TW200406486A - Method and composition for using stabilized beta-carotene as cetane improver in hydrocarbonaceous diesel fuels - Google Patents

Abstract

A diesel fuel additive is provided that includes beta-carotene stabilized with 2,2,4- trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline. The additive may be added to any liquid hydrocarbon fuel, solid hydrocarbon fuel, or other hydrocarbonaceous combustible fuel to reduce emissions of undesired compounds during combustion of the fuel, provide improved fuel economy, engine cleanliness and/or performance. A method for preparing additive is also provided.

Description

200406486 Tritium fiber: [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a β-carotene and 252,4-trifluorenyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-diargon quinine Diesel additives. This additive can be added to any liquid hydrocarbon fuel or other carbon-based fuel oil to reduce the unwanted composition produced during fuel combustion and improve the fuel oil's economic benefits, engine cleanliness, and / or which performed. In addition, a method for preparing the additive is also provided. [Prior technology] A typical hydrogen-breaking fuel system contains a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. The main component is a molecule containing hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms in various configurations. In addition, a variety of additives are included in typical hydrocarbon fuels, including detergents, anti-oxidants, anti-icing agents, emulsifiers, residue inhibitors, dyes, deposition modifiers, and non-oxidants such as oxygenators. Hydrocarbons. When such hydrides break down, various pollutants are produced. These combustion products include ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and ships.Enviromental Protection

The Agency (EPA) and California Air Hesouiees BGatd (CARB) have established relevant air quality standards for these pollutants. The two organizations have also developed specifications for low-emission gasoline. On March 1, 1996, the second phase of California ’s

Phase II California RefOrmulated GasOline (caRFG2) stipulates the official launch. Governor Davis also signed an executive order 200406486 on March 25, 1999, which will make California gasoline no longer contain methyl tretiary butyl ether (MTBE) by December 31, 2000. The Phase III California Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG3) regulations were also approved on August 3, 2000, and came into effect on September 2, 2000. CaRFG2 and CaRFG3 specifications are shown in Table A below.

Table A Phase II and Phase III California New Formula Gasoline Specification Minimum Standard General Standard Highest Standard ~ CaRFG Phase 1 CaRFG Phase 2 CaRFG Phase 3 CaRFG Phase 1 CaRFG Phase 2 CaRFG Phase 3 CaRFG Phase 1 CaRFG Phase 2 CaRFG Phase 3 Vapor Pressure (psi) n / a 7.0 7.0 or 6.9 7.8 n / an / an / a 7.0 6.4-7.2 Sulfur Content (ppm) n / a 40 20 151 30 15 n / a 80 60 30 Benzene content (vol%) n / a 1.0 0.8 1.7 0.8 0.7 n / a 1.2 1.1 Aromatic content (vol%) n / a 25 25 32 22 22 n / a 30 35 Ethylene content (vol%) n / a 6.0 6.0 9.6 4.0 4.0 n / a 10.0 10.0 T50 (° F) n / a 210 213 212 200 203 n / a 220 220 T90 (° F) n / a 300 305 329 290 295 n / a 330 330 Oxygen content (weight %) N / a 1.8-2.2 1.8-2.2 n / an / an / an / a 1.8-3.5 1.8-3.5 0-3.5 Γ 0-3.5 MTBE and other oxygenating agents (except ethanol) n / an / a Prohibited n / an / an / an / an / a Prohibited n / a: Not applicable

Major oil companies have also worked hard to change their gasoline formulations to meet EPA and CARB standards. The most common method used to produce gasoline blends that meet these standards is to adjust the petroleum refining process to produce a compliant fuel base. However, this method has several disadvantages, including the high cost of re-refining process, the possible adverse effects on the quality and quality of other refined products, and the limitation of process flexibility for the manufacture of the aforementioned fuel base. Like gasoline, diesel may also be subject to certain circumstances. Unless poor quality diesel meets this standard, will it not be available for sale. This is also typically achieved by adjusting the refining process, but it also has the same problems and disadvantages as the petroleum refining process that raises the fuel base. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Traditionally used to produce high quality diesel with acceptable cetane number has several major disadvantages. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a preparation method that can improve diesel oil and is no longer plagued by these disadvantages. Here is provided a diesel fuel additive and diesel fuel method containing β-carotene, which is performed in a general environment without the necessity of circulating in an inert gas as in the prior art. The diesel additive provided here can be combined with conventional diesel to produce a diesel with an improved sixteen burning value. Because this addition improves diesel, it is possible to avoid refining to improve the high product cost and equipment cost that would be possible with diesel. This additive can also be used with other oils, jet fuel, two-stroke fuel, coal, and other hydrocarbons. The above-mentioned standards for adjusting the production yield and insured standards may be achieved. The same refining quality allows the preparation method to be implemented in the field. The use of the agent system, such as the production of gasoline fuel 5 5 ° 200406486 combined use of 'by reducing the combustion of pollutants emitted during the combustion of fuel' to improve the efficiency of the fuel agent and / or provide other advantages in the first embodiment A diesel cetane improver is provided. The cetane number improver includes Buhu and 2,2,4-trifluorenyl-6-ethenyl-12-dihydrofluorin. In the second embodiment, a diesel cetane number improver is provided. The cetane number improver includes an additive capable of improving cetane number, which is selected from the group consisting of carotene, carotenoid beta, carotene derivative, and precursor. Carotenoid derivatives, carotenoid precursor light compounds, and mixtures thereof; one can inhibit the cetane improving additive so that it is not stabilized by oxygen compounds; in the second In one aspect of the embodiment, the stabilization compound includes trisino-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydrovalin. In one aspect of the second embodiment, the cetane number improves an oily extract of a plant and a heat stabilizer. In one aspect of the second embodiment, the oily extract of the plant is an oily extract of a legume. In one aspect of the second embodiment, the oily extract of the plant is an oily extract of barley. In one aspect of the second embodiment, the plant is an oily extract of chlorophyll. In one of the complaints of the second embodiment, the heat stabilizer (stabilizer) includes a C20-C22 linear monounsaturated carboxylic acid g, and an improved value improving agent radish; an improving agent, an agent, which is a carotene, The added stability of the long-chain alkane number includes 2,2,4- the agent further includes the output including the output including the output including I (thermal: the target class. 200406486 In one aspect of the second embodiment, the plant The oily extracts include oily extracts of barley and a heat stabilizer including j ojoba oil. In one aspect of the second embodiment, the cetane number improver further includes a Diluent. In one aspect of the second embodiment, the diluent is selected from the group of substances including toluene, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect of the second embodiment, In one aspect, the cetane number improving agent further comprises an oxygenating agent (〇xygenate). In one aspect of the second embodiment, the oxygenating agent (OXygenate) is selected from the following substance groups, including Methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl ether, tert-butyl ether, and tert-pentyl ether, and mixtures thereof In one aspect of the second embodiment, the cetane number improving agent further comprises at least one additional additive, which is selected from the group of substances including octane number improving agents and cetane number improving agents. Agents, cleaners, defoamers, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, accelerated ignition agents, dispersants, anti-knock additives, anti-run-on additives ), Anti-pre-ignition additives, anti-misfire additives, anti-wear additives, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, vegetable oily extracts, defoamers, vehicles Fluids, solvents, fuel-promoting additives, emission reduction additives, lubricity improvers, and mixtures thereof. In one aspect of the first embodiment, the β-carotene and 2,2,4-triamidine in the additive The ratio of the number of grams of the base-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroxoline ranges from about 200,406,486 20: 1 to about 1: 1. In one aspect of the first embodiment, the β in the additive -Carotene with 2,2,4 -trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1, The ratio of grams of 2-dihydroρ quelin is between about 15: 1 to about 5: 1. In one aspect of the first embodiment, the β-carotene and 2,2,4-in the additive The ratio of grams of trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-diazine is about 10: 1 °. In one aspect of the second embodiment, the diesel cetane number improver further includes 2-Ethylhexyl nitrate. In a third embodiment, a diesel oil containing additives is provided. The diesel oil includes a fuel base oil and a fuel additive for improving cetane number. The fuel additive includes β- Carotene and 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-diazepine. In a fourth embodiment, a diesel oil containing additives is provided. The diesel oil includes a fuel base oil and a fuel additive for improving the sixteen calorific value. The fuel additive includes an additive capable of improving the sixteen calorific value. It is selected from the group consisting of carotene, carotenoids, carotene derivatives, carotene precursors, carotenoid derivatives, carotenoid precursors, long-chain ene compounds and mixtures thereof; Additives with six calorific values make the stable compounds not to be oxidized. In one aspect of the fourth embodiment, the fuel includes about 0.00025 g to about 0.05 g of beta-carotene per 3,785 ml of diesel fuel containing additives, or about 3,785 ml The additive diesel contains about 0.000 0 25 grams to about 0.005 grams of ethoxyquin. 200406486 In one aspect of the fourth embodiment, the fuel includes about 0.00053 g to about 0.021 g of beta-carotene per 3,785 ml of diesel containing additives, or about 3,785 ml The additive diesel oil contains about 0.000053 grams to about 0.0021 grams of ethoxylated quinol ((οΐΐιοχγςιίη). In a fifth embodiment, a method for preparing an additive-containing diesel is provided. The method includes the following steps: a step of preparing a first additive. The first additive is obtained by adding β-carotene, ethoxyline, A combination of jojoba oil and a diluent. Each 3785 ml of the first additive includes about 4 ml of oil recovery oil, about 4 grams of beta-carotene, and about 0.4 grams of ethoxylate. ; A step of preparing a second additive, the second additive is obtained by combining the oily extracts of barley, jojoba oil, and a diluent, at 3 78 5 ml of the first additive; The two additives include about 4 milliliters of oil recovery oil and about 19.36 grams of barley oily extracts; and the step of adding the first additive and the second additive to a diesel base oil to prepare a diesel oil containing additives So that each 375 milliliter of the additive-containing diesel contains about 0.15 milliliter to about 20 milliliter of the first additive and so that every 375 milliliter of the additive-containing diesel contains about 0.1 3 亳 to about 3.6 Second additive liter. In a fifth embodiment, a method for preparing an additive-containing diesel oil is provided. The method includes the following steps: a step of preparing a first additive, wherein the first additive is prepared by adding β-carotene and ethoxylate , Jojoba oil, and a diluent, and each 3,785 liters of this first additive includes about 32 milliliters of oil recovery, about 32 grams of beta-carotene, and about 3.2 grams Ethoxyxoline; step of preparing a second additive, 9 200406486

The second additive is obtained by combining the oily extract of barley, j 〇 〇ba oil, and a diluent. The second additive is included in every 375 milliliters of the second additive. About 32 milliliters of oil recovery and about 155 grams of barley oily extracts; and a step of adding the first additive and the second additive to a diesel base oil to prepare a diesel oil containing additives such that each 3785 milliliters of the additive-containing diesel contains about 0.0625 milliliters to about 0.625 milliliters of the first additive and each 37.5 milliliter of the additives-containing diesel contains about 0.3 milliliters to about 0.4 5 Ml of the second additive. In a sixth embodiment, a gum precipitation inhibitor (guminhibit) is provided for gasoline. The gum precipitation inhibitor includes 2,2,4-trisino-6-ethoxy ** 1, 2-Diaz peak p. In a seventh embodiment, a gasoline composition comprising 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroline is provided. In one aspect of the seventh embodiment, the concentration of 2,2,4-trisino-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydrophosphonium in the gasoline composition is from about 50 ppm to about 1 0 0 0 ppm.

In one aspect of the seventh embodiment, the concentration of 2,2,4-trisino-6-ethoxy_1,2-dihydrofluoroline in the gasoline composition is about 1000 ppm. To about 500 ppm. In one aspect of the seventh embodiment, the 2,2,4 ** concentration of trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydrofluoroline in the gasoline composition is about 200 ppm to Between about 400 ppm. 10 200406486 [Embodiment] Foreword The content and preferred embodiments of the present invention are detailed in the following description and examples. Those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made to the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the following preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Additive formulations that improve cetane number The additive formulations that reduce emissions include two components: β-carotene or a suitable substitute as described below; -1,2-Dihydroline or a suitable substitute as described below. In a preferred embodiment, the additive formulation further comprises a conventional sixteen calorific value modifier, such as 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, which can be used as a selective additive. Basically, almost all uses of petrochemical energy involve combustion, that is, combining fuel with oxygen in the air and releasing thermal energy through oxidation. When the fuel and oxygen are heated to a sufficiently high temperature, they will react so that they can overcome the cetane threshold energy level. This "energy threshold" is also called "Arrhenius Activation Energy", which is related to temperature. The higher the temperature, the lower the energy required to overcome the activation energy. The activation energy can also be reduced by other means, for example, using a catalyst. The additives and catalysts used in the preferred embodiments are different because it is generally believed that in addition to reducing the activation energy, the additives will also be consumed in the reaction. In contrast, the catalyst promotes the reaction by reducing the activation energy, but its 200406486

It is not itself consumed during the reaction (ie, burning). Without being limited to any theory, it is generally believed that the active material in the formulation of the preferred embodiment (which is typically derived from plants and other renewable biodegradable material sources) can weaken the length before reaching the burning temperature Chain hydrocarbon bonding force. Additives also bind to oxygen in the fuel-air mixture, which promotes oxygen and hydrocarbons closer to each other below the molecular level. Improved mixing and lower activation energy enable more complete combustion and reduce the amount of unwanted by-products (such as monoxide breakdown and emissions of hydrocarbons), while improving overall combustion efficiency. Passing a lower combustion temperature before a flatter flame generally also results in lower nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions. In the early (1920s, Charles F Kettering et al.) Research on tetraethyl boats and other anti-knock additives, it was generally believed that small amounts of additives may have a significant impact on the flame front end in an internal combustion engine cylinder.

Although it is generally believed that certain components in the formulation of the preferred embodiment will be combined with oxygen during the combustion process, it is generally not regarded as an "oxygenating agent". This term is generally used for hydrocarbon-based Fuel formula. "Oxygenating agents", such as tert-butyl methyl ether (MTBE) and ethanol, are all compounds containing oxygen in the molecular chain. When fuel and air are heated in the presence of an oxygenating agent (for example, MTBE), the oxygenating agent will decompose and release free radicals when ignited. The released free radicals can accelerate the cleavage of the hydrocarbon chains and promote combustion. Oxygenating agents release free radicals only when they reach the ignition temperature, and because they suppress combustion in front of the flame front, they can also be used as octane enhancers. When the fuel and air system is heated in the presence of the preferred embodiment formulation, the composition in the formulation is 12 200406486 to help weaken the hydrocarbon structure and capture oxygen. The closer the combustion agent is, the lower the activation energy and accelerated combustion. The formulation of the preferred embodiment can also make the flame front-end burning smoother and provide more uniform thermal dispersion, better combustion stoichiometry (air-to-fluorine to fuel ratio) and create an energy difference to help prevent carbon buildup. The role of oxygenators can be analogized as "pushing" oxygen into the combustion reaction, because it releases oxygen from the original stable structure; as for the formula of the preferred embodiment, it can be considered as "pulling" oxygen from the fuel-air mixture Come out "and let it enter the combustion process.

Without being limited to any theory, it is generally believed that compounds containing long hydrocarbon chains (mainly hydrocarbon chains containing 5, 6, or 7 carbon atoms, preferably hydrocarbons containing 8 or 9 slave atoms) Chain, more preferably contains 10, 1 1,

1 2, 丨 3,1,4,1,5,1,6,1 7 '1, 18, 19 or 20 carbon atom hydrocarbon chains)' The hydride length preferably has one, two or three In the case of combustion, particularly reactive olefins are said to be bonded. According to this, long chain meridian compounds (unsaturated), such as β-carotene, can provide a better cetyl burning value improvement effect, especially when used with additives known to improve cetane number (eg, 2 Compared with 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2EΗN). It is known that when an β-carotene-containing additive prepared in an inert soil environment is added to a diesel oil in an inert environment, it is an effective and can improve the use of diesel oil. Burn-in additive. See 2 patents filed April 12, 001, currently pending; pct patent WO00 / 79398; US patents filed February 26, 2002, currently pending; US patent 1 0/0 8 4, 83 8. U.S. Patent No. 10 / 〇84,602 filed on February 26, 2002; U.S. Patent No. 13 filed on February 26, 2002 13 200406486; 84,603, U.S. Patent No. 10/0, filed on February 26, 2002, currently pending; 84,237, U.S. Patent 10 / 0,84,83, filed on February 26, 2002; 5, U.S. Patent No. 10 / 084,60, filed on February 26, 2002, currently pending; U.S. Patent 1, 0,08,836, 2002, filed on February 26, 2002 U.S. Patent No. 10 / 084,5 79 filed on February 26, 2014, U.S. Patent No. 10/0 84,243, filed on February 26, 2002, February 2002 26 U.S. Patent No. 1 / 084,8 3 currently filed for filing 3, February 2002 26 U.S. Patent No. 10/0 84, 23 6, 2002 pending for filing 26 February 26 said that the proposal is still U.S. patents under application 1 0/08 4,83 1. PCT patents filed on February 26, 2002, which are still pending; WO 02/06 1 3 7, and applications filed on February 26, 2002, which are still pending Canadian patent 2,373,327 in application. In contrast, when β-carotene is added to diesel oil according to a conventional preparation method (that is, under normal circumstances), the β-carotene rapidly loses its function as an effective cetane number improver. . Many studies have been conducted on the stability of carotenoids and other carotene and carotenoids, especially the stability of these compounds in food and food products. \ Ί. See I. For example, ’’ Stability of β-Carotene in Isolated Systems ”in J. Food Technol. (1 979) 1 4 (6), 527-32; uUse of

Carotene in Extrusion-Cooking " in Ind. Aliment. Agric. (1 9 8 6) 1 03 (6), 527-32; " Thermal Degradation of β-

Carotene-Formulation of Nonvolatile Compound by 14 200406486

Thermal Degradation of β-Caroiene: Protection by Antioxidants ^ in Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 2 1 3 (1992), Acad. Press, Inc., 12 9-142; US Patent 4,504,499 entitled “Heat-Stabilized, Carotenoid-Colored Edible Oils "\" β-

Lactoglobulin Protects β-Ionone-Related Compound from Degradation by Heating, Oxidation, and Irradiation ”in Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. (1995) 59 (12), 2295-2297;“ Study of the Effect of Some Antioxidants on the Stability of β -Caro tene in an Ointment Containing Extracts from Flos amicae and Herba calendulain Herba Pol. (19 8 1) 2 7 (1), 39-43; "Thermal Degradation of All-Trans-Beta-

Carotene in the presence of Phenylalanine ^ in J. Sci. Food Agri. (1 994) 65 (4), 373-9; ^ Kinetics of All-Trans-Beta-Car ote ne Degradation on Heating With and Without Phenylalanine " in J . Am. Oil Chem. Soc. (1 994) 71 (8), 893-6; ^ Proposal of a Mechanism for the Inhibition of

All-Trans-Beta-Carotene aut oxidation at Elevated Temp er ature by N- (2-phenylethyl) -3,4-Diphenylpyrrole ”in Food chem. (1 995) 54 (3), 251-3;“ The Stability of Beta-Carotene Under Different Laboratory conditions ^ in J. Nutr. Biochem. (1992) 3 (3), 124-8; ^ Inhibition of Beta-Carotene Oxidation in an Aromatic Solvent " in Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSR, Ser. Khim. (1972) (2) 5312-16; " Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation and Stabilization of Beta-Carotene "in Vitam. 200406486

Vitam. Prep. (1 973) 232-40; " Efficient Search for new Antioxidants as Stabilizers of Carotene in Dehydrated Feeds " in Fiziol.-biokhim. Osn. Povysh. Prod. SeTskokhoz. Zhivotn. (1 971 0 232-41 ; and "Tetrahydroquinone

Derivatives as Feed Antioxidants'1 'in Sin. Is s 1 ed. Eff. Khim. Polim. Mater. (1 970) (4), 283 -8.

Attempts have been made to package β-carotene and other carotenoids in capsules and use other preservative and protection methods to improve their stability. See I `` Comparison of Spray Drying, Drum Drying and Freeze Drying for Beta-Carotene Encapsulation and Preservation "in J. Food. Sci · (1997) 62 (6), 11 58-1162; uPreservation of β-Carotene from Carrots " in Crit. Rev. Food. Sci. Nutr. (1998) 38 (5), 381-396; ^ Influence of Mai to dext r in Systems at an Equivalent 2 5 DE on encapsulated β-Carotene "in J. food Process. Preserv. (1 999) 23 (1), 3 9-55; ^ Kinetic

Studies of Degradation of S a ffr ο n Carotenoids Encapsulated in Amorpohous Polymer Martices " in Food Chemistry (2000) 71 (2), 199-206; ^ Stability of Spray-Dried Encapsulated Carrot Carotenes, in J. Food Sci. (1 995) 60 (5), 1048-53 · But none of these references mentions that when β_carotene or other carotenoids are used as a sixteen calorific value improver, it can be combined with β_carotene or other Stabilizers or preservation methods used with carotenoids; moreover, none of the literature discusses the addition of cetane number improvers containing β_carotene 16 200406486 to fuels or fuels stored at room temperature under normal circumstances In order to preserve the effectiveness of its method to improve cetane number characteristics. Unexpectedly, it is known that beta-carotene or other carotene or carotenoids, when used in combination with certain stable ingredients, or processed with certain preservation techniques, are formulated under general conditions to An additive package, or when it is added to diesel oil that has additives stored under normal conditions, it can retain its ability to effectively improve the sixteen burning value additive. β-carotene One of the preferred embodiment formulations is β-carotene. The β-carotene can be added to the base formula as a separate component in a purified form or in another natural form, for example, an oily extract of a plant described below. Beta-carotene is a high molecular weight antioxidant. In plants, it acts as a substance that can capture oxygen free radicals to protect chlorophyll from oxidation. Beta-carotene can be in natural form or artificially synthesized. Preferably, β-carotene is a natural form and a mixture containing its natural isomers, that is, a mixture consisting of its cis- and trans-isomers. The β-carotene can also be a synthetic form, but contains a mixture of isomers similar to the natural β-carotene. In other embodiments, β-carotene preferably contains all trans-β-carotene, all cis-β-carotene, or cis-β-carotene in different proportions and A mixture of trans-β-carotene. Other isomers, mirror isomers, stereoisomers or substituted β-carotene may also be used. 17 200406486 In a preferred embodiment, β-carotene is provided in a form equivalent to vitamin A having 1.6 million units of vitamin A activity. Higher or lower vitamin A activity can also be used. Adjust the amount of β-carotene according to the level of required activity. Preferably, the amount is adjusted to an amount that provides about 1.6 million units of vitamin A activity. For example, if the purity is 800,000 units of vitamin A activity, the dosage must be doubled to achieve the desired activity. Beta-carotene or other carotene or carotenoid precursors, derivatives, or substitutes, such as vitamin A, may be used in preferred embodiments. Alkoxylated derivatives of β-carotene and carotenoids, including methoxylated and ethoxylated derivatives; and β-carotene and carotenoid esters can also be used. Suitable substituents may include substituents such as hydrogenated carbon groups, including straight and branched chain hydrogenated carbon groups, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aromatic groups, alkylaromatic groups, aromatic alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, Alkynyl, and any combination thereof. A heteroatom-substituted group or a group having other substituents may also be used. In addition, all forms of isomers, including stereoisomers, geometric isomers, optical isomers, and mirror isomers, can be used in the present invention. Although it is preferred to use β-carotene in many embodiments, in some embodiments it may be preferable to use other carotene or carotenoid instead of β-carotene, such as α-carotene or the following Carotenoids. Alternatively, β-carotene may be supplemented with other compositions, including but not limited to, α-carotene, or other carotenoids from the following substances: algaexeaxabthin, cryptoxanthin, serotonin 1 yc 〇pene), lipopigment (1 utei η), broccoli concentrate, cabbage concentrate, tomato concentrate, kale concentrate, cabbage concentrate, Brussels sprouts 18 200406486 concentrate and phospholipids, green tea Extract, milk thistle extract, curcumin extract, quercetin, bromelain, cranberry and cranberry powder extract, pineapple extract Extracts, pineapple leaf extracts, rosemary extracts, grape seed extracts, ginkgo extracts, polystyrene @ classification, scutellaria baicalensis 1, ginger root extracts, spinach berry extracts, Bilberry extract, butylated hydroxybenzene (BHT), oily extract of calendula, including carrots, fruits, vegetables, flowers, grasses, natural extracts, leaves of trees, leaves of hedges, hay, any Any living plant or number An oily extract of one or all plants, combinations or mixtures thereof. Particularly good lines use vegetative carotenoids with certain potency, including those containing lycopene, lutein, alpha-carotene, carotenoids from carrots or algae, betatene ) And natural carrot extract. Particularly preferred is the use of plant-based carotenoids instead of or in combination with β-carotene. In the preferred embodiment, any suitable isomer or mixture of isomers of carotene or carotenoid may also be used. In some embodiments, a mixture of two or more carotenoids and / or carotenoids may also be used. The above-mentioned suitable carotenoids or carotenoids include compounds containing a long hydrocarbon chain having one, two, three, or more olefinic bonds (ie, containing about 5, 6, or 7 carbon atoms, It is preferably about 8 to 9 carbon atoms, and more preferably about 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 or more carbon atoms). Such compounds can also be used in combination with carotene and / or carotenoids. Carotenoids, carotenoids, or their precursors, or derivatives thereof derived from 19 200406486, may also be natural (ie, purified from plants) or synthetic. It can also be prepared by genetically modified microorganisms (ie, algae, bacteria, microorganisms, or plants). Particularly preferred is the use of a carotenoid or carotenoid or related compound produced by a genetically modified plant. The gene of the genetically modified plant can produce a considerable amount of carotenoid or carotenoid or related compound, or can Produces a relevant high amount of a particular preferred isomer, or a carotene or a carotenoid or a combination of other constituents capable of producing a particular ratio. Without being limited to a particular mechanism, it is generally believed that the carotene in the formulation of the preferred embodiment can capture oxygen free radicals during combustion, either as an oxygen dissolving agent or as an available air / fuel during combustion. Substances that use oxygen molecules. Beta-carotene is typically added to diesel formulations in liquid form. In addition to being added to fuel formulations in liquid form, β-carotene can also be added in solid form, for example, in a dehydrated form, or in liquid or solid form embedded in capsules, as described in more detail below. Preserving and storing solutions or suspensions of β-carotene or other plant-based materials may also have some benefits, such as reducing weight and storage space, and increasing stability and resistance to oxidation. It may include freeze-drying, vacuum-drying or air-drying, freeze-spray drying, spray-drying, fluid-bed drying, and other conventional dehydration and storage methods to prepare dehydrated beta-carotene. The β-carotene in dehydrated form can be added directly to fuel oil in dehydrated form, or it can be added to fuel oil as a reconstituted liquid dissolved in a suitable solvent. In a preferred embodiment, a β-carotene-containing solid is added to the fuel. Suitable solid forms include but are not limited to troches, powders, embedded solids and / or embedded suspensions, etc. Other components may also be included in the carcass formula. Any suitable one can be used. The embedding material ’is preferably a polymer or other material that can be dissolved in the fuel to be added. • The embedding material can be released after being dissolved in the fuel.

Buried shellfish. Lozenges are preferably soluble in fuel for a certain period of time and can also be added to the spinner-co-solvents, such as active constituent particles or small particles that can be highly soluble in fuel-based 夤 Θ. A combination of solid and liquid methods can be used, and the solid can be added to the fuel at any better time, that is, directly added to the fuel tank of the car by the consumer, or added to the refined oil storage of Wei Wait. In certain specific embodiments, it may be preferable to use a combination of different forms of additives, that is, a combination of liquid and solid, which is well known and understood by those skilled in the art. Ethoxy-1,2-di The carbotenoid or other long-chain enol compound in the formulation of the preferred embodiment coexists with a stable compound. The stabilization compound makes carrots

It can maintain its ability to improve cetane number in the surrounding environment during the preparation of additive packaging, diesel addition process or diesel storage. In a specific embodiment, the stabilization compound includes a paprolene group, preferably 2,2,4-trisino-6-ethoxydihydrofluoroline, commonly referred to as ethoxylate Morpholine. This compound is commercially available under the trade name SANTOQUIN® (Solutia Inc., St. Louis, Missouri), and is widely used as an antioxidant for animal feed and excreta. 21 200406486 h3c

Other stable compounds suitable for β-carotene (or suitable substitutes, such as carotene, carotenoids, derivatives and precursors thereof, and long-chain unsaturated compounds) include butylated hydroxymethoxybenzene; Butylated hydroxybenzene; gallic acid esters such as octyl gallate, dodecyl gallate, and propyl gallate; fatty acid esters, including (but not limited to) Ester such as methyl linoleate, methyl oleate, methyl stearate and other esters such as ascorbyl palmitate; disulfiram; such as γ-fertility, fertility Tocopherols and tocopherol derivatives and precursors such as alpha and tocopherol; odorless extracts of rosemary; such as lauryl thiodipropionate or dilaurate thiodipropionate Propionates and thiopropionates; β-lactoglobulin; such as phenylalanine, cysteine, tryptophan, methionine, glutamic acid, glutamine, and Glutamate, Leucine, Tyrosine, Lysine, Serine, Histidine, Threonine, Aspartame, Glycine Amino acids such as acids, aspartic acid, isoleucine, valine, and alanine; 2,2,6,6-tetra-f-nitroazine epoxy, also commonly known as tannins; 2 , 2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxyazepine-1-oxy, also commonly known as tannin; difluorenyl-p-aniline phenoxysilane; di-22 200406486 p-aniline Shixi azo oxide; 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2,3,4-hydrogen p-quinoline; dihydrosantoquin, mountain road year Santoquin, p-hydroxydiphenylamine and its carboxylic acid esters, phenylenedicarboxylic acid esters, and fatty acid esters; and diludin, a 1,4-dihydrobiphenyl derivative. Particularly preferred β-carotene stabilizers include oil-soluble antioxidants, including but not limited to palmitate ascorbate, butylated hydroxyphenyloxybutylated hydroxybenzene, lecithin, propyl gallate , Α-tocopheryl phenyl-α-amidamine, hydroquinone, n-dihydroguaiaretic acid, a mixture of rosemary extracts and the like. In some specific embodiments, the stabilizers which can be used as β-carotene include traditional synthetic antioxidants and traditional natural antioxidants. The synthetic or natural antioxidants include, but are not limited to, vitamin C and its organisms (ascorbic acid); vitamin E and its derivatives (tocopherols and tocopherols); flavonoids and their derivatives (catechins), phenol Acids and their organisms; tert-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ); imidazolium urea, quaternary ammonium salt, carbamide urea; erythropoie acid; sodium erythroporate, lactic acid, ascorbyl sodium ascorbate, potassium ascorbate, ascorbic acid Base stearates, erythrobate sodium, erythritol sodium; butyrone; sodium lactate, potassium lactate, calcium lactate or magnesium lactate citrate; sodium citrate, monosodium, disodium or trisodium citrate ; Potassium citrate, monopotassium, dipotassium or tripotassium citrate; tartaric acid; sodium tartaric acid, monosodium or disodium tartaric acid; potassium tartarate, mono or dipotassium tartaric acid; sodium potassium tartarate Phosphoric acid; Sodium phosphate, monosodium phosphate disodium or trisodium salt; Potassium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, dipotassium salt, or tripotassium salt; tetra-p-quinolinic acid, etc .; derivative citrate potassium 23 200406486 tin chloride ; Lecithin; n-dihydroguaiaretic acid (ND GA); Alcohol esters of gallic acid; ascorbyl stearate; 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyfluorenoxybenzene; 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxymethoxybenzene; 1-cysteine Acid hydrogen chloride; guaiac gum; lecithin citrate; monoglyceryl citrate; isopropyl citrate; ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid; 2 6-tert-butyl-4 -hydroxy phenol; polyphosphate; three Hydroxybutoxyphenone; and anaerobic substances. Such as ascorbic acid, sodium meta-bisulfite, sodium hydrogen sulfite, sodium thiosulfite, sodium aldehyde sulfoxylate, iso-ascorbic acid, thioglycerol, thiosorbitol, thiourea, thioglycolic acid , Cysteine hydrogen chloride, 1,4-diazobicyclo- (2,2,2) -octane, hydroxysuccinic acid, trans-butenedioic acid, lycopene (1 y 〇pene) and its A water-soluble antioxidant such as a mixture thereof can also be used as a stable compound of β-carotene in the preferred embodiment. This type of water-soluble composition is preferably formulated as a diesel-compatible emulsion or embedded in a non-polar or lipophilic substance before being added to the diesel. Other suitable compositions for use as stabilizers include alkanes Phenols, such as mono-butylphenols, tetrabutylphenols, 2-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, ethylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4- N-butylphenol, 2,4,6 ~ tri-tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,2 Amidylene-bis (6-tert-butyl-4-fluorenylphenol), 3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid n-octadecane vinegar, 1,1 , 3-tris (3-tert-butyl-6-methyl-4-methylphenyl) butane, tetra [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ] Isoamyl tetraester, (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylfluorenyl) di-n-octadecyl phosphate, 2,4,6-tri- (3,5- 24 200406486 Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylfluorenyl) mesitylene, tris- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-yl) isocyanuric acid, derived from iso Co-ester compounds of pentaerythritol, (3- Alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -alkanol acids and alkylthioalkanoates or low-carbon alkyl esters of such acid compounds can be used as stabilizers for organic materials that are generally susceptible to oxidation and / or thermal decomposition; Reaction products of malonic acid, dodecyl aldehyde and tallow amine; large phenyl phosphate, large piperidinecarboxylic acid and metal salts thereof; 2,6-dihydroxy-9-azobicyclo [3.3.1] Acrylated derivatives of nonane; Bicyclic large amines; Sulfur-containing derivatives of dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyltriazine; Bicyclic large amino acids and their metal salts; Trialkyl hydroxybenzyl malonate Substituents; large piperidinecarboxylic acids and their metal salts; pyrrolidine dicarboxylic acids and their esters; metal salts of N, N'-disubstituted β-alanine; hydrogenated carbylthioalkenes Phosphites; hydroxybenzyl thioalkene phosphites; diphenylamine, dibenzylamine and phenylamidine with or without substituents, such as N, N, diphenylphenylenediamine, p-octyldiphenylamine , P-p-dioctyldiphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-fluorenamine, N-phenyl-2-fanamine, N- (p.dodecyl) phenyl-2-fluorenamine, di -1-Amine and di-2-Amine Ν- alkyl such as ethyl piperazine and thiazol-benzo-triazine or the like; a mixture of α- and the like, a lipid acid and the like; imine (bis-benzyl); emu oil. Not limited to a specific mechanism or theory, it is generally believed that the function of a stabilizing compound is like a preservative or a stabilizing agent. It can stabilize a compound by inhibiting the oxidation of carotene or other long-chain dilute compounds due to free radicals. purpose. When stabilizing compounds are used in combination with β-carotene, it is not necessary to prepare or store such fuel additives or fuels that already contain additives in an inert gas environment. Combining stabilization compounds such as ethoxyquin 25 200406486 (ethoxyquin) with compounds that improve cetane number, such as β-carotene or long-chain enols, may have an additive effect on improving cetane number The synergistic effect is shown in the following examples. Sixteen burning value improver

In certain embodiments, the additive or diesel may contain one or more traditional hexadecimal modifiers and / or accelerators (i g n i t i ο η ccelators). Preferred organic nitrates are alkyl nitrates with or without substituents or cycloalkyl nitrates with or without substituents. Such alkyl or cycloalkyl systems have up to 10 carbon atoms, preferably It has 2 to 10 carbon atoms. The alkyl or cycloalkyl may be straight or branched. Examples of nitrates suitable for use in the preferred embodiment include, but are not limited to, fluorenyl nitrate, ethyl nitrate, n-propyl nitrate, isopropyl nitrate, allyl nitrate, n- Butyl nitrate, isobutyl nitrate, secondary butyl nitrate, tert-butyl nitrate, n-pentyl nitrate, isoamyl nitrate, 2-pentyl nitrate, 3-pentyl Nitrate, tert-Λ-nitrate, n-hexyl nitrate, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, n-heptyl nitrate, secondary ... heptyl nitrate, n-octyl nitrate, secondary -Octyl nitrate, n-nonyl nitrate, n-decyl nitrate, n-dodecyl nitrate, cyclopentyl nitrate, cyclohexyl nitrate, fluorenyl cyclohexyl nitrate, isopropyl Cyclohexyl nitrates, and esters of fatty alcohols with alkoxy substituents, such as 1-oxopropyl-2-nitrate, 1-ethoxypropyl-2-nitrate, 1-isopropoxy Butyl nitrate, 1-ethoxybutyl nitrate and the like. Preferred alkyl nitrates are ethyl nitrate, propyl nitrate, pentyl nitrate, and hexyl nitrate. Other preferred alkyl nitrates are a mixture of primary pentyl nitrate or primary hexyl nitrate. The first level means that the nitrate functional group is attached to a carbon atom having two hydrogen atoms attached thereto. Examples of the primary hexyl nitrate include n-hexyl nitrate, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, 4-fluorenyl-n-pentyl nitrate and the like. The nitrate esters can be prepared by any conventional method, for example, by esterifying a suitable alcohol or reacting a suitable alkyl compound with silver nitrate. Another suitable additive that can be used to improve the hexadecimal value and / or reduce particulate emissions is di-tert-butyl peroxide. Traditional accelerated ignition agents such as hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, and the like can also be used. In addition, when used in combination with other accelerated ignition agents, certain inorganic and organic chlorides and bromides (aluminum trichloride, ethane chloride or ethane bromide) can also be used as starting materials in preferred embodiments. . Ratio of β-carotene to stabilizer compound In a preferred embodiment, the composition ratio of the base fuel additive formula is a specific ratio, and it exists in the fuel containing the additive in a specific processing ratio. In determining the specific proportion of the composition and the specific treatment ratio, factors to be considered include: bottom fuel purity, fuel type (ie, gasoline, diesel, heavy oil, two-stroke gasoline, etc.), sulfur content, sulfide content, Lean warp content, aromatic content, and the type of engine or device that uses the base fuel (ie, gasoline-start engine, diesel engine, two-stroke engine, or stationary boiler). For example, if a diesel system is a low-grade diesel, such as high sulfur content (1% (wt%) or more), high enol content (12ppm or more), or high aromatic content (35% (wt%) ) Or above), it can be compensated by adjusting its ratio to provide additional carotene. In a preferred embodiment of the formula or fuel containing additives, the ratio of grams of β-carotene to ethoxyxyquill (ethoxyqui n) in additive 27 200406486 is generally from about 20: 1 or higher to Between about 1: 20 or less; typically from about 19: 1, 18: 1, 17: 1, 16: 1, or 15: 1 to about 1:15, 1:16, 1:17,

1: 1 8 or 1: 1 9; preferably from about 14: 1, 1 3: 1, 12: 1, or 1 1: 1 to about 1: 1 1, 1: 12, 1: 13 or 1: 14; more preferably from about 10: 1, 9: 1, 8: 1, 7, · 6: 1 or 5: 1 to about 1: 5, 1: 6, 1 · 7, 1: 8, 1: 9 or 1: 10; and preferably from about 4: 1, 3: 1, 2: 1, or 1: 1 to about 1: 1, 1: 3 or 1: 4 . These ratios are equally applicable to the appropriate substitutes of β-carotene and ethoxyline. However, if the stabilizer is less effective or less effective than ethoxyline, it is better to use a higher proportion of the stabilizer in the additive combination. Similarly, if the effect of the stabilizer is better or more effective than ethoxylated talin, it is better to use a lower proportion of stabilizer in the additive combination.

The ratio of β-carotene and / or substitute to ethoxyline and / or substitute is preferably close to the above ratio. In some embodiments, depending on the severity of fuel oxidation and the degree of stability provided by β-carotene, the treatment ratio of ethoxyline is increased or decreased. The total treatment ratio of each component in the fuel containing additives may be adjusted upward or downward depending on various factors as described above. Other Additives The additives and fuel composition formulations of the above preferred embodiments may also contain other additives in addition to the above composition. These additives may include, but are not limited to, one or more octane modifiers, detergents, antioxidants, defoamers, anti-corrosion inhibitors and anti-deactivators, diluents, cold flow flow improvers), heat stabilizers, and more. Vegetable oily extracts In a preferred embodiment, the formulation may include a plant as an additional component, i.e., wild bean extract, hop wheat extract, or alfalfa extract. The term "vegetable oily extract" refers here to its broadest meaning, that is, all components in the material that are soluble in n-hexane. Chlorophyll can be used as part or all of the extract. Hydrophobic oily extract chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a green pigment oily extract that is responsible for photosynthesis in the plant (that is, the process by which water is converted to glucose and oxygen). It also typically contains other compounds, including (but; metals, antioxidants, oils, oils, and thermal stability). Agents or these, and about 300 other compounds (mainly composed of low to high oxides). Although in many embodiments it is preferred to use barley, in other embodiments it may be better to use Other oils partially or completely replace the oily extracts of barley. These other extracts include (but are not limited to) oily extracts of alfalfa, oily extracts of fescue, wild bowl extracts, , Oily extracts of green clover (green clover), extracts, oily extracts of the green part of the pupae, green extracts, oily extracts of green hedges or green leaves or green grass, color of the green part Oily extracts of flowers, improvers of any legumes (c ο 1 d oily extracts, large # 7 (plant oil) refers to plant materials as these oily extracts contain leaves to remove carbon dioxide. Hydrophobic F is limited to) the starting molecular weight of the organic product is resistant to oily extractable extracts from plant oily, hops bean oily oily wheat oily oily oily any oily extract containing green leaves or green 29 200406486 part Chlorophyll or chlorophyll-containing oily extract, or a combination of the foregoing or a mixture thereof. Suitable legumes include lima beans, kidney beans, pinto beans, red beans, Soybeans, great northern beans, lentil, navy beans, black turtle beans, peas, garbanzo beans, black eyed beans beans). Suitable cereals include fescue, alfalfa, wheat, oats, barley, rye, sorghum, flax, tritcale, rice, corn, spelt, millet, amaranth, Buckwheat, quinoa, kamut, and teff from Ethiopia. Particularly good oily extracts of plants are derived from Leguminosae ^ ^ , Generally called Pulse family or pea or legume family. Leguminous plants include more than 700 genera and more than 17,000 species, including shrubs, trees, and herbs (vanilla). Legumes are classified There are three subfamilies: families that mainly include tropical trees and shrubs, mainly including Ca e μ / ρ ζ · ζ · 〇We family and tropical plants and tropical plants and pαρζ · / ζ · ㈣ families. Most legumes are characterized by nodules containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria bacteria. Many legumes also accumulate high amounts of vegetable oil in their seeds. Leguminous plants include leadplant, hog peanut, wild bean, Canadian milk vetch, indigo, soybean, light-colored mangosteen Genus (paie vetchHng), Numa 30 200406486 Zeshan vetchling (Vetchling), Vein y Pea, round-headedbushclover, Tumoudou, Wang Yudou ( perennial lupine), hop clover, alfalfa, white sweet alfalfa 'yellow sweet alfalfa, white steppe alfalfa dagger color steppe alfalfa, common carobs, small wild beans, red alfalfa,', ^ Sativa, narrow-leaved shrub, hairy vetch, garden pea, chicken ^ Although peach and green, laugh, green bean, mung bean, lima bean, snail, lentil , Peanuts, and cowpea. The best oily extract material is composed of 7-α-like, lumpy bean dreg-like material after extraction, that is, a plant material with semi-solid rather than watery bean mash after extraction. The extracts of this mud-like extract do not have high concentrations of chlorophyll A and chlorophyll B. The color of such materials α ^ ^

Ltf Ar a -Hft :, generally dark green with low fluorescence. This kind of material can be obtained from many beans and ten plants named Cui. Although it is preferable to use this branch in most embodiments, in some specific embodiments, it may be preferable to use other types of extracts. You can use conventional methods to obtain such oily extracts. ~ 1, The method is a solvent extraction method, but you can use t. See also ^ J. Use any kind of plant; g, Μ φ ΑΑ ^ JL • -η The appropriate solvent separated from the oil-soluble portion is extracted. Better extraction solvent. These solvents may include a single solvent: a solvent mixture using a non-polar A-field two or more, and a solvent. Suitable solvents include, but are not limited to, evacuated or branched chains containing 5 or less carbons or 12 or more carbons. Specific examples of non-cyclic alkanes include 爿 straight bonds Λ′-membered, hexane, pentane, octane, nonane, decane, hexane mixture, heptane, arsenic, octane mixture, isooctane Its analog. Examples of cyclic alkane 70 W include cyclic 31 200406486 pentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, fluorenylcyclohexane and the like. Dilute species such as hexane, heptane, octene, nonene, and decane, or aromatic compounds such as benzene, toluene, and dibenzobenzene can also be used. In addition, chlorobenzene, dichlorobenzene, trichlorobenzene, dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, trichloroethane, and trichlorotrifluoro are used. Toothed hydrocarbons such as ethane. It is generally preferred to use C 6 to C 1 2 alkanes as the solvent, especially n-hexane.

The most commonly used technique is to extract the oily components of the seed with hexane. It is a fairly efficient method for extracting almost all oily components from plant materials. In a typical hexane extraction, the plant material is ground into fine particles. Grass and leaf plants are first cut into small pieces, while seeds are first ground into fine powder or fine particles. The plant material is generally exposed to high temperature hexane. Hexane is a colorless, volatile solvent that easily dissolves oily components and is liable to ignite. Generally, only a small percentage of oily components will remain in plant materials after extraction by hexane. The oily / solvent mixture was heated to a volatility point of hexane 2 1 2 ° F, after which all hexane was distilled off. Alternatively, hexane may be removed under reduced pressure. The resulting oily composition is suitable for use in the formulation of the preferred embodiment. Oily extracts of plants used in food or cosmetics generally need to go through some additional steps to remove impurities that may affect its appearance, shelf life, flavor, etc. These impurities may include phospholipids, mucus adhesives, free fatty acids, pigments, and plant fine particles. Various methods can be used to remove these impurities, such as water precipitation or organic acid solution precipitation. Typically, bleaching is used to remove colored compounds, which is achieved by passing the oil through an adsorbent such as atom 32 200406486 clay. Decolorization can also be achieved by steam distillation. Such additional steps are generally not required, but oils treated in this manner are also suitable for use in the formulation of the preferred embodiment. Other preferred extraction methods include, but are not limited to, supercritical fluid extraction, particularly carbon dioxide. Materials such as helium, argon, xenon and nitrogen can also be used as solvents in supercritical fluid extraction. Other methods that can be used to obtain the desired oily extract include, but are not limited to, mechanical pressing. The mechanical pressing method is also commonly known as the expeller pressing method. It is a continuous spiral drive that can crush seeds or other oil-containing materials into a pulp to squeeze the raw materials into mud and squeeze oil out of them. . The friction generated during this process can increase the temperature to approximately 50 ° C to 90 ° C, or external heat can be applied directly to it. Cold pressing generally refers to a mechanical pressing method that is performed at a temperature of 40 ° C or below and does not require the introduction of a heat source from outside. The yield of oily extracts obtained from a plant-based material depends on many factors, but mainly depends on the oil content of the plant 'material. For example, the oil content of oily bushes is typically between 4% and 5% (based on the dry weight of hexane extraction), while the oil content of barley is typically between 6% and 7.5%, and for alfalfa it is about From 2 to 4.2 5%. Heat stabilizers In a preferred embodiment, the formula also contains jojoba oil as an additional component. The formula is an anti-oxidant liquid and can withstand high temperatures without losing its antioxidant effect. Oil recovery is a liquid wax ester mixture extracted from crushed seeds native to Arizona, California, and Northern Mexico 33 200406486. The source of oil recovery is Simmondsia Chinese shrub, which is commonly known as the j0joba plant. It is an evergreen shrub with thick blue-green leaves similar to leather and dark brown nut-like fruits. 'Oil extraction is clear and golden-yellow, and is almost completely composed of monounsaturated linear fatty acids and high molecular weight (c 丨 6 _ c 2 6) Alcoholic wax ester. Oil recovery is typically defined as a liquid wax with the general formula RC〇OR, where RCO stands for oleic acid (C18), eicosanoic acid (C2〇), and / or erucic acid (C22) 'and where -or "" Represents an eicosenol (c20), docosaenol (C22) and / or tetracosenol (C24) group. Oilseed rape with RCOOR "esters or ester mixtures, in which r is a c2__alkane (diluted) group, and where" rule "is a C20_C22 alkyl (diluted) group, which may have some or all substituents. Fatty acids and alcohols including early unsaturated linear olefinic groups are the best choices. Although in many embodiments light oil is used at the beginning / level and 1 soil grab, in other embodiments it may be better to replace some or all of the eight feifeiwang with another composition, including (but Not limited to) stubborn oils such as peanut oil, flower seed oil, grape seed oil, macadamia oil, macadamia oil, palm oil, palm fruit oil A combination of R φ castor oil, all pot vegetable oil and nut oil, all eight animal fats (including mammalian fats such as whale oil and fish oil)). In a preferred embodiment the oil may be alkoxylated, such as T-lactated or ethoxylated. Alkoxy is better in oils with medium chain length ^, such as sesame oil, macadamia oil, cottonseed oil, etc. # Burning lice may provide oil / water mixed characters in fuel coupling Reactions, " ° Reduction in the amount of nitrogen sulphides and / or advantages on some exhaust emissions after combustion 34 200406486. In a preferred embodiment, these other oils partially or completely replace oil recovery with a volume ratio of 1: 1. In other embodiments, it may be preferable to replace oil recovery with a volume ratio higher or lower than 1: 1. In a preferred embodiment, pure cottonseed oil or cottonseed oil extracted from cottonseed or cottonseed oil from crushed cotton vinegar, squa ene, or fish sesame oil (squa 1 ane) partly or completely replaces oil recovery with a volume ratio of 1 ·· 1. Although oil recovery is preferred in many formulations of the preferred embodiment, in some specific embodiments, it is preferred to use one or more different thermal stabilizers to partially or fully replace the oil recovery. Conventional suitable thermal stabilizers include liquid mixtures of alkylphenols, including 2-tert-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2-tert, butyl-4-n-butyl Phenol, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol are suitable as middle distillate fuels (such as those awarded to Hanlon et al. US Patent No. 5,076,8 1 4 and US Patent No. 5,024,775). Other commercially available large phenolic antioxidants also exhibit the effects of thermal stabilizers, including 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-fluorenylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,2, -Hydroxyidene-bis (6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 3- (3,5_di-tert-butyl "4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid Alkyl esters, 1,1,3-tris (3-tert-butyl-6-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) butane, tetra [3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- Hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid] isopentyl ester, (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylfluorenyl) di-n-octadecyl sulphate, 2,4,6- Tris- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4- ¾ Basic 35 200406486 fluorenyl) tris (trimethyl) benzene and tri- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylfluorenyl) iso Cyanurate (such as U.S. Patent No. 4,007,157 and U.S. Patent No. 3,920,66 1). Other heat stabilizers include isoprene tetraol co-ester compounds derived from isoprene tetraol, (3-alkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -alkanol acids and alkylthioalkanoates or such acids The low-carbon alkyl esters of the compounds can be used as stabilizers for organic materials that are generally susceptible to oxidation and / or thermal decomposition. (Eg, U.S. Patent No. 4,806,675 and U.S. Patent No. 4,734,519 to Dunski et al.). Reaction products of malonic acid, dodecylaldehyde, and animal fatty amines (eg, US Patent No. 4,670,02 1 issued to Nelson et al.); Large phenyl phosphates (eg, US Patent No. 4,2 issued to Spivack). No. 7,229); large piperidine weilin acid and its metal salts (such as US Patent No. 4,191,829 and US Patent No. 4,191,682 to Ramey et al.); Acrylated derivatives of azobicyclo [3.3.1] nonane (such as US Patent No. 4,000, 113 issued to Stephen); large bicyclic amines (such as US Patent No. 3, 9 91 to Ramey et al., No. 0 1 2); sulfur-containing derivatives of dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl tri-p lacquer (such as US Patent No. 3,941,7 45 issued to Dexter et al.); Bicyclic large amino acids and their metals Salts (eg, U.S. Patent No. 4,051,102 to Ramey et al.); Trialkyl substitutions of hydroxybenzoate esters of malonate (eg, U.S. Patent No. 4,081,475 to Spivack); large slightly deuterated acid And its metal salts (eg, U.S. Patent No. 4,089,842 to Ramey et al.); Pyrrolidine dicarboxylic acid and its esters For example, U.S. Patent No. 4,077,94 issued to Stephen); metal salts of N, N-disubstituted alanine (U.S. Patent No. 3,524,909 36 200406486); hydrogenated carbon thioene phosphite (U.S. patent No. 3,5 2 4,9 0 9); hydroxybenzyl thioene phosphite (U.S. Patent No. 3, 6 5 5, 8 3 3).

Certain compounds are used as antioxidants and heat stabilizers. Therefore, in some embodiments, it is preferable to prepare an oily extract containing a hydrophobic plant and a separate compound that can provide both thermal stability and antioxidant effects as an additional composition, rather than preparing a formulation containing a hydrophobic Oily extracts of sexual plants and two other compositions (one composition provides thermal stability and the other composition provides antioxidant effects). Examples of conventional compounds which may have some degree of thermal stability and antioxidant effects include the following amines with or without substituents: diphenylamine, dibenzylamine, and benzophenamine, such as N, N'-diphenyl P-phenylenediamine, p-octyl diphenylamine, p-p-dioctyl diphenylamine, N-phenyl-1-fluorenamine, di-1-fluorenamine, N-phenyl-2-fluorenamine, N -(P-dodecyl) phenyl-2-fluorenamine, di-2 -diamine; benzothiazines such as N-alkylbenzoxazine; imines (bisfluorenyl); such as 6- (tert-butyl) phenol, 2,6-di- (tert-butyl) phenol, 4-fluorenyl-2,6-di- (tert-butyl) phenol, 4,4, fluorenylbis (-2,6-di- (t-butyl) phenol) and the like.

Some conventional lubricating base oils may exhibit high thermal stability. Such lubricating base oils may ensure the thermal stability of the formulation in the preferred embodiment. Such lubricating base oils may be used to partially or completely replace oil recovery. Appropriate base oils include poly-α-thin, dibasic acids, esters of polyols, alkylated aromatic compounds, polyalkylene glycols, and phosphates. Polyα-thin warp is a polymer that does not contain sulfur, lin, or metal hydrocarbons. Polyα-enol has good thermal stability, but is generally used in combination with an appropriate antioxidant. Dibasic acid esters can also exhibit good thermal stability 37 200406486, and are generally used as additives and used to resist hydrolysis and oxidation. Polyol esters include molecules containing two or more alcohol groups, such as trimethyloxypropane, neopentyl glycol, and isopentaerythritol esters. The esters of synthetic polyols are the reaction products of fatty acids derived from animal or plant sources with a synthetic polyol. Polyol esters have excellent thermal stability and are more resistant to hydrolysis and oxidation than other primers. Natural triglycerides or vegetable oils also belong to the same group of vinegars as polyhydric alcohols. However, the esters of polyhydric alcohols have better antioxidant capacity than this type of oil. The heat resistance of vegetable oil is generally related to its high content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. In addition, the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids in vegetable oils is related to their susceptibility to oxidation. The greater the number of double bonds, the easier it is to oxidize. Trimethyloxypropane esters include monoesters, diesters, and triesters. Neopentyl glycol esters include mono- and di-esters. Isotetraol esters include mono-, di-, tri-, and tetra-esters. Diisopentaerythritol esters may include up to six ester groups. The preferred esters are typically those with long chain fatty acids. C20 esters or esters of fatty acids with higher carbon number are preferred, such as giant oleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosatric acid, eicosate Dilute acid, Eicosapentacarboxylic acid, Eicosanoic acid, Peanut dilute acid, Behenic acid, Fennic acid (cis-docosaic acid), Behenic acid pentaenoic acid, Hexacosaic acid Enoic acid, or lignoceric acid. However, in some embodiments, it is preferred to use C 1 8 esters or lower carbon fatty acid esters, such as butyric acid, hexanoic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, and myristic acid ( myr is to leic acid), myristic acid, pentacarbonic acid, hexadecanoic acid, hexadecane dicarboxylic acid, hexadecadienoic acid, hexadecadienoic acid, hexadecatetraenoic acid, heptacarbonate , 38 200406486 heptaenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, (. .., octadecanetetracarboxylic acid, lin, vaccemc acid, linolenic acid. Dota π M ',' In the embodiment 'is preferably pentamidine, and the acid mixture that he does not ask is added with π isoalkyl aromatization. It is formed by the reaction of robber (for example, benzene). Hair 埶 ~ 匕 3 3 ® H ®%, hot female qualitatively similar to poly α-enol, and-添加剂 uses additives to provide anti-oxidation :, oxygen-burning polymerization Materials, which can exhibit good secondary system cycloadditions and are used to provide antioxidative properties. Base chlorides and aluminum oxides exhibit good thermal stability. In some embodiments, the ageing system is used to produce formulas that include oil recovery and other vegetable oils. For example, some people already know that The eighth version of me do wfo am crude extraction, the oxidation resistance of i8 times that of ordinary vegetable oils (for example, soybean oil): Medowfoam oil can be added in small amounts to other oils such as triglycerides, oil recovery oil and You Sesame oil to improve the oxidation stability of these oils. The stability of medowfoam crude extraction oil is not due to its ability to resist oxidation. One can be explained by the unusual antioxidant power of me (i〇Wf〇am crude extraction oil). It may be related to its unusual fatty acid composition. The main fatty acid from medowfoam oil is 5-eicosenoic acid, which has 5 times the oxidation resistance of common fatty acids and triglycerides, and is also a common monounsaturated fatty acid. 16 times or more. See "0xidative Stability Index of Vegetable Oils in Binary Mixtures with Medowfoam Oil", Terry et al., United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research S ervice, 1 997. Detergent additive-carburettor carbon deposits will form. These carbon deposits are caused by 39 200406486 dust and engine exhaust gas are glued together by the deposits of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the fuel; its Will change the air / fuel ratio, leading to longer idling time, increased fuel consumption and increased exhaust emissions. An appliance cleaner prevents the formation of carbon deposits and removes formed carbon. Detergents for this application are typically amines in the range of 20-60 ppm. Fuel injectors are quite sensitive to carbon deposits that reduce fuel flow and change the injector's injection mode. This carbon deposit can make it difficult for the vehicle to start, cause serious driving problems, and increase fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. The carbon deposits on the fuel burner are formed at a higher temperature than the carbon deposit formation temperature of the carburetor and are therefore more difficult to remove. The amines used to remove carbon deposits from the carburetor can also remove carbon deposits from the fuel injector, but the use concentration has been increased to about 1000. However, at this concentration, the amine cleaner itself can cause deposits on the inlet manifold. Polydispersants with higher thermal stability than amines have been used to overcome this problem, using concentrations between 20 and ppm. The same additives can also be used to effectively remove and control deposits on inlet pipes and valves. Deposits on inlet manifolds and valves, like carbon deposits in petrol engines, can also cause serious driving problems and increase fuel consumption and gas emissions. . For engines that have accumulated problems, the effect of detergents and additives may take several barrels of gasoline to take effect, especially when the amount of additives is not high. The carbon deposit in the combustion chamber will increase as the mileage of the vehicle increases, and the requirements for the value of Xinyuan will be raised. These carbon deposits are deposited in the gasoline end zone and near the plutonium. It blocks heat and therefore becomes very metallic during engine operation. The metal surface will conduct heat away and keep it cool, but these heat sinks are the accumulation of 4 dagger oil. Ignition, injection and injection are used to form ppm tubes and compounds. 600-port manifolds and waste dispersants are injected into Tiannanche, and deposits of 40 200406486 will cause ignition errors and cause vehicles to use higher octane fuel. . Polyetheramines and other additives are conventional additives that reduce the amount of carbon in the combustion chamber. It is known that reducing the amount of carbon deposited in the combustion chamber can reduce Nox emissions.

Appropriate different detergent additives may be incorporated in each diesel composition example. These detergent additives include succinylamine cleaners / dispersants, long-chain fatty acid polyamines, long-chain Mannich bases, and amine methyl salt cleaners. The desired succinylamine cleaner for gasoline is prepared by a process comprising the steps of: using an ethylene polyamine such as diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine and at least one succinyl group substituted with arsine argon carbonyl剂 反应。 Agent reaction. This type of halogenating agent is characterized by containing an average value between 50 and 100 carbon atoms (preferably between 50 and 90 carbon atoms, more preferably between 64 and 80 carbon atoms). ). In addition, the acid value of the chelating agent is between 0.7 · 1.3 (eg, between 0.9 and 1.3, or between 0.7 and 1.1 ·); more preferably between 0.8 To 1 · 0 or between 1 · 0 to 1 · 2; and most preferably about 0.9. In the molecular structure of the cleaning agent / dispersant, the moles per mole of the polyamine molecule have an average value between 1.5 and 2.2 moles of turtle (preferably between 1.7 and 1.9 moles) The halide may be between 1.9 and 2.1, more preferably between 1.8 and 2.0, and most preferably about 1.8). The polyamine can be a pure compound or a technical grade ethylene polyamine composed almost entirely of linear, branched or cyclic compounds. The cleaning agent / dispersant having a fluorene hydrocarbyl group substitution is preferably an alkyl or alkenyl group having a desired carbon number. Alkenyl substituents derived from poly-enol homopolymers or copolymers of appropriate molecular weight (e.g., propylene homopolymers, butene homopolymers, C3 and C4 enol copolymers, and the like) are preferred. Most preferably, the substituent is a polyisobutenylfluorene formed from a polyisobutylene having a number average molecular weight between 700 41 200406486 and 1 200, more preferably between. The polymer materials that it owns can be trusted by the manufacturer. 0 900 to 1100, the number average molecular weight of the best environmental polymer materials. About polymer materials I: between 940 and 1000. Manufacturers can easily identify . Therefore, in general, the number-average molecular weight of the material having a fluorenyl hydrocarbonyl group to form succinylamine is often known from the literature. The use of oil-soluble long-chain fatty polymer is described in detail in the United States. Benzene g, oil-soluble long-chain Mannich test, substituted succinic acid dehydrating agent, preparation method thereof, and gadolinium are well known to those skilled in the art, and for example, US Patent No. 3,0 1 8,247. Amine is used as the induced cleaning additive in distillate fuel No. 3,43 8,757. The formation of formaldehyde (or its formaldehyde precursor) and the use of polyamines in the internal combustion engine to control the induction system > the formation of pediatric products are described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 4, 2 3 1, 7 59. Amine turtle salt fuel cleaners are fuel cleaner compositions containing polyethers and amine groups bridged by amino groups. Compounds of this type are described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 4,270,930. The preferred material for such compounds is c h e r v ο η

An additive sold by Oronite Company LLC of Huston, TX under the name OGA-4 8 0 T M. Driveability Additives-For gasoline-driven engines, such additives include anti-knock additives, anti-knock additives, which directly affect the combustion process (anti-knock additives) anti-run-on additives), anti-pre-igniti ο η additives, anti-misfire additives. Anti-knock additives include alkyl lead that is now completely banned in the United States. These 200406486 other metallic anti-knock additives are typically used at a dosage of about 0.2 grams of metal (or about 0 "wt% or about 1000 ppm) per liter of fuel. For both the research octane number (RON) and the engine octane number (MON), a typical octahedral accelerator in this dose range is 3 units. Many organic compounds also have anti-knock effects. These organic compounds include aromatic amines, alcohols, and ethers in amounts of about 1 000 ppm. These additives quench reactive radicals by transferring hydrogen. Oxygenating agents such as methanol and MTBE also increase the octane number, but their amount is so high that it cannot be considered as an additive 'but as one of the constituents. Pre-ignition is generally caused by carbon deposits in the combustion chamber and can be handled by combustion chamber cleaners or by increasing the fuel burnout value. These drivability additives can also be used in diesel engines. An advantage of each example diesel composition is that it contains one or more anti-wear additives. Preferred anti-wear additives include long chain primary amines having alkyl radicals or alkenyl radicals having 8 to 50 carbon atoms. The amine group used may be a monoamine or a mixture containing such amines. Examples of long-chain primary amines that can be used in the preferred embodiment include 2-ethylhexylamine, n-octylamine, n-decylamine, dodecylamine, oleylamine, linoleylamine, stearylamine, icos Burnt amine, tripropylene tricarboxyamine, pentapropylene tricarboxyamine, and the like. A particularly effective moon girl is oleylamine sold by Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry LLC of Chicago, IL under the trade name ARMEEN® O or ARMEEN® 0D. Other suitable amines are generally mixtures of fatty amines, including ARMEEN® T and ARMEEN® TD (the distilled form of ARMEEN® T, which contains 0-2% tetradecylamine, 24-30% cetane Amine, 25-28% 43 200406486 stearylamine and 45-46% stearylamine). Both ARMEEN © T and ARMEEN® TD are derived from automatic physical greases. Laurylamine and ARMEEN® 12D from these suppliers are suitable. The product contains 0-2% decaneamine, 90-95% dodecylamine, 0-3% tetradecylamine, and 0-1% stearylamine. Those skilled in the art know that such amines are useful and can be used to prepare such amine compounds from fatty acids: by converting fatty acids or fatty acid mixtures to their ammonium salt soaps, and then heating these ammonium salt soaps to The equivalent amidines are further converted into equivalent nitriles, and the nitriles are hydrogenated to produce amines. In addition to the various amines, amines derived from soy fatty acids are also within the scope of desired amines and can be used in the present invention. It should be noted that all of the above useful amines are linear fatty primary amines. These amines have 16 to 18 carbon atoms per molecule and are preferably saturated or unsaturated. Other preferred anti-wear additives include dimers of unsaturated fatty acids, preferably dimers of complementary long-chain fatty acids, such as dimers containing 8 to 30 carbon atoms which may be pure or almost pure. Alternatively, it is preferred to use a commercially available "dimer acid (d i m m r a c i d)". The latter is prepared by dimerizing unsaturated fatty acids and contains a mixture of monomers, dimers, and trimers of fatty acids. A particularly good dimer acid is a dimer of linoleic acid. Antioxidants-Various conventional antioxidants can be used in the diesel formulations in the examples of the present invention. These include benzyl antioxidants, amine antioxidants, thiophenol compounds, and organic phosphorus. For best results, the antioxidants preferably contain mainly (1) such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 4-fluorene 44 200406486 radical-2,6 · di-tert-butylbenzene S Large, phenol antioxidants such as 2,4-difluorenyl-6-tert-butylbenzene, 4,4'-phosphonium bis (2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), and formazan Fork-bridged polyalkylphenol mixtures; or (2) — aromatic amine antioxidants such as cycloalkyl-di-lower alkylamines and phenylenediamines, or one or more of these phenolic antioxidants and A mixture of one or more such amine antioxidants. Particularly preferred are mixed tert-butylphenols, such as 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol, 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol, and o-tert-butylphenol. In addition, N, N'-di-lower alkanephenylenediamines, such as N, N'-di-second-butyl-p-phenylenediamine and the like, and such phenylenediamines (eg , Tert-butylphenol) is also suitable. Antifoaming agents-Antifoaming agents are molecules that help to separate oil from water at low concentrations and prevent the formation of a mixture of water and oil. A variety of defoamers can be used in the diesel formulation in the examples of the present invention. These include, for example, organic sulfonates, polycyclodioxane, polycyclodioxyphenol resin, and the like. Particularly preferred are continuous acid-based aromatic aromatic compounds, polydioxane, and oxidized benzene resins, such as those sold by the Texas Baker Petrolite Corporation of Sugar Land under the TO LAD® trade name. Other conventional defoamers can also be used. Anticorrosives-There are a variety of anticorrosives that can be used in the diesel formulations in the examples of this invention. Dimer acids or trimer acids can be used, such as those derived from animal fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid and the like. Products of this type of acid are commercially available, for example, from dimer or trimer acids sold under the trade name EMPOL® by the Cogni Cosorption of Cincinnati, Ohio. Other useful anticorrosives are alkenyl succinic acid and alkenyl succinic anhydride corrosion inhibitors, such as tetrapropenyl succinic acid, tetrapropyl 45 200406486 alkenyl succinic anhydride, tetradecenyl succinic acid, tetradecenyl Succinic anhydride, hexadecenyl succinic acid, hexadecenyl succinic anhydride and the like. Other useful ones include half-esters of alkenyl succinic acids having 8 to 24 carbon atoms and alcohols (e.g., polyglycols). Another useful anticorrosive is aminosuccinic acid or a derivative thereof. It is preferred to use a dialkyl ester of monoaminosuccinic acid in which the alkyl group contains 15 to 20 carbon atoms or the fluorene group is derived from a saturated or unsaturated carbon atom having 2 to 10 carbon atoms. Saturated carboxylic acid. Most preferred is the dialkyl ester of monosuccinic acid. Metal deactivator-If desired, the fuel composition may also contain a metal deactivator which is conventionally capable of forming a complex with a heavy metal salt such as copper. Generally, such metal deactivators need to be soluble in gasoline, such as N, N'-disalicylic acid-1,2-alkanediamine or N, N, disalicylic acid-1, 2-naphthenic diamine or a mixture thereof. Exemplary compounds include N, N'-disalicylate-1,2-ethanediamine, N, N'-disalicylate-1,2-propanediamine, N, N'-dihydrate Salicyl-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and N, N'-disalicylic acid-N'-methyl-dipropylene triamine. The amounts of various additives that can be included in the diesel composition of the present invention are conventional amounts. The amount of each particular case needs to be an amount that provides the desired function to the fuel composition, and the amount is well known to those skilled in the art. Thermal stabilizers such as Octel Starreon high temperature diesel stabilizers F0A-8 ΓM or other such additives can be added to the fuel composition. Carrier fluid-Substances suitable as a carrier fluid include, but are not limited to, mineral oil, vegetable oil, animal oil, and synthetic oil. A suitable mineral oil may be a composition mainly of a paraffin type, a pinene type, or an aromatic type. Animals 46 200406486 Sexual oils include animal oils and animal semi-solid oils. Vegetable oils can include, but are not limited to, grape seed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, Sunflower Caixuan oil, cottonseed oil, crust oil, wheat germ oil, flaxseed oil, almond oil, safflower seed oil, Ramie oil and the like. Synthetic oils can include (but are not limited to) benzene, polybutylene, polyisobutylene, polya-ene, polyesters, monoesters, diesters (fatty acid esters, sebacates, twelve Alkanesates, toluates), and triesters. Solvents-Solvents suitable for use in combination with the formulations of the preferred embodiment of the present invention are compatible with and soluble in one or more of the formulations. Preferred solvents include aromatic solvents such as benzene, xylene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and the like; and such solvents as cyclohexane, hexane, heptane, octane, and the like; , Nonane, and the like non-polar solvents. Appropriate solvents also include fuels with additives, such as gasoline, No. 1 diesel, No. 2 diesel, and so on. Depending on the type of substance to be dissolved, other suitable liquids can be selected as the solvent, such as oxygenators, carrier fluids, or additives as described herein. Oxygenation agents-substances added to gasoline to improve its octane number and reduce carbon monoxide emissions. These substances include various alcohols and ethers that can typically be mixed into gasoline to achieve an oxygen content of 2% in gasoline, and in some cases can even reach higher oxygen levels. Carbon monoxide emissions appear to be related to the oxygen content of the fuel and not to the chemical structure of the oxygenator. Because the heating value of oxygenators is lower than gasoline, fuels containing these components have lower volumetric fuel efficiency (how many miles per gallon). However, at 47 200406486, at typical mixing levels, the rattling is not significant, and the difference caused by the addition of oxygenating agents can only be detected under very precise measurements. It is known that oxygenating agents do not affect nitrogen oxide or carbon oxide emissions. In some embodiments, it may be preferred to add one or more oxygenating agents to the fuel. An oxygenating agent is a hydrocarbon containing one or more oxygen atoms. The main oxygenating agents are alcohols or ethers, including: methanol, fuel ethanol, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), diisopropyl ether (dipe), tert-butyl ether ). In some preferred embodiments, carotenoids of microcapsule ik. May require microencapsulation of carotenoids or other carotenoids and or carotene before incorporating them into Fuel additives, diesel fuel formulations, or other fuel formulations. Microencapsulation is the most effective way to avoid unwanted chemical reactions of additives with surrounding oxygen or other components. Encapsulating or otherwise preserving β-carotene can prevent carotene from being oxidized or occurs which could damage it as a cetane number improver or other types of fuel additives (for example, reducing emissions additives, promoting fuel economic benefits Additives, etc.) any other degradation effects. Therefore, it may not be necessary to stabilize β-carotene with the aid of an antioxidant or other additives (for example, ethoxyline), and the β-carotene can be maintained in its surrounding environment as an effective cetane Value improver. In a preferred embodiment, β-carotene and other optionally added components are encapsulated in lecithin microcapsules or nano particles. Other preferred shell materials include fuel-soluble polymers. These microcapsule shells can block unwanted reactions by blocking direct contact between the contained additives and the fuel or the atmosphere. Microencapsulated additives can also provide controlled release of the additives into the fuel at a certain concentration for long-term release. Microencapsulation technology generally involves coating a thin film of material on small solid particles, beads or bubbles, which material film can provide a protective shell for the contents of the capsule. The size of the microcapsules suitable for use in the preferred embodiment can be any suitable size, typically between 1 micron or less and about 1000 microns or more, preferably between about 2 microns and about 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900 microns; more preferably from about 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 microns to about 10, 1 5, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, or 45 microns. In some embodiments, it may be preferable to use nano-sized microcapsules. The volume of such microcapsules is from 100 nanometers or less to 10 nanometers to 1000 nanometers or less (1 micron), preferably from about 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, From 45, 50, 60, 70, 80, or 90 nm up to about 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, or 900 nm. Although in most embodiments, β-carotene or other liquid additive substances in a liquid phase are encapsulated in the microcapsules, in some embodiments it may be preferable to incorporate them into a solid substance. Solid-containing microcapsules can be prepared by conventional methods in the field of microcapsules, and such microcapsules can be incorporated into additive packages and fuels of the preferred embodiment. 49 200406486 The microcapsule Bayi type in the preferred embodiment is one or more kinds of carotene, _: fill: quality. The filling substance can be a long-chain unsaturated compound and can be selected from the group consisting of: pigment, its derivatives and precursors, carotene stabilizing agent, i.e., ethoxylin and other substances (for example, encased in micro-shells with shell substances). In capsules, shell materials typical of shellfish include (彳 ——limited to) acacia, gelatin, ethyl cellulose, polyurea, polyurea, &

Air-based stucco, malt dextrose, and-vegetable oils. Although any suitable M quality can be used in the better and better categories, generally it is better to use slavery; the shell material gelatin in the food and pharmaceutical industries is cheap and biologically ^ Γ Λ w shell. Because Λ Α ϋ is compatible and easy to use, it is a particularly suitable shell material. ^ ’,. However, in some embodiments, other types of shells may be used. Old ^,. The best shell material depends on many factors, including: · particles or droplets are large and small, as well as the size of the filling material distribution, the shape of the filling material particles, the right side of the shell material. The degree of filling, the filling is released from the capsule ^ Substances as shell substances, maybe two say ra

The use of an emulsifier or dispersant to ensure that the microcapsules will be fully dispersed in the packaging of 拗 天 ®, ® 'shake additives or added to the sword „fuel. ^ ^ There are several microencapsulation technology can be used to prepare more The microcapsules in the preferred embodiments. These methods include gas phase and vacuum plutonium, which are a layer of coated spray cable or deposited on the filler particles to form a shell; or spraying the liquid into 50 200406486 gas phase ·, It is subsequently cured to form microcapsules. Suitable methods also include emulsification and dispersion methods, in which microcapsules are formed in the liquid phase of the reactor. Spray Drying The process of microencapsulation by spray drying involves Shell material concentrates containing filler particles or immiscible liquid filler dispersions are sprayed into a heated chamber for rapid solvent removal. Any suitable solvent system can be used. Spray drying is generally used to prepare inclusions such as Shell material such as gelatin, hydrated gelatin, acacia, modified starch, malt dextrose, sucrose, or sorbitol. When using a shell material solution, the filling Typical properties include a hydrophobic liquid or water-insoluble oil. Dispersants and / or emulsifiers can be added to the shell material concentrate. The spray drying method can be used to form relatively small microcapsules, that is, the volume is less than 1 Micron or microcapsules with a volume of up to 50 microns. The resulting particles may include individual particles or aggregates of individual particles. The quality of the filler that can be microencapsulated by spray drying is typically less than 20% (wt%) ) To 60% (wt%) or more. Compared to other processes, this process is a better choice because of its low cost and wide applicability. This method may not be suitable for preparing heat-sensitive substances. In another spray In the mist drying method, cold air blowing is used instead of heating to remove the solvent method to solidify the molten mixture containing filler particles or immiscible liquids. In this microgelation process, various fats, Wax, fatty alcohols, and fatty acids are used as shell materials. This method is generally used to prepare microcapsules with water-insoluble shell materials. Fluidized bed microcapsule process 51 200406486 The encapsulation process involves spraying the shell material liquid, which is generally in solution or molten state, onto a solid particle suspended in a gas stream (typically a heated gas stream), and then cooling the microencapsulated particles. The shell material used generally includes (but is not limited to) colloids, solvent-soluble polymers, and sugars. The shell material can be applied to the particles from the top of the reactor 'or sprayed from the bottom of the reactor, such as the Wurster process. The particles remain in the reactor until the desired thickness of the shell material has been reached. Fluid bed microcapsule technology is generally used to prepare water-soluble microcapsules. This method is particularly suitable for preparing microgels with irregularly shaped particles流. Fluidized bed microcapsule technology is typically used to prepare those with a volume much larger than 100 microns, but it can also be used to prepare small microcapsules. Complex Coacervation A complex compound formed by a pair of oppositely charged multiple electrolytes. Coacervation (mainly colloidal particles clumped together by electrostatic attraction) can form a micro Sac. A preferred polyanion is gelatin, which can form complexes with many types of polyanions. Typical polyanions include gum arabic, polyphosphate, polypropionic acid, and alginate. Complex coagulation is mainly used to trap water-immiscible liquids or water-insoluble solids. This method is not suitable for making nails with water-soluble or acid-sensitive substances. During the agglomeration process of gelatin and gum arabic, a water-insoluble filler is dispersed into a warm gelatin emulsion solution, and then gum arabic and water are added to the emulsion. The pH of the aqueous phase was adjusted to be slightly acidic, 52 200406486 to form complex complexes that can be adsorbed on the surface of the filling. This system is cooled down and a cross-linking agent such as glutaraldehyde is added. The microcapsules can be selectively treated with urea and formaldehyde at low pH to reduce the hydrophilicity of the shell, thereby helping to dry under strong conditions without forming excessive aggregates. After that, the obtained microcapsules were dried to form a powder. Polymer-Polymer Incompatibilities Microcapsules can be prepared by containing a solution of two polymer liquids that are soluble in a common solvent but are incompatible with each other. One of the polymers is preferably capable of being adsorbed by the filler. When the filler is dispersed in a solution, it is automatically coated with a thin layer of adsorbed polymer ^ Microcapsules are formed by cross-linking the adsorbed polymer, or by adding an A solvent polymer is formed into the solution. The liquid is then removed to obtain a microcapsule in the form of a dry powder. The polymer-polymer incompatible microcapsule process can be performed in solution-based or non-solution-based media. It is typically used to prepare polar solids with low water solubility. Suitable shell materials include ethyl cellulose, polylactide, and lactide-glycolide copolymers. The volume of microcapsules prepared through the polymer-polymer incompatible microcapsule process is generally smaller than that of microcapsules prepared by other methods, and the volume is generally about 100 microns or less than 1000 microns. Interfacial polymerization Microcapsules can also be prepared by performing a polymerization reaction on a liquid interface. One of these microcapsule manufacturing methods is to prepare a dispersion of two mutually incompatible solutions. Its 53 200406486 dispersed phase forms a filler. Each phase contains a separate reactant that is capable of undergoing a polymerization reaction to form a shell. The reactants in the dispersed phase and the reactants in the continuous phase can react between the interface of the dispersed phase and the continuous phase and form a shell. The reactants in the continuous phase typically reach this interface through a diffusion process. Once the reaction begins, the shell becomes a barrier that prevents diffusion, thus limiting the reaction rate of the interfacial gingival polymerization. This may affect the shape and uniformity of the shell. Dispersions can be added to the continuous phase. The dispersed phase may include a solvent or a non-solution solvent. Choose a continuous phase that is not miscible with the dispersed phase. A typical polymerization reactant may include an acidic chloride or isocyanate capable of polymerizing with an amine or alcohol. The amine or alcohol is dissolved in a solution phase capable of dissolving an amine or alcohol in a non-aqueous phase. The acid gaseous or isocyanate is soluble in the water (or non-aqueous solvent) insoluble phase. Similarly, the solid particles containing the reactant or the solid particles coated with the reactant on the surface may be dispersed in a liquid, wherein the solid particles are not soluble in the liquid. The reactants located on or on the solid particles then react with the reactants in the continuous phase to form a shell. Another method is to prepare microcapsules on the liquid interface, generally referring to the in-situ encapsulation process (sww encapsulation), which disperses the filling substance in the form of almost insoluble solid or the filling substance in the form of water-insoluble liquid In an aqueous solution phase ◎ The aqueous solution phase contains urea, melamine, water-soluble urea-fluoride condensate or water-soluble urea-melamine condensate. To form a shell with a filling, formaldehyde is added to the aqueous phase, which is then heated and acidified. As the polymerization continues, a polycondensation product is deposited on the surface of the dispersed core material. Different from the above-mentioned interface polymerization reaction, this method is suitable for more sensitive filling materials, because the reactants do not necessarily need to be dissolved in the filling materials. In a related in-situ encapsulation process, a water-insoluble liquid or solid system containing a water-insoluble vinyl monomer and a vinyl monomer starting material is dispersed in an aqueous solution phase. A polymerization reaction is initiated by heating, and an ethyl green-based shell is formed in the aqueous phase interface. Gas phase polymerization can be performed by exposing filler particles to a gas capable of polymerizing on the surface of the particles. In this method, the device contains para-xylene dimer, which is polymerized on the surface of the particles to form a poly (p-xylene) shell. Some special equipment may be needed to perform this coating process, so this method is also more expensive than the liquid phase encapsulation method. In addition, the encapsulating filling material is preferably one which is not too sensitive to the reactants and reaction conditions. Solvent volatilization Microcapsules can also be prepared by removing volatile solvents from two immiscible solutions (for example, oil in water, oil in oil, or water in oil and oil in water). The shell-forming substance needs to be soluble in the volatile solvent. The filling material is dissolved, dispersed or emulsified in the solution. Suitable solvents include dichloromethane and ethyl acetate. The solvent evaporation method is preferably a method capable of encapsulating a water-soluble filling substance (for example, polypeptide) in the shell. When this kind of water-soluble composition is to be encapsulated, a thickener is generally added to the aqueous phase, and then the solution 55 200406486 can also be removed by cooling the microcapsules formed at normal atmospheric pressure to cool the water and phase. After coagulating into a gel, a dispersant is added to the emulsion before the solvent removing agent is added. Solvent was removed under reduced pressure. It is prepared by this method and is generally below 1 m or above 100 m. Centrifugal encapsulation method is typically achieved by using a shell with a shell. Centrifugal force can also be used to prepare microcapsules, substances and well-shaped cups filled with substances. The cup is immersed in an oil bath and centrifuged at a fixed rate, and droplets formed in the oil including the shell substance and the filling substance are generated outside the rotating cup. After the liquid droplets are cooled to form a gel, oil-loaded particles can be produced, and the particles can be dried afterwards. The volume of the microcapsules produced by this method is generally quite large. C »Another aspect of this method A This centrifugal force encapsulation method refers to a rotary suspension separation method, in which a mixture of filler particles and a molten shell material (or a shell material solution) is fed into a rotating dish. The coating material will be spun out by centrifugal force, and gelled or removed from the solvent, and then collected. Β submerged ± mouth sign encapsulation method The process of encapsulation by submerged nozzle generally involves the shell material The mixture liquid composed of the filling substance and the filling substance is sprayed from a nozzle into a carrier gas stream, and the obtained droplets are gelled and cooled. The volume of microcapsules prepared in this way is generally quite large. Desolvent method In the desolvent method or the extraction and drying method, the filling substance dispersion liquid dispersed in the shell material concentrated solution or dispersion liquid is atomized and allowed to enter the solvent of the desolvation method. When a solution dispersion is used, the typical system is a water-soluble alcohol. Typically, water-soluble shell substances are used, including maltose, sugar, and gum. The solvent in the desolvation method is preferably water-soluble alcohols such as propanol or propylene glycol. The resulting microcapsules do not have a distinct filling material phase. Therefore, the microcapsules produced have a filling substance of 1.5% (wt%) or less. In some specific embodiments, the mass of the filling material may be slightly higher than this amount. Fat particles Fat particles are typically less than 30 nanometers to more than 1 nanocapsule, which contain a double layer of phospholipids enclosing a layer of aqueous space. The molecules are arranged in such a manner that their polar heads are aligned toward the aqueous solution, and the hydrophobic hydrocarbon portions thereof are aggregated with each other in the double layer to form a closed fatty layer which can be separated from the aqueous solution portion. The substance may be trapped in the aqueous space of the fat particles or trapped between the two layers. As to where a drug should be trapped, it depends on the composition of the drug's physiological special fat particles. Fat particles can slowly release the drugs trapped in them by hydrolyzing fat with enzymes. Lecithin bilayer fat is a particularly good type of microcapsule, partly due to the resistance of lecithin itself. Nanoparticles Nanoparticles are small fat carriers of nanometer size, typically made from lipids. Both fat particles and nano particles are far in volume, with diameters ranging from 20 nanometers to 1,000 nanometers. But the fat microparticles are solvent, including P 2-fat type phospholipids with medium and rice content. The phospholipids can be used as microparticles to oxidize lecithin. It is composed of 57 200406486 or multilayer bilayer membrane, and nano particles are Consists of a single layer of shell material. Fat microparticles are typically filled with a water-soluble or hydrophilic composition, so they are typically carriers of hydrophilic substances. In contrast, nano particles are filled with organic-philic or hydrophobic substances and are therefore ideal carriers for lipophilic agents. High-pressure homogenization with a microfluidizer to prepare fatty carriers such as fat particles and nano particles is a rather complicated technique. This method allows easy mass production and stable manufacture of reliable products. The homogenizer has a specially designed reaction chamber. In this reaction chamber, the premixed component gas stream is first divided into two and then combined at a specific angle. At this time, high shear and collapse forces will allow fat carriers to form at pressures up to 1200 bar. High-pressure homogenization technology can trap the dispersed oil in the carrier by 100%. Usually, multiple cycles are required in the reaction chamber to obtain a homogeneous product. The average droplet size and distribution size are mainly used to distinguish the nano particles. It can be determined by photon correlation spectroscopy or electron microscope observation of samples prepared by cryo-fracture method. The particle core may contain a variety of lipophilic agents, such as carotene or carotenoids, and hydrophobic antioxidants. By enclosing these components in nano particles, the chemical stability (the ability to fight oxidation) can be greatly improved. Nanoparticles can be prepared with up to 40% oil-soluble composition. The volume of the carrier is determined by many factors, the most important of which are the homogeneous pressure, the type of lecithin used and its concentration, the type of oil used and its concentration, and the concentration of the solvent. Only when the ratio of phospholipids to oil is quite high is it possible to obtain extremely small 58 200406486 type nano particles. Other Microgel Capsule Processes Although the above microcapsule process is generally used to prepare the microcapsules in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other conventional microcapsule processes can also be used to prepare the microcapsules. In addition, in some specific embodiments, a carotene, carotenoid, etc. or other substance that is not encapsulated in the microcapsules may be required, but it is directly added to the fuel additive or the fuel formula to which the additive is added in. Alternatively, the additives or other materials may be incorporated into a solid matrix or a carrier material. The microcapsules added to the fuel additive or the fuel formula to which the additives have been added may be of the same type and contain the same additives or other substances; or they may contain multiple different types of microcapsules and / or encapsulated additives or Other substances. Spray Drying and Freeze Drying Spray drying is a method commonly used in the industry to prepare dry solids from powders, granules, or agglomerates of liquids such as solutions, emulsions, and smokable suspensions. The spray-drying method can be used to prepare solid particles containing carotene, carotenoids and the like. The instrument used for spray drying is typically composed of a fixed pump, a rotary or nozzle atomizer, an air heater, an air diffuser, a drying chamber, an exhaust air purification system, and a power recovery system. In the spray-drying method, a liquid raw material is atomized into droplets to be sprayed and brought into contact with hot air in a drying chamber. Under controlled temperature and air flow, the water vapor of the droplets will be evaporated and form a dry particle. The powder, granules, or aggregates formed are released from the drying chamber. Under certain 59-month conditions: during the spray-drying process, liquid may be used, so that even if # 了 f # hs 4 _ stir body J "after the spray-drying process, the composition of the liquid is still the same as the system P1 # I, it should be performed At the beginning of the schedule, they are not far away. Dry design, to determine the complete operation of HO weekly, and to understand the characteristics of the product. Another better drying method for removing the solvent is three-phase ... Fang for cold coating and drying before ... two pre-cold training, main cold beads and re-freeze drying process, that is, A.v J 1 liver freeze The dry mix is 'pre-chilled', that is, the substance must be completely cold-beaded and not contain any concentrated solute packets that have not yet been aged. If the cold temperature of an aqueous solution is lower than the surrounding water, the mixture must reach its euteetic temperatllre. Once the mix is pre-frozen, it can be removed from the frozen mix by sublimation in the main_freeze stage. After the main_freezing step is completed, it can remain in the mixture in a bound form. In order to remove the solvent, it is necessary to continue cold cooling to completely remove the solvent from the fish dish or the carrot plate or add β-hu-carotene to the microcapsule. In a preferred embodiment, the β method can be changed according to the following method -Hull preserved or microencapsulated. A β-carotene mixture can be encapsulated in maltoglucose by spray drying, drum drying or cold. The system uses 40 ° / per 1000 grams. Malt dextrose solution (the ratio of β-carotene to the sugar content) and stir the mixture I before drying. The original conditions are dried and dried. Freeze-dried and sub-frozen. The material must be frozen first and the intermediate mixture must be frozen. It is generally better to lyophilize the solvent if the solvent is removed from the solvent, which is still better for this product. 25Έ) 0.5 Add homogenization 60 200406486. Suitable methods for trapping β-carotene in malt glucose include, for example, J. Food Sci. (1 997), 62 (6), 1158] 162; Crit Food Sci. Nutr. (1 998) 3 8 (5), 3 8 1 -3 96; J · Food Process · Preserv · (1 999) 23 (1), 3 9-55 and other literature disclosed spray drying, drum drying or freeze drying methods. Β-carotene can also be microencapsulated with other microcapsules other than malt dextrose. These microcapsules include pullulan (a kind of polysaccharides polymerized by glucose units, whose polymerization method makes the polysaccharides sticky and not easily penetrated by oxygen), and polymers of various molecular weights. Vinylpyrrolidone (for example, PVP40 and PVP3 60), as described in Food Chenistry (2 000) 71 (2), 1 99-206. Hydrolyzed starch can also be used as a microgel tincture, as described in J. Food Sci. (1995) 60 (5), 1048-53 — described herein. Additive Concentrate The cetane number improver package can be added directly to the bottom fuel oil. Alternatively, the additive formulation is provided in an additive package that can be used or used to prepare an additive-containing fuel. Alternatively, the aforementioned various additives may be provided in the form of a concentrate. I Bell oil Diesel oil used in the preferred embodiment includes a portion of crude oil distilled at a temperature range of 150 ° C to 3 7 01 (69 8 F), the distillation temperature being much higher than the boiling point of gasoline. Diesel is ignited in the internal combustion engine by high-pressure hot air. As for gasoline, it is ignited by oil sparks. Due to different ignition modes, good diesel fuel requires a higher cetane number. Burning point and composition of diesel oil 61 1. 200406486 Quite close to the boiling point and composition of lighter heating oil. Diesel is divided into two stages, which are divided into first stage diesel (D i e s e 1 1) and second stage diesel (Diesel 2) according to the AS T M standard. First-stage diesel is a form of diesel. Compared to second-stage diesel, it is lighter, more volatile, and burns cleaner. It is mostly used in engines that require frequent speed changes or shifts. The second-stage diesel is mostly used for industrial purposes, and No. 4 and No. 5 diesel are light oil and heavy oil, respectively, and No. 6 diesel oil is used for heavy engine oil. Suitable diesels may include high sulfur and low sulfur oils. Low sulphur oils usually include those with a sulphur content of 500 ppm (by weight) or less and can contain as little as 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, 55 , 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10, or 5 ppm or less of sulfur, or even 0 ppm of sulfur, such as synthetic diesel. High sulphur oils usually include those with a sulphur content above 500 p p m, for example up to 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5% (wt%) or more sulfur. Oils with a boiling point between 15 ° C and 33 ° C burn best in a diesel engine. They can burn completely without wasting fuel or emitting high amounts of exhaust gas. Can provide the best cetane number of paraffin, the best choice for diesel blends. The higher the content of paraffin in a fuel, the faster the fuel is warmed and the combustion is more complete. However, heavy crude products that boil in the high temperature range can also be used, although the effect is poor. The next light composition of diesel is arylene, and the aromatics are the next heavy composition. Using these heavy compositions can help reduce the waxy feel of diesel fuel. At low temperatures, paraffin wax tends to form a solid, which can easily cause fuel filter clogging. In addition to the first-stage diesel and the second-stage diesel, in other embodiments, 62 200406486 may use other fuels that can be burned in a diesel engine as the bottom fuel oil. Such materials include, but are not limited to, those based on coal ash emulsions and vegetable oils. Diesel oils based on vegetable oils have been sold on the market. ) ", Which typically contains fatty acid methyl vinegar of vegetable origin, and is usually used as an additive to traditional diesel oil.

Sixteen burning value improvement Qi I provided by the extractables. In certain preferred embodiments, the cetane number improver includes albucol or other carotene, carotenoids, its precursors, Gorex precursors, and one or more stable compounds. In other preferred embodiments, the decathal improver comprises encapsulated or otherwise preserved or protected: η-glucan or other carotenoids, carotenoids, derivatives or precursors thereof and One or more optionally added stabilizer compounds. when? Carrot glucoside is encapsulated in microcapsules or has a stable chemical compound Β ·, which can improve the sixteen burning content of Yu No. 2 diesel oil, and can more effectively maintain the P-carotene prepared by conventional methods. The increased ten-minute period is longer. In the preferred embodiment, the cetane number "one mile. RM ^ but ^ alkane number improver is borrowed! Β-... and a stable compound such as ethoxy ... mixed, m, 2: ethylhexyl nitrate It is made by the same kind of succinic acid salt; it is made up of glutamate, 避 避 avoid »» 4 ·, high "Bi," calorific value improver can add ... 冋 2 #b & cetane content in oil In the preferred embodiment ... The following method is used to formulate a good formula. 3 grams of P-carotene (each gram contains: burning 0 Chai and He Luo Roasted Root will be added in the production section 63 200406486 Vitamins..A activity) and 3 g of ethoxyline in 200 ml of a liquid carrier containing stupid hydrocarbons. It is preferred to heat while smashing to make β-carotene and ethoxylin It can be completely dissolved. After that, about 946 ml of a 100% solution of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate is added to the mixture, and methylbenzyl is continuously added to make the total volume reach 3 · 7 8 5 liters. It is prepared in an inert gas environment, but it can also be done if necessary. One or more of the above additives can also be added to this cetane In the value modifier formulation, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate is a particularly good selective additive, but other suitable alkyl nitrates or other grades of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate can also be used. In addition, it is known The skilled person will be able to understand that the other alkyl nitrates mentioned above or the conventional cetane number improver or accelerated igniter have the same function as 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, so they can be replaced equivalently. It is better to prepare many Different cetane number improver formulations, each using a different type of burnt-based nitrate or more than one type of burnt-based nitrate and / or a portion thereof associated with β-carotene. Some of these formulas are According to the method described above, its ability to increase the cetane content of No. 2 diesel oil is evaluated. In the foregoing embodiment, the composition is preferably added in the aforementioned order. However, in other embodiments, the order of addition can also be changed. The prepared cetane number improver is just one example of a "hexadecimal calorific value improver concentrate" ◎ To improve the cetane number of No. 2 diesel, it is better to add to every 2 gallons of diesel From 0.1 ml or 0.1 ml to less than about 70 ml or 70 ml of the above-described cetane number 64200406486 modified good agent. Preferably, the amount of the sixteen calorific value improver concentrate added to each gallon of No. 2 diesel is from about 0.3 ml to about 30 ml or 35 ml; more preferably from about 0.5 ml Ml to about 25 ml; more preferably about 0.7 5 to about 20 ml; or about 1 to about 15 ml, and more preferably about 2, 4, or 5 to About 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Π, 12, 13, or 14 liters. Similar treatments can be used for other types of diesel (including high-sulfur diesel, low-sulfur diesel, low-quality diesel, high-quality diesel, biodiesel, etc.). Although the above-mentioned addition amount is a better choice for some embodiments, in other embodiments, it may be preferable to use an amount different from the amount previously disclosed. For example, an additive containing 125 ml of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and 0.49 g of beta-carotene and adding toluene to a total volume of 500 liters can obtain from about 0.05 liters or less to about 100 per gallon of fuel. Total additive in milliliters OR-CT Fuel containing additives, more preferably about 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, or 0.9 milliliters to about 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 per gallon of fuel Or 50 ml of total additive OR-CT, and most preferably about 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3, 5, or 4 ml to about 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 ml of total additive OR-CT. Ethoxyquinoline can be added to the fuel containing the OR-CT additive, and the amount of the additive is from about 0.05 ml or less to about 100 liters or more per gallon of fuel, preferably from gallon of fuel. Contains about 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, or 0.9 亳 to about 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, or 50 ml, more preferably about 1, 1.5, 2, per gallon of fuel 2.5, 65 200406486 3, 3 · 5, or 4 ml to about 4.5, 5, 6, 77 Ή In other embodiments, the preferred fuel contains buprostatin but not 2-ethyl Hexyl nitrate. In these embodiments, w ^^ contains 0.49 g of β-carotene and toluene is added to make the total volume reach 5000 wide liters. It can be obtained from about 0.0 5 milliliters or 1,000 to 1000 wide liters per gallon ... The additive contains an additive fuel, preferably each additive: scoop (or gram) to about 10%, and most preferably 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 〇 · per 4 ml (or gram) 6, 0.7, 0.8, or 0.9 milliliters of 15, 20, 30, 40, or 50 liters (or grams) of added gallon fuel contains approximately 1, 1, 5, 2, 2, 5, 3, 3, 5, To about 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 ml (Jack) additive. The amount of ethoxyline or other stabilizer compound added is between about 0.05 milliliters or less to about 100 milliliters or more per fuel added, preferably from about 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.6. 7, 0.8 or 0.9 (Wick) to about M, 15, 20, 30, 40 or 50 liters (or grams), more preferably from about 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 , Or 4 (or grams) to about 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or milliliters (or grams). These amounts are suitable whether the β-carotene is in the form of a purified product or in a microcapsule or is otherwise stored or protected. If necessary, β-carotene and or ethoxyxoline can be replaced by appropriately adjusting the fuel. However, the amount of the aforementioned additive is also applicable to the replacement. In some embodiments, higher or lower amounts may be used. Examples The fuel additives in certain examples can be prepared as follows. In other embodiments, other preparation methods may be used. These methods are improved 66 200406486, and the order of addition of ingredients, such as the replacement or replacement of the aforementioned components, whether to use diluents, the equipment used, the mixing conditions and other methods and samples of these methods should be considered Is still within the scope of this method. Various cetane number improver formulations were tested in the base fuel oil. The cetane number test is performed by an independent petroleum laboratory, and each petroleum experiment has passed CARB, EPA, and ASTM certification. The test method used to test the sixteen burning value is ASTM D-613, which is a well-known method for measuring the ignition point of No. 2 diesel. The test data is summarized in Tables 1 and 2. It was also proved that the cetane number modifier improves the cetane content of No. 2 diesel oil. Additive OR-CT was prepared, which contained 395.8 parts by weight of toluene, 660.6 parts by weight of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, and 0.53 parts by weight of bucharoline. Samples of various No. 2 diesel oils were treated with this additive to contain 1 057 ppm of additive OR-CT (hereinafter referred to as "2 + 2" diesel oil samples processed in this way). The "1 + 0.5" in the table below refers to the diesel fuel with an additive of 264 ppm OR-CT and 1 32 ppm 2-ethylhexyl nitrate. "4 + 4" refers to diesel fuel with 1057 ppm OR-CT and 1 05 7 ppm 2-ethylhexyl nitrate. "8 + 8" refers to diesel fuel containing 2 144 ppm OR_CT and 2144 ppm 2-ethylhexyl nitrate. Table 1 provides the basic values for the cetane number. Data include cetane number of base fuels. These base fuels include various No. 2 diesel fuels, diesel fuel with conventional cetane number modifiers (ie, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate), and inert 67 200406486 gas. OR-CT diesel prepared under ambient conditions. Table 1 Variation of the sixteen burning value of the formula compared to the base value. Fuel No. 2 diesel 44.8-No. 2 diesel containing 8 ml of 100% 2-ethylhexyl nitrate 51.8 +7 No. 2 diesel "8 + 8 '' 54.4 +9.6 Base fuel-2 diesel + 2-ethylhexyl nitrate pretreatment 42.6 ** Diesel 2 + 2-ethylhexyl nitrate pre-treatment `` 4 + 4 '' 44.6 +2.1 Fuel-2 diesel 37.0 -Add 8 ml of 100% 2-ethylhexyl nitrate No. 2 diesel 41.8 +4.8 No. 2 diesel "4 + 4" 41.9 +4.9 No. 2 diesel "8 + 8" 43.3 +6.3 Base fuel-No. 2 diesel 32.7- Add 8 ml of 100% 2-ethylhexyl nitrate No. 2 diesel 39.4 +6.7 No. 2 diesel "4 + 4" 37.3 +4.6 No. 2 diesel "8 + 8" 41.4 +8.7 Base fuel-No. 2 diesel 40.6- Add 8 ml of 100% 2-ethylhexyl nitrate No. 2 diesel 46.0 +5.4 p No. diesel "4 + 4" ~~~: 42.6 +2.0 No. 2 diesel "8 + 8" 45.6 +5.0 Base fuel -2 Diesel No. 34.9-Add 1.5 ml of 100% 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate No. 2 Diesel No. 39.9 +5.0 No. 2 Diesel "1 + 0.5" 38.8 +3.9 Base Fuel-No. 2 Diesel, 36.4-Add 100 ml of 4 ml 2-ethylhexyl nitric acid No. 2 diesel 40.3 +3.9 No. 2 diesel “2 + 2” 40.7 +4.3 base fuel No. 2 diesel 42.2-No. 2 diesel “4 + 4” 50.7 +8.5 No. 2 diesel “8 + 8” 60.0 +17.3 base fuel No. 2 diesel 47.8-No. 2 diesel "4 + 4" 57.4 +9.6 No. 2 diesel "8 + 8" 62.5 +14.7 Base fuel_ No. 2 diesel 51.3-No. 2 diesel "4 + 4" 61.0 +9.7 | No. 2 Diesel "8 + 8" 70.5 +19.2 | Base fuel No. 2 diesel 22.9-No. 2 diesel "4 + 4" 31.6 +8.7 | No. 2 diesel "8 + 8" 36.6 +13.7 68 200406486 Table ι (continued)- ---— Γΐ— The sixteen burning value of the formula compared to the basic value ------- ---------- .... Variable base fuel-No. 2 diesel 31.8 No. 2 Diesel 1 4 + 4 "39.1 +7.3 No. 2 is also" ㈣41-_ 42.1 +10.3 Base fuel-No. 2 diesel 38.0 No. 2 diesel 14 + 4 "48.5 +10.5 No. 2 gauge" 8+,-51.1 + 13.1 Diesel 49.2 to ^ diesel `` 4 + 4 '' 54.6 +5.4 `` 8 + 8 '' 1 --- · .............. 1 ---------- --- ---- 62.5 + 13.3

A diesel formulation containing the cetane number improver formulation of the preferred embodiment was prepared and compared with the cetane number of the control group diesel. Samples with air in them are marked as "no nitrogen", and those marked as "with nitrogen" were prepared under an inert gas environment. No 2-EHN was added to any of the samples labeled “4 + 0”. Those labeled as "+ ethoxy Junlin" are formulated with ethoxyline. The base fuel oil used in the experiments in Tables 2 and 3 was Imperial Oil's "clear" diesel fuel.

The bottom fuel oil used in the experiments in Table 4 is Petro-Canada “clear” diesel fuel. Table 2 Sample No. Sixteen Burning Value Change Process Grey 1 37.8-Bottom ® 2 40.9 + 3.1 2 + 2 (no radon) ^ — 3 42.5 +4.7 — 4 40.5 +2.7 2 + 2 (no nitrogen) (+ ethoxy 5 42.3 +4.5 4 + 4 (no nitrogen) (+ ethoxy — — 69 200406486 Table 3 Sample No. Sixteen Burning Value Change Treatment Level 6 36.8-Bottom Fuel 7 42.2 +5.4 4 + 4 (N2 Free) 8 43.6 +6.8 8 + 8 (N2 Free) 9 41.4 +4.6 4 + 4 (N2 Free) (+ Ethoxy p quinine) 10 44.9 +8.1 8 + 8 (without nitrogen) (+ ethoxyxoline) Table 4 Sample number Cetane number change degree 11 51.8-Base fuel 12 49.2 -2.6 4 + 0 ( No nitrogen) 13 50.1 -1.7 4 + 0 (no nitrogen) 14 54.9 +3.1 4 + 〇 (no nitrogen) (+ ethoxyline) 15 55.5 +3.7 4 + 0 (no nitrogen) (+ ethoxyline) Comparing the results in Tables 2-4, it can be found that ethoxyline can effectively protect β-carotene improvement even under excellent oxidizing environment (that is, a few minutes of air in the sample) Capability of six calorific value. Table 5 provides five kinds of diesel samples and products testing to further quantify the treatment of "exposed to the air". The diesel treated with conventional additives and the additive σ agent of the preferred embodiment of the present invention The following additive OR-CT-A contains 125 ml of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate and 0.49 g of β-carotene, and the total volume is added to 5,000 ml (in an inert gas) Prepared below). Add this additive OR-CT-A to the specially selected samples to obtain the treatment shown in the following table. And add 2EΗN to the selected samples. The total sample volume of each sample is 9500 ml Sample 4a-5a is aerated (shake it in the atmosphere). Sample 70 200406486 3 a-5a is stored with a space for gas in the contents. Sample 1a-2a is a warp Prepared and stored in an inert environment. The time between preparing a fuel sample and testing the cetane number of each sample is about 3 days or more. Table 5 Ethoxygen + Lin (ml) Additive OR-CT ( Per milliliter • ml 2EHN (ml per liter of life) equivalent OR-CT volume (ml per liter) equivalent 2EHN (ml per gallon) supplementary supplement --- Air inert gas available Sixteen burning value 40.9 ~ 1Σ5 ~~ XJ 0 la 0 2 2 528.5 528.5 Benefit 2a 0 4 4 1057 1057 ------- None 3a 0 0 0 0 0 4a 1 2 2 528.5 528.5 Benefit J /.〇40.5 5a 1 4 4 1057 1057 No 42.3 The data shows that the formula containing β-carotene and ethoxy p-quinine is improved by no matter whether it is prepared under the inert gas environment without adding ethoxyquinoline or in the atmosphere. Hexane effects are similar. Ventilation of six calorific value modifiers Table 6 provides five test samples to determine the protective effect of ethoxyline in a diesel sample containing β-carotene as ten. this. Additive OR-CT-B contains 250 ml of 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, 1 g of P-carrot glucose f, 25 g of ethoxyquinoline, and toluene is added to bring the total volume to 1 000 ml . OR-CT-B was added to Λ ', and the additive was added to the selected samples to obtain the processing conditions shown in the table. In the 6 μt sample, 2EHN was added to each sample. Add ethoxyline to samples 3b-4b and pass through the aeration step for minutes. This ventilation condition is severe. The cetane number volume was 95.0 ml. Each sample was subjected to an air pressure of 20 psi, and the ventilation time was the atmospheric environment that may be exposed by ordinary diesel. 71 200406486 The results are shown below. Table 6 Samples added to the sample ethoxylated (ml) additive OR-CT Likouyu's ml) Supplemental 2EHN (ml per gallon) Sixteen burning value lb 0 4 4 42.2 2b 0 8 8 43.6 3b 1 4 4 41.4 4b 1 8 8 44.9 5b 0 0 0 36.8 Test included Diesel oil with ethoxyxoline and β-carotene as its only additives has an improved cetane number. Table 7 provides 5 test samples. Samples 3c and 5c were prepared under atmospheric conditions. Samples 2c and 4c were prepared in an inert gas environment, but the lid was intentionally left closed for about 15 minutes during storage to expose the sample to the atmosphere. The cetane number results are shown below. Table 7 Ethoxyline (ml) added to the sample β-carotene (ml per gallon) Hexadecimal value of inert gas 0c 0 0 No 51.8 lc 0 4 Yes 49.2 2c 0 4 No 50.1 3c 1 4 With 54.9 4c 1 4 Without 55.5 The data shows that the addition of ethoxylate is more effective than the addition of β-carotene to double the sixteen burning value. Adding a conventional sixteen burner * value modifier in a typical typical amount can only increase about two to three sixteen burner values. The above 0 R-C Τ additive and supplemented 2EΗN can improve about 1 cetane number to about 5 cetane number. Formula containing β-carotene and ethoxyline can increase by approximately 72 8 hexadecimal values. As the steam, ash, and other fuels grow, they are chemically degraded in the air. “The composition of them is degraded due to slow oxidation. These chemical deteriorations precipitate. This is redundant That is, the gelatinization process generally seen below can be slowed down by adding a stability test u inhibitor, oxidation can also be used to predict the fuel's ability, but & its resistance to colloidal precipitation during feeding ~ / Flying oil is not able to completely remove the items captured by Cen Ru Λ indefinitely because it has not been able to suppress the formation of colloidal precipitation. Traditionally, along the =, ° 乂 and re-manufactured Wan and join the cloud # Limit about 6 Η The storage period of anaerobic gasoline is generally, but under the condition of more severe money Chengyou, You, and Qi, the storage period will still be

Shorter ... made by the cracking process ... Gan ... B pe ^ ^ ^ 1 is prepared, which contains an unsaturated composition that is easily emulsified during storage and forms undesired ^ > Anything that is not φ + big ... is oxidized and polymerized to form colloid. The gelatin produced in the early stage will maintain the regretful gu & ^, and resentment, but with the subsequent chemical changes, it will be precipitated in one step.一 私 4, Yan and ^ are the formation of colloids because of free radicals

For example, peroxides), J, J, and Li refining process contaminated metal (special steel ions) ion-catalyzed non-platinum 疋 Quaternary and paraffin chain reaction. Since most gasoline is consumed shortly after the gasoline tank is full, this means that for most consumers, the storage problem of quenching 4 aa is not significant. However, for gasoline distributors, suppliers of poultry, or even consumers who want to store gasoline for a long time (that is, more than 6 or in the non-optimal storage position ^ 1%). The storage of gasoline is a woman's door. Therefore, an additive that can prevent gasoline from colloidal precipitation and does not change the gasoline and occupies you inw is the performance of the additive when used, is the goal that the industry strives to find. The formed colloidal precipitate itself is a substance, such as f + species eight / occupying viscosity, lacquer-like sticky willow shell ’must not enter the thief _ οα…, and die. When it is too much, it will block the feed pipe, filter and pump network, and it will be blocked. Cry p + ,, Turen ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, and the valve, etc. And reduce the vapor value of two kinds of non-volatile residues. Existing colloidal growth ... Fruits represent the amount of gelatine that can be produced if the fuel is used immediately. It may form a thick texture. TM Test D381 is a test for the formation of existing reserves in fuel. It is measured by jet volatilization before or during the test: the amount of colloid (oxidation product) formed. In most tests Can be two: The knee-quality Shen Dian representatives will not cause system failure. On the contrary, such as :: The quality Shen Dian appears in aviation jet fuel 'a table fuel is contaminated with high boiling 4 oil or specific substances, generally represents fine θδ 4 丨 There are questions about Deng's downstream treatment. The quality of still plastic can cause the potential stickiness of the car engine's suction valve to become sticky. 〇Potential gum can be known by a test, which can be predicted / predicted. Jet fuel or gasoline in a particular Whether there is a possible colloid after the rapid aging period. Its value represents the storage of a fuel over a long period of time: Yes: ^ The tendency to produce a colloidal sink. Potential impact of colloid sinks and the existing The effect is the same. For the car fuel, it can be expressed in the colloidal sedimentation (a.-Called "(sometimes also called seizures). This represents the period from the accelerated test until the tenderness starts quickly ... The elapsed period (in minutes). For aviation fuel and jet fuel 2004 20048686, the potential colloidal precipitation can be expressed as α "potential or accelerated colloidal deposit mP_ual w accelemed gum". This is a colloidal precipitate plus lead deposition (from gasoline containing &) measured from the end of a period of accelerated aging. ASTM test D525's Oxidation Stability Test for Gasoline (Induction Period Method) is based on the accelerated oxidation state to determine the stability of a refined gasoline. This induction period can be used as the ease (or tendency) of a car gasoline to form a colloidal precipitate (ie, a potential colloidal precipitate) during the tardiness period. Perylenes, including dihydrophosphines, such as ethoxyline, are particularly suitable for suppressing colloidal precipitation. 'Specially, those colloidal precipitates measured in "potential or accelerated colloidal precipitation" were tested. Quinoline can be added to the fuel in the same amount as other colloidal inhibitors. Depending on the degree of oxidation of the fuel, the added amount may be less than 1 ppm or about 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 ppm or more; preferably 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, or 100 ppm or more; more preferably about 100, 15, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, or 500 ppm or more. If the fuel condition is particularly poor, that is, the potential colloidal precipitation of the base fuel is high, the amount of peroxoline added can be as high as 600, 650, 700, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 2000, 3 000, or 4000 ppm or more. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the amount of ethoxyline that is added to gasoline is 50 to 7500 ppm, preferably 100 to 500 ppm, and more preferably 200 or 400 ppm. The gasoline used in the various embodiments may be a mixture or conventional formulation of hydrocarbons in the boiling point range of gasoline, or it may contain oxygen-comprising components such as alcohols and / or ethers having an appropriate boiling point, ie, fuel solubility 75 200406486. , Such as methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-pentamidine ether (TAME), and mixtures of oxygen-containing substances, which are made of "oxygen" gasoline and / or in Formed by enols in the boiling point range of gasoline. Therefore, each embodiment relates to the use of gasoline, including reformulated gasolines, which are designed to meet various requirements regarding the base fuel oil itself, the composition of the fuel that can be used, performance requirements, toxicological considerations, and / or environmental considerations Government regulations. Therefore, the amount of oxygen-containing composition, detergents, antioxidants, defoamers, etc. in the fuel can be adjusted and changed according to applicable government regulations. Aviation fuel for aviation piston engines must have an octane number that can meet the engine It is required that the freezing point is -60 ° C and the distillation temperature is generally between 3 ° C and 180 ° C. Gasoline suitable for the preferred embodiment also includes those used for two-stroke engines. In a stroke engine, lubricating oil is added to the combustion chamber and mixed with gasoline. Combustion causes unburned gasoline and black smoke in the exhaust. Some two-stroke engines may also be very inefficient, causing them to run for 2 hours under load. The emissions produced are the same as those produced by a gasoline-powered car equipped with a typical emissions control system when it has run 13,000 miles. In a typical two-stroke vehicle, about 25% By 30% of the unburned gasoline leaves from the tailpipes. In California alone, there are nearly 500,000 two-stroke engines, which produce approximately the same amount of exhaust gas as 4,000,000 million gasoline-powered cars can produce. In Malaysia, or even most of Asia, 76 200406486 China and India, the problem is even more serious. Malaysia has about 4,000,000 two-stroke engines, which produces air pollution equivalent to 32,00,000 cars. Pyridoxine, such as oxoxoline, is added to any liquid hydrocarbon fuel that is prone to colloidal precipitation, including diesel, jet fuel, and residual oil. The amount of addition is similar to that used in gasoline, but it depends on the fuel itself To adjust the situation.

From the above description, those skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the invention to make the invention applicable to Various uses and conditions. Therefore, other specific embodiments are also within the scope of the patentable scope of the present invention. 77

Claims (1)

200406486 Pick up and apply for a patent Fan Feng: 1. A cetane improver for diesel, the cetane improver includes: β-carotene; and 2,2,4-trimethyl-6- Ethoxy-1,2-dihydrophosphonium. 2. A cetane improver for diesel, the cetane improver includes: an additive capable of improving cetane number, which is selected from the group consisting of carotene, carotenoid, and carotene derivative Compounds, carotene precursors, carotenoid derivatives, carotenoid precursors, long chain meridian compounds, and mixtures thereof; and a stabilizing compound, which is capable of inhibiting this and improving sixteen fever Oxidation of thecetaneim ρ r owing additive. 3. The diesel cetane number improver according to item 2 of the patent application scope, wherein the stable compound includes 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydrofluorene. 4. The diesel cetane number improver according to item 2 of the patent application scope, further comprising an oily extract of a plant and a heat stabilizer. 78 200406486 5 · Diesel XVI: t completion value improver according to item 4 of the scope of patent application, wherein the oily extract of the plant comprises oily extract from leguminous plants (g · wm / π〇ae fami 1 y) Extract. 6. The diesel cetane number improver according to item 4 of the patent application, wherein the oily extract of the plant comprises an oily extract extracted from barley. 7. The diesel cetane number improver according to item 4 of the patent application, wherein the oily extract of the plant contains chlorophyll. 8. For the diesel cetane number improver under item 4 of the patent application, the thermal stabilizer includes oil recovery. 9. The diesel cetane number improver as claimed in item 4 of the patent application, wherein the heat stabilizer comprises a C20-C22 linear monounsaturated carboxylic acid ester compound. 10. The diesel cetane number improver according to item 4 of the patent application scope, wherein the oily extract of the plant comprises an oily extract from barley and a heat stabilizer including oil recovery. 1 1. The diesel cetane number improver according to item 2 of the patent application scope, further comprising a diluent. 79 12.200406486 The cetane number improver of diesel oil according to item 丨 丨 in the patent scope, wherein the diluent is selected from the group consisting of toluene, gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and mixtures thereof. 13. The diesel cetane number improver as claimed in item 2 of the patent application scope, further comprising an oxygenate. 14. The cetane number improver of claim 13 in the patent application range, wherein the oxygenator is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, tert-butyl ether, tert-butyl ether, tert-pentyl ether, and mixtures thereof. Group. 15. As stated in the patent claim No. 2 of the diesel cetific value improver, it further comprises at least one additional additive, the additive is selected from the group consisting of Agents, corrosion inhibitors, metal deactivators, accelerated ignition agents, dispersants, anti-knock additives, antirun on additives, anti_pre > _igniti〇n additives ) Anti-misfire additives, anti-wear additives, antioxidants, heat stabilizers, vegetable oil extracts, defoamers, carrier fluids, solvents, fuel economy additives, and emission reduction additives , Lubricant modifiers, and mixtures thereof. 80 200406486 1 6 · The diesel cetane number improver according to item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein β-carotene and 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2- · The ratio of grams of dihydroxanthroline is between about 20: 1 and about 1: 1. 1, 7 · The cetane number improver for diesel according to item 1 of the application, wherein β-carotene and 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-di The weight ratio of hydroxoline ranges from about 15: 1 to about 5: 1. 1 8. The cetane number improver for diesel according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein β-husin 4] hormone and 2,2,4-trisino-6-ethoxy-1,2 -The weight ratio of dihydroxanthroline is about 10: 1. 19. The diesel cetane number improver according to item 2 of the patent application scope, further comprising 2-ethylhexyl nitrate. 20 · —A diesel oil containing additives, the diesel oil comprising a fuel base oil and a fuel additive for improving the sixteen burning value, the fuel additive comprises: β-carotene; and 2,2,4-trimethyl- 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydrophosphonium. 2 1. A diesel oil containing additives, the diesel oil includes a fuel base oil and a fuel additive for improving the cetyl alcohol value, the fuel additive contains: 81 200406486 an additive capable of improving the cetane number, which is selected Selected from the group consisting of carotenoids, carotenoids, carotene derivatives, carotene precursors, carotenoid derivatives, carotenoid precursors, long chain olefins and compounds; and a stabilizing compound It can inhibit the oxidation of the cetane improving additive. 22. The additive-containing diesel oil according to claim 20, wherein the diesel oil contains about 0.00025 g to about 0.05 g of β-carotene per 375 ml of the additive-containing diesel oil and per 37 8 5 milliliters of diesel with additives contains about 0.00002 5 grams to about 0.005 grams of ethoxyquin 4 (ethoxyquin). 2 3. The additive-containing diesel oil according to item 20 of the scope of patent application, wherein the diesel oil contains about 0.0005 3 g to about 0.021 g of beta-carotene per 375 ml of additive-containing diesel oil and Each 3785 milliliters of diesel fuel with additives contains about 0.000053 grams to about 0.0021 grams of ethoxyquin. 24. A method for preparing diesel fuel containing an additive, the method comprising the following steps: preparing a first additive, the first additive is obtained by adding β-carrot 82 200406486 to vegetarian, ethoxylin, and oil recovery oil), and a diluent, which comprises about 4 milliliters of oil recovery oil, about 4 grams of beta-carotene, and about 0.4 grams of ethoxyline per 375 milliliters of the first additive; A second additive is prepared. The second additive is obtained by combining the oily extract of barley, jojoba oil, and a diluent. It includes about 4 milliliters of oil recovery and about 19.36 grams of barley oily extracts; and The first additive and the second additive are added to a diesel base oil to prepare an additive-containing diesel oil, so that each 3 7 8 5 ml of the additive-containing diesel oil contains about 0.1 5 ml to about 20 Milliliter of the first additive and such that each 3,785 milliliters of the additive-containing diesel contains about 0.3 milliliters to about 3.6 milliliters of the second additive. 2 5 · —A method for preparing diesel containing additives, the method includes the following steps: A first additive was prepared. The first additive was obtained by combining β-carotene, ethoxyquinol, jojoba oil, and a diluent. The first additive includes about 32 milliliters of oil recovery oil, about 32 grams of beta-carotene, and about 3.2 grams of ethoxyline; a second additive is prepared by extracting the oily extract of barley , Jojoba oil, and a diluent combined at 83 200406486, and each 3785 liters of this second additive includes about 32 liters of oil recovery and about 155 grams of barley oily extraction And adding the first additive and the second additive to a diesel base oil to prepare an additive-containing diesel oil, so that the additive-containing diesel oil is contained in an amount of about 0.0625 to about 0.625 per 37.5 ml of the additive-containing diesel oil. The milliliter of the first additive and the additive-containing diesel oil contained about 0.3 milliliters to about 0.4 milliliters of the second additive per 3 7 8 5 liters. 2 6 · A colloidal precipitation inhibitor for gasoline, the colloidal precipitation inhibitor comprises: 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroxanthroline. 27. A gasoline composition comprising 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydro + Zhilin. 28. The gasoline composition according to item 27 of the application, wherein the concentration of 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroxoline in the gasoline composition is about 5% Between 50 ppm and 1000 ppm. 29. The gasoline composition according to item 27 of the scope of patent application, wherein the concentration of 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2 "dihydroxanthroline in the gasoline composition is about 5% Between 100 ppm and 500 ppm. 3 0. The gasoline composition according to item 27 of the patent application scope, wherein 2,2,4-84 200406486 trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydrophosphine in the gasoline composition The concentration is between 200 ppm and 400 ppm. 85 200406486 柒. Designated Representative Map: (1) The designated representative map in this case is: Figure 2. (2) Brief description of the component representative symbols of this representative diagram: No designated diagram 捌 If there is a chemical formula in this case, please disclose the ft formula that best shows the characteristics of the invention: No representative chemical formula 2