BR0311775A - Method and composition for using stabilized beta carotene as a cetane improver in hydrocarbonaceous diesel fuels - Google Patents

Method and composition for using stabilized beta carotene as a cetane improver in hydrocarbonaceous diesel fuels

Info

Publication number
BR0311775A
BR0311775A BR0311775-8A BR0311775A BR0311775A BR 0311775 A BR0311775 A BR 0311775A BR 0311775 A BR0311775 A BR 0311775A BR 0311775 A BR0311775 A BR 0311775A
Authority
BR
Brazil
Prior art keywords
fuel
composition
stabilized
beta carotene
additive
Prior art date
Application number
BR0311775-8A
Other languages
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Frederick L Jordan
Richard J Laub
Original Assignee
Oryxe energy int inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oryxe energy int inc filed Critical Oryxe energy int inc
Publication of BR0311775A publication Critical patent/BR0311775A/en

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/12Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving the cetane number
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/232Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/02Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for reducing smoke development
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/1802Organic compounds containing oxygen natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/185Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C10L1/1852Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/19Esters ester radical containing compounds; ester ethers; carbonic acid esters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/23Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites
    • C10L1/231Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one nitrogen-to-oxygen bond, e.g. nitro-compounds, nitrates, nitrites nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14Organic compounds
    • C10L1/30Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes)
    • C10L1/301Organic compounds compounds not mentioned before (complexes) derived from metals

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

"MéTODO E COMPOSIçãO PARA USAR BETA-CAROTENO ESTABILIZADO COMO MELHORADOR DE CETANO EM COMBUSTìVEIS DIESEL HIDROCARBONáCEOS". A presente invenção refere-se a um aditivo para combustível diesel que inclui beta-caroteno estabilizado com 2,2,4-trimetil-6-etóxi-1,2-dihidroquinolina. O aditivo pode ser adicionado a qualquer combustível de hidrocarboneto líquido, combustível de hidrocarboneto sólido ou outro combustível hidrocarbonáceo para reduzir as emissões de componentes indesejados durante a combustão do combustível, oferecer maior economia de combustível, limpeza e/ou desempenho melhores do combustível. Também é fornecido um método para preparar o aditivo."METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR USING BETA CAROTENE STABILIZED AS KETAN IMPROVEMENT IN DIESEL HYDROCARBONACE FUELS". The present invention relates to a diesel fuel additive comprising beta-carotene stabilized with 2,2,4-trimethyl-6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline. The additive may be added to any liquid hydrocarbon fuel, solid hydrocarbon fuel or other hydrocarbon fuel to reduce emissions of unwanted components during fuel combustion, offer greater fuel economy, better cleaning and / or fuel performance. Also provided is a method for preparing the additive.

BR0311775-8A 2002-06-11 2003-06-10 Method and composition for using stabilized beta carotene as a cetane improver in hydrocarbonaceous diesel fuels BR0311775A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US38838502P 2002-06-11 2002-06-11
US40911502P 2002-09-05 2002-09-05
PCT/US2003/018282 WO2003104360A2 (en) 2002-06-01 2003-06-10 Method and composition for using stabilized beta-carotene as cetane improver in hydrocarbonaceous diesel fuels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
BR0311775A true BR0311775A (en) 2005-04-26

Family

ID=29740023

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
BR0311775-8A BR0311775A (en) 2002-06-11 2003-06-10 Method and composition for using stabilized beta carotene as a cetane improver in hydrocarbonaceous diesel fuels

Country Status (10)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1532230A4 (en)
JP (1) JP4567445B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1675338B (en)
AR (1) AR040190A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003237545A1 (en)
BR (1) BR0311775A (en)
CA (1) CA2489192A1 (en)
MX (1) MXPA04012633A (en)
TW (1) TW200406486A (en)
WO (1) WO2003104360A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040216371A1 (en) * 2003-04-29 2004-11-04 Colket Meredith Bright Nitrogen in fuel-additives to suppress particulate emissions from gas turbines and diesel engines
KR101022726B1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2011-03-22 오릭세 에너지 인터내셔널 인코포레이티드 Novel hydrocarbon fuel additives and fuel formulations exhibiting improved combustion properties
US7691158B2 (en) 2004-06-25 2010-04-06 Oryxe Energy International, Inc. Hydrocarbon fuel additives and fuel formulations exhibiting improved combustion properties
CN101384687A (en) * 2005-12-21 2009-03-11 Oryxe能源国际公司 Residual fuel oil additive
EP1847584A3 (en) * 2006-04-21 2008-10-22 Infineum International Limited Improvements in Biofuel
NL1034160C2 (en) * 2007-07-19 2009-01-20 Univ Eindhoven Tech Fuel mixture and method for its application.
WO2013075296A1 (en) * 2011-11-23 2013-05-30 Xiong Liang Hydrocarbon fuel antioxidant and use method therefor
TWI572707B (en) * 2015-09-17 2017-03-01 王宏 Composition of gasoline octane booster and gasoline octane booster
CN109513460B (en) * 2018-11-20 2021-06-29 扬州大学 Synthesis method of beta-carotene degradation catalyst
US11286412B2 (en) 2019-11-04 2022-03-29 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Water-based drilling fluid compositions and methods for drilling subterranean wells
EP3825387A1 (en) * 2019-11-22 2021-05-26 Afton Chemical Corporation Fuel-soluble cavitation inhibitor for fuels used in common-rail injection engines
US11760919B2 (en) 2020-07-07 2023-09-19 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Foams for hydrocarbon recovery, wells including such, and methods for use of such
WO2022072575A1 (en) * 2020-10-01 2022-04-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Acidizing fluid and method of improving hydrocarbon recovery using the same
WO2022075348A1 (en) * 2020-10-07 2022-04-14 直彌 吉川 Method and system for producing diesel fuel having improved property
US11359134B2 (en) 2020-10-19 2022-06-14 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Treatment fluids and methods for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4274835A (en) * 1979-11-05 1981-06-23 Oryx, Inc. Method and composition for modifying burning of sulfur in coals and hydrocarbon fuels
US4839188A (en) * 1988-05-27 1989-06-13 Uniroyal Chemical Company, Inc. Stabilized fat compositions
US4981495A (en) * 1989-07-13 1991-01-01 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Methods for stabilizing gasoline mixtures
US4941968A (en) * 1989-07-28 1990-07-17 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Method for inhibiting gum formation in liquid hydrocarbon mediums
US5826369A (en) * 1993-12-07 1998-10-27 Barto/Jordan Company, Inc. Chlorophyll based fuel additive for reducing pollutant emissions
US6193766B1 (en) * 1996-06-27 2001-02-27 Barto/Jordan Company, Inc. Alfalfa extract fuel additive for reducing pollutant emissions
JP3968820B2 (en) * 1997-06-13 2007-08-29 日本油脂株式会社 Fuel oil composition
US5891491A (en) * 1997-07-25 1999-04-06 Solutia Inc. Use of dihydroxyquinoline compounds to extend the shelf life of products of mammals and fish
JP3469094B2 (en) * 1998-07-09 2003-11-25 三洋化成工業株式会社 Fuel oil additive and fuel oil composition
JP3665497B2 (en) * 1999-02-15 2005-06-29 三洋化成工業株式会社 Lubricity improver for fuel oil and fuel oil composition
AU1556201A (en) * 1999-12-06 2001-06-18 Akihiko Niina Stabilizer for unsaturated compounds or stuff containing the compounds and method of stabilization
CN1215151C (en) * 2000-04-14 2005-08-17 奥赖克能量国际有限公司 Improver of organic hexadecane

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003104360A2 (en) 2003-12-18
CN1675338A (en) 2005-09-28
AU2003237545A8 (en) 2003-12-22
AU2003237545A1 (en) 2003-12-22
CA2489192A1 (en) 2003-12-18
TW200406486A (en) 2004-05-01
CN1675338B (en) 2012-11-28
EP1532230A2 (en) 2005-05-25
JP4567445B2 (en) 2010-10-20
AR040190A1 (en) 2005-03-16
WO2003104360A3 (en) 2004-04-08
EP1532230A4 (en) 2010-11-17
JP2005529993A (en) 2005-10-06
MXPA04012633A (en) 2005-08-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
MXPA05006343A (en) Alcohol enhanced alternative fuels.
BR0311775A (en) Method and composition for using stabilized beta carotene as a cetane improver in hydrocarbonaceous diesel fuels
BR0208270A (en) Use of plant derived materials in fossil fuels to reduce emissions
MY148333A (en) Fuel composition and its use
AR056027A1 (en) FUEL COMPOSITIONS
MY136802A (en) Diesel fuel compositions
RU2012121930A (en) DIESEL FUEL COMPOSITION AND METHOD FOR REDUCING NOx EMISSIONS FROM DIESEL ENGINE
BRPI0719659B8 (en) fuel composition, and methods to manufacture a fuel composition and to power an engine
WO2001083406A3 (en) Low sulfur, low emission blends of fischer-tropsch and conventional diesel fuels
ATE353356T1 (en) FUEL COMPOSITIONS
EP1357170A3 (en) Friction modifier additives for fuel compositions and methods of use thereof
MY175179A (en) A compression-ignition low octane gasoline engine
Kajitani et al. DME fuel blends for low-emission, direct-injection diesel engines
SG152934A1 (en) Hydrocarbon composition for use in compression-ignition engines
AR033821A1 (en) COMPOSITION OF FUEL ADDITIVES, FUEL COMPOSITION THAT UNDERSTANDS IT AND ITS USE TO REDUCE DEPOSITS IN THE INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE ADMISSION VALVE
WO2005001004A3 (en) Additive for hydrocarbon fuel and related process
ATE292665T1 (en) ADDITIVE COMPOSITION FOR MIDDLE DISTILLATE FUELS AND MIDDLE DISTILLATE FUEL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAME
BR9913781A (en) Fuel additive composition for use in the treatment of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, process for the composition of fuel additive for use in the treatment of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, process for the treatment of fuels containing liquid hydrocarbons, and, fuel composition for use in internal combustion engines
Nagaprasad et al. Effect of injecting hydrogen peroxide into diesel engine
Gomaa et al. Trade-off between NOx, soot and EGR rates for an IDI diesel engine fuelled with JB5
DE60026884D1 (en) FUEL COMPOSITION COMPRISING FUEL COMPOUNDS FOR PETROL ENGINES WITH DIRECT INJECTION
BR9913780A (en) Fuel additive composition, process for treating diesel fuels, and fuel composition for use in diesel engines
AR017463A1 (en) A NAFTA COMPOSITION FOR USE AS A FUEL IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF SPARK, A METHOD FOR OPERATING AND A METHOD FOR REDUCING NOX EMISSIONS IN AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE OF SPARK.
ATE407189T1 (en) ADDITIVE TO IMPROVE COMBUSTION IN COMBUSTION ENGINES AND BOILERS
Prashant et al. Investigation on parameters of methanol fuel and its blend on a diesel dual fuel engine

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
B07A Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]
B09B Patent application refused [chapter 9.2 patent gazette]

Free format text: INDEFIRO O PEDIDO DE ACORDO COM O(S) ARTIGO(S) 8 E 13 DA LPI.

B09B Patent application refused [chapter 9.2 patent gazette]

Free format text: MANTIDO O INDEFERIMENTO UMA VEZ QUE NAO FOI APRESENTADO RECURSO DENTRO DO PRAZO LEGAL.