TW200301220A - Improved emission silicate waveguide compositions for enhanced L-band and S-band emission and method for its manufacture - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for manufacturing an optical fiber, the method including the steps of providing a substrate tube; depositing a boron-free cladding layer; depositing a core comprising a glass including silica, and oxides of Al, Ge, Er, and Tm; collapsing the substrate tube to form a preform: and drawing the preform-to yield optical fiber. A co-doped silicate optical waveguide having a core including silica, aluminum, germanium, erbium and thulium. The composition concentrations are: Er from 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; Al from 0.5 mol% to 12 mol%; Tm from 15 ppm to 10000 ppm; and Ge from 1 mol% to 20 mol%. In a specific embodiment, the concentration of Er is from 150 ppm to 1500 ppm; Al is from 2 mol% to 8 mol%; and Tm is from 15 ppm to 3000 ppm.

Description

20030122 (⑴ Mei, description of the invention (the description of the invention should state: the technical field to which the invention belongs, the prior art, the content, the embodiments, and the simple description of the drawings). Lift the extended L-light band (1570-1630 nm) and S-light band (1450-1530 nm) of the waveguide with chemical composition.

High-speed optical communication via optical fiber networks can transmit extremely large amounts of data via optical signals. When these optical signals travel over long distances and are coupled, operated, or guided by optical devices, the intensity decreases. Signal attenuation can be caused by many factors, such as absorption and scattering by the transmission fiber itself, coupling loss, and bending loss. When the signal becomes weaker, it is more difficult to interpret and transmit the signal. Finally, the signal becomes too weak to lose data. Optical amplification is a technology that amplifies or enhances optical signals. Optical amplification is an important part of existing high-speed optical communications. Optical amplification is generally performed using a device (amplifier) containing a pump laser, a wavelength division multiplexer, an isolator, a gain-shaping grid, and an active rare-earth-doped fiber. Existing fiber optic networks-and optical amplifiers-operate at a general wavelength range of φ 1530-1570 nm, the so-called C-band. An optical band can be defined as a range of wavelengths, that is, an operating range in which an optical signal can be processed. A larger number of available light bands will generally translate into more useful communication channels. More channels can send more > data.

Hf each light band is the same as the name on the text. The names of the optical bands used in this application are: -6-(2) _ Optical band wavelength range C- ~ 1530 to ~ 1570 nm L- 1570 to ~ 1605 nm Extended L-band 1570 to ~ 1630 + nm S -Optical band 1450 to 1530 nm At present, 'high-speed network backbone optical fiber networks rely on optical amplifiers every about 40-100 kilometers to enhance the signal. The most advanced business systems rely on the Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexer (DWDM) to transmit ~ 80 channels of 10 Gbit / s in narrow wavelength optical bands (such as optical bands) Φ. — The channels are separated by ~ 〇 4 nm. These channels can be inserted forward or backward by 0.4 nm (0.4 nm between forward and backward frequencies) to provide a multi-megabit / second bidirectional transmission rate on a single fiber. Recently, due to the advent of L-band amplifiers, c- and l-band amplifiers can be used to extend the optical transmission operating range from 1530-1565 nm to 1530-1605 nm, which can provide up to 160 channels / fiber . There are also clear expectations for even wider light band operations to increase data output. Normal operation is limited by the maximum absorption of excited states in surface-doped fibers to 1605 nm. The operation in the optical fiber dominated by broken salt is theoretically limited to ~ 1650 nm 'because of high attenuation and because of the phonon absorption at wavelengths exceeding 1650 nm. At present, due to the huge bending losses, operations in fiber optic systems are practically limited to about 16 3 0 nm. Future systems will likely use wavelengths from 1450 to 1630 nm, which contain so-called S-light bands. The use of S-optical tapes has proven that their data carrying capacity is almost (3) twice as much as the existing two-stage C- + L-optical tape system. Experiments have shown that structures using C- + L- + S-bands can transmit up to about 10.5 Tb / s in the first optical fiber. The light in the 1450-163 0 nm region is large, and the rare-earth-doped fiber is amplified. The doped component is amplified. There are generally three methods: Raman amplifier amplification, and close, Raman and rare earth

Raman Fiber Optic Girl S

The Raman system relies on the combination of input photons, w •, and lattice vibration (photons) to convert the pumped light into a longer wavelength r inverse length (Stokes conversion). The zoomed-in spectrum will become wider ’but sometimes there are undesired arrays and steep patterns. This method is not effective, and it requires the power of Kuriura source. The high power disk Menlifeng series pumps contain fiber lasers or a series of laser diodes, and their cost is comparable. Question: The Xianwan method will be non-linear due to the accompanying strength. Because it requires the same input strength, this method may lead to other unnecessary non-cooling processes, such as 4-wave mixing and its phase decay. & Is a ‘Raman amplifier system combined with a rare-earth doped amplifier: to increase the span length’, especially 10Gbit / s and faster systems. H j # Fiber Amplifier The rare earth doped amplifier is excited by the rare earth ion in the pumping section of the Nine Nine Pumps, and then emitted when the excited turtle's j m port covers a lower energy state. Excited electrons can relax in two radiation paths, sequence I, automatic emission, and stimulate emission. The former can cause unnecessary noise, and the latter can provide amplification. The important parameters of the amplifier are its spectral width, noise, and power conversion efficiency. The latter two parameters are related to the excitation of rare earth ions. Each is ~ relevant. The service life is often caused by lower noise and higher pcbc- In Guangyou T, the width of the spectrum (determining how many channels can be enlarged in the C-light band at the same time) and the rare-earth-doped heart-breaking glass have been developed since 20030122 (

(4) Full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of the dynamic emission spectrum. Most commercial amplifiers are based on the core glass including this standard Q aluminum and lanthanum (SALE- (broken, aluminum, steel, bait)) or aluminum And germanium (SAGE) bait-doped silicon optical fiber, in these two traditional fiber types, SAGE can provide slightly more women. Width for additional channels. SALE fiber usually provides slightly higher solubility of rare earth ions and can be used for shorter fibers. This is advantageous, for example, in minimizing the dispersion of polarization modes. SALE and SAGE fibers generally provide amplification of C- or L-bands, but this will leave most of the unused silicon oxide transmission fibers in the low-second-consumption region, that is, the extended L-band region (> i6i. nm). s. In the optical band, rare-earth-doped fiber amplifiers-amplifiers generally rely on non-silicate glass (Tm) glass. The chain provides a relatively broad emission from the center to i47nm. The energy level of plutonium is such that the multiphonon process can easily terminate the transmission J, especially the plutonium energy subject, such as silica. For this reason, lower ear-energizing glasses such as heavy metal oxides (such as germanate, associate, and gallate), especially fluoride glasses such as "ZBLAN" are the preferred hosts for rhenium. These non-silicate glasses are not easily fibrillated and welded into existing transmission light beams, and commercial applications have so far been limited. ^ The rare earth-doped optical fiber in the stretched L-optical band is generally a heavy metal oxide. ^ Fluoride is the main component. Examples of heavy metal oxide glasses are glasses mainly made of thorium oxide and antimony lice. Neither type of glass is easily welded because of its% melting point and high refractive index. In S • and extended L-light bands, researchers have used optical fibers containing both 铒 and 铥 to conduct optical amplifier research. Unexamined Korean Patent Application No. 10 · 1998-00460125 mentions that there are patents that include Si02, p205, Magic203, Ge0-9-20030122 ((5), Er203, Tm203 (SPAGET) Core fiber. The range of Er and Tm ions is 100-3000 ppm, and the core may contain Yb, Ho, Pr, and Tb as appropriate except Er and Tm. This reference also mentions packages containing SiO2, F, P205, and BAs. Cladding. Published literature (R · L Shubochkin et al., "Er3'Tm3 + co-doped silica fiber laser n, OSA TOPS Book 26, Advanced Solid State Lasers; M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan , ^ Ursula Keller, Eds; 1999 Optical Society of America, pp 167-171) discusses Er-Tm co-doped oxidized shredded fiber lasers. The laser contains a core with Si02-Al203-Ge02-Er203-Tm203 (SAGET) Fiber, and pumped at 945-995 nm to get the emission of Er (~ 1.55 μπι), Tm (~ 1.85-1 · 96 μρηι), or both, depending on the parameters of the laser cavity mirror, fiber length, pump The speed and pump wavelength depend on it. Two fibers have been proposed. The Er / Tm concentration in the first fiber is 6000/600 ppm. The concentration in the second fiber is 1200/6000 ppm. Pore (NAs) points > J are ~ 0.27 and ~ 0.12. The cutoff of the second mode is both about 1.4 microns. The first fiber exhibits laser (gain), but the second one No. Another document (H. Jeong M'Er3 + / Tm3 + male doped silicon oxide optical fiber amplified automatic light source characteristics n CLEO 2000, CThV3 · pages 544-545) proposed to contain Er and Tm, and compared In the light source containing only plutonium, a magnified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source showing significant emission enhancement in the S-light zone. The proposed fiber contains Si〇2-Al203-Ge02-Er203-Tm203 core (SAGET), and contains two Er / Tm. The Er / Tm concentration of the first fiber is 1200/6000 ppm. The concentration of the second fiber is 300/600 ppm. The NAs of the fiber are 0.2 and 0.22. In the second case, the FWHM direction of ~ 90 nm was found. The front ASE peak is about 1460 to 1550 nm. The ASE of this second fiber is about 5 dB higher than the first. -10- 20030122 (⑹ However, the above references do not disclose the required element content and ratio, and do not indicate the difference The role of the element in glass has not even proposed the measurement of service life data. Furthermore, the disclosed clad material contains rot, which will accelerate the formation of light defects in the germanium-containing glass. Tritium-containing silicate glass will dim the light. Adding germanium to germanium-containing silicate fibers will further dim the light. The boron present in the cladding layer diffuses into the core during the thermal processing required to extract the optical fiber, and combines with the plutonium, thereby darkening and improving the light in the core containing Tm / Ge. According to this, in the past, the continuous demand for multi-band services required a single amplifier, which was compatible with silicate transmission fibers, and had obvious wavelengths between 1570 and ~ 1630 nm (that is, the extended L-band). Gain. The extended L-band amplifier operating to ~ 1630 nm will exceed 50% of the channels compared to a normal L-band amplifier. Therefore, there is a need for silicate-based fibers that can provide substantial emission in the extended L-band. There is also a need for economical, S-band amplifiers that are compatible with existing fiber optic networks. The desired fiber amplifier will provide a longer useful life and / or increased emission intensity in the desired optical band compared to existing amplifiers. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention is directed to a method for manufacturing an improved SAGET optical waveguide and waveguide material. In particular, the present invention provides an improved emission performance over existing fiber optic SAGET compositions. The method for manufacturing the optical fiber of the present invention includes the steps of: providing a substrate tube; depositing a boron-free cladding layer; depositing a core including glass containing silicon oxide and Al, Ge, Er, and Tm oxide; collapsing the substrate tube to form A preform; and extracting the preform to obtain an optical fiber. -11-

20030122 (⑺ In one specific example, the concentration is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm, the concentration of A1 is 0.5 mol% to 12 mol%; the concentration of Tm is 15 ppm to 10,000 ppm; and the concentration of Ge is low 20 mol% or more. According to another specific example, the concentration of Er is 150 ppm to 1500 ppm; the concentration of A1 is 2 mol% to 8 mol%; the concentration of Ge is 1 mol% to 20 mol. %; And the concentration of Tm is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm. The core may still contain F. The listed concentration is lower than or equal to 6 anion mole%. The core may include at least the first and second regions, wherein the first region contains The ratio of Er to Tm which is substantially different from the second zone. This zone may be arranged in a ring. The step of core deposition can be achieved by multiple MCVD channels, multiple sol channels and / or multiple soot deposition, solution doping and strengthening channels. L -The optical band amplifier can be manufactured under the present invention by using an optical fiber manufactured by combining an optical fiber and a pump laser. The co-doped silicate optical waveguide of the present invention includes a core material, which includes oxidized crystals, crystals, and lanthanum. , Osmium, and osmium oxide. The concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; A1 is 0.5 mol% to 12 mol. %, Tm is 15 ppm to 10000 ppm ', and Ge is 1 mole% to 20 mole%. More specifically, in the example, the concentration of εγ is 150 ρρπ ^ 1500 ppm; the concentration of Ai is 2 mol … To 8 moles 0 / 〇, and the Tm concentration is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm. It is necessary to understand "mole%," which refers to mole% based on cations, unless otherwise stated. "Ppm" is Refers to parts per million based on cations, unless otherwise specified. Cores can also contain F. In the specific examples listed, the concentration of f is less than or equal to 6 anions Mohr ° / 〇. The waveguide can be an optical fiber, Shaped optical fiber, laser rod or other waveguide structure. -12-

An amplifier can be assembled using this waveguide. In another specific example, the core includes at least a first and a second region, wherein the first-region contains an & Tm ratio that is substantially different from the second region. The area may be arranged in a ring. Cores can be made by MCVD, sol or soot deposition, solution doping and curing processes. Embodiment Figure 1 is a graph of the average service life of Er3 + 4In / 2 for four different SAGET glasses at different nominal automatic emission at 1610 nm. For a specific example, the automatic emission intensity at 1600 rim is not less than -8.8 dB at the maximum emission intensity at ~ 丨 53 μιη, and the automatic emission intensity at 1650 nm is relative to ~ 1.53 μηι The maximum emission intensity is not less than 4 dB. Figure 2 is a graph of the average lifespan of Er3 —, 3/2 for four different types of SAGET glasses at 1630 nm. Figure 3 is a graph of the average service life of Er3 + 4Ii3 / 2 for different nominal automatic emission of six types of SAGET glasses at 1650 nm. The number corresponds to the sample number in Example 1. The box is SALE glass, such as 3M from St. Paul, MN. Figure 1-3 shows that compared to the standard doped SALE glass, it is possible to obtain an increased nominal emission from SAGET glass. The magnitude of the lift depends on the exact composition of the subject, the amount of tritium, and the Er / Tm ratio. Figure 1-3 also shows the correlation between nominal emission and service life. Compared with the phenomenon of SALET and SALGET glass in the 1600-1620 nm region, a SAGET composition with a relatively low Tm concentration will have better extended L-light band performance than a SALET composition with a relatively high Tm concentration (higher nominal Emission and longer average service life). In the 1620-1650 nm region, the SAGET composition -13- 20030122 (

Similar to SALET and SALGET compositions, where: for relatively low concentrations of Tm, it will have a lower nominal emission and longer average life than those with high concentrations of Tm. Therefore, SAGET glass is the most noticeable for the relatively low Tm concentration in the 1600-1620 nm spectral region. In one specific example, a relatively low Tm concentration (< 1500 ppm) is preferable for the optical amplifier fiber. The specific examples of the present invention include a fluorine-containing optical fiber, which can help dissolve rare earth ions such as bait and plutonium, and thus can reduce the Er-Er termination effect on initiation. FIG. 4 briefly illustrates the optical fiber 10 of the present invention. The optical fiber 10 includes a core 12, an inner cladding layer 14, and an outer cladding layer 16, each of which surrounds the other concentric cores. The core 12 includes silicon oxide and oxides of Al, Ge, Er, and Tm. In the specific examples listed, the concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm, the concentration of A1 is 0.5 mol% to 12 mol%, the concentration of Tm is 15 ppm to 10000 ppm, and the concentration of Ge is 1 mol% to 20 mol%. The optical fiber 10 further includes an inner cladding layer 14 surrounded by 12 'which is boron-free and contains Si, 0, P, and F. Sheds will increase the photosensitivity of Ge toward short-wave-induced light defects. The preforms containing B in the inner cladding layer will diffuse due to high temperature, which will cause some fibers with boron in the core after extraction. It is known that Tm-doped silicate fibers emit short-wavelength light due to the up-conversion process. Therefore, boron will make the Ge-Tm-containing fiber more sensitive to light defects and darkening caused by the converted short-wavelength fiber. The present invention reduces this effect by providing a boron-free fiber. In another specific example, the concentration of Er is 150 ppm to 1500 ppm; the concentration of A1 is 2 mol to 8 mol%, and the concentration of Tm is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm. The core may also include a specific example, in which the concentration of ρ is low -14-2 GQ30122 (

(ίο) At or equal to 6 anionic mole%. According to yet another specific example, and the Tm concentration is independently changed in the core of the optical fiber or waveguide. This results in different concentrations or Er / Tm ratios in different points or regions of the core. Its multiple discontinuous regions with different Er and Tm amounts as well as Tm amounts can be continuously changed. ‘‘ Zone, ’means the point at which the volume of the material is large enough to define or determine the composition of the glass. Typically, this region will be larger than about 10,000 nm3 'but may be larger, such as a ring-shaped shell with a significant portion of the fiber core. This design provides a longer excited state lifetime. For example, it can reduce the close contact of Er and Tm, which can cause energy exchange between ions and short lifetime. φ According to another specific example, the waveguide or optical fiber of the present invention has radial gradients of Er and Tm concentrations, where the maximum of individual concentrations does not occur at the same radiation distance. This can be achieved by using a multi-core deposition layer. Each layer has a different Er / TnUl :.

According to yet another specific example, the waveguide or fiber core is divided into regions rich in Γ and Tm, such as radial or longitudinal segmentation. This can be achieved by depositing three coat-like regions of relatively rich Er and relatively rich Tm, respectively. JL · Wave glass is generally summarized as follows: Example composition 1: SAGREb 丨 REB2 ' Matrix glass. A, alumina phase S (silicon oxide) content is about> 75 Wu, ^ also > dissolving sword of heterozygous; usually 'increasing the oxidation letter shape with the same coefficient lifter and rare earth ion, radiation intensity, especially ~ 1600 -1620 nm, the concentration of aluminum will increase the nominal emission and reduce the average service life of 4 ^ -15- (ii) 20030122 (G (oxidation error) I believe the same coefficient enhancer Moore%).

For example, Ge (0-15 and network formation sword REBi is an activated rare earth ^ V lice compound containing activated RE ions such as & The oxide is a coefficient booster. Activated RE cations ,, $ _ pump or co-pu ( Er can be pumped at 800, 980, 1480 nm). REB2 is an activated ^ (Re) oxide containing activated rare earth ion REb > Tm. This oxide is a coefficient increaser. Activated REb2 Yangli J Gonglupu Or resonance excitation (Tm can be pumped at 800 or 1000-1200 nm). F (fluorine) has the same coefficient compression agent; dissolves rare earth ions. The optical altar emission data of the whole sample is using fiber pump / Obtained from the collection scheme. The beads of the glass composition are placed on the horizontally arranged optical fiber terminals by electrostatic force. Use a χ-y converter to make the beads cut off at the end of the optical fiber with the pump wavelength (or Jupu fiber). ) Around the operation. The position of the bead is the best for maximum light emission, which is monitored by a spectrum analyzer (0SA). The device and the initial alignment operation are viewed under an optical microscope. Pump laser (general (98nm) through the wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) and pump light Combined. The light emitted in 1450-1700 nm is collected by Xupu fiber and monitored by OSA. The nominal emission is measured as follows: The nominal value (dB) of the glass used in the experiment is subtracted from the standard SALE fiber at a specific wavelength SALE fiber is a standard doped slant amplifier fiber, such as the 3M company from Paui MN. The light source is pulsed to collect the emission attenuation curve at ~ 10 Hz, and the attenuation of the emission intensity is monitored. The emission attenuation curve is nominalized and uses standard soft-16-20030122 ((12)

Body, put on the double exponential formula. From the analysis of the attenuation curve, the lifetime (slow or fast) of the excited state electrons can be determined (slow or fast) and the relative percentage of each. In the two-finger analysis, three independent nesting parameters are used: the constant constant r diffuse for slow Er radiation attenuation, the fast constant Er radiation attenuation constant r, and the relative percentage α of the service life. 1 / r average = (2 Xl / r fast +) × 1 / ζ * 馒 Use McCumber theory to predict the absorption spectrum from the emission spectrum. Then make

Giles parameters are calculated using absorption spectra, which are used in conventional models of optical amplifiers. The Giles parameter accurately calculates the composition of optical fiber manufacturing. Ru Jie for the storage of siliconized gas. Burning of tetraethoxylite (223 ¾ liters from Aldrich Chemical Company of Milwaukee WI); absolute ethanol (223 ml, purchased from Aaper of Shelbyville. KY)

Alcohol); deionized water (17.28 ml); and 0.07 N hydrochloric acid (0.71 ml) were combined in a 2 liter reaction flask. The resulting clear solution was heated to t and allowed to stir for 90 minutes. Allow the solution to cool and transfer to a plastic bottle, and store in a freezer. The concentration of the resulting solution was 2.16 M (i.e., mole / liter) si02. Example 丄 · There are four types of Er / Tn ^ for the phoenix hair band. Fortunately, 铒-主体 co-doped silicate glass beads were prepared from three types of bodies and four types of Er / Tm. In order to prepare the broken glass beads, a 2.16M partially hydrolyzed silica storage solution, methanol containing 1.0 M aluminum chloride hydrate, tetraethoxygermanium (pure), and 0.1 M thorium chloride hydrate Methanol and methanol containing 0.1 M osmium nitrate hydrate were combined in a container. The reagents were mixed to obtain a solution which produced a gel of the composition (mol%) shown in Table 1 below. -17- 20030122 ((13) Table 1

Sampe Er / Tm Si02 A1015 Ge02 Er〇i.5 Tm015 1 10/20 91.46 3.52 4.56 0.152 0.30 2 10/2 90.48 3.52 5.83 .0.152 0.03 3 3/20 91.08 3.52 5.05 0.0457 0.3 4 3/2 90.07 3.52 633 0.0457 0.03

All compositions were batched so that the refractive index was ~ 1.4800. Because of the silicate coating in the optical fiber, a few voids ~ 0.25 were obtained. Compositions 1-4 were added to a mixture of methanol (250 ml) and a 29 wt% aqueous ammonium hydroxide solution (50 g). The resulting solution was shaken until gelled (about 10 seconds). The gel was separated by suction filtration. The gel was heated at 80 ° C overnight until the sample dried. The dried samples were ground and mashed in a ceramic mortar to reduce the size of the aggregates to less than 150 microns. The ground sample was transferred to an alumina boat (Coors) and calcined in static air at 950 ° C for about 1 hour to make it dense and remove all organic matter.

After grinding with a ceramic mashing rod in a ceramic mortar, the obtained sintered particles were gravity fed into a hydrogen / oxygen flame. The H2 / 〇2 ratio in the flame is 5: 2. The particles are sprayed with flames on the water-cooled alumina whose bottom is inclined with the collection tank. The glass beads and unmelted particles are collected in the tank. The fluorescence spectrum and lifetime data were obtained by using the general procedure described above, and are shown in Figures 1-3. In the specific examples listed, the automatic emission intensity at 1600 nm is not less than -8.8dB relative to the maximum emission intensity at ~ 1.53 μm, and the automatic emission intensity at 1650 nm is relative to that at ~ 1.53 μm The maximum emission intensity is not less than -14.4 dB. -18- 22 ((14) \ mmm

In order to prepare the SAGET optical fiber of the present invention, the hollow synthetic fused silica tube is cleaned by pickling, and any foreign matter is removed. The tube was erected on the bed for the inner layer> child product. By chemical vapor deposition (so-called MCVD), a hydrogen / oxygen fire tower is passed through the tube, while SiCU, POCl3, and SiF4 are caused to flow in the tube, and many layers mainly composed of high-purity silicon oxide are deposited. The innermost layer contains a high concentration of fluorine (e.g. ~ 4 mole%). The core of the preform is formed by a solution doping method. A porous silicon oxide layer was deposited by MCVD and then infiltrated with a solution containing Al, Er and Tm ions. After the cores are deposited, the tube is dried, cured and collapsed into the original preform. Subsequent thermal processing is performed to adjust the core to cladding ratio to achieve the core diameter required for the final fiber. This subsequent processing may include multiple stretching and overcollapse steps. The completed preform is then drawn out to form an optical fiber. The preform is suspended in the extraction tower. The extraction tower contains a furnace for dissolving preforms, and many processing stations for coating, hardening and annealing. The co-doped silicate optical waveguide of the present invention includes a core material including silicon oxide, and oxides of aluminum, germanium, thallium, and thallium, and a lower refractive index cladding material surrounding the core material. The concentration of core material is as follows: • The concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm, preferably 150 pprn to 1500 ppm; • The concentration of A 1 is 0.5 mol% to 12 mol%, preferably 2 mol. % To 8 mole%; • Tm concentration is 15 ppm to 10000 ppm; preferably 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; and • Ge concentration is 1 mole% to 20 mole%. -19- 20030122 (__ ⑼ The present invention provides significant advantages. The SAGET composition described herein presents an enhanced L-band emission over the previously disclosed Er / Tm fiber '. The SAGET composition at 1600+ The nm region exhibits a good combination of nominal emission, and has a reasonable Er lifetime, especially the composition containing relatively low concentrations of Er and T m. The optical fiber disclosed herein is boron-free. The core of the optical fiber may contain significant Amount of fluorine, which can help dissolve rare earth ions. The core of the optical fiber may contain regions of unequal Er / Tm ratio, which can optimize the effect of Er_Trn, and provide the required light emission and service life response. It should be understood that the present invention can be applied to various applications of optical waveguides and optical components. Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred specific examples, the present invention is also suitable for other specific forms without departing from the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that the specific examples described and illustrated herein are only examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Other changes and improvements are made in accordance with the scope of the present invention. A graph of the average service life of different SAGET glasses at 1610 nm versus Er3 + 4In / 2. ^ The average automatic emission of four different SAGET glasses at 1630 nm versus Er3-4. 3/2 average Figure of service life. Figure 3 is a graph of the average service life of four different SAGET glasses at different nominal self-emission at 165 °. Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the optical fiber enumerated in the present invention. 20030122 ((16) 12 Core 14 Inner coating layer 16 Outer coating layer -21-

Claims (1)

^ 30122 (Scope of application and patent application κ A silicate optical waveguide (10), which includes: a) Including silicon oxide and oxides of Al, Ge, Er, and Tm (12); 0 where the concentration of Er 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; # η) A1 concentration is 0.5 mol% to 12 mol 0 / 〇; iii) Tm concentration is 15 ppm to loooo ppm; and iv) Ge concentration is 1 mol % To 20 mole%; and b) a boron-free coating (14) tightly surrounding the core. ^ 2 The waveguide according to item 1 of the patent application range, wherein a) the concentration of Er is 150 ppm to 1500 ppm; b) the concentration of A1 is 2 mol% to 8 mol%; c) the concentration of Tm is 15 ppm To 3000 ppm. 3. The waveguide according to item 1 of the patent application range, wherein the Er concentration is 150 ppm to 1 500 ppm. 4. The waveguide according to item 1 of the scope of patent application, wherein the concentration of Al is 2 mol% to 8 mol%. 5. The waveguide of item 1 of the patent application, wherein the concentration of Tm is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm. 〇6. The waveguide of item 1 of the patent application, whose core still includes F. 7 • The waveguide of item 6 of the patent application, wherein the concentration of F is lower than or equal to 6 anionic mole%. 8. The waveguide of item 1 of the patent application scope, wherein the waveguide is an optical fiber. 9 · An amplifier including a waveguide as described in the patent application No. 1 item. 20030122 ( 10. If the waveguide of the scope of the patent application is No. 1, the core includes at least the first and second regions, where the first region contains an Er to Tm ratio that is substantially different from the second region. 11. The waveguide of the scope of application for item 10, wherein the area is arranged in a ring shape. 12. The waveguide according to item 10 of the patent application, wherein the core is made of multiple MCVD channels. 13. For example, the waveguide of the scope of patent application No. 10, wherein the core is made of multiple sol channels. 14. The waveguide of claim 10, wherein the core is made of multiple soot deposition, solution doping and curing channels. 15 / kinds of silicate optical fibers (10), including: a) including silicon oxide and oxides of Al, Ge, Er, and Tm (12); i) where the concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; ii) The concentration of A1 is 0.5 mol% to 12 mol 0 / 〇; iii) the concentration of Tm is 15 ppm to 10000 ppm; and iv) the concentration of Ge is 1 mol% to 20 mol%; and b) Among them, the automatic emission intensity at 1600 nm is not less than -8.8 dB relative to the maximum emission intensity at ~ 153 μιη, and the automatic emission intensity at 1650 nm is relative to the maximum emission intensity at ~ 丨 53 μιη Not less than -14.4 dB. 16. For example, the optical fiber of item 15 of the patent scope, wherein a) the concentration of Er is 150 ppm to 1500 ppm; b) the concentration of A 丨 is 2 mol% to 8 mol%; and c) the concentration of Tm is 15 ρριη to 3000 ppm. 17. If the optical fiber under the scope of patent application No.15, the core still includes F, and F 22 ( The concentration is lower than or equal to 6 anionic mole%. 18. An amplifier including an optical fiber such as the item 15 in the patent application. 19. If the fiber of the scope of the patent application is No. 15, the core includes at least the first and second regions, and the first region contains an Er to Tm ratio that is substantially different from the second region. 20. The optical fiber according to item 19 of the application, wherein the area is arranged in a ring shape. 21 · —A method for manufacturing optical fiber (10), the method includes the steps of: a) providing a substrate tube (16), b) depositing a boron-free cladding layer (14); c) depositing including silicon oxide and Al (12) of the oxides of Ge, Er, and Tm; d) collapse the base tube to form a preform; and e) extract the preform to obtain an optical fiber. 22. The method according to item 21 of the patent application range, wherein a) the concentration of Er is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm; b) the concentration of A1 is 0.5 mol% to 12 mol%; c) the concentration of Tm is 15 ppm to 10,000 ppm; and d) the concentration of Ge is less than or equal to 20 mole%. 23. The method according to item 21 of the patent application range, wherein a) the concentration of Er is 150 ppm to 1500 ppm; b) the concentration of A1 is 2 mol% to 8 mol%; c) the concentration of Ge is 1 mol % To 20 mole%; and d) the concentration of Tm is 15 ppm to 3000 ppm. 24. If the method of applying for item 21 of the patent scope, its core still includes F. 20030122 (25. If the method of the scope of patent application is applied for, the concentration of F is lower than or equal to 6 anionic mole%. 26. If the method of the scope of patent application is applied for, the core includes at least the first and second regions , Where the first zone contains a substantial difference from the second zone, and the E ·· Tm ratio. 27. For the method of applying for the scope of the patent No. 26, the zone is arranged in a ring. 28. For the scope of the patenting scope No. 26 Method, wherein the core is made of multiple MCVD channels. 29. The method according to item 26 of the patent application, wherein the core is made of multiple sol channels. 30. The method according to item 26 of the patent application, of which The core system is made of multiple soot deposition, solution doping and curing channels. 31. The method of claim 21 in the scope of patent application, wherein the step of depositing the core glass includes forming multiple MCVD channels. The method, wherein the step of depositing the glass includes the step of forming multiple sol channels. 33. The method of claim 21 in the scope of the patent application, wherein the step of depositing the glass includes forming multiple soot deposits and sols. 34. —A method for manufacturing an extended L-band amplifier, comprising the steps of: a) providing an optical fiber having oxide cores and oxides of Al, Ge, Er, and Tm oxides; and b) The fiber is coupled to the pump laser.