TR2022013119A2 - YARN DYEING METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the method and machine for continuous dyeing of yarn with pigment dyestuffs or for dyeing and sizing with pigment dyestuffs in a single stage. The machine in question (Figure-1) is used to dye the yarns (11) with pigment dyestuff (16), dry them (18) or dye them with pigment dyestuff (16), dry them (18), size them (17) or dye them with sized pigment dyestuff (18). 16,17) and drying (18). If the dyed yarn is to be used as a warp thread in weaving, the beam (20) is taken into weaving. If the yarn is to be used as a weft thread in knitted fabric production or weaving, the beam (20) is taken to the transfer machine (Figure-2) and the threads are wound on the reels (35) and finally they are transferred from the reels to the bobbins. (53) is transferred. (Figure-4)

Description

DESCRIPTION YARN DYEING METHOD Technical Field The invention relates to the continuous dyeing of yarns to be used in the production of knitted and woven fabrics with pigment dyestuff or to the continuous dyeing and sizing in a single stage. Known State of the Art Coloring of fabrics knitted or woven with yarns produced from natural and/or synthetic fibers in different constructions can be done after the knitting or weaving process, as well as by using colored fibers and/or yarns. In order to color textile surfaces produced with cellulose-based fibers, especially cotton, and by blending these fibers with other natural and/or synthetic fibers, with different methods and dyes, a good pretreatment process must be applied to the surface. Substances such as natural oil, wax, and pectin found in the structure of cellulose-based fibers, especially cotton, cause the fibers and the yarns and fabrics made with them to be hydrophobic. If the textile surface in question is a woven fabric and the warp yarn is also woven, the swatches must be removed in order for the coloring to be even. Such detailed pretreatment processes are not required for products produced with synthetic fibers. There is no need for a finishing process. When pretreatment is mentioned, some of the processes that come to mind are desizing, bleaching, washing, drying, mercerizing, cooking, and oxidative bleaching. Many substances such as sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide, enzymes, hydrogen peroxide stabilizers, ion sequestrants, defoamers, and wetting agents are used in these processes. The fiber type and ratio contained in the blend, the performance of the product to be obtained, its fastness values, the plant's machinery, and the purpose for which the product will be used play a major role in the selection of the processes, methods, and dyes to be applied. Although the products used as clothing vary within themselves, the demand for sportswear products called denim and non-denim is increasing day by day, rather than classic cut clothing. Denim fabric is a blend of cellulose-based warp yarn and raw weft yarn dyed with indigo and/or sulfur dyes. It is a fabric created by weaving with a 3/1 Z weave pattern. Products made with this fabric are subject to local or complete effects and/or color fading due to various mechanical and chemical effects after being manufactured. In yarns dyed with indigo and/or sulfur dyes, the dye does not reach the center of the yarn, and when the surface dye is removed, the color can lighten from the bottom to white. The weave structure and warp yarn dyeing ensure that the warp color dominates on the right side, while the raw yarn color dominates on the reverse side. While dyeing under different conditions can achieve dye penetration to the center of the yarn, this is undesirable for denim products. The water, energy, dye, labor, and investment costs associated with machines that continuously dye warp yarns are quite high. Waste during batch changes and downtimes in production is high. The long machine length and high number of cylinders increase the risk of poor quality and also lead to longer maintenance and cleaning times. Non-denim fabrics, on the other hand, are a product group with a similar construction to the denim product group, where the weft and warp yarns are generally woven raw. After various pretreatment processes, they are dyed with different methods and dyestuffs. Another application in this product group is that the fabric, which undergoes pretreatment and is ready for dyeing or printing, is then offered to the customer after being made into garments by piece dyeing, piece printing, and/or washing. These fabrics, in particular, consume significant amounts of energy, water, and chemicals during the pretreatment process, and wastewater is high. In recent years, the demand for post-weaving coloration (printing, dyeing, and coating) for denim fabrics dyed with warp yarns has been increasing. Top-coloration is often achieved by sulfur and pigments. Dyes are made with dyes. While sulfur dyes bind to cellulose fibers with weak bonds, pigment dyes cannot and therefore are bound with an adhesive called binder. For the layer formed by the binder on the surface to be permanent, it must be cured at high temperatures, which requires additional energy consumption. Pigment dyes are referred to as flow dyes. The flow from the surface varies depending on the type and amount of binder and pigment dye used, the processing conditions, and the type of fiber to be applied. Through the binder, pigment dyes can be bonded to all natural, semi-natural, and synthetic fibers, meaning pigment dyes can color all fibers. Continuous dyeing of yarn with pigment dyes, and the use of the yarn produced in this way as woven, weft, or knitting yarn, is available. It is not. When used as warp yarn in weaving, dyeing with pigment dyes and sizing cannot be done in a single step. Indigo and sulfur dyes color cellulose and cellulose-based fibers, and because they bind weakly to the fibers, these dyes also exhibit run-on properties. Each dye can be removed from the fibers by chemical and/or mechanical processes, but run-on properties vary depending on the processes applied to the fibers before and after and the processing conditions. Each dye and fiber has different chemical resistance. Recently, denim fabric production, in which the warp yarn is dyed with indigo and sulfur dyes, has increased significantly. Especially with mechanical and/or chemical processes applied after garment production, indigo or sulfur dyes can be applied more or less locally or completely, depending on the conditions. Efforts are being made to create a rich effect and color by removing the dye, but this richness remains limited. Application number GB describes the sizing of cellulose-based yarns and their dyeing with reactive dyes in a single stage. Application number JP860155784(A) describes the sizing of cellulose-based yarns and their dyeing with sulfur dyes in a single stage. Here, the chemical added also increases fastness values. Application number 1 relates to the sizing and simultaneous dyeing of warp yarns composed of cellulose-based fibers, but here, the addition of caustic to the sizing liquor is mentioned. This is a simultaneous dyeing method and a sizing dyeing machine operating with this method, and its feature is that sizing and dyeing are done in a single stage. Currently, sizing will not be done and/or yarns produced with fibers other than cellulose fibers will be used. It is not possible to color with pigment dyes or to perform sizing in a single stage with pigment dyes. In the case of sizing and dyeing processes carried out in a single stage, the yarns are wrapped on the warp beam and then the weaving process is carried out. It is not possible to use the yarns colored and/or sized in this way as knitting yarns or weft yarns in weaving. As a result, the problems mentioned above have made it necessary to make innovations in the technical field. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the process of continuous dyeing of weft-warp yarns to be used for knitted and woven fabric production with pigment dyes or continuous dyeing and sizing in a single stage and the method and machinery required for the application of this process in order to eliminate the disadvantages and problems mentioned above, to make improvements in the relevant technical field and to provide advantages. The main purpose of the invention is to The aim of this invention is to enable continuous dyeing of yarns made of fibers and fiber blends with lower energy, dyestuff, water, chemical consumption and number of processes. Another aim of the invention is to ensure that the yarn to be used as warp yarn in weaving is colored and sized with pigment dyestuff in a single stage. Another aim of the invention is to ensure that the continuously dyed yarn is transferred to bobbins and used as weft yarn in weaving. Another aim of the invention is to ensure that the continuously dyed yarn is transferred to bobbins and used in knitted fabric production. Another aim of the invention is to increase the variety of colors and effects in the denim product group. Another aim of the invention is to enable the yarn dyed with the same or different dyestuff (fiber dye, slasher dye, rope dye, bobbin dye) in previous stages. ) is to enable dyeing with pigment dyestuff in order to change, improve the color or to increase the effect richness to be created by subsequent after-treatments. Another purpose of the invention is to enable dyeing and sizing processes with pigment dyestuff in a single stage in order to change, improve the color of yarn dyed with the same or different dyestuffs in previous stages or to increase the effect richness to be created by after-treatments. Another purpose of the invention is to provide the process of dyeing or undyed yarns wrapped in beams in open width with pigment dyestuff and drying or to provide the process of dyeing again with pigment dyestuff, sizing and drying. Brief Explanation of the Figures The present invention should be evaluated together with the figures in order to be understood. Figure-1; According to the Continuous Impregnation Drying Method Schematic View of Yarn Dyeing or Dyeing and Sizing Machine. Yarn Dyeing or Yarn Dyeing and Sizing Machine 11. Yarn 12. Yarn Inlet Beam 13. Sizing Tank 14. Dye Tank . Sizing Dye Tank 16. Sizing / Dye / Sizing Dye Tank 17. Sizing / Dye / Sizing Dye Tank 18. Drying Unit 19. Gauge Bars . Yarn Outlet Beam Figure-2; Schematic View of the Machine for Transferring the Yarns Located in the Large Beam (20) to the Spools (Small Beams). Yarn Beam 31 . Yarn Guide Shaft 32 . Yarn Guide Shaft 33 . Partial Reed 34 . Fixing Bed . Spool (Small Beam) 36 . Spools Figure-3; Top view of the machine for transferring yarns from the big beam (20) to the reels (small beams). Figure-4; Schematic view of the machine for transferring yarns from the reels to the bobbins. 50. Winding machine 51. Operator panel 52. Control panel 53. Bobbin 54. Bobbin turner 55. Yarn travel shaft 56. Winding unit 57. Yarn delivery guide 58. Waxing device 59. Yarn break sensor 60. Winding guide 61. Bobbin turner Detailed description of the invention In this detailed description, the subject of the invention is yarn dyeing or the dyeing method in which yarn dyeing and sizing are done in a single stage and the dyeing machine (10) operating in this method, only for a better understanding of the subject. The dyeing machine (10) which performs the dyeing of the yarn (11) with pigment dyestuff or dyeing and sizing together in a single stage as shown in Figure-1 basically consists of; yarn inlet beam (12) where the yarns to be dyed (11) are wound, boiler (13) where the dyestuff float is prepared, boiler (14) where the sizing float is prepared, boiler (15) where the dyeing, sizing, dyeing and sizing are done, vats (16,17) where the yarns are dried, gauge bars (19) which guide to prevent the yarns from getting mixed, yarn outlet beam (20) where the yarns to be dyed or dyed and sizing together (11) are wound. If instant drying is desired, contact drying and infrared drying systems can be added to the drying unit (18) of the sizing machine (10). Depending on the process to be performed, the instant dryer can be located in a single drying unit or within the entire drying unit. If only dyeing is to be done in the machine (10), the dye float (14) is prepared. If dyeing is to be done together with sizing, the sizing is first prepared in the sizing tank (13). It is then sent to the sizing tank (15) to be mixed with the dye. After the prepared mixture meets the desired conditions, it is transferred to the sizing/dyeing/sizing dyeing tank (16, 17) and dyeing or sizing is started under the specified conditions. The number and location of the preparation tanks, dyeing/sizing tanks, and drying units depend on the type of process to be performed. can be changed. The dyed or dyed and sized yarns (11) are dried in the drying units (18) and then passed through the gauge bars (19) before being wound onto the exit beam (20). The yarn inlet beams (12) adjusted according to the yarn (11) wire count are placed in front of the dyeing/sizing machine (10). Dyeing/Sizing/Sizing The dye, sized or sized dye flote is prepared by taking the predetermined chemicals to be used into the dyeing vat (13, 14, 15). After the prepared mixture meets the desired conditions (temperature, viscosity, etc.), it is transferred to the vats (16, 17). The yarn begins to be dyed or to be sized along with dyeing in the dyeing/dyeing and sized machine (10) at the determined speed and conditions. After the yarns (11) are dried After passing through the gauge bars (19) (18), it is wound onto the exit beam (20). If the processed yarn is to be used as warp yarn in weaving, the beam (20) is sent to the weaving room for weaving. If the processed yarn is to be used as weft yarn or knitting yarn in weaving, the yarns are transferred from the beam (20) to the spools (35) and then to the bobbins (53) to prepare the weft or knitting yarn. The processes to be followed after weaving and knitting of the woven or knitted fabric vary depending on the customer demand, the machine park of the company and the target product. The sizing process is not applied to the weft yarns to be used in knitted fabric production and weaving. The warp yarn is made of cellulose-based fibers, primarily cotton, or a blend of these fibers with other natural or synthetic fibers. Sizing is performed according to the type. Sizing can be applied to dyed and undyed yarns. The product group called denim is composed of cellulose-based fibers, primarily cotton, and/or blends of these fibers with other natural or synthetic fibers. The warp yarn is dyed and sized with indigo and/or sulfur dyes in a continuous rope or slasher yarn dyeing machine, and the raw weft yarn is dyed and sized with pigment dyes using a 3/1 Z weave pattern. In this machine, the warp yarn is dyed and sized in a single stage using the impregnation-drying method, and a denim-like fabric is produced in a short process. Yarns produced with fibers other than cellulose-based fibers or blended fibers are also dyed continuously and then used as warp, weft, and knitting yarns. It will be. TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR TR

Claims (1)

STEMS . It is related to the continuous open width dyeing of yarns made of cellulose, regenerated cellulose, other natural, semi-natural and synthetic fibers or their mixtures, and its feature is; o dyeing the yarn (11) with pigment dyestuffs or pigment dyeing and harvesting being done in a single stage and not involving fixation, o if the treated yarn (11) is used as a warp thread in weaving, the thread exit beam (20) is taken into weaving, 0 the yarn is used as a weft thread or knitting in weaving. If used as thread, it includes the process steps of transferring the threads from the beam to the spools (35) and then to the bobbins (53). . It is a method in accordance with claim 1 and its feature is; It contains a thread entry beam (12) on which the threads to be dyed or to be harvested together with dyeing are wound. . It is a method in accordance with claim 1 and its feature is; It contains the tank (13,14,15) where the yield / dye / yield and dye float are prepared. . It is a method in accordance with claim 1 and its feature is; It contains a drying unit (18) that can perform contact and/or infrared (shock) drying between boats and/or at the exit. It is a method in accordance with claim 1 and its feature is; It contains gauge rods (19) that prevent the threads from getting tangled. . It is a method in accordance with claim 1 and its feature is; It contains a yarn exit beam (20) on which the yarns to be dyed and harvested are wound. . It is a method in accordance with claim 1 and its feature is; If dyeing is to be done, the process includes the steps of taking the prepared dye float into the first and/or second tub (16,17), passing the yarns through the dye float, squeezing the excess dye float on the yarn, and drying it in the unit (18) containing shock drying and/or roller contact drying. . It is a method in accordance with claim 1 and its feature is; It includes the process step of passing the yarns through the dye float in the first boat (16), squeezing and drying the excess dye float on the yarn (18), passing the yarns through the dye float in the next boat (17), squeezing and drying the excess dye float on the yarn (18). . It is a method in accordance with claim 1 and its feature is; It includes the process step of passing the yarns through the dye float in the first boat (16), squeezing and drying the excess dye float on the yarn (18), and passing the yarns through the dye float in the next boat (17), squeezing and drying the excess dye float on the yarn (18). 0. It is a method in accordance with claim 1, and its feature is; It includes the process step of passing the yarns through the fine dye float in the first and/or second vessel (16,17), squeezing and drying the excess fine dye float on the yarn. 1. It is a method according to claim 1 and its feature is; It includes the process step of winding the dried yarns onto the exit thread (20) after passing through the gauge rods (19). It is a method in accordance with claim 1 and its feature is; If the yarn is to be used as weft yarn or knitting yarn in weaving, the process step includes transferring the yarn (11) from the beams (20) to the spools (35). The transfer process to the pulleys (35) can also be achieved by passing a sufficient number of pulleys onto the shaft instead of a single-piece beam (20) at the output of Figure-1. (The output part of Figure-2 is located at the output part of Figure-1) It is a method in accordance with Claim 12 and its feature is ; It includes the process step of transferring the threads from the spools (35) to the bobbins (53). It is a method in accordance with claims 7,8,9,10, and its feature is to provide drying with contact and/or infrared dryer.