TW200302365A - Germanium-free silicate waveguide compositions for enhanced L-band and S-band emission and method for its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for manufacturing an optical fiber and the resulting article. The method including the steps of: providing a substrate tube; depositing high purity silica-based cladding layers on the inside of the tube; depositing a germanium-free core comprising a glass including silica, and oxides of Al, La, Er, and Tm; collapsing the substrate tube to form a preform; and drawing the preform to yield an optical fiber. A germanium-free co-doped silicate optical waveguide in accordance with the present invention includes a core material comprising silica, aluminum, lanthanum, erbium and thulium, wherein the concentration of Er is from 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; Al is from 0.5 mol% to 15 mol%; La is less than 2 mol%; and Tm is from 150 ppm to 10000 ppm. In an exemplary specific embodiment the concentration of Al is from 4 mol% to 10 mol%; and the concentration of Tm is from 150 ppm to 3000 ppm. The core may further include F. In an exemplary embodiment, the concentration of F is less than or equal to 6 mol%. The waveguide may be an optical fiber, a shaped fiber or other light-guiding waveguides. An amplifier according to the present invention includes the optical fiber described above.

Description

200302365 玖 发明, description of the invention (the description of the invention should state: the technical field, the prior art, the content, the embodiments and the diagrams of the invention are brief descriptions). Waveguide of germanium chemical composition. High-speed optical communication via optical fiber networks can transmit extremely large amounts of data via optical signals. When these optical signals travel over long distances and are coupled, operated, or guided by optical devices, the intensity decreases. Signal attenuation can be caused by many factors, such as absorption and scattering by the transmission fiber itself, coupling loss, and bending loss. When the signal becomes weaker, it is more difficult to interpret and transmit the signal. Finally, the signal becomes too weak to lose data. Optical amplification is a technology that amplifies or enhances optical signals. Optical amplification is an important part of existing high-speed optical communications. Optical amplification is generally performed using a device (amplifier) containing a pump laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, an isolator, a gain-shaping grid, and an active rare-earth-doped fiber. Existing fiber optic networks-and optical amplifiers-operate at a typical wavelength range of ~ 1 530-1 5 70 nm, the so-called C-band. An optical band can be defined as a range of wavelengths, that is, an operating range in which an optical signal can be processed. A larger number of available light bands will generally translate into more useful communication channels. The more channels, the more data you can send. Each light band is the same as the name on the text. The name of the optical band used in this application is: 200302365 (2) Attacker: The wavelength range of the optical band C- ~ 1530 to ~ 1570 nm L- 1 570 to ~ 1605 nm Extended L-light band 1570 to ~ 1630 + nm S-optical band 1450 to 1 530 nm At present, high-speed network backbone optical fiber networks rely on optical amplifiers every about 40-100 kilometers to enhance the signal. The most advanced business systems rely on the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM) 'to transmit ~ 80 channels of 10 Gbit / s in narrow wavelength bands (such as C-bands). Channels are separated by ~ 0.4 nm. These channels can be inserted forward or backward by 0.4 nm (0.4 nm between forward and backward channels) to provide multi-megabit / second bidirectional transmission rates on a single fiber. Recently, due to the advent of L-band amplifiers, C- and L-band amplifiers can be used to extend the optical transmission operating range from 1530-1565 nm to 1530-1605 nm, which can provide up to 160 channels / fiber. There are also clear expectations for even wider light band operations to increase data output. Normal operation is limited by the maximum absorption of excited states in erbium-doped fibers to ~ 1605 nm. Operation in silicate-based fibers is theoretically limited to ~ 1 650 nm because of high attenuation and because of the phonon absorption at wavelengths above 1650 nm. Currently, operation in fiber optic systems is effectively limited to ~ 1630 nm due to the loss of the huge bend. Future systems will likely use wavelengths from 1450 to 1630 nm, which contain so-called S-light bands. The use of S-light tape has proven that its data carrying capacity is almost (3) (3) 200302365

Existing-a period of C- + L «Duo Xiong · Xuan A yi You τ 糸 糸 芡 芡 double. Experiments have shown that the C- + L- + S- optical band has been shown; the -r 丄 < ~ structure can be transmitted in the early fiber up to ~ 10 ·

Tb / s. There are generally three methods of light amplification in the 1450 1630 nm region: Raman amplification is amplified by a rare earth-doped fiber amplifier, and Raman and rare earth-doped components are large.

Raman Fiber Optic

The Raman system relies on the combination of input photons and lattice vibration (photons) to convert pumped light into longer wavelengths (Stokes conversion). The magnified spectrum will widen ’but sometimes there are unexpectedly steep patterns. This method is not effective, and it requires the power source to be Puyuan. The high-power pump contains a fiber laser or a series of laser-poles ' and its cost is quite high. This method becomes non-linear due to the accompanying intensity. Because it requires high input strength, this method may lead to other unnecessary non-linear processes, such as 4-wave mixing and its own phase adjustment. However, Raman amplifiers are used in combination with rare earth-doped amplifiers to increase the span. Length, especially 10 Gbit / s and faster systems. Ying .. Soil-doped_fiber amplifier A rare-earth-doped amplifier relies on the excitation of electrons in the rare-earth ion in the optical pumping section and then emits when the excited ion returns to a lower energy state. Excited foot electrons can relax in two radiation programs: automatic emission and stimulated emission. The former can cause unnecessary noise, while the latter can provide amplification. The important parameters of the amplifier are its spectral width, noise, and power conversion efficiency (PCE). The latter two parameters are related to the lifetime of the excited state of the rare earth ion: a longer service life results in lower noise and a higher P C E. C-the spectral width of the optical fiber in the optical band (deciding how many channels can be amplified simultaneously in the c-optical band of -9-200302365 ^ mmmm) and the full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of the automatic emission spectrum of rare-earth-doped glass )related.

Most commercial amplifiers are based on arsenic-doped silicate fibers containing aluminum and lanthanum (SALE- (broken, aluminum, lanthanum, bait)) or aluminum and germanium (SAGE). These two traditional fiber types In SAGE, a slightly larger spectral width can be provided for additional channels. SALE fiber usually provides slightly higher solubility of rare earth ions and can be used for shorter fibers. This is advantageous for minimizing, for example, polarization mode dispersion. SALE and SAGE fibers generally provide amplification of C- or L-bands, but this will leave most of the low-loss region of unused silicon oxide transmission fibers, that is, the extended L-bands (> 1610 nm) Long wavelength portion.

In the S-band, rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers generally rely on non-silicate-doped europium (Tm) glass. Rhenium provides a relatively broad emission from the center to 1470 nm. The energy level of plutonium is such that multiphonons can easily terminate this transmission, especially for high phonon energy subjects such as silicon oxide. For this reason, lower phonon energy glasses such as heavy metal oxides (for example, acid salts, fetal acid salts and antimonate glasses), and especially fluoride glasses such as " ZBLAN " These non-silicate glasses are not easily fiberized and welded into existing transmission optical fibers, and commercial applications have so far been limited. In the extended L-band, rare earth-doped optical fibers are generally heavy metal oxides or fluorides. Examples of heavy metal oxide glasses are glass mainly oxidized and antimony oxide. Neither type of glass is easily welded because of its low melting point and high refractive index. In the S- and extended L-bands, researchers have used optical fibers containing both bait and puppet cores for optical amplifier research. Unexamined Korean Patent Application -10-200302365

(5) No. 10-1998-00460125 refers to an optical fiber having a core including Si02, P205, Al203, Ge02, Er203, Tm203 (SPAGET). The range of Er and Tm ions is 100-3 000 ppm. In addition to Er and Tm, Yb, Ho, Pr, and Tb may be included in the core. The reference also mentions cladding layers containing SiO2, F, P205, B203.

Er-Tm co-doped silica fiber lasers have been proposed. The laser

Contains an optical fiber with a Si02-Al203-Ge02-Er203-Tm203 core (SAGET) and is pumped at 945-99 5 nm to obtain emission from Er (~ 1.55 μπι), Tm (~ 1.85-1.96 μπι), or both Depends on the parameters of the mirror in the laser cavity, fiber length, pumping speed, and pumping wavelength. Two optical fibers have been proposed. The Er / Tm concentration in the first fiber was 6000/600 ppm. The concentration in the second fiber is 1200/6000 ppm. The number of pores (NAs) are ~ 0 · 27 and ~ 0 · 12, respectively. The second modal cut is ~ 1.4 for both. The first fiber exhibits laser (gain), but the second fiber does not.

Amplified automatic emission (ASE) light sources have been proposed, including Er and Tm, and show a significant increase in emission in the S-band compared to light sources containing only bait. The proposed fiber contains Si02-Al203-Ge02-Er203-Tm203 core (SAGET), and also contains two Er / Tm content. The Er / Tm concentration of the first fiber was 1200/6000 ppm. The second concentration is 300/600 ppm. The NAs of the fiber are 0.2 and 0.22, respectively. In the two cases, the forward ASE peak of ~ 90 nm can be found from 1460-1550 nm. The second fiber is about 5 dB higher than the first fiber. Finally, an L-band amplifier module has been proposed, which contains two different fiber types, one of which is only doped with bait and the other with only erbium. The two optical fibers are combined together. The erbium-doped fiber absorbs a portion of the light emitted by the bait-doped fiber and changes the gain slope. -11-200302365

In the past, for the continuous demand for multi-band services, a single amplifier was extremely needed, which is compatible with silicate transmission fibers, and has a significant gain between the wavelengths of 1570 and ~ 1630 nm (ie, the extended L-band). Operating to an extension of ~ 1630 nm, the L-band amplifier will have more than 50% more channels than a normal L-band amplifier. Therefore, there is a need for silicate-based fibers that can provide substantial emission in the extended L-band. There is also a need for economical, S-band amplifiers that are compatible with existing fiber optic networks. Desired fiber amplifiers will provide a longer lifetime and / or increased emission intensity over the desired optical band compared to existing amplifiers. The Er / Tm glass family ((SAGET and SPAGET) in the literature contains germanium. Germanium-containing glasses, especially those with Tm, are more likely to be darkened by blue or ultraviolet light (UV) than Ge-free glasses (W · S · Brocklesby et al. "Defects in Tm3 + Doped Silica Fibers", Optics Letters, 18 (24), 1993, 2105-2107). It is known that Tm-doped glass can emit blue light through an up-conversion process. Therefore, it is desired to prepare a germanium-free glass that exhibits an increased nominal emission in the extended L · band compared to a standard doped fiber.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to the manufacture of a germanium-free glass composition and a waveguide that can exhibit an elevated nominal emission in an extended chirped light τ compared to a standard Er-doped optical fiber. The method for manufacturing an optical fiber according to the invention includes the steps of: providing a substrate tube; depositing a high-purity exhaust a # inflammatory, and the king < coating layer on the inside of the tube; the deposition includes silicon oxide and Al, T a r

La'Er and Tm oxide glass without germanium core; make the base material camp @ π ^ # 月 月 羽 to form a preform; and extract the preform to obtain an optical fiber. -12 · 200302365 ⑺ In one specific example, the concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm, the concentration of A1 is 0.5 mol% to 15 mol%, and the concentration of La is 0.5 mol% to 2 mole%; and the concentration of Tm is 150 PPmS 10,000 PPm ° In yet another specific example, the Er concentration is from 150 ppm to 1 500 ppm; the A1 concentration is from 4 mole% to 10 mole%; And Ding 111 concentration from 150ppm to 3000ppm. In yet another specific example, the core may include F, and the concentration of F is less than or equal to 6 anionic mole%. In some specific examples, the core may include at least the first and second regions. The first region includes a second region that is substantially different from the second region. This area can be arranged in a ring. Cores can be made with multiple MCVD channels, multiple sol channels, and / or multiple soot deposition, solution doping, and strengthening channels. L-band amplifiers can be made under the present invention using optical fibers made by combining optical fibers and pump lasers. The germanium-free co-doped salt optical waveguide of the present invention comprises a core material, the core material including oxidized particles and oxides of lanthanum, surface, and chains, wherein the concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3 000 ppm; A1 is 0. .5 mole% to 15 mole%; La is less than 2 mole%, and Tm is from 150 ppm to 10000 ppm. In the specific examples listed, the concentration of A1 is 4 mol% to 10 mol. /. ; And the concentration of Tm is from 15 ppm to 3000 ppm. It should be understood that, Moll% means Moll 0 / 〇 based on the cation unless otherwise stated. nppm means parts per million based on cations unless otherwise stated. Rui can still contain F. In the specific examples listed, the concentration of ρ is less than or equal to 6 mol% 〇 -13-200302365 (8) 杳 明; Yueyue page The waveguide may be an optical fiber, a shaped optical fiber or other light-guiding structures. The amplifier of the present invention includes the optical fiber described above. Specific examples include cores that include at least two regions, where at least one region contains an Er to Tm ratio that is substantially different from at least one other region. This area may be arranged in a ring. Cores can be made by MCVD, sol and / soot deposition, solution doping and curing processes. Embodiments Figure 1 is a graph of the average service life of Er3 + 4I13 / 2 with different nominal automatic emission of six different SALET glasses at 1610 nm. The automatic emission intensity at 1600 nm is not less than -8.8 dB relative to the maximum emission intensity at ~ 1.53 μm, and the automatic emission intensity at 1650 nm is not less than -14.4 relative to the maximum emission intensity at ~ 1.53 μm dB. Figure 2 is a graph of the average lifespan of Er3 + 4In / 2 for different nominal automatic emission of the same six types of SALET glasses at 1630 nm. Figure 3 is a graph of the average service life of Ei * 3 + 4I13 / 2 with different nominal automatic emissions of the same six SALET glasses at 1650 nm. The number corresponds to the sample number in Example 1. The box is SALE glass, such as the 3M company from St. Paul, MN. Figures 1-3 show that compared to a standard SALE glass doped with bait, it is possible to obtain an increased nominal emission from SALET glass. The amount of ascension depends on the exact composition of the subject and the amount of it. The graph also shows the relationship between emission intensity and service life. The SALET composition with a relatively high Tm concentration will have a high nominal emission and a relatively average lifetime in the 1600-1650 nm. A SALET composition with a relatively low Tm concentration will have a lower nominal emission and a longer average service life than a SALET with a high Tm concentration. The lifetime in the listed SALET glass is almost the same as the refractive index -14- 200302365

And SAGET with the same Tm and Er amount. In many of the listed cases, it is suggested that La can be substituted for Ge 'with minimal impact on the service life. The nominal emission of SALET can be larger or smaller than the SAGET glass used for comparison, depending on the composition of the body and the Tm content. Replacing Ge with La (i.e., SALET vs. SAGET) is important to extend the life of the fiber. Ge is known to darken broken acid glass in the presence of blue or UV light, but La has nothing to do with it. The removal of G e is therefore important for Tm-containing devices with extended life or high power. The optical fiber made of SALET glass shows the above advantages. A specific example of the optical fiber of the present invention has an inner cladding, that is, boron-free and contains Si, 0, P, and F. Boron will increase the photosensitivity of G e towards the light defects that are often induced by short waves. The preform containing B in the inner cladding will diffuse due to high temperature, which will cause an optical fiber with partial boron in the core after extraction. It is known that Tm-doped silicate fibers emit short-wavelength light due to the up-conversion process. Therefore, boron will make Ge-Tm-containing fibers more sensitive to light defects and darkening caused by the converted short-wavelength fibers. The present invention reduces this effect by providing a boron-free fiber. According to yet another specific example, and the Tm concentration is independently changed in the core of the optical fiber or waveguide. This results in different concentrations or Er / Tm ratios in different points or regions of the core. Multiple discontinuous regions that have different Er and Tm amounts for Er and Tm amounts can be continuously changed. "Zone," means the point at which the volume of the material is large enough to define or determine the composition of the glass. Generally, this zone will be greater than about 100,000 nm3. This design provides longer excited state use Life. For example, it can reduce the close contact of Er & Tm, which can cause energy exchange between ions and short life. -15- 200302365

(ίο) ^ ^ θ 戍 光. The fiber has a rosette. According to a special specific example, the waveguide f Λ% of the present invention will not determine the undervalue of the y »gradient of Er and Tm. In V-pain & 'each show the same radiation distance. This can be achieved through the use of multi-core products with different Er / Tm ratios. According to yet another specific example, waveguides or fiber cores are separated into fields. E Γ and Tin-rich regions, such as radial or longitudinal segmentation. This < heart is achieved by the deposition of interactive annular regions that are relatively rich in Er and relatively rich in Tm. The above specific examples can be used in sol, MCVD or solution doping methods, or their structures.

Fluorine contained in the core of another optical fiber of the present invention, which can help to dissolve rare earth ions, is free of tritium and tritium, and therefore can reduce the terminating effect on hair, such as in tritium. The invention may be better understood according to the following examples. Example composition 1: The waveguide break% of the specific example is generally described as follows: SAREAREB1REB2, where

s (silicon oxide) is the content > 75 moles, ° < matrix breakage 0 A, alumina. Because a ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ is not desired and the present invention is limited, the concentration of the alumina coefficient extract and the rare earth ion will increase the so-called dissolving agent; usually ′ increases oxygen and decreases the average service life. In particular, ~ l-162nnn REA is an enhancer containing the same coefficient of non-emissive REa ionizing compound. Oxidation%: Does not emit rare earth oxides. The rare earth ions in the 3 ^ m λ buffer layer of the fence make it dilute and activated, and can be used to regulate the action of living and rare earth ions-ions. 16. 200302365 (π) REa cation if used as Ge Substitutes have another role in it, which can help produce materials with a lower tendency to form light defects. Feet £ 81 are rare earth oxides containing activated REB1 ions such as Er. This oxide is a coefficient booster. Activated RE B! Cations can be tied or co-puped separately. ‘

Er can be pumped at 800, 980, 1480 nm. REB2 is an earth oxide containing activated RE ions such as Tm. This oxide is a coefficient boost. ERB2 cations can be co-pumped or resonantly excited. Tm can be pumped at 800 or 1000-1200 nm. F (fluorine) has the same coefficient of compression; it dissolves rare earth ions. Luminescence data of the whole sample Luminance data was obtained using a fiber pump / collection scheme. Beads of the appropriate glass composition are placed electrostatically on the horizontally aligned fiber terminations. An X-y converter was used to operate the beads around the end of the fiber (or pump fiber) with a beta Kuriura wavelength. The position of the beads is optimal for maximum fluorescent emission, which is monitored by a spectrum analyzer (OSA). The setup and initial alignment operations were viewed under an optical microscope. Pump lasers (typically 98nm) are combined with pump fiber via a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM). The light emitted in 1450-1700 nm was collected with pump light ® fiber and monitored by OA. The nominal emission is measured as follows: The nominal value (dB) of the standard SALE fiber at a specific wavelength is subtracted from the nominal value (dB) of the experimental glass. SALE fiber is a standard doped amplifier fiber, such as 3M company purchased from St Paui, MN. The light source is pulsed to collect the emission attenuation curve at ~ 10 Hz, and the emission intensity of the monitor is reduced. The emission reduction curve is nominalized and uses standard softness -17- 200302365

Body, put on the double exponential formula. From the analysis of the attenuation curve, the lifetime (slow or fast) of the excited state electrons can be determined (slow or fast) and the relative percentage of each. In the double exponential analysis, three independent nesting parameters are used: the constant constant of slow Er radiation attenuation r .¾, the fast constant of Er radiation attenuation constant τ 'and the relative percentage of the two service life α ^ Ι / r average U / 1 * fast +) * 1 / ^ " Slowly use McCumber theory to predict the absorption spectrum from the emission spectrum. Giles parameters are then calculated using the absorption spectrum, which is used in the conventional model of optical amplifiers. The Giles parameter accurately calculates the composition of optical fiber manufacturing. The macro liquid stored in the oxidized crushed solution was tetraethoxy 1-based silane (223 ml, purchased from Aldrich Chemical Company of Milwaukee WI); absolute ethanol (223 ml, purchased from Aaper Alcohol of Shelbyville. K · Υ); deionized water (17.28 Ml); and 0.07N hydrochloric acid (0.71 ml) were combined in a 2 liter reaction flask. The resulting transparent solution was heated to 6 ° C and stirred for 90 minutes. The solution was cooled and transferred to a plastic bottle, and stored in a freezer at 0 ° C. The concentration of the resulting solution was 2.16 M (that is, moles / liter ) Si〇2. Example 1 ^ Four kinds of Er / Tm ratio masters for L-lights for elongation were prepared with three types of main bodies and four Er / Tm amounts. In order to prepare the glass beads, a 2.16M partially hydrolyzed silica storage solution, methanol containing aluminum hydroxide hydrate of 1.0M, methanol containing 0.5M lanthanum nitrate hydrate, and chloride containing 01M Methanol of hydrate and methanol containing 0.1M hydrazone nitrate hydrate are combined in a container. The reagents are mixed to obtain a solution 'which will produce a gel of the composition (mole%) shown in Table 1 below.- 18- 200302365

Table 1

Sampe Er / Tm Si02 aio15 La〇i 5 ErOL5 TmO 丨 .5 1 10/20 92.86 6.14 0.55 0.15 0.03 Ί 10/2 92.96 6.04 0.82 0.15 0.30 3 3/20 92.90 6.10 0.65 0.045 0.03 4 3/2 93.01 5.99 0.93 0.045 0.30 5 10/20 92.00 7.00 0.55 0.15 0.03 6 10/2 89.00 10.00 0.55 0.15 0.30

All compositions were batched so that the refractive index was ~ 1.4800. Because of the silicate coating in the optical fiber, a few voids ~ 0.25 were obtained. Compositions 1-6 were added to a mixture of methanol (250 ml) and a 29 wt% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (50 g). The resulting solution was shaken until gelled (about 10 seconds). The gel was separated by suction filtration. The gel was heated at 80 ° C overnight until the sample dried. The dried samples were ground and mashed in a ceramic mortar to reduce the size of the agglomerates to less than 150 microns. The ground sample was transferred to an alumina boat (Coors) and calcined in static air at 950 ° C for about 1 hour to make it dense and remove all organic matter. After grinding with a ceramic mashing rod in a ceramic mortar, the obtained sintered particles were gravity fed into a hydrogen / oxygen flame. The H2 / 02 ratio in the flame is 5: 2. The particles are sprayed with flames on the water-cooled alumina whose bottom is inclined with the collection tank. The glass beads and unmelted particles are collected in the tank. The fluorescence spectrum and lifetime data were obtained by using the general procedure described above, and are shown in Figures 1-3. In order to prepare SALET fiber, the hollow synthetic fused silica tube is cleaned by pickling, and any foreign matter is removed. Set up the tube for inner layer deposition -19-

200302365 (14) ,, Bu. By chemical vapor deposition (so-called MCVD), a bed of hydrogen / oxygen flame is passed through the tube, and SiCU, POC13, and SiF4 are caused to flow in the tube at the same time. Many layers of * purity silicon oxide are mainly deposited. The innermost layer contains a high concentration of fluorine (e.g. ~ 4 mole%). The core of the preform is formed by a solution doping method. A porous silicon oxide layer was deposited by MCVD, and then infiltrated with a solution containing A b La, E Γ and T m ions. After the cores are deposited, the tube is dried, cured and collapsed into the original preform.

Subsequent thermal processing is performed to adjust the core to cladding ratio to achieve the core diameter required for the final fiber. This subsequent processing may include multiple stretching and overcollapse steps. The preform is suspended in the extraction tower. The extraction tower contains a furnace for dissolving preforms, and many processing stations such as coating, hardening and annealing. FIG. 4 briefly illustrates the optical fiber 10 of the present invention. The optical fiber 10 includes a core 12, an inner cladding layer 14, and an outer cladding layer 16, each of which surrounds the other layers concentrically, respectively. The enumerated optical fiber of the present invention includes a core material including oxidized particles, steel, bait, and chain oxides, and a lower refractive index cladding material surrounding the core material. The fiber concentrations listed are:

• The concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; • The concentration of A1 is 0.5 mol% to 12 mol%, preferably 4 mol% to ιmole%; • The concentration of La is less than or equal to 2 mol Ear 0 / 〇; • Tm concentration is 150 ppm to 0 ppm; preferably 15 to 1000 ppm. 0 points β The waveguide (2) enumerated in the present invention may contain additional inactive dilute waves of the present invention Catheter provides enough superiority (1) to show enhanced extended L-light band emission, -20 · 200302365

(15) soil to regulate the effect of Er-Tm, and can be more effective and suitable for amplification, (3) no germanium, (4) may contain ions that suppress light darkening, (5) may contain fluorine, which can assist dissolution Rare earth ions in the matrix. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be used in a variety of applications of optical waveguides and optical components. Although the invention has been described with reference to the preferred specific examples, the invention is also suitable for other specific forms without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, it should be understood that the specific examples described and illustrated herein are for illustration only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Other changes and improvements can be made within the scope of the present invention. Simple illustration Figure 1 is a graph of the average service life of Er3 + 4I13 / 2 of six different SALET glasses at 1610 nm according to the present invention. Figure 2 is a graph of the average service life of Er3 + 4I13 / 2 for different nominal automatic emission of six different SALET glasses at 1630 nm according to the present invention. Figure 3 is a graph of the average service life of six different types of SALET glasses at 1650 nm versus Eγ3 + 4Ι13 / 2. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an enumerated optical fiber according to the present invention. Description of Symbols of the Drawings 10 Optical fiber 12 cores Heart core 14 Inner cladding layer 16 Outer cladding layer -21-

Claims (1)

200302365 Fan Guo, applying for a patent 1. A waveguide (10), comprising: a) a germanium-free core (12) material including silicon oxide and aluminum, lanthanum, bait, and thallium oxide, and a low refractive index surrounding the core material Coating material, wherein b) the concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; c) the concentration of A1 is 0.5 mol% to 15 mol%; d) the concentration of La is 0.5 mol% to 2 mol%: and e) The concentration of Tm is 150 ppm to 10000 ppm. 2. The waveguide according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein a) the concentration of Er is 150 ppm to 1500 ppm; b) the concentration of A1 is 4 mol% to 10 mol% •, and c) the concentration of Tm is 150 ppm to 3000 ppm. 3. As for the waveguide of the scope of patent application, the concentration of E1: is 150 ppm to 1 500 ppm. 4. As for the waveguide of the scope of patent application, the concentration of A1 is 2 mole% to 8 Mole%. 5. If the waveguide of the scope of the patent application, the Tm concentration is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm 0 6. If the waveguide of the scope of the patent application, the F is still included in the core. 7. The waveguide according to item 6 of the patent application range, wherein the concentration of F is less than or equal to 6 anionic mole%. 8. The waveguide of item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the waveguide is a silicate fiber for doping. 200302365 9. The waveguide of item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the waveguide is a shaped optical fiber. 10. An amplifier comprising a waveguide as in item 1 of the patent application. 11. For the waveguide of item 1 of the patent application scope, the core includes at least a first and a second area, wherein the first area contains a substantially different ratio from the second area to 111. 12. The waveguide of item η in the scope of patent application, wherein the area is arranged in a ring shape. 13. The waveguide of item 11 of the patent application, wherein the core is made of multiple MCVD channels. 14. If the wave guide of item 11 of the patent application scope, where the core is made of multiple sol channels β 15. If the wave guide of the item 11 of the patent scope application, the core is made of multiple soot deposition, solution doping and Made of curing channels. 16.-a silicate fiber (10), including: a) including silicon oxide and oxides of Al, Er, La and Tm (12); b) the concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; c) The concentration of A1 is 0.5 mole. / 0 to 15 mole%; d) the concentration of La is 0.5 mole% to 2 mole%; and e) the concentration of Tm is 150 ppm to 10000 ppm. 17. For example, the optical fiber of item 16 of the patent application scope, wherein a) the concentration of Er is 150 ppm to 1500 ppm; b) the concentration of A1 is 4 mol% to 10 mol% • and c) the concentration of Tm is 150 ppm to 3000 ppm. 18. For the optical fiber under the scope of patent application No. 16, in which the automatic optical fiber at 1600 nm is 200302365 The emission intensity is not less than -8.8 dB relative to the maximum emission intensity at ~ 1.53 μιη, and the automatic emission intensity at 1650 nm is not less than -14.4 dB relative to the maximum emission intensity at ~ 1.53 μιη. 19. For the optical fiber of claim 16 of the scope of patent application, the core still includes F, and the concentration of F is less than or equal to 6 anionic mole%. 20. An amplifier comprising an optical fiber as claimed in item 16 of the patent application. 21. For an optical fiber with a scope of 16 as claimed in the patent application, the core includes at least the first and second regions, and the first region contains an Er to Tm ratio that is substantially different from the second region. 22. For the optical fiber of the scope of application for item 21, the area is arranged in a ring shape. 23. —A method for manufacturing an optical fiber (10), the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a substrate tube (16), b) depositing at least one coating layer mainly composed of high-purity silicon oxide inside the tube ( 14); c) depositing a germanium-free core containing silicon oxide and oxides of La, Er, and Tm (12); d) collapsing the substrate tube to form a preform; and e) extracting the preform to obtain optical fiber. 24. The method according to item 23 of the patent application, wherein a) the concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; b) the concentration of A1 is 0.5 mol% to 15 mol%; c) the concentration of La is 0,5 Molar 0/0 to 2 Molar%; and d) the concentration of Tm is 150 ppm to 10000 ppm. 25. For the method of applying for item 23 of the patent scope, of which 200302365 a) The concentration of Er is 150 ppm to 1500 ppm; b) The concentration of A1 is 4 mol% to 10 mol%: and c) The concentration of Tm is 150 ppm to 3000 ppm. 26. If the method of applying for the scope of patent No. 23, its core still includes F. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the concentration of F is less than or equal to 6 anionic mole%. 28. If the method according to item 23 of the patent application is applied, the core includes at least the first and second regions, where the first region contains an Er to Tm ratio that is substantially different from the second region. 29. The method of claim 28 in which the area is arranged in a ring. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the core is made of multiple MCVD channels. 31. The method of claim 28, wherein the core is made of multiple sol channels. 32. The method of claim 28, wherein the core is made of multiple soot deposition, solution doping and curing channels. 33. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of depositing the glass Rhenium includes forming multiple MCVD channels. 34. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of depositing the glass includes the formation of multiple sol channels. 35. The method of claim 23, wherein the step of depositing the core glass includes forming multiple soot deposition, sol doping, and curing channels. 36. A method for manufacturing an extended L-band amplifier, comprising the steps of: a) providing a germanium-free fiber having silicon oxide and oxides of La, Er, and Tm; and b) making the fiber Coupling with pump laser.