進行聯繫。在 式錯存系統提 協定的功能。 戶狀態管理器 統(0S)服務。 客戶端電腦應 台限定之檔案 。它維護所有 服務是客戶端 個新的作業系 數個客 端程 式包含 state 統介面 繫。此 此複數 端電腦 的特有 此倚存槽協定容許複數個 丨=,器來獲得諸如目錄以及播案資訊數=! 個協疋,此複數個客戶端程式能也貝枓▲使用攻 定,進而使此複數個客戶端 並且維護存取鎖 並且可靠的。—旦一伺的:料共享總是前後-致 複數個客戶端程式可重新判上=,透過此儲存槽協定,此 卜。如果-元資料伺服器被]服盗保持的鎖 卜避免移動資料本=的元資料…,如 本發明額外的目的以 出’某些部分將會在敘述以匕下的敘述中提 |發明的實施例中獲悉。 斤附圖式中顯現,或是從本 4IBM03131TW.ptd 第12頁 200422855 五、發明說明(7)
再者 的磁碟或 處理系統 法,供導 明所欲涵 施方式】 明將會先描述在不同的客戶 元資料伺服器來提供資料共^=’利用分離 然而,對於習知技^者而1旱,为散式儲存系統 式控制或在其他方面被設計之一F wη 統,包含中央處輝置_ ,裝置,例如一貝 連接匯流排以;:::二己憶體、輸出/入、程 的程式裝置來執行本發明的運作。 匕 是施於一個產^如-預先紀錄 電腦程式產品,此產品用於-資料 2, ^紀錄於其上的儲存媒體以及程式方 引此資料處理系統。這樣的裳 :: 蓋之範圍之内。 衣置八屋扣亦在本發 勒個:!是根據本發明之分散式儲存系,统300的方塊圖。複 數個客戶端電腦3 0 1可在一式族叙翩紗+ 稷 料以芬八 > :欠士丨—在或複數個健存池302當中存取資 广梦番刀旱貝;。母一儲存池3 〇 2都包含了複數個共享儲 存裝置,例如儲存磁碟303。為了說明上的目的,客戶 電腦301以五個不同的作業系統表示:Αιχ、s〇iaris、 HP/UX,Linux 以及 Windows 2〇〇〇/χρ。除此之外,一客 f端電腦310—般用來管理及監視分散式儲存系統3〇〇的效 旎。雖然圖1只有顯示出五台客戶端電腦3 〇丨,本發明的儲 Μ 第13頁 4IBM03131TW.ptd 200422855 五、發明說明(8) 存糸統3 0 0可以支援數千台執扞# 3〇卜客戶端電腦3〇1透過一個錯存铜種^業系統的客戶 存裝置303並且藉由-控制網路〇4連接到共享儲 哭拉-次? 6來與複數個元資料伺服 =05進仃連接。兀資料被保留在元資料儲存3〇7當中。此 儲存網路304是既存的儲域網路(t SMs)的其中之一。.周路(St〇raM area network, / 腦Mi執行一個稱為客戶端程式(未顯
=的軟體,® 4將在以下詳細描述。此客戶端程式聯繫说 :戶電腦上個別執行的作業系統之一槽案系統介面。舉命 來說’在基於Unix的電腦系統上’ &客戶端程式會和一處 擬檔案系統(VFS)介面進行聯繫;在基於Windows的電腦系 統上’此客戶端程式會和一可安裝式檔案系統(ifs)介面 進行聯繫。執行其他作業系統的客戶端電腦可能會使用相 似的檔案介面。圖3中,客戶端電腦3 〇丨的檔案系統介面如 下所不· AIX、Solaris、ΗΡ/υχ以及Linux等作業系統為 VFS,而Windows作業系統則為IFS。 ,在圖3的左邊,複數個元資料伺服器3 0 5被串集在一起
形成一個元資料伺服器叢集309。依據這樣的組態,維護 使用者資料的儲存裝置及系統被分散在這些處理使用者元 資料的伺服器當中。 本發明的儲存系統3 0 〇包含了兩個邏輯網路:一控制
200422855 五、發明說明(9) 案系统Si二來ί存網路3〇4。此控制網路3 0 6被客戶端檔 制網路30^ 複數個元資料飼服器305進行聯繫。此控 移旦β是/送訊息以及元資料,所以在其上的資料轉 :參照圖4至6,在本發明的-實施例中,控 透過儲存槽協定來實施在一個客戶既存 TCP/IP網路之上,此儲存槽協定將在以下被詳細描述。 儲存系先3 〇 〇的第二個網路是儲存網路3 〇 4 ,也稱為儲 (Storage Area Network SAN)〇 t .4 m ^ 3 0 5, ^ ^ # ^ £ 3〇3# 儲存網路3 04。此儲在綑玫丄 逆接〗 冋迷 Ψ UJt^ ^ 子、祠路304被用來在客戶端電腦301和 二枓1存3 0 2中之儲存裝置3〇3之間,提供所有的資 2 ^由從資料路徑中移除元資料飼服器3〇5,本發明的 ΓΓ/除存在於目前資料共享儲存系統中的效 月fc*負擔以及潛在瓶頸。 统基^WiΤΓ之客戶端電腦上的可安裝式播案系 ^VFS),Μ裝在每—客戶端^ VFS會將元資料的請求以及置3°3時,1FS或是 料飼服器顯其中之— ^::Βί弓至此複數個元資 附加在儲存網路304上的儲存妒f由^ 〇1可以直接從任何 記憶體當中積極主動取資料°他們可在 厌取棕案資料,就如同他們從元資 200422855 五、發明說明(ίο) 料伺服器3 0 1裡獲得的元資料以及鎖定。 本發明的儲存系統3 0 〇會支援複數個儲存池3 0 2的檔案 資料,以及支援複數個元資料伺服器3 0 5的元資料。資料 和元資料分別被保存在儲存系統3 〇 〇當中。一元資料,它 包含了 一標準檔案之元資料,例如:檔案名稱、建立日期 以及存取控制資訊’也會包含檔案資料在磁碟中的位置 (延伸列表,extent 1 ist)。元資料被保存在高效能、高 度可用的專用祠服器儲存當中(它可能像是資料儲存於同 一個SAN ’或是在一個分離的SAN之中),並且必須可以被 叢集中所有的伺服器存取。元資料絕對不會直接被客戶端 2 2 ,,但是透過控制網路20 6上之儲存槽協定,便 會^供70資料給客戶端電腦301。 任何給定檔案的資料區塊(data block)被儲存名@ ^ 池302其中之一的共享裝置3〇3内1存在儲存 置在儲存網路304之中,並且可5^存裝置<κ303必須被配 料伺服器3 0 5存取。^ 士加、比戶翊電腦3 0 1以及元資 置-塊區域給共取享健在存大裝部置分^^^ 料伺服器3 0 5。如果需要 戶端電腦30 1以及元資 腦301之子隼以及要的話也可以建立專供客戶端雷 丁果U及兀資料伺服器3〇 尸%電 別的女全需求。也有可能建立一個:的以滿足特 以及元資料儲存m存取的區域,服器m 4IBM03131TW.ptd 第16頁 200422855 五、發明說明(11) 一客戶安裝(customer installation)可只使用一元 資料伺服器3 0 5、元資料伺服器3 0 5的一叢集3 0 9、或是複 數個元資料叢集3 0 9,每一叢集3 0 9都包含了複數個元資料 词服器3 0 5。叢集的元資料伺服器3 0 5提供負載平衡、故障 轉移處理以及增加的延展性。在元資料叢集3 0 9中的此複 數個元資料伺服器3 0 5是互連的,不是在它們自己的高速 網路中就是在相同的I P控制網路3 0 6中,此複數個元資料 词服器3 0 5與客戶端電腦3 0 1進行聯繫。包含被元資料伺服 器叢集3 0 9管理之元資料的專用伺服器儲存能夠被附加在 專用儲存網路上,或許在一個分離的區域裡被附加在公用 儲存網路3 0 4上。 儲存槽協定(Storage Tank Protocol) 為了描述分散式儲存系統3 0 0中儲存槽協定,定義關 鍵名詞如下: 物件(Ob ject): —物件是隸屬於儲存系統3 00之檔案 系統當中,用作儲存以及管理的最小邏輯單元。目錄以及 檔案都算是物件。檔案系統中的每一個物件都被給定一個 唯一的物件識別碼(Object ID)。 檔案(File): —檔案是包含使用者資料(user data) 的一傳統檔案系統物件。 目錄(Directory): —目錄是檔案的邏輯分組,可視
4IBM03131TW.ptd 第17頁 200422855
五、發明說明(12) 為命名空間階層的部分。在本發明的儲存系統3〇〇去 目錄只存在於元資料飼服器305當中,而不像一物^ 儲存池3 0 2裡的使用者資料空間當中。 容器(Container): —容器是總體命名空間(gi〇b name-tree)的子樹(subtree)。為了負載平衡以及 a 二的,它群組了-組物件…中的物件將不只: 存池的一部份,儲存池則定義如下。 1U儲 谷體(Volume)· —容體是一個輸出儲存芽置 ^ 是一個實體裝置或是一個邏輯裝置。容體被;到储能 中,而且必須被所有需要在容體中存取資料的以 客戶端存取。 从及 儲存池(Storage ρο〇ι):儲存池是一個 的集合。它為了空間的配置而對容器提供了 一個旻谷體 輯分組。容器中的檔案可以屬於不同的儲存池◊ 的邏 器可以在一單一儲存池中擁有儲存。 數個容 时明提供了一個介於客戶端電腦3〇ι以及元 服益3 0 5之間進行聯繫的儲存槽協 紅伺 ::::::致r模態、,這將容許儲存系:二2 個本地檔案系統。此儲存槽協定的目, 刀式儲存環境裡,提供介於客戶端電腦30“/^^在
200422855
資料伺服器3 0 5之間充足的資料一致性 當使用此儲存槽協定,客戶 式可以決定哪一個儲存裝置3〇 私301裡的客戶端程 -元資料伺服晴置裝不 space hierarchy)(換言之,一組不二==P白層樹(name 戶端程式可以決定要連接哪一個5的谷益),並且,客 新命沾:欠魁 日他办 们疋貝枓伺服器3 0 5來獲得 所雨的貝枓。即使客戶端程式接觸到一 器3 0 5,這個伺服器可以自動導^錯^兀貝枓伺服 元資料飼服器。由於元資料可導二客//程式到對的那- 器305之上1此單-伺許多個元資料飼服 可以避免。…斤產生太多元資料的問題都 …透過匕們的客戶端程式,儲存槽協定提供了資料存鎖 疋,這將使檔案在此複數個客戶端電腦3〇1之間進行共 需要的時候’提供鎖定,這將容許客戶端程式 擁有對槽案的排他地存取。當檔案被開放的時候,元資料 祠服器305會對客戶端程式授與鎖定。當客戶端電腦3〇1 從檔案中讀取資料時’儲存槽協定保證它總是讀到檔案裡 的最新資料’此最新資料則是由其他客戶端電腦寫在此檔 儲存客戶端(Storage Clients) 本發明的分散式儲存系統3 0 〇能在不同的客戶端電腦
200422855 五、發明說明(14) ,例如執行 Windows 2000、AIX、s〇laris、Unuxw 卜υχ等作業系統,進行檔案的全資料(fuU data)共享 通資料(tranSparent data)共享。所有在此複數個 *二=電腦301裡的客戶端程式都能利用一致的總體命名 j來存取相肖的資料。—致的總體命名空間為所有的客 舳^式,提供對於儲存系統3〇〇中之命名樹(name七” nn。這樣的能力不需改變既存的使用者應 告中::ί :要使用相同的介面來存取儲存系統3〇0 田中的資料,就和它們存取本體(本區)播案系統一樣。 客戶端電腦301中的客戶端程式會把所 ί ί 2 ί複數個元f料飼服器305的其中之一内,、並且 存果置3〇ί内料作,導個引:附加在高速儲存網路304上的儲 303内。母一個客戶端程式 :看見的元資料(以及執行在這個系統上的系 來就如同一個從本體、本區 w 看起 料一樣。 7 拉案系統所讀到的元資 圖4顯示了一實施例的主要組件,1 4 0 0在一客戶端電腦3〇1裡。當 八 客戶鈿程式 間4〇1裡運作時,客戶端程式 =用者空 spaCe)411裡運作。在盆他子系站夕任山核〜工間(kernel 客戶端電腦,核心空針對一個典型的 及裝置驅動器40 6。客戶端 個s己憶體子系統407以 尸鲕私式40 0由三個組件組成:一檔
200422855 五、發明說明(15) 案系統介面403、一客戶狀態管理器(CSM)4〇4以及一作業 系統(0 S )服務405。將此客戶端程式40 〇轉移到一個新的作 業系統會牽連到平台限定之檔案系統介面4〇 3以及作業系 統服務4 0 5。此客戶狀態管理器4 0 4包含了檔案系統相關功 能(file system-related function),以支援此分散式儲 存系統3 0 0,此客戶狀態管理器4 〇 4是跨平台並且不需要被 改變的。1!^介面(基於^^11(1〇«^的客戶端電腦)以及71?3介 面(基於Unix的客戶端電腦)係利用平台的本機記憶體子系 統40 7以及裝置驅動器40 6。 儲存槽協定的客戶端係藉由客戶狀態管理器(CSM) 4 04而實施。CSM404維護全部的鎖定,包括對話鎖定 (session lock)以及資料鎖定(data 1〇ck)。獲取鎖定以 開啟儲存池3 0 2裡的檔案。CSM4〇4^演特定平台客戶檔案 系統介面403以及此複數俩元資料伺服器3〇5之間的中間、 、一客戶端電腦3 0 1裡的客戶端程式4 〇 〇會使儲存系 3 0 0裡〜的^檔案系統被視為客戶端電腦上的另一個檔案系 、、先匕就像本區檔案系統一樣擁有相同的語意。〃者看 =從健存池晴存取棺案以及從本區標 用者看
^之間的m例來說’要開啟—個置放在館 =裡Λ構案系統中的檔案,—應用會發布-標準的檔案 開啟印求。客戶端檔案系統介面403會傳遞此請求至CSM
第21頁 200422855 五、發明說明(16) " * 4 0 4,C S Μ 4 0 4利用既存於快取中之鎖定的標準,以決定此 請求能否被滿足。若否,CSM 404會與此複數個元資料伺 服器30 5接觸,以獲得檔案元資料以及鎖定。檔案元資料 提供關於此檔案的資訊給客戶端程式,此檔案資訊包含檔 案的屬性以及檔案在儲存裝置3 〇 3中的位置。鎖定則提供 需要開啟檔案以及讀寫資料的特權給客戶端程式。 讀寫請求也必須被傳送至CSM 4〇4,來保證鎖定與存 取請求能夠相符。舉例來說,如果請求是一寫入請求,但 鎖定只能讀取,CSM 404會與元資料伺服器305進行聯繫以 請求升級鎖定。一旦獲得了所需要的鎖定,檔案資料可以 在此儲存網路3 0 4之上直接被存取。 在本發明之分散式儲存系統3〇〇中的檔案存取鎖定可 以被儲存在快取記憶體中並且是搶占式(preemptible) 的。也就疋說’槽案存取鎖定可以被一元資料伺服器3 〇 5 收回。這容許存取檔案系統的客戶端程式4 〇 〇保留分散式 的鎖定,即便在沒有開放檔案機會的情況下。因此,在相 同客戶端程式40 0上一後續應用上的既定檔案的請求,此 請求能在不招致接觸伺服器的負擔以及獲得新鎖定的負擔 下被滿足。如果客戶端程式4 0 0為一檔案請求一個不相容 鎖定而此鎖定被快取在另一台客戶中,元資料伺服器3 〇 5 將會要求其他客戶端程式40 0釋放它的鎖定。如果沒有開 放檔案的機會,客戶端程式4 0 0將會順從。否則的話,請
4IBM03131TW.ptd 第22頁 200422855 五、發明說明(17) 求中的客戶端程式4 0 0會被迫等待 CSM 404也會實施在以基於租賃協定(lease_based protocol)的客戶端,此協定會保護分散式儲存系統3〇〇免 於因網路故障而造成的一致性錯誤。元資料伺服器3〇5為 系統中的每一個客戶端電腦301維護一租賃。此租賃會隨 著每一個客戶端/飼服器交互作用而被機會性地更新。如 果元資料伺服器305無法隨著客戶來更新此租賃,客戶端 程式400會被認為是失效;並且,元資料伺服器3〇5會設定 ,個汁時裔。在時間結束的時候,元資料伺服器3 〇 $會恢 復鎖定並且隨意地提供鎖定給新的客戶端程式4〇〇。 在客戶知之中,备租、到期的時候,客戶端程式 必須將全部的已使用資料((Ηγ〇 data)從本身的快取中 入磁碟。對客戶端程式之快取f料的存取動作將 .
置,直到租賃結束為止。 L 在客戶端電腦3 0 1裡的客戶端快取被用做達成元資 以及資料的低潛時(low—latency)存取。一客戶端可快 如下: ' 資料(Data)—快取資料容許客戶端程式400區域性和 地執行槽案讀寫,消除對SAN所附之儲存裝置3 〇 3的
4IBM03131TW.ptd 第23頁 200422855 五、發明說明(18) 兀貧料(Metadata)—快取元資料容許客戶端程式4〇〇 區域性地執行複數個元資料存取,而不用與一元資料伺服 器30 5接觸。(要注意所有的元資料更新會被發送至元資料 伺服器3 0 5 ) 鎖定(Locks)—快取鎖定容許客戶端程式4〇〇區域性地 對檔案授與複數個開放,而不用與一元資料伺服器3 〇 5接 觸0 本發明的客戶端程式400在記憶體中執行所有的快 取。就:個檔案的所有資料而言,如果客戶端程式妁快取 沒ί足Ϊ的空間,客戶端程式400會只從共享儲存裝置303 中頊取貝料,而此檔案則存於此共享儲存裝置上。 戶端程式40 0可以直接對所有附加在健存網路3〇 =, 裝置303進行存取,所以資料存取得以迅速。對—的儲存 程式40 0來說,對一專用本地磁碟快取資料是沒要取 的。 1 乂要 元資料伺服器(Metadata Servei»s) 在本發明的具體實施例中,儲存系統3 〇 〇裡一二_ 資料伺服器3 0 5都是手提式的、使用者層次的、 σ 70 便易於移動到新的作業系統上。轉移可以藉由u =用以 AIX、SUN以及Windows來完成。對複數個作沾 援在元資料飼|器叢,3 0 9的,台選擇 了、=的f
200422855 五、發明說明(19) 會容許一系列的效能選項。舉例來說,執行L i n u X的I n t e 1 處理器為了高效低成本的延展性而被使用;然而,執行 A I X的I BM SP2超級電腦為了高階延展性而被使用。 元資料服務(Metadata Services) 一元資料伺服器3 0 5被設計來執行元資料更新、提供 祠服檔案系統元資料至此複數個客戶端電腦3 0 1 (透過此複 數個客戶端程式400 )、將檔案和資料鎖定授與客戶端、以 及檢測客戶端故障和執行客戶端恢復。企業可以使用一單 一=資料伺服器3 0 5、一個伺服器的叢集3 0 9或是複數個伺 服器叢集3 〇 9。使用一叢集組態的元資料伺服器會有以下 的效益: ' 次負載平衡—對於儲存系統3 0 〇之檔案系統的工作量以 ί ^料結構,會被劃分並分配給叢集3〇9中的此複數個元 二二=服器30 5。全時維持叢集工作量的平衡是一個連續 母—70資料伺服器305處置一組不同的容器。使 你$ #的程序會使檔案系統的工作量平衡。一個工作量平 / 包含了以下的作業: U)紀錄母個容器的活動 (b )配置最n 2 , ,Μ . μ , 彔的谷器給伺服器1,第二忙碌的給伺服器 L M此類推 (c )第 N + 1個 h i (d)在每隔你碌的容器被指定回伺服器1,以此類推 中收集到⑺的列如一小時的時間間隔内,使用最後一個小時 、新活動資訊,重新指定容器給元資料伺服器
第25頁 200422855 五、發明說明(20) 305 當對元資料伺服器3 0 5的容器的指定改變時,資料不 需要被移動。所有的元資料伺服器3 〇 5在重新指定後可以 存取所有的元資料,並且針對比從前多樣化且不同的容器 開始處理元資料作業。 "
故障轉移處理一此複數個元資料伺服器3 〇 5較佳為具 有一叢集協定。在伺服器故障或是此複數個元資料伺服罗 305間之網路連接性損失的事件中,叢集服務會產生一個" 被重組的新叢集30 9 ,負載會被分散到新叢集3〇9裡的此潜 數個元資料伺服器3 0 5之間。
延展性(Sea lab i lty)—管理者可以增加更多的元資料 H艮益3 0 5到一叢集3 0 9當中,或是增加更多的伺服器叢集 3 0 9到健存網路304當中以伺服更多的資料以及更多的客戶 端電腦301。以上描述的叢集服務會從一新群组中偵測到 新的兀資料伺服器305,並且重新分散負載以平衡遍及在 新群組裡所有的元資料伺服器305上的工作。要注意的是 ,數個元資料伺服器叢集3〇9為了儲存系統3〇〇 /會u共同維 護以上描述之一致的總體命名空間。 鎖疋重新判定(Lock Reassertion) ‘ 元資料伺服器3 0 5失效的時候,透過客戶端程式
五、發明說明(21) 40 0,客戶端電腦3〇1可以 3 〇 5所保持的鎖定。因 、彳疋對新的元資料伺服器 新元資料伺服器305的鎖〜戶端電腦301可以重新判定對應 下,由於伺服器故障疋^因此在之前的儲存系統架構 所引起的槽案說誤問題將可被避免。 圖5係在伺服器故 元資料伺服器重新判〜六下’客戶端程式400對新的 5。卜新的元資料伺服二〇5以;;=圖》在步驟 器。在步驟5 0 2當中,一玄、山 接e失效的兀資料伺服 偵測到舊的元資料伺服哭程式400透過控制網路306 步驟503中與新的元資。客戶端程式400在 中,客戶端程式400^!2:二3〇5建立連接。在步驟5〇4 保持的存取鎖定。在步上:對f的70資料伺服器305所 客戶端程式400發送―痛印:谂新的兀資料伺服器305對 戶端程式4。。的4列=二確;代表已收到來自於客 料飼服写3 0 5接菩^ 在步驟5〇6中,新的元資 的二^ 開始實踐來自於客戶端程式4_已確認 同供諸存系統的問題是,#客戶想要用來自不 全部:資料二=服器來取代舊的檔案伺服器時,需要將 =資以r元資料飼服器移動到新的元資= 運接到儲存網路304之儲存池裡的資料不需要被移 200422855 五、發明說明(22) 動。因為元資料只 要轉移資料而節省 元的元資料會比移 ,資,大小的1%到10%,客戶由於不需 大里的時間。舉例來說,移動一兆位 百兆位元的資料來的快。 圖6係替換儲存备 圖。在步驟Θ01中,f、、充〇〇裡的元資料伺服器305之流程 根目錄(Root)發出一斤的元資料伺服器305針對檔案系統的 容包含所有子目錄w個『READDIR』的指令。根目錄的内 回覆。在步驟603,新^槽案名稱的列表,在步驟602中被 檔案發出一查峋,w的疋貧料伺服器305對每一個回覆的 資料。在步Γ6〇4中Λ區塊位址上關於#案及資訊的元 案連接的回:資i Λ失於效的元資料飼服器上目錄及播 在步驟6 05中,儲存系曰絲輸入到新的元資料伺服器305。 一個『mDDIR』^對每個㈤覆目錄或子目錄發出 體#幸_ @ & i i在步驟606中,儲存系統會確認整 體檔案匕層(槽案樹,file tree)是否有祐搶麻 (traversed)。如果右,接從 遍歷 办占上m止 果有替換兀資料伺服器305的程序就算 =所606所指示的,s"。若否,對播案系統 牛驟6〇tf/ ’整個程序會從步驟60 2再重複-次,如同 步驟602所指示的” N0,,。 雖然本發明以實施例揭露如上,然其並非用以限定本 發明任何熟習此技藝者,在不脫離本發明之精神和範園 内,s可作各種之更動與潤飾,因此本發明之保護範園當 視後附之申請專利範圍所界定者為準。.
4IBM03131TW.ptd 第28頁 200422855 圖式簡單說明 五、【圖式簡單說明】 所附圖式係為配合說明書解釋本發明。 圖1是習知技術之一儲存系統方塊圖,利用一檔案伺服器 來提供不同的客戶端電腦間之資料共享; 圖2顯示習知技術之一檔案伺服器之檔案階層; 圖3是一方塊圖,說明根據本發明的分散式儲存系統組 件; 圖4是一方塊圖,說明根據本發明之支援客戶端程式的具 體實施例; 圖5是一流程圖,說明在一伺服器故障的例子下,客戶端 程式對新的元資料伺服器重新判定存取鎖定的程序;及 圖6是一流程圖,說明根據本發明的情形下,從故障的元 資料伺服器移動資料到新的元資料伺服器的程序。 ※元件符號說明 101電腦 1 0 3電腦 1 0 5檔案伺服器 3 0 0儲存系統 3 0 2資料儲存 3 0 4儲存網路 3 0 6控制網路 3 0 9元資料伺服器 1 0 2電腦 1 0 4網路標準協定 1 0 6磁碟 3 0 1客戶端電腦 3 0 3儲存裝置 3 0 5元資料伺服器 3 0 7元資料儲存 3 1 0管理客戶端
4IBM03131TW.ptd 第29頁 200422855 圖式簡單說明 4 0 1使用者空間 4 0 3稽案系統介面 4 0 5作業系統服務 4 0 7記憶體子系統 4 0 9元資料伺服器 4 1 1核心空間 4 0 2使用者應用 4 0 4客戶狀態管理器 4 0 6裝置驅動器 4 0 8元資料伺服器叢集 4 1 0儲存槽協定
4IBM03131TW.ptd 第30頁
Claims (1)
- 200422855 六、申請專利範圍 1 · 一種分散式儲存系統 資料; 複數個元資料伺 端電腦; ^ -1 ^ ^5 ^ ^ ^ ^ 一 j數個料,池,供儲存該複數個客戶端電腦所存取; 服器’提供一元資料給該複數個客戶 一儲存網路,連接兮遂私初& 存池; μ複數個客戶端電腦與該複數個儲 一控制網路,連接該複數個客 資料伺服器; 戶端電腦與該複數個 7C 資料其:透:ΪΪΓ客戶端電腦透過該儲存網路來存取兮 貝料,並透過§亥控制網路來存取該元資料。 仔取该 1 2 ·如申請專利範圍第1項 一該客戶端電腦都有一客戶之刀政式儲存系統,其中每 池以及該複數個元資料飼服;=溝:來與該複數個储存 3·如申請專利範圍第2項% protocol ) 客戶端程式使用一儲存槽二之分散式儲存系統,其中該 來與該複數個元資料“器;Tank 4.如請專利範圍第2項所述之分散式 客戶端程式包含一槽案系統八 二 諸存糸統,其中該 一檔案系統與複數個使用面’該檔案系統介面用來讓 應用進行溝通,-客戶狀態管 m 4IBM03131TW.ptd 第31頁 200422855 六、申請專利範圍 理器用來提供資料一致性(data consistency),以及複數 個作業系統服務(operating system service)用來與該複 數個元資料伺服器進行溝通。 5·如申請專利範圍第4項所述之分散式儲存系統,其中該 客戶狀態管理器使用複數個資料存取鎖定(data access lock)來提供資料一致性。 6 ·如申請專利範圍第5項所述之分散式儲存系統,其中該 複數個資料存取鎖定包含複數個對話鎖定(sessi〇n i〇ck) 以及複數個資料鎖定。 7·如申請專利範圍第2項所述之分散式儲存系統,其中該 客戶端程式以基於Unix的“客戶端電腦上與一虛擬檔案系 統(Virtual File System,VFS)介面進行溝通。 8·如/請專利範圍第2項所述之分散式儲存系統,其中該 客戶端程式在基於Windows的一客戶端電腦上與一可、 式檔案系統(installable File System,IFS)介面進行溝 通Λ 1種k供㈣共享的方法,使用在—分散 中,該分散式儲存系統被不同之複數個客 帝存糸、、、充 取,該方法包含: 魏個客戶&電腦所存4IBM03131TW.ptd 第32頁 六、申請專利範園 將資科儲存在遂w Μ -儲存網路來鱼兮複儲存池中,該複數個儲存池藉由 將一分次二複數個客戶端電腦連結; 元資料伺服藉::3數個元資料伺服器,,該複數個 結,·以及 控制網路來與該複數個客戶端電腦連 在每"亥複數個客戶端電腦上提供一作掌系 + ^^^(〇Perati^syst^^ speciHc ^ =一用來存取該複數個元資料飼服器和該:個錯 ’其中該客戶端程 伺服器進行溝通。 1 0 ·如申睛專利範圍第9項所述之方法 式使用一儲存槽協定來與該複數元資料 •申岣專利範圍第1 〇項所述之方法,其中該客戶端程 式包含一槽案系統介面,該檔案系統介面用來讓一棺案系 統以及複數個使用者應用進行溝通,一客戶狀態^田 來提供資料一致性,以及複數個作業系統服務用來與該複 數個元資料伺服器進行溝通。 1 2 ·如申凊專利範圍第11項所述之方法,其中該客戶狀態 管理器使用複數個資料存取鎖定來提供資料一致性。 “ 1 3 ·如申請專利範圍第丨2項所述之方法,其中該複數個資 料存取鎖定包含複數個對話鎖定以及複數個資料鎖定。200422855 六、申請專利範圍 Γ以;Π專利範圍第9項所述之方法,其中該客戶端程 式以基於Unix的一客戶端電腦上與一虛擬编程 (Virtual File System,VFS)介面進行溝 ^了”、、、 該客戶端程 統 nnstallableFlleSy:==c==索系 16· 種電腦程式產品,供一分勒》 分散式儲存系统被不π 、舍 工諸存糸統所使用,該 腦程式產Πΐ 複數個客戶端電腦所存取,該電 一電腦可讀取媒體; 資料存裝4 ’提供於該電腦可讀取媒體,供財 =t於複數個儲存池令,該複數個 j存 來與該複數個客戶端電腦連結;Μ藉由储存網路 存-元裝置’提供於該電腦可讀取媒體,供儲 口貝枓在後數個元資料伺服器中,該複數個元次 服器藉由一控制網路來im 貝料伺 一存敌駐里 與複數客戶端電腦連結;以及 數個客戶端電腦上sm?:讀取媒體,在每一該複 (-min"ys^供一作f業系統限定之客戶端程式 取該複數個元資料杓SPeC C ent Pr〇gram),用來存 70貝科伺服器和該複數個儲存池。 Η 4IBM03131TW.ptd 第34頁 200422855 1 7.如申請專利範圍第1 6項所述之電腦程式產品’其中該 客戶端程式使用一儲存槽協定來與該複數元資料飼服器進 行溝通。 1 8 ·如申請專利範圍第1 7項所述之電腦程式產品,其中該 客戶端程式包含一檔案系統介面’該樓案系統介面用來讓 一檔案系統以及複數個使用者應用進行溝通’一客戶狀態 管理器用來提供資料一致性(data consistency),以及複 數個作業系統服務(operating system service)用來與該 複數個元資料伺服器進行溝通。 1 9 ·如申請專利範圍第1 8項所述之電腦程式產品,其中該 客戶狀態管理器使用複數個資料存取鎖定(data access lock)來提供資料一致性。 2 0 ·如申請專利範圍第1 9項所述之電腦程式產品’其中該 複數個資料存取鎖定包含複數個對話鎖定(session lock) 以及複數個資料鎖定。 2 1 ·如申請專利範圍第1 6項所述之電腦程式產品,其中該 客戶端程式以基於Unix的一客戶端電腦上與一虛擬檔案系 統(Virtual File System,VFS)介面進行溝通。 2 2 .如申請專利範圍第1 6項所述之電腦程式產品,其中該4IBM03131TW.ptd 第35頁 200422855 六、申請專利範圍 客戶端程式在基於Windows的一客戶端電腦上與一可安裝 式樓案系統 (Installable File System,IFS)介面進行 溝通。4IBM03131TW.ptd 第36頁
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