TR2023002510U5

TR2023002510U5 - EPILEPSY TREATMENT CAP

Info

Publication number: TR2023002510U5
Application number: TR2023/002510
Authority: TR
Inventors: Akcay Guven; La Celi̇k Ca; Ocsoy İsmai̇l
Original assignee: Hi̇ti̇t Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Rektörlüğü
Filing date: 2023-03-07
Publication date: 2024-01-22

Abstract

Buluş, epilepsi şikâyeti olan hastaların bir şapka içerisine yerleştirilen elektrotlar yardımıyla nöbet geçirdiğinin tespit edilerek, epileptik deşarj esnasında beyinde üretilen elektriksel aktiviteyi transkraniyel doğru akıma çevirerek epileptik atak esnasında kendi elektriksel aktivitesinin tedavide kullanılmasını sağlayan bir epilepsi tedavi şapkası ile ilgilidir.The invention is related to an epilepsy treatment cap that detects when patients suffering from epilepsy are having a seizure with the help of electrodes placed in a cap, and converts the electrical activity produced in the brain during the epileptic discharge into transcranial direct current, allowing its own electrical activity to be used in the treatment during the epileptic attack.

Description

TARIFNAME EPILEPSI TEDAVI SAPKASI TEKNIK ALAN Bulus, epilepsi sikâyeti olan hastalarin bir sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar yardimiyla nöbet geçirdiginin tespit edilerek, epileptik desarj esnasinda beyinde üretilen elektriksel aktiviteyi transkraniyel dogru akima çevirerek epileptik atak esnasinda kendi elektriksel aktivitesinin tedavide kullanilmasini saglayan bir epilepsi tedavi sapkasi ile ilgilidir. ÖNCEKI TEKNIK Transkraniyal dogru akim stimulasyon (tDAS) uygulamalari epilepsi, travmatik spinal kord hasari, fibromiyalji, santral agri, migren gibi hastaliklarin tedavisinde, psikiyatrik hastaliklar, nörolojik hastaliklar ve inme rehabilitasyonu arastirmalarinda; saglikli kisilerde ise ögrenme, bellek, karar verme gibi kognitif fonksiyonlarin etkisinin arastirildigi çalismalarda siklikla kullanilmaktadir. tDAS, serebral kortekse kafatasindan yüzeysel olarak sabit ve düsük siddette akim verilerek uygulanmakta ve kafatasina yerlestirilen aktif elektrottan verilen dogru akim beyin dokusunu geçerek referans elektroda ulasmaktadir. tDAS ile yapilan çalismalarda, tDAS tedavisi sonrasinda bazi kisilerde uygulanan bölgede hafif kasinti, geçici bas agrisi, halsizlik, bulanti görülmüs ve bunlarin disinda önemli bir yan etki gözlenmemis, güvenilirlik çalismalarinda da nöronal hasar bildirilmemistir. Son zamanlarda yapilan çalismalarda, tDAS'in nöronlarda aksiyon potansiyeli olusturmadan membran potansiyelini degistirerek hücre uyarilabilirligine ve epileptik desarjlara yol açmadan etki ettigi gösterilmistir. Beyinde olusan degisikligin derecesini, uygulanan dogru akimin süresi, polaritesi ve akimin yönü belirlemektedir. Beyin dokusundan geçen akim kortikal bölgede artan veya azalan uyarilabilir etkiler olusturmaktadir. Uyarilabilirligi akimin siddeti ile anodal uyarim veya katodal uyarima sahip olan polarite belirlemektedir. Anodal tDAS uygulamasinin nöronlarda Na+-Ca+2 bagimli kanallarin aktivasyonu ile nöron membranlarinda depolarizasyon olusturdugu ve kortikal nöronlarin uyarilabilirligi arttirirken, katodal tDAS ise nöron membranlarinda hiperpolarizasyon olusturdugu ve kortikal nöronlarin uyarilabilirligini azalttigi bilinmektedir. Hagedorn ve ark. (US838031682) "Transcranial stimulation device and method based on electrophysiological testing" baslikli patentlerinde EEG sapkasinin içerisine entegre ettigi tDAS ile beyin fonksiyonlarini/aktivitelerini degistirmek için kullanmislardir. Bu ürün ile tDAS uyariminin isitsel, görsel vs. gibi beyin aktivitelerindeki degisimleri incelemislerdir. By Transcranial Magnetic Stmulation Enhanced By Transcranial Direct Current Stmulation" baslikli patentte manyetik alan ve transkraniyel dogru akim uyarimlari ile epilepsiyi susturmayi/baskilamayi amaçlamislardir. Bu iki yöntem de literatürde ayri ayri kullanilmakta olup, bu patentte kombine tedavisi amaçlanan tasarim yapilmistir. kulak çinlamasini tedavi eden ürün yapilmistir. Current Stmulation And Electroencephalography Device" baslikli buluslarinda EEG elektrotlari araciligi ile beyinden elektrik aktivitetelerini amplifikatör ile yükselterek bilgisayarda analiz edilerek tDAS uyarimi hastaya gönderilmektedir. Patent basvurumuza konu sistemde de Boyden ve ark. bulusuna benzer olarak epilepsi esnasinda beyinde üretilen aktiviteden faydalanilmaktadir. Fakat mevcut bulusumuzda sabit bir bilgisayar ve arayüzlere ihtiyaç yoktur. Sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar ile nöbet esnasinda olusan elektriksel aktiviteler toplanmakta ve dogru akima çevrilerek beyne uyarimin yapilmasi hedeflenmektedir. Bu bulus ile kisi bilgisayar gibi herhangi bir cihaza bagli olmamakta, ürün sapka içerisinde tasinabilmekte ve nöbet ile ilgili bilgiler hem hasta yakinina hem de saglik kurulusuna gönderilmektedir. Associated Methods" baslikli patentin amaci klinikte de su an kullanilan vagus sinir uyarimi teknigi ile iliskilidir. Özellikle depresyon tedavisinde kullanilan bu yöntemde elektrik uyarisi ile sinir uyarimi yapilmaktadir. Patente basvurumuzda ise bir sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar ile epilepsi nöbeti esnasinda beyinde olusan elektriksel uyarilari diger elektrotlar ile beyne gönderilerek nöbetin baskilanmasi amaçlanmistir. Ayrica sapkanin cep telefonuna entegrasyonu ile hastanin nöbet geçirdigi bilgisi hem hasta yakinina hem de saglik kurulusuna iletilmektedir. Nerve (10th Cranial Nerve) Using Modulated Electrical Pulses With An lnductively Coupled Stimulation System" baslikli patentte de bir önceki patent de oldugu gibi elektrik uyarisi ile vagus sinirini uyarmaktadir. Basvurumuzda ise bir sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar ile epilepsi nöbeti esnasinda beyinde olusan elektriksel uyarilari diger elektrotlar ile beyne gönderilerek nöbetin baskilanmasi amaçlanmaktadir. Ayrica sapkanin cep telefonuna entegrasyonu ile hastanin nöbet geçirdigi bilgisi hem hasta yakinina hem de saglik kurulusuna iletilmektedir. sayesinde hastanin epileptik atak geçirdigi bilgisi system tarafindan algilanmakta ve akut olarak anti-epileptik ilaç verilerek nöbet kontrol edilmektedir. Basvurumuz ise bir sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar ile epilepsi nöbeti esnasinda beyinde olusan elektriksel uyarilari diger elektrotlar ile beyne gönderilerek nöbetin baskilanmasi amaçlanmaktadir. Ayrica sapkanin cep telefonuna entegrasyonu ile hastanin nöbet geçirdigi bilgisi hem hasta yakinina hem de saglik kurulusuna iletilmektedir. alanini uyarirken tDCS/tDAS uyariminin kafaya sabitlenmesi için bir aparat ile ilgilidir. Basvurumuz ise bir sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar ile epilepsi nöbeti esnasinda beyinde olusan elektriksel uyarilari diger elektrotlar ile beyne gönderilerek nöbetin baskilanmasina yöneliktir. Ayrica sapkanin cep telefonuna entegrasyonu ile hastanin nöbet geçirdigi bilgisi hem hasta yakinina hem de saglik kurulusuna iletilmektedir. CN103300851 numarali ve "Cap With Brain Wave And Physical Sign Collection Functions" baslikli patent basvurusunda sapkaya elektrotlar yerlestirilmekte ve beyindeki spontan elektrik aktivitesi, oksijen düzeyi, vücut isisi gibi fizyolojik parametreler kayit edilmektedir. Beyin farkli fizyolojik kosullarda farkli elektrik akimi üretmektedir. EEG kayitlari ile bu fizyolojik durumlar hakkinda fikir sahibi olunabilmektedir. Bahsedilen dokümanda sapka ile beynin spontan elektrik aktivitesi elektrotlar yardimi ile toplanmaktadir. Ayrica ilgili patent basvurusunun amaçlarindan birinde de beyin uyariminda kullanilabileceginden de kisaca bahsedilmistir. EEG'nin genligi yani beyin aktivitesi mikro volt düzeyindedir. Fakat insan beynini uyaran tDCS akim siddeti ise en az 1-2 mA düzeyinde olmasi gerekmektedir. Ayrica insan beyni sürekli ayni genlikte akim üretememektedir, çünkü duygusal veya bilissel yani beyin aktivitesi degistikçe elektrik aktivitesi de degismektedir. Bu durum ise beyni uyarmak için gerekli olan transkraniyel dogru akim uyarim siddetinin saglanmamasina neden olmaktadir. Bizim bulusumuz ise sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar ile epilepsi nöbeti esnasinda beyinde olusan elektriksel uyarilari diger elektrotlar ile beyne gönderilerek nöbetin baskilanmasi amaçlanmaktadir. Nöbetin siddeti yani elektirksel aktivite arttikça beyinde de o kadar elektriksel desarjlar olusmaktadir. Basvurumuzda da kendi siddetinde elektriksel aktivite gönderileceginden nöbetin olusturdugu kendi elektriksel aktivitesi ile baskilanmis olunmaktadir. Ayrica sapkanin cep telefonuna entegrasyonu ile hastanin nöbet geçirdigi bilgisi hem hasta yakinina hem de saglik kurulusuna iletilmektedir. CN216091870U numarali patent basvurusunda hastanin tedavisi esnasinda kisinin kafasini oynatmamasi amaciyla x, y, z ekseninde ayarlanabilen sabit bir aparat yapilmistir. Basvurumuzda ise sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar ile epilepsi nöbeti esnasinda beyinde olusan elektriksel uyarilari diger elektrotlar ile beyne gönderilerek nöbetin baskilanmasi amaçlanmaktadir. Ayrica sapkanin cep telefonuna entegrasyonu ile hastanin nöbet geçirdigi bilgisi hem hasta yakinina hem de saglik kurulusuna iletilmektedir. Dünya Saglik Örgütü, epilepsinin dünya çapinda en yaygin ve ciddi beyin bozukluklarindan biri oldugunu bildirmektedir. Epilepsi, ciddi fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyal ve ekonomik sonuçlara yol açmaktadir. Epilepsi, dünyadaki hastalik yükünün önemli bir bölümünü olusturan ve 50 milyondan fazla insani etkileyen bir hastaliktir. Dünya genelinde, her yil tahmini olarak 2,4 milyon kisiye epilepsi tanisi konmaktadir. Epilepsi, beyindeki sinir hücrelerinin artmis uyarilabilirliginden (nöronal hipereksitabilite) kaynaklanmakta, inhibisyon ve eksitasyon arasindaki denge bozuldugu zaman ortaya çikan tekrarlayan, spontan nöbet durumudur. Epilepsi, MSS'nin bilinen en sik hastaliklarindan birisidir ve her yüz kisiden birinde görülmektedir. Epilepsinin altinda yatan nedenleri tedavi edemedigimiz için günümüzdeki farmakoterapinin amaci, nöbet sikligini kontrol etmektir. Epileptik hastalarin yaklasik olarak % 20-30'u antiepileptik ilaçlara cevap vermemektedir, bu hastalar genellikle cerrahi tedavi için aday olmaktadirlar. Son yillarda herhangi bir yan etkisi/olumsuz özelligi olmayan transkraniyal dogru akim stimülasyonu gibi nöromodülasyon non-invasive (cerrahi girisim gerektirmeyen) tedavi yöntemleri nörolojik hastaliklar siklikla kullanilmaktadir. Alzheimer, inme, parkinson gibi hastaliklarda tedavi seçenegi olarak tercih edilmeye baslanan nöromodülasyon, epilepside de tedavi seçenegi olarak akillarda yer etmektedir. Herhangi bir yan etkisinin olmamasi ve düsük maliyette olmasi en büyük avantajlaridir. Ayrica kullanimi basit oldugundan kisiye ögretilmesi durumunda hastanin hastaneye gelmesine de gerek kalmamaktadir. Bu da hastane ve doktor is yükünü önemli derecede hafifletmektedir. BULUSUN AMACI Bulus, epilepsi sikâyeti olan hastalarin bir sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar yardimiyla nöbet geçirdiginin tespit edilerek, epileptik desarj esnasinda beyinde üretilen elektriksel aktiviteyi transkraniyel dogru akima çevirerek epileptik atak esnasinda kendi elektriksel aktivitesinin tedavide kullanilmasini saglayan bir epilepsi tedavi sapkasi ile ilgilidir. Ayrica bulusa konu sapka, kisinin cep telefonuna entegre edilerek, nöbet esnasinda kisinin nöbet geçirdigi bilgisi hem hasta yakinina hem de bagli oldugu saglik kurulusuna mesaj göndererek hastanin durumu hakkinda da bilgi vermektedir. Böylece hasta tek basina günlük yasam süreçlerini devam ettirirken, uzaktan ailesi ve saglik kurulusu tarafindan hastanin ve nöbetin seyri takip edilebilmektedir. Ürün tip, biyomedikal mühendislik, fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon gibi saglik alanlarinda uygulanma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bulusumuzda sapka içerisine yerlestirilen elektrotlar araciligiyla epilepsi nöbeti esnasinda üretilen elektriksel aktivite, hiperpolarizasyon katodal uyariya çevrilerek epilepsi hastaliklarinin tedavisinde kullanilmaktadir. Bu hastalarin hastaneye gitmeye gerek kalmadan is, okul, ev vs. ortaminda günlük yasamlari esnasinda tedavileri saglanmaktadir. Böylece hastane ve doktor is yükü de önemli derecede azaltilmaktadir. Ayrica herhangi bir yan etkisinin olmamasi, düsük maliyette olmasi ve kullaniminin oldukça basit olmasi en büyük avantajlaridir. Elektrik uyariminda kullanilacak olan uyari elektrotlari da sapkanin içerisine yerlestirilerek kisinin çevresi tarafindan sosyal baskiya maruz kalmasi da önlenmis olunmaktadir. Tüm bunlarla beraber sapka mobil telefona entegre edilerek hastanin nöbet ve konum bilgileri de hem hasta yakinina hem de saglik kurulusuna iletilmekte ve hastanin nöbet durumu hakkinda gerekli bilgilere erisilmis olunmaktadir. Böylece hasta yakinlari ve saglik kurulusunun hasta takibi saglanmaktadir. SEKIL LISTESI Sekil 1.Transkraniyal Dogru Akim Stimulasyon Sapkasi Sekillerde verilen numaralandirmalarin karsiliklari: 1. EEG Elektrodu 2. Katodal tDAS uyari elektrodu 3. Sapka BULUSUN DETAYLI AÇIKLAMASI Bulusumuz, bir sapka (3) içerisine yerlestirilen EEG elektrotlari (1) araciligiyla epilepsi nöbetinin tespit edilerek, nöbet esnasinda üretilen elektriksel aktiviteyi, epilepsi nöbetinde hiperpolarizasyon katodal uyariya çevirerek katodal tDAS uyari elektrodu (2) ile hastaya geri verilerek epilepsi hastaliklarinin tedavisinde kullanimina yöneliktir. Epilepsi nöbetleri önceden bilinmedigi gibi nöbet esnasinda tedavi de edilememektedir. Ayrica epilepsi hastalarinin tek basina oldugunda ilaç alamamasi da krizi zorlastirmaktadir. Bulusumuz ile nöbet ne zaman olursa olsun, hasta tek bile olsa nöbet esnasinda beyindeki aktivite ile nöbetin baskilanmasi saglanmaktadir. Hastalarin hastaneye gitmeye gerek kalmadan is, okul, ev vs. ortaminda tedavileri saglanmis olunmaktadir. Böylece hastane ve doktor is yükü de önemli derecede azaltilmaktadir. Ayrica herhangi bir yan etkisinin olmamasi, düsük maliyette olmasi ve kullaniminin oldukça basit olmasi en büyük avantajlaridir. Elektrik uyarimin da kullanilacak olan katodal tDAS uyari elektrotu (2) da sapkanin (3) içerisine yerlestirildigi için kisinin çevresi tarafindan sosyal baskiya maruz kalmasi da önlenmistir. Ayrica sapkanin (3) cep telefonu ile entegrasyonu da barindirdigi kablosuz iletisim protokollerinden en az biri ile gerçeklestirilerek kisinin nöbet geçirip geçirmedigi ve nöbetin sikligi, süresi gibi bilgilerde hem aileye hem de saglik kurulusuna gönderilmekte ve süreçten bilgilendirilmesi saglanmaktadir. Epilepsi nöbeti esnasinda beyinde ard desarjlar olusmakta ve yüksek beyin aktivitesi görülmektedir. Bu elektriksel beyin aktivitesi, transkraniyal dogru akim elektrik enerjisine dönüstürüldügünde olusan bu enerji, dogru akim uyarimi ile epilepsi tedavisinde kullanilabilme potansiyeli tasimaktadir. Bulusumuzda epilepsi hastalarinin beyinlerindeki elektriksel enerji, transkraniyal dogru akim elektrik enerjisine dönüstürülmüs ve kisinin kendi kendisini tedavi edebilecek elektrik uyarimi elde edilmistir. Bununla birlikte sapka (3) akilli cep telefonuna entegre edilerek hem hasta yakinina hem de bagli oldugu saglik kurulusuna da nöbet bilgisi iletmektedir. Böylece kisinin nöbet durumu, konumu vs. gibi bilgiler de saglanmaktadir. Bulusta ilk olarak, bulustaki temel araç olan nöbet esnasinda beyindeki elektriksel aktivite sonucu olusan enerji EEG elektrotlari (1) araciligi ile toplanmaktadir. Epilepsi nöbetleri basit parsiyel nöbet, kompleks parsiyel nöbet ve jenaralize nöbet olarak üç gruba ayrilmaktadirlar. Nöbet tipine göre beyindeki elektriksel aktiviteler degisiklik gösterebilmektedir. Bulusumuzda, her nöbet tipinin tanisina ait elektriksel aktivite bilgilerinin depolandigi bir islemci mevcuttur. Sapka (3) içerisinde de EEG elektrotlarinin (1) yerlesimi de bu bilgiler dogrultusunda yapilmaktadir. Yerlesim, aktivitelerin en iyi algilanacagi noktalarin, sapka (3) kullanici tarafindan takildiginda otomatik olarak istenilen yerlere denk gelmesine göre planlanmaktadir. Epilepsi tipine göre degisen elektriksel aktivite degeri EEG elektrotlari (1) tarafindan algilanmakta ve islemci tarafindan hafizasinda bulunan önceki klinik vakalara göre belirlenmis tani degerler ile kiyaslanip hangi nöbet tipi oldugu tanimlanip, bu deger tespit edildiginde nöbetin basladigi kabul edilmektedir. Ayrica islemci beyindeki elektriksel aktivitenin tipini belirledikten sonra sensörlerden gelen elektrik enerjisi bilgilerine göre elektriksel aktivitenin siddetini de tespit etmekte ve beyne uygulanacak olan tDAS protokolünü nöbetin siddetine göre akimin/tedavinin uygulanmasini saglamaktadir. Siddet tespiti için EEG elektrotlarina (1) gelen elektriksel aktivitenin yogunlugu kullanilmaktadir. Uygulanacak tDAS protokolü ise, islemci hafizasinda nöbet tipi ve her bir nöbet tipinde karsilasilabilecek siddetlere göre daha önce tanimlanmistir. Islemci yaptigi tespitler neticesinde ilgili protokolü baslatmaktadir. Böylelikle katodal tDAS uyari elektrotu (2) tarafindan gerekli akim hastaya verilmektedir. Elektriksel aktivite üretimi Ilk olarak kullanilacak sapka (3) içerisine EEG elektrotlari (1) monte edilmistir. Sapka (3) içerisine monte edilen EEG elektrotlari (1) için devre baglanmistir. Sapka (3) içerisine sapka (3) boyutuna göre (hastanin yasi, kafa boyutu gibi parametrelere bagli olarak) nöbet aninda üretilen elektriksel enerjiyi depolayabilmektedir. Üretilen enerji miktari, EEG elektrotu (1) ve nöbet esnasinda olusan elektriksel aktivite ile dogru orantilidir. Üretilen elektrik enerjisi, 1N4007 Diyot ve 5 volt DC-DC çevirici ile dogru akima çevrilmektedir. Akimin yeterli düzeyde olmamasi durumunda bulusun dönüstürücü ile katodal tDAS uyari elektrotu (2) arasinda barindirdigi bir yükselteç ile yükseltilerek, sapka (3) içerisindeki katodal tDAS uyari elektrotu (2) ile beyne tedavi amaçli uyarim olarak gönderilmektedir. Bulus ayni zamanda, elektronik donanimlarin (islemci gibi) çalisabilmesi için bir güç kaynagi da barindirmaktadir. Uyari sapkasinin (3) yapisi Epilepsi tedavisinde kortikal alana verilecek uyarim için, yüzeysel disk yapisinda katodal tDAS uyari elektrotu (2) kullanilmaktadir. Uyari elektrotlari direkt kafatasinin üzerine yerlestirmek yerine, sapka (3) içerisine monte edilmistir. Böylece daha kolay sökülüp takilmasi saglanmis ve her defasinda elektrotlarin yeri degismesi sikintisinin önüne geçilmistir. Tedavi uyarisinin verilmesi Devre tamamlandiginda kisi günlük yasamini sürdürürken, sapka (3) içerisine yerlestirilmis olan katodal tDAS uyari elektrotu (2) yardimiyla nöbet esnasinda olusan elektrik akimi anlik olarak kisiye tedavi amaçli uygulanmaktadir. Nöbet bilgilerinin gönderilmesi Sapkanin (3) hasta cep telefonuna entegrasyonu saglanarak, hastanin nöbet, konum vs. gibi bilgileri hem hasta yakinina hem de saglik kurulusuna iletilmekte ve hastanin nöbet durumu hakkinda gerekli bilgilerine erisim saglanmis olmaktadir. Böylece hasta yakinlari ve saglik kurulusu hastayi takip edebilmektedir. Bunun saglanabilmesi için, sapka (3) üzerinde kablosuz iletisim modülü bulunmaktadir. Kablosuz iletisim modülü bluetooth, wifi, RFlD, NFC iletisim metotlarindan en az birini kullanmaktadir. TR TR TR TR TR TR TR DESCRIPTION EPILEPSY TREATMENT HATS TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to an epilepsy treatment hat that detects seizures in patients with epilepsy complaints with the help of electrodes placed inside a hat, and allows the electrical activity produced in the brain during epileptic discharge to be used in the treatment of its own electrical activity during the epileptic attack by converting it into transcranial direct current. PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDAS) applications are frequently used in the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, traumatic spinal cord injury, fibromyalgia, central pain, migraine, in psychiatric diseases, neurological diseases and stroke rehabilitation studies; and in studies investigating the effects of cognitive functions such as learning, memory and decision making in healthy individuals. tDAS is applied to the cerebral cortex by applying a constant and low-intensity current superficially from the skull, and the direct current given from the active electrode placed on the skull passes through the brain tissue and reaches the reference electrode. In studies conducted with tDAS, mild itching, temporary headache, weakness, and nausea were observed in some individuals in the applied area after tDAS treatment, and no significant side effects were observed other than these, and no neuronal damage was reported in reliability studies. Recent studies have shown that tDAS affects cell excitability and epileptic discharges by changing the membrane potential without generating an action potential in neurons. The degree of change in the brain is determined by the duration, polarity, and direction of the applied direct current. The current passing through the brain tissue creates increasing or decreasing excitability effects in the cortical region. Excitability is determined by the intensity of the current and the polarity of anodal stimulation or cathodal stimulation. It is known that anodal tDAS application creates depolarization in neuron membranes by activation of Na+-Ca+2 dependent channels in neurons and increases the excitability of cortical neurons, while cathodal tDAS creates hyperpolarization in neuron membranes and decreases the excitability of cortical neurons. Hagedorn et al. (US838031682) used tDAS integrated into an EEG hat to change brain functions/activities in their patent titled "Transcranial stimulation device and method based on electrophysiological testing". With this product, tDAS stimulation can be used as an auditory, visual etc. They have examined changes in brain activities such as. In the patent titled "By Transcranial Magnetic Stmulation Enhanced By Transcranial Direct Current Stmulation", they aimed to silence/suppress epilepsy with magnetic field and transcranial direct current stimulation. These two methods are used separately in the literature, and in this patent, a design aimed at combined treatment has been made. A product that treats tinnitus has been made. In their invention titled "Current Stmulation And Electroencephalography Device", electrical activities from the brain are amplified with an amplifier via EEG electrodes and analyzed on a computer, and tDAS stimulation is sent to the patient. In the system subject to our patent application, the activity produced in the brain during epilepsy is utilized, similar to the invention of Boyden et al. However, in our current invention, there is no need for a fixed computer and interfaces. The electrical activities that occur during the seizure are collected with electrodes placed inside the hat and it is aimed to stimulate the brain by converting it into direct current. With this invention, the person is not connected to any device such as a computer, the product can be carried inside the hat and information about the seizure is sent to both the patient's relative and the health institution. The purpose of the patent titled "Associated Methods" is related to the vagus nerve stimulation technique currently used in the clinic. This method, which is especially used in the treatment of depression, involves electrical stimulation of the nerve. In our patent application, the aim is to suppress the seizure by sending the electrical impulses formed in the brain during an epileptic seizure to the brain via other electrodes using electrodes placed inside a hat. In addition, with the integration of the hat into a mobile phone, information that the patient is having a seizure is transmitted to both the patient's relative and the healthcare institution. In the patent titled "Nerve (10th Cranial Nerve) Using Modulated Electrical Pulses With An Inductively Coupled Stimulation System", the vagus nerve is stimulated with electrical stimulation as in the previous patent. In our application, the aim is to suppress the seizure by sending the electrical impulses formed in the brain during an epileptic seizure to the brain via other electrodes with the electrodes placed inside a hat. In addition, with the integration of the hat to the mobile phone, the information that the patient has a seizure is transmitted to both the patient's relative and the healthcare institution. Thanks to this, the information that the patient has an epileptic attack is detected by the system and the seizure is controlled by giving acute anti-epileptic medication. In our application, the aim is to suppress the seizure by sending the electrical impulses formed in the brain during an epileptic seizure to the brain via other electrodes with the electrodes placed inside a hat. In addition, with the integration of the hat to the mobile phone, the information that the patient has a seizure is transmitted to both the patient's relative and the healthcare institution. It is related to an apparatus for fixing the tDCS/tDAS stimulation to the head while stimulating the field. Our application is aimed at suppressing the seizure by sending electrical impulses generated in the brain during an epileptic seizure to the brain via other electrodes using electrodes placed inside a hat. In addition, information that the patient is having a seizure is transmitted to both the patient's relative and the healthcare institution by integrating the hat into the mobile phone. In the patent application numbered CN103300851 and titled "Cap With Brain Wave And Physical Sign Collection Functions", electrodes are placed inside the hat and physiological parameters such as spontaneous electrical activity in the brain, oxygen level, and body temperature are recorded. The brain produces different electrical currents in different physiological conditions. It is possible to have an idea about these physiological conditions with EEG recordings. In the mentioned document, the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain is collected with the help of electrodes using a hat. In addition, one of the purposes of the relevant patent application briefly mentioned that it can be used in brain stimulation. The amplitude of EEG, i.e. brain activity, is at the microvolt level. However, the tDCS current intensity that stimulates the human brain must be at least 1-2 mA. In addition, the human brain cannot constantly produce current at the same amplitude, because as emotional or cognitive, i.e. brain activity, changes, so does electrical activity. This situation causes the transcranial direct current stimulation intensity required to stimulate the brain not to be provided. Our invention aims to suppress the seizure by sending the electrical impulses formed in the brain during an epileptic seizure to the brain with other electrodes using electrodes placed inside the hat. As the intensity of the seizure, i.e. electrical activity, increases, so do electrical discharges in the brain. In our application, since electrical activity will be sent at its own intensity, the seizure is suppressed with its own electrical activity. In addition, with the integration of the hat to the mobile phone, the information that the patient has a seizure is transmitted to both the patient's relative and the healthcare institution. In the patent application numbered CN216091870U, a fixed apparatus that can be adjusted in the x, y, z axes was made in order to prevent the patient from moving his/her head during treatment. In our application, with the electrodes placed inside the hat, the electrical stimuli formed in the brain during the epileptic seizure are sent to the brain with other electrodes and the seizure is aimed to be suppressed. In addition, with the integration of the hat to the mobile phone, the information that the patient has a seizure is transmitted to both the patient's relative and the healthcare institution. The World Health Organization reports that epilepsy is one of the most common and serious brain disorders worldwide. Epilepsy leads to serious physical, psychological, social and economic consequences. Epilepsy is a disease that accounts for a significant portion of the world's disease burden and affects more than 50 million people. An estimated 2.4 million people are diagnosed with epilepsy each year worldwide. Epilepsy is a recurrent, spontaneous seizure condition that results from increased excitability of nerve cells in the brain (neuronal hyperexcitability) and occurs when the balance between inhibition and excitation is disrupted. Epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the CNS and is seen in one in every hundred people. Since we cannot treat the underlying causes of epilepsy, the aim of current pharmacotherapy is to control the frequency of seizures. Approximately 20-30% of epileptic patients do not respond to antiepileptic drugs, and these patients are usually candidates for surgical treatment. In recent years, neuromodulation non-invasive (does not require surgical intervention) treatment methods such as transcranial direct current stimulation, which do not have any side effects/negative features, have been frequently used in neurological diseases. Neuromodulation, which has begun to be preferred as a treatment option in diseases such as Alzheimer's, stroke, and Parkinson's, is also coming to mind as a treatment option in epilepsy. Its greatest advantages are that it has no side effects and is low cost. In addition, since it is easy to use, if the person is taught, the patient does not need to come to the hospital. This significantly reduces the workload of the hospital and the doctor. PURPOSE OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an epilepsy treatment hat that detects the seizures of patients with epilepsy complaints with the help of electrodes placed in a hat, and converts the electrical activity produced in the brain during epileptic discharge into transcranial direct current, allowing the use of the patient's own electrical activity in treatment during the epileptic attack. In addition, the hat in question can be integrated into the person's mobile phone, and during the seizure, the information that the person has a seizure can be sent to both the patient's relative and the health institution to which it is affiliated, thus providing information about the patient's condition. Thus, while the patient continues his daily life processes alone, the patient and the course of the seizure can be followed remotely by the family and the health institution. The product has the potential to be applied in health fields such as medicine, biomedical engineering, physical therapy and rehabilitation. In our invention, the electrical activity produced during an epileptic seizure is converted into hyperpolarization cathodal stimulation by means of electrodes placed inside the hat and used in the treatment of epilepsy diseases. These patients are treated during their daily lives at work, school, home, etc. without having to go to the hospital. Thus, the workload of the hospital and the doctor is significantly reduced. In addition, the biggest advantages are that it does not have any side effects, is low-cost and is quite simple to use. The stimulation electrodes to be used in electrical stimulation are also placed inside the hat, preventing the person from being exposed to social pressure from his/her environment. In addition, the hat is integrated with the mobile phone and the patient's seizure and location information is transmitted to both the patient's relative and the health institution, and the necessary information about the patient's seizure status is accessed. Thus, patient relatives and healthcare institutions can follow up the patient. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Hat The correspondences of the numbers given in the figures: 1. EEG Electrode 2. Cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode 3. Hat DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Our invention is aimed at the treatment of epilepsy diseases by detecting an epileptic seizure by means of EEG electrodes (1) placed in a hat (3), converting the electrical activity produced during the seizure into hyperpolarization cathodal stimulation during the epileptic seizure and giving it back to the patient with the cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode (2). Epileptic seizures are not known in advance and cannot be treated during the seizure. In addition, the fact that epilepsy patients cannot take medication when they are alone also makes the crisis more difficult. With our invention, no matter when the seizure occurs, even if the patient is alone, the seizure is suppressed by the activity in the brain during the seizure. Patients are treated in the workplace, school, home, etc. without having to go to the hospital. Thus, the workload of the hospital and the doctor is significantly reduced. In addition, the biggest advantages are that it has no side effects, is low cost and is quite simple to use. Since the cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode (2) to be used in electrical stimulation is also placed inside the hat (3), the person is also prevented from being exposed to social pressure from his/her environment. In addition, the integration of the hat (3) with the mobile phone is carried out with at least one of the wireless communication protocols it contains, and information such as whether the person has a seizure, the frequency and duration of the seizure are sent to both the family and the healthcare institution, and they are informed about the process. During an epileptic seizure, after-discharges occur in the brain and high brain activity is observed. When this electrical brain activity is converted into transcranial direct current electrical energy, this energy has the potential to be used in the treatment of epilepsy with direct current stimulation. In our invention, the electrical energy in the brains of epilepsy patients is converted into transcranial direct current electrical energy and electrical stimulation that can treat the person himself is obtained. In addition, the hat (3) is integrated with the smart mobile phone and transmits seizure information to both the patient's relative and the healthcare institution it is connected to. Thus, the person's seizure status, location, etc. Information such as this is also provided. In the invention, firstly, the energy generated by the electrical activity in the brain during a seizure, which is the basic tool in the invention, is collected via EEG electrodes (1). Epileptic seizures are divided into three groups as simple partial seizures, complex partial seizures and generalized seizures. Electrical activities in the brain may vary depending on the seizure type. In our invention, there is a processor in which the electrical activity information related to the diagnosis of each seizure type is stored. The placement of the EEG electrodes (1) in the hat (3) is also made in accordance with this information. The placement is planned according to the points where the activities will be best perceived, automatically corresponding to the desired locations when the hat (3) is worn by the user. The electrical activity value, which varies according to the type of epilepsy, is detected by the EEG electrodes (1) and compared with the diagnostic values determined according to previous clinical cases in the processor's memory, and the seizure type is defined, and when this value is detected, it is accepted that the seizure has started. In addition, after determining the type of electrical activity in the brain, the processor also determines the intensity of the electrical activity according to the electrical energy information coming from the sensors and ensures that the tDAS protocol to be applied to the brain is applied to the current/treatment according to the severity of the seizure. The intensity of the electrical activity coming to the EEG electrodes (1) is used for severity detection. The tDAS protocol to be applied is previously defined in the processor's memory according to the seizure type and the severities that can be encountered in each seizure type. The processor starts the relevant protocol as a result of the detections it makes. Thus, the necessary current is given to the patient by the cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode (2). Electrical activity production First, the EEG electrodes (1) are mounted inside the hat (3) to be used. A circuit is connected to the EEG electrodes (1) mounted inside the hat (3). The hat (3) can store the electrical energy produced during a seizure according to the size of the hat (3) (depending on parameters such as the patient's age and head size). The amount of energy produced is directly proportional to the electrical activity occurring during the seizure and the EEG electrode (1). The electrical energy produced is converted to direct current with a 1N4007 Diode and a 5-volt DC-DC converter. If the current is not at a sufficient level, it is amplified with an amplifier that the invention houses between the converter and the cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode (2) and sent to the brain as a therapeutic stimulus via the cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode (2) inside the hat (3). The invention also includes a power source for the operation of electronic equipment (such as a processor). Structure of the stimulation hat (3) For the stimulation to be given to the cortical area in the treatment of epilepsy, a superficial disc-structured cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode (2) is used. Instead of placing the stimulation electrodes directly on the skull, they are mounted inside the hat (3). In this way, easier removal and installation is provided and the problem of changing the location of the electrodes each time is prevented. Providing the treatment stimulus When the circuit is completed, the person continues his daily life while the electric current generated during the seizure is applied to the person instantly for treatment purposes with the help of the cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode (2) placed inside the hat (3). Sending shift information By integrating the hat (3) with the patient's mobile phone, the patient's shift, location, etc. information is transmitted to both the patient's relative and the healthcare institution, and access to the necessary information about the patient's shift status is provided. Thus, the patient's relatives and the healthcare institution can follow the patient. In order to achieve this, there is a wireless communication module on the hat (3). The wireless communication module uses at least one of the Bluetooth, WiFi, RFID, NFC communication methods.TR TR TR TR TR TR TR

Claims

1. REQUIREMENTS It is an epilepsy treatment hat and its features are; It is placed inside a hat (3); The processor, which stores electrical activity information related to the diagnosis of epileptic seizure types divided into three groups as simple partial seizure, complex partial seizure and generalized seizure, compares the brain electrical activity measurements transmitted by EEG electrodes (1) with the diagnostic values determined according to previous clinical cases in its memory and defines the seizure type, decides that the seizure has started when this value is detected, and after determining the type of electrical activity in the brain, determines the intensity of the electrical activity according to the electrical energy information coming from the sensors and determines the tDAS protocol to be applied to the brain among the protocols defined for each intensity level in its memory according to the severity of the seizure and ensures its application, The EEG electrodes, which measure the electrical activities in the patient's brain, collect the electrical energy generated during the seizure, transmit the measurements to the processor and the electrical energy to the converter. (1) It is characterized by the converter that converts the electrical energy generated during the seizure into direct current, the cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode that provides the direct current from the converter to the patient within the process initiated by the processor (2), the wireless communication module and the power supply.

2. Epilepsy treatment hat according to claim 1, characterized by comprising an amplifier located between the converter and the cathodal tDAS stimulation electrode (2) which ensures that the direct current coming from the converter is increased when it is low. TR TR TR TR TR TR TR